OUR NATIONAL DEFENSE POSTURE: NUCLEAR PROPULSION FOR NEW MAJOR FLEET ESCORTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000100230001-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 12, 2004
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 13, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

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December 13, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
on station, to outmaneuver weather and to
make fast transits.
A recent 'speech by Navy Secretary Paul
R. Ignatius, saying that the Navy would ask
the Defense Department for a mix of conven-
tional and nuclear escol:ts, has led some Navy
men to conclude that Defense Secretary Rob-
ert S. McNamara is now more receptive.
Their reasoning: McNamara would have
censored It out of the speech if he didn't
agree.
The Defense Department, however is now
deep in its pre-budget weighing of military
systems. It could hop either way on the nu-
clear slip issue.
Mr.' CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr.
Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS. I am. delighted to yield
to the distinguished gentleman from
California, a member of the committee.
Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr.
Speaker, I want to commend the chair-
man of the Committee on Armed Services
for the excellent report he has brought to
us from the special committee which has
traveled to Southeast Asia.
I think that in addition to the impor-
tance of the subcommittee interim re-
port which he has made, the remarks
that he has made in connection with the
failure of the Department of Defense to
proceed with the nuclear ships that have
been requested by the Committee on
Armed Services are most important.
It is not necessary to receive briefings
in connection with what Russia is doing
In the Mediterranean in. their buildup of
their navy. We can read in our weekly
news magazines about the large nuclear
navy that they are developing. This is a
matter of concern to our Navy and to our
military people and to those of us who
serve on the Committee on Armed Serv-
ices.
I think it is a most important contribu-
tion that the chairman of the committee
has made this afternoon. I certainly
agree that you are making a most mod-
est request, Mr. Chairman, when you ask
for only two nuclear frigates and that
from here on out we proceed to give the
Navy what they need and we demand
that this be given to them.
Mr. RIVERS. I thank the gentleman
for his remarks.
I want to say this-this Russian threat
is not kidding. They are determined to
take over the Middle East. Just today
they flew missions in Yemen of Soviet
pilots and Soviet planes, I am informed.
We have long, long drawn-out lines in
far away Asia and we need nuclear sur-
face ships.
I cannot, to save me, understand why-
the Secretary of Defense is holding up
construction of these two ships. It may
be pride-I do not know what it is. But
here the Congress has spoken. We have
written this in the strongest language of
which we are capable. But he continues
to thwart the will of the Congress. What
are you going to do next year? I am will-
ing to go ahead with the future, but I
cannot forget the past.
Mr. HAGAN. Mr.\Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr, RIVERS. I yield to the gentleman
from Georgia.
Mr. (QAN. I appreciate very nidch
the." remarks made by the distinguished
chairmanof the Committee on Armed
I think it is wonderful that he has
brought this report from this excellent
subcommittee which has toured Viet-
nam and all of Southeast Asia.
As was pointed out by my distin-
guished colleague, the gentleman from
California, and in the remarks made by
our chairman this afternoon, it is great
for the people of this country to hear the
facts. I wish I knew why the orders of the
people's Representatives have not been
carried out.
I thank you again, Mr. Chairman, for
making this information available to the
people of this country this afternoon.
Mr. RIVERS. I appreciate what the
gentleman has said.
Mr. PIRNIE. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mi. RIVERS. I yield to the gentleman
from New York.
Mr. PIRNIE. I wish to join in this
expression of appreciation for the gen-
tleman's interim report. I know the seri-
ous intent behind the naming of this
committee, and I am convinced that their
efforts have been most objective and that
we will do well to heed their recom-
mendations.
With respect to the development of nu-
clear propulsion in our fleet, I have been
concerned for a long time that we were
not sufficiently progressive with regard
to the development of a nuclear task
force so that they could proceed as a
unit with respect to carrying out the
many assignments of which they would
be capable.
I hope that the remarks which the
gentleman made this afternoon will serve
to bring into such clear perspective the
will of Congress that immediate steps
will be taken to assure us that the wishes
of the people will be respected.
I thank you for your efforts.
Mr. RIVERS. I thank the chairman
very much. I wish to say to the gentle-
man that I recognize we should not have
two reports, one on top of the other, but
this is the only opportunity I shall have
to speak before this session will have ad-
journed. That is the reason I bring these
reports. Mr. HARDY's report is timely and
needed. Second, the nuclear propulsion
matter is something I wanted to bring
to you before we leave.
FOREIGN AID APPROPRIATIONS CONFERENCE
REPORT
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS. I yield to the gentleman
from Louisiana.
Mr. PASSMAN. I thank the gentleman
very much.
In my candid opinion, every member
of the conference on foreign aid of the
other body and of this House should sign
the report twice. This is the most mar-
velous victory that the House conferees
have ever won on foreign aid. After a
somewhat disagreeable conference, you
cannot satisfy all the people all the time.
The Senate yielded on $424,754,000. Your
House conferees yielded on only $119,-
080,000. It is the greatest victory for the
House since the inception of foreign aid,
percentagewise, on cuts. I thank the
gentleman.
Mr. RIVERS. So you have finished
your report; we can adjourn this week.
Mr. PASSMAN. So far as I am con-
cerned, we shall. We have a marvelous
report to bring in.
Mr. RIVERS. Now that you have fin-
ished, you can go home. Thank you very
much.
Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS. I yield to the gentleman
from Ohio.
Mr. BOW. In response to the distin-
guished gentleman from Louisiana,
three members of the conference did not
sign the report because it is $119 million
over the House figure. I thank the gen-
tleman for yielding.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS. I yield to the gentleman
from Missouri, a member of the commit-
tee.
Mr. HALL. I appreciate the gentleman
yielding, and in an attempt to get back
into orbit, I would like to associate my-
self with the remarks made in the well of
the House by the gentleman from South
Carolina and to compliment him for
bringing this bivalent report not only to
Members of the Congress but to the peo-
ple of the Nation. It is most timely. Com-
ing from him, after his distinguished
leadership, it will mean much.
Having often called for the resignation
of the instant Secretary of Defense, I
shall not comment more about his re-
peated errors of judgment or his usurpa-
tion of the executive privilege. But I do
think it is important that we reempha-
size what the distinguished chairman has
brought back to the people today,
namely, that we must eliminate sanctu-
aries as his subcommittee has reported;
and, second, the national scandal of al-
lowing any aircraft flak to build up to
the point at which it forces those who
would interdict supplies to our men fight-
ing against aggression in South Vietnam
up to the place where the surface-to-air
missiles can shoot them down.
Insofar as the nuclear frigates are
concerned, it has often been proved to
every member of the Committee on
Armed Services, as the distinguished
gentleman from South Carolina has so
well said, that a nuclear-powered task
force can train as it deploys. This is all
that needs to be said.
Mr. RIVERS. It is so simple, people do
not talk about it.
They can train at full speed. Speed is
no anchor, and energy is no anchor.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, this has been
demonstrated. But I want to point out
that had it not been for this Congress
and its Committee on Armed Services,
under the leadership of the distinguished
gentleman through the years even before
he became chairman of the committee,
we would not have the strategic military
airlift that could do as was done yester-
day, deploy a division in less than 21
days 12,000 miles halfway around the
world.
Mr. RIVERS. I take no credit for that.
I will say the gentleman is entitled to
as much credit for this as I am. This very
exercise was discussed in our committee
in 1960, the deployment in Southeast
Asia should these 141's ever be built. The
141's are built.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE December 1.3, 1967
The last came off the line. I saw it roll
off. We have over 160 of them, and they
can deploy troops very fast.
Mr. HALL. If the gentleman will yield
further, I will make one further observa-
tion. It is also true we would have neither
an undersea nuclear-propelled Navy nor
a surface nuclear capability if it were
not for the Congress of the United States
passing mandatory authorization law
and mandatory usage of appropriations;
and, had the Secretary of Defense ac-
cepted the advice of the committee, un-
der the distinguished chairman, we
would not be defenseless against the
FOBS-that is, the fractional orbital
bombing system.
Mr. RIVERS. I thank the gentleman.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Scpeaker,
will the gentleman. yield?
