THE NEED FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A FREEDOM ACADEMY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000600090041-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 30, 2006
• Sequence Number: 41
• Publication Date: March 9, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

196.1E
Approved a p~,0M f~FRDMP92446R000600090041-2 4529
alia "the highest concentration of low in-
come farms in the county"; the relative
decline of coal as the main source of energy
and power in competition with oil and
natural gas; automation and unemployment
in agriculture and industry; a large propor-
tion of people on relief; migration of a mil-
lion people from the southern Appalachian
region in one decade; the present signifi-
cance of the historic personal self-reliance,
individualism, traditional and religious
fundamentalism; the present situation in
education, health, and the social services;
the lags in the organization and adapta-
tion of local governments and community
services to new conditions; the trend toward
individual leadership, business enterprise,
and community morale; cooperation of the
local, State, and National Governments in
meeting, mitigating, and ending the damages
to the people of the community, the State,
the region, and the whole Nation resulting
from the continuing noncircuits of a de-
pressed area.
NEED FOR INTELLIGENCE IN THE EVALUATION
OF WHAT IS INDISCRIMINATELY CALLED SPEND-
ING
The values and responsibilities of the
free individual, the local community, the
several States, and the Nation, are all pro-
vided for in the American system of a union
of States and a nation of people, based on
the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
It should never be forgotten that the free
and self-reliant individualism, so characteris-
tic of mountain people, the private initiative,
the free and socially responsible enterprise,
agricultural and industrial, personal and
corporate, are the sources of not only the
dynamisms of our gigantic American produc-
tion on farms and in factories, but also of
the creatively American system of a mixed
and balanced economy, adapted and ad-
vancing to meet the needs and opportunities
of the American people in the world of
the mid-20th century. It should also never
be overlooked that the American way is an
experimental approach, within our constitu-
tional framework of individual freedom and
social responsibility, for finding, on the basis
of both principle and experience, which way,
in a special situation, is the most intelligent
and democratic way to meet the needs and
fulfill the aspirations of the people for a more
productive, fairer and better life for all the
people.
The free, private and socially responsible
ownership and management of agricultural,
industrial and business enterprises, have
mainly stood the test of both basic principle
and historic experience. In the course of our
history and experience it was also found that
the private operation of the post office, roads
and schools was not adapted for meeting the
needs and hopes of a large majority of the
population. The American people, there-
fore, established the public postal system,
public roads and public schools in the open
service of all the people as a more intelligent
way and a much needed part of the robust-
ness of our various and free society, our
mixed and balance economy based on free
enterprise and public welfare in our respon-
sible and responsive American democracy.
It has recently been reported that State
and local budgets have increased propor-
tionately much more than- the Federal
budget. The increases in the Federal budget
and the Federal payroll have been mainly for
defense and the payroll of soldiers who hold
the lines of freedom all over the world. The
increases in the State and local budgets have
been mainly for the teachers of the children,
coming in tidal waves, whose intelligence and
skills are the main sources of our private
industrial dynamism and one of the chief
hopes of democracy in America and freedom
and peace in the world.
The champions of freedom and democracy
in Europe. Africa, Asia, and South America
system of individual liberty and social re-
sponsibility, private enterprise, and public
welfare, are among the bulwarks against the
totalitarian world, which would engulf all
liberty in the world. Our friends, and the
friends of liberty, with fresh winds blowing
across America and the world today, deplore
any American reaction which returns to the
unrestrained and irresponsible industrialism
of a system that belongs to an age that has
gone.
in the mountain and hill country of
America is heard the call and need of tour-
ism and its required services on the State
and national public highways, in the State
and national public parks, historic com-
memorative pageants, folk music and plays.
In mountainous North Carolina millions of
people riding down the highways of Amer-
ica into the Great Smoky National Park, have
seen Kermit Hunter's "Unto These Hills,"
the pageanted poignant story of the Chero-
kee Indians, uprooted and moved to the
Indian Territory. In Carolina by the sea
more than a million people from all over
North America have seen Paul Green's pio-
neer symphonic drama telling, the story of
"The Lost Colony" on Roanoke Island, on
which Sir Walter Raleigh stumbled in his
imperial dream and which, nevertheless, was
to become a stepping-stone to the British
Dominions and the American Nation.
