FOREIGN ASSISTANCE APPROPRIATIONS FOR 19[6]6

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000600130008-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 86
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 30, 2005
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: October 1, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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October 1, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
A similar House joint resolution (H.J.
Res. 642) was laid on the table.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that all Members have 5
legislative days in which to extend their
remarks on the joint resolution just
passed, and to include extraneous mat-
ter.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection
to the request of the gentleman from
Illinois?
There was no objection.
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the managers
on the part of the House have until
midnight tonight to file a conference
report to accompany H.R. 9042.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ar-
kansas?
There was no objection.
CONFERENCE REPORT (H. REPT. No. 1115)
The committee of conference on the dis-
agreeing votes of the two Houses on the
amendments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
9042) to provide for the implementation of
the Agreement Concerning Automotive Prod-
ucts Between the Government of the United
States of America and the Government of
Canada, and for other purposes, having met
after full and free conference, have agreed
to recommend and do recommend to their
respective Houses as follows:
That the House recede from its disagree-
ment to the amendments of the Senate
numbered 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12, and
agree to the same.
Amendment numbered 1: That the House
recede from its disagreement to the amend-
ment of the Senate numbered 1, and agree
to the same with amendments, as follows:
Restore the matter proposed to be stricken
out by the Senate amendment, omit the
matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate
amendment, and on page 5 of the House
engrossed bill, after line 21, insert the fol-
lowing :
"(e) This section shall cease to be in ef-
fect on the day after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act."
And the Senate agree to the same.
Amendment numbered 2: That the House
recede from its disagreement to the amend-
ment of the Senate numbered 2, and agree
to the same with an amendment, as follows:
In lieu of the matter proposed to be in-
serted by the Senate amendment insert the
following:
"SPECIAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS
"SEC. 205. (a) No later than August 31,
1968, the President shall submit to the Sen-
ate and the House of Representatives a spe-
cial report on the comprehensive review
called for by Article IV (c) of the Agreement.
In such report he shall advise the Congress
of the progress made toward the achievement
of the objectives of Article I of the Agree-
ment.
"(b) Whenever the President finds that any
manufacturer has entered into any under-
taking, by reason of governmental action, to
increase the Canadian value added of auto-
mobiles, buses, specified commercial vehi-
cles, or original equipment parts produced by
such manufacturer in Canada after August
31, 1968, he shall report such finding to the
Senate and the House of Representatives.
The President shall also report whether such
undertaking Is additional to undertakings
No. 182-3
agreed to in letters of undertaking sub-
mitted by such manufacturer before the date
of the enactment of this Act.
"(c) The reports provided for in subsec-
tions (a) and (b) of this section shall in-
clude recommendations for such 'further
steps, including legislative action, if any, as
may be necessary for the achievement of the
purposes of the Agreement and this Act."
And the Senate agree to the same.
Amendment numbered 10: That the House
recede from its disagreement to the amend-
ment of the Senate numbered 10, and agree
to the same with an amendment, as follows:
On page 7, line 4, of the Senate engrossed
amendments, after "specifically shall in-
clude" insert the following: ", to the extent
practicable,"; and the Senate agree to the
same.
W. D. MILLS,
CECIL It. KING,
HALE Boces,
EUGENE J. KEOGH,
JOHN W. BYRNES,
THOMAS B. CURTIS,
JAMES UTT,
Managers on the Part of the House.
HARRY F. BYRD,
RUSSELL B. LONG,
GEORGE SMATHERS,
JOHN J. WILLIAMS,
FRANK CARLSON,
Managers on the Part, of the Senate.
STATEMENT
The managers on the part of the House at
the conference on the disagreeing votes of
the two Houses on the amendments of the
Senate to the bill (H.R. 9042) to provide for
the implementation of the Agreement Con-
cerning Automotive Products Between the
Government of the United States of America
and the Government of Canada, and for
other purposes, submit the following state-
ment in explanation of the effect of the ac-
tion agreed upon by the conferees and rec-
ommended in the accompanying conference
report:
Amendment No. 1: Section 202(a) of the
bill as passed by the House authorized the
President to proclaim modifications of the
Tariff Schedules required to carry out an
agreement with a foreign government pro-
viding for the mutual elimination of the
duties applicable to products of the United
States and such foreign country which are
motor vehicles and fabricated components
intended for use as original equipment in the
manufacture of such vehicles.
Section 202(b) authorized the President
to proclaim modifications of the Tariff Sched-
ules required to carry out a further agree-
ment, with a foreign country having an
agreement applicable to products described
in section 202(a), providing for the mutual
reduction or elimination of the duties appli-
cable to automotive products other than
motor vehicles and fabricated components
intended for original use as original equip-
ment in the manufacture of such vehicles.
Section 202(c) provided that, before the
President enters. into an agreement referred
to in section 202 (a) or (b), he shall-
(1) Seek the advice of the Tariff Com-
mission as to the probable economic effect of
the reduction or elimination of duties on
industries producing articles like or directly
competitive with those which may be covered
by such agreement;
(2) Give reasonable public notice of his
Intention to negotiate such agreement
(which notice shall be published in the
Federal Register) in order that any in-
terested person may have an opportunity to
present his views to such agency as the Pres-
ident shall designate, under such rules and
regulations as the President may prescribe;
and
(3) Seek information and advice with re-
spect to such agreement from the Depart-
24843 -
ments of Commerce, Labor, State, and the
Treasury, and from such other sources as
he may deem appropriate.
Section 202(d) (2) of the bill as passed by
the House authorized the President to issue
any proclamation referred to in section 202
(a) or (b) only after the expiration of the
60-day period following its delivery to Con-
gress and only if, between the date of delivery
and the expiration of the 60-day period, the
Congress has not adopted a concurrent res-
olution stating in substance that the Sen-
ate and House of Representatives disapprove
of the agreement.
Senate amendment No. 1 struck out sec-
tion 202(d) (2) of the bill and substituted a
provision authorizing the President to issue
any proclamation referred to in section 202
(a) or (b) only if the Congress has adopted
a concurrent resolution stating in substance
that the Senate and the House of Repre-
sentatives approve the implementation of
the agreement.
Under the conference agreement, the
House language is restored, the Senate lan-
guage IS omitted, and new language is in-
serted providing that section 202 of the bill
shall cease to be in effect on the day after
the date of the enactment of the bill.
In reaching agreement with respect to
amendment No. 1, the managers both on the
part of the House and on the part of the
Senate expressed the hope that should the
President, under his constitutional authority,
enter into the negotiation of any agreement
relating to automotive products (whether
motor vehicles, parts intended for use as
original equipment, or replacement parts)
the President will prior thereto-
(1) . Seek the advice of the Tariff Commis-
sion as to the probable economic effect of
the reduction or elimination of duties on
Industries producing articles like or directly
competitive with those which may be covered
by such an agreement,
(2) Give reasonable public notice of his
intention to negotiate such an agreement
(and publish notice thereof in the Federal
Register) in order that interested persons
may have an opportunity to present their
views to such agency as the President may.
designate for that purpose, and
(3) Seek information and advice with
respect to such an agreement from the ap-
propriate departments and agencies of the
Government, and from such other sources as
he may deem appropriate.
It is understood, of course, that any exec-
utive agreement that the President may
enter into under his constitutional authority
can, insofar as any changes in U.S. tariff
treatment are concerned, be implemented
only by congressional action.
Amendment No. 2. This amendment added
a new section 205 to the bill to provide that,
under specified circumstances, the President
is to cause an investigation to be made to
determine whether any manufacturer has
undertaken, by reason of govermental action
to Increase the Canadian value added of
automobiles, buses, specified commercial
vehicles, or original equipment parts pro-
duced by such manufacturer in Canada after
August 31, 1968. If, as a result of such an
investigation, the President determines
(after applying subsection (c) of the new
section) that any manufacturer has under-
taken, by reason of governmental action, to
increase such Canadian value added, he is
to suspend the proclamations issued by him
pursuant to section 201 of this act. The
amendment also provides for the termina-
tion of any such suspension.
The House iecedes with an amendment.
Under the conference agreement a new sec-
tion 205, relating to special reports to Con-
gress, is added to the bill.
Such section 206 provides that, no later
than August 31, 1968, the President is to
submit to the Congress a special report on
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE c ober 1, 1965
the comprehensive review called for by Ar-
ticle IV (c) of the Agreement.
The new section 205 also provides that
whenever the President finds that any man-
ufacturer has entered into any undertaking.
by reason of governmental action, to In-
crease the Canadian value added of auto-
mobiles, buses, specified commercial vehicles.
or original equipment parts produced by
such manufacturer in Canada after August
31, 1968, he shall report such finding to the
Senate and the House of Representatives.
The President Is also to report whether such
undertaking is additional to undertakings
agreed to in letters of undertaking sub-
mitted by such manufacturer before the
date of the enactment of this legislation.
The reports provided for In the new sec-
tion 206 are to include recommendations for
such further steps, including legislative ac-
tion, If any, as may be necessary for the
achievement of the purposes of the Agree-
ment and the Act.
Amendments Nos. 3, 4, 5. 6, 7. 8, and 9:
These amendments make technical amend-
ments to title IV of the bill to conform tariff
designations of articles entitled to duty-free
entry to changes in the Tariff Schedules of
the United States made by the Technical
Amendments Act of 1965. The House recedes.
Amendment No. 10: Section 502 of the bill
as passed both by the House and the Senate
requires the President to submit to the Con-
gress an annual report on the implementa-
tion of the bill and required the report to
"include Information regarding new negotia-
tions, reductions or eliminations of duties,
reciprocal concessions obtained, and other in-
formation relating to activities under the
Information providing an evaluation of the
Canadian Auto Agreement and the Act 10
relation to the total national Interest and
specifically to Include information with re-
spect to-
(1) The production of motor vehicles and
motor vehicle parts in the United States
and Canada.
(2) The retail prices of motor vehicles and
motor vehicle parts in the United States and
Canada.
(3) Employment In the motor vehicle In-
dustry and motor vehicle parts Industry In
the United States and Canada, and
(4) United States and Canadian trade in
motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts, par-
ticularly trade between the United States
and Canada.
The House recedes with a technical amend-
ment. With respect to the language quoted
above from the second sentence of section
502 of the bill. It should be noted that the
effect of such language (insofar as It relates
to section 202 of the bill) is modified by the
conference action on Senate amendment
No. 1.
Amendment No. 11: This amendment adds
a new section 503 to the bill which provides
that nothing contained in the bill shall be
construed to affect or modify the provisions
of the Antl-Dumping Act, 1921, or of the
antitrust laws of the United States. The
House recedes.
Amendment No. 12: This amendment adds
a new title VI to the bill. The new title
eliminates the $10,000 ceiling on appropria-
tions for the Joint Committee on Reduction
of Nonessential Federal Expenditures. Un-
der the amendment there are authorized to
be appropriated such sums as may be neces-
sary to carry out the purposes for which the
joint committee was created. The House
recedes,
W. D. MILLS,
CrcrL It. Kn G,
HALE BOGGS.
EVGENE J. Keoou.
JOHN W. BY INES,
TrroMAS B. CURTIS,
JAMES UTT,
Managers on the Part o/ the House.
COMMITTEE ON MEE CHANT
MARINE AND FI SHl I,IES
Mr. GARMATZ. Mr. Sp Baker, I ask
unanimous consent that thi Committee
on Merchant Marine and Fisheries have
until midnight tonight to Ale a report
on S. 2118.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Maryland?
There was no objection.
PERSONAL EXPLANATION
Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaks ?r. on rolicall
No. 342 which was a motion to recommit
H.R. 10281, and on rollcall N 1.343, which
was a motion onnal pal sage of the
same bill, I.qs ojdabl3 detained in
I wopid 1i announce that had I
been -pfesenI would have voted "aye"
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE A PPROPItIA-
TIONS FOR 191-6
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Sp faker, I call
up the conference report on the bill (H.R.
10871) making appropriations for For-
eign Assistance and related agencies for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and
for other purposes, and as;: unanimous
consent that the statement of the man-
agers on the part of the H cruse be read
In lieu of the report.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Louisiana?
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, reserv-
ing the right to object, I e to so for the
reason of notifying the Me nbers that it
is our intention at the proper time to
make a motion to recommit the con-
ference report back to the conference
committee.
Mr. Speaker, Members frill probably
remember that we had in the bill as the
appropriation bill on foreii n aid passed
this body a short time agc, very strong
language relative to shipping to North
Vietnam. This languag has been
changed by the conference committee in
connection with the langt age that the
House put in the bill as i t passed this
body known as the "Roe 'ney of New
York amendment.
It is our intention at th,i proper time
to offer a motion to recomrr it based upon
this change.
Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva-
tion.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Louisiana?
There was no objection.
The Clerk read the statement.
(For conference report and statement,
see proceedings of the House of Septem-
ber 29, 1965.)
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
BoGGS). The gentleman from Louisi-
ana [Mr. PASSMAN] is recognized for 1
hour.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I hope
the House will approve the conference
report and I hope we can say something
during our deliberations that will con-
vince the Members that it is in the best
interest of our country at this time that
this conference report not be recom-
mitted.
Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent
to include in my remarks a table com-
prising the conference bill withthe esti-
mates and other related matter.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
There was no objection.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I want
to assure you and my very able, sincere,
and devoted chairman of the Committee
on Appropriations, and each one of his
subcommittee chairmen, that when any
bureaucrat from downtown comes to me
with regard to a matter pertaining to
legislation under the jurisdiction of the
chairman of another subcommittee, I
shall in the future, as I have in the past,
ask him: "Have you discussed the mat-
ter with the chairman of the subcom-
mittee that handles the legislation?"
May I say that arrogance knows no
bounds, and if some of the bureaucrats
in the AID-I am being charitable-in-
tentionally ignore the chairman of a
subcommittee handling legislation, they
may eventually extend the same treat-
ment to the chairman of the full com-
mittee, and maybe go up through the
ranks to the top.
When I brought the foreign assistance
appropriation bill to the floor of the
House a f6w weeks ago, I stated that
even though it was one of the fattest-
if not the fattest-foreign aid bill ever
presented to the Congress, when all seg-
ments from the 15 bills are put together,
if I were to have the privilege of han-
dling the bill, I would be honorbound to
assume the responsibility of defending
it. I meant what I said-and I said
what I meant.
I shall not use any more time than
necessary, but honor demands that I
make restitution when it is proper so to
do. So, let me correct the record on two
important points:
The very able and distinguished gen-
tleman from Michigan, the Honorable
CHARLES E. CHAMBERLArN, came to me
several days before the foreign aid ap-
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October 1,- 1965p CONGRESSIONAL RECORD USE
propriations bill came to the floor of the
House for consideration and stated that
he had worked out an important amend-
ment which he intended to offer, with
respect to our allies shipping strategic
materials to North Vietnam. I com-
mended him for his wisdom and patriot-
ism in putting together such a clarifying
and positive amendment.
Subsequently, another distinguished
Member of this body, the gentleman from
New York [Mr. RooNEY], offered a simi-
lar amendment, which was adopted.
Equal commendations are due both of
these gentlemen, and honor prompts me
to acknowledge on this floor the discus-
sion I had with the gentleman from
Michigan [Mr. CHAMBERLAIN].
Mr. Speaker, I believe that my record
of handling the foreign aid appropriation
bill for many years would indicate that
I know something about the legislation.
Even though my personal views certainly
differ from those of many of my col-
leagues, it has been my practice to lean
over backward to be fair. Doubtless our
distinguished Speaker is familiar with
the fact that I will usually deliver more
than I promise.
When we were discussing the foreign
aid appropriation bill several weeks ago,
I inadvertently made a statement that
certainly needs an explanation, and there
is no better time to correct the record
than now. So may I set the record
straight:
The distinguished, able, and dedicated
Member from Kansas, the minority
chairman of the Foreign Operations Sub-
committee on Appropriations, the Hon-
orable GARNER E. SHRIVER, stated to me
in advance of the markup of the bill that
he would offer an amendment to reduce
the bill substantially. But, the parlia-
mentary procedure that we followed in
marking up the bill just about skunked
the chairman as well as the distinguished
Member from Kansas. And, a majority
of the members of the subcommittee re-
ported the bill to the full committee, and
it was later passed by the House as
marked up by the subcommittee.
In the intervening time between the
markup of the bill and action by the full
committee, I called the distinguished
Member from Kansas and asked him, as
a very special favor to me, not to offer
any amendments in the full committee
to further reduce the recommendations
made by the subcommittee.
Suffice it to say, he did not offer any
amendments, but I later learned that the
amendments he had in mind were subse-
quently offered by the distinguished gen-
tleman from Ohio [Mr. Bowl in his
motion to recommit the bill. In opposing
the amendments offered by the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. Bow], I stated that
I had never heard his recommended fig-
ure before. That statement was true,
but it was simply because of the fact that
the gentleman from Kansas, who is
charitable, Christian, and understanding,
did not offer the amendment in the full
committee. And, I must say, in my opin-
ion, it was because I asked him not to.
With my apologies properly recorded,
may I explain briefly the conference
report?
Mr. Speaker, I have never believed in
shadow-boxing. To indicate or imply
in any way that under the provisions of
the conference report before you that
certain items in the bill meet the full
administration request, while others
have been reduced, would be untrue.
Because the administration will be
handed only an appropriation bill and
they can vacate all projects in a country
and substitute a new set for a new coun-
try, as this program is completely on an
illustrative basis.
In most accounts, they can transfer in
and out to offset any reduction that we
have made in other accounts. If you
claim that supporting assistance is
funded in fully-languagewise, yes-
legallywise, no. They can transfer out
of the account into other accounts, and
around we go.
May I also say that my efforts in be-
half of the American taxpayer have al-
ways been to reduce the overall money
request rather than just certain items
because of the fact that the program
justifications are submitted on an illus-
trative basis.
By the. same token, I have, almost
without exception, steered clear of
policywriting amendments to the foreign
operations subcommittee appropriation
bill because of the obvious fact that the
members of the Committee on Appro-
priations are not in possession of all the
pertinent information possessed by the
executive branch.
Mr. Speaker, most, conferences, espe-
cially in the closing` days of a long, hard
session, must, of necessity, it would
appear, be rush-up, rush-on types of
conferences. Many times Members are
not given an opportunity to study in
detail modifications suggested by the
executive branch.
On yesterday, in considering the modi-
fication of the amendment adopted
unanimously by this body dealing with
our allies shipping to North Vietnam,
and subsequently changed by the other
body, and later modified in the confer-
ence at executive branch request, the
modified language went to another mem-
ber of the subcommittee, and not to the
chairman. However, in conference I re-
served and did not vote for the modified,
recommended executive branch amend-
ment. Since then, I have had an oppor-
tunity to study in detail the modified
language recommended by the executive
branch to the conference and explained
by another subcommittee member, not
by myself, and I now find that for rea-
sons we cannot discuss in detail on the
floor without violating what is termed
"secret" information, I hope the House
will adopt the conference report. Keep
in mind that we are dealing with a policy
matter and, by precedent, a matter prop-
24845
any under the jurisdiction of the
President.
Suffice to say, had the executive
branch not waited until the last minute
to suggest needed policy language
changes between the versions of the two
branches of the Congress, we would not
be in this dilemma now. I promised
them that I would give complete consid-
eration to the recommendations of the
executive branch.
But I was only contacted one time,
and I never received a copy of their rec-
ommendation at that time. This is no
indictment of the other able members of
this committee.
I should mention that this is a much
better bill than most Members would ex-
pect. The other branch of the Congress
reduced the bill $142 million.
The. conference bill is almost a split
between the two bills. - It is $67 million
below the House bill and $75 million
above the Senate bill. It is the best
compromise we could get.
I believe the House would like to be
reminded again of the House limitation
against section 205 of the authorization
bill, which would have permitted the
executive branch to transfer funds out of
the development credits appropriation,
sometimes referred to as loans by the
executive branch, into the International
Development Association and other mul-
tilateral agencies. We have crossed that
bridge before. This time, as in previous
years, if .1 recall correctly, the commit-
tee-with one or two exceptions, I had
better add-demanded that the language
which would permit a transfer of not to
exceed 15 percent of the development
loan appropriation into the International
Development Association be stricken
from the bill. The other body agreed
with our position.
I believe this is a good conference re-
port so far as good conference reports go
on the foreign aid appropriation bill, and
I hope that in this instance, concerning
our disagreement over North Vietnam,
we will yield to the judgment of the
Executive, because we are dealing with
a policy matter. I am assured by the
Executive that in the future each mem-
ber of the conference committee will
receive a copy of any recommended
modifications. They have also assured
me that it was not by design or purpose
that a copy of their proposed language
did not come to us long enough in ad-
vance so that we could study it in detail.
I want to say, at the expense of being
repetitious, that there are good and suf-
ficent reasons why this bill should not be
recommitted. We are dealing with some
matters that are "top secret" and we
cannot reveal them on this floor, so I
hope Members will follow the recom-
mendations of a majority of the mem-
bers of the conference and not recommit
the bill.
The following data relate to the con-
ference bill and other pertinent data re-
lating to the foreign aid bill:
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 1, 1965
Ft'nus APPROPRIATED TO 1
THE PRESIDENT
MITIIAL DEFENSE AND
DEVELOPMENT
Technical cooperation and 1
development grants- _
American schools and hea-
pitalsabroad _______.___I
Surveys of Investment op-
portun_____ __
International organizations
and programs------_--_
Nuppnrting assistance--.----
Contingency fund, general-.
Contingency fund, sonth-
east Asia__________________
Alliance for Progress:
Technical cooperation
and development
grants-`- -------_---
Development loans___
Development loans__ _ _ _
Administrative expenses,
All) )---------------------
Administrative expenses,
State------------- --------
Subtotal, economic
assistance ----___----
- __
Militaryassistance ___- -
Limitation on admin-
istrative expenses---
$' r2,071,(6)
16,800,000
1,600,000
134, 772.4W
401.000, 000
99.200, 000
64, 700,000
426,000,000
778, 727, 600
63, 600, 000
3, 029 _000
1, 065,000,000
(14, (100, 070)
't'otal, title I, foreign
assistance---__ --------- 3,260, 000.9(10
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO
THE PRESIDENT
Peace Corps------
$87,100, 000
Limitation on adminis-
trative expensos_ _ . _ - -
(11, 708, 0W)
DEPARTMENT 07 THE
ARMY-CIVIL FUNCTIONS
Ryukyu Islands, Army,
administration------_--_---
14,441,0100
DEPARTMENT OF IIEALTR,
EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Assistance to refugees in the
United States-- -_ -_
32,211,
000
8, 200,
000
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO
THE PRESIDENT
Investment to Interr-Amori-
can Development Batik___
Subscription to the Inter-
national Development
Association________________
Total, title II, foreign
a?'htnnce (other)----1
{
455, W. 000
sm. 060, 000)
(S. 916, 000)
61, 666.000., 104, (X1(1, 000
669, 488, 000 729,4M, 000
Limitation on operating ax-
Limitation on administra-
tive expenses______________
Total, title MI. Ex
port-Import Bank) _ (1, 3,53,978,_000)
(rand total, all tltles_ _ 3,909, 485, 000
Foreign asai.etanceand related agencies zppropriation bill, 1366
TLT LE i--FOREIGN AS8I OTANCE
19&5 1066 budget house
sppropri.,tion estimates
$219, 000, 040
33r- 356, 000
$182, 366, 060
3202,356, 0110
+M84, 000
------- ------
7,1X10, 060
7, 000, 000
Ouo, 000
7, 0000,1100
-9, 8011, 000
------ ------
L
-1, 000, 000
-------------
0081
146
666
144,7W, 000
134, 756, 000
144,7M,001)
+10,482, 600
-800, 599
--------------
+10,000,000
,
,
449, 200, 000
300, 2010, 0X0
349, 200, 000
380, "-(10,1X30
-31,800,000
-80.000, 000
--------------
+20, 000, (00
60, 000, ODo
50, 000, 000
50,000,0110
50, 000,17 1
-49, 200,000
--------------
--------------
-------------
89, 000, +700
+89, 000, ODD
Rf, 000
(00
75, 000, 000
76,000,000
75, 000.100
-9, 700, 000
-10, ON, 000
,
406
12A 000
446, 126, 000
435, 121, 000
435, 126,1)0
+10, 121, 000
-60,000,000
-$10, 000,000
------
,
780, 250. 000
try, 225, 000
693, 225, 000
618, 22 ,900
-166, 602, 600
-162, 076,000
-67,000,000
+26, 000, 000
54, 240,000
64, 340,040
+640, 040
3, 100,0011
3, 100, 000
3, 100, 000
+71,000
2,289, 470, 000
2, 115,000,0011
1, 170, 00D, 000
1, 170, 000, 000
1,17% 000,000
1, 174, 000, 000
+115,000,000
(15, 610, 000)
(13, 609, 000)
(1s, 400,000)
(1$, 500, Ga0)
(-6Ctl, 070)
rawrd 110,11. Pastel senate f v acti.MI
$115, 000,1100
(14, 100, )
32, 265, 000
7, 676,400
41.5, 860, 000
000
$1D2 (100 01)0
$102,000,000
+$l4, 9tlo, too
-$13, ago, (1D0
0100)
(14,190,000)
(14,1a3,000)
(+1,so,000)
-----------
---_-----
---------
090
14.738,000
14,733,000
+202,000
------------
-----------
----------
000
80, OOD, (100
30, 000. ON
-2,211,000
-2,266,000
-$2,265,0W
ODD
7,576,000
7,576.000
-625,(00
0X0
466, MO, 000
466.890,(00
-------- _.____
-______-_-_____
______________
_____-_--_-
000,
101,(X0,000
104,000,000
+42,344,0(0
__--__----?---
-------------
_____-_--?--
000
714, 188, 000
714. 188, 000
+54, 710, 000
-16, 265,(00
-2,265,000
--------------
($1,18&, 11
0,M
R. f00}
(4
7J,(0f+r) (I,fBO I7t,xG1~
(1,100,1
M, OOO 4,001, 463.000
4,188,.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000600130008-4
($1,186,100,000)
(d1,18/.'.11D,t100)
:01,188,110,OCA)
(-$181,940, )
----------------
--------------
--------------
(4, 06t.000)
(4.061, 000)
(4, 083, 000)
(+137,000)
----------------
--------------
----- --------
(1,190, 174,Ox0
(1,190,17f,000)
(-140, 605,OX))
----------------
--------------
--------------
_
2, 957, iBB; (00
8, 932, 188, (00
+22, 700, 000
-$256, 736, (00
-$69, 265, 000
+$76, 900.000
$102, 009,
(114, 100,
14,733,
32.265,
7.675,
456, 880,
 October 1, 1965' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
Total mutual security program regular annual appropriations-Economic and military
assistance, 10 years
Fiscal year
Budget estimate
Appropriation
Reducation
below estimate
Percentage
below budget
estimate
1956-----------------------------------------
$3,266,641,750
$2,703,341,750
-$563,300,000
17.24
1957-----------------------------------------
4859, 975,000
3, 766, 570,000
-1, 093, 405, 000
22.50
1958-----------------------------------------
3:386 860000
2, 768, 760, 000
-618,100, 000
18.25
1959-----------------------------------------
3,950:092:500
3,298,092, 500
-652000, 000
,
16.51
1960-----------------------------------------
4,429,995,000
3, 225, 813,000
-1,204
182,000
27. 18
1961-----------------------------------------
4,275, 000, 000
3, 716, 350,000
-558,650,000
13.07
1962-----------------------------------------
4, 775,500,000
3, 914, 800,000
-860,900,000
18.03
1963-----------------------------------------
4,961,300,000
3,928,900,000
-1,032400,000
20.81
1984-----------------------------------------
4, 525, 325,000
. 3,000,000,000
-1,525:326,000
33.70
1965-----------------------------------------
3, 516, 700, 000
3, 250, 000, 000
-266,700, 000
7.58
Total- --------------------------------
41, 947, 389, 260
33, 572, 427, 250
-8, 374, 062, 000
19.90
Foreign Assistance Act unobligated funds,
title I
As of:
Amount
June
30,
1955-------------
$250,900,000
June
30,
1956-------------
401,400,000
June
30,
1957-------------
814,400,000
June
30,
1958-------------
88,400,000
June
30,
1959-------------
94,400,000
June
30,
1980-------------
127, 000, 000
June 30,
1961-------------
758, 000, 000
June 30,
1962-------------
163, 400,000
June 30,
1963-------------
419,100,000
June 30,
1964-------------
59600, 000
June 30,
1965-------------
158:400,000
Total amount unobli-
gated funds, 11 years- 3, 336, 000, 000
Average annual unobligated
funds, 11 years----------- 303, 181, 818
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., July 1, 1965.
To Whom It May Concern:
A great American one said: "It is true that
you may fool all of the people some of the
time, you can even fool some of the people
all of the time; but you can't fool all of the
people all of the time." This statement was
made before America started the foreign
giveaway program.
Requests for new foreign aid funds so far
this year amount to $7,512,467,000. I am
attaching, hereto, a list showing the 15 sep-
arate requests for foreign aid funds. Only
the first item on the attached list is ever
mentioned publicly as being foreign aid. The
other 14 items are just as much foreign aid
as your hand is a part of your body.
