A NEW MARYLAND MUSEUM DOWN ON THE FARM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290065-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 65
• Publication Date: August 21, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

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August 21, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
I would encourage my colleagues and
their constituents and friends to visit
this unique and intriguing museum at
the first opportunity, and would like to
include in the RECORD the following de-
scription of it by Maryland's own Anne
Christmas which appeared in the travel
section of the New York Times of August
13, 1967:
A NEW MARYLAND MUSEUM DOWN ON THE
FARM
(By Anne Christmas)
WESTMINSTER, MD.-A 19th-century farm
filled with relics of a nearly forgotten era is
the setting for the Carroll County Farm Mu-
seum, one of Maryland's newest tourist at-
tractions.
The story of how the museum came into
being is an interesting one. Some years ago,
residents of Westminster noted that subdi-
visions were encroaching rapidly around a
beautiful 142-acre tract of county-owned
land within the city limits. This last bit of
farmland inside Westminster was known as
"The Old Folks Home," and, when its inhabi-
tants dwindled to six, the facility was phased
out.
This left the place unoccupied, and an im-
mediate target for real-estate developers.
They envisioned an extension of the attrac-
tive communities already flanking the prop-
erty's boundaries.
The Carroll County Commission named a
Citizens Committee to establish a farm mu-
seum to preserve some memories of the
area's rich agricultural heritage-"just in
case a generation might grow up without
being able to recognize a plow, or even a
cow," as one of the group commented.
BANK BARN
The buildings of "The Old Folks Home"
were well suited to the project. The key
structure was a bank barn, which ranks
among Maryland's best examples of early
19th-century construction. A series of
rooms-they are built along one side of the
barn to serve as a dormitory-was ideal: for
small exhibits of farm crafts, such as spin-
ning, butterchurning, weaving, chair-caning
and baking.
The main house, somewhat dreary and in
need of refurbishing when the museum's
board of governors inherited it in 1965, none-
theless was stoutly built with classically
simple lines. Its 30 rooms underwent a major
overhaul last year.
Most of the rooms of this typical farm
dwelling are now open to the public for the
first time. Many a Maryland attic was raided
and many a long hour was spent by antiques
buffs in acquiring furniture suitable for the
house.
QUAINT KITCHEN
The Citizens. Committee is particularly
pleased with the results it has produced in
setting up a quaint old kitchen. Items there
include fireplace implements, a dough box, a
hutch cupboard and ladderback chairs.
A child's bedroom has a four-poster wal-
nut bed and a complete set of 19th-century
doll furniture. Two other bedrooms
the cus-
,
tomary "summer kitchen" and a bake-oven "Okay", says the city guy. "So the price of
room recently were furnished with suitable corn is down. What do I care? What does it
antiques and opened for inspection by vis- mean to me?"
itors. Maybe this is right. Maybe so few people
Most of the land in surrounding Carroll live and work on farms any more that the
County is used for growing corn, wheat and price received for farm products is of little
hay, with beef and dairy cattle as important interest. So let's put the whole situation in a
byproducts. In keeping with local custom, different light to try to draw attention to
the farm museum's acreage has been planted what is a very real problem.
in grass, along with demonstration crops of Pottawattamie County is expected to pro-
wheat, corn, tobacco, buckwheat and broom- duce about 17 million bushels of corn in 1967.
corn. The price of corn when the new harvest
Before its formal opening last summer, starts, about 60 days from now, is certain to
the museum received some 1,000 articles be 30 cents below the level of last year. That
from 200 individuals and organizations. Now means that the corn crop will be worth $5.1
that the. farm is open regularly each week- million less than if last year's prices had pre-
end and holidays, many more people hang vailed.
Approved
A 4243
Farmers are accustomed to being pushed
around so although there will be some grum-
bling and criticism, little will be heard about
it. But what if the same kind of income drop
were to be sustained by our wage-earners.
What if 5,100 of the salaried men of this
county were to be notified that they were
going to receive $1,000 each less this year
than last for the same amount of work?
Would this raise the roof? You bet it
would. These 5,100 wage-earners would rep-
sent about 25 per cent of the families in
th unty and this kind of income reduc-
tion wo )dean
n consternation.