Not partisan prejudice, political slogans
or sectional shibboleths, but intelligence of
the people as to what is most productive,
necessary, and fair, increasingly is becoming
the guiding force as to what should be
private and what should be public in its
basic structure, management, and service of
the people.
If abandoned or left exclusively to their
own initiative and resources-always indis-
pensable in any situation-depressed areas
sometimes become for a time the victims of
national trends and world situations, over
which they have no control . and tend to
perpetuate themselves in a vicious circle of
exhaustion of basic resources, dwindling
capital, loss of wages, the growing under-
consumption, and the continuing depres-
sion. The depressed area, which needs
capital most, has the least capital available
for the necessary undertakings to help the
people help themselves to get out of their
depression and rejoin the forward march of
their own great country.
The ARA, mainly with loans at reasonable
rates and grants in. special cases, seeks and
hopes, wisely, in response to individual and
community initiative, to provide the seed
capital, the stimulus, the research, and the
cooperative guidance needed by the leaders,
enterprises and programs in the areas of
depression.
NEEDS COMMON TO DEPRESSED AREAS
Common to south and north Appalachia
are the needs for: (1) more and better gen-
eral education; (2) specialized skills; (3) re-
search; (4) diversified industry; (5) tourism;
and (6) more and better community enter-
prises and social services.
For all these needs, cooperation between
the local, State, and Federal governments is
indispensable for full realization of the po-
tentialities of the region The main respon-
sible agencies, in response to local initiative
and community enterprise, are the State and
local governments, which sometimes have,
under-pressures of special interests, abdicated
their responsibilities and then complained
about the advancing roles of the Federal
Government in helping to meet the human
needs.
GEJSERAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Basic and general. education are needed to
supply to, equip youth and the people to
develop victorious personalities, civic under-
derstanding, social and ethical insights as
citizens and as spiritual human beings.
needed for the training and development of
the special skills needed in our complex
modern society.
Low income agricultural and industrial
regions and depressed areas in general, have
a larger proportion of children and smaller
proportion of wealth than the national aver-
age. Just as within the State, State aid to
the local communities is necessary to provide
more equal educational opportunities for all
the children in the State, so, within the
Nation, with its imbalances of wealth and
children, Federal aid, without Federal con-
trol, is needed to l supplement State funds
to provide more equal educational oppor-
tunity for all the children of our common
country. In some areas of relative and con-
tinuing depression, the people have higher
tax rates for the education of their children
and yet provide less per child than the
national average.
The educated youth, whom the low income
people with a higher tax rate educate in
their nonproductive years, migrate annually
with their knowledge and skills by scores
of thousands to become producers of Wealth
in other regions which had made no con-
tribution to their education. The less edu-
cated and the unskilled also migrate in large
numbers to end up in the slums and on the
already crowded relief rolls of the great
cities. Both the skilled and the unskilled
become citizens not only of the State but
also of the Nation. It is in the interests of
all the communities, of all the States, and
of the Nation as a whole, as a matter of
democracy, justice and national well-being
that the Federal Government recognizes its
supplementary responsibility for the equali-
zation of the educational opportunity of
all the children in all the States.
The Federal Government long ago recog-
nized its responsibility in (1) Federal aid to
schools in the North West Ordinance of 1787;
(2) in Federal aid to land grant colleges by
the Morill Act, which was signed by Abraham
Lincoln in 1862; and in the.aid to vocational
education. Vocational education, with all its
values, has been largely geared to agricul-
ture with less and less need of youth and
now needs to be oriented also for this wider
development of the industrial, commercial,
technical, civic and social skills to meet the
needs of our increasingly diversified indus-
try and commerce, our more complex social
institutions and the advancing democracy
and leadership of the American people in
the modern world.
THE EXAMPLE OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE VALUES
OF EDUCATION AS A BULWARK AGAINST
BECOMING A DEPRESSED AREA
The values of a democratic and modern
education are emphasized, for example, in
the history of Massachusetts. Long before
the crusade of Horace Mann for public edu-
cation, Massachusetts led the country in per
capita expenditure for education. The Puri-
tan forefathers and the people of the State,
with all their traditions of thrift and econ-
omy, showed their faith in the investments
in education not only as a way of preventing
the decline of Massachusetts, beset with the
exhaustion of natural resources, but also as
a way of adaptation, prosperity, and progress
in changing times.
