THE ISRAEL VICTORY AND ARAB-RUSSIAN DOUBLE TALK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290062-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 62
• Publication Date: August 30, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

August 30,A1967ved For ReVMRS O /0A1L.JIYltPR9BR~00290062-5 A4413
heard of, to pick ~thefr schools, teachers, The fact is that Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia
studies, associates, friends and playmates. and Lebanon did not declare war on Ger-
Now are we going to continue to spend and many until February, 1945, when the war
live In luxury at their expense. or have we was little more than a mopping-up operation
already sold them into slavery? Remember by the allies. The Arab declarations of war
this is our childrens future we are molding were made in late February because attend-
and their money we are spending, not ours. ance at the forth-coming San Francisco con-
GEORGE BLACKMON. ference, setting up the United Nations, re-
quired a declaration of war on Germany no
later than March 1.
The only Arab state that played any
mili- tary role in the war was Transjordan, which
Doubletalk declared war on Germany as early as 1939.
Transjordan was totally dependent on Brit-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS~~ ish grants for Its existence, and its army, the
Arab Legion, was in effect a part of the Brit-
or ish Army, under British officers.
HON. THEODORE R. KUPFERMAN Iraq declared war on Germany in 1943 after
it was clear the Nazis were losing. Before
of uzw YORK that, pro-Nazi sentiment was powerful in
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Baghdad, and a Nazi puppet government was
installed there in 1941 under Rashid All, who
Wednesday, August 30, 1967 went so far as to declare war on Britain.
Mr. KUPFERMAN. Mr. Speaker, in Rashid Ali received congratulations from
statements so egregious that they could Arab leaders in Egypt (including King
two Farouk), Lebanon, and Syria. The latter per-
not be taken seriously, the heads of mitted German bombers and transports to
sovereign states, bent on the extermina- land on its fields while the Nazi regime lasted
tion of democracy in the Middle East, ac- in Baghdad.
cused Israel of Nazi methods. The whole temper of the Arab world before
They were joined by the Premier of the and d ring World War II was neutralist
o troops
Soviet Union, who undoubtedly knew best, August, z1940 i at worst. When Italian
Egyptian territory, at
better, but preferred to spout invective Egypt did not consider this a cause for war.
propaganda. The fighting was left to the British. Even
So that the record might be clear, I am General Erwin Rommel's invasion of Egypt,
pleased to bring to the attention of my in May, 1941, couldn't nudge the Egyptians
colleagues a careful analysis of the facts
in the bulletin of the Antidefamation
League of B'nai B'rith of September
1967. In an article by Sid Goldberg, en-
titled "The Grand Mufti and His
Friends," the history of collaboration be-
tween Arab leaders and Nazis is detailed.
The article follows:
THE GRAND MUFTI AND HIS FRIENDS
(By Sid Goldberg)
(NOTE.-Mr. Goldberg is editor of the North
American Newspaper Alliance, a major news-
paper syndicate.)
On June 20 President Nureddin El-Atassi
of Syria told the United Nations General AU-
the Jewish populations of America, Russia
and other countries beyond Hitler's reach.
All this would signify no more than the
ravings of one madman-except that the
Mufti was returned to his role after the war
as leader of the Palestine question. He di-
rected policy from a lavish and fortified home
in Cairo and, as one of the Arab delegates to
the United Nations in 1947 said, "the Mufti
is the irrefutable leader of the Holy Land
Arabs."
To this day none of the Arab leaders has
repudiated the Grand Mufti, or his pro-Nazi
assistants who worked with him in Berlin
during the war.
Nor is this tolerance of a Nazi in their
the "Hitlerite" Israelis, has given sanctuary
to hundreds of former Nazis, among them up
to 100 of Hitler's rocket and missile experts.
Also in Egypt, according to the latest in-
formation from the Anti-Defamation League,
are the following:
Colonel Naam Al-Nashar, formerly Leopold
Gleim, who was head of German security in
Poland. He arrived in Egypt in 1955 and or-
ganized the Egyptian security service along
Nazi lines.
Lt. Col. Ben Sala, formerly Bernard Ben-
der, a storm trooper still on the Polish list of
war criminals. He is head of the Jewish De-
partment of the Egyptian security service.
Hassan Soliman, formerly Heinrich Sell-
mann, wanted by West Germany for crimes
committed while he was Gestapo chief in
Ulm. He now holds a senior position in the
Secret Police in Cairo.
Col. Ahim Fahumi, formerly Dr. Heinrich
Willermann, wanted by West Germany for
sterilization experiments he conducted in
several Nazi concentration camps. He now
runs the Egyptian political prison at Samara,
near Alexandria.
Louis Al-Haj, formerly Louis Heiden, di-
rector of a Nazi press agency in Berlin. He is
now an adviser to President Nasser and it
was he who prepared a pocket-sized Arabic
translation of Mein Kampf for Egyptian
officers.
Ibraham Mustafa, formerly Joachim
Daemling, wanted by West Germany for
crimes committed in Dusseldorf while a
storm trooper there. He is an adviser to the
Cairo police on concentration camps.
All Mohammed, formerly George Brun-
ner, one of Eichmann's assistants, in charge
of deportation of Jews from Greece. He now
works in the Egyptian propaganda industry.
The list goes on and on. The Arabs, by
raising a "Nazi issue", convict only them-
selves
In World War II, 1,300,000 Jews were in
uniform in the Allied Armies. In Palestine,
85,800 Jewish men and 50,400 Jewish women
volunteered for war service; 27,028 Palestine
Jews served with the British forces in vari-
ous Middle East, North African and Euro-
pean fronts, many in the most hazardous
missions.
What made a mockery of the United
Nations "debate" was that the Communists
and Arabs well know their respective roles
in World War II. Their statements in the
General Assembly would have made Joseph
Goebbels proud. Dr. Goebbels, incidentally
was royally welcomed in Cairo on the eve
of the war.
sembly that "The Arab people is indeed be- He praised them as the "cream of Islam" and
termminatiotioon n today to an operation of ex- they were dispatched to the Eastern front in
ter surpassing in dimensions nsions what the Caucasus to stir Soviet Moslems into an
the Nazis did." anti-Communist crusade. Some 3,000 of these
' The day A. p Mufti troops were held prisoners of war as
that t the Soviet et Union on behavior told "brings the ha s he to same mind group the late as 1946 in Camp Opelika, Alabama.
t
heinous crimes perpetrated by the Fascists The Grand Mufti was among the most pop-
during World War II." ular Arab leaders before, during and after
Radio Cairo compared Israeli administra- the war. So effective was his hate-sputtering
tors in Gaza to "Nazi Gauleiters." Other Arab oratory that few if any Arab leaders dared
and Soviet propaganda mills referred to the oppose him. As spiritual and political leader
"Hitlerite death merchants" of Israel, to of the Palestine Arabs he had learned to hate
"Moshe Dayan's storm troopers," and to what Jews in the '20's and '30's as their numbers
they charged were "Zionist plans for geno- increased in the land of Zion.
cide." Now 71 and last reported-in March of this
The irony, of course, is that thousands of year-to be in Old Jerusalem, the Mufti had
Israelis are the sole survivors of families that been Hitler's chief advisor on Arab affairs
vanished in the Nazi furnaces. But doubly and the friend and confidante of Adolf Eich-
ironic is the fact that the Soviet and Arab mann.
accusers of Israel stand guilty of their own Gideon Hausner, chief prosecutor. at the
charges. Eichmann trial in Israel, established that
It was Soviet Russia that signed a non- "the Mufti asked Gestapo Chief Heinrich
aggression pact with Nazi Germany in 1939. Himmler to provide him, after the war, when
a pact which was ultimately broken by Ger- h
nter Jerusalem at the head of
n
l
d t
an
e
o e
e p
many, not Russia. Some of the other comf the axis troops, with a 'special adviser' from Paul Bedford: 1875-1967
f
munist countries which accused Israel o
Eichmann's department to help him solve
"wat 'v the Hitlerite path" also know that
the Jewish question in the same way as it
route `very well. Hungary, Rumania, Bul- had been done in the axis countries. Eich-
garia, Albania and Slovakia not only were mann offered the job to his assistant, Dieter
allies of Nazi Germany-in World War II but
had native Nazi movements that vied in Wisliceny."
viciousness with the German. The Grand Mufti spread his anti-Jewish
What is less known is the record of the` venom throughout the war over radio Berlin.
Arabs irk World War II. 'President EI-Atassi He praised the Germans for "knowing how to
told the General Assembly, "the Arabs 16u lit. get rid of Jews." He urged his Arab listeners
in both world wars and contributed to the to "kill the Jews wherever you find them."
liberation of Europe from Nazism and to He gave the number of Jews "still to be dealt
the realization of allied victory." with" (in 1.944) as 11 million, representing
f
into a declaration of war. And so strong was
the pro-Nazi sentiment in Egypt that when
Premier Ahmed Maher did declare war-on
February 24, 1945-he was assassinated while
reading the Royal Decree. __
Arab fighting during World War II was on
the side of the Nazis. Several thousand Arab
volunteers were mobilized into Nazi units by
the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Hitler's man
in the Middle East. The Mufti (Haj Amin El-
Husseini) who operated out of Berlin from
1941 to 1945, organized his pro-Nazi Arabs
into sabotage squads, espionage cells and a
fighting unit called the Arab Legion.
The Mufti also helped organize the Mos-
lems of Bosnia and other Balkan areas into
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 30, 1967
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, earlier this
month one of the most distinguished men
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 A 4414 Approved r l ?qRj/ 1fflOD -R APPENDIXR000200 August 30, 1967
in my congressional district passed away
at the age of 92, the Honorable Paul Bed-
ford.
The Wilkes-Barre Times Leader Eve-
ning News in its edition of August 17,
1967, said editorially:
Essentially, his was a life of service. Aside
from his profession, as well as education,
banking and business interests, he served his
community and country in many capacities
when a man of his vast private interests
might have begged off. But that would not
have been Paul Bedford, the dedicated public
official in peace and war. He loved the America
of his forebears and demonstrated it on so
many occasions when he shared his time and
talents as duty called.
Having known well Paul Bedford for
the many years that I did, I heartily con-
cur in these sentiments.
Those who are and have been associ-
ated with Princeton University, his alma
!mater, will remember him kindly for the
enormous contributions he made during
his lifetime to that distinguished univer-
sity.
And all of us in Wilkes-Barre and vi-
cinity will remember him with equal af-
fection for his contributions to a better
life for all of the citizens in that area.