Or tthe drop in income even
fartherworke
rs were to have their
earningby $500 per year each, the
resultinin economic activity in this
county e the same as the projected
decreasraces, Would this be worth
a lot o? You know it would; in
fact we ve some riots of our own
right hWhy uld the farmer have to take
this kind of cut in earnings without squawk-
ing? He shouldn't. He ought to raise cain
and keep raising it until something is done.
As far as we are concerned, he has a lot more
to complain about than most of the people
who are keeping the country in a state of
pandemonium right now.
Crash Regimentation?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 15, 1967
Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, I believe
my colleagues will enjoy and appreciate
an editorial entitled "Crash Regimenta-
Lion?" which appeared recently in the
[From the Desplaines Valley News,
July 27, 1967]
CRASH REGIMENTATION?
imposed On us by Congress lately, v .w v
The stock market goes down. "Crash" in-
vestigations and profit margins are hastily
imposed by Federal ureaus. it goes up and
"crash" inflation practicesB and scrutiny is
ordered by FTC.
Two giant firms attempt to merge. "Crash"
rulings are ordered to halt the practice.
Rail workers go on strike. Nothing happens
until they do, then "Crash" rulings are
passed prohibiting this practice.
Two planes crash. Congress hurriedly or-
ders a "Crash" investigation on the incident.
It does this after every such plane crash.
An attorney writes a book about auto
safety. Congress hurriedly holds hearings to
investigate and make rulings. Another author
writes about the effects of chemical insect
control, so to the rescue comes a Federal
Bureau with a crash program.
Conditions in large cities cause riots. So
crash rulings are sought to forbid such prac-
tices.
College students take to LSD
so national
,
legislation is asked to end that practice.
Cigarette smoking is connected with can-
cer somehow. So a Federal Bureau orders
warnings on all packages (sales continue to
climb) and now seeks to have equal time
with each commercial on that product.
The population increases. Bureaus hur-
riedly pass out information pamphlets and
birth control pills.
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become interested in contributing antiques
and farm memorabilia.
One of its treasures is a wagon that was
one of the first to deliver mail in Carroll
County, where rural free delivery was begun
in 1899. Also in the barn area are early reap-
ers, threshing machines, furrow and shovel
plows, harnesses, oxen-yokes and carriages.
Implements for shoeing horses, making
brooms, quilting, woodworkine and the like
the season, w ends Oct. 31. Visiting
hours are n until 7 P.M. during August,
and from oon to 5 P.M. in September and
October Admission is 75 cents for adults
and 25 cents for children between 12 and
18 yea old.
CRAFT DAYS
In 4ddition, on "craft days" experts in
many f these nearly forgotten arts are on
hand 1 show how the pioneers performed
these t sks. Dates for such demonstrations
are nex Saturday, when the accent will be
on thees ing and tobacco harvesting; Sept.
7-10, whe the Mason-Dixon Steam Society
holds its nual show, and Oct. 14, when
"Fall Harve Day" will attract thousands of
visitors to en oy Maryland's spectacular au-
tumn foliage, well as the farm operations.
Westminster only 35 miles from Balti-
more, and can be eached by taking the Bal-
timore Beltway (I erstate 695) west to the
Pikesville-Reisterto exit and then U.S.
140. The highway goe through some glori-
ous open land, includi Green Spring Val-
ley, Maryland's most bea tiful fox-hunting
country.
The village of Glyndon, on a mile or two
east for Reistertown on U.S. 1 is the home
of the Maryland Hunt Cup each Aril. Many
enthusiasts of timber racing ma a special
trip there to view the tremendous noes on
the course, which. is regarded as on of the
most difficult steeplechase tests in the orld.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 21,1967
Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker
the' o"F'"f
,
lowing is an editorial which appeared in
the August 13 issue of the Council Bluffs
Nonpareil. It points out what a 30-cent
drop in the price of corn means to the
people in a single county. Multiply this
by the hundreds of counties in the Mid-
west. The effect on the people is dis-
astrous.
I think the article is very thought-
provoking and deserves the attention of
 9 4244
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX August 21, 1967
A fist fight occurs in Africa. Suddenly huge
U.S. transport planes appear over that place.