On June 30, 1965, uniiquidated funds from
prior years' authority to the credit of these
15 items amounted to $10,605,738,000. If
the Congress approves the full additional
$7,512,467,000 that the administration has
requested in new funds this year, then there
will be a staggering total available for dis-
bursement in the amount of $18,118,205,000.
The $7,512,467,000 requested in new funds
this year does not include an appropriation
of $1,035 million tacked on to a recent ap-
propriation bill for the International Mone-
tary Fund so that it would apply to the
fiscal year which ended on June 30, 1965,
rather than to the new fiscal year. Neither
does it include the $4 billion annual interest
we are paying on the money we have pre-
viously borrowed to give away.
How any administration could dissipate
America's wealth on foreign aid as we are
doing is beyond the realm of sane, human
understanding. I hope that the circulation
of the startling information contained in
this letter will be broad enough to cause the
American people to demand an explanation
as to why only one of the 15 requests'is ever
mentioned publicly as foreign aid.
Sincerely yours,
OTTO E. PASSMAN,
Chairman, Foreign Operations Subcom-
mittee on Appropriations.
Enclosure.
New Foreign Aid Funds Requested So Far
in 1965-July 1, 1965
[In thousands]
1. Foreign assistance requests,
as amended (mutual secu-
rity) -------------------- $3,459,470
2. Receipts and recoveries from
previous credits ----------
209,770
3. Military Assistance Advisory
Group--------------------
76,000
4. Export-Import Bank (long-
term credits) -------------
900, 000
5. Public Law 480 (agricultural
commodities) -------------
1,658,000
6. Inter-American Development
Bank (Latin America)---_
705,880
7. International Development
Association (IDA) --------
104,000
8. Peace Corps----------------
115,000
9. Contributions to interna-
tional organizations------
96,953
10. Permanent construction
overseas (military) --------
85, 986
11. Educational (foreign and
other students) ----------
69,200
12. Ryukyu Islands-------------
14, 733
13. Migrants and refugees-------
7, 575
14. Atomic Energy Commission
(overseas)----------------
5:900
15. Inter-American Highway
(Latin America) ----------
'4, 000
Total new foreign aid re-
quests, first 6 months of
1965-------------------
OTTO E. PASSMAN,
Chairman, Foreign Operations
Subcommittee on Appropriations.
(Mr. PASSMAN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks and to include extraneous matter
and tables.)
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
12 minutes to the distinguished gentle-
man from Kansas [Mr. SHRIVER].
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I thank
the chairman for yielding that period of
time. In turn, I shall shortly yield to the
gentleman from Michigan, who pre-
sented such a forceful argument on the
floor of the House. at the time the For-
eign Aid Appropriation bill was before
us a few weeks ago.
That bill is behind us. The only issue
we are in disagreement, between the two
bodies, is the issue on the use of our aid
funds for countries which continue to
trade with North Vietnam.
Every day we read of American casual-
ties which have occurred in southeast
Asia. Just this morning I read a long
list of our American boys who lost their
lives in this war in which we are in-
volved-a war in which our American
boys are helping the South Vietnamese
to halt the advance of communism.
One constitutional power still pos-
sessed by this House is that of appropri-
ating funds collected from the taxpayers
of the Nation. Those we represent I am
sure do not approve of the use of tax
dollars to support the enemy. Each of
us knows this very well. When this Con-
gress loses its power over the purse, then
we, as a legislative body, are through.
We have betrayed our Founding Fathers
who gave us the Constitution and the
framework for the greatest form of gov-
ernment and the greatest country in the
world. The House strongly supported
the Rooney amendment. The gentleman
from Michigan [Mr. CHAMBERLAIN] dis-
cussed it at length a few weeks ago when
we had this bill up before us, so I am
going at this time to yield 8 minutes to
the gentleman from Michigan [Mr.
CHAMBERLAIN].
(Mr. CHAMBERLAIN asked and was
given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, I
would first like to thank my colleague
for yielding to me. As has been said
here, I have been long disturbed about
the volume of free world trade with North
Vietnam. I want to take just a moment
to outline to my colleagues why I am dis-
turbed about it and the extent of this
shipping. Last year, 1964, there were
401 ships from free world nations which
carried cargoes to North Vietnam. So
far to date there are 88 ships this year
that have gone to North Vietnam with
cargoes to help keep this war going. Now,
these are figures that are from published
commercial sources. If any of my col-
leagues are interested in the classified
figures and are not disturbed that 88
ships went to North Vietnam, then come
and look at this piece of paper here which
is classified secret and you can see how
many ships of the free world flags have
carried their cargoes to North Vietnam.
I hope my colleagues will listen to
what I have to say, because this is some-
thing that the American people should
know and something they have not been
told.
Of all the ships going to North Viet-
nam, more free world ships are going
there than all of the Communist bloc
ships combined. Think of that. More
free world ships than Communist ships
are going to North Vietnam. The con-
ference report we had here the other day
said 45 percent of all the imports to
North Vietnam were on free world ships
and 85 percent of their exports were on
free world vessels.
Now just a big about the background
of the situation that we find ourselves in.
We in this House put a prohibition in the
authorization bill against aid to any
country permitting its ships to trade with
North Vietnam. In their wisdom the
other body deleted this amendment.
Then came the. appropriation bill. the
other day. In section 107 (a) and (b)
wherein we very properly said that no aid
shall be given to any country that per-
mits its ships to carry goods to Cuba, in
those two sections we inserted a simple
amendments, sponsored by the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. ROONEY], and
if he had not done so I had announced
my intention to do so, which had only
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 1, 1965
four little words, no aid to Cuba "or to casualties are growing. Our forces are
Vietnam." That was the amendment. doing what they can do t) stop the
My colleagues of the House, that amend- enemy. We are trying to interdict the
ment was accepted in this very Chamber supply lines. Our planes sit flying to
just a few days ago without a single word cut them off. Just today tw) Air Force
of dissent. No one said no. A voice was pilots were shot down trying to take out
not raised against it. The other body a bridge. Our ships are try Ing to stop
deleted this amendment and said in es- supplies to the enemy by se?
sence it is the "sense of Congress" that I say that we should make crtain that
we should not give any aid to any coun- none of our tax money goes to help those
try that does not try to stop shipping who are helping to supply th' enemy.
to North Vietnam. The conferees are Mr. Speaker, I have not hid the time
now substituting other language. I would like to discuss this natter, but
The language on aid to Vietnam has the issue is very simple. Air we going
been accepted, so far as economic as- to have a dual standard as far as limit-
sistance is concerned, but when it comes Ing aid to countries trading with Cuba
to strategic assistance to North Vietnam and Vietnam?
we are saying that we shall treat less The language we are using is identical
harshly North Vietnam shipping than to the prohibition in the Cuba sect on.
we do shipping to Cuba. The issue is It simply says that we shall io the same
very simple. Are we going to stand fast thing with reference to Vie nam as we
on this one amendment with respect to have done to Cuba.
Vietnam, similar to the Cuban situation? This amendment was accej led without
What we are asking is that when it comes a dissenting voice in the Hou:;c just a few
to shipping to the enemy we give the days ago. We cannot create a double
same identical treatment to North Viet- standard. The American people will
nam as we are giving to Cuba. Why never understand why we ha re taken ac-
should we create a double standard here? tion here that would make i ; possible to
This would give the President authority give foreign aid money under any cir-
to aid countries that are in fact giving cumstances to countries that ;)errnit their
military aid to North Vietnam if he finds ships to aid North Vietnam. I respect-
it in the national interest. fully urge that we insist upon the House
Why he would want this is beyond me. amendment.
I cannot conceive a possible situation The SPEAKER pro ter ipore (Mr.
where free world ships would be carry- Boccs). The Chair will advise the Ben-
ing military assistance, strategic assist- tleman from Kansas [Mr. SitRrvzRI that
ance to North Vietnam and have the he has 2 minutes remaining.
President say that it is in our national Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I desire
interest to give that country aid. I can- to yield to the distinguished gentleman
not conceive of it, but still that is the situ- 6 additional minutes.
ation we are faced with. This makes The SPEAKER pro teripore. The
Congress look ridiculous. gentleman from Kansas is re:ognized for
Why should we be so timid? It is 5 additional minutes.
time we got tough and let the world know Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I would
that we are serious about Vietnam, that prefer that the gentleman f rom Ionisi-
we are going to do everything we can to ana on the other side yield some time at
see that this alarming volume of shipping this time.
to North Vietnam is stopped. Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Spe tker, I yield
I would like to go further than we are 8 minutes to the distingul hed gentle-
going today. I would like to close the man from New York [Mr. ROONEY].
ports of this country to every one of these (Mr. ROONEY of New Yoi k asked and
ships that sail to North Vietnam many was given permission to re, Ise and ex-
of which, after going there, have called tend his remarks.)
at our own U.S. ports. This is another Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr.
urgent matter that we should consider. Speaker, I strenuously urge he adoption
Mr. Speaker, I repeat, to accept this of this conference report and request
conference report would create a double that it not be recommitted.
standard. We have a flat prohibition Mr. Speaker, this is an appropriations
against aid to any country trading with bill carrying over $3 billion. This bill
Cuba. But we are going to say here that must be acted upon today so that the
we intend something less than a flat pro- other body may act upon it ?xpeditiously
hibition against aid to countries that are and that it does not get h- mg up with
sending ships to North Vietnam. the proceedings in the other body which
Are we not as concerned about trade begin on Monday next with regard to re-
with North Vietnam as we are with trade peal of section 14(b) of the 'raft-Hartley
with Cuba? The President has told us Act.
that this is real war. I tell you that it is Mr. Speaker, I feel that wt have a good
real war. I have been there; I know. conference report pending before this
If we had a declaration of war today, body. It represents practically an even
can you imagine the President sending split between the House fig Tres and the
aid to those who are shipping goods to figures of the other body w: th regard to
our enemy? In the last war, would we the amount of money appro?riated.
have aided those trading with Japan or Apparently, the only real . controversy
Germany? How ridiculous can this situ- Is over the amendment that I offered at
ation get? We now have some 130,000 the time this bill was under onsideration
troops in Vietnam. They are pouring here in the House. It was then that I
over there so fast that you cannot keep proposed that we add the words "or to
track of the total number. Our boys are North Vietnam" to section 07(a) of the
in contact with the enemy in the air, on bill, as well as to section i37(b) of the
land. and on the sea. Every day our bill. My amendment preys lied.
When this bill went to the other body,
the other body diluted my amendment.
Now, Mr. Speaker, the House conferees
did succeed in having the other body
recede on amendment No. 8, which was
my amendment added to section 107(b),
and in return, the House conferees re-
ceded from amendment No. 7, which was
my amendment to 107(a), and in addi-
tion to that both sides added tightening
language which is now know as section
116 of the bill. So today this language
before the House is stronger than the
language agreed to by the House in this
year's authorization bill and it is far
stronger than the provision contained in
the Senate appropriations bill. It
strengthens the President's hands but it
does not tie them.
The only difference between the con-
ference provision and the amendment
originally adopted by the House is that
the conference provision permits the
President to provide assistance to a
country if he determines that it would be
contrary to the national interest not to
provide aid. He must report every such
determination to the Congress.
Mr. Speaker, it is folly to prevent the
President from taking action necessary
to protect our national interests. He
has the facts and he has the responsi-
bility to deal with situations and crises
around the world, in Western Europe
and in Greece, as well as Vietnam.
The conference provision pending be-
fore the House permits the President to
exercise his responsibility to take action
on the basis of the facts he has at the
time of the crisis.
Mr. Speaker, the proposed recommital
motion would make it impossible to pro-
vide any military aid in this bill planned
for strengthening our NATO ally, Greece.
Mr. Speaker, Greek ships are in, the
North Vietnam trade, and to get them
out of that trade will require a decree
by the Greek Government. That Gov-
ernment has only a two-vote margin in
its Parliament. As we all know, it has
suffered a prolonged Government crisis.
I regret to have to say that the Greeks
are simply unable at this time to take the
steps necessary to end all shipping to
North Vietnam.
Adoption of a recommittal motion
would make mandatory a cutoff of mili-
tary aid to Greece thus crippling her de-
fense against the Communist forces on
her borders, and ending her strong par-
ticipation in NATO.
I submit that a vote to recommit this
conference report is a vote against our
Greek allies and a direct blow against the
strength of NATO.
United States policy is already effective
in reducing free world shipping to North
Vietnam. In July and August of this
year, approximately 33 free world ships
called at North Vietnam ports.
In the same period last year 64 ships
called at North Vietnam ports, so that
in 1 year such shipping was cut almost
in half.
Three of the four countries which
would be affected by the Rooney amend-
ment are taking action to cooperate with
the United States on this problem. Ja-
pan has already got its ships out of the
trade. The one exception is Greece
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October 1, 196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 24849
which, as I have indicated, is unable to 107(b). The Senate receded completely the Appropriations Committee and not
cooperate at the present time. on the amendment to 107(b) ; the House the policy writing committee, and I de-
Now, Mr. Speaker, I would like to give conferees receded on 107(a) with the fer to the President because I know he
some facts with regard to free world following additional language, which I is trying to solve these problems.
shipping in connection with North Viet- think I should read to the House at this Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker,
nam and once again I point out that the point: will the gentleman yield?
other body has wholly receded- on SEC. 116. No assistance shall be furnished Mr. PASSMAN. I yield.
amendment No. 8, which concerns eco- under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Is the language
nomic aid to countries which were deal- as amended, to any country that sells, fur- in this bill as strong as it is with respect
ing in economic aid with North Vietnam. nishes, or permits any ships under its registry to the prohibition of shipping to Cuba?
As to this part of the so-called Rooney to carry to North Vietnam any of the items Mr. PASSMAN. Certainly it Is not as
on the unless the President determines that the strong.
part of the other body. This withholding of such assistance would be con- Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. I thank the
pending conference report should be an trary to the national interest of the United gentleman,
attractive proposition to anyone who has States and reports such determination to Mr. PASSMAN. It is not the Ian-
to sit at a table to bargain with the other the Congress. n,,,,n?T...,..,,a a__,___ _ _-
t
d
1s a goo
y
con- I respectfully submit that I have never dent and I do not have to deal with these
Terence report that we are submitting
to the House seen a conference report on an appropri- eternal world problems and every assist-
for approval today. ations bill come back to this House that ance we can render him makes his Job
As the result of U.S. efforts and the was any clearer or more succinct than that much easier.
fact that North Vietnam is a zone of the conference report now pending be- Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I be-
hostilities, free world shipping to North fore the House. lieve I have 7 minutes remaining.
Vietnam has declined substantially. In The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- I yield to the distinguished gentleman
July and August of 1965, approximately tleman from New York has expired. from Ohio [Mr. Bowl for 5 minutes,
33 free world ships, many of them in Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, it is not top
ballast, called at North Vietnam ports. 3 additional minutes to the gentleman secret that American boys in Vietnam
During the same months in 1964, 64 from New York.
free world ships were in the North Viet- bas dying. We cannot legislate on the
With trade. Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. basis of top secret or be convinced be-
be-
With one exception, aid-recipient Speaker, I yield to the gentleman from cause of top secret. I do not know what
c
countries are actively cooperating with Louisiana such time as he may require, that could be. But I repeat that it is
the ountries States. In the past 6 months, Mr. PASSMAN. I do not believe that not top secret that ships of countries
about it ships from aid-recipient the past 6 coun- , we should imply that the President receiving our aid are going into North
abos out G35 reece, Norway, Liberia, and would intentionally do anything which Vietnam, and it is the possibility-and I
Cyprus railed at North Vietnam ports would cause the loss of one single Ameri- am sure the probability-that some of
Cyp us some called these aships were under longs can life in South Vietnam. I certainly those ships are carrying the sinews of
term charter of Communist countries. lo. cannot be called a Great Society ?enthu- war which are bringing about the cas-
A total to it siast. But I do not believe that we should ualty lists that we are reading every day.
North Vietnam 38 Commis 38 Japanese sa ships tr ships January, called at have the record indicating that the I should like to know why we should
coach and March, but since then no Feb- President of the United States would do treat North Vietnam any better than we
ruary, s ships have bbeen ut in e the trade. anything which would cause the loss of treat Cuba.
Greek
Greek ps s accounted for r a e. half a single life in South Vietnam. The gentleman says this is an appro-
the k ships b ut a Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. priation bill and not a legislative bill,
of the of approximately aid-recipient ships hips under the
countries- Be- Speaker, will the distinguished gentle- but in the appropriation bill last year
rouse of a prolonged governmenta dill, man yield? this committee did not hesitate to put
as I previously indicated, Greece was un- Mr. PASSMAN. I yield to the gentle- in the requirement that these shipments
able at that time to take the action nec- man from New York. should not be made to Cuba so long as
essary to control its ships in the North Mr. ROONEY of New York. I should governed by the Castro regime. This is
Vietnam trade. like to ask the gentleman at this point the precedent. This is the precedent for
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the if it is not the fact that each and every this House to take this action.
gentleman yield? Member of the conference representing All that was done this year, in addition
Mr. ROONEY of New York. I yield the other body submitted the same sort to the word "Castro regime," was the
to the distinguished gentleman from of statement at the conference table: addition of the words "or to North Viet-
Iowa [Mr. Gaoss]. that he did not want any American boy nam."
Mr. GROSS. The gentleman indi- killed with ammunition brought into Are Members going to vote today to
cates that if this conference report is South Vietnam on such ships? give better treatment to North Vietnam
recommitted, the other body will hang Mr. PASSMAN. That is true. I than is given to Cuba?
it on the hook or otherwise refuse to deal would like to take a minute now and Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, will
with it. Does the gentleman mean to summarise briefly. The language con- the gentleman yield?
say the other body wants to explain, if tained iii this conference report is
the House approves recommital, to the stronger than the language contained in eMr. BOW. I do nto have n lemen,
men who are being shot to pieces over in the foreign assistance authorization if he but I will brief, the gentleman,
Vietnam, that shipping from foreign bill for 1965 that this body passed not if he will make it brief, please.
countries, by our so-called friends, is the too long ago. I do not recall any Mem- Mr. GALLAGHER. I will make it very
means by which they are being killed and ber offering an amendment at that time brief, in answer to the question concern-
maimed? to recommit that bill to insist on stronger ing the statement Just made.
Mr. ROONEY of New York. Does the language. Greece, in the Cuba situation, issued
gentleman from Iowa understand that Even though we had to compromise the necessary decrees to keep Greek ships
Members of the other body who were the House language in this bill I reserved out of Cuba at that time. When the
managers on the part of the Senate in on the amendment agreed to so I could government crisis is resolved presently in
this conference insisted upon their can- study the effect of it in more detail, and Greece-
guage-and the gentleman from Kansas I feel I am better posted now. Mr. BOW. , I do not yield further, be-
will bear me ou`, on this because I brought Let me repeat that this conference cause I am concerned about the crisis of
it up a number of times during the course report contains stronger language than our own men in North Vietnam and in
of the conference-and insisted on their what was contained in the authorization South Vietnam.
position. We came out of the conference legislation. It also contains stronger Mr. GALLAGHER. I am, too.
with the best that we could get insofar as language than what was contained in Mr. BOW. I do not yield further to
compromise was concerned. the Senate bill. It is not as strong as the gentleman, if he is more interested
To repeat, I had two amendments, one could be but all legislation is a result in a crisis in Greece than a crisis in
to section 107(a) and one to section of compromise. I repeat that this is South Vietnam.
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24850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 1, 1965
I am concerned about our country and Mr. BOW. I would.
about our men who are fighting In South Mr. PASSMAN. I am willing to defer
Vietnam. to the President, however, la this mat-
How much aid have we given to Greece ter because I believe he feels the same
over the years? It has been millions and way.
hundreds of millions of dollars. Is it too It seems to me that t1 ds problem
much to ask them now not to ship fur- should have been resolved w Ien we were
ther the sinews of war which are going considering the authorization bill con-
to kill American men? Are we going to ference report. That, in m- .r opinion, is
say to them, "It is all right, so far as the place for the Congress to legislate.
Cuba is concerned, to cut them off, but We should not have to leg slate on an
let us give preferential treatment to appropriation bill.
North Vietnam?" Mr. BOW. The gentleman's own bill
That is what we are being asked to do of last year, a copy of whi?;h I hold in
here today. my hand. had Cuba in it, an I we had the
My good friend from New York, with same President then we have today.
whom I have served so long and so closely I cannot believe under any circum-
on his subcommittee, says we have to do stances that it Is necessar' to put the
this today because 14(b) is going to come President in here. I think he Congress
up over in the Senate. That is almost has this responsibility and this right,
as ridiculous, in my estimation, as is the and we should do it.
question of the Greek situation. Mr. PASSMAN. I am not quarreling
Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. with the gentleman, but :: think It is
Speaker, will my distinguished friend the only reasonable compromise that we
from Ohio yield? can arrive at on this highly controversial
Mr. BOW. I am always glad to yield foreign policy matter.
to my distinguished friend from New Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker I now yield
York. to the gentleman from M.chlgan (Mr.
Mr. ROONEY of New York. I am sure GERALD R. FoRD].
the gentleman will agree with me that Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speak-
that is one of the facts of life. er, it seems to me when we considered
Mr. BOW. It is one of the things the this appropriation bill snit ally we fully
gentleman is very good at doing, provid- recognized that the basic authorization
ing a little smokescreen once in a while bill was Inadequate to d.-al with the
when the battle gets rough and the guns problem. So we took our own steps to
are being fired. include North Vietnam in sections 107
I say to the gentleman that we have a (a) and (b). In other R ords, we de-
continuing resolution, so if a debate on ctded that we would put :!o Chi Minh
14(b) starts up they will be able to go on the same level with Castro. They
ahead just the same under the continu- are both of the same ilk. Now, when
ing resolution. the bill comes back in the form of a
I hope we will not have any more con- conference report we find that we are
tinuing resolutions. We have one now differentiating between Castro and Ho
up to October 15. I believe the debate Chi Minh. I do not understand that.
on 14(b) will be over by October 15 and It seems to me that if we were not
we will be able to get this bill through. strong enough in the aut1 orization bill,
Mr. ROONEY of New York. Will my we ought to take the matter in our own
distinguished friend yield to me once hands and remedy the error we made.
again, briefly. The SPEAKER pro t empore. The
Mr. BOW. Of course. time of the gentleman fi om Ohio has
Mr. ROONEY of New York. It has again expired.
just occurred to me, as the result of the Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Sr esker, I yield
gentleman's remarks, that the adoption the remaining time to the distinguished
of this very conference report on the minority leader [Mr. GERALD R. FoRDI.
T i id a ropriations bill has al- Mr GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker.
a pP
considering a sugar bill in the next cou-
ple of weeks, In view of the statement
of the gentleman from Michigan [Mr.
CHAMBERLAIN] I would call -attention to
the fact that some countries who have
been trading with North Vietnam will
receive valuable U.S. sugar quotas under
the provisions of pending sugar legis-
lation.
In addition, there seems to be an effort
in some areas of this administration for
increasing trade with Russia, including
the sale of wheat grown in my State. It
seems about time we recognized the
enemy, or enemies, In North Vietnam and
suspended all trade with any country di-
rectly or indirectly responsible for the
death of American boys.
Only yesterday, according to news re-
ports, Russian-built. Russian-supplied,
and I assume Russian-manned missiles
reportedly shot down two more U.S.
planes; and if this was not enough,
Brezhnev, the Soviet Communist Party
chief, warned yesterday of a further de-
terioration In Soviet-American relations.
It seems it is time to face up to the moral
Issue of trading with the enemy, and in
my opinion, we should suspend all trade
with Russia or any other country, Com-
munist or non-Communist, who may be
aiding and abetting North Vietnamese
efforts to defeat us and destroy our young
men In South Vietnam.
Let me state again that I strongly be-
lieve in providing food for peace but just
as strongly deplore providing food for
war.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, may I
inquire of the Chair how much time we
have left?
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
Boccs). There are 15 minutes remain-
ing. The gentleman from Louisiana has
15 minutes.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, we want
to be fair about a division of this time.
I want to yield 5 additional minutes
to the gentleman from Kansas [Mr.
SHRIVER]. We are not trying to use all
the time on this side. We want to yield
you as much time as you need.
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield
such time as he may require to the
gentleman from Missouri [Mr. HALL].
(Mr. HALL asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I shall vote
for the motion to recommit. It seems
to me this is about "where we came in."
I well remember when we were shipping
scrap Iron to Japan before Pearl Harbor
and it came "home to roost." I served
7'/2 years in that war, before, during,
and thereafter. The father of my three
granddaughters is on active duty in
South Vietnam today. Much has been
ore 4511
ways been a bellwether of sine die ad- I simply say that we ought to recommit
journment. the conference report for the valid rea-
Mr. BOW. I say to my friend from sons which have been giver. by the gentle-
New York. I will stay here until the man from Michigan IMr. -HANBERLAna1,
beginning of next session of Congress if the gentleman from Ohio [ Mr. Bow], and
I can save the life of one American boy the gentleman from Kansas [Mr.
who may be destroyed by shipments into SHRIVER]. it seems to me that we make
North Vietnam. I am not going home ourselves look ridiculous when we seek
for that purpose. to differentiate between C lba and North
Mr. ROONEY of New York. That is Vietnam, between Castrc and Ho Chi
commendable. Minh. This motion gives us in the House
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The of Representatives, and I hope In the
time of the gentleman from Ohio has other body. an opportuni- y to work our
expired. own will to tell the American people that
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
the gentleman from Ohio 2 additional
minutes, and ask the gentleman if he
will yield.
Mr. BOW. I yield to the gentleman
from Louisiana.
Mr. PASSMAN. I should like to ask
the gentleman If It Is not true that he
would stay here the rest of this year if
he could just keep one American boy
from from being injured?
make any differentiation as between Ho with our foreign policy, in spite of no
Chi Minh and Mr. Castro. such statement In the Constitution. I
Mr. Speaker, I yield beck the balance for one would feel better about this if
of the time. he were not busily engaged in giving
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield away our known and confirmed sovereign
the remaining 30 second- to the gentle- rights in the Panama Canal Zone-the
man from Kansas [Mr. IioLE]. one place in the world where we have
Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the an uncontested right and on which may
gentleman for yielding. In this brief rest the firmness of the Platt amend-
time, I would point out that we may be ment and even the Monroe Doctrine.
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We legislated on the latter last week in
this House.
I cannot imagine, in view of section 7
of article I of the Constitution, which
gives directly the responsibility to the
Congress to set policy respecting the
support and training of armies and na-
vies, why we should do other than what
we are doing, and that is trying to help
the executive branch prosecute effective-
ly a war against invasion by communism
around the world. Nor can I understand
why we have not "taken out" North
Vietnam's only oil storage and refinery
at the port of Hanoi on the Coo River.
Likewise I fail to understand why the
Secretary of Defense emasculates the
Reserve organization while failing to
order Guard and Reserve members to ac-
tive duty in a fit of power grab and po-
litical pique; in direct and agreed con-
travention of legislative constitutional
prerogative. Yes, Mr. Speaker, I shall
vote to recommit and I hope the House
will do likewise.
I am certain that every American citi-
zen was shocked by the declaration of
the North Vietnam Communists last
week that they intend to execute Ameri-
can servicemen captured by them in the
future, in utter disregard of the Geneva
Convention.
It is already sufficiently shocking that
the North Vietnamese have committed
murder within the past 2 weeks, execut-
ing without trials, two captured Ameri-
can servicemen. They were soldiers, fol-
lowing the orders of superiors. As such,
their execution in alleged reprisal for
the executions of three Vietcong terror-
ists, convicted by the South Vietnamese
for acts of subversion and espionage, can
only be considered an act of wanton
murder.
The civilized world should have been
as horrified by this declaration of sav-
agery; yet, incredible as it seems, no cry
of protest has been raised in the United
Nations. Surely, in aworld body which
is supposed to represent the world con-
science, there is no excuse to shut its
eyes, bind its mouth, and hold its ears
to an act more befitting of the Stone Age
than the 20th century.
Brutal as warfare is, there are certain
recognized practices-including humane
treatment of prisoners, which all civi-
lized nations have observed. Nowhere in
recent history, except perhaps the Congo,
has there been such an inhuman pro-
nouncement as the one by the Commu-
nist Government of North Vietnam.
What better indication of the true in-
tentions of the Communist world that
not a single Communist nation-
whether in the Russian camp or the
Chinese camp-has publicly condemned
the announcement.
When the United States felt it prac-
tical to make use of tear gas, which
rendered its Vietcong enemies in tears
and ill at their stomachs for a brief
period, the hue and cry around the world
was deafening. This harmless gas-
used by the police forces of many na-
tions-was not in contravention of any
article of the Geneva Convention. Yet,
the world-our friends as well as our
enemies-literally "raised the roof."
No. 182-4
But, in the face of wanton murder, stopping shipments to North Vietnam by
where-We must ask-are those voices all of our allies. But if we cut off aid to
of condemnation, which felt no com- Greece, the private shipping interests in
punction about berating the United Greece, under the government under
States? Neither our friends, nor our which that country operates, could con-
enemies, have seen fit to voice complaint
or protest.