As part of my remarks today, Mr.
,Speaker, I include a news article of Au-
gust 16, 1967, as well as an editorial of
August 17 on the death of Attorney Bed-
ford which appeared in the Wilkes-
Barre Times Leader Evening News.
The aforementioned articles follow:
ATTORNEY PAUL BEDFORD, 92, IS CLAIMED BY
DEATH
Attorney Paul Bedford, 92, of 96 West South
Street, Wilkes-Barre, died this afternoon at 1
In Mercy Hospital where he was admitted
June 30 as a medical patient. He had been
ill since June 15, when he was stricken while
attending the 70th anniversary reunion of
his class at Princeton University. He was a
patient at the University of Pennsylvania
Hospital, Philadelphia, prior to being trans-
ferred to Mercy Hospital.
Attorney Bedford was widely known as a
corporation lawyer, banker and benefactor.
He was chief counsel for the Delaware & Hud-
son Railroad, succeeding his father, George
Bedford, who filled that position from 1883
until his retirement in 1913, and the Vulcan
Iron Works, Wilkes-Barre.
He recently retired as chief counsel and
board member of the D & H and also ended a
long tenure as chief counsel of the Miners
National Bank of Wilkes-Barre where he was
senior member of the board.
Among his many gifts to the community,
church, and colleges, are the athletic field for
intramural sports and a new building for
the music department at Princeton. He also
assisted his wife, the late Gertrude Vaughn
Bedford, in the operation of the Wheel Chair
Club, Inc., now a world wide organization in
charge of the Kiwanis Club of Wilkes-Barre.
LAW DEGREE IN 1899
Born June 24, 1875 in Wilkes-Barre, he was
educated at the Harry Hillman Academy,
ment for Revision of Taxes in Luzerne ones for associates and other intimates who
County. knew him as the genial host or guest, as the
During World War I he was assistant so- occasion might be, in his leisure moments
licitor of the United States Railroad Ad- when he was such a delightful companion.
ministration, a Four-Minute Man in the Lib- He was indeed a complete life and extended
erty Loan and Red Cross campaigns and a into so many fields it is difficult to cover.them
member of the Legal Advisory adequately.
Atty. Bedford was honore a life tl'ustee A man, whose roots were deep in the soil of
of the Mercy Hospital, rst Presbyterian colonial America, in hie person the glorious
Church, Osterhout Library, all of Wilkes- past of the country was linked with its prom-
Barre and served as p resident of the Home !sing future. For 70 of his adult years, he
for the Friendless Cildren and a board made a substantial contribution to its better-
member of the Pennsylvania Association for ment.
the Blind. Essentially, his was a life of service. Aside
He became a member of the board of from his profession, as well as education,
trustees of Princeton University in 1930 and banking and business interests, he served his
served on the athletic council and moti- community and country in many capacities
vated the program for the establishment of when a man of his vast private interests
a music appreciation course at the institu- might have begged off. But that would not
tion of higher learning. have been Paul Bedford, the dedicated public
On the occasion of his 80th birthday, official in peace and war. He loved the Amer-
Friends of Music at Princeton University ica of his forebears and demonstrated it on so
honored him with a concert on the campus. manyoccasions when he shared his time and
L/ONATED ATHLETIC FIELD talents as duty called.
He donated the athletic field bearing his Athough he was-a "native-born Democrat"
name for use in intramural sports by Prince- by his own words and served his party in
ton students "To give every student .who is the Commonwealth and nationally, he was
unable to play on varsity teams a chance for anindependent in politics, more or less, in
healthful recreation." He also was chairman his later years, always putting the public
of the , music committee of the board of welfare before personal considerations and
He held the distinction of having served
as chairman of the commencement Com-
mitteq at Princeton University for more than
a decade and served on the Graduate Coun-
cil since 1921. He was a former president
andmecretary-treasurer of the Princeton
Alu i Association and a member of the
Nassa and Elm Clubs and the Princeton
clubs f Philadelphia and Northeastern
PennsyI aria.
He wa also affiliated with the Bankers
Club of w York City, the Westmoreland
Club, Wilke arre; Scranton Club, Scran-
ton; Zeta Psi aternity; American Bar As-
sociation, Pennsia Bar Association and
the Law and Library `Association of Luzerne
County.
He often times described `k4nself as "a
native-born Democrat" and served' a mem-
ber of the Democratic State Commi a and
the finance committee of the National m-
ocratic organization. In his later years, lie
r
f
d
Princeton were so extensive that he easily
qualified for the accolade of philanthropist.
The public, through the Community Welfare
Federation, predecessor of the United Fund,
was deeply indebted to him for leadership
when it came upon difficult days. He also
shared his wife's interests in the interna-
tionally known Wheelchair Club she founded
and played a leading role in it behind the
scenes.
There is far more to be told about Paul
Bedford, as the files of this newspaper and
the official records will testify. At Princeton,
for example, he held a dozen offices, and his
activities could fill a book in themselves.
So long as there is a Wilkes-Barre, a
Princeton University or even a world, the
names of Paul and Gertrude Vaughn Bed-
ford will be remembered with respect and
gratitude. Even though death has come in-
evitably to both, they will live on in their
d
k
o
wor
s and achievements, as well as in
p
e
erre
o
to give his support to men and g
\ the hearts of uncounted thousands. -
issues
not
arties
nd
l
tf
"
,
p
a
p
orms,
a
and be-
came an independent.
Upon the death of Mayor Daniel Hart of
Wilkes-Barre, Atty. Bedford was assured the
appointment to complete the unexpired term
of the city's famed playwright mayor but
declined the offer. He has previously directed
the Community "War" Chest at a time de-
scribed "as one of the most difficult periods
in the history of the organization" and was
credited with restoring it to a stable unit.
The organization was a combination of the
Community Welfare Federation and the Na-
tional Ward Fund which he consolidated in
the 1943 campaign.
Election Observers
TENSION OF REMARKS
\HON. JACK BROOKS
IN "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 30, 1967
the
omin
ll
d L
..d
g .a
ey an
uzerne and ras
County regions for more than a century and
a half, Atty. Bedford was recognized as one Crying t
of the leading lawyers and financiers of his ham. IN
Wij:kes-Barre, and was graduated from DISTINGUISHED NATIVE SON,
Princeton in 1897. He received his law degree 1875-1967
in 1899 at the University of Pennsylvania Although Paul Bedford's life had run its
Law -School. He was admitted to the Luzerne full course at 92, it will be particularly dim-
County Bar July 14, 1900 and immediately cult for his native Wilkes-Barre and his-be-
began his law practice with his father in the loved alma mater, Princeton University, to
Miners National Bank building, Wilkes-Barre. bid farewell to so distinguished a native son
The law firm of Bedford, Jones, McGuigan in the one instance and to so loyal an alum-
and Waller was one of the most famous corpo- nus In the other.
ration law firms of the day. Attorney Bedford In New York and Philadelphia, in towns
was senior member of the firm now known as big and small, in the legal profesion where he
Bedford, Wailer, Griffith, Darling, and was a towering figure for 67 years, in banking
Mitchell. He became assistant district attor- and railroad circles, he will be missed, for he
ney of Luzerne County in 1913 and in 1921 was nationally known.
was elected President of the Board of Assess- Above all, his vacant chair wip revive mem-
OOKS. Mr. Speaker, recently
been an outbreak of charges
statements by individuals de-
e forthcoming elections in Viet-
ile these purveyors of vague al-
s have no basis of expertise other
eir own self-proclaimed infalli-
nldia.
In order to remove'this confusion and
'to insure a valid evalution of the fairness
and effectiveness of the election process
in South Vietnam, President Johnson has
dispatched a bipartisan committee to ob-
serve and to make their report to the
American people. This delegation of out-
standing Americans from all walksof life
will contribute substantially to setting
the record clear as to the true facts of
this important election,
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August 30, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
cent place for 4merican investment, and I
have said so far and wide in the United
States. The Australian Government's en-
couragement of American investment has
produced splendid results for both Austra-
lians and Americans. Your Government gives
us a fair go, and I don't think any young
Australian in this room will ever regret it.
.A NEW HERO FROM VIETNAM
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, several
weeks ago the San Antonio Sunday Light
published a front page article about a
new breed of hero newly returned from
Vietnam. .
The hero is Nemo, a German Shepherd
whose fighting ability saved the life of
his handler.
I ask that Ron White's article on Nemo
be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
NEMO'S A HERO-VIET VETERAN SAYS ACTION
WAS "RUFF("
(By Ron White)
The returning Vietnam hero climbed down
the ramp of the 0124 Globemaster that
touched down on Kelly Air Force Base's run-
way Saturday.
How was it in Vietnam, the battle-scarred
veteran was asked.
"Ruff," he growled.
For Nemo, a German Shepherd credited
with saving his handler's life while the dog
was suffering from a serious head wound,
Vietnam had indeed been rough.
But his fighting days are now over, and
he has come home.
CANINE HERO
Waiting to honor Nemo as the first canine
hero of Vietnam were Capt. Robert M. Sulli-
van, officer in charge of sentry dog training
at Lackland AFB, several Air Force veteri-
narians and other officers.
A sleek 4-year-old when he first arrived in
Vietnam January, 1966, Nemo Saturday wore
the scars that proved he had done his share
of the fighting during his year in Southeast
Asia.
His right eye is missing and a scar runs
from under his right eye to his mouth.
The scars are a result of a wound Nemo
suffered when he and his handler, Airman
1.C. Robert A. Throneburg, were dispatched in
December, 1966, to ferret out Viet Cong in-
filtrators hiding inside the boundaries of Tan
Son Nhut Air Base near Saigon.
FIND VIET CONG
In the early morning darkness, Nemo led
Throneburg to four Viet Cong hiding in a
cemetery about a quarter of a mile from the
runways.
"Watch him," Throneburg commanded
Nemo.
Then the order: "Get him."
Nemo and Throneburg lunged into the
enemy soldiers' hiding place and, before a
bullet felled Nemo, the airman and his dog,
had killed two of the infiltrators.
Other security guards then finished off the
other two Viet Cong.
- SAVED LIFE
Nemo was credited with saving the life of
Throneburg, now recuperating from his
wound, and with helping to halt the infiltra-
tion.
The sentry dog was treated by the base
veterinarian at Tan Son Nhut. The veteri-
narian performed skin grafts on his face and
a tracheotomy to help him breathe, and had
to remove the dog's eye.
Saturday, however, Nemo pranced friskily
as his new handler, Airman 2.C. Melvin W.