Mr. RIVERS. I yield to the distin-
guished gentleman from 'California.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN, Mr. Speaker,
I thank the gentleman for yielding and
suggest to the House that the very dis-
tinguished chairman of the Armed Serv-
ices Committee, in my judgment, has
performed a magnificent service, not
only to the House of Representatives,
but to the people of this country, of the
United States. In many ways his com-
ments here today are somewhat remi-
niscent of comments of a very distin-
guished American a few years ago, ,Billy
Mitchell, when he tried to alert the Na-
tion to the fact that airpower and the
use of aircraft would serven the interest
of the security of this Nation.
As one of the pilots who served on air-
craft carriers under operational circum-
stances during World. War II, I want to
testify to the accuracy of the comments
made by the gentleman and compliment
him for bringing this very important
matter, relating to nuclear aircraft car-
riers, to the Congress today.
Mr. RIVERS. I thank the gentleman.
Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS. I yield to the distin-
guished gentleman from Massachusetts.
Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I have
been deeply interested in the outstanding
speech made by the distinguished leader
of the Armed Services Committee today.
He touched upon some very crucial mat-
ters, both in presenting the report of the
fine committee that has been sent to
the Far East and also in pinpointing and
emphasizing the importance of the nu-
clear development of naval craft.
It is a field to which the gentleman
from South Carolina has given his con-
stant attention, as he has given it to
other fields connected with the armed
services. The interpretations he has
made not only in this area but in every
other area related to this country have
been preeminent and outstanding in
every respect. I think that fact is rec-
ognized not only by members of his com-
mittee, but also by Members of the House,
who are familiar with the constant at-
tention and diligence and expertise, the
gentleman from South Carolina has ex-
ercised in all his close attention and work
With respect to these matters.
1 think it is very important that the
Members of the House should have? the
benefit of the excellent report that has
been forwarded here from the Far East
in respect to the findings and recommen-
dations of the subcommittee, that has
been sent there by the chairman to make
these very important evaluations.
I also think that of the greatest im-
portance perhaps to the defense and
security of this country is that the Com-
mittee on Armed Services, both in the
House and, in the other body, and the
Members of this Congress should become
vitally aware, as the distinguished chair-
man had urged they should become, con-
cerning the paramount importance and
paramount urgency of developing and
pressing forward nuclear development of
our Navy, so that the dreams that were
experienced some years ago by those who
first projected this important subject-
including Admiral Rickover and the
chairman himself as well as others who
are affiliated and associated with this
great work-shall be carried forward.
As the gentleman has implied, con-
sidering the dangers which surround us
not only in the Middle East but elsewhere
throughout the world, it is of utmost im-
portance that we should have the best in
this jet-powered age of speed, of speedy
communication and of speedy movement,
the day of the rocket and the day of the
jet aircraft. It is to my mind very im-
portant that we should not fall behind
in the development of naval craft. In
that respect, the modernization and the
fullest possible implementation of a nu-
clear navy certainly must be, as the
chairman so appropriately recommend
here today, one of the major objectives
of this Congress.
I commend the chairman for his ex-
cellent speech, and I want to assure him
of my continued support of his objectives
and in regard to what he has spoken of
this afternoon so thoughtfully and in
such a timely manner,
Again I commend the chairman for the
splendid remarks he has made. I know
the House will heed his warnings and
will follow the prescriptions he has laid
down for the nuclear development of a
modern navy.
Mr. RIVERS. I thank the gentleman.
There will be those who will say,
"RIVERS and his committee know more
than the Department of Defense of what
is good for the Navy."
The recent Chief of Naval Operations
testified to the need for this DLGN. The
former Secretary of the Navy then asked
his boss to give him these two DLGN's
of the past. He is now Deputy Secretary
of Defense. Every military man who is
"in the know" has recommended it. We
even brought one in from the faraway
Pacific, from the Tonkin Gulf, to testify.
The Committee on Appropriations rec-
ommended it. The Joint Committee on
Atomic Energy, through the gentleman
from California [Mr. HOLIFIELD] has
written one of the finest treatises I have
ever read on nuclear surface propulsion
for our Navy. -
So we are in company with everybody,
who is supposed to know. Everybody who
is supposed to know has recommended
it, and then one man stops it.
Mr. R.ANDALL. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS. I yield to a distinguished
Member of the committee, the gentleman
from Missouri [Mr. R NDALL].
Mr. RANDALL. I thank the gentleman.
I happened on the floor not knowing of
the gentleman's speech, but the more the
gentleman talked the better it sounded.
The gentleman has made a great contri-
bution.
Mr. RIVERS. I thank the gentleman
very much.
Mr. RANDALL. I am pleased that I
had the chance to hear him.
The chairman of our committee is to
be commended I want to associate my-
self with this iemarks. More than that.
I want to say that when the committee
meets, as a member of the committee. I
am sure the gentleman is going to have
most of the members of his committee
back of him, perhaps the entire corn-
m.ittee. Many of us feel like the chairman
of our committee.
There Is no excuse for some of the
things that are going on about which the
gentleman spoke. Executive privilege is
all right. Ratl.er it is all right in As
place. But the language the gentleman
spoke about was mandatory language.
The very plain facts are that the Depr:~rt-
ment of Defense has made no com-
pliance with our mandatory language
and no effort to comply.
Mr. RIVERS. There is no effort. There
has been complete and total ignoring of
the Congress, ignoring of the law, ignor-
ing of the secu -ity of the United States.
What can be more intolerable? I just, do
not know.
Mr. RANDALL. I want to take this one
moment to say again the gentleman has
performed a service to this country. Our
distinguished chairman has performed
a real service today in calling attention
once more to scmething the Defense :De-
partment has amitted, to do to some-
thin; that has not been done, to some
thing which somehow in some way must
be done.
Mr. RIVERS. We will find a way to
force this issue and to force this decision.
I thank the gentleman very much.
Mr. Speaker, [ have no further require-
ment for time.
SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF
LOURDES ACADEMY IN CLEVELAND
The SPEAKER pro tempore, Under a
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. F:IIGHax] is recogz--
nized for 30 minutes.
M:,?. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, Lourdes
Academy has etood as a monument to
education in mlr congressional district in
Cleveland for '15 years. Its registration
has increased yearly. The words of its
alma mater "Light of Lourdes. be as a
flame; make u; worths' of your name"
symbolizes the spirit of those who have
been fortunate enough to attend this ex-
cellent school. In 1896 the first graduat-
ing class consisted of three young wome:a;
since that time more than 4,000 young
ladies have graduated. from Lourdes
Academy. Both of my sisters, Cecelia: and
Ann, are alumnae of Lourdes; Cecelia re-
turned as Sister Ann Cecile to join the
faculty and has taught there for a num-
ber of years.
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December 13, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE H 16925
officers had seen the possibilities of using While in the Seventh Fleet, Long Beach We will want whatever freedom from base
nuclear power for naval propulsion. was assigned to a task in support of air oper- or mobile logistical support that is attainable,
Following a period of intensive debate ations against North Vietnam. This task re- and some proportion of our escorts should be
within the Government as it not unusual quired Long Beach's maintaining an inde- capable of steaming at high speeds with our
in the face of revolutionary change, the pendent station in a relatively small area. large attack carriers in all sorts of sea con-
4tomic Energy Commission, in April 1948, Since Long Beach did not have to withdraw ditions.
authorized a Submarine Thermal Reactor from station to refuel periodically, and since The combat capabilities these ships will
project proposed by the Navy. The first re- she could steam at higher speed than con- have are determined by the various kinds and
search and conceptual design work on the ventional ships while in transit to station, levels enemy threats ready to defeat in the
our
reactor was done here' in Chicago, at the she was able to be on the line almost a 1970s. Wbe to the t enemy rea yr to d defend forces
Argonne National Laboratory. month longer than a conventional ship. availa in to A naval officer from Chicago, Vice Admiral Thus, from such experience, we are estab- own offensive naval task forces. Much tech-
sabeing made to design
Hyman G. Rickover, has played the central lishing firm evidence of just some of the nological sonars progress is
sub-
role. He was the leading advoate of nuclear operational advantages that can be derived new of high detect
to permit early
and to to
warning of hostile advanced eradars capability
early
power for naval use and he has been in from nuclear-powered surface ships. marines and
charge of the program responsible for the Throughout the Seventh Fleet deployment lay waringo mental efforts are leading to mod-
We of nuclear power to naval ships. of these nuclear-powered ships, their opera- ern wee ons and countermeasures of mark-
anti-
foresight ale still reaping the benefits of the tions were characterized by high reliability of P
foresight and energy of this great American. the engineering plants and an instant readi- edlyteincreased c ap biity nd meet
etr the seas.