Israel forces damage all of the Arabian tanks
rolling to Invade their borders. Somehow a
U.S. communications ship "happens" to be
there (to protect citizens that have been
evacuated earlier naturally) and is damaged.
Teachers strike and national rulings are
sought to halt the practice. Truckers strike,
so more rulings are sought.
Note that in each incident or case, the
"crash" legislation had been imposed follow-
ing the act rather than trying to find out just
what had caused the incident.
It's just like firemen seeking to outlaw fires
without seeking their causes. If an evil must
build up to the point that a disaster occurs,
the method has been to outlaw the fire rather
than seek its cause.
The threads of federal regimentation are
like those of a spider web. The fly cannot see
the web until snagged and removed from
society.
"Crash" legislation leavesno time for care-
ful thought, analysis or
dictatorship (do this or else laws) hastily
imposed.
Many will argue that "crash" legislation has
accomplished some good. Perhaps it has, but
at what price in dictatorship? And has it
cured the problem or its causes?
Note that our apathy toward the disaster
lies dormant until the cancer occurs, caus-
ing awareness and fear; so federal laws are
asked and the causes of the disaster still re-
main in need of treatment.
Currently, a "crash" extra six percent fed-
eral income surtax is sought besides all those
taxes imposed by the state legislature effec-
tive August 1.
Praise for Percy Housing Plan
guaranteed debentures. That capital would In substance, Mr. Speaker, this con-
then be loaned to nonprofit associations to ference bill will provide an average 5 per-
build or restore homes that could be sold at cent greatly needed cost-of-living in- -
not more than $12,500 on long-term'loans at crease in pension benefits for veterans
3% interest. The taxpayers' share would be and their survivors of all wars; authorize
limited to subsidizing the 3% interest sub- full wartime benefits for Vietnam era
sidy.
The benefits of the Percy program are veterans regardless of where they have
obvious. served; increase subsistence allowances
For one thing, it represents the only for- for veterans in college; initiate urgently-
mula through which many low-income fawn- required job training programs, and-ex-
ilies can ever approach home ownership with tend the Veterans' Administration home
the sense of pride and responsibility that loan guarantee program for World War
lie generally housing gcpr projmect, by wpanby w. ay of Moving conttrrasast, a pub- often II veterans for 3 years. There are sev-
commits such a large share of a low-income eral other provisions designed to im-
family's income that home ownership simply prove and balance our veterans benefits
vanishes forever as-a realizable goal. program that have already been fully
For another, what Senator Percy proposes and carefully explained by the distin-
could be a prime factor in reclaiming sub- guished chairman of the House Veterans'
standard neighborhoods and making them
habitable again. Affairs Committee and that need no fur-
Richard Cloward o; Columbia University's ther recitation.
Mr. Speaker, in accord with the advo-
in of Social Work cited some statistics
in an appearance before the Center for the cation of myself and a great many other
Study of Democratic Institutions not long Members of the House, I am gratified for
ago that create some serious doubts about the pledge inherent in this bill and em-
the scope of existing Federal housing phasized by our esteemed committee
programs. chairman that action will be taken in the
"Since .the public housing program was immediate future, in avoidance of some
legislated in 1933," Mr. Cloward notes, "some past confusion and misunderstanding, to
600,000 low-income housing units have been insure that any increases we may grant
have e de d- in social security payments will not de-
construction years alone urban renewal
andt' highwin 15 ay ay the con last
and
molished 700,000 low-rental units. If we add prive veterans and their widows and
to this figure the low-rental housing de- their families of any of the benefits au-
stroyed by various Federal mortgage and tax- thorized in this conference report.
abatement programs ... it is estimated that Mr. Speaker, perhaps there has never
probably one million low-income units have been a more opportune time in our his-
been destroyed in this 15-year period. tort for this Nation and this Congress to
"In the same period, urban renewal has demonstrate consciousness of the moral
built at the most 100,000 new units. So, in obligation we have and the patriotic
a little more than three decades the net loss
in low-income housing is probably about concern we feel toward our veterans and
250,000 units.... The same story has been their families. Let us, then, recognize this
repeated all over the nation: urban renewals opportunity thnational and promptly st approve this
bill in
that demolish low-income housing and new
EXTENSION OF REMARKS -
or
HON. ROBERT TAFT, JR.