Bryant, led him from the plane to where
veterinarians were waiting to give him the
last of several examinations Nemo has re-
ceived at every landing on his trip from
Vietnam.
Having served his time in hell, Nemo is
now back at Lackland, where he first received
sentry dog training, to "retire with honor."
PERMANENT KENNEL
Retirement for an honored sentry, dog
means a permanent kennel, immaculate and
newly painted, near the veterinary facility.
Over the kennel will hang a sign with Nemo's
name, serial number and details of his ex-
ploit.
Sullivan believes that by staying at Lack-
land, Nemo will continue to help other sentry
dogs and their handlers.
"I think our seeing him around here-
feeling the tradition he represents-will im-
press these students more than anything else
we can tell them," Sullivan said.
"I have to keep from getting involved with
the individual dogs in this program, but I
can't help feeling a little emotional about
this dog. He shows how really valuable a dog
is to his handler in staying alive."
OV
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. `President,
the Egyptian dictator, Nasser, conceives
himself as leader of the Arab world, a'
20th century Saladin. Yet, in the recent
war, the Israelis wrapped him up in 4
days.
This petty tyrant ordered the use of
poison gas against other Arabs in the
civil war in Yemen, in which Egypt has
been involved for more than 4 years. The
International Red Cross recently re-
ported that hundreds of Arab civilians
in Yemen were killed by poison gas
bombs dropped from Egyptian airplanes.
Our State Department condemned this
Inhumane action as contrary to interna-
tional law and simple human decency.
Mr. President, Nasser's unbridled am-
bition has brought his country to the
brink of bankruptcy and the world t9
the brink of total war. This sandlot Hitler
has used poison gas, something that even
Hitler never did. Even more ironic, he
has been using this horrible wgapon
against his own people. This hypocrite
sheds crocodile tears over Arab refugees,
whom he will not lift a finger to help,
and at the same time unleashes deadly
gases on Yemeni villagers.
U.S. RECORD OF LEADERSHIP IN
HUMAN RIGHTS HAS BEEN SUL-
LIED BY SENATE INACTION ON
HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS
i
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the
birth of the United States was announced
by a profound human rights document-
the Declaration of Independence.
It was effective U.S. leadership at the
1945 San Francisco Conference which
led directly to the inclusion in the U.N.
Charter of a strong endorsement of in-
ternational promotion of human rights.
The U.S. delegation pushed hard for
the human rights section in the United
Nations Charter, because our delegates
wisely recognized that unchecked domes-
tic oppression too frequently grows into
unprovoked foreign aggression, as dem-
onstrated by the Axis Powers.
Our U.S. delegates were also vitally
aware that the denial of human rights
and human dignity creates a prime
S 12601
source of potential conflict and a threat
to international peace.
Twenty-two years ago, the United
States led in the worldwide struggle for
human rights. But today, the United
States stands alone with the Union of
South Africa among charter members
of the United Nations which have failed
to ratify a single human rights conven-
tion.
I believe that Americans overwhelm-
ingly, support international standards of
human dignity. We rightly cherish our
own freedoms as Americans, but we agree
with the ageless wisdom of the Great
Emancipator when he said:
As I would not be a slave, so I would not
be a master.
Americans want for other people those
freedoms which have made America both
the envy and the example of so many
nations.
But cynical voices are raised in objec-
tion to these conventions. They ask:
What can they accomplish and why do
we need them when our own laws already
guarantee these rights?
Mr. President, my answer to these
critics is this: The United States has as
its stated foreign policy objective: the
promotion of peace and freedom. Human
rights and peace are intimately related
and historically interdependent. Where
human rights are secure, peace is attend-
ant. When the human rights of any peo-
ple are threatened, peace itself is in
jeopardy.
Perhaps the human rights conventions
do not have a binding enforcement power
behind them. Violators will not be sen-
tenced to any international prison. But
these conventions go a long way toward
establishing a universal consensus on hu-
man rights and human dignity. And in so
doing they carry with them the consid-
erable influence of moral persuasion.
Maybe that sounds somewhat idealistic
and optimistic to some but I, for one,
subscribe to Woodrow Wilson's classic
answer to the charge of idealism:
Sometimes people call me an idealist. Well,
that is the way I know I am an American.
America is the only idealistic nation in the
world.
I once again urge the Senate to give
its advice and consent to the Human
Rights Conventions on Forced Labor,
Freedom of Association, Genocide, Politi-
cal Rights of Women, and Slavery.
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPIC
ACTIVITY
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, many
thousands of people in the United States
have the means as well as the desire to
engage in philanthropic activity. In a
very real way these men and women
possessed with charitable ideals are
overlooked-or perhaps I should say
their works are overlooked-in our pub-
lic searching for solutions to social prob-
lems. Too seldom is it remembered that
men of wealth have historically shoul-
dered responsibility for laudable social
goals such as education and for social
problems such as aleviation of the diffi-
culties of society's unfortunates, and that
they continue today their considerable
r
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30, 1967
efforts. Such a man is Stewart Morris of
Houston.
The Houston Chronicle, in a recent is-
sue, published a short biography of Stew-
art Morris, one of that city's most dis-
tinguished and valued leaders. I am
pleased to count him as a valued friend
and he is indeed worthy of the fine write-
up which appeared in the Chronicle.
As in Stewart Morris' case, private
charity is personal and, I believe, dollar
for dollar, more effective than imper-
sonal welfare programs. Such tax fi-
nanced programs are not charitable since
there is no relationship between the
donor and the recipient-no hope for
the recipient to live up to. Perhaps per-
sonal involvement and the establishment
of personal relationships is the answer to
our grave contemporary problems.
I ask that the Chronicle's article be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows :
HELPING MANKIND MORE IMPORTANT THAN
RICHES TO STEWART MORRIS
(By Zarko Franks)
For the rich, the cross of responsibility to
mankind is perhaps the heaviest cross of all.
A- rich man named Stewart Morris said it
in a rare mood of self-analysis.
His life, obviously shaped by the influence
of a father who sought to aid the unfortu-
nate, is aimed at making a contribution to
his fellow man.
"Any fool can make a living," says Morris,
an attorney and executive of a title guaran-
ty firm, "But each man must ask himself:
'What contribution can I make to the
society in which I live?' "
As chairman of the board of Houston Bap-
tist College in Sharpstown, Morris says he
believes he is fulfilling a need in this com-
munity.
The need, as he sees it, is an institution
dedicated to the development of character
and to the perpetuation of Christian ideals.
Morris, intense and righteous, pulls no
punches In defining the type of student or
faculty the college desires.
"We believe in academic freedom, yes," he
says, "But within the framework of our pre-
cepts."
The barefoot long-hair, the symbol of to-
clay's so-called hippie, bleachie or beachie,
need not apply. -
"The unwashed we don't want," he says.
He described Houston Baptist College as a
"Christian liberal arts college."
Its graduates, he hopes, "will be so brain-
washed in Christian ideals and our Ameri-
can heritage" that they will carry their way
of life and thinking "into our public schools
as teachers and into business careers."
A Houston banker, John Whitmore, presi-
dent of the Texas National Bank of Com-
merce, describes Morris as an "imaginative
businessman and a devoted churchman ded-
icated to his religion."
Morris was the financial brains behind
acquisition of the Baptist college.
He negotiated a $760,000 loan from Rice
tiniversity to buy 390 acres. Later, 200 acres
were subdivided and sold for enough to pay
off the loan.
The role of men such as Rex Baker Sr., Jake
Ramin and Donald McGregor in founding
the college cannot be minimized but Morris
is seen as the major force behind the estab-
l;.shment of the institution.
"We borrowed the money from Rice," he
says, "to give us sanction from a great uni-
versity in our aim to establish a first class
liberal arts college."
He admits that "we have a high-button-
shoe philosophy" at Houston Baptist, "but
we don't believe the teaching of a Christian
way of life can ever become old-fashioned."
A friend said of Morris:
"He's a non-drinking Baptist. He has his
strait-laced convictions and lives by them.
You have to admire him for it."
Strait-laced he may be, but Morris has
the grace to tell a Baptist story and laugh
at it-and at himself. Such grace has been
the savior of many a man.
He's the son of the late W. C. and Willie
Stewart Morris. His mother was a sister of
Macc Stewart who established Stewart Title
Co., in 1896.
His father was one of tle founders of the
Star of Hope Mission, ' sanctuary for so-
ciety's derelicts, the skjd row habitues.
For 30 years W. C. .Morris was president
of the missions. Stewart, treading his father's
footsteps, is a trustee of the mission.
His father also was one of the founders
of Goodwill Industries, an organization
whose aim is to Old the physically handi-
capped to become productive.
The son, molde in the father's image, be-
lieves the ultimate aim of life is more than
storing up treasures in this world.
No one will dispute that Stewart Morris,
a pale-eyed main with thinning blond hair,
has succeededin achieving what the world
President
Stewart Tru
vestment Co
ese credentials:
Stewart Title Co; president of
Co., president of Admiral In-
Inc.; partner in the law firm of
ini, Harris, McCanne & Lacas;
companies, financing is
e construction in at least
LAND DEVEIQPPMENT
Land development, a banes, said of him, is
"He is as well informed in the ar of land
development as any man I know," sa Whit-
more of Texas National Bank of Comme e.
Stewart Title Co, was primarily a Te s
the firm's founder, joined hands and began
the expansion move to make the firm a giant
in its field,
Stewart Morris's love for land and its
potential is reflected in his acquisition of 61
acres of an island bounded by the waters of
the Guadalupe and a dam In McQueeney
between Seguin and New Braunfels.
He developed the acreage reserving a choice
site for his own summer home.
LBJ COUNTRY
He bought 1,000 acres in Blanco, south of
Johnson City, where the President lived as a
boy.
Keen business acumen again is reflected in
his reason for buying the acreage.
"Texas land values will continue to in-
crease. This is my hedge against inflation."
Morris and his wife, Joella, and their three
children, Carlotta, 19, Stewart Jr., 18, and
Caralisa, 14, live at 5 E. Rivercrest off West-
heimer.
His working schedule at offices in the
Guaranty Bldg., Caroline and Rusk, is 8
a.m, until 8 p.m., five days a week, and "look-
ing at land" on Saturdays.
FLIES OWN PLANE
The business empire is sufficiently diversi-
fied to include the 250-room Southland Hotel
in Dallas and a housing development in
Nassau Bay.