In a moment, I will describe the extent to Hess to move from one assignment to an- cipated e not a simple n, under, and however, to re.
which the IA. Navy has made the transition other without the time delay involved in matter, however,
we must -
nemy eftatw u the
to nuclear propulsion. That background is dependence on fleet oilers, late capable the various
requirement deterring, or threats or nuclear power the
important because we face decisions that will In the sustained type of operations being capable a to a of
determine the role of the nuclear-powered conducted in Southeast Asia, nuclear power t sqir in
surface escort in the Navy. I refer to the ap- minimizes the periods these ships are off sta- our affords escort hiups, but The f other oratuclionel al advantage
power decision both for against t nu-
plication of nuclear power to ship types tion or in transit from one task assignment it is which are outgrowths of the World War II to another. In terms of utilization, experi- fluence the
invo re-
destroyer-the guided missile frigates and ence in that area shows that three nuclear I ke to ues
question t the would like
destroyers. It is this issue of nuclear power ships can do what four conventionally pow- view There with is you q some
sf the costs were
which I will address tonight. ered ships do in a similar six to seventh the same, a nuclear ship would be superior
In January 1955, USS Nautilus, the first month deployment. This factor is particu- to a conventionally-powered ship besue of
nuclear-powered submarine, put to sea. Other larly significant in extended combat situa- the conve tio?? 11 being f ship b the rof
re-
nuclear-powered attack submarines followed, tions, like Vietnam, where rotation of ships advantage . ng free, the costs
equal. to r e A fuel. escort ship
and will total 68 when those authorized com- on and off the line and from one task group quirement
plete construction. The operational accom- to another is required to sustain the level of costs about twice as much a build o a c
plishments of these ships are well known to pressure desired. ventionall owered shi
you: hip
The future course of Naval nuclear- Y-p p'
The initial costs are greater for a number
Voyages under the polar ice cap by Nautilus powered ship construction will be judged and of reasons. However, initial investment is Her
and Skate., decided against this background of 12 years' a full indication r true cost. The costs of
Surfacing at the North Pole by Skate. experience. operating
force of nuclear-powered attack submarines, also be considered in order to determine its
merged, by Triton.
steaming on nuclear power for more than ballistic missile submarines, and attack car- lifetime or true cost.
of
costs gh m the more poonwer the plant t o of
60,000 miles, without refueling, by Nautilus. riers. Many of these ships are already at sea. For example, , though
It was these early phenomenal successes Their operational experience, in diverse mis- the r r ex ex, it nuclear
a cshtes without refueling for a
with submarines that led to the strategic sions, has been beyond anything we could ding
large A amount c connvenentioio fuelnally-oilpowerea
erred
concept of relatively invulnerable underwater have imagined 20 years ago. perioshid d of f years.
conditions.
platforms for ballistic missiles. The Navy is planning a construction pro- reuires s under normal operating of
cost n the millions o r ff gconditions.
Largely through the leadership of Vice Ad- gram for nuclear-powered attack carriers in few The day
miral William F, Raborn, Jr., the Navy and alternate years. Construction of USS Nimitz Tehh used the ion of gallons, conventionally -powered
private industry joined the capabilities of will commence soon and the Secretary of De- ohs rd by of would ll included
nuclear-powered submarines to an under- fence has approved two additional nuclear- P over a period years
water-launched ballistic missile system and powered carriers, programmed to start in fis- in its lifetime cost, but not in its initial cost.
The cost of supplying this fuel also must be
produced our country's most nearly r t cal year 1969 and 1971. charged to the operating cost of the conven-
as able P deterrent system, commonly referred red to o how many and what issue kind of nuclear-powered tionally-powered In the. same vein, the
In n Nov Igov, ember 1960, the first Polaris sub- escort ships we should build, such as Long cost of replacement of reactor cores must be
marine, USS George Washington, deployed Beach, Bainbridge, and Truxtun, in order to charged to the operating costs of nuclear-
cn patrol. Today, only 7 years later all 41 of escort and support our attack carriers, both powered ships.
the authorized fleet ballistic missile sub- nuclear and conventionally-powered, and to These and other calculations indicate that
marines have entered the Fleet. give added operational flexibility to all types the lifetime cost ratio of nuclear and con-
At same time, work applying the of naval task forces. ventionallymatel two--to-one,powered as in ships the is case not of approxi-
invest-
advarltages of nuclear power r to the surface The question involves a complex analysis ment cost, but more like 1.5-to-one.
Navy went ahead with the result that USS of whether the greater cost of nuclear-pow- Thus, even taking account of an the rele-
Enterprise, the largest attack aircraft carrier ered surface escort ships is offset by their veTt lifetime costs, the nuclear ship costs
ever built, and the guided missile cruiser, greater effectiveness. The best course of ac- more. We must, t, theore, a selective in
USS Long Beach, were commissioned in 1961. lion is less clear than nuclear power for sub-
USS Bainbridge, a nuclear-powered guided marines and attack carriers. Escort ships will determining the proper mix between nuclear
missile frigate, was 'commissioned in 1962, have to perform multiple combat tasks, simi- and non-nuclear powered ships for our new
and her sister ship, USS Truxtun, joined the lar in scope to the missions assigned to the construction and modernization programs.
work-horse World War II destroyer with With amphibious and logistic 'forces, for
Fleeter June Lf this year, example, the advantages of the nuclear-
the which many you are familiar. propelled escort are not particularly great,
E completed Long Beach, and Bainbridge
have e corr~pleted recent deployments to the Our present-day surface escort fleet-the because of the slower speed and limited
Seventh Fleet in the Western Pacific. With destroyers, destroyer escorts, frigates and nduranco of the other ships involved.
these ships and Truxtun, the Navy is gaining cruisers that give protection to our carrier
operational experience with nuclear-powered task forces, underway replenishment groups, On the other hand, nuclear-propelled es-
and amphibious task forces-contains many corts would be most useful when accompany-
sunterphi a and Long Beach have shown the ships that were built in World War II. These ing our high-speed carriers and when the
nterprise
E
case with which nuclear-powered d ships can are rapidly approaching the point where the escorts are on independent missions that re-
steam at speeds of more than 30 knots for combat capability they represent must be quire endurance and flexible response not
indefinite periods, permitting the prompt de- supplemented and improved by new ships. limited by the necessity to refuel.
ployme'nt of naval 'offensive power to any The Navy is embarked on an analysis to de- I referred earlier to the analytical studies
point`of jibed. Last June, when it was possi- fine the type and number of escorts required we are con matters. tosgain Insights o include n these
ble that, naval forces would be required in in the future. We are looking at all the tradi-
the IZed ear Enterprise and Long Beach, then tional destroyer tasks-detection and killing tegic lid war the interaction aa between
in the South China Sea, could have been of submarines; defense against aircraft and, many variations
placed on station in the Suez Canal area in the modern combat environment against friendly and enemy forces,
withiii a period of about one week. Conven- missiles; shore bombardment; and a capabil- Let me illustrate what I mean. We have
tionally powered ships that were available, In. sty for self-defense when operating inde- looked in detail at combat situations which
el. sup orting fleet oilers, would have pendently or at long distances from the task could be encountered both in the Western
which the escort is assigned to support. Pacific and North Atlantic. In each of these
en aln os twice ghat time. force
t
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H 16926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE December 13, 1967
areas, our own capabilities and those of all ships the Navy can usefully employ. One than ever before. And, as I have suggested,
enemy vary in response to proximity of bases, such factor is personnel. The rate at which these options include deployment to the
logistical requirements, local forces, the mo- the Navy would be able to train officers and area of threat without commitment until
bility of main forces, and a host of other fac- men to operate and maintain a substantial the political decision is made.