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 8, 1967
Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, recently the
Cincinnati Enquirer commented edi-
torially on a bill introduced in the Sen-
ate by my friend from Illinois, Senator
CHARLES H.PERCY, and cosponsored in
the House by me. I commend the editorial
to the attention of all.
[From the Cincinnati Enquirer, Aug. 13,
19671
highways that run through the ghetto have
compressed people further and further into
fewer and fewer and worse and worse
buildings."
I twould take some expert exploration to
determine precisely the extent to which Sen-
ator Percy's National Home Ownership Foun-
dation could reverse the trends of the last
three decades. But it seems a creative con-
tribution to one of the nation's basic prob-
lems and deserves, as a result, considerably
more attention than it has received to date.
Conference Report on S. 16
Abl&i-Eban Sums Up 5-Week
Mideast Debate
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 21,1967
MULTER. Mr. Speaker, on July 21,
Mr
.
1967, Israel's Foreign Minister, Abba
Eban, presented his final speech before
the General Assembly of the United Na-
tions on the present crisis in the Middle
East.
While the Arabs are presently being
rearmed and are threatening to bring
war once again to the Middle East, Abba
Eban continued to stress Israel's wish for
r. just and lasting peace.
I commend to the attention of our col-
leagues the full text of Foreign Minister
Abba Eban's speech which appeared in
the July 27, 1967, issue of the American
Examiner.
The text follows:
ABBA EBAN SUMS UP 5-WEEK MIDEAST
WHY OVERLOOK THE PERCY PLAN? SPEECH
Administration supporters in Congress are of
engaged in a flurry of activity to step up the HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE
flow of Federal aid to the nation's big cities-
and in particular- to its low-income inhabi- OF MASSACHUSETTS
tants. None, however, has given more than
passing attention to the most ingenious IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
formula of its kind to find its way into the Thursday, August 17, 1967
legislative hopper in many years.
Onereason may be that its author is Sen. Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, I most
Charles H. Percy (R., Ill.), who has per- earnestly urge and hope that the House
formed the remarkable feat of enlisting every will speedily and overwhelmingly ap-
Senate Republican as a cosponsor. prove this conference report now before
Another may be that, unlike most legisla- us on S. 16, which provides a more equi-
tive proposals in the field, the Percy plan table and realistic extension of benefits
alm leans t exclusively upon private enter- to all our war veterans and their fam-
prise raatherther than government. overnment.
What Senator Percy is advocating, specifi- ilies.
carry, is the establishment of a National This conference report represents a
Foundation to provide mil- just compromise agreement of our per-
hi
p
Home Owners
lions of low-income Americans with the re- sistent congressional efforts to enact real NOT AN ACT OF ABDICATION
sources to buy their own homes as an alter- sonable legislation to justly liberalize Israel leaves the General Assembly with
proprojjeeects. to being herded into public housing pension benefits for older veterans and strengthened resolve to work for the attain-
Briefly put, the National Home Ownership simultaneously extend the full range of ment of a just and durable peace. The As-ly has
many
had
tension Foundation would raise as much as $2 bill our traditional wartime benefits to vet- a dbeven of veheme ce. omentreis no rea-
lion in private capital i4 ~ t1 ; 6f,& P69BO0369R000200290065-2
 Ai gust 21, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
son to regard the result as one of paralysis.
The rejection of unjust and Intemperate
charges against a Member State is not an act
of abdication; it is an act of considered
judgment.
Despite the intense and powerful pressure
brought to bear upon it, the General Assem-
bly has declined to violate justice or to be-
tray truth. Thus, it has refused to mirep-
resent Israel's fight for survival as "aggres-
sion." A majority of its Members have seen
the recent hostilities, In the long and sombre
context of the events which preceded them.
Nineteen years of implacable hostility
reached a climax in May 1967, when a small
State found itself encircled, besieged, block-
aded and openly menaced with destruction.