Stewart Morris has a hobby: He collects
horse-drawn carriages. But, outside his busi-
ness, his consuming interest is Houston
Baptist College.
"Education is an early maturity, he says,
"Our aim at the college is to expose our
students to the refinements of gracious
living, good architecture, good furniture, and
the over-riding ingredient of Christian
thinking."
IT'S A CRIME TO MAKE CRIME A
POLITICAL ISSUE
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, I am dis-
tressed over recent political sniping
about crime, for crime knows no politics.
Meaningful discussions are a healthy
thing, but finger pointing is not construc-
tive.
A~ the days roll by, more and more of
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD is devoted to
statement, speeches, and editorials on
crime. All responsible Americans deplore
the crime situation in our Nation. Our
daily mail reflects ever-increasing con-
cern. All of this will serve a useful pur-
pose, if, and only if, it spurs the Congress
into an all-out bipartisan investigation of
the causes of crime. Fragmented, piece-
meal approaches to the problem will not
suffice. To legislate intelligently against
crime, Congress must coordinate all
available information and its own efforts.
My bill, Senate Joint Resolution 94, to
create a Joint Committee To Investigate
Crime is cosponsored by 20 Senators
from both sides of the aisle. A companion
resolution was introduced by Congress-
man PEPPER On the House side and it too
has bipartisan support.
The joint committee we propose would
investigate all aspects of crime on a con-
tinuing long-range basis and provide the
Congress with the badly needed coordi-
nation I speak of.
We should not become preoccupied
ith the experts in irresponsibility such
should be sternly dealt with by the law.
W' should not allow crime to become a
pot tical matter. It deserves thoughtful
attention of all of us. We should not look
at organized crime only or separately;
we Ahould not look at riots only or sep-
arat ly; we should not look at crime on
the streets only or separately.
If Iwe are to effectively get at this na-
tion 1 problem, what we should do is look
at a whole picture on a bipartisan
r. President, Senate Joint Resolu-
tio 94 is the vehicle to achieve such a
go . I urge immediate favorable consid-
er tion n of this bill.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD two editorials, one
from the Washington Post of August 30,
11967, the second from the church news
/section of the Deseret News of August
26, 1967.
There being no objection, the items
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
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D 69B00369R000200290062-5
August 30, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
At 10:45 p.m., the precise time when the
Chinese ultimatum expired the crowd
erupted into overt violence, according to dip-
lomats living near the British compound.
Arthus Veysey, Chicago Tribune, August
23, 1967 (London dateline) :
"Britain imediately forbade all Chinese
officials here from leaving the country.
"Britain, in effect, is holding the Chinese,
who number between 50 and 60, as hostages
for the safety of the 25 British diplomats
and their wives and children in Peking.
"The British clampdown includes members
of the Chinese embassy, the Chinese news
agency, the Bank of China, and all official
trade missions."
New York Times, August 23, 1967, edition:
"The crucial questions about the Hong
Kong crisis must be these: Are Peking's Com-
munist leaders any longer capable of rational
behavior? Is China still a functioning coun-
try?
"There is no rational reason why Peking
should force a showdown with Britain over
the closing of three obscure Hong Kong
Communist newspapers and the arrest on
sedition charges of five of their executives,"
"Yet, Communist riots have erupted regu-
larly in Hong Kong 'since May 11 and have
increased in ferocity recently with constant
verbal and occasional physical support from
China. The sacking of the British mission in
Peking and the attempted humiliation of its
personnel yesterday after London's rejec-
tion of an ultimatum on Hong Kong brings
the situation to the acute stage.
"What is Mao's game? Or is Mao really in
charge, calling the shots that not only have
provoked crisis with Britain but strained
relations with Moscow almost to the breaking
point?, When the demonstrations began,
Western experts believed Peking's goal was
to wrest from the British as many as possible
of the concessions it had earlier extorted
from the Portuguese Government of Macao.
Now the question must be asked whether the
Chinese objective is not the destruction of
the Crown Colony.
"An aging Mao might see in this drastic
act a means of reuniting Chinese and allevi-
ating the internal convulsion caused by the
cultural revolution. It might even be that the
anarchic situation inside China-the fact
that it is not 'a functioning country'-
could bring on a move by extremists against
Hong Kong that Mao could not prevent.
"The trouble is that the West simply can-
not fathom the action of China's Commu-
nist leaders at this critical juncture, much
less know that rational calculations play any
part in their behavior. Predicting Peking's
course is as hazardous in Hong Kong as it is
in Vietnam."
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, for those
who still believe-although their num-
bers are rapidly decreasing-that the
Chinese Communists are simply "agrar-
ian reformers," as we were once told by
high authority, I would recommend a
steady diet of reading the news reports
describing how China's so-called West-
ern friends are being treated in Peking
and other mainland cities of China. Hav-
ing done that, they can then return to
their collateral lines of trying to con-
vince Americans that aggressive commu-
nism has changed its form in Russia and
that the global plans of the men in the
Kremlin.&hould be respected as sincere
.expressions of good will while we ignore
the military support the Russian Com-
munists are providing our enemy in Viet-
nam and to Egypt and other aggressive
Arab States in the Mideast.
FIRST STEPS TOWARD ARAB-
ISRAEL RECONCILIATION
Mr. MCINTYRE.'Mr. President, while
the crisis in the Middle East is in no way
over, there are signs that the Arabs and
Israelis are beginning to take the first
small steps toward some form of
reconciliation.
It would be naive to predict that the
recent war in-the Middle East and the
humiliating defeat of the Arabs will, by
some miracle, bring about a new era of
harmony and "togetherness," but both
sides do appear to be arriving at the
conclusion that there are mutual advan-
tages to some form of cooperation.
The barrage of propaganda and name
calling will no doubt continue. But if
peace is ever to come to the Middle East,
both sides must seek new ways to settle
their differences, acknowledge the terri-
torial integrity of Israel, and work to-
gether to solve problems which are com-
mon both to the Israelis and the Arabs.
And editorial published in this morn-
ing's New York Times reports on some
of the first small signs that the Israelis
and the Arabs are beginning to move to-
ward some areas of reconciliation.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MELTING ICE IN THE MIDEAST
The Middle East seems to be beginning the
long, hard, devious process of settling down
after the war in June. The positions of Arabs
and Israelis in those early weeks, at first un-
bridgeable and inflexible, are thawing just a
little.
Now the Israelis are going to allow some
Jordanian refugees to return after the orig-
inal deadline, which had been set for to-
morrow. This seems to apply only to those
whose applications have already been ap-
proved-some 10,000 out of a total that must
be well over 100,000. The Israelis are afraid
of letting in resistance fighters. However,
having taken this first sensible and humani-
tarian step, Israel may be induced to take
others later.
Meanwhile, leaders from all thirteen Arab
states are meeting in Khartoum. The split be-
tween the moderate and extremist states is
shown by the fact that the hardline countries
of Syria and Algeria, as well as the moderate
Tunisia and Morocco, have not sent their
heads of state. The agenda is a tough one:
"To erase the consequences of Israeli aggres-
sion" and to take steps to retaliate against
"Israeli's Western friends."
All the same, there is much talk of offering
a peace plan, although it is still a long dis-
tance from Israel's terms. At least the Arabs
no longer talk of fighting a "second round."
There are persistent reports of an approach-
ing settlement between Egypt and Saudi
Arabia on the war in Yemen. The oil-produc-
ing states-Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Libya-
clearly do not want to keep up the embargo
against the West which is more costly to the
Arabs than to Europe. It is not at all costly
to the United States.
Economic pressures on every country con-
cerned are very severe. Egypt, for instance, is
losing her vitally needed revenues from Suez
Canal tolls and tourism. Israel's economy is
in extremely bad shape. In fact, it was in bad
shape before the cost of the recent war was
added.
Peace is not in sight, but extreme positions
S 12453
are beginning to be abandoned. Neither sur-
render nor revenge are possible. A modus
vivendi can gradually be worked out as pas-
sions and fears subside. The heartening fea-
ture of current developments is that com-
promises are being considered and some timid,
groping steps are being taken toward ulti-
mate agreement.
Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, there
are many areas in which all the nations
of the Middle East can work together to
solve many age-old problems.
I am pleased today to join the distin-
guished Senator from Tennessee [Mr.
BAKER] in sponsoring a resolution en-
oailraging the nations of the Middle East
to work together on a water desaliniza-
tion project.
This project can bring great benefits to
all the nations of the Middle East and
help to provide the solution to a problem
that has plagued the Middle East since
the dawn of recorded history.
NEW YORK 4-H PROGRAMS FOR
THE DISADVANTAGED
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I have be-
fore me the progress report of the New
York State 4-H programs with disad-
vantaged youth. It describes the great
efforts made by our 4-H organizations in
bringing opportunity and hope to under-
privileged young people. New York State
is fortunate in having the fastest grow-
ing program of any State in the Nation,
and it is always a pleasure to report con-
tributions made by voluntary, private
groups in helping the deprived eco-
nomically. Mr. President, I am personally
gratified to see that the 4-H organiza-
tion will be intensifying its activity in
New York, and has already inaugurated
a plan of action to carry out its success-
ful program this year. I Ask unanimous
consent that the report be printed in the
RECORD, so that other organizations
across the country may consider follow-
ing this fine example.
There being no objection, the report
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PROGRAMS WITH DISADVANTAGED YOUTH IN THE
4-H PHASE OF COOPERATIVE EXTENSION, NEW
YORK STATE
(By Wilbur F. Pease, persented at Cornell
Extension Club, April 3, 1967)
Before reporting to you regarding the
growth and something of the nature of pro-
gram efforts with disadvantaged youth, I
think you will be interested to know that as
measured by the number of youth partici-
pating, the 4-H program in New York State
is the fastest growing program of any state
in the nation. In 1966, the 4-H enrollment
exceeded 100,000 for the first time with a to-
tal of 103,042 youth enrolled. This repre-
sents a gain of about 19,000 over 1965. In
addition, another 45,000 youth were served
by a variety of short-term educational ex-
periences, representing an increase of about
5,000 over 1965. Also in 1966, there were
13,701 adults serving as volunteer 4-H lead-
ers, a gain of about 1400 over 1965. The edu-
cational programs conducted with these
adults indicate that 4-H is making a fairly
sizeable contribution to adult education as
well as to youth education.