The United Nations sleeps, unwilling to
express its conviction, and afraid lest it
offend the Communist bloc. I well re-
call that another world body tried to
ignore savagery, when an Ethiopian Em-
peror pleaded for help against Musso-
lini's legions. And, failing to react in a
moment of crisis, it eventually disinte-
grated.
Surely, it is apparent now, that every
Communist reaction to any issue is based
on only one question, Will it advance or
retard Communist control over the re-
maining free world?
The author of "Advise and Consent",
Allan Drury, has written another book,
"Three Kids in a Cart." It contains the
following passage, which I would like to
quote:
There has never been any evidence at any
hour of the day, except that which we our-
selves have blown out of all proportion with
our desperate hopes, to indicate that the
Communists have ever had any intention of
permitting peace to come to the world, or do
anything but destroy the free civilization of
the West. Each little crumb which has
fallen from their table has been hailed as
10 loaves of bread-by us.
Each conciliatory gesture, always made
with a devious purpose, has been turned into
hopeful signs-by us. And, while we have
been busy telling ourself we saw good faith
where good faith never existed, the patient
plan of murder and deceit and our ultimate
destruction has gone forward, unchanged to
the slightest degree by the self-delusions we
have desperately clung to.
Surely, the murder of prisoners of war
will eliminate any further self-delusions
by any American who has accepted the
myth of peaceful coexistence.
Surely this is a time to rescue ourselves
from apathy, to strengthen our resolve to
resist the Communist invader from the
North and to serve notice to the Commu-
nists and to the other nations of the
world that freedom's light will not be
snuffed out by acts of terror and wanton
nam. It seems to me that if we give this
authority to the President we will enable
him to use his good offices to persuade
our allies to persuade in turn their pri-
vate shipping interests to stop these
shipments. This is the only way that we
can hope to get done what all Members
want done.
The President has a great record in
this regard. The shipments into North
Vietnam from countries friendly to the
United States have gone down consid-
erably under the persuasion of the Presi-
dent. The President is doing the job.
We must not tie his hands and make it
impossible for him to function in the
national interest.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
2 minutes to the distinguished and able
chairman of the Committee on Foreign
Affairs [Mr. MORGAN].
(Mr. MORGAN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I stand
firm behind the statement of the Ma-
jority Leader. This is going to be a de-
termination by the President of the
United States. I am sure everybody in
this Chamber has confidence in our Pres-
ident. He is not going to let any ships
go into the ports of North Vietnam carry-
ing material from our allies that are go-
ing to destroy the lives of American boys.
I wish that some of the Members who
have spoken here about saving the lives
of American boys had acted differently
3 weeks ago when we had before us an
appropriation to furnish guns and jeeps
and ammunition for the boys fighting in
South Vietnam by supporting the foreign
military assistance part of the foreign
aid program. It seems peculiar to me
that they can come in here and say, "We
want to save lives in South Vietnam,"
but 3 weeks ago when we had the mili-
tary assistance program many votes on
the minority side were cast in the nega-
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield This is a determination by your Pres-
such time as he may require to the dis- ident, who is solely responsible for for-
tinguished majority leader, the gentle- eign policy. Let us have confidence in
man from Oklahoma [Mr. ALBERT]. the President of the United States.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I thank Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
the gentleman for yielding; and I shall will the gentleman yield?
not take much time. Mr. MORGAN. I am glad to yield to
Mr. Speaker, at least two points ought the gentleman from Michigan.
to be kept in mind in the consideration of
this matter. First, what we are asking I am talking about this very bill that
here is that Members not tie the hands we have in conference today.
of the President of the United States in Mr. GERALD R. FORD. There is
administering this program. The Presi- some difference between the appropria-
dent is not going to let one thing happen tion bill for the support of our own U.S.
anywhere that will jeopardize our safety. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines, and
The President is our Commander in this bill. Everybody voted for that bill.
Chief. We trust him with atomic weap- Mr. MORGAN. The gentleman voted
ons and all the military power of our for the bill, but many Members who are
country. What the President needs is opposing this section have never sup-
the power to protect the lives of our ported military assistance.
people. Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, cut- Mr. GERALD R. FORD. But, just a
ting off of aid will not necessarily stop minute, the gentleman from Pennsyl-
shipments; and that is what we are in- vania is not being clear. The foreign
terested in doing. We are interested in aid appropriation bill does not provide
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Octobe r 1, 1965
one bullet or one bit of equipment for
any U.S. military personnel.
With reference to the appropriations
bill for our own forces, every Member of
this House, Democrat and Republican,
voted for It. Now, that is the only place
in which we supply guns and ammuni-
tion for our own troops.
Mr. MORGAN. The gentleman is
familiar that a part of the foreign aid
military assistance goes to supply the
joint effort of the United States forces
and the South Vietnamese forces In our
fight against Vietcong.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. The appro-
priation contained in the foreign aid bill
goes to those nations that are allied with
us and not our own forces.
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I yield
2 minutes to the distinguished minority
leader, the gentleman from Michigan
[Mr. GERALD R. FORD].
(Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and
was given permission to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
I take this time only for the purpose of
clarifying what I believe was unfor-
tunately a wrong impression created.
Every Member of this House, as I recall
it, voted unanimously to support our own
military budget for the Departments of
the Army, the Navy and the Air Force.
There was some disagreement on the
appropriation bill for the foreign aid
program. But I know of no amend-
ment that was offered by anyone to make
a reduction In the military assistance
portion of that appropriation bill. There
have been some reservations by some con-
cerning the economic assistance. But if
we had the military assistance portion
of the foreign aid program Isolated so
all would have the choice of voting either
"yes" or "no" on that, I do not think
a single Member of this body on either
side of the aisle would oppose that por-
tion of the program.
So, Mr. Speaker, when some Members
on both sides of the aisle have voted
against the authorization or the appro- Speaker, I would like to risk a question This bill has in it some $670 million
believe there for the foreign aid reflection that t of the distinguished chairman of our plus, for southeast Asia. Much of it to
they eve has been a a in fleent ction with th the e subcommittee A moment ago he said equip South Vietnamese soldiers-to
equip them and to feed them and to help
economic hadviolent aossistance rather than the during the debate that if the House
military assistance. deletes the Rooney amendment, It would them fight the battles and share the
Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, will boil down to North Vi: tnam getting sacrifices in this war for freedom in
the gentleman yield? favored treatment over ('ribs. This is South Vietnam. I support this contri-
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Not right the thing that bothers mc, Mr. Speaker, bution to encourage the South Vietna-
now, but I shall yield to the gentleman and bothers me deeply. DDo you feel we mese to share in the cost, and in the
later if I have time. are less at war with North Vietnam than fighting, and in the dying in South
Mr. Speaker, in closing I have tradi- we are with Cuba? If no;. how can you Vietnam.
tionally and forcefully on almost every justify deleting sanetionE against ship- Some seem to be troubled by the fact
occasion favored both the authorization ping to North Vietnam then we have that the restrictive language provisions
and the appropriation bill for the for- taken them as regards Cuba? in the bill and the conference report
eign aid program. I believe in it. I Mr. PASSMAN. The tentleman has with respect to Cuba and with re-
think it is right. But I think it was un- made a statement of fact I do not like spent to North Vietnam are a bit differ-
fortunate that the implication was raised some of the things that this Congress ent. The present restrictive language
that some Members-and I do not know is doing any more than the gentleman with respect to Cuba came about prin-
which Members the gentleman from from North Dakota does. We are deal- cipally in 1962. Many countries were
Pennsylvania was speaking about-had ing with a foreign polic.' question and trading with Cuba at that time. Over
not voted to support the military assist- dealing with something that should have a period of weeks and months our Gov-
ance for our own forces. been handled by the legbiative commit- ernment was able to shut off free world
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The tees and not by the Committee on Ap- shipping to Cuba by countries which
time of the gentleman from Michigan propriations. were receiving our aid. But it took some
has expired. The SPEAKER. The time of the time. So the gentleman from New York
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker. I yield gentleman has expired. has said we are now making progress in ree 1 additional minute to the minority myself PASSMAN. iipeaker. I yield Nshutting orth Vieooff al four oworldv~p course,
leader.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Spei ker, will the Mr. Speaker, I am trusting the Presi-
gentleman yield? dent on this matter of foreign policy.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD I yield to We are supposed to have a nonpartisan
the gentleman from Pennsylvania. foreign policy. I do not believe the
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Spea ker, knowing President would take a chance on losing
of the years of service tha'. the gentle- one single American life. I am willing
man has put in on the C )mmittee on to trust him. I am willing to take his
Appropriations and knowini: of his great word that there are certain conditions
interest In military assistance, I remem- existing now, and that, therefore, he
ber the day that the gen Leman from needs the language that is in this bill.
Michigan took the floor in favor of in- I want to say I am certainly in com-
creasing the military assistance in the plete sympathy with some of the state-
foreign aid bill by $100 million. The ments that have been made today. But
gentleman has been a grew, defender of there is no such thing as having legisla-
the military assistance pr 3gram. But tion Just as we want it. We have
surely the gentleman fron_ the knowl- stronger language in this conference re-
edge he has, having set ved on the port than what was contained in the
Military Appropriations Subcommittee conference report on the authorizing
and on the great Committee on Appro- legislation. The conference report also
priations and through his y( ars of service contains stronger language than what
on the full Committee on A' )propriations was contained in the Senate appropria-
fully realizes that every dollar we send tion bill. When we had the conference
into South Vietnam, whether it comes report on the authorization bill before
out of our own military app''opriations or us that was the proper time to write
the military assistance program is a joint strong legislation on the subject and not
endeavor to win this war. ::o you cannot to wait to within a few days of adjourn-
make a decision here toda:t saying that ment sine die and bring up highly con-
you do not want to sacrifi;e the life of troversial foreign policy question and
one American soldier because in many move to recommit this appropriation
places in South Vietnam, ind the gen- bill.
tleman knows this, in mf ny places In The SPEAKER. The time of the
South Vietnam the South Vietnamese gentleman has expired.
army is the army that is guarding our Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
military installation. the balance of the time on the conference
Mr. GERALD R FORD Let me make report to the very distinguished, able
this one final comment. and sincere chairman of the Committee
Every ship that goes into a North Viet- on Appropriation, the gentleman from
namese port whether it is a Soviet bloc Texas [Mr. MAHoNI.
ship or a free world ship ccmplicates our The SPEAKER. The gentleman from
military problem in Vietn:-m. So what Texas (Mr. MAHoNI is recognized for 5
minutes.
this amendment provided in the House HON Mr. Speaker, I want to
bill, and the gentleman fr)m New York Mr. MA
thank the gentleman from Louisiana
was wise to offer it, precluded that. I [Mr. PASSMANI for yielding to me the re-
against and trust that w we will stand flan maining 5 minutes.
against this conference report and vote Mr. Speaker, I rise to support the po-
lo recommit it. sition which the gentleman from Loulsi-
Mr. SHRIVhe Mr. S[ maker, I yield h ana has just taken in regard to the
30 seconds [Mr. ANttu n from North rt pending conference report and the posi-
Dakota [Mr. ANDREWS]. tion which he has just taken against the
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Is to shut off all free world shipping to the conference prohibition is also much Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Chair-
North Vietnam; but this is not something stronger than the Senate amendment man, will the gentleman yield?
that the President feels can be done im- 9 which it replaces. Mr. MAHON. I yield to the gentle-
mediately or overnight, especially in view Both the authorization bill and the man from Michigan.
of the situation in Greece. A number of Senate amendment in the pending bill Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. I wonder if
Greek ships are involved. It is taking merely constituted expressions of the the distinguished chairman of the com-
time. We all favor taking every appro- sense of Congress about cutting off aid mittee could give us an example of a
priate step toward the elimination of all under the given circumstances. But the case in which the President of the
free world shipping to North Vietnam. conference agreement is a mandatory United States might determine that it
This is certainly my position and my provision-not merely an expression of was in the national interest,of our coun-
objective in supporting the conference a view. And the conference agreement try to permit free world ships to carry
agreement. is as strict, as strong, and as prohibitive military hardware to North Vietnam?
In this bill, which the gentleman from as the original House restrictions in this Mr. MAHON. The President does not
Louisiana [Mr. PASSMANI is asking you appropriation bill with the single and favor the carrying of military hardware
to vote for-and which I hope you will sole exception of the Presidential discre- to North Vietnam.
support-we have forbidden aid to any tion provision. Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. That is the
country which provides, sells, or ships in Mr. Speaker, in elaboration, may I say discretion we are giving him, is it not?
its vessels material to North Vietnam. that the casual reader of this RECORD or Mr. MAHON. I believe he needs the
We forbid it. We then propose to those not acquainted with the details of discretion which is in the pending bill
add the proviso-"unless the President the various provisions of the bill might in working with certain of our NATO
determines that the withholding of such gather that this conference agreement Allies until this matter can be handled
assistance would be contrary to the na- with respect to modification of the North in such a way as to enhance the stature
tional interest of the United States and Vietnam restriction represented a rad- of the United States in the NATO coun-
reports such determination to the Con- ical departure from precedent or prac- tries and also take care of our interests
gress." tice. On the contrary, Mr. Speaker, in southeast Asia. It seems to me that
In other words, we are trusting the Congress has repeatedly recognized the this is certainly a very wise position for
President as Commander in Chief of the need for Presidential discretion in high- us to take at this time under the
Armed Forces; we are trusting him as ly sensitive situations where national se- circumstances.
our spokesman in foreign policy, just as curity is involved. Cutting off shipping Mr. PASSMAN. The President would
we have always trusted our Presidents in to North Vietnam is not the only ques- never permit such a thing to happen If
foreign policy matters. My point is, why tion at stake; as indicated earlier, im- it was within his power to prevent it.
not trust him who is in command of our portant relationships with NATO allies Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
Armed Forces in South Vietnam In this vital to our security might well be ad- er, the measure before makes available
matter of shipping and working out versely affected if in our well-intentioned United States aid to Mexico. The
these arrangements which are well un- desire to hamstring North Vietnam in amount is undisclosed, yet last year
der way and which have been quite sue- every way possible we should unwisely United States aid to Mexico totaled
cessful in part thus far? Why not con- tie our President's hands. That is what almost $25 million.
tinue to trust him in this matter? We we have tried to-avoid, and that is our It is curious that $25 million is the offi-
trust him with many vital national mat- aim in this conference agreement to cial amount of trade Mexico exported to
ters affecting our freedom, our security, which some objection has been-voiced. Communist Cuba last year. Unofficial
our lives. We trust him with his.finger But more specifically, Mr. Speaker, the yet reliable sources show 1964 Mexican-
on the trigger of the atomic bomb. whole of the truth about the pending Cuban trade to be worth at least three
Under our system the President is auto- provision is this: The only real differ- times that amount.
matically charged with many awesome ence-the only difference of substance- It must be noted that the Organization
responsiblities. between the original House passed ver- of American States is desperately trying
A vote otherwise could in my judgment sion and the conference version is that to enforce an economic and diplomatic
be interpreted as a vote of no confidence the conference version permits the Pres- boycott of Communist Cuba. Mexico
in the President in this matter, this is idential discretion which I mentioned. seems oblivious of this official attempt by
certainly not the desire of any Members That is the only difference. And there all the nations of this hemisphere to
of the House on either side of the aisle. is nothing new or radical about that. quarantine Fidel Castro.
Elsewhere in the bill, in amendment Elsewhere in the pending bill, in As the leading nation in the Western
11, we prohibit assistance to Sukarno amendment amendment No. 10, we prohibit assist- Hemisphere, the United States should be
Indonesia unless-and I am reading from ante to Nasser's United Arab Republic the first to initiate reprisals against those
the bill itself-"unless the President de- unless-and I am reading from the bill foreign countries who thwart the will of
ter that such availability is essen- itself, which states-"unless the Presi- the majority of the nations in the hemi-
tial to the national interest of the United dent determines that the withholding of sphere.
States." such assistance would be contrary to the United States relations with Mexico
national interest of the United States have been cordial. The fact that Ameri-
th ng hrrieo re, Congress wdid a similar and reports such determination to the cans purchased over $600 million in goods
Nasser and ththis United Arab Republtr Congress." from their Mexican neighbors last year
Nass wa had the the Commodity Credit During President Eisenhower's admin- shows the good will which exists between
orporaeion supplemental appropriation istration, discretionary language was the two countries. However, with the
C po at ion In that instance, pr - likewise adopted by Congress in dealing true nature of the Castro regime shown
In Jan. pro with sensitive international situations in as virtually against the principles of the
h
ibited the use of any funds to export Yugoslavia. There are other examples. free world, those who administer the
any of
ur Arabulltur l commo
except a to This policy grows out of a realization of U.S. foreign aid program ought to use
the U lo
ted -and
this is the point-except when-and I the fact that often there are unpredicta- this Nation's generosity with Mexico as a
quote from poi law-"except when when-and ble changes in world trouble spots which lever to obtain an end to Mexico's aid to
quote fro detthe that the financing the require flexibility or action by the Presi- Communist Cuba.
of such exports is in the national in- dent if he is to serve the best interest of I urge the Congress to impress these
of such United States. principles in our foreign policy.
So, Mr. Speaker, I hope-the coming Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I move
Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, for the sake motion to recommit the conference re- the previous question on the conference
of emphasis, I must repeat something port will fail, and that we retain in the
others have said, because it is pertinent bill language forbidding shipments to report.
and it is important to an evaluation of North Vietnam except in certain in- The previous question was ordered.
the question: The conference agreement stances and circumstances in which the MOTION TO RECOMMrr
against North Vietnam shipping is President determines-as he must under Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I offer
stronger-much stronger-than what the conference bill-that it is in the a motion to recommit.
Congress adopted only a few weeks ago national interest to do otherwise and The SPEAKER. Is the gentleman op-
in the foreign aid authorization bill. And notifies the Congress to that effect. posed to the conference report?
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 Approved For RONGRES0i055NAL3RELAR RDDP67 ffl0dSfR000600130"RAer 1, .1965
Mr. SHRIVER. I am, Mr. Speaker.
The SPEAKER. The gentleman quaii-
fies.
The clerk read as follows:
Mr. SHSrvXS moves to recommit the con-
ference report to the committee of conference
with Instructions to the managers on the part
of the House to insist upon disagreement to
amendment No. 7.
The SPEAKER. Without objection,
the previous question is ordered.
There was no objection.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the motion to recommit.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The question was taken; and there
were-yeas 164, nays 174, not voting 94,
as follows:
[Roll No. 3471
YEAS--164
Abbitt Fisher O'Neal, Ga.
Abernethy Ford. Gerald R. Peily
Andrews, Fountain Pike
N. Dak. Fulton, Pa. Poff
Arends Fuqua Pool
Ashbrook Gathings Pucinski
Ashmore Gettys Qule
Ayres Gibbons Quillen
Baldwin Griffin Randall
Baring Gross Reid. nl.
Bates Grover Relfel
Battin Gubser Reinecke
Belcher Gurney Roberts
Bell Hagan, On. Robison
Bennett Haley Rogers, Fla.
Berry Hall Roush
Betts Halpern Rum ald
Bow Hanna
Brock Hansen. Idaho Saylor
Broomfield H%rvey.Ind. Schneebeli
Broyhill, N.C. Harvey. Mich. Scbwelkar
Broyhill. Va. Herlong Secrest
Buchanan Horton Selden
Byrnes, Wis. Hull Shriver
Carey Hungate Skubitz
Cederberg Hutchinson Smith. Calif.
Chamberlain Ichord Smith, N.Y.
Clancy Jarman Smith, Va.
Clausen, Jennings Springer
Don H. Johnson, Pa. Stafford
Clawson, Del Jones Stanton
Cleveland Jones, Mo. Stubblefield
Collier Keith 'ralcott
Conabie King, N.Y. Taylor
Conte Kunkel Teague, Calif.
Corbett Langen Teague, Tex.
Cramer Lennon Thomson. Win.
Cunsiingham Lipscomb Tuck
Curtin McCarthy Tuten
Dague McClcry Waggoner
Davis, Ga. McDade Walker. Minn.
Davis, Wis. McEwen Walker, N. Mex.
Derwineki McMillan Watkins
Devine MacGregor Watson
Dickinson Marsh watts
Dole Martin, Mess. Weltner
Dowdy Martin, Nebr. Whalley
Downing Mills White. Tex.
Dulski Minshall Whitener
Duncan, Tenn. Moeller Widnall
Dwyer Moore Williams
Edwards. Ala. Morton Wolff
Ellsworth Mosher Wydler
Erlenborn Nelsen Younger
FStscell O'Konski
Findley Olsen. Mont.
NAYS-174
Adams Burleson
Albert Burton, Calif.
Anderson. Byrne, Pa.
Tenn. Cabell
Annunzio Callan
Ashley Cameron
Ba.ndstrs Cholf
Barrett Clark
BeckWOrth Clevenger
Bingham Cohelan
Blatnik Conyers
Boggs Gorman
Boland Craley
Boiling Culver
Brademas Daddario
Brooks Daniels
Brown. Calif. de is Grrza
Burke Delaney
Denton
Diggs
Dingell
Donohue
Edmondson
Edwards. Oalif.
Evans. Colo.
Everett
Fallon
Farbsteln
Farley
Farnum
Feighan
Flood
Pog zty
Foley
Ford.
William D.
Fraser McGrath
Friedel McVicker
Fulton. Tenn. Machen
Gallagher Mackay
Garmatx Mackie
Glalmo Madden
Gilbert Mahon
Gonzalez Malliiard
Gray Matguoaga
Green, Pa. Meeds
Greigg Miller
Orider Minish
GriMths Mink
Hagen. Calif. Morxt3sn
Hamilton Moorhead
Hansen. Wash. Morgan
Harris Morrison
Hathaway Moen
Hechier Molter
Helatoeki Murphy, Dl.
Hicks Murphy. N.Y.
Holland Murray
Howard Natcher
Hunt Nadal
Irwin O'Brien
Jacobs O'Hara, IIl.
Joelson O'Hara, Mich.
Johnson, Calif. Olson. Minn.
Jones. Ala. O'Neill. Mare.
Karsten Ottinger
Barth Pasatnan
Kastenmeier Patman
King. Calif. Patten
King. Utah Pepper
Krebs Perkins
Landrum Phlibin
Long. Md.
Love
McDowell
McFall
Resnick
Rhodes, Pa.
Rodin
Rogers. Colo.
Rogers, Tex.
Ronan
Rooney.N.Y.
Rooney, Pa.
Rosenthal
Rostenkowski
itoybal
Ryan
Genru.tn
Scheuer
Schisler
Schmldhauser
Senner
Sickles
Bikes
Sisk
Slack
Staggers
Stalbaurn
Sullivan
Tenser
Todd
Trimble
Udall
Ullman
Van Deerlin
Van 1k
Vlgorito
Vivian
White. Idaho
Whitten
Willis
Wilson,
Poage Charles H
Powell Wright
Price Young
Reid, N.Y. Zablocki
Mr. Martin of Alabama for, with Mr. St.
tinge against.
Mr. Bray for, with Mr. Hays against.
Mr. Utt for, with Mr. Cooley against.
Mr. Wyatt for, with Mr. Dawson against.
Mr. Dorn for, with Mr. Tunney against.
Mr. Scott for, with Mr. Roncalio against.
Mr. Stephens for, with Mr. Hawkins
a^alnst.
Mr. Flynt for, with Mr. Kee against.
Mr. George W. Andrews for, with Mr. Reuss
against.
Mr. Pirnie for, with Mr. Rivers of Alaska
against.
Mr. Rhodes of Arizona for, with Mr. Han-
ley against.
Mr. Glenn Andrews for, with Mr. Grabow-
ski against.
Mr. Harsha for, with Mr. Hansen of Iowa
against.
Mr. Anderson of Illinois for, with Mr. Mac-
donald against.
Mr. Mize for, with Mr. Nix against.
Mr. Michel for, with Mr. Redlin against.
Mr. Cahill for, with Mr. Stratton against.
Mr. Matthews for, with Mr. Duncan of
Oregon against.
Mr. Race for, with Mr. Kluczynski against.
Until further notice:
Mr. Shipley with Mr. Lindsay.
Mr. Morris with Mr. Morse.
Mr. Thomas with Mr. Frelinghuysen.
Mr. Addabbo with Mr. Mathias.
Mr. Bonner with Mr. Halleck.
Mr Aspinall with Mr. Goodell.
Mr. Colmer with Mr. McCulloch.
Mr. Hardy with Mr. Tupper-
Mr. Evans of Tennessee with Mrs. Bolton.
Mr. Smith of Iowa with Mr. Steed.
The result of the vote was announced
as above recorded.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I move
the previous question on the conference
report.
The previous question was ordered.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
agreeing to the conference report.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The question was taken; and there
were-yeas 204, nays 127, not voting 101,
as follows:
NOT VOTING- ?94
Adair Grabowski Morris
Addabbo Green, Oreg. Morse
Anderson, Dl. Halleck Nix
Andrews. Hanley Picnic
George W. Hansen, Iowa Purcell
Andrews. Hardy Race
Glenn Harsher Red1tn
Asplnall Hawkins Reuse
Bolton Hays Rhodes. Ariz.
Bonner Hebert Rivers, S.C.
Bray Henderson Rivera. Alaska
Burton. Utah Holifield Roncallo
Cahill Hosmer Roudebush
Callaway Johnson. Oklr. St. Gage
Carey- Kee Scott
Carter Kelly Shipley
Ceiler Keogh Smith. Iowa
Colmar Kirwan Steed
Cooley Kluczynakl Stephens
Curtis Kornegay Stratton
Dawson Laird Sweeney
Dent Latta Thomar<
Donn Lindsay Tbompion, N.J.
Dow Long, La. Thompson, Tex.
Duncan, Oreg. McCulloch Toil
Dyal Macdonald Tunney
Evans, Tenn. Martin, Ala. Tupper
Lino Mathias Ott
Flynt Matthews Wilson. Bob
Frelingbuysen May Wyatt
Gilligan Michel Yates
Goodell Mize
So the motion to recommit was re-
jected.
The Clerk announcer. the following
pairs:
On this vote:
Mr. Hebert for, with Mr. Keogh against.
Mr. Long of Louisiana far, with Mr. Kir-
wan against.
Mr. Kornegay for, with Mrs. Kelly against.
Mr. Adair for, with Mr. Dent against.
Mr. Roudebush for, with Kr. Celle], against.
Mr. Burton of Utah for, with Per. Carey
against.
Mr. Bob Wilson for, with Mr. Do% against.
Mr. Callaway for, with Mr. Dyal against.
Mr. Carter for, with Mr Gilligan against.
Mrs. May for, with Mr. Purcell against.
Mr. Latta for, with Mrs Green of Oregon
against.
Mr. Hoamer for, with Mr Holiftelci against.
Mr. Laird for, with Mr. Yates against
Mr. Curtis for, with M1. Toll against.
Mr. Henderson for, with Mr. Thompson of
New Jersey against.
Mr. Flub for, with Mr. Svoeney against.
[ Roll No. 3481
YEAS-204
Adams Culver Griffin
Alpert Daddario Griffiths
Anderson, Daniels Hagen, Calif.
Tenn. Delaney Halpern
Annunzio Denton Hamilton
Arends Diggs Hanna
Ashley Dingell Hansen, Wash.
Ayres Donohue Harris
Baldwin Downing Hathaway
Bendstra Dulskl Hechler
Barrett Dwyer Helstoski
Bates Edmondson Hicks
Beckworth Edwards, Calif. Holland
Bell Evans, Colo. Horton
Bingham Fallon Howard
Blatnik Farbsteln Huot
Boggs Farneley Irwin
Boland Farnum Jacobs
Bolling Fascell Joelson
Brademas Feighan Johnson, Calif.
Brooks Flood Jones, Ala.
Broomfield Fogarty Karsten
Brown, Calif. Foley Karth
Burke Ford. Gerald it. Kastenmeier
Burton, Calif. Ford. King, Calif.
Byrne, Pa. William D. King, Utah
Cabeli Fraser Krebs
Callan Friedel Kunkel
Cameron Fulton, Pa. Landrum
Clark Fulton. Tenn. Leggett
Cleveland Gallagher Long, Md.
Clevenger Garmatz Love
Cohela-un Gialmo McCarthy
Conable Gilbert McDade
Conte Gonzalez McDowell
Conyers Gray McFall
Corbett Green, Pa. McGrath
Corman Greigg McVicker
Cratey Grader Machen
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 October 11, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
Mackay
Passman
Belden
Mackie
Patten '
Benner
Madden
Pally
Sickles
Mahon
Pepper
Sisk
Maililard
Perkins
Smith, N.Y.
Martin, Mass.
Philbin
Springer
Matsunaga
Fickle
Stafford
Meads
Pike
Staggers
Miller
Powell
Stalbaum
Minish
Price
Sullivan
Mink
Pucinski
Teague, Calif.
Monagan
Quie
Tenzer
Moorhead
Reid, N.Y.
Todd
Morgan
Resnick
Trimble
Morrison
Rhodes, Pa.
Udall
Morton
Robison
Van Deerlin
Mass
Rodino
Vanik
Multer
Rogers, Colo.