Nothing in contemporary history is com-
parable with the intense and virulent bel-
ligerency which has best Israel in the first
two decades of its independence. No other
State in our time has been required to live
on such a slender margin of security or in
the shadow of such a constant threat. When
the noose was tightened around its neck two
months ago, Israel's lonely resistence became
the only alternative to a disaster which
would have weighed intolerably upon the
conscience of mankind. For if. the openly
avowed plan of Israel's extinction had suc-
ceeded, there would have been nothing prac-
tical for the United Nations now to discuss.
Israel has in fact been denounced here by its
adversaries for having energetically refused
to die. The solid majority votes, first in the
Security Council and then in the General
Assembly, against the charge of Israeli ag-
gression, bear witness to the inherent sense
of justice and truth which has swept across
world opinion and found its echoes in this
hall.
TWO PROBLEMS The central theme discussed at this session
has been the relationship between two prob-
lems: the withdrawal of forces and the estab-
lishment of peace. The Soviet Union, the Arab
States and those closely associated with them,
have sought to establish a separation be-
tween these two concepts. Nearly all other
Members of the General Assembly declined
to endorse this separation. They saw the two
issues as integrally and inseparably linked.
They understood the dangers of restoring the
situation which had given rise to active hotil-
Lties. For there would have been no Middle
Eastern crisis had not Israel's right to peace,
to security, to sovereignty, to economic de-
velopment and to maritime freedom been
forcibly denied and aggressively attacked. It
is impossible to eliminate the symptoms of
the Middle Eastern tension while leaving its
basic causes intact.
That is the central lesson of this Assembly
for Middle Eastern States. The lesson is plain:
Member States which maintain a doctrine
and practice of war against another Member
State cannot receive from the United Nations
the help and consideration which they could
otherwise expect.
.mom
PRINCIPAL OF PEACE REJECTED
The General Assembly session has ended as
it has for one reason alone: that Arab States
and other refuse to tolerate any resolution
which speaks seriously of peace. That is the
onlZ reason why no resolution of a substan-
ti -.,., ter could be adopted. If the Arab
pt the principles of peace, there
y resolutions, but, what is more
meth
sion,
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signatories.
V.N. CHARTER
Under the Charter, Israel's neighbours owe
it the full recognition of its Independence
and statehood. Under the Charter, all Israel's
neighbours are committed to refrain from
the use of threat or use force against that
Statehood and that independence. Under the
Charter, all Arab States are bound to regard
Israel as a State endowed with sovereignty
equal to their own. Under the Charter, they
are pledged to practice tolerance and live
together with Israel as good neighbours, and
to harmonize their efforts with Israel's for
the maintenance of international peace and
security.
These are the principles of the Charter.
These are the accepted principles of interna-
tion coexistence and of regional security.
These are the principles which govern the
American hemispheric system and other sys-
tems of peaceful regional security and co-
operation.
Can anyone imagine that if Israel's neigh-
bours had guided their relations with Israel
by these principles we should be faced today
with a crisis which still afflicts the Middle
East and darkens the world? The strict appli-
cation of Charter relationship between sov-
ereign States is the beginning and the end
of international wisdom in the Middle East.
The replacement of the doctrine and prac-
tice of war by the doctrine and practice of
peace is the central issue. I repeat: the re-
placement of the doctrine and practice of
war by the doctrine and practice of peace is
the central issue. It cannot be evaded. It can-
not be sidetracked.
PEACE INSTEAD OF BELLIGERENCY
If it faced and solved, all other problems
fall into place. For if there is peace instead of
belligerency, such problems as the determi-
nation of agreed frontiers, the disengage-
ment of forces, abstention from the threat of
constant violence, and the normal use of in-
ternational waterways all find their solution
through the processes of peaceful settlement
which the Charter prescribes. It is impres-
sive to notice and to record how great a body
of opinion exists in favour of attempting not
a return to insecurity, nor a temporary pal-
liative, but a radical and permanent remedy.