SCOPE OF PROGRAM EFFORTS WITH DISADVAN-
TAGED YOUTH
The time allotted limits this to a prog-
ress report of total 4-H effort with disad-
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S 12454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30, 1967
taged youth, presented broadly rather than
with specifics. Recent reports received from
52 of The 55 countries indicate that youth
are being reached in 29 counties through
what we might call the on-going 4-H pro-
gram and in 23 counties in which one or
more program efforts are being directed to-
ward more specifically identified problems,
needs and situations of such youth. Since
1964, when programs were offered low income
youth in only 18 cities of 18 different coun-
ties, we reached the point in 1966 when low
income youth were participating in 4-H pro-
grams in 24 cities of 20 counties.
A total of 12,110 low income youth were
participating in the 4-H program, nearly 50%
of whom are farm and rural non-farm youth.
A little better than one out of every nine 4-H
members in 1966 were low income youth. So
much for the growth in scope of 4-H program
efforts with the disadvantaged.
REACHING AND RECRUITING DISADVANTAGED
YOUTH
In general, counties reported that imper-
sonal contacts by such means as flyers, bro-
chures, and letters are relatively ineffective
in recruiting disadvantaged youth. Repeated
and personal contacts are necessary. Such
contacts are time consuming and agents have
developed some methods which take a mini-
mum amount of time on their part. Among
the apparently most effective are:
(a) Reaching children where they are-
through the schools, settlement houses,
youth centers, and the like.
(b) Using other people to make the con-
taots-VISTA workers in three counties,
school teachers, Welfare workers, an organi-
wational volunteer leader, a community
committee for the involvement of youth.
(c) Reaching youth through agent con-
tacts with adult groups of a community on
whom is then placed the responsibility for
recruiting youth. Once some youth are
reached, frequently they become the best
recruiters of other youth.
REACHING DISADVANTAGED YOUTH IN THE ON-
GOING 4-H PROGRAM
Even though we might like to see more
specifically designed programs, the value of
such an approach should not be discounted.
Indeed, as regards farm youth and rural non-
farm youth in counties of fairly low incidence
of poverty, or inCounties where the low in-
come rural families are fairly well inter-
spersed among other families, to reach such
youth in the ongoing progam may be the
only, or at least the most effective way. One
value of this approach is that it brings into
close association youth of diverse economic
situations thus promoting understanding of
individuals different than Oneself and hope-
fully teaching youth to make judgments on
the basis of individual worth.
SOME LEARNING EXPERIENCES OFFERED
As with individuals of any segment of our
society, there are individual differences
among disadvantaged youth and their homes
and families, but in general, their lives are
characterized by a lack of variety and a
quality of stimuli which would aid their in-
tellectual and social development. So one
purpose of work with disadvantaged youth is
to increase the variety and improve the qual-
ity of such stimuli. In an action oriented
educational program, we call these stimuli
learning experiences.
a. Cultural arts and inter-cultural
experiences
in 19 counties over 500 youth and nearly
100 parents were provided such experiences.
buck Foundation funds financed these o-
grams. In 10 counties, intercultur xperi-
ences were provided at county 4-H camps. In
one of these, a special program in remedial
reading was provided. In another county the
camp experience took the form of a family
day at camp, with disadvantaged youth and
their parents participating in the program
for one day. Eight counties included one dis-
advantaged youth in their delegations at-
tending the Northern New York Youth Con-
ference. One county sent two disadvantaged
youth with a group from the county at-
tending the Citizenship Short Course at the
National 4-H Center; and another county
sent two leaders to a leadership forum at the
National 4-H Center,
Cultural arts experiences Included visits
to various kinds of museums and historical
buildings; attending musical concerts, folk
and ballet dance productions, stage plays,
lectures at colleges, and having a dinner at
a fine restaurant. In many cases, other than
disadvantaged youth also atten lsd-'Sills il-
lustrates what I believe is a- value of the
4-H program, namely, it_,pfovides a natural
way for both co-educational and intercul-
tive
This\is one of the most commonly offered
progr particularly in the cities. In addi-
tion todsubject matter learned and the
skills requ , one of the great value of
this program s bringing youth into con-
tact with a wi range of adults-men and
women of garden ubs and of service clubs,
city government 3cials and employees,
florists, nurserymen, 'reenhouse operators,
college extension facult It is quite a stim-
ulating experience for mo of these youth to
come to realize that such ults are really
interested in them. They re and favorably
and are learning something about people
different than themselves. Ma adults have
been noted to start plantings ter observ-
ing the results of youth plan gs and in
other ways to evidence greater p lade in, and
a sense of responsibility for their properties
and for the neighborhood. This another
value of this program. For arou ng com-
munity interest and support, it is probably
the best program we have to start ith in a
C. Training Neighborhood YoutlA Corps
workers
One county, with the assistance/of a Col-
lege of Home Economics Extensipa Faculty
member, conducted a four-week~? course in
Money Management for 110 yo th in the
Neighborhood Youth Corps. n another
county, the 4-H staff assisted t e director of
the Youth Corps in develop g an overall
training program. Ina rum er of counties,
Youth Corps workers have een assigned to
assist with the 4-H pro m. In every in-
stance, the directors o the Youth Corps
have been more than leased with the on-
the-job training p ded by the 4-H staff
and the kinds o ssignments and experi-
ences given th outh which aid their own
growth and velopment. For the most part
these ex ences are in working with young-
er bo nd girls.
D. Job readiness program
In one county, a 12-weeks job readiness
program is conducted with high school
girls in a low-income area, In this, some basic
nutrition is related to health, appearance
and the getting and holding of a job. Simi-
larly, the work in textiles and clothing,
personal appearance and grooming is related
to employment. In addition, women em-
ployed in a variety of occupations and a
variety of levels of position are brought in
to talk with the girls. These ladies have dif-
ferent levels of educational achievement and
have gained i;heir education and training
different ways. So the girls learn more about
more employment possibilities, the educa-
tion needed and of educational and training
opportunities beyond high school. Employ-
ment Service people tell of their services and
work with the girls on preparing for and con-
ducting onself at an employment interview.
Thus the girls learn some of the means for
seeking employment and the skills for ap-
plying for employment.
e. The 4-H project work
For youth reached in the on-going 4-H
program and for most of the more specifically
designed program efforts, 4-H projects are the
major core around which are built a variety
of meaningful learning experiences. Even
more than other children and youth of simi-
lar ages, these disadvantaged youth learn
best through physical activity which includes
the manipulation of objects. This is essential
to stimulating intellectual activity. Among
the many other values, the 4-H projects pro-
vide such activity. In general, fewer and more
carefully selected projects are offered to these
youth. For farm and rural youth, projects
which add to the family food supply, or
which add to the improvement or the beauty
of the home both inside and out-of-doors, or
which may be income producing, or which
may save the family money, are most com-
monly offered. For older farm and rural
youth, projects which may provide some em-
ployable skills, such as the tractor and the
automotive safety and care projects, are of-
fered.
Popular projects with the city youth in-
clude those of the floriculture and ornamen-
tal horticulture program, the Handyman or
woodworking, electrical, entomology, incuba-
bation and embryology. Because of their di-
rect relationship to employment opportuni-
ties, some work in electronics and Junior
Chefs are offered middle and older teenage
youth. The photography project also is im-
portant in this respect. The foods and cloth-
ing projects are popular. It takes more skill
in selling home improvement work and even
more the management projects even though
the management of their present resources is
one of their greatest needs. We cannot report
much progress in this area yet.
PEOPLE IN THE PROGRAM
In my judgment, the lack of competent
leadership in adequate numbers is the most
important factor in limiting program efforts
with the disadvantaged. At present we are
still experimenting with different types of
leadership and no one pattern has yet proven
to be most effective. Indeed, I believe we
will need to continue to have many kinds of
people involved. Among those presently in-
volved in leadership roles are some indig-
enous adults, indigenous older youth who
are either 4-H members or are Neighborhood
Youth Corps workers, special resource per-
sons of special competencies who are brought
in to teach one or more lessons, older 4-H
members and leaders of the middle class
group, VISTA workers, and in Buffalo and
Syracuse, some paid non-professional work-
ers who are indigenous to-the neighborhood.
We have found that frequently to obtain in-
digenous volunteer leaders, adults must first
be taught before they will accept leader-
ship. This certainly is understandable be-
cause no one accepts leadership without the
security of knowing that one can do the
job. To see the development of some of these
adults is as thrilling as the development of
youth.
THE NEXT STEPS
The survey responses from counties in-
dicate that we may expect two major de-
velopments: (1) continuing increase in the
numbers of youth participating; (2) more
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August 30, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
as additional cosponsors of the joint re-
solution (S.J. Res. 104) to establish an
advisory commission to study and report
on the adequacy of the U.S. merchant
marine fleet.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
ADDITIONAL COSPONSOR-S. 2140
Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that my name be
added as a cosponsor to S. 2140, to au-
thorize the exchange of certain vessels
for conversion and operation in nonsub-
sidized service between the west coast
of the United States and the territory of
Guam, at the next printing of the bill.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, this bill,
introduced by the distinguished Senator
from Alaska [Mr. BARTLETT1, would au-
thorize the Secretary of Commerce, act-
ing through the Maritime Administra-
tion, to trade out in exchange for
obsolete vessels two C-4-type ships for
the purpose of conversion and operation
'in nonsubsidized service between the
United States and the Territory of
Guam.
Basic authority for this proposal is
Tcontained in section 510(i) of the Mer-
chant Marine Act of 1936. This section,
known as the Vessel Exchange Act, was
designed, as the Senator from Alaska
so ably pointed out, to upgrade that por-
tion of the U.S.-flag fleet not operating
under construction differential subsidy.
The legislative intent is clear, that
traded out vessels would not be eligible
for operating subsidy and would be used
only in nonsubsidized service. Obviously,
this was intended to prevent the subsi-
dized lines from avoiding their contrac-
tual ship replacement obligations.
S 12445
tory's economy. Commercial tonnage handled From Kenya to the Congo, the great ml-
here, discharged and loaded, increased from grant herds of wildlife that once roamed East
246,854 in FY64 to 274,990 in FY66. Gross Africa's 700,000 square miles of savanna-land
volume commercial business activity up from and forest have all but disappeared. Some
$124.7 million to $136.2 million same period. authorities, in fact, estimate that it has
Government investing $16 million in new taken man less than 50 years to reduce the
commercial port and containerization would region's game population to a tenth of its
cut costs in serving our fast-expanding civil- /YNmer size. Now he is trying to keep that last
to 5:3;!44 last three years. ~
It is my strong feeling that thi?,Tegis-
lation is badly needed and that .it is not
inconsistent with the originaj /6bjectives
of the act. Accordingly, itis my hope
that it will receive favorable considera-
tion at the earliest possible time.