Vigorito
Murphy, M.
Ronan
Vivian
Murphy, N.Y.
Rooney, N.Y.
Weltner
Murray
Rooney, Pa.
Whalley
Natcher
Rosenthal
White, Idaho
Nedzi
Rostenkowski
Widnall
O'Brien
Roybal
Wilson,
O'Hara, Ill.
Ryan
Charles H.
O'Hara, Mich.
St Germain
Wolff
Olson, Mont.
Scheuer
Wright.
Olson, Minn.
Schisler
Wydler
O'Neill, mass.
Schmidhauser
Young
Ottingor
Schweiker
Zablocki
NAYS-127
Abbitt
Elieworth
Nelsen
Abernethy
Erlenborn
O'Konski
Andrews,
Everett
O'Neal, Ga.
N. Dak.
Fisher
Poage
Ashbrook
Fountain
Poff
Ashmore
Fuqua
Pool
Baring
Gathings
Quillen
Battin
Gettys
Randall
Belcher
Gibbons
Reid, Ill.
Bennett
Gross
Reifel
Berry
Grover
Reinecke
Betts
Gubser
Roberts
Bonner -
Gurney
Rogers, Fla.
Bow
Hagan, Ga.
Rogers, Tex.
Brock
Haley
Roush
Broyhill, N.C.
Hall
Rumsfeld
Broyhill, Va.
Hansen, Idaho
Satterfield
Buchanan
Harvey, Ind.
Saylor
Burleson
Harvey, Mich.
Schneebeli
Byrnes, Wis.
Herlong
Secrest
Casey
Hull
Shriver
Cederberg
Hungate
Skubitz
Chamberlain
Hutchinson
Smith, Calif.
Chelf
Ichord
Smith, Va.
Clancy
Jarman
Stubblefield
Clausen,
Jennings
Talcott
Don H.
Johnson, Pa.
Taylor
Clawson, Del
Jonas
Teague, Tex.
Collier
Jones, Mo.
Thomson, Wis.
Cramer
Keith
Tuck
Cunningham
King, N.Y.
Tuten
Curtin
Langen
Waggonner
Dague
Lennon
Walker, Miss.
Davis, Ga.
Lipscomb
Walker, N. Mex.
Davis, Wis.
McClory
Watkins
de la Garza
McMillan
Watson
Derwinski
Marsh
Watts
Devine
Martin, Nebr.
White, Tex.
Dickinson
Mills .
Whitener
Dole
Minehall
Whitten
Dowdy
Moeller
Williams
Duncan, Tenn.
Moore
Willis
Edwamdis, Ala.
Mosher
Younger
NOT VOTING-101
Adair
Flynt
McCulloch
Addabbo
Frelinghuysen
McEwen
Anderson, Ill.
Gilligan
Macdonald
Andrews,
Goodell
MacGregor
George W.
Grabowski
Martin, Ala.
Andrews,
Green, Oreg.
Mathias
Glenn
Halleck
Matthews
Aspinall
Hanley
May
Balton
Hansen, Iowa
Michel
Bray
Hardy
Mize
Burton, Utah
Harsha
Morris
Cahill
Hawkins
Morse
Callaway
Hays
Nix
Carey
Hebert
Patman
Carter
Henderson
Pirnie
Caller
Holifield
Purcell
Colmer
Hosmer
Race
Cooley
Johnson, Okla.
Redlin
Curtis
Kee
Reuss
Dawson
Kelly
Rhodes, Ariz.
Dent
Keogh
Rivers, Alaska
Dorn
Kirwan
Rivers, S.C.
Dow
Kluczynski
Roncalio
Duncan, Oreg.
Kornegay
Roudebush
Dyal
Laird
St. Onge
Evins, Tenn.
Latta
Scott
Findley
Lindsay
Shipley
Fino
Long, La.
Sikes
Slack Sweeney Tupper
Smith, Iowa Thomas Ullman
Stanton Thompson, N.J. Utt
Steed Thompson, Tex. Wilson,. Rob
Stephens Tall. Wyatt
Stratton Tunney Yates
So the conference report was agreed
to.
The Clerk announced the following
pairs:
On this vote:
Mr. Keogh for, with Mr. Hebert against.
Mr, Kirwan for, with Mr. Kornegay against.
Mr. Kluczynski for, with Mr. Henderson
against.
Mrs. Kelly for, with Mr. Scott against.
Mr. Holifield for, with Mr. Shipley against.
Mr. Addabbo for, with Mr. Sikes against.
Mr. Caller for, with Mr. Stephens against.
Mr. Macdonald for, with Mr. George W..
Andrews against.
Mr. Gilligan for, with Mr. Colmer against.
Mr. Evins for, with Mr. Dorn against.
Mr. Slack for, with Mr. Flynt against.
Mr. Hays for, with Mr. Rivers of South
Carolina against.
Mr. Casey for, with Mr. Race against.
Mr. Cooley for, with Mr. Morris against.
Mr. Dow for, with Mr. Steed against.
Mrs. Bolton for, with Mr. Glenn Andrews
against.
Mr. Morse for, with Mr. Harsha against.
Mr. MacGregor for, with Mr. Carter against.
M. Cahill for, with Mr. Utt against.
Mr. Frelinghuysen for, with Mr. Rhodes of
Arizona against.
Mr. Pirnie for, with Mr. Bob Wilson against.
Mr. Mathias for, with Mr. Adair against.
Mr. Lindsay for, with Mr. Callaway against.
Mr. Tupper for, with Mr. Roudebush
against.
Mr. Dent for, with Mr. Michel against.
Mr. Dyal for, with Mr. Stanton against.
Mr. Toll for, with Mr. Martin of Alabama
against.
Mr. Nix for, with Mr. McEwen against.
Mr. Thompson of New Jersey for, with
Mr. Latta against.
Mr. St. Onge for, with Mr. Laird against.
Mr. Hanley for, with Mr. Fino against.
Mr. Purcell for, with Mr. Curtis against.
Mr. Stratton for, with Mr. Burton of Utah
against.
Mr. Sweeney for, with Mr. Long of Louisi-
ana against.
Mr. Yates for, with Mr. Wyatt against.
Mr. Kee for, with Mrs. May against.
Mr. Reuss for, with Mr. Mize against.
Mrs. Green of Oregon for, with Mr. Bray
against.
Mr. Redlin for, with Mr. Anderson of
Illinois against.
Mr. Rivers of Alaska for, with Mr. Johnson
of Oklahoma against.
Mr. Smith of Iowa for, with Mr. McCulloch
against.
Mr. Grabowski for, with Mr. Findley
24855
may be used for assistance to any country,
the President shall take into account such
steps as that country has taken to prevent
ships under its registry from transporting
strategic items, items of economic assistance,
or other equipment, materials or commodities
to North Vietnam. If any country receiving
assistance fails to take appropriate steps to
prevent its ships from transporting such
items, it is the sense of the Congress that
assistance should be denied to that country."
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer
a motion.
The Clerk read as follows:
Mr. PASSMAN moves that the House recede
from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 9 and concur therein
with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of
the matter proposed, insert the following:
"SEC. 116. No assistance shall be furnished
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
as amended, to any country that sells, fur-
nishes or permits any ships under its registry
to carry to North Vietnam any of the items
mentioned in subsection 107(a) of this Act
unless the President determines that the
withholding of such assistance would be con-
trary to the national interest of the United
States and reports such determination to the
Congress."
The motion was agreed to,
The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report
the next amendment in disagreement.
The Clerk read as follows:
Senate amendment No. 10: Page 12, line
20, insert:
"SEC. 117. None of the funds appropri-
ated or made available in this Act for
carrying out the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961, as amended, shall be available for
assistance to the United Arab Republic, un-
less the President determines that such avail-
ability is essential to the national interest
of the United States."
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer
a motion.
The Clerk read as follows:
Mr. PASSMAN moves that the House recede
from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 10 and concur therein.
The motion was agreed to.
The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report
the next amendment in disagreement.
The Clerk read as follows:
Senate amendment No. 11: Page 13, line
1, insert:
"SEC. 118. None of the funds appropriated
or made. available in this Act for carrying
out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as
amended, shall be available for assistance to
Indonesia, unless the President determines
that such availability is essential to the
national interest of the United States."
against
.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I offer
Until further notice :
a motion.
Mr. Thomas with Mr. Hardy.
The Clerk read as follows:
Mr. Hansen of Iowa with Mr. Tunney.
Mr. PASSMAN moves that the House recede
Mr. Ullman with Mr. Dawson.
from its disagreement to the amendment of
Mr. Aspinall with Mr. Hawkins.
the Senate numbered 11 and concur therein.
Mr. Roncalio with Mr. Patman.
Mr. Matthews with Mr. Duncan of Oregon.
The motion was agreed to.
The result of the vote was announced
A motion to reconsider the votes by
as above recorded
which action was taken on the confer-
.
A motion to reconsider was laid an the
ence report and on the several motions
table.
was laid on the table.
The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report
the first amendment in disagreement.
The Clerk read as follows:
Senate amendment No. 9: Page 12, line 9,
insert:
"SEC. 118. In determining whether the
funds appropriated or made available pur-
suant to this Act for assistance under the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended,
GENERAL LEAVE
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
may have 5 legislative days in which to
revise and extend their remarks on the
conference report just adopted by the
House.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --HOUSE October' 1, 1P65
The SPEAKER. Without objection, it
Is so ordered.
There was no objection.
DISMISSAL OF COURT ACTION-
MESSAGE FROM THE DEPART-
MENT OF JUSTICE
The SPEAKER. laid before the House
the following communication from the
Department of Justice:
DEPARTMENT Or JUSTICE.
Washington. September 29, 1985.
Hon. JOHN W. MCCORMACH,
Speaker of the House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SPEAKER: We enclose a copy of an
order entered by the court on September 14,
1985, In the action entitled the All-America
Protectorate, Inc. v. Lyndon B. Johnson, et
al., Civil No. 1583-85, in which you were
named as a defendant. As Indicated In the
court's order, this action has now been die-
mimed by the court.
Accordingly, at an appropriate time after
the appeal period has expired, we will close
our files In this matter.
Sincerely yours,
JOHN W. DOUGLAS.
Assistant Attorney General.
The SPEAKER. Without objection,
the order will be recorded in the Journal
and in the RECORD.
[U.S. District Court for the District of Co-
lumbla-Civil action No. 1583-85j
THE ALL-AMERICA PROTECTORATE, INCORPO-
RATED, PLAINTI5 ', v. LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
INDIVIDUALLY AND AS PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES Or AMERICA; MIKE MANS-
FIELD, INDIVIDUALLY AND As MAJORITY LEAD-
ER Or THE UNITED STATES SENATE; EVERETT
M. DIRKSEN, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS MINORITY
LEADER OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE;
JOHN W. MCCoRMACK, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS
SPEAKER OF THE UNITED STATES HOUSE Or
REPRESENTATIVES; CARL B. ALBERT, INDIVID-
UALLY AND AS MAJORITY LEADER Or THE
UNITED STATES HOUSE Or REPRESENTATIVES;
AND GERALD R. FORD. INDIVIDUALLY AND AS
MINORITY LEADER or THE UNITED STATES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, DEFENDANTS
ORDER
Upon oonsideration of defendants' motion
to dismiss and the memorandum of points
and authorities in support thereof and In op-
position thereto, and It appearing to the
court that plaintiff lacks standing to main-
tain this action, that the complaint falls to
raise a justiciable controversy, and that this
court lacks jurisdiction to enter an order di-
recting Members of the Congress to perform
a legislative function, it is by the court this
14th day of September 1965,
Ordered, That defendants' motion to dis-
mission be and it hereby Is granted, and
that the action be and it hereby is dismissed.
J. SIRICA,
U.S. District Judge.
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that service of the fore-
going proposed order has been made upon the
plaintiff by mailing a copy thereof to Its at-
torney, Lovell W. George, Esq.. 8015 Forsyth
Boulevard. Clayton, Mo., 31405, on this 14th
day of September 1985.
ARNOLD T. AIKENB.
Assistant U.S. Attorney.
MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSISTANCE ACT
OF 1965
Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Speaker, by direc-
tion of the Committee on Rules, and in
behalf of the gentleman from Missouri
[Mr. BOLLING], I call up House Resolu-
tion 590 and ask for its immediate con-
sideration.
The Clerk read the resolution, as
follows:
Resolved, That upon the i,doption of this
resolution It shall be In order to move that
the House resolve Itself late the Committee
of the Whole House on the St ate of the Union
for the consideration of the bill (H.R. 3142)
to amend the Public Healtt Service Act to
provide for a program of gri.nts to avslst in
meeting the need for adequate medical li-
brary services and facilities After general
debate, which shall be conf ned to the bill
and shall continue not to e) teed two hours,
to he equally divided and controlled by the
chairman and ranking mint rity member of
the Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce, the bill shall be vad for amend-
ment under the five-minut s rule. At the
conclusion of the consideration of the bill
for amendment, the Committee shall rise and
report the bill to the He use with such
amendments as may have be m adopted, and
the previous question shall 1te considered as
ordered on the bill and amendments thereto
to final passage without Int. rvening motion
except one motion to recomtr it.
Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30
minutes to the gentleman from Califor-
nia [Mr. Sen'1'H), and pi nding that, I
yield myself such time as I might require.
(Mr. YOUNG asked and was given
permission to revise ani extend his
remarks.)
Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Sr esker, House
Resolution 590 provides an open rule
with 2 hours of general d ?bate for con-
sideration of H.R. 3142, a bill to amend
the Public Health Service Act to provide
for a program of grants to assist in meet-
ing the need for adequate x2edical library
services and facilities.
For some years concern has been ex-
pressed over the needs of !2edical librar-
ies for expansion, renovation, and Im-
proved services. If these libraries are
unable to meet the need for expanded
facilities and services, mu(h of the ever-
increasing volume of knot 'ledge and in-
formation in the health sliences will be
inaccessible to many scientists.
Studies conducted in 1963, 1964, and
1965 Indicate that medical libraries have
been unable to stay abreast of the mount-
ing medical and scientific literature.
The 1963 study indicate:l that the ad-
ditional space needs of tie 87 medical
school libraries would cost an estimated
$100 million. Space neec s reported by
79 medical schools In the 1965 question-
naire Indicated a total need of over 2.5
million square feet, or a t average per
school need of 32,00 square feet.
The 1965 questionnaire a [so Indicated a
total need of over 1.3 million volumes or
an average school need of 18.000 addi-
tional volumes and period:cals.
In addition to their nE eds for addi-
tional space and volume:;, the schools
reported on their needs for support for
cataloging, binding, and --ther instruc-
tional media or equipmer t. The aver-
age per school need for these other li-
brary resources Is $132,000.
The average medical ;school library
would have to expend of er $1 million
above expected budget allotments In the
next 5 years to meet llbrar;- needs as cur-
rently estimated. This does not Include
the additional costs of s affing, equip-
ping, and maintaining ex landed facill-
ties for the needed increases in volume
holdings.
The purpose of H.R. 3142 is to estab-
lish a program of grants to finance the
construction of medical library facilities,
the training of biomedical librarians and
information specialists, the expansion
and improvement of medical library re-
sources, research and development in
medical library science. the support of
special scholarly scientific projects, the
establishment of regional medical li-
braries, and the establishment of region-
al branches of the National Library of
Medicine.
Appropriations authorizations to car-
ry out the purposes of the bill would to-
tal $105 million over a 5-year period.
Mr. Speaker, I urge the resolution (H.
Res. 590) be adopted.
Mr. SMITH of California. Mr.
Speaker, I yield myself such time as I
may use.
(Mr. SMITH of California asked and
was given permission to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. SMITH of California. Mr.
Speaker, House Resolution 590 will pro-
vide for an open rule, with 2 hours of
general debate, for consideration of H.R.
3142, to amend the Public Health Serv-
ice Act to provide for a program of
grants to assist in meeting the need for
adequate medical library services and
facilities.
The purposes of the bill are to estab-
lish a program of grants to finance the
construction of medical library facili-
ties, the training of biomedical librari-
ans, the expansion and improvement of
medical library resources, the establish-
ment of regional medical libraries, and
the establishment of regional branches
of the National Library of Medicine.
The program covers 6 fiscal years, end-
ing June 30, 1970, at a cost of $105
million.
Section 393 covers assistance for con-
struction of facilities. The section au-
thorizes the Surgeon General, upon ap-
plication by any public or nonprofit in-
stitution, to make grants to help such
Institution in meeting construction costs
of a medical library facility. The appli-
cation must be recommended by the
National Medical Libraries Assistance
Advisory Board-whose membership is
identical with the Board of Regents of
the National Library of Medicine-and
approved by the Surgeon General after
making the following determinations:
First, the construction Is necessary to
meet the needs of the area where it will
be located; second, provisions of the
Davis-Bacon Act with respect to rate of
wages paid will be adhered to; third, the
facility will be used as a medical library
for at least 20 years; and fourth, that
sufficient non-Federal funds are avail-
able to meet that share of construction
costs and maintain the facility once it
is operational. Priority is to be granted
to applications for which the need is
greatest. The Federal grant may equal
75 percent of construction costs. If the
facility is not used as a medical library
for 20 years, the Federal Government
may recover its share of the project.
An appropriation of $10 million for each
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suppress the determination of any
'ogle to improve their lot In life. But
am greatly concerned that questioning
to steadfastness of _ our Alliance for
-ogress policy as a result of the Do-
inican situation may serve only to re-
force-such doubts as may exist and
ve rise to new ones. That is why I
'eak today.
I would consider it a great mistake
shake the confidence of the people of
lotin America in the desire of the United
sates to adhere to this basic policy and
work for the security of the hemi-
ihere through collective responsibility
id multilateral action by the organs of
to inter-American system.
In this connecttion, the House of Rep-
sentatives resolution passed Monday
rikes me as particularly unfortunate.
tdeed, if our policy were as stated in
fat resolution, the concerns of the Sen-
or from Arkansas would have been
>rne out. But the State Department
is denied that the House resolution
presents U.S. policy.
Mr. President, how much time have I
maining?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
are. Two minutes remain to the Sen-
or from New York.
Mr. JAVITS. I thank the Chair.
Mr. President, the Senator from Ar-
ansas, in his detailed discussion of the
Dominican crisis, neglected to offer his
iggestions on how the nations of the
mericas should deal In the future with
.tuations in which the Communist take-
ver of a Latin American Republic
arough aggression or subversion appears
.kely or imminent, while the House reso-
.xtion supports an almost unlimited
ange of action, including unilateral sc-
ion, which is not and should not be in
.ccord with our Latin American policy.
As I made clear when the Senator from
Kansas [Mr. CARLSON] and I introduced
)ur resolution, I feel that collective ac-
ion is the only wise and reasonable way
;o handle situations of this kind. The
House of Representatives resolution sup-
ports essentially unilateral action. The
resolution of the Senator from Kansas
and myself, and the suggestions which I
have made, are directed toward multi-
lateral action. I believe that we should
definitely go on record to that effect.
The applicable treaties of the inter-
American system contain prohibitions
against Intervention In the internal af-
fairs of the member states. Article 15 of
the OAS Charter provides:
No state of group of states has the right
to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any
reason whatever, in the internal or external
affairs of any other state.
Article 17 of the charter provides fur-
ther:
The territory of a state is inviolable; it may
not be the object, even temporarily, of mili-
tary occupation or of other measures of force
taken by another state, directly or indirectly,
on any grounds whatever.
But the Rio Treaty also contains provi-
sions applicable to such situations. Arti-
cle 6 of that treaty states:
If the inviolability or the integrity of the
territory or the sovereignty or political in-
dependence of any American state should be
affected by an aggression which is not an
armed attack or by an extracontinental or
intracontinental conflict, or by any other
fact or. situation that might. endanger the
peace of America, the Organ of Consultation
shall meet immediately in order to agree on
the measures which must be taken in case of
aggression to assist the victim of the aggres-
sion or, in any case, the measures which
should be taken for the common defense and
for the maintenance of the peace and se-
curity of the continent.
These provisions are broad enough to
be applied to any situation in which it is
the hemisphere might be endangered.
With the OAS legitimization of t
and met it. That system is sound, but it
needs to be strengthened and given the
means with which to act promptly and
effectively in emergency situations.
Certainly there is room for dispute as
to whether or not the U.S. assessment of
the likelihood of Communist takeover of
the Dominican revolution was justified.
The Senator from Arkansas invokes the
alleged failure of the United States to
evaluate properly the possibility that the
Communists supported, but were not
likely to take over, the revolution. The
Senator from Connecticut [Mr. Donn]
points to the findings of the five Ambas-
sadors of the other American Republics
appointed by the OAS as a special com-
mittee to Investigate the Dominican situ-
ation and other evidence to prove the
contrary.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The time of the Senator from New
York has expired.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I yield
1 more minute to the Senator from New
York,
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. 'The Senator from New York is
recognized for 1 additional minute.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, but this
dispute may never be satisfactorily. set-
tled. What actually happened In April
1965 is a matter for history. Our real
concern now must be our policy In the
days and years ahead, and we cannot
ourselves contribute to eroding confidence
in our policy.
For that reason, I urge action on the
resolution introduced by the Senator
from Kansas and myself to assure the
people of the Americas that our policies
have not changed and that we continue
to support their quest for social and eco-
nomic advancement under free institu-
tions.
It is for that reason that I have urged
the State Department to get behind
needed reforms in the inter-American
system. If we act in the Senate on the
resolution of the Senator from Kansas
[Mr. CARLSON] and myself-which is a
concurrent resolution-it will allow ac-
tion by the other body, should the other
body choose to act, thereby dealing with
a rather disagreeable situation created
by the resolution of the other body, which
the State Department almost immedi-
ately denied represents U.S. policy.
What the Senator from Arkansas [Mr.
FULBRIGHT], the Senator from Connecti-
cut [Mr. DODD], the Senator from Penn-
23917
Sylvania [Mr. CLARK], the Senator from
Georgia [Mr. RUSSELLI, and other distin-
guished Senators have done is to put us
on the road to a challenge to make clear
to the Americas that our policy is con-
stant. Today, .I have suggested a means
by which we may effectively accept that
challenge.apnd pt it tolgood use in the
Mr Presodd ,, -1 am grateful to the
Seni r f~ rVMhodc Island for yielding
ED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION
BILL, 1966
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 10871) making appro-
priations for foreign assistance and re-
lated agencies for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1966, and for other purposes.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I yield
5 minutes on the bill to the Senator from
Missouri [Mr. LONG].
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The Senator from Missouri is rec-
cognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
during the past 20 years, the United
States has made progress in the task of
combating the grim conditions In which
communism thrives-poverty, hunger,
disease, and economic stagnation.
Our dollars have been encouraging
economic development in countries which
20 years ago were called hopeless and
"distined forever to underdevelop-
ment."
Today, the fires of freedom are burn-
ing. Through our assistance program,
millions of people have been given an
alternative to communism, and alterna-
tive to hopelessness and despair.
Children who might have died in in-
fancy are today alive and in school be-
cause the United States sent dollars, doc-
tors, and nurses to start village health
programs.
Mr. President, the aid program we are
considering today concentrates our eco-
nomic aid in the few countries where it
will to the most good. Around 72 per-
cent of our military aid is going to 11
countries which face the day-to-day
pressure of communism. These 11
countries border on the Communist bloc.
Nearly 80 percent of our economic aid
Is going to only 11 countries which have
the ability and the desire to lick their
most pressing problems.
Two-thirds of our development loans
are going to countries which are using
substantial amounts of their own money
and resources. For every American dol-
lar the major U.S. aid countries allocate
an average of $6 from their own re-
sources.
The appropriations which we are con-
sidering today will be largely spent in
the purchase of American goods. Over
85 percent is tagged specifically "to be
spent only in the United States."
Four years ago, just 40 percent of our
aid dollars was used to buy U.S. products.
In 1960, only 26 million U.S. aid dollars
were spent buying American farm and
industrial machines. Last year however,
170 million U.S. aid dollars were spent
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for U.S. machines. Last year, five times
as many U.S. aid dollars were spent on
American chemicals than were spent in
1960. Four times as many U.S. aid dol-
lars were spent on American fertilizer
than were spent in 1960.
Much of this aid money therefore helps
to build U.S. export trade. Aid program
purchases in the United States build
trade ties for the future. Take for ex-
ample the results of our postwar aid to
Japan and Germany. These two coun-
tries. once devastated and impoverished,
are today among our biggest trading
partners and, may I add, these coun-
tries are more and more taking on them-
:-;elves the burden of assisting less-devel-
oped peoples.
We have made great strides in get-
ting other strong free world countries to
build their aid programs. Today over
one-third of all free world aid comes
from our allies. Each year they increase
their share.
The great question before the Senate
today is this: Are we going to keep fight-
ing communism with American dollars
and American know-how? The answer
we give is basic to the future of the free
world. If we do not fight communism
with American dollars and exports to-
day, we may miss as opportunity to pre-
vent Communist aggression, we may miss
an opportunity to prevent another Viet-
nam tomorrow.
I believe, if we do not fight com-
munism with American dollars, that we
may have to fight communism with more
and more American boys. I much prefer
to spend an American dollar instead of
the life of an American boy.
Let us continue the aid program be-
a,un by President Harry Truman. Just
as Harry Truman's -Marshall plan aid
turned back the tide of communism in
Turkey and Greece, so today we must
turn back the Communist tide In other
countries.
Mr. President, I support the foreign
assistance appropriation bill of 1966 be-
cause it will provide a vital tool for the
cause of peace, freedom, and prosperity
around the world.
THE MOST IMPORTANT WAR
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Rhode Island yield?
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I yield
15 minutes to the Senator from South
Dakota. to be taken out of the time of
the opposition. I have received permis-
sion to this effect from the minority
leader. the Senator from Illinois [Mr.
DIRKSEN 1 .
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The Senator from South Dakota
is recognized for 15 minutes.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, the
most challenging crisis for the rest of
this century will be the accelerating race
between food and people. We are faced
with the specter of widespread hunger
:Ind starvation on a scale the world has
lever before known unless we begin to-
1a,, - to plan for tomorrow's food needs.
The nations of the earth must do more
than they are now doing to meet future
iuud demands or major starvation will
be the most painful fact of life on this
planet within 10 years.
Even today, human hungrr is a much
more serious problem than Is generally
realized. Half a billion G eople suffer
from inadequate quantities of food. An-
other billion subsist on imf roperly bal-
anced diets, most notably a shortage of
protein foods. Three mill on children
die each year from disease:. Induced by
malnutrition. Countless human beings
go through life permanertly crippled
physically, mentally, and emotionally be-
cause of inadequate prole: n, vitamins,
and minerals In their forriative years.
The ever present companions of malnu-
trition-lethargy, disease, and prema-
ture death-breed a vicious circle of
listless human beings power less to break
out of their misery and yet capable of
breeding more misery for tieir children
and for generations yet unbt rn.
During 1961 and 1962, when I was
privileged to serve as fcod-for-peace
director for the late President Ken-
nedy, I developed a growir.g conviction
that the most overwhelming paradox of
our time is to permit halt" the human
race to be hungry while we struggle to
cut back on surplus prcduction and
overeating. Science has broken the
space barrier, but not the fonds of hun-
ger. Today's hunger, how( ver, is only a
mild indication of the er ormous food
gap that looms on the horizon.
Writing in 1789, Dr. Toinas Malthus,
of England, observed that nan's capac-
ity to reproduce his kind was so much
greater than his capacit3 to produce
food that population woulet soon exceed
available food supplies. Starvation
would then be man's lot unless his num-
bers were kept down by wttr. pestilence.
or other drastic developm? nts.
I think I may fairly make two postulate-
Wrote Malthus.
First. that food is necessary to the exist-
ence of man. Secondly, thi,t the passion
between the sexes in necessary, and will re-
main nearly in its present state.
As for the hope expressed by his con-
temporary, Mr. Goodwin, t hat "the pas-
sion between the sexes m;ty in time be
(.xtinguished," Malthus observed:
Toward the extinction of the passion be-
tween the sexes, no progress whatsoever has
hitherto been made. It app tars to exist in
as much force at present as It did 2,000 or
4.000 years ago.
Assuming then, my postul its as granted.
I say-
Continued Maithus-
thnt the power of population is indefinitely
greater than the power In ti a earth to pro-
duce subsistence for man.
Population, when unchecked. Increases in
a geometrical ratio. Subali tense Increases
only in an arithmetical ratl ). A slight ac-
quaintance with numbers will show the im-
mensity of the first power In comparison
of the second.
out a sense of genuine alarm for tl
future. Multitudes of people are now
a collision course with starvation.
What are the facts behind this di
turbing prospect?
Fact No. 1: The population of t:
world Is now accelerating at a faster ra
than is food production. It has take
the entire history of the human ra
from the Garden of Eden to the ye
1960 to reach a global population of 3 b:
lion people. But the most caref
projection indicates that by the end
this century-35 years hence-the po]
elation of the globe will be double
present size, or 6 billion. What requir
thousands of years to achieve will
duplicated in 35 years.