tors that are not fixed. By exhaustive exam- increase in nuclear power plants would be I appreciate this opportunity to review
ination of combinations of these factors, it is limited, In view of the length and depth of with you a matter of great importance to
possible to see more clearly the escort force the training involved. Moreover, retention in the Navy. The oTcers and men of the Navy
level and capabilities that the Navy should the Navy of such highly skilled technicians appreciate the support they have always; re-
have in the 1970s for a proper balance be- will always be a continuing problem. We have ceived from Chicago and the Middle West,
tween offensive and defensive capabilities. already cut into the available cadre of highly and in their behalf I express thanks to all
First, it becomes clear that we need more technical personnel in manning the 114 nu- of you.
destroyers to.deal with, an enemy submarine clear submarines and ships now in the Fleet
threat than to deal with the air threat, be- or authorized. To the extent this is done, the PIESS RELEASE
cause submarines are harder to detect and calibre and skill of men left to man non-
destroy than aircraft. This confirms the es- nuclear ships becomes progressively lower. (By Donald ii. May)
sential wisdom of the present configuration A. second limitation is the industrial base WP.SHIxee new ucI Navy e prsurfacgi s-
of our destroyer force. for making nuclear propulsion equipment. build. three new hough it doe n't s quite h es- our ships are equipped to deal with While this base has expanded as a result of Chet ships even nhoagh it doesn't quite have
the submarine threat but only some are also the naval reactors program, much of it is the 8420 million cash in hand to pay for
equipped to deal with the complete spec- currently committed to commercial and in- them.
trum of the air threat. dustrial power programs and thus not read- authority Beyond to to this, uild the a lot Navy also more is nu9clear-p for a
Second, our studies show that, in the event ily available for meeting Navy needs. Al- cried ships for use owt
of a war involving our naval task forces though the industrial base can and undoubt- of fed them ethree guided the mid 1970s. First
and enemy submarines, aircraft and mis- edly will be expanded, it will take time and similar are three gmissile Bainbridge,
sties, we would need so many destroyers could add to the current costs for nuclear- cimmito the atom-powered Bainbridge,
for such diverse tasks that it would not be powered ships. commissioned M .962, and the Truxton, cr.,m-
corn-
economical to have all of them nuclear We in the Navy have made a detailed re- missioned
Shipbuilders ast May,
powered. view of thew complex considerations, keeping Sas, similar Mols,tot e Navy coon nth
Third, the analyses dhow that there is a in perspective the anticipated threat to ufor fortis, the Biro o to bids, to the Navy last month
strong case to be made for having some forces in the 1970s. The calculations on force proposed a new the aa;vy These are al e
conventionally-propelled destroyers exclu- requirements should leave no room for un- with se firm and the the be will negot;:ate
sively equipped to sink submarines and addi- necessary risk. If we are to deter aggression, with the firm Making the best offer.
tional conventionally-propelled destroyers the forces we develop must be capable of The Navy could wend up making contracts g equipped to counter aircraft, missiles, and defeating that aggression should conhis is the its l wt etting the money.
submarines, and to provide g it neverthe- This is the re,; W f-a complex debatt
gAnfire support. less occur. for !ton The studies, therefore, make it clear that But we should bear in mind that the Nav the waged Navy years in achinrDm over how fear
the combination of these two categories of offers the decision-maker a unique choice of Navy should switch fsf oil sail xxclear
conventionally-powered destroyers can escort options to control and limit conventional and coal. to change as hard as from sato coal
most efficiently all of our naval forces and warfare once initiated. If we are to preserve and coal. o oil.
convoys except our fast carriers. this flexibility and advantage of sea power, l' with major congressional atomic affairs have
There are, however, substantial advant- we must maintain our ability to defend our ing e wmilitary and atogr s toward d a
ages in having nuclear power in ships which offensive striking forces against a variety of generally urged speedy progress toward a
must escort nuclear powered carriers. threats. It is through a strong defense that nuclear Navy.
If the escorts must refuel or replenish more the options to commit various levels of naval The Navy itself has crusaders such as Viu-
frequently than the nuclear-powered car- offensive power are preserved. clear Hyman n , and others who could ne
riers they escort, then the operational ad- If the United States were challenged at clear submarines, and others who could be
vantage of these carriers is diminished. The sea, it might be in our Interest to confine caTh Defense
entire task force can take fuller advantage conflict to the areas of the sea. But to do The Navy's purse Department,, has been ce most
of these benefits if the escorts are nuclear so, we would require a flexible and effective the Nant purse strings, has been the more
powered. defense against enemy forces that operated reluctant.
At the same time, the endurance of nuclear- from safe bases. Obviously, there would be Over the past three years Congress has t pe
Powered escorts also provides a flexibility an equal premium on offensive task forces three nuclear Xr5 frigates, million for the first of the
for stationing and. for independent tasks of our own that could engage and defeat the seconds and$20rr illionl to3buylf Ic grlead
when in company with conventionally- enemy at sea, but these task forces must be time" equipment 'or the third. This total;;
powered carriers. defended until victory is won. alpropriatiDns.
While all the benefits of nuclear propul- The same sort of balance between the of- $3So.3 r,llthe in of mss Depart
sion for surface ships are not easily quan- tense and the defensive forces that give our So fro, the Defense Department has re-
readily a. Navy y $150.5 million >or the
tifiable in the context of studies, they are task forces freedom of operation applies to first sl p. But th,~11Navy believes it for a
pparent to tactical commanders. options available to the decision-maker to strong congressional mandate.
First, there is the increased tactical flexi- counter a limited war initiated by an aggres- in. its last autho:'lzation bill, Congress de-
bility made possible by unlimited endurance sor on land.
at high speed? We can deploy a nuclear- In judging these many factors, the Navy ered guidedlm} ile ships, substituted nuclear
powered ship from the West Coast to the believes it should go forward with a long- ships, and goaded the Pentagon to build
South China Sea in nine days while a normal range program to construct both nuclear- them "as fast as practicable," unless the
-transit for conventionally-powered ships is powered and conventionally-powered escorts. President found it would not be in the
close to 15 days. It is clear that all escort ships should not tional interest."
Second, nuclear power makes possible be nuclear powered because their additional There has been r o presidential veto.
longer, round-about routes to avoid storms. costs are not offset by operational advan- The Navy now eas one nuclear aircraft
Third, in wartime, high-speed endurance tages in some of the missions to be per- , Enrprise an is would enhance the ability of carrier task formed. It is equally clear to the Navy, have eth eeesnore built by 1174.sTheicurrent
forces to attack enemy shores along a greater however, that some of its escort ships should debate is over how many nuclear-powered es-
perimeter of coastline. It would also enhance be nuclear-powered.
their ability to evade and outrun submarine tort ships those carriers should have.
attack.
. The Navy will propose to the Secretary of A Navy project called the Major Fleet Es-
they could make high-speed tran- Defense, within the next few weeks, a con- cort study, conducted between January and
sits for the aviation fuel and -speed tan- struction program for fleet escorts that will July, came to the conclusion that there
nesdfo to continue in action, and ammunition were include both nuclear and conventionally should be three kinds of escorts-antisub-
needed t actpostpone o, If this such werere powered ships. This program looks to an marine warfare destroyers, antiaircraft mis-
nece ary. They expansion of the numbers of our nuclear sile ships, and a smaller number of nuclear.
out plenishment s a given if the could in moment were dangers very carrying it f fy high. They ships over the next five years. With powered missile ships.
Y the construction of these ships, and the The report said there would be strong ad-
would not be concerned with a loss of fuel construction of additional conventionally- vantages to having e capability to assign one
oil facilities or with the problems of a refuel- powered escorts, the surface escort forces will nuclear escort ship to each of the Navy's it
ing rendez-sous exproute to destination.
be modernized to meet the anticipated threat attack carriers or alternatively to assign all.-
These factors, and others like them, are of the 1970s. groips important to the tactical commander, but, nuclear reach Of the (traditionally four
difficult to quantify in economic terms. We The pay-off le r o a Navy properly- , All f the ships (to each of the four planned nucle?
believe they are of sufficient weight, however, with nuclear power is high. All of the era- carriers.
to
b e toy increased costs of nuclear ewer ditional characteristics of naval power are The 14 months the Enterprise and Bain-
An offensive striking force may bridge have spent in water; off Vietnam,
and to justify a force of both nuclear and be placed quickly anywhere In the world along with eight months for the nuclear
conventionally powered escorts, where the oceans and seas allow. The naval cruiser Long Beach, have provided Navy men.