TIME HAS COME
Once the Arab States acknowledge to Israel
those rights which all other Member States
acknowledge to each other, the foundations
of a peaceful Middle East will become firmly
laid. The time has come-indeed, it is long
overdue-to adapt the Arab-Israeli relation-
ship to the accepted rules of international
conduct amongst sovereign States. Many
delegations have understood and affirmed
that Israel's neighbours cannot at one and
the same time deny its sovereignty, threaten
its existence and refuse its basic rights to
peace and security while demanding that
Israel respect their sovereignty, their exist-
ence and their rights. The key to the Middle
Eastern future therefore lies in the principle
of reciprocity. Those who respect Israel's sov-
ereign interests and rights will encounter
from Israel a reciprocal respect of their rights
and their interests.
It remains for me to discuss the applica-
tion of these principles to the tasks which lie
ahead. The cease-fire has been instituted. It
must be meticulously. observed. Agreed ar-
rangements for its supervision are In force.
But the cease-fire is, of course, an interim
situation. It should be replaced as soon as
possible by an agreed and viable peace en-
suring security for all States. Peace should
be negotiated freely between the parties in
accordance with the procedures of pacific set-
tlement prescribed in our Charter.
ISRAEL STANDS READY
A 4245
In addition to the issues, which lie within
the responsibility of Middle Eastern States,
there are universal religious interests which
demand satisfaction .and respect and which
should be settled in consultation with those
directly concerned. It is our hope and our
policy that universal spiritual concerns in
the Holy City will find agreed expression.
The war of 1948 and the subsequent bel-
ligerency have created and perpetuated
humanitarion problems whose solution, as
experience shows, can, only be achieved in
the context of normal inter-State relations.
Hundreds of thousands of people-Arabs and
Jews-have been affected by the population
movements generated by two decades of war,
belligerency and hostility. The lesson of ex-
perience is clear. The conditions necessary
to transform homeless refugees into produc-
tive members of society can reach full expres-
sion only if there is peace. A situation in
which States are arrayed and embattled
against each other; in which the violent de-
struction of one State is the avowed policy
of others; in which an armaments race con-
sumes scarce economic resources; in which
refugees are envisaged by certain Govern-
ments as a spearhead for the destruction of a
sovereign State such a situation is not one
in which Government and international
agencies can successfully undertake enter-
prises of resettlement. Indeed, the clearest
of lesson of experience after twenty tor-
mented years is that nothing in Arab-Israel
relations is soluble without peace, while
everything is soluble with it.
While the main responsibility falls on
sovereign States within our region, States
outside the Middle East, especially the most
powerful amongst them, can do much to
affect our destiny for good or for ill. They
can affect it for good by respecting the
policy of non-intervention; by making an
equal distribution of their friendship; by
avoiding any identification with hostility;
by giving no indulgence to belligerency; and
by concerting their action with the States
of our region for the promotion of peace and
welfare.
UNIVERSAL HUMAN DESTINY
It was, after all, in the Middle East in
ancient times that the idea of a universal
human destiny was expressed with incom-
parable force. It is there, more than any-
where else, that the need is compelling for
a new atmosphere of relations on the inter-
national plane. Such new relationships are
urgently needed for the highest human ends.
There should be in the Middle East no belli-
gerents, no victors or vanquished, but only
the vision of peoples who have suffered
greatly through the err rs and illusions of
those who have rejected peace as though it
were an alien and forbidden word, to be
banished from the international vocabulary.
For the sake of countless people in the Mid-
dle East for whom there is no answer but
peace, the world community should continue
to set its face against the tensions and ran-
cours of the past two decades. It is in our
region that statemanship now faces its
heaviest challenge and its brightest oppor-
tunity. To meet the challenge and to fulfill
the opportunity will require the utmost ded-
ication of our hearts and minds.
Soviet Diplomacy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL JR.
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 21, 1967
e Charter to which we are all ine any proposals in an effort to reach mu- Speaker, as is the case in any undertak-
tual eemen t roportions, the U.S.
2R0~30: Z~
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ut)
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A4246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 21, 16fi i
foreign aid program has suffered its
share of abuse over the years, and in-
evitably many mistakes have been made
during the course of our expenditures
abroad. Nevertheless, an examination of
the history of the last two decades shows
an impressive list of accomplishments
which have resulted from our interna-
tional involvement.
West Berlin, Greece, and Korea mark
major victories against Russian at-
tempts at forced communization. Out of
44 countries in which there have been
Communist attempts at takeovers, only
six have actually turned Communist.