DANGER-
ADDITIONAL WSPO SOF CON-
CURRENT
OLUTION
of the junior, enator from New York
pressing the
1 be added as a cosponsor
current Resolution 41, ex-
sense of Congress with re-
need for worldwide con-
servation of
vening of a
ildlife, calling of the con-
international conference
for the preseiivation of endangered spe-
cies of wildlifewhich was introduced on
Monday of thi week.
The PRESID IG OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so;, ordered.
Mr. YARBOROtGH. Mr. President, 2
days ago I introduce a concurrent res-
olution (S. Con. Res. ?l,) , calling for the
United States to take be initiative in
promoting a worldwide cot erence on the
I have introduced this legs tion three
times, in the last three Cong sses. On
each occasion it has received th upport
of the Department of State and a De-
by livestock, the surviving herds have to a
large degree become refugees in East Africa's
thirteen national parks and its 91,000 square
miles of game reserves. Here, to the casual
tourist, there seems to be no end to the game.
But ecologists and wardens Involved in wild-
life-management projects know better. They
know that the sanctuaries alone offer scant
protection. Indeed, in some cases, the parks
themselves must be saved from the game.
As the migration of wildlife into preserves
increases, so does the pressure on the food
supply of the animals already there. Last
year, at Uganda's Murchison Falls Park, war-
dens were forced to "cull" (conservationese
for kill) no fewer than 2,900 elephants and
2,000 hippopotamuses. A hippo can put away
150 pounds of grass in one night.
Land Settlement: The problems begin with
man: quite simply, he is outbreeding and
outranging the beasts. Since 1916, Uganda
has given up three-quarters of its wildlife
range to human habitation, cultivation and
grazing. By the year 2000, its 8-million popu-
lation will have more than doubled and
gobbled up 20 million more acres of game
land. In Kenya, where man currently re-
quires a quarter of the land, . half will be
needed in 30 years-most of it for agricul-
tural settlements and squatters practicing
subsistence farming. And in Southeast Tan-
zania increased land settlement has resulted
in what game warden Brian Nicholson calls
a "straightforward clash between man and
beast."
The very mention of an East African wild-
life crisis once conjured up an image of the
white hunter, armed with a high-powered
rifle and an insatiable lust for blood. But to-
day, the 100 professional hunters operating in
East Africa are ardent-and admired-de-
fenders of wildlife. The tradition began with
the late Philip H. Percival, who escorted
Teddy Roosevelt in 1910 and Ernest Heming-
way 23 years later, on safaris, then spent
his final years as East Africa's first game
warden Rte?. while professional hunters have
was under consideration. In brief, this which have grasped the urgency of t
involves the unusual exception to the problem. The most recent of the effoi
general rule where a. subsidized company is A- two-page article which appeared
F's In have not.
n Official estimates of the number of animals
directly operates a nonsuDsIcilze(I serv- a Newsweek article the clay alter/l. inTr i
n the west coast of the United killed each year by poachers in East Africa
Most of the law-
The article .,a run as hi
000
h as 300
d the resolution
twe
b
d
,
.
.
g
e
e
ce
uce
States and the Territory of Guam. While well researched and compelling argrli- breakers are driven by hunger and habit.
this service has been completely unsub- ment for the conservation of the mgg- The Wakamba and Wasukuma, for example,
sidized for many years, the fact that the nificent animals of Africa before itt is come from an ancient line of proud-and
operating company receives subsidy for too late to save them. Articles like -this protein-starved-hunters. But others, en-
service other than to Guam raises some will help the public to realize thaA, as couraged by traders on the coast, poach pure-
question as to its eligibility under the the great conservationist William'Hor- ly for profit. Their targets range from the
Vessel Exchange Act which should be ; biaci~ rhino, nearly extinct because its horn
naday said: fe es $28 a pound on the Asian aphrodisiac
clarified. The need for modernized The wildlife of the world is not ours, to market; to leopards, whose skins are worth
equipment in this service is apparent. dispose of wholly as we please. We1iold it in thousands of dollars on the furrier's rack.
Aside from the unfortunate loss of one trust, for the benefit of oursel es and for "The business of poaching is run like the
of the existing vessels by collision earlier equal benefits to those who colafter us. opium trade," explains Nairobi white hunter
this year, the trend toward containeri- The situation, as Newsweek demon- Bill Ryan. "It's as tight as a drum." But so
nation and the growing needs of the strates so vividly, is critical. I hope that are the poaching penalties, which have be-
Guam community make it imperative responsible journalists such as this will come much harsher since Uhuru-Indepen-
that replacement vessels be made avail- dente. The penalty in some areas: a $2,800
able as soon as possible. In support of help the public and the Senate to realize fine or five years in prison. In Kenya's sprawl-
this contention, I quote the text of a tele- it. ing Tsavo National Park, once a favorite
gram from the Honerable Manuel F. L. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- haunt of elephant and rhino poachers, the
Querrero Governor of Guam, which sent that an article from the Newsweek government has practically eliminated the
of September 3, 1967, entitled, "Can problem by hiring the most notorious game
emphasizes the existing need: , killers as control hunters.
Government of Guam urges favorable con- Africa's point in in the Be RECORD. Saved?" be inserted By far the greatest single danger to Africa's
sideration Pacific Par East Lines application at this poi wildlife comes in the form of nothing more
for two C-4 ships under Vessel Exchange There being no objection, the articles sinister than scrawny herds of tick-ridden
Act. These ships to be converted to contain- were ordered to be printed in the REC- cattle competing with wildlife for grazing
erization and will greatly improve Lines West ORD, as follows: space across the scrubby grasslands. As long
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 S 12446
as disease and drought kept their stock to a
minimum, East Africa's pastoral tribes tra-
ditionally shared these semi-arid regions with
the game. But modern veterinary science has
upset the balance. "It's all the white man's
fault," says Tanzania National Parks plan-
ning adviser Philip Thresher "We've taught
Africans how to increase their herds without
teaching them how to control their stock
rationally. Now there's the devil to pay."
In Uganda, the cattle population has
doubled since 1930. Understandably, as do-
mestic herds increase, tribal pastoraiists be-
come less willing to coexist with the wildlife.
Animal husbandry has taught them that
game can infect their stock with such dis-
eases as anthrax and rinderpest.
Facing Spears: When Tanzania's Ngo-
rongoro Crater was separated from the
Serengeti National Park and demoted to
conservation-area status in 1959, Masai
tribesmen were allowed to graze cattle there.
Crater conservator S.A. ole Saibull, a Masai
himself, still manages to maintain a proper
cattle-game ratio. But, as another Tanzanian
park official told NEwswEEK's Curt Hessler:
"What if we have a drought? Masai from all
around will bring their cattle into the area
for water. Who's going to face those spears
and say 'get out'?"
If cattle pose a danger to wildlife, they
also represent disaster to the land itself.
'Where game is selective in feeding and rare-
;Iy overgrazes, livestock will nibble pasture-
land to dust. Their hooves destroy the porous
structure of the soil, compact it, expose it
1o erosion by wind or rain. The Great Rift
Valley, running from the Red Sea to South
Africa, was once lush forest and fertile
plain. But indiscriminate overgrazing has re-
duced it to a dry, raw scar in the landscape.
it may well be beyond reclaim.
Knowledge Gap: The production of field
crops also complicates East Africa's delicate
ecology and has noticeably increased the
African's disdain for wildlife. Elephants
trample his maize, buffalo batter his fences
end chattering armies of baboons uproot any
crop in their path. Yet most African farmers
fail to understand why there are so many
baboons to contend with. It rarely occurs to
them that the answer might be related to
the extirpation of leopard and cheetah that
naturally prey on baboon and keep the ape's
Casebeer of the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture seneme, a says Mann. "Game meat isn't go-
Organization, "we've got to show the tribes ing to make anyone rich."
that most wildlife is valuable to them." Perhaps not, but tourism-largely depend-
This is no small task. A-surprising num- ent on wildlife--does. It already ranks as
bar of Africans know little ornothing about Tanzania's fourth largest industry and
the great mammals with which they have malt Kenya's Africa ca's biggest sn largest. us grossin g 1970, is Will 75
shared a continent for centuries. A recent yn K Indus alont $75
survey shows that eight out of tell Kenyan million iia cannot annually jeopardize the . future
schoolchildren cannot even distinguish be- its Africa afford d resource that every bit as
tween a leopard and a hyena. vital to its economy as he the ct is every bit as
To close the knowledge gap, most of the Katanga its the diamond t copper mines y.
national parks offer extensive education pro- "Now is the criical time for African wild
grams financed by U.S. and European founda- life," says AWLF director Frank Minot, "the
tions. The Washington-based African Wild- time when everything should be done at
life Leadership Foundation (AWLF), for ex- once."
ample, contributes a half-million dollars each
year to conservation-education centers, in-
cluding the 40-mile-square Nairobi National ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTI-
Park. Last year, 19,000 student visitors to this CLES, ETC., PRINTED IN THE
park were exposed to AWLF's message: wild- APPENDIX
life is Africa's No. i asset.
gressive game-management and conservation addresses, editorials, articles, etc., were
programs. Since independence, the country ordered to be printed in the Appendix,
has created no fewer than four national as follows:
parks and such ambitious projects as the By Mr. PERCY:
College of Wildlife Management at Mweka, Statement of Committee for Economic and
high on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. Cultural Development of Chicago, relating
Founded in 1964 with a $25,000 grant from to employment opportunities.
AWLF, the college is training 57 students By Mr. MCCARTHY:
from ten African countries to serve as park Newspaper column, entitled "Woodland
wardens and game officials, Though the Echoes," published in the Mesabi Daily of
U,.N.'s FAO administers the college with a Virginia, Minn.
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CO
anese cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima
have paled into insignificance in relation
to the terrible new weapons of atomic
destruction which have been devised.
We know that the wholesale destruc-
tion of civilization is no farther away
than the push of a button.
But this does not have to be. At the
same time that we have - developed more
powerful weapons of nuclear destruction,
our scientists have been working dili-
gently to harness nuclear energy for
man's betterment.
President Eisenhower made great
strides in this direction during his ad-
ministration. Under his guidance, the
nations of the world sat down together
for the first time to learn how to pool
their efforts to use atoms for peace.
From this was formed the International
Atomic Energy Agency which this year
celebrates its 10th anniversary. Here
we have the world's great nuclear scien-
tists meeting and searching for ways to
cooperate in using the power of the atom
to make the world a better place to live
in.