Apart from cost, there are other factors options available to the nation in time of with new arguments for nuclear power. They
that tend to limit the number of nuclear crisis will be more responsive to demand cite the ability of the ships to stay longer
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 'December 13, 1b67 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 1116923
One of the most encouraging aspects of In his speech the Secretary of the I hope the Department of Defense is
the war, to date, is the increasing confidence Navy tabulated a number of the major not confusing the DXGN's of the future
and admiration expressed by American com- advantages of nuclear surface warships. with the DLGN's of the present. The
mangers for the AR'cZN forces. However, more
ARVN troops are required, for eventually However, most of the rest of the speech Committee on Armed Services and the
these forces must achieve and maintain the is devoted to discussing the fact that the Congress want two more nuclear-pow-
security of their own nation. Navy is carrying on a "complex analysis ered frigates started this year.
Mr. Speaker, this subcommittee is still -of whether the greater cost of nuclear- Further, the conference report of the
at work in the Far subcommittee I have powered escort ships is offset by their Senate-House Armed Services Commit-
hard har very much impressed with the have greater effectiveness." tees of May 22, 1967, on the fiscal year in- .
terim report which they have submitted This "complex analysis" apparently 1968 defense authorization stated Cate-
to me From my own knowledge, I am does not consider many of the major ad- gorically that the money authorized for
le e. cin their obser- vantages of nuclear propulsion since in contract definition of new destroyer
-able to say that for me his speech the Secretary said these ad- types-called the DX/DXG-shall not be
able o ions, I t a hope it I it Will concur
ill be possible for
this House vantages are "not easily quantifiable in used to study or design new guided mis-
to the not-to-distant future. the context of studies." ' sile ships (DXG) not powered with a
I recently wrote a letter to Mr. Ignatius naval nuclear propulsion plant. Frankly,
NUCLEAR-r'tiwERED NkVY in which I said: I do not know how Congress can make
Mr. Speaker, 'I would like to discuss Now that the Defense Appropriations for its position on this matter any more
another vital matter and that is the very fiscal year 1968 have been signed into law clear. We are bound and determined that
important issue of providing nuclear by the President, it is appropriate to inquire we shall provide our Navy with nuclear
propulsion for the new major fleet es- when the Department of the Navy is going powered surface warships. We must build
corts the Navy must guild for our naval to contract for building the two nuclear a modern nuclear Navy without delay.
striking forces. propelled frigates for which funds have been The Secretary's speech says that some
authorized and appropriated this year?
Some of you may have seen the recent missions for destroyer types do not re-
press releases which reported on a speech I trust that the answer will not be to point quire the advantages of nuclear propul-
to by the new Secretary of the Navy, to studies being made for there have been sion and that we therefore need both
the Honorable Paul R. Ignatius, in which authorization too many statute already. carries mandatory This why the
Ian- nuclear and conventional escort ships.
m
he announced that the Navy will propose gauge. But he does not point out that we al-
to the Secretary of Defense, within the ready have a lot of conventional escorts
next few weeks, a construction program I received an answer on October 24 and only three nuclear escorts in op-
for fleet escorts that will include both stating: eration. Clearly the urgent need now is
nuclear and conventionally powered The overall escort shipbuilding program is to get on with building more nuclear es-
currently under intensive discussion within
ships. In his speech, Mr. Ignatius cites torts for the striking forces-these must
the many Department of Defense. As a result, the take
y important advantages of nu- funds for the nuclear-powered frigates have priority over any increases in con-
clear propulsion in surface warships and not yet been released by the Secretary of ventional escorts that may also be re-
the superior performance of the nuclear Defense. quired for the less severe requirements of
carrier Enterprise, the nuclear cruiser the nonstriking forces.
I infer from the Secretary of the I B
been nuclear
Long Beach, and the nuclear ainbridge during deployment with gthe Navy's letter that the DLGN program that have three
authorized by
already authorized is now being con-
7th Fleet off Vietnam. He points out Congress in the last 3 years must be
that- fused by the DX/DXGN program being contracted for now. That is the law. If
The Nav is p rennin a construction ction studied by the DOD for the future. I am the Department of Defense and the
gram for uclear-pninge attack rsro- not so naive as to fail to realize that the Navy think that the Congress will re-
alternate years. Construction of USS Nimitz overall escort shipbuilding program," treat from its insistence on the steady
will commence soon and the Secretary of which includes the Navy's current studies and progressive conversion of our naval
Defense has approved two additional nu- of future major fleet escort require- striking forces to nuclearpower they
clear-powered carriers, programmed to start ments involving DX's, DXG's, and simply are not facing reality.
in fiscal year 1969 and 1971. DXGN's could be used as an excuse to Endless "studies" have been used as
The unresolved issue before the Navy is delay for several years the construction an excuse to procrastinate on this issue
how many and what kind of nuclear-powered of the two nuclear-powered frigates au-
escort ships we should build, such as Long far too long. It is time that everybody
Beach, Bainbridge, and Truxtun, in order thorized this year. recognize that phase is over. I assure you
to escort and support our attach, car- What we need is to build more nuclear I speak for the entire Armed Services
riers, both nuclear and conventionally-pow- powered surface warships now, and not Committee on this matter. The use of
ered, and to give added operational flexibil- waste time making some more useless "studies" to delay the utilization of nu-
tty to all types of naval task forces. studies. The Congress has made its posi- clear power in warships has been so ob-
Nuclear-propelled escorts would be most tion on this matter crystal clear. For vious and so flagrant an abuse that I
useful when accompanying our high-speed
carriers and when the escorts are on the last 2 years the Congress has refused think we must look more carefully at
inde-
pendent missions that require endurance and to appropriate funds for the non-nuclear how the Department of Defense is in-
flexible response not limited by the necessity guided missile ships requested by the creasing its expenditures for studies of
to refuel. Department of Defense and has sub- all types. If we are'not getting more for
Secretary Ignatius says that there are stituted nuclear-powered guided missile our money out of other Defense studies
"substantial for the non-nuclear guided missile than we have in the case of nuclear
tial advantages in having nu-
h
s
ips. The authorization acts for the last power, we should stop allowing money to
clear power in ships which must escort 2 years have contained mandatory ran- be spent on them.
nuclear powered carriers. He continues: guage that the contracts for the con- Congress will meet its constitutional
If the escorts must refuel or replenish more
frequently struction of the nuclear powered guided responsibility to "provide and maintain
than the nuclear-powered car-
ri missile ships authorized by the Congress a Navy." ers they escort, then the operational ad In these days of rapidly in-
vantage of these carriers is diminished. The "shall be entered into as soon as practica- creasing Soviet naval strength includ-
entire task force can, Sake full advantage of ble unless the President fully advises the ing both missile launching and attack
these benefits If the escorts are nuclear- Congress that their construction is not nuclear submarines, rapidly declining ac-
powered. in the hational,interest." cess to overseas bases, and the increas-
At the same time the endurance of nu- Despite this language the Department ing importance of flexibility in the de-
clear powered escorts also provide a flexibil- of Defense is apparently still "studying" ployment of our naval striking forces,
ity for stationing and for independent tasks whether or not to build these nuclear nuclear
when In company with conventionally pow- powered warships are a vital
ered carriers, powered escorts when they should be requirement for our, national security.