These figures testify to the marvels
modern medicine, sanitation, and scie:
tific achievement in extending hum.
life. But they also present an arrestii
outlook because they are not actor
partied by a proportionate increase
food production. Because food produ
tion is now lagging behind a burgeonii
world population, there are more hung
people in the world today than any pr
vious time in recorded history.
Fact No. 2: The prospects for substal
tial increases in food production in tl
areas of greatest need, most notably As
and Latin America, are not encouragin
In three regions of the world-first, tl
United States and Canada; secon
Western Europe; and, third, Australia
New Zealand, plus parts of Argentir
and southeast Asia-there are adequa
food supplies. These regions have uti
ized modern technology, an educate
rural population, concerned governmen
economic incentives and fertilizer, pest
tides. hybrid seed and other innovatior
to increase the productivity of the Ian
faster than their population growth.
But the combined population of thes
food surplus regions includes only one
fifth of the world's people. The othe
four-fifths live in Asia, Latin Americe
Africa, and the Middle East. These area
are increasing their populations faste
than either the supply of arable land o
the productivity of their presently cul
tivated acreage. There is today only 0.'
of an acre of cropland per person it
Asia, as compared to 1.2 acres per persoi
In the United States and Canada-a ra-
tio three times more favorable for Nortl
America than for Asia.
This imbalance between people ant
arable land is greatly complicated by tw(
other factors. First, underdeveloped re-
gions, such as Asia-with the exceptior
of Japan-have not significantly in-
creased the productivity of their culti-
vated acreage. Primitive farming meth-
ods, improper irrigation techniques, the
lack of an educated rural population, in-
adequate credit and land ownership
structures, ineffective political leader-
ship, the absence of rural extension serv-
Although it has been intellectually ices, a shortage of capital, the lack of
respectable to scoff at the predictions of farm-to-market roads or a cash market
Malthus in view of the tmforeseen in- for produce, and the generally low pri-
creases in food production during the ority which many countries have at-
past 150 years. his wan dogs may yet tached to rural development-all of these
prove to be valid. Certainly, one can- deficiencies have held agriculture in a
not look at the projection )f current food primitive state characterized by static
production and populatloii growth with- productivity in most parts of the world.
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of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 89t/D CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
,iZonrcssionaL Record
WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1965
le expiration of the recess, and was
filled to order by Hon. DONALD RUSSELL,
Senator from the State of South Caro-
cia.
The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown
arris, D.D., offered the following
rayer:
0 God, high over all, pilgrims of the
fight, we would reach for Thy hand in
le darkness. Even as the busy tribes
' flesh and blood, with all their cares
rid fears, are carried swiftly onward by
le flood of this tempestuous day, lead
s who seek Thy face to still waters and
reen pastures where in some shrine of
:fie spirit we may be assured of those
alues which are excellent and perma-
tent and which assert their sovereignty
n all life's changing scenes.
Etch deep in our hearts the suffering
Lnd pain of shepherdless multitudes, so
wearied by the burden and the stress of
ife. Grant us such a vision of our needy.
world in this great day of our oppor-
iuni.ty as shall make us instant and eager
3harer4 with Thee in its redemption.
Redeem our failures, pardon our trans-
gressions, transform every task into a
throne of service and crown this day of
labor with the benediction of Thy "well
done."
We ask it in the dear Redeemer's
name. Amen.
DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI-
DENT PRO TEMPORE
The legislative clerk read the follow-
ing letter:
U.S. SENATE,
PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE,
Washington, D.C., September 23, 1965.
To the Senate:
Being temporarily absent from the Sen-
ate, I appoint Hon. DONALD RussELL, a Sen-
ator from the State of South Carolina, to
perform the duties of the Chair during my
absence.
CARL HAYDEN,
President pro tempore.
Mr. RUSSELL of South Carolina
thereupon took the chair as Acting Pres-
ident pro tempore.
TED AGENCIES APPROPRIA-
TIONS FOR 1966
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The Chair lays before the Senate
the unfinished business.
The Senate resumed the considera-
tion of the bill (H.R. 10871) making ap-
propriations for foreign assistance and
related agencies for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1966, and for other pur-
poses.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
yield myself 2 minutes under the bill.
It is my understanding that the floor
manager of the bill will then yield 10
minutes to the distinguished Senator
from New York [Mr. JAVrTS].
THE JOURNAL
On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by
unanimous consent, the reading of the
Journal of the proceedings of Wednes-
day, September 22, 1965, was dispensed
with.
MESSAGES FROM THE PRESI-
DENT-APPROVAL OF BILLS AND
JOINT RESOLUTIONS
Messages in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States were communi-
cated to the Senate by Mr. Geisler, one
of his secretaries, and he announced
that on September 21, 1965, the Presi-
dent had approved and signed the fol-
lowing acts and Joint resolutions:
S. 20. An act to provide for the establish-
ment of the Assateague Island National Sea-
shore in the States of Maryland and Virginia,
and for other purposes;
S. 135. An act for the relief of Elizabeth
Kam 01 Hu;
S. 136. An act for the relief of Angel Lag-
may;
5.454. An act for the relief of Lee Hyang
Na;
S. 521. An act for the relief of Maria Gio-
conda Femia;
S. 828. An act for the relief of Cha Mi iii;
S. 879. An act for the relief of Kim Sa
Suk;
S. 971. An act for the relief of Mrs. Elena
B. Guira;
No. 176
S. 1084. An act for the relief of Shu Helen
Chang;
S. 1170. An act for the relief of Chung J.
Clark;
8. 1186. An act for the relief of Eris Ann
Larsen;
S. 1209. An act for the relief of Specialist
Manuel D. Racelis;
S.J. Res. 89. Joint resolution extending for
2 years the existing authority for the erec-
tion in the District of Columbia of a memo-
rial to Mary McLeod Bethune; and
S.J. Res. 102. Joint resolution to author-
ize funds for the Commission on - Law En-
forcement and Administration of Justice and
the District of Columbia Commission on
Crime and Law enforcement.
EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED
As in executive session,
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore laid before the Senate messages
from the President of the United States
submitting sundry nominations, which
were referred to the Committee on the
Judiciary. -
(For nominations this day received, see
the end of Senate proceedings.)
COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING
SESSION OF THE SENATE
On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by
unanimous - consent, all Senate . com-
mittees were authorized to meet during
the session of the- Senate today.
On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by
unanimous consent, the following calen-
dar measures were considered and acted
upon as indicated, and excerpts from the
reports thereon were ordered to be print-
ed in the RECORD, as follows:
BOOK JA KIM, AI JA KIM, AND
MIN JA KIM
The bill (S. 2126) for the relief of Book
Ja Kim, Al Ja Kim, and Min Ja Kim
was considered, ordered to be engrossed
for a third reading, read the third time,
and passed, as follows:
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 Approved Fo a eft WR1/1RE ,-DPQ,,WRWR00060 1 Q? 23, 196
Be it enacted by the Senate and (louse
Of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That, for
the purposes of the Immigration and Na-
tionality A.ct, Book Ja Kim. At Ja Kim. and
Min Ja Kim shall be held and considered to
have been lawfully admitted to the United
States for permanent residence as of Janu-
ary 20. 1959.
EXCERPT FROM THE COMMITTEE REPORT
(No. 759)
PURPOSE OF TES BILL
The purpose of the bill is to enable the
beneficiaries to file petitions for naturaliza-
tion.
TONY BOONE
The bill (H.R. 2358) for the relief of
Tony Boone was considered, ordered to
a third reading, read the third time, and
passed.
EXCERPT
FROM THE COMMITTEE REPORT
(No. 761)
PURPOSE OF THE BILL
The purpose of the bill is to facilitate the
entry into the United States in a nonquota
status of an alien child adopted by citizens
of the United States. The bill also waives
the limitation of two orphan petitions.
KSENIJA POPOVIC
The bill (H.R. 2772) for the relief of
Ksenija Popovic was considered, ordered
to a third reading, read the third time,
and passed.
EXCERPT FROM THE COMMITTEE REPORT
(No. 762)
PURPOSE OF THE BILL
The purpose of the bill is to facilitate the
entry into the United States in a nonquota
status of an alien child adopted by a citizen
of the United States.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President,
that concludes the call of the calendar.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I
yield 10 minutes on the bill to the senior
Senator from New York [Mr. JAVrrs1.
olution 56. which I introduced with Sen-
ator CARLSON on September 2.
Second. I believe that we should now
sponsor certain reforms in the Inter-
American system which th . Dominican
Incident and the ensuing debate indi-
cate to be desirable.
First. as to the resolution i ihich I spon-
sored with Senator CARLSON, this resolu-
tion would reaffirm the faith of -Congress
in the Alliance for Progress is the frame-
work for nonviolent, but accelerated,
social and economic develop. nest of Latin
America; would seek to improve the au-
thority and capability of the the inter-Amer-
ICRII system to deal with Communist or
ultra-rightist subversion )r efforts to
take over democratic govei nments: and
would encourage and sup: )ort common
efforts to strengthen constil utlonal, dem-
ocratic, and progressive g )vernment in
the Americas.
I point out that this resolution now be-
comes supremely importaft because on
Monday last, the House o' Representa-
tives passed a resolution which, in effect.
is being construed throughout Latin
America as supporting un:tateral action
by any nation of the hemisphere to com-
bat Communist subversion within the
territory of another nation. Right or
wrong, that is what Latin America is
thinking and saying about : t.
The State Department has already re-
butted the proposition, bu nonetheless, it failed to establish at the time and h;
the resolution of the other body remains not established since."
on the booksand gives an added Impetus Therefore, he continues-
to the action required lei a In the Sen- Since just about every revolutionary mov-
ate to counter that impres:don. The res- meat is likely to attract Communist sul
olution which I have suggel ted, which has port, at least In the beginning, the approae
already been introduced, s a very suit- followed in the Dominican Republic.
able framework for consideration by the consistently pursued, must inevitably mat
Committee on Foreign Re ations to that us the emyof and and thert
eoi
effect. fore the ally Now, as to reforms of the inter-Ameri - rupt obligarchies of the hemisphere.
can system, I suggest the i ollowing: From that he concludes:
First. The representatives to the Coun- Another theme that emerges from th
eil of the Organization of American Dominican crisis is the occurrence of
States in Washington Sh )uld be vested striking change in U.S. Policy toward th
with authority equal to that held by am- Dominican Republic and the possibility-
i
gns are am
CONFUSION OVER UNITED STATES bassadors to the United Nations. This not a certainty, because the s
LATIN AMERICAN POLICY MUST would allow the represelitatives to the bo~chsnbetaon only ti ern the i ilitgenel
y-of L a BE ENDED ma
Council to act with bgreate eing J, authority and American policies of the United States.
?ithout being orced Into in-
R
l
t
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I shall
speak today about the debate that has
been going on with respect to the actions
of the United States in the Dominican
Republic last April. In view of my long-
standing concern with the problems of
Latin America. I feel it is very important
to make these comments today, since the Organization of American States should
debate on the subject Is unfortunately be posted as an observer in each of the
creating confusion about what our policy capitals of the American : Lutes.
toward Latin America really is. There are only 19 other capitals. It
The main point. I believe, that has makes sense to have an OAS observer in
failed to emerge clearly from this des- each, so that an immedi; to report as to
cussion is that U.S. policy with respect to any revolutionary or subs crstve situation
Latin America has not been changed by may be obtained from an OAS represent-
the action taken in the Dominican Re- ativc who is there all tare time and is
public, but remains the policy of the good acquainted with the local situation.
neighbor, the policy of the good partner, Fourth. Serious efforts should be made
the policy of the Alliance for Progress. to bring Canada into the Inter-American
I suggest there are two ways In which system, to give completeness to hemi-
this point needs to be made and empha- spheric action and to piovide an added
t 11 ntlat and this f AA-rice it the system I
o co
else -
It
a very fine addition to the totality of ti
inter-American system.
Now a word about the debate whic
was led off by the Senator from Arkans:
[Mr. FULBRIGHT], in his now famous ar
highly controversial discussion of of
actions in Santo Domingo. He sa
much with which I feel I and many,
my colleagues can agree about the desi
of the United States to aid in bringir
about much needed social, economic, at
political change in Latin America; b
he questioned whether our action In Sal
to Domingo did not indicate a change
our policy toward Latin America.
I feel that in view of the debate coi
cerning Senator FULBRIGHT'S speech, as
in view of the resolution to which I ha
already referred adopted in the Hou
last Monday, it is particularly necessa
for Congress to clear up the confusion
to our policy that these developmen
have undoubtedly caused in Lat
America. We must remember that t:
confusion was created by what to,
place in Congress, not in the executi
department, and therefore it Is som
thing we should contribute to clearh
up promptly.
Senator FULBRIGHT'S central thesis
discussing the Santo Domingo action
that "the administration acted on ti
premise that the revolution was col
form movements-even re orm revo ,,-
tions if democratically based and di-
rected-as in basic accord with the in-
terests of the United States. However.
the Senator asserts that our handling
of the Dominican crisis called forth
hoary historical ghosts of U.S. inter-
vention, lent credence to the idea that
the United States is the enemy of social
revolution in Latin America, and created
serious suspicions that our policy has
changed.
I do agree with the Senator from Ar-
kansas that our true friends in Latin
America must not be left in doubt that
measure
is espee a y
shed.
I have from personal knowledge and con- think Canada can be of great assistance our policy remains unchanged and that
tacts-to reassure our millions of friends to the hemisphere as a bridge between their social revolutions will have our
in Latin America. the United States, a great country called sympathy and support. We are a Nation
First. I believe that we should act now "the colossus of the North." and the created by revolution, we can under-
in the Senate on Senate Concurrent Res- Latin American countries, and would be stand revolution, and we have no desire
]
dispa
c
action while they seek in., tractions from The Senator from Arkansas [Mr
their respective capitals. FIJLBRIGHTI believes that our policy to-
Second. Improved procedures for the ward Latin America should continue tc
prompt OAS handling if emergencies be based g
of 4.11 support
Alli. retfOr Progress
l
oa
s
should be established. a Third. And this Is very important, Mr. on advancement of the cause of popular
President-that a representative of the democracy, and on the viewing of re-
IV I
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CJC 67BEO~v41 E000600130008-4 23925
September 23Aglyehved For ~~' $g gA
sixteenth century, these positions were over-
run by a further Muslim conquest from the
northwest-that of the misnamed Moguls.
Islam's adherents, thus deposited widely
over India, came'to aggregate about a fourth.
of a population preponderantly Hindu. They
were concentrated more in the north and
formed majorities only in the northwest and
northeast extremes. Great ethnic, lingual,
and regional differences divided them.
Besides being heavily outnumbered, Mus-
lims were generally at a competitive disad-
vantage in important vocations. A main ex-
ception was the military profession. The
Bengalis aside, Muslims generally did well at
soldiery. They also enjoyed the prestige of
religious identity with the establishments
ruling over large portions of the subcon-
tinent at the Mogulate's zenith and through
its long decline. But with the Mogulate's
final collapse and the advent of the British
raj in 1857, Muslim, thought had to meet
the problems of a disadvantaged and highly
self-conscious minority. The reponse was
to emphasize connections with the great
body of Islam outside the subcontinent. In-
security was redressed by Invoking a com-
munity, part mystical and part real, epito-
mized in the caliphate which combined re-
ligious with temporal authority in the Turk-
ish sultan.
Humiliation of the caliphate with the de-
feat of Turkey in World War I and the secu-
lar-minded Ataturk's subsequent outright
abolition of the institution amounted to a
spiritual amputation for the subcontinent's
Muslims. A movement developed to restore
the caliphate as their anchor of significance.
Meanwhile, eventual independence for In-
dia, prefigured in Britain's grant of a small
measure of self-rule in the 1919 Govern-
ment of India Act, became a growing pros-
pect. The caliphate movement found a new
name as the Muslim League and a new pur-
pose in demands for autonomy, and then
for separate statehood for Muslims in the
event of independence for India. In dreams
spun by this movement, a Muslim state in
the subcontinent, as the Islamic world's most
numerous and powerful, would be looked to
for leadership by Muslims everywhere and
would thereby gain an importance rivaling
or even excelling India's. But there were sec-
ular considerations too. Proponents of Pak-
istan sought a polity of their own so as to
escape political subordination to a majority
from which they felt alienated.
Specifically, two factors appear to have
been indispensable in the resulting emer-
gence of Pakistan. One was the driving
personality of Mohammed All Jinnah-a man
of no strong religious impulse but of im-
placable resolve not to be ruled by Hindus.
The second was a determination to preserve
the professional identity of Muslim officers
fearful of being submerged or eliminated
when the British Army in India should be-
come the Indian Army.
The new state of Pakistan took form in
two territories, with a population differenti-
ated in language, personality, and outlook.
A thousand unfriendly Indian miles sep-
arated them. A governing apparatus had to
be assembled from scratch: Trained talent
was woefully short, for much of the Muslim
component of the Indian civil service opted
for India. The new army was infected by
a conspiracy hatched between Communists
and hothead officers. The founding father
soon died. His lieutenant was assassinated.
No unifying figure was at hand. The econ-
omy was in a bog. Pakistan's survival
through its initial years seemed Improbable.
scarcely notable even at home. The. most
bedeviling frustration related to a dispute
over a former princely state in the Himalaya.
Under agreed principles for dividing up the
subcontinent, princely states would adhere
to Pakistan or India at their rulers' option-
a provision included at the instance of the
negotiators for Pakistan-to-be, with an eye
to Deccan Hyderabad, with its rich Muslim
Nizam in sway over a mostly Hindu populace.
They expected to finesse the situation in
Kashmir, where for a century a Hindu
dynasty had been misruling a mostly Muslim
populace. These expectations went awry.
The Indians preempted Hyderabad in force.
Kashmir's shaky maharaja, who had prob-
ably nursed futile dreams of autonomy, sum-
moned India's help against armed intru-
sfons from Pakistan and signed an accession
to India, only to be soon displaced for un-
fitness.
Pakistan and India tottered to a mountain
war beyond their means. Then a U.N. com-
mission arranged a cease-fire under contin-
uing international supervision. The out-
come left India's Army holding the bulk of
the contested area, including the coveted
Vale of Kashmir, and Pakistan's forces in the
margins. India, as well as Pakistan, agreed
or at least said it agreed to a plebiscite rath-
er than force as a means for settlement. For
the time being, both states refrained from
annexations within their lines. Perhaps In-
dia's declared intentions were sincere. Per-
haps its design was to delay long enough to
predetermine, if possible, a favorable tally.
In any event, India soon began to renege,
especially after its 1952 elections brought a
nationalist upsurge uncompromisingly
against any concession to religious identities
within India and for annexation in Kash-
mir. Thereafter India shifted ever more un-
equivocally to a thesis holding the status of
Kashmir to be a domestic concern, a set-
tled issue, no business of Pakistan's. Obvi-
ously, Pakistanis felt that they were being
patronized and scorned.
A half dozen years after independence,
Pakistan's need of something to anchor to
outside, of some substitute for the extinct
caliphate, was desperate. It was then, in the
wake of stalemate in Korea, that the United
States began shopping for Asian members for
an alliance hopefully designed to ward off
further attempted Communist conquests in
southeast Asia. Pakistan responded. Its
Foreign Minister tried to get the Manila
Treaty amended to focus it against India.
Secretary of State Dulles said no; the pact
would be confined to anti-Communist pur-
poses. Otherwise, the Senat@ would not con-
cur. Pakistan signed on its a recruit anyway.
Its new ally was a big country and a big
spender. Pakistan would get aid to quicken
its economy and to expand and to update its
armed forces. U.S. military aid would be
subject to provisos requiring the concur-
rence of Washington for its use against for-
eign enemies. The insistent neutrality of
the United States on issues of high moment
to Pakistan might be modified In time and
by persuasion. At least, Pakistan could so
hope. It joined another regional pact, spon-
sored but not adhered to by the United
States, and in 1968 the United States came
through with a ,bilateral agreement specify-
ing concern for Pakistan's security. Paki-
stan's forces made a good showing with the
aid they received. In return, the United
States was using Pakistani locations for its
strategic observations.
Perennially petitioning at the U.N. and
elsewhere Pakistan continued t 11 it
India is a congeries of faiths-Muslim,
Christian, Buddhist, Jainist, Parsi, and Sikh,
as well as Hindu, and the Hindu system itself
is riven into a complex of exclusory castes.
India could not exist as a modern state ex-
cept on a secular basis. India must fight for
its national life against ever-latent disinte-
grative forces. It has small margins. It pro-
fesses to see a mortal risk in making conces-
sions to the idea of a religious basis for al-
legiance. But Pakistan's existence rests on
religious identity, which compels it to up-
hold self-determination for Kashmir. Paki-
stan-to-be was fickle to its own premise in
the 1947 gambit on the right of princes to opt
for their subjects. In any event, a choice
exercised by an unfit, precarious ruler seems
a sorry basis on which to foreclose such an
issue. Each disputant understands fully,
even if it cannot accept, the other side's
position. Further parleying became point-
less long ago.
Short of being forced into submission, it is
hard to see how either could accept terms
acceptable to its adversary. Probably neither
regime could concede and survive. Pakistan
could not possibly back down. It could only
trouble the issue along, growing Increasingly
restive but still unable to break out of a
status quo in which India held the advan-
tages. The possibility of an alternative ap-
proach, In explicit or tacit conjunction with
Red China, was probably long entertained by
the Pakistanis. I so surmised on observing
the lionizing of Chou En-lat in Karachi in
December 1956.
Three years ago India announced with
great flourish a decision to oust the Chinese
from a disputed zone on her borders. The
Chinese responded militarily with shattering
effect on a limited front. Without even
waiting to get terms signed, the United
States began rushing military aid to India.
It made no stipulations about Kashmir. One
can suppose India would not have budged
anyway on Kashmir. Subsequently, a num-
ber of visiting U.S. emissaries made ritual-
istic appeals for the disputants to negotiate
some more. India stuck to its position. So
did Pakistan.
For Pakistan the United States must have
lost all its value as surrogate to the caliphate,
at the moment of beginning military aid to
India. Pakistan responded by doing the
analytically logical thing, warming up to
China. Whatever terms, if any, may have
been agreed between them, Pakistan now has
a partner with whom it is alined respecting
India. Boxed in, India finds it difficult to
marshal forces against Pakistan. My impres-
sion from afar Is that Pakistan's moves in
the initial stages of the renewed war have
reflected comprehensible military purposes,
but that India's have been frantic and feck-
less, as when bombers were sent against East
Pakistan cities, with no probable result ex-
cept solidifying Pakistan's Bengalis behind
a war for which they otherwise might have
scant enthusiasm, or when an ill-prepared
Indian thrust was made toward Lahore.
Pakistan. economically more of a going
concern than formerly, has been doing rela-
tively better than India. It might well make
it, militarily preempting the position in
Kashmir and forcing India's regime beyond
its political resources. The disintegrative
effect on India would delight China. The
effect on U.S. interests would be deleterious.
It would be bad to have it demonstrated that
an Asian country, trammeled while alined
with the United States, can score a large
success after shifting its alinement to China.
o e c rom
External relations gave no comfort. The others, including its big ally, homilies about
anticipated ascendancy among Muslim states negotiation and settlement of its dispute
proved a pipedream. Pakistan seemed out- with India-as if the solution depended on
classed. Besides its numerical advantage, trading parcels of territory, distributing
India had the prestige of an ancient historic waters, and adjusting local anomalies, But
name and ,a world renowned leader, Jawa- Kashmir stood as a classic instance of an
harlal Nehru. Pakistan's name was syn- unnegotiable issue, because it bears on the
thetic and unfamiliar, and its leaders were very raison d'etre of both parties.
IF THERE Is No CEASE-FIRE SOON
(By Stephen Barber)
Neither the Indian nor the Pakistani armed
forces have the capacity to sustain a long
war against the other. Although both have
domestic munitions plants, and India has a
fledgling aircraft industry, and both have
substantial accumulations of American, Brit-
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ish, French, and Russian materiel, a point defeat on Pakistan, one wonders what :heir
must soon be reached where each aide will title to leadership will be,
be forced to husband its resources. Short The longer the war goes on tnd the more
of some master-stroke, and despite the fact the threat gathers momentum of its degen-
that the Indian army comprises 17 divisions erating Into Interreligious knits-play by un-
against Pakistan's eight and that In popu- disciplined fanatics on a wide stale, the more
lation terms the balance is 4t to 1, the reg- dangerous the entire picture becomes.
ular forces are unlikely to achieve more than Anyone who has mixed with educated Pak-
a stand-off. istanla and Indians over the i ge of 40, sol-
But when that happens, If not before, Ir- diers or civilians, notes that t ley rub along
regulars may very well keep up the fight; amicably enough together Jutt so long as
more alarmingly, communal violence Is liable Kashmir is not mentioned. Z hey are prod-
to break out on a 1947 scale, when between ucls of the same school, figuratively and
500.000 to 1 million perished. often literally. The tragedy Is that so Many
Communalism Is the curse of the subcon- of these folk now stand a ver;' good chance
Linent. It is not limited to Hindu-Moslem of being swept aside.
.u>.tagonism. Sikhs In the Indian Punjab, There is going to be a well-n gh irresistible
who were driven out of their ancient settle- tendency in both camps, of coarse, to blame
Britain and America for the entire cidlar[n-
h
e
manta around Lahore in 1947 almost to t
last man, have never got along well with their ity. It may be academically nteresting for
Punjabi Hindu neighbors. This has led to military experts to see whether the V.S.
bloody clashes. Patton is really a better tank than the Brit-
The language Issue In India has led to ish Centurion or the Hawker Hunter more
riots again and again-the most recent being maneuverable than the Lockh red Lightning.
in South India this summer where Madrassis but you can take it for certain that the
objected violently to the imposition of Hindi West will catch It In the netk either way.
in place of English as the nation's official The chorus will be: "You let us down."
language. Attempts by the Americana Congress to
New Delhi has run Into similar troubles In apply pressure by cutting off civilian aid
Assam, and the volatile Bengalis have con- along with military to bott sides, which
stantly been rioting about something- was voted down on Preald ant Johnson's
whether politics, bread, religion, or language. say-so. will certainly be remE mbered as at-
In caste-ridden India, It has been enough to tempted blackmail. Aid to ' 3oth has been
set off bloody uproars for an untouchable to frozen-
draw water from a village well, thus defiling For all these reasons, then. I foresee the
it in the eyes of those higher In the Hindu upshot of this war as being the emergence
scale. of a new India-Pakistan. New leaders will
As if that were not enough, clashes have appear, and unless we are very lucky, care-
regularly taken place between Indians and ful or both, the prospect Is that they will
so-called tribais-primltive bill folk. For be an even more prickly Ioi to deal with.
years the Indian army and air force has tried The odds look to me abo'it even its be-
and failed to subjugate the Wages, who de- tween military dictatorship and a Marxist-
mand independence from Delhi. This has based takeover. The only thing that can
soaked up battalions of troops. stop this, and save the exist ng power elite
India's 50 million Moslems form one-ninth in both countries, is to agree on a cease-fire
of Its population; the Moslem pockets iso- while each enjoys sufficient domestic pres-
lated in a Hindu mass are an easy mark. It tige to hang on. But at tide writing the
is hard to say whether they are more vul- chances of such a recourse to reason and
nerable in the big cities, such as Delhi, Cal- self-Interest do not look good
cutta. and Bombay, where Moslems are apt
to be shopkeepers and artisans and are bet-
ter off than their Hindu neighbors and on
that account alone a target for hatred, or in
isolated village communities.
For 17 years the armed forces on both aides
have been preparing for this war. If It now
ends in a standoff, as I believe It must, what
happens to the reputations of the military?
Could Field Marshal Ayub Shan survive as
President? And,if not, what will follow him?
Obviously for the moment the armed forces
loom large on the New Delhi scene. But
they took a nasty knock in terms of popular
prestige In the Himalayas when they were
put to flight by the Chinese nearly 3 years
ago. If they cannot now Inflict a clinching
THE USES or MILTTA 4Y Ain
[Testimony before the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, Mty 6. 1953)
Senator GioRx. I find It die icult to defend
giving a vast amount of military assistance
to Pakistan and then providing economic
aid to India with which she buys Canberra
bombers. We are paying the bill on both
sides.
Secretary of Defense MCLLROY. This de-
fense, of course, is not against India. This
is allocated to Pakistan for defense against
Russia and China.
Senator Goss. Well, that may be your
purpose, but our official who is there with
the program day to day says that Insofar
as the Pakist r concerned, they want
it ss arr?dlpen t India,
Seer Me or. Well, we don't agree
Se to Qs. But you give it to them,
nevei , and they are the ones who will
LATED AGENCIES APPROPRIA-
TION BILL, 1966
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (HR. 10871) making appro-
priations for foreign assistance and re-
lated agencies for the fiscal year ending
June 30. 1966, and for other purposes.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I yield
myself whatever time may be necessary
to make an opening statement on the
bill.
Mr. President, the foreign aid and re-
lated agencies appropriation bill for fiscal
year 1966, which is now before the Sen-
ate, recommends appropriations of new
obligational authority in the amount of
$3,907,188,000. This amount is $281,735,-
000 under the budget estimates and $94,-
265,000 under the amount allowed by the
House.