When the already stubborn soils of Massa-
chusetts were becoming exhausted before
the days of abundant fertilizer, the people,
with highly trained intelligence, shifted from
too much reliance on the land to a larger
reliance on the sea. Their initiative and
bold sailors wrested oil from the whales and
became the center of a fast growing mari-
time enterprise, whose whalers and clipper
ships encompassed the earth and became one
of the wonders of the world. When oil in
the earth was discovered at Titusville, Pa.,
in 1859, the oil in the body of the earth
supplanted the oil in the bodies of the
whales. The people of Massachusetts again,
instead of accepting the doom of a depressed
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area, made a new adaptation In a larger con-
centration on the manufacture of textile and
shoes. When the textile mills began moving
south to be near the cotton fields, and the
shoe factories began moving west to be near-
er to the leather. the byproduct of the cattle
ranches and packinghouses of the rising
West, the educated people of Massachusetts.
with their general, specialized, and higher
education and their trained vocational skills
for new adjustments on higher levels, turned
to a larger concentration on the manufac-
ture of modern electrical and electronic en-
gines, appliances and machinery. Instead
of increasing the breadlines of a depressed
area, the people and the youth of Massachu-
setts lengthened the enrollment in the many
colleges and the booklines of many libraries.
The people of Massachusetts, who Invested
in education and had the largest per capita
circulation of books from their college and
public libraries, did not consider the money
so spent as wasteful spending but as in-
vestments in youth, In trained Intelligence
and in their own future as a great Common-
wealth. Of the 10 foremost universities and
research centers in America, 2 are in the 1
State of Massachusetts-Harvard and MIT.
Three of the six foremost colleges for women
are in Massachusetts. Likewise, 3 of these
10 foremost universities are In the State of
California-the University of California at
Berkeley, Stanford, and Caltech. A fourth
one is on the way at UCLA, California. not
only because of its climate, resources, and
population, but also because of its schools,
community colleges, liberal arts colleges.
schools of technology, art galleries, libraries,
and centers of research, is fast becoming the
premier State of the Union. Instead of be-
coming bewildered by the mechanical con-
tacts of the new mass media of our civiliza-
tion, the people of California are learning
to emphasize the creative values of the sci-
entific, cultural, and spiritual content of
the lives and youth and the people.
THE VALUES OF RESEARCH IN A DEPRESSED AREA
IN THE WORLD IN GENERAL AND ESPECIALLY
IN A DEPRESSED AREA
We will not here summarize the wonders
of scientific research in industry and com-
merce, medicine and health, transportation
and communication, and In the exploration
of the Interior of the earth and outer space,
where the moon and the stars In their heav-
enly course beckon the adventurous zest of
youth and the far quests of the human spirit
for the building of a new earth and the
finding of new heavens on the farthest fron-
tiers of our expanding universe.
We recall in this college of freedom and
responsibility, religion and learning, science
and the arts, that it was the groping and
ever-exploring mind of man with his philos-
ophy and theories, speculations and experi-
mentations. Ideas and instruments, which
created the commercial revolution of the
15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, the industrial
revolution of the 18th, 19th, and 20th cen-
turies, and the atomic revolution of the mid-
20th century. The Idea of the electro-
magnetic nature of the earth became,
through research, more efficiently mechan-
ized in the mariner's compass, which helped
to bring on the commercial revolution. The
idea of the latent power of heat in the ex-
pandtng power of steam became, through
research, dynamically mechanized in the
modern steam engine, which, together with
electric generators and gas engines, brought
on the industrial revolutions. The idea of
the nuclear nature of the atom became,
through research, mechanized In reactors
and bombs. which are causing the atomic
revolution. All these have tied all nations
and peoples together in one fatefully Inter-
dependent world, loaded with the doom or
hopes of mankind and are making the United
Nations a moral imperative in this age.
In this dynamic interdependent world, a
war or a depression anywhere involves hu-
man beings everywhere. Area redevelopment
In the anthracite area reinforces economic
development In the United States. Economic
development in the United States reinforces
economic development In the world. Eco-
nomic development In the world reinforces
economic development in the United States
and in every region In the United States.