While all the beneatp of nuclear propulsion
for, urfaee.s}.~ips are not easily quantifiable
in, 'tle CopteXt of st}ldies, they are readily
,Iv- -lot
wnrplylug with bile raw enactea oy von- I;ungress nas mace it clear that it can,
gress and signed by the President that must, and will provide them, _ _ _ .
requires that they be built as soon as Mr. Speaker, unless contract awards
 H 16924
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE DecembE:r 13, 1967
frigates, to which I have referred, by
January of 1968, I am contemplating
asking the Committee on Armed Services
that no authorization of any major
iterps be approved by the Congress next
year, unless the President makes a find-
ing as is required by law,
I am sick and tired of having the Com-
mittee on Armed Services and the Con-
gress of the United States treated like
little children. We represent the people
of the United States,
Not a single member of the Depart-
ment of Defense has been elected by the
people. The people I represent, the peo-
ple the members of the Committee on
Armed Services represent, and the people
the House represent want two more nu-
clear powered frigates in our fleet. They
want them started now.
I will not tolerate any further delay by
the arrogance of one man who seeks to
thwart the will of Congress and There-
with and hereby serve notice,
Mr. Speaker, if there is no objection
I will insert in the RECORD at this point
the press statements, the speech by the
Secretary of the Navy, and my recent
exchange of correspondence on this sub-
ject with the Secretary, to which I
referred:
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES,
Washington; D.C., October 5, 1967..
Hon. PAUL R. IGNATIUS,
Secretary of the Navy,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Now that the De-
fense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1968
have been signed into law by the President,
it is appropriate to inquire when the De-
partment of the Navy is going to contract
for building the two nuclear propelled frig-
ates for which funds have been authorized
and appropriated this year?
I trust that the answer will not be to point
to studies being made for there have been
too many studies already. This is why the
authorization statute carries mandatory
language.
Sincerely,
L. MENDEL RIVERS,
Chairman.
THE-.SECRETARY OF THE NAVY,
Washington, D.C., October 24, 1967.
Hot. L. MENDEL RIVERS,
Chairman, Committee on Armed Services,
House of Representatives, Washington,
D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This letter is in reply
to your 5 October query concerning building
nuclear-powered frigates.
The overall escort ship building program
Is currently under intensive discussion
within the Department of Defense. As a
result, the funds for the nuclear-powered
frigates have not yet been released by the
Secretary of Defense. The current fiscal un-
certainty is a complicating factor. The De-
partment of the Navy is therefore not in a
position-to negotiate with interested con-
tractors for the construction of the ships. I
expect a decision on this subject in the near
future.
Please be assured that I will keep you
advised of decisions in this regard as soon as
they are made.
Sincerely,
PAUL. R. IGNATIVS.
tions informed the Congress that the Navy
was conducting a Major Fleet Escort Study
and It DX/DXG Concept Formulation which
"will have a 'significant impact on future
Navy proposals concerning a long range build-
ing program for Major Fleet Escorts, includ-
ing the question of nuclear power."
A recent United Press release indicates that
at least some of these studies have been com-
pleted. The f'elease said:
"A Navy project called the Major Fleet
Escort Study conducted between January and
July, came to the conclusion that there
should be three kinds of escorts--antisub-
marine warfare destroyers, antiaircraft mis-
sile ships, and as mailer number of nuclear-
powered missile ships.
"The report said there would be strong
advantages to having a capability to assign
one nuclear escort ship to each of the Navy's
15 attack carriers or alternatively to assign
all-nuclear escort ships (traditionally four
ships) to each of the four planned nuclear
carriers."
In view of my repeated requests for all
Department of Defense and Navy studies on
this subject, it seems to me that our Com-
mittee should be able to expect to receive
copies of such studies as soon as they are
completed, and certainly before they are
available for comment in the press.
Would you please forward to the Commit-
tee as soon as possible the studies or parts
of studies of the major fleet escort Issue that
are complete. Please also inform the Com-
mittee of the ,statue of any studies of this
subject still being pursued.
Sincerely,
L. MENDEL RIVERS,
Chairman.
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,
Washington, D.C., December 8, 1967.
Hon. L. MENDEL RIVERS,
Chairman, Committee on Armed Services,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I have received your
letter of November 28, 1967 and am forward-
ing herewith Volumes 1 and 2 of the Navy's
Major Fleet Escort Force Level (MFE) Study
and the Supplement on Endurance (and
Addendum Analysis thereto), together with
my 16 November 1967 forwarding endorse-
ment to the Secretary of Defense. Volume 3
of the Study is still in printing but it will
be forwarded as soon as possible upon com-
pletion.
I wish to reassure you, Mr. Chairman, that
your interest in these studies is understood
and appreciated. The Navy was reluctant,
however, to forward to you portions of the
study prior to the completion of the entire
study.
As to the status of any studies on escorts
still being pursued, an additional major
study effort is now underway. This is the
recently initiated ASW Force Level Study
which addresses the overall ASW efforts to-
ward providing additional Insights as to our
force structure in 1975. The study is expected
to be completed next August and it will be
forwarded to you as soon as possible there-
after.
If you desire, I shall be happy to arrange
a briefing for you at your convenience on the
studies forwarded herewith and the status of
the Navy's study efforts with respect to Major
Fleet Escorts.
Your continuing interest and understand-
Ing of the Navy's concerns in this area are
most appreciated.
Sincerely yours,
PAUL R. IGNATIUS.
[From the Washington Post, Oct. 28, 1967]
NAVY To REQUEST NUCLEAR ESCORTS
CHICAGO, October 27.-Navy Secretary Paul
R. Ignatius announced plans tonight to bol-
ster the Navy's escort fleet with new ships,
some nuclear and some conventionally
powered.
In a speech prepared for delivery at a Navy
League banquet, Ignatius struck a compro-
mise between arguments for nuclear versus
conventional power in escort ships.
He said that in the next few weeks the
Navy will propose to Defense Secretary Rob-
ert S. McNamara a five-year shipbuilding
program to provide; both types of vessels for
the 1970s. McNamara has questioned the
need for nuclear vessels when conventionally
powered ones will do.
Ignatius said nuclear-:powered escorts
would be best able to keep up in speed and
endurance with the four nuclear-powered
aircraft carriers the Navy expects to have by
that time.
But he also cited factors of cost, limita-
tions in training nuclear ship personnel and
limits on nuclear shipbuilding facilities.
which he said weighed in favor of some con-
ventional escort ships.
He did riot say how many or what per-
centage of each t:rpe the Navy proposed to
build or what size escort -:nips should have
nuclear or conventional power.
The Hou.se Armed Services Committee has
long been urging :'aster development of nu-
clear surface ships.
[In Long Beach, Calif., Associated Press
reported, Committee Chairman L. Mendel
Rivers (D.S.C.) said in a :Navy--Day speech
that "I serve notice on tl:ie Department of
Defense here and now that Congress is riot
going to retreat from Its insistence on the
steady and. progressive conversion to nuclear
power." By progressive, he said, he meant it
greater number o:' nuclear ships each year
and development of small. nuclear engines
"as fast as possible."]
REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE PAUL R. I.GNATTUS,
SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, NAVY LEAGUE NAVY
DAY BANQUET, CHICAGO, ILL., OCTOBER 27,
1967
Ladies and gentlemen: I can think of no
more appropriate place for the Secretry of
the Navy to be on Navy Day. Chicago's people
are hospitable to our personnel, and your
industry and technology r-ontribute to our
effectiveness. Your city has always been
known as it good Navy town,
We are grateful for this., particularly at a
time when. Naval and Marine Corps personnel
are engaged in combat, as they are so coura-
geously today in Vietnam. These fine men are
demonstrating each day, by their valor and
dedication, that the Naval Service is indeed
the Mark of a Man. Your Navy Day theme was
well chosen.
Tonight I want ;o review with you a matter
of current and continuing 'Importance to the
Navy--the use of nuclear power to propel our
ships. We look on Chicago as the place of
birth of this greatest advance in naval tech-
nology of this cen:ury.
Nuclear power was harnessed in Chicago
on a cold, windy day in December 1942, when
the first chain reaction was achieved on the
University of Chicago carnpus.
Enrico Fermi, the Italian scientist who
guided the experiment, proposed to :Dr.
Arthur H. Compton that the test should take
place without delay in the now famous
squash court under the west stands of the
Stagg Athletic Pied.
Dr. Compton ha a written of the doubts that
surrounded that event:
"The experiment would be performed in
the midst of a great city. We did not see how
a true nuclear explosion, such as that of an
atomic bomb, could possibly occur. [But] the
outcome of the experiment might . . .
greatly affect the city."