In reporting this bill to the Senate,
the committee took Into consideration
the will of the Senate when it acted upon
the authorization bill in the first instance
and approved the sum of $3.243 billion
for title I of that bill, relating to eco-
nomic and military assistance. In com-
parison with the ceiling of $3.243 billion
in the authorization act as it passed the
Senate, the committee total for title I
is $3.193 billion, or $50 million below the
Senate authorization ceiling. This rec-
ommendation of $3,193 million for title
I, "Economic and military assistance," is
$92 million below the House allowance
and $266,470,000 under the amounts re-
quested in the budget.
A summary of the bill, printed on page
2 of the committee report, sets out the
comparisons of the three titles of the bill,
including the budget estimates, the bill
as it passed the House, and the amounts
recommended by the Senate committee.
I ask unanimous consent, Mr. President,
to have this table printed in the RECORD
at this point.
There being no objection, the table was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows :
I Foreign astaistance----------- -- -- ------ - -
II 1 Foreign assistance (other) --_
[it ' Report-import Bank of Washington i lime tat Ions)...
Mr. PASTORE. For "Technical co-
operation and development grants" un-
der title I. the committee has concurred
with the House recommendation of $202,-
355,000, which is $16,645,000 under the
budget request. The funds provided
hereunder will be used principally to hire
experts and technicians to help less-de-
[ncrease i+) or decrease (-).
Itecouuu[?ndrd Senate bill compared with-
by senate
committee
Bill as it passed
House
$3
1113
000, 000 -$266, 470, 000
-$92, 000, 000
,
,
7 14, 188, 000 -15, 265, 000
-2,265,000
I. 100. 172,(100)---- ------------
------------------
:1,'J07, 1IX, 000 -281, 735, 000
Budgets lie omtcs 1111i is it im 'ed
tamendeu) Ilouw?
$3, 459, 47(, (100 $3, :23,5, (53), Off) 1
729, 4.57 , 000 I 718, 463, (100
(1,190, IT., 000) (1. 190, 17-2, ODD)
1, Ifi4, 9Y.,I10(n 4. W1,458, p16
veloped nations help ther iselves in such
fields as education, heallh and sanita-
tion. communications, transportation,
and public adrninistratior.. These funds
also finance ocean freight charges on re-
lief shipments by approved American
nonprofit voluntary agencies.
The appropriation It( m, "American
schools and hospitals abroad," has been
recommended at the budget figure of $7
million, which is the same as the House
allowance. This is a reduction of $9,-
800,000 under the 1965 appropriation, oc-
casioned largely by the completion of fi-
nancing for the new medical center at the
American University at Beirut.
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 September 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
For "International organizations and
programs," an appropriation of $144,-
755,000 is recommended, which is $800,-
000 under the budget estimate. Under
this appropriation, funds are provided to
permit the continued participation of the
United States in the following United
Nations and other international pro-
grams :
U.N. expanded program of
technical assistance and
Special Fund--------------- $65,000,000
U.N. technical and operational
assistance to the Congo___- 5,000,000
U.N. relief and works agency
for Palestine refugees---___ 15, 200, 000
U.N. Children's Fund --------- 12, 000,000
U.N. Food and Agriculture
Organization-world food
program -------------------- 2,000, 000
International Atomic Energy
Agency-operational pro-
gram ----------------------- 1,000,000
Indus Basin Development
Fund______________ ________ 43, 100, 000
International Secretariat for
Volunteer Service---------- 120, 000
World Health Organization,
medical research ----------- 100,000
U.N. peacekeeping: U.N. Emer-
gency Force (Near East) ___ 835, 000
U.N. Training and Research In-
stitute--------------------- 40 0,000
gradually reduced and then eliminated, projects. United States aid to Latin
Good illustrations of countries which America is going to those countries
have moved from one phase to another which are taking the necessary steps to
are Greece and Taiwan. While these effect social, land, and tax reforms, and "
countries depended heavily upon sup- which are employing the necessary self-
porting assistance in the past, they are help measures. While there is much to
no longer recipients of such aid. be done by many of the countries in
For the "Contingency funds"-both Latin America along these lines, testi-
general and southeast Asia-the com- mony presented to the committee indi-
mittee recommends the full budget esti- cated that there is visible evidence of
mate, $50 million in the first instance, progress in most Latin American coun-
and $89 million for southeast Asia. tries which have committed themselves
These funds are necessary for the suc- to the policies, reforms, and improve-
cessful attainment of the total objectives ments developed under the programs of
of the foreign assistance program. They the Alliance for Progress.
are used to meet urgent and unforeseen For "Development loans, worldwide,"
needs, or needs which could not be de- the committee has recommended $593,-
fined with reasonable accuracy at the 225,000, which is $82 million below the
time the budget estimates were presented House allowance and $187,025,000 below
to the Congress. In the pending bill, the the estimates for fiscal year 1966. How-
$89 million for southeast Asia is a case ever, it has been determined from recent
in point. On June 3, in a budget amend- information that $91,292,000 of unobli-
ment, the President requested this sum gated 1965 funds will be carried forward
for mutual defense and development into fiscal 1966, and this, together with
programs in southeast Asia. The full the new funds recommended and $60
amount was authorized by the Congress million to be derived from receipts, re-
in Public Law 89-171, and the committee imbursements, and estimated recoveries
has concurred with the House in allow- will provide a total program availability
ing the full estimate. of $744,517,000.
Contingency funds are used in several _ Under this item in the bill, the House
Total__________________ $144,755,000
Two of these-World Health Organiza,
tion, medical research; and U.N. Train-
ing and Research Institute-are new co-
operative activities designed to promote
the dissemination of information on can-
cer research and to encourage research
in promising areas, in the first instance,
and to provide advanced training for
present members of the U.N. Secretariat,
as well as for citizens of new nations for
service with the U.N. or with their own
national administrations, in the latter
case.
The next item in title I is "Supporting
assistance." For this item, the commit-
tee has recommended an appropriation
of $369,200,000, which is the same as the
House allowance but $80 million under
the budget estimate.
Supporting. assistance is economic aid
which is employed to advance and pro-
tect U.S. national security and foreign
policy objectives by assisting those na-
tions which need help in maintaining
their defensive forces against Commu-
nist expansion and in. preserving their
economic and political stability under
such pressures. The objective of sup-
porting assistance is to move a country
out of this aid category as rapidly as
conditions within the country permit.
Nearly 90 percent of the aid under this
appropriation will b~) concentrated in
four countries: South Vietnam, Laos,
Korea, and Jordan; and about half of
this will go to Vietnam alone.
Over the past decade there have been
three phases through which a number of
countries have moved in recovering from
political and/or military upheavals with
external help. In the first phase, exter-
nal security and "a minimum of internal
law and order are established. In the
second, political and economic institu-
tions are strengthened and the economy
is stabilized. In the third phase, eco-
nomic growth picks up speed, and de-
pendence on extraordinary assistance is
are the cases in which there is an urgent loan funds to implement section 205 of
need to expand assistance to a country, the authorization act. This language
the security of which is threatened by has been deleted by the committee and,
new or intensified Communist attack, in lieu thereof, the committee has pro-
threat, or subversion. Past examples of vided that not to exceed 10 percent of
this type of use 'lave occurred in both the development loan funds may be made
Laos and Thailand. available to the International Develop-
The second type of situation, and for ment Association, the International
which by far the most frequent use of Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-
the contingency fund is made, is to alle- ment, or the international Finance Cor-
viate conditions of suffering wrought by poration for use in accordance with laws
earthquakes, floods, or other disasters. governing U.S. participation in such in-
The third type of situation is in those stitutions. The Agency for International
cases where unexpected economic or Development proposes to use this author-
political crises occur and where prompt ity on a matching basis so that any
economic aid-even though it may not additional funds the United States con-
meet the criteria of development assist- tributes to these institutions would be
ante-must be used to protect both the accompanied by an increase in the funds
short- and long-run U.S. Interests in the contributed by others. This could be a
country aided. Thus, whether it be used useful instrument to persuade other do-
for preventing Communist infiltration, nor countries to increase their levels of
to relieve people afflicted by disaster, or aid.
to protect the U.S. Interests in a particu- For the last two items funded under
lar country, there is no question that a "Economic assistance"-namely, admin-
prompt and flexible U.S. response in istrative expenses for the Agency for In-
meeting a legitimate assistance need has ternational Development and adminis-
been attained through the use of the trative expenses to be reimbursed to the
contingency fund. State Department-$54,240,000 has been
Under the Alliance for Progress, there allowed for the former and $3,100,000
are two separate appropriation items: has been approved for the latter.
First, "Technical cooperation and devel- For "Military assistance," the commit-
opment grants," and second, "Develop- tee recommends the full amount of the
ment loans." For "Technical coopera- budget estimate, $1,170 million which
tion and development grants," the corn- is the same as the House allowance.
mittee has recommended $75 million, the In view of the grave threat of Com-
same as the sum contained in the House munist expansion and of internal sub-
bill. For "Development loans," the sum version by nationalistic or communistic
of $435,125,000 has been approved, which extremists which faces many nations of
is $10 million below the House allowance the world, the committee believes it to
and $60 million under the funds re- be judicious and in the best interests of
quested in the budget. Together with this country and of the free world to
the $29,686,000 in unobligated balances appropriate the full amount requested
and other funds which will be available, for military assistance. In southeast
the committee recommendation of $435,- Asia and the Far East, our military as-
125,000 will provide a program of $477,- sistance program is of special importance
811,000. and urgency, as Senators well know.
The Alliance for Progress record makes Turning to title II of the bill, which
it clear that the performance by the includes funds for the Peace Corps, ad-
United States and Latin America re- ministration of the Ryukyu Islands, var-
quires mutual fulfillment of Alliance ious activities relating to assistance to
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORI) - SENATE September 23, 196
refugees, and financing for the Inter-
American Development Bank and the
International Development Association,
the sum of $714,188,000 is recommended.
Of this amount, $102 million is recom-
mended for the Peace Corps, together
with unobligated balances remaining
available on June 30, 1965, in the amount
of $12,100,000, which will provide a total
of funds available for fiscal year 1966
of $114,100,000. This will allow all but
$900,000 of the $115 million requested
by the Peace Corps. The $900,000 was
eliminated by Congress during the au-
thorization process.
The committee has recommended the
full amount of the budget estimate, $14,-
733,000, for the administration of the
Ryukyu Islands, which is the same as
the House allowance.
For "Assistance to refugees In the
United States," $30 million is recom-
mended. This is $2,265,000 under the
House allowance and the revised budget
estimate. During the hearings, depart-
mental officials advised the committee
that their estimates of need for fiscal
year 1966 had just recently been deter-
mined to be lower than anticipated and
requested the reduction of $2,265,000.
Senators may be interested to know that
the cost of this program have decreased
from a high in fiscal 1963 of $58 million
to $46 million in 1964, $36.6 million in
1965, and an estimated $30 million for
fiscal 1966.
For "Migration and refugee assistance.
Department of State," the committee re-
commends the budget estimate, $7,575.-
000, the same as the House allowance.
This is a $625,000 reduction from last
year's appropriation, and is made pos-
sible, the committee was informed, by
continuing progress in the solution of
refugee problems and greater contribu-
tions by other governments toward re-
fugee and migration costs.
For the "Investment in the Inter-
American Development Bank and the
subscription to the International Devel-
opment Association," the committee has
recommended the full budget estimate,
$455,880,000 and $104 million, respec-
tively. The committee report, which is
before the Senate. explains the purposes
for which these funds were appropriated.
Under title III of the bill, the Export-
Import Bank of Washington, the com-
mittee has allowed the full budget esti-
mates for the limitation on operating
expenses and the limitation on admin-
istrative expenses.
There is one language amendment in
the bill which might best be brought to
the attention of the Senate at this point.
Section 116, on page 12 of the bill, was
inserted by the Senate committee and
relates to the transportation of strategic
items and other materials to North Viet-
nam. The House in its version of the
bill had amended section 107, prohibiting
assistance to any country which sells,
furnishes, or permits any ships under its
registry to carry items to Castro's Cuba.
by adding the words "or to North Viet-
nam." The committee has prepared an
entirely new general provision relating
to North Vietnam rather than to attempt
to legislate on North Vietnam in the
language relating to Cuba, xhich has Mr. ELLENDER. The Senator is cor-
been in the law for many yes rs. rect.
Under this provision, the intent of Mr. President, I should like to pro-
Congress is clear that aid should be pound a unanimous-consent request. I
denied to any country which f ails to take have sent three amendments to the desk.
appropriate steps to preven ; its ships I understand that under the present
from transporting strategic items, items agreement I am entitled to 30 minutes
of economic assistance, or of her equip- on each amendment.
ment, materials, or commodities to North Mr. PASTORE. That is correct.
Vietnam. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
That concludes my presen ration, Mr. Pore. The Senator is correct.
President, and I now ask unanimous con- Mr. ELLENDER. I ask unanimous
sent that the committee amendments be consent that the time allotted to me on
agreed to en bloc and that the bill as thus the three amendments be consolidated,
amended be regarded as origilal text for so that I may make a general statement
the purpose of amendment; provided on the amendments, the time to be
that no point of order shall be considered charged equally to each amendment.
to have been waived by reas )n thereof. Mr. PASTORE. In other words, the
The ACTING PRESIDEN" pro tem- Senator is asking that the hour and a
pore. Is there objection? The Chair half allotted to him to be charged gen-
hears none, and it is so ordered 1. erally to the three amendments.
The amendments agreed to en bloc are Mr. ELLENDER. That is correct.
as follows: Mr. PASTORE. I have no objection.
On page 2, line 25, after "see' Lon 252", to Mr. ELLENDER. I may not use all
strike out "$445,125,000" and insert "$4.35,- of that time.
125,000". The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
On page 3, line S. after "sect ton 202(a)". pore. The three amendments will be
to strike out "$875,225.000" and Insert "$503,- considered together.
225.000"; and, in line 8, after tl.e word "ex-
pended". to strike out "Provided. That no as I Mr. may consume in making my general
part of this appropriation be used the statement will be charged to all three
carry out the provisions of ! sectii may rn 205 of the
ns
Foreign Assistance Act of 1981. is amended" amendments.
and insert "Provided, That not to exceed 10 The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
per centunl of this appropriation shall be pore. Is there objection?
available to carry out the provisions of sec- Mr. PASTORE. I have no objection.
tion 205 of the Foreign Assistance Act of Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, reserv-
1961. as amended". ing the right to object, if the three
On page u, line 12, after the "regime", amendments are to be considered to-
On strike out "or co North Vietnam." .
On page 8, line 1, after the wd.rd "regime", gether, does that mean that the Senate
to strike out "or to North Vietnam,". will vote on them together?
On page 12. after line 7, to nsert: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
"Szc. 116. In determining whether the pore. No; they will be discussed at the
funds appropriated or made a 'allable pur- same time.
suant to this Act for assistand e under the Mr. ELLENDER. They will be dis-
Foreign Assistance Act of e9t1, amended, cussed at the same time, but acted on
may p be be used for a assistance to in y country, y
for
the President shall take into i ccount such separately.
steps as that country has taken to prevent The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
ships under its registry from transporting pore. Without objection, the request of
strategic Items. Items of econon Ic assistance, the Senator from Louisiana is agreed to.
or other equipment. materials )r commodi- Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
ties to North Vietnam. If an3 country re- has the Senator from Rhode Island
calving assistance fails to takd appropriate yielded the floor?
steps to prevent Its ships from transporting
such Items, it is the sense of the congress Mr. PASTORE. I yield the floor.
that assistance should be de:tled to that AMENDMENTS NO. 449
country." Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
On page 15, line 8. alter "(5 U.S.C. 55a)" I call up my amendments No. 449'and ask
to strike out "$32,285,000" and insert "$30.
000,000?. that they be stated.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
Mr. PASTORE_ Mr. President. even pore. The clerk will read the amend-
though I have read the statement hur- ments.
riedly, I stand ready to answer any The LEGISLATVE CLERK. On page 2, line
question on the bill. 10, delete "$202,355,000" and Insert
Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will "$182,355,000".
the Senator yield? On page 2, line 14, delete "$144,755,000"
Mr. PASTORE. I yield. and insert "$134,755,000".
Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. .'resident, I On page 2, line 16, delete "$369,200,-
send to the desk three amenc ments. The 000" and insert "$349,200,000".
first reduces the amount for the military Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
assistance program by $100 million; the I ask unanimous consent that the
second reduces the amount of the con- amendments be considered en bloc.
tingency funds by $30 milli( ii; the third The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
amendment reduces the amount for the pore. Without objection, it is s
general development loan fund from ordered.
$593 million-plus to $543 ml lion-plus, or
a total of $50 million. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. Pri sident, do I I suggest the absence of a quorum, the
correctly understand that the amend- time to be equally divided between both
meats of the Senator from Louisiana are sides.
to lie at the desk until they are called The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
up by him? pore. The clerk will call the roll.
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September 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 23929
The legislative clerk proceeded to call to support our own forces in Vietnam million less than it is for the fiscal year
the roll. and to increase the amounts of procure- 1966, this is the smallest amount ever
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, I ment for our forces around the world in requested by any administration in the
ask unanimous consent that the order order to take care of procurement of entire life of the foreign aid program.
for the quorum call be rescinded, materiel that must be sent to Vietnam That means what, Mr. President? it
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- for our troops. means that the Senate committee which
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. President, I proposed this addi- is held responsible for scrutinizing and
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, I tional small cut in the committee. Be- exhaustively investigating every request
ask for the yeas and nays on my amend- cause I sincerely believe that we shall made has cut the bill down to the mar-
ments, have tremendous additional military ex- row of the bone. What we do not want
The yeas and nays were ordered. penses and responsibilities around the to do today is to get into the marrow,
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, world on an increasing rather than on a and destroy the program.
my amendments are very simple. This decreasing scale, I believe that we should Every single item that was presented to
concerns a subject which all Senators cut a little more from supporting assist- our committee was scrutinized and gone
have discussed for years and know about. - ance, which is where the cut would pri- over with a fine-tooth comb, and, as a
Primarily the committee, on the rec- marily be, and from the development result, we have cut the House bill by $92
ommendation of the chairman of the grants. million. That is quite a feat for the Sen-
committee, discussed informally, but did These are small additional cuts, ate, because the process has usually been
not agree upon, a cut of $42 million, amounting in all to $50 million, or ap- the other way. The Senate has always
Ten million dollars of this cut was to be proximately 1.5 percent of the total granted reclamas; we have always
from the Alliance for Progress develop- economic aid bill in supporting assist- granted new requests to increase
ment loan funds and $32 million from the ance, technical cooperation, and inter- amounts over the amount allowed by the
development loans. This would restore national programs. House.
the amount to that provided for in the I believe that the funds that we would Mr. CARLSON. Will the Senator
Senate authorization bill. appropriate, if these amendments were yield?
Several Senators, including myself, agreed to, would be sufficient to carry Mr. PASTORE. I am happy to yield
proposed to eliminate $100 milion from out our responsibilities under those three to the Senator from Kansas.
the bill. This would make a total cut programs of our foreign aid in the next Mr. CARLSON. I believe the Senator
of $142 million, which would be a com- fiscal year. from Rhode Island made the statement
paratively small percentage. Mr. President, this bill is now $50 that this is the lowest request ever made
The committee, by a very close vote, million below the Senate authorization for this particular program. I happen
sustained a further cut of $50 million, and, if my amendments are agreed to, to be a member of the Senate Foreign
making a total of $92 million. That is it will be $100 million below the Senate Relations Committee and somewhat fa-
the form in which the bill has just been authorization. I believe that sufficient miliar with our foreign operations.
discussed by the acting chairman of the funds will be provided to carry out our Would not the Senator agree that the
committee, the distinguished Senator responsibilities. reason for the reduction is not neces-
from Rhode Island. I feel confident that our military as- sarily the way we have closely scrutinized
My amendments relate to further cuts. sistance to Vietnam will be greatly in- the program, but may very well be be-
One proposed reduction is a $20 million creased in addition to the amount pro- cause at one time, over 100 nations were
cut from technical cooperation, or ap- vided in the bill. The increase will be receiving our aid, but the number has
proximately an 8.5-percent cut. There is taken care of by means of supplemental now decreased to about 76? That should
a proposed reduction of $20 million from appropriations for the support of our have some effect.
supporting assistance, approximately a own troops and operations, maintenance Mr. PASTORE. It will have some ef-
5-percent cut. There is also a proposed accounts, procurement accounts for ma- feet. But the Senator must realize that
reduction of $10 million from the inter- - teriel, and all accounts that are neces- when we had some 100 nations, we did
national programs, or approximately a sary to support our forces in Vietnam. not have a situation such as we have
7-percent cut. There will be substantial increases in experienced within recent weeks between
MY amendment would not in any way the supplemental budget that will be Pakistan and India. We did not have
affect the Alliance for Progress funds, submitted to us in January. the situation in the Dominican Republic.
in which so many of us are interested. We have already increased our ex- We did not have the situation in Viet-
I call attention to the fact that, from penses over there, first by $700 million nam. These things, of course, also have
the information which we have re- and then by an additional $1.7 billion, an effect.
ceived-and I believe that it is accurate- so we know that to that extent our orig- The argument that is being made here
this bill is overfunded by approximately inal budget figure has been increased; is that we have a tremendous responsi-
$6,800,000 in the economic sections. and we know there are going to be fur- bility in Vietnam. No one challenges
When we consider this amount, my ad- ther expenditures to carry out our obli- that statement. We must do everything
ditional cut would be approximately $43 gations in Vietnam. we possibly can to stop the encroachment
million, rather than $50 million. Therefore, Mr. President, I ask that of communism anywhere in the world,
I have always supported and been on my amendments cutting $50 million because we realize that if we do not do it
the generous side concerning foreign aid. more from the figure in the committee 3'000 or 7,000 miles away from our own
I believe that we must cooperate with report be agreed to. shores, the possibility is that we might
other countries. In the pending legisla- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- have to do it on our own threshold. We
tion, there was no cut, by either the pore. Who yields time? wish to avert that if we possibly can.
House or Senate committee, in the Mr. PASTORE. I yield myself 5 min- The Senator's proposed cut comes at a
amount of funds recommended by the utes, Mr. President. dangerous time. Let us remember that
administration with relation to military The ACTING PRESIDENT pro teen- within 1 day there has been a cease-fire
aid. pore. The Senator from Rhode Island in India and Pakistan. Much credit for
One billion, one hundred and seventy is recognized, that must go to the international world
million dollars is provided in the bill for Mr. PASTORE. I wish to say at the forum, the United Nations.
military assistance. While the figures outset that no Senator has been more What has the Senator from Massachu-
are classified, I can assure the Senate loyal to this program than my distin- setts in mind? As I understand, he pro-
that a substantial additional amount of guished colleague the senior Senator from poses to take $20 million out of -techni-
military assistance must be provided if Massachusetts. No Senator has higher cal assistance; he proposes taking $10
we are to support our services and assist respect and admiration than have I for million out of the agencies in the United
the Vietnamese people in South Viet- his judicious treatment of the matter, es- Nations. There we are, taking it out of
nam. pecially before the subcommittee, but the United Nations. He also proposes
In addition-and again the figures are also before the full committee. a cut of $20 million or more out of sup-
classified-I assure the Senate that However, the Senator should under- porting assistance.
we shall have to appropriate a substan- stand today that, with the exception of I say to the Senator from Massachu-
tial sum, hundreds of millions of dollars, the year 1955, when the request was $11 setts that if that is what he is proposing,
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 23930
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it should not be done. This is not the
time for it. At this time we should
be giving to the United Nations and its
agencies the morale, the assistance, and
the support that is necessary.
I heard only today on television, on the
Today program, that because of the
splendid achievement in bringing about a
cease fire under the auspices of the Unit-
ed Nations, there is a good possibility
that some kind of negotiated agreement
might be achieved in Vietnam.
We are going to try. Is it not much
better to spend a few dollars to stabilize
the economies of underprivileged na-
tions, to avert these situations that com-
pel us to spend money by the millions
when we begin to send our boys to
troubled areas?
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Will the Sena-
tor permit a brief observation, or would
he prefer not to be interrupted?
Mr. PASTORE. I am always happy to
yield to my gracious colleague from
Massachusetts.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the
distinguished Senator from Rhode Is-
land.
I point out that In the United Na-
tions, which the Senator was discuss-
ing-that is my reason for interrupting
him-the Indus Basin Development
Fund has $43 million, and the United
Nations Special Assistance and Techni-
cal Fund $65 million, out of the total
contribution of $144 million. My cut,
of course, is only $10 million, which could
very well, under present circumstances,
come out of the Indus Basin Develop-
ment Fund.
Mr. PASTORE. I realize that. But
all of that was taken Into account by the
House, by our committee, and by the
administration.
I say it is dangerous to do it now.
We are being pennywise and pound-
foolish. I admit that there are situ-
ations throughout the world which are
regrettable, which are deeply disappoint-
ing. But let us not get into a position
where we begin to lament the fact that
we bought fire insurance on our house,
and feel that we had to pay the pre-
miums and therefore made a bad invest-
ment. We are sorry, it would seem, only
because the house did not burn down.
That is the philosophy we are adopting
here.
The money we have spent has repre-
sented protection. Not only does it help
other nations; it secures America. Yes.
there is benevolence In the program.
There should be, because America has
always had a compassionate heart. But
there is the interest of America as well
in this program.
Today we are the most affluent society
In the world. We have 6 percent of the
population. We occupy 7 percent of the
land mass of the world. But we have
40 percent of the wealth of the world.
If this world falls apart, who has the
most to lose? The United States of
America. That is the reason why we
have this program. It is out insurance.
Of course, it does not work out per-
fectly. It cannot be humanly perfect.
But I am sure my fellow Senators will
admit that administratively speaking, it
Is on a sound basis, the soundest basis
Because I do not wish my position to
be misunderstood I will say that I agree
with the distinguished chairman of the
subcommittee-and I am sure the rank-
ing senior member of the Republicans
would also say it is true-that Mr. Bell
Is an efficient and a good administrator.
What I shall have to say will in no sense
be a reflection upon him personally, or
upon his administration of foreign aid
funds, because I believe that he has
done a fine job, and I would be remiss
in my duty if I did not state that fact.
talked to by almost every high official, I ask unanimous consent to have in-
Including the President o: the United eluded at the conclusion of my remarks
States himself. several tables to which I shall refer as
The President made It abundantly I speak.
clear that so far as he is cor corned, when The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
it comes to spending foreign aid money, out objection, It is so ordered.
he is going to be a hard-n )sed negotia- (See exhibit 1.)
tor. Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, the first
I have no fear. I saw I yndon John- one I wish to have included is U.S. con-
son operate when he was chairman of tributions to the united Nations special
subcommittees on the Appropriations programs, shown on page 56 of the hear-
Committee. I followed hin directly on ings.
that committee. I know how careful he There is no question that we are spend-
has been to make sure that we do not ing approximately $7.5 billion a year for
spend any more than v; e necessarily foreign aid. This takes in a great num-
must. He wants the taxpa;fers to get 100 ber of programs, as shown in the hear-
pennies' worth for every tat dollar spent. ings. That is what we wish to avoid.
I have great confidence Ii. that man. On page 65 of the hearings, when I
Mr. President, the bill has been cut asked Mr. Bell about the $7.5 billion, he
^ ?6"'" ?- ?__._ __
not that we have added -nythin?:, and
in my opinion a misleading figure.
now the senator from Massachusetts
rMr. SALTONSTALLI wisher a cut We The only difference between the $7.5
have already cut it by $92 million, which billion figure and his figure is the non-
Is $50 million less than tie Senate au- inclusion of certain items, such as Ex-
thorized only a few weeks s go. port-Import rt Bank loans and Public Law
I believe that we have i:one the limit. unds.
Please do not throw out the baby with included Thsecond the end I of my should r ike to is the
the bath water.
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it has ever been in the hist )ry of the Mr. ALLO'I'T. Mr. President, will the
program. Senator from Massachusetts yield?
President
Mr
LTONSTALL
,
.
.
We have as administrator a man by Mr. SA
the name of David Bell. H4 is one of I yield 8 minutes to the distinguished
the finest administrators in :-11 our ex- Senator from Colorado.
perlence. When he comes before the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MoN-
committee, he has already been cau- Tovd in the chair). The Senator from
tioned to be careful not to esk for one Colorado is recognized for 8 minutes.
penny more than he can use Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, I sup-
To be more specific, what i xe the tut- port the amendments now pending be-
obligated funds? I understand that the fore the Senate, despite the eloquence of
unobligated funds with refermce to the our distinguished chairman, to whom we
technical assistance program are about all listened on at least two occasions in
$10 million, which is a very small sum committee on this question.
when one realizes that after all, it must We must consider other factors at
be committed Judiciously. T acre are no this time which, in my opinion, are go-
unobligated funds with reference to the ing to be of overwhelming importance.
international agencies, If we consider First, let me state that as everyone
them all together. There is.- slight un- knows, I have always supported a for-
obligated amount, I think at out $3 mil- eign assistance program. To me, it is
lion-$3,812,000-under the supporting the height of stupidity to say that the
assistance programs. President do the Job he is supposed to
Mr. President, what I ari saying is do if he does not have any kind of for-
this: I have been selected by the Appro- eign economic assistance program.
priations Committee to asst me the re- However, I have been concerned for
sponsibility of chairing these hearings a long time about the size of the pro-
and managing the bill on the floor. In gram. I have been concerned about fall-
doing so, whether I am a great success ing into the trap of looking for places to
or a failure, I bring no bouquets or brick- spend money.
bats back to Rhode Island. This is the It is significant that this year we fin-
highest program- ally dropped an item from the budget
Mr. SALTONSTALL. W:11 the Sen- called "Surveys of Investment Oppor-
ator yield? tunity." We even had our own people
Mr. PASTORE. If I may ;omplete my out looking for places to spend money,
eloquence. I am at a moment of drama until this year. Fortunately, that has
now. Spare me that-
There will be no flags fiowi, for PASTORE
because I saved the bill. I t Is the one
job in the Senate that everyone runs
away from, but it Is the Jo') that needs
to be done.