This is a remarkable record. Overall, in
view of what the world would look like
today if we had pursued a policy of con-
tented isolationism, I think we must
elude that our ilivestment has been very
worthwhile.
I am including for the RECORD an ar-
ticle from Time magazine on Russian
foreign policy since World War II which
I commend to the attention of all those
who are interested in the foreign aid
program. It documents clearly the many
beneficial effects that U.S. military and
monetary assistance` abroad has had.
THE UNEVEN RECORD OF SOVIET DIPLOMACY
tempt. While Korea was no victory for the
U.S., the stalemate that resulted prevented
the Russians from achieving their original
objective.
Cuba. In the cold war's tautest showdown,
John F. Kennedy forced Khrushchev's hand
by demanding the removal of Soviet missiles
from the Caribbean. Faced with the alterna-
tive of nuclear war, Khrushchev caved in.
Viet Nana. Though the U.S. is deeply and
painfully embroiled in Viet Nam, the South-
east Asian war has yielded scant prospect
of benefit for Moscow either. Kosygin and
Communist Boss Leonid Brezhnev, reversing
Khrushchev's policy of noninvolvement in
Southeast Asia, began aiding Hanoi early in
1965, when a Viet Cong victory seemed im-
minent. Large-scale U.S. intervention
thwarted their hopes of a quick, cheap vic-
tory and exposed Russia to the charge that
it yvill retreat from its involvement in any
war of national liberation if the stakes get
too high.
Russia can take some comfort from the di-
visions inside the Western Alliance and some
victories in minor skirmishes, such as the
U.C. backdown on the U.N. payments issue.
But perhaps the prime Soviet accomplish-
ment in recent years is that, compared to the
buccaneering days of Stalin, Russia has be-
come respectable as a world power. At home
it has shown a measure of liberalization, and
a pragmatic concern with prosperity that
policy has proved consistently costly, danger- Abroad, it has shown discretion in staving
ous and in large measure ineffectual. After off any major, nuclear East-West conflict.
World War II, the Soviet Union scored The 1966 Tashkent Declaration, In which
tremssidous gains, principally the Com- Russia acted as mediator between warring
munization of Eastern Europe accomplished India and Pakistan, symbolized this new So-
by the Red y In-due course, the West viet international respectability. But Moscow
was compell44 to acknowledge these gains has had great difficulty in translating this
and stop thin ing about "rolling back" Com- image into concrete influence, partly be-
munism. On th ther hand, Moscow's grip cause it seems basically divided as to its
on its satellites grew -dramatically weaker, ultimate aims. Is it to be a conventional big
And beyond its original 1 ofld War II con- power with global responsibilities and trade
quests, Moscow won virtually nothing in the interests, more or less unhampered by the old
way of further Communist takeovers, with Marxist goal of world revolution? Or is it to
the sole exception of Cuba. Quite apart from compete with Peking in the expensive and
Communism, Russia has achieved far less increasingly futile business of spreading dis-
than it has often been credited with in the order and rebellion?
more conventional, big-power style of spread- Russian leaders are torn between the two
ing influence, particularly in the "third policies. As a result, Russia has made scant
world," where its potential had once seemed headway along either course. Certainly, the
so menacing. Soviet's client states have grown increasingly
In almost every direct postwar confronta- skeptical of Moscow's interest in their cher-
tion with the West, Moscow backed off or ished "wars of liberation." By contrast, the
down. Major milestones: overwhelming U.S. commitment to South
Iran. When Stalin refused to withdraw Viet Nam has persuaded many nations in
Soviet troops from the country's northern Asia and elsewhere that Washington is will-
tier after World War II, U.S. and British pres- ing to support its commitments to the end.
sure, backed by the West's monopoly on nu-
clear arms, forced their unconditional
evacuation in 1946.
Greece & Turkey. Both nations faced take-
over in 1947-Greece from a savage struggle
with Communist' guerrillas, Turkey from
Russian pressure to annex its northeastern
territories and thereby force joint sovereignty
over the strategic Bosporus and Dardanelles.
The Truman Doctrine was chiefly responsible
for thwarting Moscow's goals in both coun-
tries.