The experiment was a success and, for the
first time, the power of the atom was liber-
ated and controlled.
Even before the first test: of a fission bomb
in the Summer Af 1945, far-sighted naval
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES,
Washington, D.C., November 28, 1967.
Hon. PAUL R. IGNATIUS,
Secretary of the Navy,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Earlier this year, your
predecessor and the Chief of Naval Opera-
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 December j .y, 1,67 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
'violators with positive approaches to
bring them into tlie neighborhood com-
munity. He said because the churches
have a broad outryach they have an im-
portant responsibility in seeking solu-
_tions toproblems. Among the programs
.Reverend Frey outlined as undertaken
by his church and others in Columbus
are: a detached ministry, one minister
who is supported by three di?Terent
cljurohes and who works in a particular
neighborhood as a trained, accredited
'friend-at-large; a "coffee house ministry,
a place where young people of student
age can go to discuss the problems of the
world and of their souls, away from the
sometimes inhibiting atmosphere of the
church.
L. DUMAREE
C. L. Dumaree, assistant superintend-
ent of the Columbus city schools, dis-
cussed, the role of education in juvenile
delinquency. He noted that such virtues
as ionesty, integrity, truth, respect, and
loyalty must be ingrained into youth and
that responsibility is largely in the home,
for from birth to age 18 the schools have
supervision over the child only 9 per-
cent of the time. ,A series of slides were
presented showing how disadvantaged
youth were given, special attention by
WILLIAM; D. CLARKE
William D. Clarke, president of Hil-
scher-Clark Electric Co., of Canton, dis-
cussed the businessman's role in the fight
against crime:
We can't eliminate crime by eliminating
the people. We must do something to allevi-
ate the, pressures that cause people to.com-
nlit crimes.
He described operation Positive which
seeks to solve the root causes of crime.
Three things are needed, he said, com-
munication, recreation, and employ-
ment: -
This.. program seeks to communicate with.
the people by meeting with them in their
neighborhoods, establishes recreation pro-
grams for juveniles, helps children in need
with educational problems, has job place-
ment programs, and does many other things
to help people and thus combat crime.
ED MASON
The concluding speaker was Ed Mason,
former FBI official and now public rela-
tions director of the Columbus, Ohio,
Dispatch. Mr. Mason stated:
The "Let George do it" theme went out in
X776 when Washington turned over the
reigns of government to the people. Each in-
dividual must get involved and set a good ex-
ample in law enforcement and effective gov-
ernment. You will have the ,kind of govern-
ment you choose-the kind you deserve. .
Pride in oneself, one's community, and in
the nation is the attitude of ~a free society.
Freedom is the highest form of personal dis-
cipline and unless one exercises it, freedom is
lost.
Mr. Mason said he was pleased with
the. god intentions indicated by many
present and the large attendance but
warned-
The real test is in the actions you take.
Crime boils down to being anti-social or im-
moral activity which offends the sensitivities
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Mason stated-
1. Our fellow Americans will spend huge
sums for roads and recreation but cast con-
victs into facilities where there is no hope
of rehabilitation.
2. Some garbage collectors are paid more
than some police officials.
3. We are willing to call police officers
trained with a few hours of instructions and
no testing of their learned knowledge.
4. Hypocrites preach good deeds then speed
like demons on the highways.
5. Adults purchase pornographic litera-
ture/and then criticize children for reading
it. /
X . Citizens do not exercise their right and
sponsibility to vote.
/ CONCLUSION
lJ The Eighth District Conference on
Crime and Law Enforcement was an ex-
periment, to see if the people of my area
would join in a frank distrietwide meet-
ing on the problems of combating crime
find what the citizen can do about it. I
ail pleased to report to my colleagues in
thb House that it was a most successful
and' inspiring event. I believe that taken
from` this program were many ideas
which will be implemented by the church
groups, city councils, civic organizations,
and individUXals themselves. I heartily en-
courage other Members of Congress to
help provide a forum where citizens may
gather to plan positive action against our
No. 1 internal menace-crime.
LEGISLATION TO PROVIDE CRIM-
INAL PENALTIES FOR TRAVEL IN
VIOLATION OF PASSPORT, RE-
STRICTIONS
(Mr. GURNEY (at the request of fl,,, (Statement by Republican Coordinating
ZWACH) was granted permission to ex- Committee, Washington, D.C., December
tend his remarks at this point in the " "%11, 1967)
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GURNEY. Mr. Speaker, I am today
introducing legislation making it a crim-
inal offense to travel in violation of pass-
port restrictions. The bill would provide
for imprisonment of up to 2 years and
fines of up to $10,000. fifty years, f r government, for business, for
The time has long passed for giving the home bui der and the home buyer.
some bite to toothless travel bans. The In short, th powerful United States econ-
orny has been and by
State Department is, now given authority an Administr ionewhose weakened
policies are
citizens in fiscal polici
re
to prohibittravel of U
S
c
.
.
er-
marked by id extravagance on the one
tain "restricted" areas. Yet, in the case hand and h., ela? ex
edienc
and
p
y
direct breach of this Government's laws. 0111'-Of our country in the wake of the
His purpose was to attend a World 14.3 percent devaluation of the pound and
Po-
Communist rally. As a featured speaker the subsequent challenge to the dollar. Po-
tential foreign claims against our remaining
at that affair, he spent his allotted time gold supply have risen to over $30 billion.
in a tirade of hate against the United And these claims will continue to increase
States, its President, and its leaders. as our balance of payments deficit this year
He then toured European nations to will soar more than 50 percent higher than
give them the benefit of his show. in 1966. We deplore that the Johnson Ad-
His actions can be called nothing less ministration may soon find it necessary to
than traitorous. request removal of the remaining gold back-
ing behind our currency, now 25 percent,
Yet, when Carmichael returned yester- thus turning it wholly into "paper money."
day, the State Department people met In spite of the Administration's boast of
him to pick up his passport and to give unrivaled prosperity, employment among
hi a receipt for it. ? America's workers is increasing. From a low
He should have been handed a warrant of 3.6 percent in March, the unemployment
for his arrest. And my bill would do just rate climbed to 4.3 percent in October.
that. Inflation is rampant and will get worse.
Due to the failures of the Administration's
When we say Cuba is off limits to the policies, the cost of living is escalating.
CaxixlicklaelS aid OtlWrS, or that trips to Prices went up 3.3 percent in 1966, are now
H 16921
chit-chat with Ho Chi Minh may not be
made, we should mean just that. My bill
would enforce these bans.
Faced with 2 years in jail and a $10,000
fine, these pals of Communists will think
twice before undertaking a junket of
hate mongering against their own coun-
try.
~Mr. GURNEY (at the request of Mr.
ZWACH) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the REc-
ORD and to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. GURNEY'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
LET US STOP CREATING FINANCIAL
CITAOS
(Mr. GERALD R. FORD (at the re-
quest of Mr. ZWACH) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
the National Republican Coordinating
Committee, representing a broad, cross
section of my party's leadership, met
earlier this week in Washington for its
final session of 1967. I believe Members
on both sides of the aisle who are con-
cerned and even alarmed over the course
of fiscal policy in this country will be in-
terested in the full text of a statement
which was unanimously approved by the
National Republican Coordinating Com-
mittee on December 11, 1967. The text of
e United States is at the brink of a fiscal
crisf the full dimensions of which are not
yet c far. International confidence in the
dollar Obeing severely tested. Our dwindling
gold sup y continues to flow out of the coun-
try. Infian is a grim reality. Interest rates
are higher than during last year's serious
supply of $12.4 billion is the
1937-down from $19.4 billion at
 H16922
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE December 13, 1967
rising at about a 4 percent annual rate, and
some observers predict a b percent increase
in 1968. The purchasing power of the Na-
tion's wage earners has declined and those
who must live on a fixed income are having
more and more trouble making ends meet.
Repeatedly the Republican Coordinating
Committee has warnd that the reckless fiscal
policies of the Johnson-Humphrey Adminis-
tration have been leading the Nation toward
fiscal and economic chaos.
Repeatedly, our specific remedies have been
rejected.