Not long ago there was i. meeting at
the White House which was attended by
Republican and Democratic Senators.
We were addressed by the Secretary of
State, the Secretary of Defr:nse, and the
Representative of the President at the
United Nations. We were talked to by
the head of the World Bark. We were
 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000600130008-4
September 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
table shown on page 67 referring to In-
ternational Affairs and Finance.
The table on page 63 shows the new
foreign aid funds requested in 1965, and
it is one that I wish to have included in
the RECORD at the conclusion of my re-
marks, together with subsequent tables.
What will be available this year in
funds carried over? Mr. Bell, on page
69 of the hearings, stated that On June
30, 1965, there was $6.321 billion unex-
pended, which will ? be available this
year. The table on page 69 shows $10.6
billion unexpended, and I would like that
table also to appear at the conclusion of
my remarks. Again, the difference be-
tween the figures is the noninclusion of
such items as Export-Import Bank loans
and Public Law 480 funds.
Even using the lower figures which
Mr. Bell used, we have $9.7 billion avail-
able for expenditure this year. It will
be at least that much, including the
carryover from last year.
As . the distinguished Senator from
Massachusetts has pointed out, the cuts
he has proposed amount to less than
11/2 percent. Can any Senator seriously
contend that a cut of 11/z percent in for-
eign aid funds cannot be imposed with-
out crippling the expenditures of those
funds and without tying the hands of the
President?
I do not believe that such a contention
can be successfully made. This is a
large amount. It is a large fund. To
cut it in these respects, certainly is
reasonable.
Where, are the proposed cuts?
Twenty million dollars in technical
cooperation and development grants.
Ten million dollars in international
organizations and programs.
Mr. President, I believe that the pro-
posed cut of $10 million in international
organizations and programs might well
be larger than that. This is a wholly
reasonable cut.
The proposed cut of $20 million in
supporting assistance makes a total of
$50 million.. We have left the Alliance
for Progress funds and our Latin Ameri-
can friends in good shape in the bill.
I cannot repeat the figures which were
given to us, but we are going to spend
a great deal of money over there next
year.
When the Congress comes . back in
January, the first thing we are going to
be faced with will be a supplemental ap-
propriation bill to finance the war. The
figures will astound most people in the _
United States. Knowing this is coming,
it behooves the Senate of the United
States to act with every precaution, to act
as a reasonable man would and to cut
this amount, and thus insure that the
program carried on under AID will be a
hard program, with no softness in it, and
no feathers in it.
I cannot believe-and I am sure no one
The cut which was made in committee , else will believe-that cutting the
for the Alliance for Progress funds was/ amount in this area by a mere 11/2 per-
only $10 million, and that was left in
good shape.
By Mr. Bell's own statement, he said
that he would prefer that cuts be as-
sessed to the development loans gen-
erally; not to the Alliance for Progress
loans but, rather, to technical assistance.
Mr. President, there comes a time
when we have to look hard at these
programs.
The Senator from Massachusetts
spoke of problems that we shall have to
face to finance the war in Vietnam dur-
ing the coming year.
cent is going to hinder the President or
tie his hands or keep us from doing a
meaningful job in support of our military
forces that are now in Vietnam. For
those reasons, and for the additional rea-
son that I do not think it can be con-
tended that this cut is sufficient to cripple
anyone in the program, and that there is
money there sufficient to do the job in
support of our purposes and in support of
our foreign policy, I hope my colleagues
in the Senate will agree to the amend-
ments offered by the Senator from Mas-
sachusetts.
Peacekeeping (assessed and voluntary):
United Nations Emergency Force:
Assessed --------------------------------
Voluntary -----------------------------
-
Subtotal, UNEF------------------ _
_
United Nations operation in the Congo:
Assessed--------------------------------
_
Voluntary ----------------------------
Subtotal, UNOC---- _------ _________
United Nations Force in Cyprus I (volun-
tary)--------------------??------------
-
Peacekeeping----------------------------
Special programs (voluntary):
United Nations Children's Fund___________
U. N. economic assistance to the Congo____
U.N. expanded program of technical assist-
ance------------------------- U.N. Special Fund_________________________
U.N./FAO world food program_____________
U.N. High Commissioner for refugees pro-
gram-------------------------------------
U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
refugees in the Near East______________ _
WHO-Community water development
program---------------------------
WH O-Malari -a eradication program.-_-__--__--
_
WHO-Medical research program__________
Special programs_________________________
1961
1962
1963
1964 estimate
1965 estimate
Contri-
Percent
Contri-
Percent
Contri-
Percent
Contri-
Percent
Contri-
Percent
bution
bution
button
bution
bution
6,116
-----------
3,122
------------
3,037
------------
5,665
-
_-------~----
1,800
------------
1,322
------------
372
------------
872
-
------------
7, 916
41. 66
4,444
46.58
3,409
35.88
6,537
36.82
6,335
36.82
32, 204
------------
25, 616
------------
1
-
------------
------------
------------
16,305
11,401
1,768
____________
704
47, 609
47. 61
37, 017
46.27
12, 318
37.33
5, 491
30.17
____________
____________
7, 590
46.06
4,000
34.40
55,426
____________
41,461
____________
15,727
____________
9,624
____________
10,335
_
12,000
46.00
12,000
44.00
12000
,
42.00
1, 809
40.00
12, 000
40.00
17, 950
(r)
63, 000
(1)
29
400
(1)
5, 000
(1)
5,000
(1)
17, 627
40.00
10, 642
40.00
21 620
,
40.00
2 609
,
40.00
22, 500
40.00
19, 525
40.00
26,111
40.00
30
799
40.00
492
6
40.00
37, 500
40.00
1,200
40.00
2,438
40.00
1,362
40.00
1, 300
33.33
1, 200
33.33
700
24.30
600
33.33
600
33.33
23, 500
68.49
24, 700
70.00
24,700
70.00
4, 700
70.00
24,700
70.00
176
100.00
400
100.00
---
_
------------
_
-'----------
__
------------
-----------
4,000
89.60
2, 500
80.89
---
?---
_
500
100.00
500
100.00
_
_
00
____________
_______
100
20.00
97,577
______-__.__
141,603
__-_--------
_
------------
_
_
------------
103,762
_
183,014
____________
136,646
------------
136.172
114,097
____________
I The amount shown for 1964 covers the initial 9-month period only. The amount s Since Yul 1960 the United States has providedabout 66 percent of the total economic
shown for 1065 covers 6 months only, and includes airlift services amounting to $996,460. assistance which has been made available to the Congo from both multilateral and bi-
lateral sources.
No. 176-3
[In thousands of dollarsl
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 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000600130008-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 23, 1965
Payments to the public Iteemo-
----- mended new
obligations
1964 196?u ( 1966 . authority
actual estimate eallmat . for 1906
Administrative budget hinds:
Conduct of foreign affairs:
I)epartmentofState ----- _----_-------- -_?19 - $398 03[6 $3ts
C.B. Arms Control and l.risarn)ament Agency 6 10 19 G
TarifCommisslon -------------------------- 3 3 3 4
Foreign Claims Settlement ('ommisslon.. -- -- -- 9 37
Economic and financial programs:
Agency for International Development:
Development loans__-_________--__
Technical cooperation.
Alliance for Progress. _-_-...--
Supporting assistance _-_-____---_____----- ____I
Contingencies and other ----- ___ __--_-_.__ __ I
768 862 tr,0 7i4)
hi 190 a 5 210
3) at 6 5*)
371 370: 310 , 345)
360 3113 a7 1
Subtotal Agency for lntnrns:ional l)evr-lopmeot] 1.997 '2, 050 '2.1(0 1.310
International tnanclal institutions: I
I'resentprograms_---.--------- ------------- 1 112 02 10 310
Proposed legislation --------. -- ----- -- ---- ---.._.._.--- 256 :6 331)
Peace Corps ------------------- .. ------- ..- --... i 60 so i III i 13.')
Export-Import Hank-- -._._ ---------- -- ---- - -703 -645 -410
Other ------------------ .-___.__.. ]6 :1: 11
Food for peace I------ -------------- --_------ ---- 1,704 ; 1,661 , ],0A1 1,658
C.S. Information Agency__----.---_.. 101 164 141 - 173
Department of State . 46 621 i9 i 63
Subtotal, administrative budget.-- 3.007 4.043 3,1114 5,131',
Trust funds------------------------------------ -- ne02 -100 2(I) Intragovernmental transactions and adjustments for net cash
Issuances or withdrawals by International financial lnsltu-
tions (deduct) --------------------------------------------- 156 301. 19 ,..
Total ----------- --_..----- -- - ---- -------_-1 3,.492. 3.636 4,1:3
1. The estimates In the budget cover requlromcnti under existing legislation and under in klatlon witch Is
proposed for enactment by the Congress.
2. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years In this volume are to fiscal yearn endinl June 30.
3. Details in the tables and charts may not add to the totals because of rounding.
4. Pursuant to Public Law 85-638, approved Oct. 8, 1964, the food-Fx-peace program autt 3rlrcd by Public
Law 83-480 Is treated in this budget as part of the "Internattonal affairs and Ilnance" function, In prior budgets,
sales of agricultural commodities under titles I and IV of Public Law 83-480 were included In n a function "Agri-
culture and agricultural resources."
Compares with new obligational authority for 19t4 and 1966, as follows:
Administrative budget funds: 1964, $4,457,000,000; 1965, $,750,000,00).
Trust funds: 1964, 557,000,1100; 1985 $32,000,000.
New foreign aid funds requested in 1965
Foreign assistance requests,
as amended (mutual se-
curity) ------------------- $3,459,470,000
Receipts and recoveries from
previous credits ----------- 209, 770, 000
Military Assistance Advisory
Group-------------------
Export-Import Bank (long-
International rkiffairs and finance
[Fiscal years. In millions]
term credits) ------------- 900,000,000
Public Law 480 (agricul-
tural commodities) ------- 1. 658. 000, 000
Inter-American Development
Bank (Latin America) _ - _ _ 705,880, 000
International Development
Association (IDA) -------- 104, 000,000
Peace Corps---------------- 115,000,000
Contributions to interna-
tional organizations-___-_
Permanent construction
overseas (military)-_-_-__ 85, 988, 000
Education (foreign and other
students) ---------------- 69,200,000
Ryukyu Islands------------- 14, 733.000
Migrants and refugees----_- 7, 575. 000
Atomic Energy Commission
(overseas)--_ ---------------- 5,900,000
Inter-American Highway
(Latin America) ----------- 4.000,000
rotal new foreign aid
requests, first 6
months of 1965 ----- 7. 512,467. 000
Estimated unexpended balances July 30,
1965
[In thousands]
F4,reign aid programs:
Economic assisatance (AID) :
Budgeted programs -------- $3, 950. 603
Social Progress Trust Fund'- 321, 000
Special revolving funds:
Advance acquisition of
property---------------
P.449
Investment guarantee pr 3-
gram ------------------
287,263
Military assistance prograr 1:
Appropriated funds ---------
1,922.909
Total--------------------
6.484,424
Pay and allowances for U.S. ml i-
tary personnel abroad (mllita ry
assistance advisory group) _ _ _ _
2,000
Export-Import Bank (long-term
loans)-----------------------
1,415,000
Public Law 480 (agrictll-
toral commodities--unahipptd
amounts against titles I. II,
and IV of the agreements) __ _-
1,107,500
Inter-American Developme of
Bank-----------------------
'905. 057
International Development Ass o-
elation (IDA) ----------------
' 495, 664
Peace Corps--------------------
71,836
Contributions to International
Agencies (state) ------------
1,382
Estimated unexpended balances July 30,
1985--Continued
[In thousands I
Permanent construction overseas
(military) --------------------
$29,500
Education exchange activities
(state) ----------------------
47,676
Ryukyu Islands (Army-civil) _-
4,385
Migration and refugee assistance-
4,527
Atomic Energy Commission
("Euratom") -----------------
8,037
Inter-American Highway (Com-
merce) ----------------------
22,800
Total____________________
10,605,738
Program administered by
the Inter-
American Development Bank (IDS).
'Includes $405,880,000 for callable capital
stock.
As of June 30, 1985, the unexpected bal-
ance for the U.S. Treasury accounts will be
zero since the last Installment of the initial
subscription to the Association was paid In
November 1964. U.S. subscriptions become
merged with resources provided to the As-
sociation and disbursements cannot be
identified as to source of funds. This
amount represents 41.6 percent of the total
unexpended balance of the IDA.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
does the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr.
PASTORE] wish to speak?
Mr. PASTORE. I thought the Senator
from South Dakota [Mr. MuNDTI was to
speak.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I know the Sen-
ator from South Dakota wishes to speak,
but I thought the Senator from Rhode
Island might wish to make a few remarks
now.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I will
not take much time. Many Members of
the Senate are at the White House to
say farewell to the Postmaster General,
Mr. Gronousky. If the Senator from
South Dakota [Mr. MUNDT] wishes to
speak, I shall be glad to hear what he
says.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
how much time have I on my side?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Massachusetts has 10 min-
utes remaining.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, how
much time have I remaining on my side?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Sixteen
minutes.
Mr. PASTORE. I will give the Sen-
ator from South Dakota 6 minutes from
the time on my side.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, I
yield 8 minutes to the Senator from South
Dakota. I understand the Senator from
Rhode Island has yielded 6 minutes to
him.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from South Dakota is recognized
for 14 minutes,
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, it seems
to me that the only thing wrong with
these amendments, if there is anything
wrong with them, is that they represent
too modest a reduction in this year's
appropriation bill for AID. I honestly
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 September 23, 1965 ed For CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 67 SENATE 00600130008-4
believe that, instead of asking for a $50
million reduction it should have been
larger. Considering the $42 million cut
suggested and accepted by the chairman
of the committee, the additional $50
million cut agreed to by the committee
of the $100 million which the Senator
from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALLI
and three or four of the rest of us rec-
ommended at that time, and the addi-
tional $50 million cut now sponsored on
the Senate floor by the same group;
namely, Senators SALTONSTALL, YOUNG
of North Dakota, MUNDT, HRUSKA, AL-
LOTT, and COTTON as an additional re-
duction at this time, it will amount to
a total saving of $142 million out of a
multibillion dollar appropriation for
AID.
I happen to be one of those who have
been struggling with the foreign aid eco-
nomic assistance program from its in-
ception. The first really exciting con-
gressional hearing in which I partici-
pated, was held on H.R. 1776, when I
was a Member of the House and a mem-
ber of the Foreign Affairs Committee of
that body, headed at that time by Sol
Bloom of New York.
At that time we started down the road
which has taken us well over $100 bil-
lion, which has provided economic aid
or assistance of some kind or other to
well over 100 countries of the world.
We apparently continue to act as
though the U.S. Congress and the
administration had lost all of their
genius for new ideas, with very much
the same kind of formula of operations
with which we started with H.R. 1776,
and the Marshall plan, and the succes-
sor programs.
I have joined in the amendment to
reduce the bill by another $50 million to
bring a total reduction of $142 million
because it appears that that might be
the best we would be able to work out in
this body with a single successful
amendment.
We may of course have an oppor-
tunity to work on other cuts later. I see
on the floor the Senator from Louisiana
[Mr. ELLENDERI, who in years before led
very informative and determined battles
to reduce the bill further. I see no other
amendments at the desk. I do not know
whether the Senator is going to offer
similar amendments. So we must
wrestle with the problem in the dimen-
sions in which we find it now.
Normally, in years past, a pretty good
screening job on these appropriations
was done in the House of Representatives
Appropriation Subcommittee under Rep-
resentative OTTO PASSMAN. In years past
the House of Itepresnetatives has been
successful in paring the legislation and
reducing the amount. But something
appears to have happened in the House
subcommittee. Either there has been
a change of faces or philosophy. Rep-
resentative PASSMAN has tried with his
customary vigor, but the results on the
House side have been disappointing. So
our full committee on this side of the
Capitol has a new responsibility in this
field. We can no longer depend on the
House to reduce these amounts. They
will be reduced here or nowhere, because
what used to be a good screening process
in the House has now become primarily
a funnel for transmitting to the Senate
almost the full administration request.
I hope Senators will therefore measure
up to their responsibilities when they
consider this annual appropriation,
which apparently has not been as care-
fully scrutinized and as judiciously re-
duced by the House as was 'the case in
the past, and that we can bring about at
least a total reduction of $142 million.
If we do so, we shall be serving America
well.
In the first place, this program of re-
duction is important from the standpoint
of selectivity. We tried hard in the For-
eign Relations Committee, the legislative
committee which brings the foreign aid
authorization bill to the floor, and upon
whch the Appropriations Committee has
to work, to provide some selectivity in
administering these funds. In the orig-
inal bill as it passed the Senate there was
a terminal date 2 years in advance. We
had provided a recommendation that
when a new program was proposed it
could not include more than 70 coun-
tries, instead of nearly 100.
Our recommendation Included the ap-
pointment of a high-level commission to
take a new look at America's responsi-
bility in this entire area of foreign as-
sistance and that was eliminated again
by House action responding to7 the sug-
gestions of the administration.
So now, unless this body and the Com-
mittee on Appropriations begin to tailor
this financial load to actual needs, we
are going to be found guilty of malfeas-
ance of our responsibility.
The first reason we suggest this cut,
as I said, is selectivity. When there are
fewer dollars with which to operate, the
areas which need it are more carefully
selected. It is not scattered around willy-
nilly, where there are so many countries
and everybody wants a part of it. The
applicant has to be told to slow down
because we are running out of money
for this legislation.
Second, it would provide a greater de-
gree of efficiency in this program. No
Senator will stand in the Senate and say
that the program has been efficiently
operated. There are too many examples
of Inefficiency, such as concrete roads
built to nowhere, highways in areas
which lack automobiles, and electrical
refrigerators in areas which have no elec-
tricity. There are many mistakes.
I suppose our genial chairman would
say that we cannot help but make mis-
takes in a program such as this. I agree.
I am not agitating for a complete ending
of the program and I am not scalping
any public official. I point out that the
program will have to operate more effi-
ciently.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MUNDT. I yield.
Mr. PASTORE. I. am personally will-
ing to admit that mistakes have been
made, but I made the statement that I
do not believe we have ever had a man
at the head of this program who had
more administrative and conscientious
ability than David Bell.
23933
All that the Senator from Rhode Is-
land said was, "Let us not throw out the
baby with the bath water."
I hope that because we made some
mistakes. in this program in the past
that we do not take it out on this pro-
gram and the foreign assistance pro-
gram.
Mr. MUNDT. ?I have admiration for
David Bell. I recognize that he is trying,
to do his best. I recognize in the past
there have been great manifestations of
inefficiency and that they are still crop-
ping up.
We could not expect him to deal with
them all, but he could deal with them
more directly and effectively if he were
given less money with which to work.
The Senator from Rhode Island talked
about throwing out the baby with the
bath water. I am not even throwing out
the bath water.
We could be working on reductions of
$300 million or $500 million but we are
temperate individuals and we have to
work in areas of practicality. We simply
ask the Senate to make this additional re-
duction so we can get better results with
less money.
We are merely trying to reduce this bill
enough to save important dollars for our
taxpayers and to incite some additional
efficiency in the program.
One of the great weaknesses of the pro-
gram now is that foreign leaders can see
astronomical figures appropriated. They
can see what is written in black and
white. They figure they can come here,
tin cup in hand, and say, "We want Our
share of the dollars."
But if Mr. Bell were ably to say, "The
Congress is cutting us back; we did not
get all we asked for; we must limit some
programs in some areas," they will have
to make their request pretty persuasive
or will learn that we are not going to be
able to provide the money.
There must be stimulated effectiveness,
along with efficiency, and along with
selectivity, in a program which for too
long has operated with guidelines which
are too vague, too ambiguous, and. too
ineffective.
In a way, Uncle Sam has become a sort
of quack doctor operating on the global
economy and political situation; a sort
of economic and political quack doctor
who would be ruled out of the apothecary
arts in this country, if he provided the
same kind of pill for every ailment of
every individual in any area; a sort of
quack doctor approach with the same
prescription, "Dish out the dollars" for
all problems abroad. It is the same pre-
scription for every problem of every
country, be it a young country suffering
from problems of youth and adolescence,
or some archaic area suffering from the
aches and pains of old age. It is the
same pill, the same prescription, the
same kind of approach, which worked
pretty well a long time ago in Greece and
Turkey. They were given the aid and
they stood up against communism. But
that some formula will not work in every
country and in the curing of every prob-
lem.
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CONGRES ep em er 23, 1965
Sometimes it becomes counterproduc-
tive; we also can bring disturbance, and
distress with our doctor and our dollars.
We are In trouble with Sukarno. We
have a great deal of equipment there.
We help him with the problems there
and then he gives his neighbors fear from
his aggressive actions. Then, both the
r'akistanians and Indians start shooting
at each other with American provided
arms and ammunition.
When they ran out of American am-
munition and supplies in these two coun-
tries they were amenable to reason. It
is a good thing we did not give them a
couple billion dollars worth of ammuni-
tion or they would still be fighting.
This creates problems. It has been the
same old procedure too long. The same
old prescription will not work too long.
That is why our legislative committee
said, "Let us take another look at it."
Let us terminate this AID program in
2 years and take a new look at our
responsibilities.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
time of the Senator has expired.
Mr. MUNDT. I request 5 minutes on
the bill.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. How much time
is remaining?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Massachusetts has 2 min-
utes remaining on the amendments.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I yield to the
Senator from South Dakota 2 minutes
on the amendments and 3 minutes on
the bill.
Mr. MUNDT. I believe it is impor-
tant that we give consideration to a re-
vamping of this program. We cannot
abandon our international responsibil-
ity. Nobody is advocating that. A re-
duction of another $50 million would
bring dividends in terms of its psycho-
logical impact, far beyond the money it
would save in terms of actual dollars,
because it would Indicate a desire to
revamp and reorganize a program that
has gone into over a hundred billion
dollars. They are still busy spending
money they do not have. It is time to
prepare new plans, new approaches, and
ideas.
They have neither the time nor the
inclination to properly train the people
in charge of the program overseas.
They object to some kind of American
institutional training, so that we could
send professionals over there. to com-
pete with the highy trained professional
Communists on the other side.
We send starry-eyed idealists. We
send high-minded amateurs. We send
people whose minds have not been tu-
tored and trained, who have pockets full
of gold out into the world trying to will
the war for freedom in the cold war.
Perhaps If we sent people with fewer
dollars to spend, they might be better
trained and better organized.
A great many things could be done to
improve the program.
I am one of the coauthors of Public
Law 480, the food-for-peace program,
passed under the chairmanship of our
good friend from Louisiana [Mr. Er.tterr-
DEa I during the Eisenhower adminis-
tration. It was a good piece of legisla-
tion when it was passed. It was given
a great deal of assistance to people
abroad. It has served America and the
free world well. But It cool+I and should
do better.
That program needs son.e new con-
cepts. We must not operate it as though
it were a part of a free pancake day at
the county fair, and call out to the world.
"Come and get it."
Our surplus food should be judiciously
utilized In areas where It wil do the most
good. It should be used to i ifluenee hu-
man behavior, politically, as well as help-
ing the physical well-being o1 people, peo-
ple who are interested in bring not only
strengthened and well fed, t ut also want
to be politically free.
We do not serve too well the cause of
freedom by strengthening the bodies of
individuals only to have t rem become
slaves in the Communist army.
There, too, we need sortie guidance.
some new thinking.
There is too much of a t ?ndency, be-
cause we have surplus food to dispense
it without careful planning and without
determining in advance the results we de-
sire to obtain.
I should like to see ad-fitional and
larger amounts of our surpi is foods and
fibers used to help to make the world a
better place in which to live. All these
reforms hinge upon the determination of
whether this body and Cc tigress as a
whole desire to analyze, study, and re-
duce extravagant spending to the point
that we will compel, alone; with belt-
tightening, a little studious research, re-
planning, and revamping of the ap-
proach. We cannot abandon our respon-
sibilities, but we shall have to improve
our operation so that we many start win-
ning victories in the cold war.
This additional $50 million of savings,
if the Senate will approve It, may well
help to push those in power In the direc-
tion of doing a better job of American
leadership in the highly complicated
business of waging a cold wa ?.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. M'. President,
I yield myself 1 minute.
The amendment does not take 1 cent
away from the Alliance for Progress.
The amendment does not to ke 1 cent off
the $1.17 billion provided for military
assistance. I believe and i.m confident
that we shall have to ask fo^ many hun-
dreds of millions of dollars more to pro-
vide military assistance ar d for direct
military expenditures to filfill our ob-
ligations in South Vietnag.
My amendment takes 1.5 aercent from
the economic programs. II is cut down
by cutting $20 million frt.rn technical
cooperation, $10 million from interna-
tional organizations, and $20 million
from support assistance, or approxi-
mately 2 percent out of a $3 billion bill.
I hope the amendment, a hich was al-
most adopted in committee, will be
agreed to by the Senate.
Mr. PASTORE, Mr. Pre.- Ident, I shall
make a short observation. ItIs my un-
derstanding that I have 10 minutes re-
maining. I shall speak bri+,fly and then
yield back the remainder of my time.
I wish to impress upor the Senate
that the committee carefully scrutinized
every item contained In the bill. The
Senate, beginning on June 7 and ending
on June 14, took a number of votes, and
after prolonged debate passed a bill pro-
viding $50 million more than is provided
in the bill before the Senate today.
The argument of the Senator from
Rhode Island is that the bill has been
cut as far as we think it may well be cut
and preserve the security of this Nation.
That is our fundamental and sincere
conviction.
The argument that the additional $50
million is only a bare percentage of the
total amount is fallacious. If that logic
is used, why not cut the amount by
$500 million? Why not by $1 billion?
Why not remove the entire amount?
The question-is, Is this program es-
sential to our posture in the world to-
day? If it is realistic, how far should
we go in appropriating money? The idea
that to cut off a man's arm makes the
other arm stronger does not appeal to
the Senator from Rhode Island. The
suggestion that if the guts are out out of
a bill, the administration of the program
will be improved, does not appeal to me.
To my way of thinking, that is not logical.
This bill is $50 million less than the
amount that we authorized in the Sen-
ate only a few months ago. The bill was
cut by the House under the amount that
was agreed upon in conference and the
Senate committee has reduced the House
bill further by $92 million.
The argument that because OTTO PASS-
MAN'S views do not prevail in the House
subcommittee, the bill now before us is
ruinous, does not appeal to me. To begin
with, Mr. PASSMAN does not believe in
foreign aid. I say that if Senators do
not believe in foreign aid, they should
vote against the bill.
The committee labored and labored.
We have cut where we thought we could
cut judiciously. We have reduced the
amount below the figure that came to
us from the House. It is $50 million
less than the bill that was passed only a
short while ago after prolonged debate.
I say that a further cut of $50 million
is absolutely unnecessary. I hope the
Senate will defeat the amendments.
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Rhode Island yield?
Mr. PASTORE. I yield.
Mr. HOLLAND. I agree completely
with the position of the Senator from
Rhode Island. Congress only recently
passed the authorization bill. That bill
represented the consolidated opinion of
the two Houses of Congress. We have
now moved to a position in appropria-
tions that is well under the amount of the
authorization.
We know that the world is in a con-
fused condition. We have seen only re-
cently the benefits of this program in
various parts of the world, where at least
we appear to have strong influence in
preserving the peace. Some of that in-
fluence, I believe, is chargeable to our
long continued effort in the field of judi-
ciously providing foreign assistance.
Of course, mistakes have been made,
but I do not see how a better job could
possibly have been done than has been
done after the months of effort in com-
mittee. To rewrite the bill on the floor
of the Senate would be a mistake. I
therefore strongly back the position of
the Senator from Rhode Island.
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2
Mr. PASTORE. I thank the distin-
guished Senator from Florida. I shall
end with this observation: The problem
of Kashmir is 17 years old. The under-
lying cause of the problem in Kashmir
is older than the life of this Republic.
It is steeped in religious hatred and may
well never be solved. Who knows? But
it was because we were kind and benevo-
lent to Pakistan and provided her with
substantial aid, beginning in 1946, and
because we were good and benevolent to
the people of India, that the lines of
communication were kept open; and
now, today, there is a cease-fire agree-
ment. How different it could have been.