Equal opportunity through more and better
education and the broadening of the base
of human well-being in all parts of the
United States and in all parts of the world.
serve to lift the level of human liberty In
America and in the world.
SCIENTIFIC, SOCIAL AND HUMANE RESEARCH
HAVE THEIR GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE AND LOCAL
IMPACTS
A.; we move from considering the global
impacts of research to its local Implications.
we are Impressed with the leadership of this
historic college of liberal learning and sclen-
tific research as a center for the renaissance
of the anthracite region of Pennsylvania and
beyond. Here scholars, teachers, and trail-
blazers to new frontiers will discover new
uses for old resources, will determine what
Industries are economically sound In this
area of our competitive society, and what are
most economically productive and humanly
creative In this fast changing age. Hard
coal, long produced in this area and widely
used in domestic stoves, has been and is
being replaced by soft coal In furnaces and
central heating plants. Both hard and soft
coal are being Increasingly replaced by oil
and natural gas. Research here will seek to
find, Inter ails, new and increasing uses of
coal In old and new industries.
Your creative artists will produce histori-
cal symphonic dramas telling the story of
the struggles, sufferings, and hopes of the
people, who, in this region had their valiant
part in the epic drama of coal, Iron, and steel
In the making of America as the industrial
giant of modern times, as the stronghold of
freedom and as one of the hopes In the
partnership of justice and peace in the
world.
Scientific research and technology has a
tremendous impact not only on the struc-
ture of the nations and the hopes of the
people of the world, but also on the struc-
ture of a community and the hopes of the
people in their work-a-day lives. In our
national and mechanically automated in-
dustrial society, in which proportionately less
and less workers are needed on the farms and
In the factories, the question arises as to
where will be found the oppertunitles for
useful work of millions of youth and people
going annually into a labor market with its
annual reduction of available jobs. Is the
answer in rural and urban slums and public
relief rolls. with their loads on the national
economy, and unemployment, as the running
sores of the body politic? A more intelli-
gent, humane and productive answer Is, in
employment; In the wiser staffing of the
overcrowded schools and hospitals; the
building of libraries, schools, decent houses,
roads, clinical diagnostic centers, research
centers, centers for the perofrming arts,
community services, recreational opportu-
nities for youth and the people in our free
society in this world of tension and strains.
This Wilkes College Center of Research
and Graduate Studies has been made pos-
sible by the vision and generosity of Mr.
Donald Carpenter, who not only gave a mil-
lion dollar chemistry building but an en-
dowment of $500,000 for the annual opera-
tion of the building, and by the collegs rais-
ing $2,500,000 to be supplemented by an ARA
grant of $400,000. The laboratories of this
center will require 250 new highly trained
technicians who will add more than $1 mil-
lion to the annual payroll of this commu-
nity.
For the 15 ARA projects in the Scranton-
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton area of the two coun-
ties, Luzerne and Lackawanna, the ARA has
made an investment of $4,233,286 toward the
redevelopment of the anthracite region of
Pennsylvania, providing the basis for 2.270
additional jobs and 593 trainees.
It is not the purpose of Wilkes College, or
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Na-
tion, or the ARA to encourage runaway in-
dustries, to promote artificial industries or to
give an unfair advantage to any industry or
to any region. It is the purpose of Penn-
sylvania, the ARA. and of us all, in response
to local initiative and community coopera-
tion, to help the people help themselves by
providing seed capital and well prepared and
soundly based enterprises which can stand
up In our free society for the productive and
humane service of all the people. With all
possible and wise economies, we cannot, with
false and wasteful economies, pinch our way
out and up to a more productive and better
life for all people. We must create our way
out and up to a more productive and better
society. We must invest more wisely and
adequately in youth in general and higher
education, in basic and applied research, in
specialized and professional skills, In ad-
venturous imagination and the noblest crea-
tions of the human spirit.
We must develop the untapped resources
of the earth and the seas, the mountains and
the rivers, the unused faculties of the bodies
and the minds of the people, regardless of
race or region, color or creed, and through
them all create our way out from depression
into recovery, and from poverty of an area
Into the general power and humane progress
of the whole and the wholesome life of all
the people in all the States. Upon the
leadership of the United States in the free
partnership of the United Nations ride the
perils and fears, the faith and hopes, of the
people of the world for freedom, justice, and
peace on the earth as the God-given home
of the family of man in this time of mortal
peril and immortal hope for the people and
all their children everywhere.