General Eisenhower has again come
forth with a proposal in line with his un-
swerving belief that the atom can be used
for peace.
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NGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 30, 1967
five-year grant of a half million dollars, NUCLEAR DESALTING PLANTS TO
funds and scholars also come to Mweka from
the U.S, and West Germany. PROVIDE FRESH WATER FOR THE The curriculum at Mweka ranges from ele- MIDDLE EAST-ADDITIONAL`CO-
mentary biology to a course in animal-pop- SPONSORS
ulation dynamics taught by 39-year-old Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I have the
Patrick Hemingway, son of the late chron-
icler of Africa's green hills. -Hemingway pleasure today to announce the cospon-
spends half of each month in the field, teach- sorship of Senate Resolution 155 by the
ing his students the practical aspects of following distinguished Senators and to
game management, map interpretation, wild- ask unanimous consent for the addition
life identification and "control" shooting. of their names at the next printing of
Despite their demonstrated desire and abil- the resolution.
ity to learn some students would prefer to _
MANS-
pursue a different profession. "Let's face it," FIELD, list Econsists N, HANSEN, Senators MANS ,
says on Mweka instructor. "Africans want to C S N, COOPER, DOM N, SCOTT, PEAR-
get out of the bush and into the cities." ARLO DOMINICK, JAVITS, , P
For the game, time may be running out SON, PERCY, ALLOTT, CURTIS, FANNIN,
unless more Africans than Mweka can train GRIFFIN, HATFIELD, HRUSKA, HICKEN-
decide that wildlife deserves a share of the LOOPER, KUCHEL, MILLER, TOWER, BOGGS,
range. One way may be through Africa's ever BROOKE, AIKEN, MORTON, MURPHY, FONG,
growling stomach. JORDAN of Idaho, SMITH, THURMOND,
Most nutrition experts agree that humans PROUTY, COTTON, RANDOLPH, HOLLINGS,
require an average of 30 grams of animal DODD, MUSKIE, TYDINGS, MCGEE, CLARK,
protein daily-six times more than is being
Consumed by East Africans. Yet recent ex- BAYH, HARTKE, INOUYE, EASTLAND, LONG
periments show that many game animals of Missouri, - SPONG, KENNEDY of Massa-
may yield half again as much lean meat as chusetts, JACKSON, MCINTYRE, RIBICOFF,
livestock of equal weight. Moreover, many KENNEDY of New York, and BYRD of West
agriculturalists point out that East African Virginia.
pasture land can support game animals more The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
productively than cattle. Says S. O. Ayoda, objection, it is so ordered.
Kenya's Minister for Tourism and Wildlife:
"The government is becoming convinced that Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, it is indeed
a high production of animal protein can be gratifying to me to have such broad bi-
maintained from wildlife on lands that partisan support for this resolution,
might deteriorate under other forms of use." which would make it the sense of the
The FAO, for another, is convinced that Senate to urge adoption of the` Eisen-
wildlife may hunger. solution to the African's hower plan for nuclear desalting plants
gB For several years, Zambian to provide fresh water for the Middle
wardens in the Lambwe Valley have been East. I feel that the concept involved
"cropping" wildlife for food. The carcasses
are butchered in mobile abattoirs and trans- here-the use of nuclear energy to make
ported to dukkas (markets) in the nearby peace instead of war, to create rather
Copper Belt. than destroy-is basic to world survival.
Canned Gazelle: Even Hemingway fore- We all know the destructive force of
sees a need for a wildlife-canning industry the atom and nuclear power. From the
in East Africa. Says Hemingway: "Our own moment of the explosion of the first
experiments with home tinning of Thomson's atomic bomb in the New Mexican desert
gazelle meat have shown its quality to be in, 1945, - the world has lived under the
quite comparable to the finest tinned tuna." fearful shadow of a mushroom cloud of
But the "game as meat" concept is chal-
lenged by Dr. Igor Mann, former chief ani- nuclear destruction. Those early bombs
mal-industry officer for Kenya. "I've yet to which unleased such horror on the Jap-
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August 30, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE S 12447
General Eisenhower has suggested that tion be formed with a charter resembling all over the world. I was born in a ghetto,
the full force of nuclear energy as we that of Comsat, with the Government but I refused to stay there. I am a Negro, and
know it today be applied to solving the subscribing to half of that stock, the bal- proud to be one. I am also an American, and
I m proud of that.
i
ti
on
p
be offered for public subscr
differences between the Arab and Israeli ante to peoples in ` the Middle East. He points in the security markets of the world. The
out that the most crucial problem in that amount to be raised, say $200,000,000,
.strife-torn area of the world 'is water. would be used to begin construction of
By applying our nuclear technology, we the first of the three plants. The cost of
can, from the first plant to be built, sup- the plants, beyond the sum raised by.
ply more water than flows from the three subscription, would be financed by an
principal tributaries of the historic international marketing of convertible
Jordan River, the area's principal water debentures bearing no interest for the
source. In doing so we will provide work first few years while the plant is being
for thousands of refugees and we will built.
turn and desert land into fertile fields on The plan provides other benefits. It
which these people can live and work in will, in a very practical sense, force upon
peace. the Israel and Arab Governments the
It is a significant point in our develop- need for cooperation in order to, for ex-
ment of nuclear power, I feel, that we ample, allocate water and power pro-
can now discuss ways to move into an duced by the plants. Moreover, the plan
area of conflict and, instead of using the provides a tangible means of further
atom to blast the belligerents into sub- demonstrating the desire'of the United
mission, use it to erase their differences States to'find peaceful solutions to areas
by providing them a base of cooperation
and mutual interest.
The author of the forward-reaching
plan sponsored by General Eisenhower'
was ,Adm. Lewis Strauss, the distin-
guished' former Chairman of the Atomic
Energy Commission, who, like the former
President, has worked tirelessly to see
that nuclear energy ceases to be a threat
to civilization and becomes the promise of
hlmanity. Tomorrow, I will have the
high privilege and honor of going to
Gettysburg, Pa., to meet with General
Eisenhower and Admiral Strauss to dis-
cuss their plan in further detail. I would
like now to outline briefly some of the
pertinent parts of this plan.
The plan is based on the finding that,
if sufficient quantities of fresh water can
be furnished to the arid lands of the
Middle East, the chronic shortages of an
adequate food supply and meaningful
work for residents and refugees alike can
be alleviated. Admiral Strauss' vast ex-
perience,. as a former Chairman of the
Atomic Energy Commission, has led him
to conclude that three very large nuclear
desalting plants are both technically
feasible and economically attractive as
the means to provide the tremendous
quantities of fresh water which the plan
envisions. Two of the installations would
be located at appropriate points on the
Mediterranean coast of Israel and a
smaller one at the northern end of the
Gulf of Aqaba in either Jordan 'or Israel,
as the most suitable terrain may dictate.
The first plant would be designed to pro-
duce daily the equivalent of some 450
million gallons of fresh water-more
than the combined flow of the three main
tributaries which make up the Jordan
River. It would also pfoduce an amount
Mr. President, a 'possible acronym and
name for this international corporation
would be MEND-Middle East Nuclear
Desalting Corporation. I think this name
would be particularly significant since
the purpose of the company would be to
mend the differences between these two
great peoples of the Middle East and give
them reason to live together in peace and
harmony.
The distinguished chairman of the
Foreign Relations Committee, Mr. FuL-
BRIGHT, has been kind enough to indicate
consideration of early hearings on this
matter. I am very grateful for his interest
and concern.
(At this point, Mr. BYRD of West Vir-
ginia took the chair as Presiding Officer.)
Mr. President, this is a ringing state-
ment, apropos of the times, and bespeaks,
in my opinion, the true thinking of the
Negro in the United States as distin-
guished from the rabble rousers who
have a greater love for foreign countries
than they have for the land of their birth.
Mr. Moore further states:
The young people of today think they have
a hard lot. They should have been around in
the '30s when I was coming up in St. Louis.
We had no way to go, but a lot of us made
it. I became light heavyweight champion of
the world. A neighbor kid down the block,
Clark Terry, became one of the most fam-
ous jazz musicians in the world. There were
doctors, lawyers and chiefs who come out
of that ghetto. One of the top policemen in
St. Louis came from our neighborhood.
Mr. President, that is a breath of
wholesome, fresh air. In my judgment, it
describes the honest thinking of the
Negroes of our country who are devoted
to the cause of the United States and
who recognize that the United States has
provided a more abundant life for the
poorest Negro than is enjoyed by mil-
lions of people around the world.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
complete article written by Mr. Moore
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
GUIDE OR MISGUIDE: ARCHIE MOORE POINTS
WAY BY LAUNCHING OPERATION GARDNER
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Archie Moore, internation-
ally San Diegan and retired light heavy-
weight boxing champion of the world, told
ARCHIE MOORE SPEAKS OUT- must take a stand in this time of internal
LAUNCHES OPERATION GAR- crisis. A man who stands neutral stands for
DENER t nothing." He then wrote the following state-
ment and submitted it to The San Diego
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, in Ham- Union, which is printing it verbatim.)
ilton, Ohio, there is published the But- (By Archie Moore)
ler County American. Its masthead states The devil is at work in America, and it is
that it is "Negro edited, speaking for up to us to drive him out. Snipers and looters,
rights of all-majorities and minorities." white or black, deserve no mercy. Those who
In its August 19 issue, there is pub- would profit from their brother's misfortunes
lished and article entitled "Guide or Mis deserve no mercy, and those who would set
guide, Archie Moore Points Way by fellow Americans upon each other deserve no
Launching Operation Gardener." mercy.
At the head of the column there is an I'll fight the man who calls me an "Uncle
editor's note, which reads as follows: Tom." I have broken bread with heads of
state, chatted with presidents and traveled
Archie Moore, internationally known San all over the world. I was born in a ghetto,
Diegan and retired light heavyweight boxing but I refused to stay there. I am a Negro, and
champion of the world, told friends yesterday proud to be one. I am also an American, and
he feels that "everybody must take a stand I am proud of that.
in this time of internal crisis. A man 'who The young people of today think they have
stands neutral stands for nothing." He then a hard lot. They should have been around in
wrote the following statement and submitted the '30s when I was coming up in St. Louis.
it to The San Diego Union, which is print- We had no way to go, but a lot of us made it.
ing it verbatim. I became light heavyweight champion of the
of power which, though in excess of the Mr. President, I want to read a few world. A neighbor kid down the block, Clark
present needs of the area, would attract excerpts from Mr. Moore's statement. Terry, became one of the most famous jazz
industry and would be used to pump the They are so apropos and pertinent to the musicians in the world. There were doctors,
fresh water into the water-starved areas times that they are worthy of the deepest lawyers and chiefs who came out of that
of Israel,, Jordan, and other Arab coun- consideration by every one of us: ghetto. One of the top policemen in St. Louis
erha s even including part of came from our neighborhood.