Who knows what might have happened?
We talk about Vietnam as our respon-
sibility. I am told that it will cost the
United States $11 billion to carry on the
war in Vietnam next year, unless it is
resolved soon..
Who knows whether the settlement of
the India-Pakistan dispute may not be
the spark to ignite a beacon light for the
United Nations to bring about a nego-
tiated peace in Vietnam?
Yes, you may say that we shovel out
our aid by the bushelful when we vote
as we shall on this bill. But the world
is in ferment. Its crises have deep roots.
They are older than we are as a repub-
lic. The idea that this program is a
failure because there are still sensitive
spots in the world does not appeal to the
Senator from Rhode Island.
I repeat: Do not cry over the premiums
paid to buy fire insurance even if the
house does not burn down. The United
States is still intact. Ours is still the
most affluent society in the world. If to
preserve the security of a gross national
product of $665 billion means to spend
in foreign aid and military assistance
some $3 billion, what better insurance
can we buy to keep our society free and
affluent?
I yield back the remainder of my time.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
no one is more desirous of seeing a
peaceful settlement to the Kashmir con-'
filet than is the senior Senator from
Massachusetts.
The $50 million for economic loans-
not grants-will not interfere in any
way, in my judgment, with our ability
to solve the serious problem to which
the Senator has referred.
Mr. President, I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
The VICE PRESIDENT. All time
having been yielded back, the question
is on agreeing to the amendments of-
fered by the senior Senator from Mas-
sachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALL] on behalf
of himself and other Senators. On this
question, the yeas and nays have been
ordered, and the clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk called the roll.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I announce
that the Senator from Maryland [Mr.
BREWSTER], the Senator from Arkansas
[Mr. FULBRIGHT], the Senator from
Tennessee [Mr. GORE], the Senator from
New Hampshire [Mr. MCINTYRE], the
Senator from Florida [Mr. SMATHERS],
and the Senator from Mississippi [Mr.
STENNIS] are absent on official business.
I also announce that the Senator from
New Mexico [Mr. ANDERSON], the Senator
from Connecticut [Mr. DODD], the Sena-
tor from Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY],
the Senator from New York [Mr. KEN-
NEDY], the Senator from Minnesota [Mr.
MCCARTHY], the Senator from Minnesota
[Mr. MONDALE], the Senator from Maine
[Mr. MUSKIE], and the Senator from Ala-
bama I Mr. SPARKMAN] are necessarily
absent.
I further announce that, if present and
voting, the Senator from Maryland [Mr.
BREWSTER], the Senator from Massachu-
setts [Mr. KENNEDY], the Senator from
New York [Mr. KENNEDY], the Senator
from Florida [Mr. SMATHERS], and the
Senator from Connecticut [Mr. -DODD]
would each vote "nay."
Mr. KUCHEL. I announce that the
Senator from Utah [Mr. BENNETT] is ab-
sent on official business of the Joint Com-
mittee on Atomic Energy.
The Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
CURTIS], the Senator from Kansas [Mr.
PEARSON], the Senator from Wyoming
[Mr. SIMPSON], and the Senator from
Texas [Mr. TOWER] are necessarily
absent.
The Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr.
SCOTT] is absent on official business.
If present and voting, the Senator from
Utah [Mr. BENNETT], the Senator from
Nebraska [Mr. CURTIS], the Senator from
Pennsylvania [Mr. SCOTT], the Senator
from Wyoming [Mr. SIMPSON], and the
Senator from Texas [Mr. TOWER] would
each vote "yea."
The result was announced-yeas 45,
nays 35, as follows:
[No. 267 Leg. ]
YEAS-45
Aiken Ervin
Allott Fannin
Bible Fong
Boggs Gruening
Burdick Harris
Byrd, Va. Hickenlooper
Byrd, W. Va. Hruska
Cannon Jordan,N.C.
Carlson Jordan, Idaho
Cooper Kuchel
Cotton Lausche
Dirksen McClellan
Dominick Miller
Eastland Morse
Ellender Morton
NAYS-35
Bartlett
Bass
Bayh
Case
Church
Clark
Douglas
Hart
Hartke
Hayden
Hill
Holland
Anderson
Bennett.
Brewster
Curtis
Dodd
Fulbright
Gore
Mundt
Murphy
Neuberger
Prouty
Randolph
Robertson
Russell, S.C.
Russell, Ga.
Saltonstall
Smith
Symington
Talmadge
Thurmond
Williams, Del.
Young, N. Dak.
Inouye Montoya
Jackson Moss
Javits Nelson
Long, Mo. Pastore
Long, La. Pen
Magnuson Proxmire
Mansfield Ribicoff
McGee Tydings
McGovern Williams, N.J.
McNamara Yarborough
Metcalf Young, Ohio
Monroney
NOT VOTING-20
Kennedy, Mass. Scott
Kennedy, N.Y. Simpson
McCarthy Smathers
McIntyre Sparkman
Mondale Stennis
Muskie Tower
Pearson
So the amendments offered by Mr.
SALTONSTALL and other Senators were
agreed to.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
I move to reconsider the vote by which
the amendments were agreed to.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I move
to lay that motion on the table.
23935
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
Mr. DODD subsequently said:
Mr. President, on the earlier vote on the
amendments offered by the senior Sen-
ator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTON-
STALL], I regret to state that I was in
the cloakroom when the vote was taken,
did not hear the bell, and was not
notified. Had I been present, I should
have voted "nay."
APPOINTMENT.BY THE VICE
PRESIDENT
The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair,
pursuant to Public Law 84-689, appoints
Senator FRANK E. Moss, of Utah, to be
an alternate delegate to the 11th NATO
Parliamentary Conference, to be held in
New York City between October 4-9,
1965.
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett,, one of its
.reading clerks, announced that the
House had agreed to the amendment of
the Senate to the amendment of the
House to the bill (S. 2127) to amend title
38, United States Code, in order to pro-
vide special indemnity insurance for
members of the Armed Forces serving in
combat zones, and for Other purposes.
The message also announced that the
House had agreed to the report of the
committee of conference on the dis-
agreeing votes of the two Houses on the
amendment of the Senate to the bill
(H.R. 8283) to expand the war on pov-
erty and enhance the effectiveness of
programs under the Economic Oppor-
tunity Act of 1964.
The message further announced that
the House had passed the following bills,
in which it requested the concurrence of
the Senate:
H.R.3e. An act to provide for participa-
tion of the United States in the Inter-Amer-
ican Cultural and Trade Center in Dade
County, Fla., and for other purposes; and
H.R. 9247. An act to provide for partici-
pation of the United States in the Hemis-
Fair 1968 exposition to be held at San An-
tonio, Tex., in 1988, and for other purposes.
HOUSE BILLS REFERRED OR
PLACED ON CALENDAR
The following bills were each read
twice by their titles and referred or
placed on the calendar, as follows:
H,R.30. An act to provide for participa-
tion of the United States in the Inter-
American Cultural and Trade Center in Dade
County, Fla., and for other purposes; to the
Committee on Foreign Relations.
H.R.924 t t provide for partici-
pation i States in the Heanls-
Fair 196 e i n to be held at San. An-
tonio, r'ex 68, and for other purposes;
ED AGENCIES APPROPRIATION
BILL, 1966
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 10871) making appro-
priations for foreign assistance and re-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 23, 1965
lated agencies for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1966, and for other purposes.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I send to
the desk an amendment and ask that It
be read.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend-
ment will be stated.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
On page 4, line 25. strike out "61,170,000,-
000" and insert in lieu thereof: "61,145,-
000.000: Provided, That not to exceed
$52,264,000 of this appropriation shall be
available for military assistance to Latin
American countries".
The VICE PRESIDENT. How much
time does the Senator yield?
Mr. MORSE. I yield myself such time
as I may need.
Mr. President, in considering this ap-
propriation bill, I would have the Senate
keep in mind two factors that bear di-
rectly upon the amount of money in-
volved:
First. That with the carryovers avail-
able from previous years, the funds the
bill makes available for purposes of for-
eign aid are not the $3.2 billion of new
obligational authority, but $3.5 billion;
and
Second. That with all the various for-
eign aid functions that have been funded
separately, the total being requested for
the forthcoming fiscal year is not the
$3.5 billion In the foreign aid request, but
a grand total of $7.5 billion.
In particular, I would call attention to
the fact that for many years, the entire
aid program specifically for Latin
America was included in the foreign aid
bill. Now, we have provided separate
funds for the Inter-American Develop-
ment Bank, thus removing a very large
segment of Latin American aid from the
traditional foreign aid bill.
So there is no genuine comfort In the
thought that this bill carries only $3.2
billion. That is only one drop in the
bucket of foreign aid Congress is fur-
nishing.
There is no better analysis of the fail-
ures and shortcomings of the current aid
program that I could present that would
improve on the one submitted In the
House of Representatives in the minority
views of the House Appropriations Com-
mittee. It states, and summarizes, the
basic objections to the program which
should have been corrected by Congress
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. gain for Communist China. Communist
MONTOYA in the chair). The Senate will China is the winner of the India-Paki-
be in order. stani war, and she is the chief bene-
Mr. MORSE [continuing the quota- ficiary, to date, of our policy of indis-
tion]:
4. There is a definite relationship between
the gold outflow and the Federal Govern-
ment's programs of spendinE In foreign
countries.
5. We are frequently told not to worry
about the dollars spent for foreign aid be-
cause most of them are spent n this coun-
try. Close examination reveals we are talk-
ing about only total commodity purchases.
For example. in fiscal year 1963 $855 million
was spent on commodities of t of a total
of foreign grants and loans of $5.17 billion.
6. There In too much flexibil ty given AID
in the use of appropriated Punt a with a lack
of congressional control over foreign aid
projects.
7. We are squandering too much of our
national resources In what is i aguely called
the "national interest" withot t a close ex-
amination by the Congress ard the people
of this country.
8. There is strong evidence of a lack of
concern for congressional inte:it specifically
expressed in some Instances in the hearings
and sometimes in the foreign lid law Itself.
Greater emphasis must be ph red upon (r)
energizing and encouraging pr vats develop-
ment resources of our own and in the devel-
oping countries; (2) initiating projects of a
grassroots nature such as feeding the hungry
and education programs In wk ich there are
assurances of reaching the mac a of people.
The minority views are d !voted to an
examination of those point.;. They are
points that have never been answered
nor corrected by the ma; ority which
continues to pass the same lefeetive aid
program year after year. "hey are the
reasons why public confldonce in for-
eign a:d is almost nonexistent.
I ask unanimous consent that the mi-
nority views, and the add tional views
of Mr. CONTz and Mr. R(OBISON, from
the House Appropriations Committee,
be printed in full at the conclusion of
these remarks.
The PRESIDING OFFICE R. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. MORSE. The arc, acing thing
about the debate and actic n on foreign
aid year after year is the ollllivion of the
majority which supports th s program to
the concrete instances whey t It has failed
utterly to do what is clair ied for it In
the congressional debates. What more
many years ago. I quote: can be said about the vabie of foreign
our examination of foreign aid spending aid to the United States after the debacle
requests for fiscal 1966 reveals that respon- between two recipients of I uge amounts
sible cuts can be made without endangering of aid, India and Pakistan? Only Korea
U.S. foreign policy or its commitments to and Taiwan of the underde'eloped world
other nations. The American people are en- have received more aid frorr us than have
titled to know, and this report outlines In
these two countries. They lave received
considerable detail the following: all this economic and military aid on the
1. The magnitude of foreign aid spending basis of their serving a; a bulwark
is not fully known by the average taxpayer. a
ainst Communist China
.
g
Total requests for foreign assistance purpascs
have been submitted to Congress this year Instead, they used the hundreds of bers of the guns and even the tanks we
amounting to over $71,, billion. millions of dollars worth of military had furnished the Dominican armed
2. The unexpended balance (pipeline) as equipment we had given hem against forces were turned over to the rebels.
of June 30, 1965. Is estimated to be over $10.6 each other. By so doing, they not only Our weapons were turned on the people
billion. weakened themselves, and thus under- they were supposed to keep in power.
3. Our commercial trade balance with aid- mined the value of our even more exten- And once again, more than 20,000 Amer-
recipient countries has dropped sharply sive economic aid, but they have gravely ican troops had to be sent to the country
since 1960. The Latin America commercial weakened the peace and suability of all in order to retrieve what we believed
trade balance is particularly alarming. of non-Communist Asia. The net result were American security interests. When
Mr. President, on the Senate's time, I of our shortsighted aid policy to these they got there, they faced the very guns
pause for order in the Senate. two countries has been a considerable and weapons that Congress and the ad-
criminat.' military aid to two hostile
neighbors.
That is why I have said that our cur-
rent aid program is making hay for the
Communists, not for the United States.
Yet the Congress refuses to face these
facts. The Congress refuses to admit
that much of the basis for aid simply is
not supported by what is really going on
In the world. We prefer to live in the
dream world conjured up for us by the
aid agency, the Pentagon, and the De-
partment of State.
Take the theory that military aid and
supporting assistance are a substitute
for U.S. soldiers. Nowhere have we sent
more military aid and supporting assist-
ance, relative to population, than to
South Vietnam. It has not replaced
American soldiers. American soldiers
have had to go over to Vietnam to try to
retrieve the damage done by years of in-
discriminate U.S. aid that did little more
than line the pockets of a few corrup-
tionists In the South Vietnam Govern-
ment. In the case of military aid, we
have sent our soldiers over there to fight
against the very same weapons we have
been sending to the South Vietnam Gov-
ernment for 10 years.
The same situation is going to prevail
in Thailand. Thailand is never going to
save itself with American military aid
and budget support. If our present
policy persists, and events continue un-
altered on their present course, Amer-
ican soldiers are going to have to be sent
to Thailand, too, to undo the mistakes of
our misguided aid policy in that country,
for in Thailand, too, we are sponsoring
corruptionists and furnishing them with
the goods and cash that is making them
the ideal target for unrest and resent-
ment among the people.
And never will the fantasies of the
military aid advocates be disproved more
completely than they have been dis-
proved in the Dominican Republic. In
the year and a quarter that we sent aid
to the junta headed by Donald Reid
Cabral, it totaled $61 million, for one of
the largest per capita aid programs any-
where in the world. A great deal of it
was military aid. Did it stabilize the
country? Did it contribute to internal
security? Did it relieve American sol-
diers of the task of policing the hemi-
sphere, as we police the entire world?
Not at all. The heavy military pro-
gram we sponsored in the Dominican
Republic helped fan the fl ames of resent-
ment against the junta. When the op-
portunity presented itself, large num-
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 September 23, pged For (A .RGK&~67BOEON4fLE000600130008-4
ministration, in their ignorance, had NEED FOR A NEW APPROACH TO MILITARY program. It is to be hoped that a reshaping
furnished so freely to a government that ASSISTANCE FOR LATIN AMERICA Of this program soon will be implemented.
should never have had them. We do not support the continued high level The Congress and the American people
It is a conservative estimate that more of military assistance to Latin America. The have the right to know the magnitude of U.S.
than half of what we are currently fur- appropriation request for this funding cate- programs of foreign assistance. It might be
gory has systematically increased with each said that foreign aid comes in "assorted sizes
nishing to Latin American military passing year despite a materiel limitation of and shapes." This appropriations bill calls
establishments Is in the same class with $55 million. We are not convinced that, in for over $3 billion in expenditures. But for-
that we furnished to the Dominican Re- every instance, these funds are applied only eign aid is scattered throughout 10 bills
public. In many cases, it is helping to toward the intended goal-the maintenance presented to the Congress. Total requests of
create a military establishment that be- of the internal security of the individual approximately $7.5 billion for foreign assist-
comes only a target for all those among Latin American countries. ance purposes have been submitted.
These funds could well be an enabling believe that further substantial re-
the masses of the people who seek far- g ductions can and should be made in the
reaching changes in their economic Cari- factor in any Latin American country's build- present programing of the 1966 up of military capabilities for external assistance appropriations We foreign
ditions. Only luck, not wisdom, will aggression and in many of the coups that o not advocate the denial bill. any necessary
save the United States from facing our have taken place In Latin America. do not advocate the denial of any necessary
own guns in Latin America many times military or economic assistance to the South
We recommend that early and serious Vietnamese which would help hasten a Com-
over, in country after country. consideration be given to a regional mill- munist defeat and speed the return of U.S.
That is why I have an amendment tary defense organization for Latin America servicemen from that theater of war.
putting a ceiling of $52,264,000 on the similar to NATO. The value of such a However, in view of the war in Vietnam
total of military aid to the hemisphere. regional organization would be manifold. and the growing American commitment
This ceiling applies'to all military pro- It would enable us to eliminate or curtail there, it is incumbent upon the administra-
This both grant equipment and train- the grants of military assistance to individ- tion and the Congress to review every pro-
ual Latin American countries. It would gram, both foreign and domestic, and either
Ing. provide on identification of interest and pur- postpone or eliminate unnecessary spending.
As chairman of the Subcommittee On pose, common to all of the Latin American Our examination of foreign aid spending
American Republics Affairs, I wish to countries, for the defense of Latin America. requests for fiscal 1966 reveals that responsi-
provide adequate military aid to Latin It is essential that these nations realize ble cuts can be. made without endangering
American countries, in order to keep that the Communist threat affects all Latin U.S. foreign policy or its commitments to
down Communist coups. But they do American nations, not just a few. While other nations. The American people are en-
not need the kind or extent of military these countries are, of course, independent titled to know, and this report outlines in
aid we are sending to Latin America to entities, the successful resistance of any one considerable detail the following:
aid down Communist to coups. They do country to this threat may well be depend- 1. The magnitude of foreign aid spending
ant upon the combined efforts of all, singu- is not fully known by the average taxpayer.
not need tanks, heavy materiel, or heavy larly and forcefully brought to bear on the Total requests for foreign assistance pur-
equipment. They do not need subma- common foe. poses have been submitted to Congress this
rines, or jet fighters, or hardware in large We have had the lesson of India and year amounting to over $7 /2 billion.
amounts to keep down Communist coups. 2. The unexpended balance (pipeline) as
What that kind of military aid does is Pakistan, the lesson of Greece and Tur- of June 30, 1965, is estimated to be over
build up military oligarchies and a mili- key, and the lesson of the Dominican $10.6 billion.
tary class throughout Latin America. Republic. Yet like the Bourbons, the 3. Our commercial trade balance with aid-
That military class, in country after American overseas aid programs forget recipient countries has dropped sharply since
nothing, and learn nothing. Congress 1960. The Latin America commercial trade
country, is keeping down freedom and and the administration have learned balance is particularly alarming. P
playing directly into the hands of the 4. There is a definite relationship between
Communists. The military aid we send nothing from the experience with aid the gold outflow and the Federal Govern-
should be military aid which is usable by of the last 2 years. But I think the ment's programs of spending in foreign
free governments, in Order to help pre- American people are learning a lot. It countries.
serve the freedom of their governments may be that the only history we will ever 5. We are frequently told not to, worry
learn from will be the lesson taught at about the dollars spent for foreign aid be-
Somagainst of potential Communist croups. the ballot box. cause most of them are spent in this coun-
try. Close examination reveals we are talk-
sphere should have little or no military Mr. President, I offer my amendment ing about only total commodity purchases.
aid from us at all. because I am satisfied that it Is a sound For example, in fiscal year 1963, $855 million
Mr. President, my amendment pro- amendment. i offer it because I believe was spent on commodities out of a total of
vides for a reduction of $25 million in it will greatly strengthen the progress foreign grants and loans of $5.17 billion.
what is programed for hemisphere grants of economic aid in Latin America. The 6. There is too much flexibility given AID
great need for strengthening economic in the use of appropriated funds with a lack
and training, as outlined in the reports programs in Latin America is to reduce of congressional control over foreign aid
of the House and Senate Appropriations projects.
Committee the military aid program. I have stated 7. We are squandering too much of our na-
I could cite no better endorsement, many times in committee, and on the tional resources in what is vaguely called the
floor of the Senate, that I would be will- "national interest" without a close examina-
justification, and explanation of my ing, for every dollar we take away from tion by the Congress and the people of this
amendment than the paragraphs sub- military aid, to give $2 for economic aid country.
mitted to the House by Representatives that would help raise the standard of 8. There is strong evidence of a lack of
CONTE and RoBISON, when they said: living of the people in Latin America. concern for congressional intent specifically
In a new or reinforced program of selec- ? expressed in some instances in the hearings
tivity in our assistance efforts, we recommend Now, my amendment offers the Senate and sometimes in the foreign aid law itself.
that one area of emphasis be Latin America. the opportunity to reduce by $25 million Greater emphasis must be placed upon (1)
The potential and the need for development the military aid to Latin America. I am energizing and encouraging private develop-
there have been long overlooked and short- satisfied that by so doing we would ment resources of our own and in the devel-
changed. There are pressing needs for strengthen the ability of Latin America oping countries; (2) initiating projects of a
agrarian and tax reform in Latin America. to protect itself internally, country by grassrootg nature such as feeding the hungry
And I would say parenthetically that country, because we would put the cash and education programs in which there are
our military aid is doing much to thwart where it belongs, into the kind of mili- assurances of reaching the mass of people.
the agrarian and tax reform without tary aid necessary to meet threats of MAGNITUDE of FOREIGN AID PROGRAM
which turmoil in Latin America is going Communist coups. There is an apparent lack of knowledge on
to get much worse- ExHmrr 1 the part of the average taxpayer on the mag-
nitude of our total foreign spending. Dur-
We are just beginning to see the results of MINORITY VIEWS ing the subcommittee meetings the Honor-
the progress that has been made possible For many years some very basic reasons able OTTO PASSMAN, chairman of the Subcom-
under the Alliance for Progress. Latin Amer- have been presented to the Congress setting mittee on Foreign Operations, presented
ica is truly on the march and we must insure forth the need for redirecting our whole for- charts and other information which are
that momentum is maintained. We can do eign aid program. American taxpayers in based on the hearings held this year by the
so by more selective and intensified economic growing numbers have expressed dissatisfac- subcommittee. This information should be
assistance efforts. tion with many aspects of the foreign aid made known to the Congress and the people
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 23, 1965
of the country who have the right and are
entitled to know the facts sp presented by
the informational charts and tables which
follow.
The dollar figure most widely quoted for
the cost of the foreign assistance program is
$3.4 billion. However, the President is re-
questing during this session of the Congress
approximately $7.5 billion for foreign assist-
ance purposes. The table below indicates the
various foreign assistance programs con-
tained in the President's amended January
budget:
New foreign aid funds requested in 1965
1. Foreign assistance re-
quests, as amended
(mutual security) ---- $3,459,470,000
2. Receipts and recoveries
from previous credits- 209,770,000
3. Military Assistance Ad-
visory Group -------- 76, 000,000
4. Export-Import Bank
(long-term credits)-- 900,000, 000
5. Public law 480 (agri-
cultural commodities) _ 1, 658, 000, 000
6. Inter-American Develop-
ment Bank (Latin
America) ------------- 705, 880, 000
7. International Develop-
ment Association
(IDA) ---------------- 104. 000.000
8. Peace Corps ------------ 115.000,000
9. Contributions to interna-
tional organizt.tlons_ 98, 953, 000
10. Permanent construction
overseas (military) __ 85, 988.000
11. Education (foreign and
other students) ------ 69.200,000
12. Ryukyu Islands--------- 14.733.000
13. Migrants and refugees-- 7.575,000
14. Atomic Energy Commis-
sion (overseas)------- 5,900,000
15. Inter-American Highway
(Latin America)_____- 4,000,000
Total new foreign
aid requests, first
6 months of 1965- 7. 512, 487. 000
The unexpended balance as of June 30,
1965, for the above-named programs or ac-
tivities Is estimated to be $10.805.738,000.
This Is commonly referred to as the foreign
aid "pipeline."
Complaints about the bottomless pipeline
of unspent money and unobligated author-
ity nearly always fall on deaf ears. How-
ever, this report should at least mention
the Congress has approved virtually all of
the $7.5 billion requested for the foreign aid
program as indicated in the foregoing table
and thus approximately $7 billion should be
added to the $10.6 billion in the pipeline.
We want to emphasize that this appropri-
ation bill does not contain the funds for
Public law 480 (agricultural commodities).
$1.7 billion; military assistance advisory
group, $78 million; contributions to Inter-
national organizations, $97 million; perma-
nent construction overseas (military). $88
million; education, $89.2 million; Atomic
Energy Commission (overseas); $5.9 million;
or Inter-American Highway, $4 million.
At one point in the hearings the conten-
tion was made and not challenged that 53
International groups or subgroups are en-
gaged in some form of activity which con-
tributes to our total foreign aid effort.
We are helping 98 countries and 4 terri-
tories in fiscal year 1988. We think the
American people ought to Insist on a con-
tinuing objective analysis of the so-called
"barebones" foreign assistance program.
v-S. COMMERCIAL TRADE BALANCE WITH AID-
RECIPIENT COUNTRIES
picks up momentum, the peoples of these
nations will be able to buy n.ore from us
and from other countries. The less devel-
oped countries are determined to grow-to
buy more and to sell more. The United
States can reasonably expect tii get Its fair
share of these expanding mark( ts. In addi-
tion, as these economies grow, there will be
an increase In returns on grow ng American
private investment in the less developed
areas. Thus, foreign aid Is a rilnor adverse
factor in the current balance-of-payments
problems; It to a strong posini a factor over
the long run."
It is important that the commercial trade
balance be considered. Like a checking ac-
count, the balance In black Is ;he most im-
portant factor. It is encouraging to make
large deposits but It we make larger with-
drawals, the balance goes into the red and
we are In trouble.
The subcommittee chairmi n converted
data obtained during the heisings Into a
worldwide graph and four reilonal graphs
which portray our commercial trade balance
which Is the net of U.S. exports (excluding
economic assistance-financed exports) and
US. imports.
Inasmuch as we have been extending aid
for many years-some of the countrtei: in-
cluded in the graph have beet in the pro-
gram since the Marshall plan era--it would
appear. If foreign aid opens tht way for U.S.
trade, that our commercial 'rode balance
should be on a rising trend. Instead, our
commercial trade balance is c n a very sig-
nificant downward glide, as evidenced in the
woridwido graph.
It Is clearly obvious from tee first graph
that our commercial trade ball nee with aid-
recipient countries has dropper sharply since
1960 and, of the four reglonil graphs, the
only area that seems to Ind rate a rising
trend Is the Far East (exci iding Japan)
where the commercial trade badance has in-
creased from -$209 million It, 1959 to +$7
million in 1963. The Latin America commer-
cial trade balance is alarming as our im-
ports from Latin America exceeded our ex-
ports by $159 million when vie started the
Alliance for Progress program in 1960. In
1953 our imports from Latin America ex-
ceeded our exports by $670 million.
PURCHASE OF U.S. GOLD BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES
RECEIVING U.S. AID
We are concerned about the outflow of
gold. It will be argued by some that It
has no bearing, but we feel there has been
a definite relationship between the gold out-
flow and the Federal Government's programs
of spending in foreign countries-In other
programs as well as the part of the foreign
aid program which is now under considera-
tion.
We are frequently told not to worry about
the dollars spent for foreign aid-that most
of them are spent in this country. Former
Treasury Secretary Dillon said at a White
House conference on February 18, 1965?"To-
day a full 85 percent of our foreign aid com-
mitments go for American goods and serv-
ices."
During our hearings we received testimony
that the 85 percent applies only to total
commodity purchases-in fiscal year 1963,
$855 million was spent on commodities out
of a total of foreign grants and loans of $5.17
billion. The rest was spent for overseas
products, for foreign labor and for the al-
most 3,500 personnel who were stationed
overseas to administer aid. In 1963, 78 per-
cent of the aid which was spent for com-
modities was spent in the United States, but
for the total program of grants and loans
only 16.5 percent was spent in this country.
In 1964 the percentage of commodity pur-
chases made In this country was 87 percent-
but this was only 18.5 percent of the total,
or less than $1 billion. The profit on $1
billion in sales is probably between $100 and
$150 million (10 to 15 percent)-a high cost
to all the taxpayers in addition to the harm
to the balance of payments for the $100 mil-
lion profit.
The following table is an updating of the
one included in the committee report last
year and reflects the gold purchases of 57
countries who have received military and/or
economic assistance during the 7-year period,
1958-64:
Net sales of U.S. gold to foreign aid program recipients
(In millions of dollars-Negative fig Tres relseu at net sales by the United States; positive figures represent net
purchases)
I + 1962 1963 1964 Total
Country --- 1956 1959 1960 1961
-'_--I
?------ -15. D --------
Algria-
_----------------------
-84.2 -827 -1.1 -------- -142.5 -32.1 -M.4
Austria. --
-329.4 -~.5 -140.9 -144.4 -83.0 ________ -40.1
Argentina -30.0 --____-- -.7 --------
llelglum
-3.B - --- -20.9 -------- ------__
Burma ------------------------- --- -?------- ---------
CAmlwdin------------------------ ---------- --------- -120 -3.1 -1.7 +3.2 --- ----
Camcroon Republic_____________J.::::::::: _
Central African Republic.__.__.__-- - --- - -- -----
-- ------------------------
Cfi