THE NEED FOR THE ESTABLISH-
MENT OF A FREEDOM ACADEMY
(Mr. BOGGS (at the request of Mr.
ROBERTS of Texas) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, for some
time I, along with a group of my col-
leagues of both parties and in both
Houses of the Congress, have been work-
ing for the establishment of a Freedom
Academy. Recently hearings were held
on my bill before the House Committee
on Un-American Activities.
I include herewith my testimony be-
for the committee.
I also include a copy of an article
which I wrote recently for the Clarion-
Herald in New Orleans in connection
with this project.
I am most hopeful that the Congress
will act affirmatively on this proposal
during this session as I consider it es-
sential for the security and welfare of
our great country.
STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE HALE BOGGS, A
REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM rHE
STATE OF LOUISIANA
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Chairman, I shall only take
a minute. I appreciate the opportunity of
appearing before your distinguished com-
mittee. I would have been here yesterday
but we are in the middle of the tax confer-
ence, as you know.
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Mr. Tvox. Mr. Chairman, I would like to
say we are greatly honored to have such a
distinguished gentleman from Louisiana
and a leader of the House to appear before
our committee. That is the way I feel about
it.
-Mr. BOGGS. Thank you very much.
Mr. JorsAwes e. Mr. Chairman, I want to
set the bipartisan tone here by saying that
I associate myself with the Governor in
those sentiments. I Mr. BOGGS. Thank you.
The CHAIRMAN. You gentlemen have re-
lieved me of complimenting my good col-
league from Louisiana.
Mr. BOGGS. I must say, thank all of you.
I am very happy to appear in behalf of this
legislation. As you gentlemen know, I am
one of the cosponsors of the bill pending be-
fore, you. My dear friend and colleague,
Congressman HERLONG, if I remember cor-
rectly, was the first person to sponsor this
idea.
Now, Mr. Chairman, I would just like to
make a few observations on why I think this
legislation would serve a most salutary pur-
pose in the' world as it now exists.
I think that we have been very fortunate
in arming our country to such a point that
our Offensive superiority over the Commu-
nist world is so great that it makes the pros-
pect of nuclear war somewhat remote, at
least at this time.
And I think as long as we maintain that
superiority-and it exists, if my information
is correct, in almost every field, in the field
of manned aircraft, `in the field of nuclear-
powered`missile`equipped submarines, in the
field of missiles both short range, interme-
diate range, and inter-continental range, in
the field of economics and technology, par-
ticularly in the"field of agricultural produc-
tion and so on.
As a matter, of fact, probably the greatest
confrontation in history occurred a year or
so ago the missile installations in Cuba-so
I think that as long as the American people
are willing to continue to make the tre-
Inendthe required-We will be con-
sidering snends this sacrifices ees rh e authorization for the
Armed Forces of the United States where we
will continue to spend approximately $50
billion a year on armaments alone. I think
what this points up in many ways is that
the doctrinaires in the Kremlin, in China,
in Cuba, and elsewhere are convinced that if
they are to succeed, it is in the field of ideol-
ogy." We have seen a greatodeal of this. I
think there has been more of it `than has
come to the public attention, particularly in
Latin America.
The threat of Castro is a double threat in
that Cuba is today being used as a base for
the training of Communists or subversives
who infiltrate the Latin American nations.
We have seen a demonstration of that in
recent weeks in Panama. Prior thereto, the
situation in Venezuela was very acute, as
you gentlemen know. .,
There are other dangerous spots in Latin
America, in countries as large as Brazil, for
instance. In tl#s, the biggest nation in this
hemisphere, there has been an infiltration of
Castro agents.
(At this point Mr. PooL entered the hearing
room.)
Mr. BOGGS. NQw, it is incumbent upon
us to counteract this type of thing. It is
just as important that we do this as that
we win the m ll ary battle because we could
win militarily and lose in other ways, as
you gentlemen well know. I have always
said that the greatest revolution in the his-
tory of mankind was the American Revolu-
tion because the?, American, Revolution actu-
-ally freed people. It, made it possible foi
men and wome4i to utilize their abilities
in a free society. Until the American revolu-
tion and the. D_, eclaration of Independence
therefrom, mankind had really never lived . Mr. Tucx: I have no questions. Thank
in that kind of free society. you very much.