Egypt p p The devil is at work in America, and it is We made it because we had a goal, and
Egypt east of the Nile Valley. Operation up to us to drive him out. Snipers and loot- we were willing to work for it. Don't talk
of the plants would be made the respon- ers, white or black, deserve no mercy. Those to me of your "guaranteed national in-
sibility of the International Atomic who would profit from their brother's mis- come." Any fool knows that this is insanity.
Energy Agency, of which Agency each of fortunes deserve no mercy, and those who Do we bring those who worked to get ahead
the major belligerents, fortunately, is a would set fellow Americans upon each other
member. deserve no mercy. to the level of those who never gave
.
I'll fight the man who calls me an "Uncle a damn? The world owes Nobody-black or
With respect to financing the project, Tom." I have broken bread with heads of white-a living. God helps the man who helps
Admiral Strauss proposes that a corpora- state, chatted with presidents and traveled himself
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 S 12448'
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30, 1967
Now then, don't get the idea that I didn't
grow up hating the injustices of this world.
l: am a staunch advocate of the Negro revo-
lution for the good of mankind. I've seen al-
most unbelieveable progress made in the
last handfull of years. Do we want to become
wild beasts bent only on revenge, looting and
killing and laying America bare? Hate is
bait, bait for the simple-minded.
Sure, I despised the whites who cheated
me, but I used that feeling to make me push
on. If you listen to the professional rabble-
rousers, adhere to this idea of giving up
everything you've gained in order to revenge
yourself for the wrongs that were done to
you in the past-then you'd better watch
your neighbor, because he'll be looting your
house next. Law-and order is the only edge
we have. No man is an island.
Granted, the Negro still has a long way to
go to gain a fair shake with the white man
in this country. But believe this: if we resort
to lawlessness, the only thing we can hope
,for is civil war, untold bloodshed, and the
end of our dreams.
We have to have a meeting of qualified men
of both races. Mind you, I said qualified men,
not some punk kid, ranting the catch phrases
put in his mouth by some paid hate-monger.
There are forces in the world today, forces
bent upon the destruction of America, your
America and mine. And while we're on the
subject, do you doubt for a minute that com-
munism, world communism, isn't waiting
with bated breath for the black and white
Americans to turn on each other full force?
Do you want a chance for life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness in the land of your
birth, or do you want no chance at all under
the Red heel?
AFRICA'S A GREAT PLACE TO VISIT
There are members of the black commu-
nity who call for a separate nation within
America. Well, I do not intend to give up one
square inch of America. I'm not going to be
told I must live in a restricted area. Isn't that
what we've all been fighting to overcome?
And then there is the element that calls for
a return to Africa.
For my part, Africa is a great place to visit,
but I wouldn't want to live there. If the
Irishmen want to` go back to the Emerald
Isle, let them. If the Slavs want to return to
the Iron Curtain area, OK by me. But I'm not
going'to go to any part of Africa to live.
Ism proud of ancestry, and of the country
that spawned my forefathers, but I'm not
giving up my country. I fought all my life
to give my children what I'm able to give
them today; a chance for development as
citizens in the greatest country in the world.
I do not for a moment think that any truly
responsible Negro wants anarchy. I don't
,think you'll find intelligent-no, let's re-
phrase that-mature Negroes running wild in
the streets or sniping at total strangers.
God made the white man as well as the
black. True, we haven't acted as brothers in
the past, but we are brothers: If we're to be
so many Cains and Abels, that's our choice.
We can't blame God for it.
TEACHTHAT "ANY BOY CAN"
Something must be done to reach the
Negroes and the whites in the ghettos of
this country, and I propose to do some-
thing.
As a matter of plain fact, I have been
doing something for the past several years.
I :have been running a program which I call
the ABC-Any Boy Can. By teaching our
youth, black, white, yellow and red, what
dignity is, what self respect is, what honor
is, I have been able to obliterate juvenile
delinquency in several areas.
I would now expand my program, change
scope. If any boy can, surely any man can.
I want to take teams of qualified people, top
men in their fields, to the troubled areas of
our cities. I know that the people who par-
ticipated in the recent riots, who are par-
ticipating and who will participate, are mis- Many of us in the Congress-I think I can
guided rather than mad. safely say most of us-reject the President's
If some bigot can misguide, then I can reasoning. Our position is that the Congress
guide. I've spent too much of my life build- can, if it chooses, delegate its functions to
ing what I've got to put it to torch just to its appropriate committees. It does so every
satisfy some ancient hatred of a man who day and so long as the action has the approval
beat my grandfather. Those men are long of the Congress itself, it really is not the
dead. Do we have to choke what could. be a business of the Executive Branch.
beautiful garden with weeds of hate? I say So that-somewhat oversimplified-is
No! And I stand ready to start "Operation what the contest is all about.
Gardener." I invite the respected Negro It happens that two of these frozen proj-
leaders of our country to join me. ects-Papillion Creek on which Milton Fricke
UPSTREAM WATERSHED JURISDIC-
TIONAL DISPUTE
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, we have,
in the Senate a newly created subcom
mittee of the Committee on the Judi-
ciary. This subcommittee was formed to
examine into the separation of ,;lowers
among the three branches of our Gov-
ernment. The new subcommittee has of
recent days been holding hearings on the
jurisdiction question of project work plan
approval under the upstream watershed
program.
One of the members-of this subcom-
mittee is.the distinguished Senator from
my neighboring State, Nebraska [Mr.
HRUSKA]. On August?21, Senator HRUSKA
addressed the Northern Plains Area
meeting of the N,tional Association of
Soil and Water Conservation Districts.
He used the occasion to report on what
he had learned `at the hearing held 'by
our new subcommittee.
I think other Members of the Senate
will find inter Opt in his report. There-
fore, I ask una imous consent-to have
printed in the R *CORD extracts from the
remarks of our Nebraska colleague on
thatoccasion. \
There being no o ection, the extracts
were ordered to be pri d in the RECORD,
and his associates have labored for so long,
and ap.-eq'oRlly needed project on Clatonia
Creek-are Sin Nebraska. So I would be in-
tensely interested in this subject even if I
were not a member of the Senate Subcom-
mittee which handles the appropriations bills
for the Department of Agriculture. And I
would be further interested because I am a
member of a newly created subcommittee
of the Senate Judiciary Committee which
was formed to examine this very problem of
the separation of powers among the three
branches of our government.
This subcommittee, chaired by Senator
Sam Ervin of North Carolina and composed
on the Democratic side of Senators John
McClellan of Arkansas and Quentin Burdick
of North Dakota and on the Republican side
of Senator Dirksen and myself, has already
held a number of hearings on this particular
contest between the Executive and Legisla-
tive Branches.
Before I discuss those hearings and the
prospects for the future, let me develop the
historical perspective of the controversy and
then point out some possible solutions.
To many of you this will be old hat and I
seek your indulgence. But I think even those
of you who have lived with this program since
its inception may find the recital Instructive.
Let's go back to 1953. The date is February
13. A Senator named Lyndon Johnson, speak- .
ing of the need for federal assistance in
the area of small watershed projects, said
this :
"At present there is no authority for direct
local-federal cooperation on flood prevention
programs in small upstream watershed areas.
I introduce for appropriate r
f
e
erence a bill
EXTRACTS FROM THE REMARK, OF SENATOR which is designed to close that gap. it is
ROMAN L. HRUSKA BEFORE Ti NATIONAL similar to legislation sponsored in the House
ASSOCIATION OF SOIL AND WATER'QONSERVA- of Representatives by my good friend, the
TION DISTRICTS, AREA V, NORTHER-~PLAINS Honorable W. R. Poage."
The subject I would like to discuswith
you tonight might well be comic. werA, the
consequences not measured in fluman lives
and millions of dollars in property dam ge.
We might all get a jolly laugh at the b-
surdity of a Mexican standoff between he
Congress of the United States and the Pre i-
We might find amusement in the fact tijat
a lively debate can be constructed between
the same man-Senator Lyndon B. John
siin
and President Lyndon B. Johnson. 1
Instead the subject is a serious one. It Ias
to do with the President's refusal to proqeed
with the development and constructio;? of
ten watershed projects, all of which have
been proposed to the Congress by the Dgart-
ment of Agriculture, all of which havgr high
benefit-cost ratios, all of which are assured
of adequate funding.
Why has the President ordered the Bureau
of the Budget to freeze funds for these proj-
ects? He maintains that the system under
which the Senate and House committees for
the past 13 years have been approving such
projects is unconstitutional, that they "di-
lute and diminish the authority and powers
of the President.... I do not want the Leg- was a conference committee. The conferees
islative (Branch) through two committees- approved language which required the sub-
to encroach upon the responsibilities of the mission of watershed plans to the Congress
Presidency." 45 days before construction began and barred
This assertion by the President led Con- appropriations for these projects without ap-
gressman Bill Cramer of Florida to comment, proval of the appropriate committees in each
"For Johnson to accuse Congress of trying to house-Agriculture committees for the
usurp his powers id like accusing .a herd of smaller projects, Public Works for the larger
steers of trying to take over his spread." ones.
Approved For Release X001/11/01: CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290062-5
became Public Law 566, the Small Watershed
Act of 1954. Let's take a look at Section 5
of Senator Lyndon Johnson's bill:
"Before such installation involving federal
aid is commenced, the Secretary of Agricul-
ture shall transmit a copy of the plan and the
justification therefor, to the Committee on
Agriculture of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Agriculture and For-
estry of the Senate for their consideration.
Unless either committee by resolution dis-
approves of the plan, the Secretary may pro-
ceed with participation in the installation of
works of improvement."
That, ladies and gentlemen, is the so-
called "committee veto," about which you
have heard so much. It was written into his
bill, S. 877, by Senator Johnson in 1953 and
today is denounced by President Johnson as
unconstitutional and an invasion of the
powers of the Presidency.
Well, you say, perhaps that was just some
"boilerplate" language that the bill drafter
stuck in and perhaps Senator Johnson over-
looked it. Let's take a closer look.
Since the Senate and House versions of