Berlin. Moscow did its best to squeeze the
Allies (U.S., Britain, France) out of West Ber-
lin with the blockade in 1948-49. Truman's
characteristically spunky reply was the air-
lift, and another Soviet defeat. Again in 1959,
after Nikita Krushchev launched his rocket-
rattling "breakthrough" policy, the Russians
began threatening to sign a separate peace
treaty with East Germany, thereby isolating
and possibly dooming West Berlin. The threat
to Berlin, repeated in 1960 and 1962, was de-
fused by U.S. troop reinforcements. The
building of the Wall in 1961 to choke off the
flow of escapees was tacit admission of
failure.
Korea. Stalin thought that the southern
half of the divided country-a scant 120
Sixteenth Amendment Used as Weapon
Against Sierra Club
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ED REINECKE
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thirty words written In 1913 have now be-
come a federal weapon to silence citizen
groups. These 30 words are the 16th Amend-
ment that created Federal income tax.
In the millions of words that followed
the first 30, Washington recognized that
some groups operate in the public interest.
It was agreed that their income should not
be taxed. These are religious, charitable, sci-
entific, literary, and educational organiza-
tions. They are not supposed to devote a
"substantial" amount of their efforts to prop-
aganda or lobbying. Apparently, it is all right
to be "educational" but you can't spend a
lot of time "propagandizing." '
You can immediately see that the law is
subject to a wide range of interpretation.
What is "substantial" and what is not? What
is the difference between "educating" and
"propagandizing" or "lobbying"? These
would be difficult questions for most people.
However, they are not hard for the Internal
Revenue Service as you shall see.
A few years ago, the Department of the
Interior decided to build two dams in the
Grand Canyon. They would have destroyed
much of the primitive grandeur of that nat-
ural wonder. As usual, the Sierra Club stood
up to fight for preservation of the Canyon.
We say, "as usual," because the Sierra Club
is the leading conservationist group in
America. It has been for years. Supported by
many distinguished citizens, it has waged a
constant battle to save America's God-given
treasures. It does this by using the public
media to tell the story of conservation. It has
enlighted all of us about the glories of our
natural heritage. And, at least for now, the
battle it led to save the Grand Canyon, has
been won.
The Sierra Club's reward for this has been
two-fold. First, it has gained the gratitude
of millions of Americans. Second, it has had
its tax exemption revoked by the Internal
Revenue Service.
By doing this, the federal government has
frightened away much financial support for
the Club. It has cut in half what money the
Club does get to fight bureaucrats who
either don't know or don't care about con-
servation.
Although the Club has been operating for
years, Washington didn't move against it
until the administration lost the Grand
Canyon fight. The government might re-
spond to this by trotting out Section 501
of the Internal Revenue Code. But, that will
not answer the important questions here,
such as: Why are legal technicalities being
used against the Sierra Club after all these
years? Why only the Sierra Club-why not
the many other technical violators of the
law? What is the exact definition of the
words, "substantial," "educational," and,
"propaganda" as used in the law?
Washington may be technically correct-
and there is some doubt about this-but, if
it is, this is a classic case of being right for
the wrong reason. KNX urges you to write
to your Congressman today. Demand that
the tax-exempt status of the Sierra Club be
restored.
Monday, August 21,1967 Constructive Proposals of the GDP
Mr. REINECKE. Mr. Speaker, CBS
Radio, through its Los Angeles station
KNX, has made some clear statements
concerning the plight of the Sierra Club
in its battle with the Internal Revenue
Service. The IRS revoked its tax exemp-
tion as an educational institution, largely
because it opposed the Department of
miles from Japan-was ripe for plucking sic
in 1950. Truman's decision tAipnptrovee' or rce~eases2vbcd Ip i/v1 t CIA RDP69B0constructive statements on 0369R000200290065 urban prob-
the Interior proposal to build two dams
on the Grand Canyon.
Mr. Robert P. Sutton discusses this
Issue in his radio editorial of July 25,
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
OF MARYI, '1D
IN THE HOUSE OF Riii tsik- IVES
Monday, Aituf `,t, 1967
Mr. MATHIAS of li afy'Iarid. Mr.
Speaker, one of the most thoughtful and