On April 30, 1965, we recommended a nine-
point program to prevent the serious econo-
mic problems that were then fast approach-
ing. Our proposals were ignored by the
Johnson-Humphrey Administration.
On March 28, 1966, we warned of increas-
Ing inflation and recommended a thirteen-
point program to stabilize the value of the
dollar. Our pleas fell up deaf Administration
ears.
For the fiscal year 1967, the President esti-
mated a budget deficit of $1.8 billion: the
actual deficit was $9.9 billion even after
much fiscal hocus pocus by the Administra-
tion to improve its appearance.
.. For the fiscal year 1968, the Administration
proposed a budget deficit of $8.1 billion.
We challenged that figure on April 3, 1967,
and predicted "an actual deficit in 1968 of
from $25 to $30 billion or more." We repeated
our recommendation to avoid a deficit of
that magnitude.
On July 24, 1167, we reiterated our pro-
gram to restore fiscal responsibility to gov-
ernment. Again no action was taken by the
Administration.
On November 17, 1367, the President
created near panic in the world financial
markets by mentioning that the deficit
might go as high as $35 billion.
The Democrats have consistently spon-
sored and encouraged vast rises in Federal
spending-which has gone up 97 percent for
non-defense purposes since they took office
in 1961. By July 1, 1968, the cumulative
Democratic deficits for its eight years of
office will total over $60 billion.
Eight years of deficits and irresponsible
spending have brought the Nation to the
brink of financial crisis.
Irresponsibility always exacts its price.
Democratic irresponsibility is now taxing
Americans heavily through inflation and the
Administration's solution is to add to that
burden a ten percent surtax and to raise
the possibility of wage and price controls.
We call for new fiscal policies for the
government of the United States-policies
that will put an end to chronic budget
deficits and inflation by eliminating waste
in public spending and by establishing a
rational order of priorities among Federal
programs.
Credibility and confidence must be re-
stored to this Nation's economic affairs.
,
CORRECTION' OF VOTE Korea. They will next visit Tokyo and be carried out. Not only would such missions
Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, on roll- Kadena Air Force Base in Okinawa. help to reduce our losses of aircraft and
call No. 347 I am recorded as not voting. I have been in communication with the pilots but they would raise pilot morale even
more_
I was present and voted "nay. I ask subcommittee, and am sure that you As to the port of Haiphong, it is perfe::tiy
unanimous consent that the permanent would like to hear about some of their obvious that North Vietnam and the Viet
RECORD and Journal be corrected .ac- impressions and observations during this Cong could not carry on this war without
cordingly. extensive trip. Let me say that their final getting their we ),pons and other war ma-
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there report on the still uncompleted study terials from external sources. On the basis
will not be made probably for some of careful study of intelligence reports and
military to the request of the gentle- ilitary estimates, the Subcommittee is con-
man from New York? - months. But I would like to share with vinced that the principal point of entril is
There was ro objection.
OUR NATIONAL DEFENSE POSTURE :
NUCLEAR PROPULSION FOR NEW
MAJOR FLEET ESCORTS
The SPEAKER pro tempo re (Mr. TuN-
NEY). Under previous order of the House,
the gentleman from South Carolina [Mr.
RIVERS] is recognized for 60 minutes.
Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, in August I
appointed a Special Subcommittee on
National Defense Posture under the
chairmanship of the gentleman from
Virginia, PORTER HARDY. Its other
members are the gentleman from Indi-
ana, CHARLES HALLECK; the gentleman
from Louisiana, F. EDWARD HEBERT; the
gentleman from New York, SAMUEL
STRATTON; and the gentleman from
Alabama, WILLIAM DICKINSON. The gen-
tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. BATES]
and I serve as ex officio'members.
This has been a hard-working sub-
committee and has been meeting con-
stantly since the time it was appointed.
Its mission is a challenging and difficult
one. I have asked that it determine
whether or not there are military plans
and objectives now in existence to win
the war in Vietnam and whether there
is a time schedule for doing so. What is
our military ability to meet concurrent
emergencies that may` arise in other
parts of the world which we are com-
mitted to meet? What is the state of
readiness of our military forces?
If you have not heard about the sub-
committee's activities it is because it
has purposely carried out its assignment
in a manner which would avoid publicity.
All of its hearings have been in executive
session and the testimony will not be
released. This latter decision was made
to encourage the witnesses to express
themselves freely and fully.
It is a grinding, factfinding task-
but also a vital one for the Armed
Services Committee and for the Congress.
Since November 24, the subcommittee
has been traveling throughout the Pacific
and Southeast Asian area. From the day
of their departure, they have had in-
fessional performance and profound dedica-
tion of all our men in uniform to what is an
incredibly difficult task. We believe that In
these circumstances the American people
owe these brave men complete and unflag-
ging suppc.n.
At the same time the Subcommittee feels
very strongly that the attention of the Con-
gress and the American people should be
called to several specific matters which in
our judgment need prompt, action if we are
to speed the day of victory in Vietnam.
It is the overwhelming judgment; of our
military Commanders throughout the Pacific
area that any pause in the bombing of North
Vietnam will serve only to prolong the war
and increase American and Allied casualties.
The Subcommittee fully shares this viraw
that any temporal y cessation of the bomb-
ing campaign can be only to our disadvan..
tage.
There is no qr estion that Cambodia
being used by the North Vietnamese and
the Viet Cong as a sanctuary and for re-
grouping and staging area:: in carrying out
offensive actions.
Not only are enemy supplies being de-
livered overland from the North, but there
is convincing evidence that supplies are corn-
ing into South Vietnam through Cambodia
via two major waterborne sources: The Sea-
port c?f Sihanouk cilia and. up the Mekong
River the lower reaches of which are coin-
pletely within South Vietnam. This must be
known to Prince Eihanouk who refuses pub-
licly to recognize i:. It is the firm view of the
Subcommittee that adequate search and
surveillance measures are not being carried
out.
Immediate step, should be taken to cor-
rect these intolerable situations.
With respect to the air war in North Viet-
nam it is the Subcommittee's judgment
that this campaign is and has been a tremen-
dous factor in h gilding down our military
casualties in the South. But to carry it out,
our pilots are encountering the heaviest and
most effective air defenses in history. These
consist of numne ous highly sopb.isticat;ed
anti-aircraft batteries and Soviet supplied
surface-to-air missiles, both of which are
depth briefings and discussions with taking a costly toll of our pilots and aircnif,;.
CINCPAC in Honolulu; in the Philip- In addition the enemy has deliberately posi-
pines they met with the commanders of tioned these air defenses in heavily populated
the 7th Fleet and the 13th Air Force; areas being convinced that they will tin. s
they had a full session with General escape attack.
Westmoreland and his staff at tiaigon This is an unacceptable condition. The
military should be permitted to designate
and then traveled throughout Vietnam the defenses as primary targets. The present
for on-the-spot meetings with field com- procedure makes flak and SAM (su.rface-tc:-
manders of the Army, Navy, Air Force, air) suppression a very limited pare, of most
and Marine Corps, which included the attack missions and the Subcommittee
scene of the recent 3 weeks' battle at Dak learned that no strikes are specifically flown
To. From Vietnam they went to Thai- for the primary purpose of destroying tick
land and made trips to our bases at and SAM installations. The Subcommittee
also learned that because of the growing ir-
Takhli, Udorn, Ubon, Sattahip and U- tensity of the SAM missiles and flak, pilo-.s
Tapao. Then they moved to Kuala operating over Ncrth Vietnam strongly favor
Lumpur in Malaysia, Singapore, the scheduling of such suppression missions
Hong Kong, and the CMZ in and we emphatic ally urge that their views
Djakarta
you some key portions of the interim, in- Haiphong.
formal report which I have just received This port muse not be permitted to con-
from the subcommittee. I am quoting tinue to be a source of their war supp;y.
now from that report: Finally, the Subcommittee wishes to em
The Members of the Subcommittee are phasize a highly significant requirement that
convinced that our military effort in Viet- must be met if we are to successfully con-
nam Is iziaking progress, but we believe that elude this war. Additional ARVN fcrces
that progress is much too slow.Especially (South Vietnamese troops) must be expecli-
have we been impressed with the superb pro- tiously trained and equipped.
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