And this is still the most revolutinary Mr. PooL. Mr. Chairman, I want to also
society on the earth. It is fantastic to me
that it is possible to export the autocratic,
dictatorial, repressive society which is called
communism as an appeal to idealism and
not to be able to explain the American ideal
and the tremendous impact of the American
free system to the rest of mankind.
Now, there is a great yearning on the part
of people throughout the world to know
something about what our system is all
about. I think one of the reasons the
Peace Corps has been such a remarkable
success is because it has demonstrated the
basic idealism of Americans. We have had
these young people-and some of them have
not been so young. I have had some middle-
aged and even some old people come to me
and interest themselves in that operation-
but we have had those people dedicating
themselves principally to what we call the
genuine American ideal.
So, Mr. Chairman, as I see it, what this
legislation would and as all of you know
it has strong bipartisan support in this
body and in the other body as well, provide
the opportunity for us to channel these abili-
ties that are innate in our society, to fight-
ing the greatest threat that mankind has
ever faced.
Now, in saying this, I do not want to dero-
gate anyone. I think that the work done by
our security agencies, the FBI particularly
on the domestic scene, the CIA elsewhere
in the world, is by and large the highest
type of activity on earth.
But what is proposed here is something
else. This is not intelligence work. It is
not checking on subversives-all of which
is vital and important to the seeurity of this
country and the security of freemen every-
where. This is the use affirmatively of the
great reservoir of talent that we have in the
United States to show what the free system
and what a free society can do. I have no
preconceived notions of how this Academy
should be set up, but I would expect it to
bring to its cause the best educated, the
most talented people in our country.
The CHAIRMAN. I might mention that yes-
terday, your friend and mine, Congressman
HERLONG, of Florida, made a splendid pres-
entation and he said that perhaps it was
a good thing that we have not moved too
fast in this area because yours and Con-
gressman TAFr's bill are, in his opinion, the
currently two most superior bills because
they were brought up to date as a result of
Senate hearings and so on.
Mr. BOGGS. Well, I appreciate Congressman
HERLO NG's saying that, but I would certainly
want to amend his statement by saying that
had it not been for his initial action in this
field and his willingness to spend a great
deal of time, that maybe the effort would not
have been possible at all.
The CHAIRMAN. I know, I know you feel
that way.
No. 2; your development of the idea of
our superiority in the military field, as com-
pared to the ideological field, is a thought
that had permeated the record yesterday and
finally, you referred to the Peace Corps.
S5hie witness yesterday mentioned that one
of the reasons-perhaps he said the major,
reason-for the success of the Peace Corps
was the insistence that it would not be under
the complete domination of the State De-
partment. But it was a new effort, a new
approach, and for freedom of action, more
freedom of action by that agency, and that
is an argument for this Freedom Academy
approach being an independent agency,
though of course with the provisions in the
bill with full contemplation that all agencies
will have advisory capacities to the operation
of this contemplated institution.
We appreciate your appearing.
compliment the gentleman, and also tell you
that I brought a bunch of your neighbors
in here awhile ago from east Texas, in Dallas.
Mr. BOGGS. Well, good.
Mr. PooL. Mr. BOGGS is the majority whip
of the House and he joins us in Louisiana,
so I am especially glad that they were here
today to attend this session.
Mr. BOGGS. Well, all I can say, Congress-
man, is that I hope that they appreciate you
as much as I do, and that's a lot.
It is indeed a pleasure for me to have the
opportunity today to testify before this dis-
tinguished committee, which is so ably
chaired by my good friend and colleague
from Louisiana., EDWIN WILLIS.
Today I am happy to speak on behalf of
my bill, H.R. 5368, and its companion meas-
ures sponsored by my colleagues in the
House and the Senate, which call for the
establishment of a Freedom Academy and a
Freedom Commission, as a separate agency
of our Government.
However, before I begin my comments on
this proposed legislation, I would like to pay
tribute to my colleagues in the House, the
Honorable A. SIDNEY HERLONG, Jr., of Florida,
and the Honorable RICHARD SCHWEIKER, Of
Pennsylvania, for being the pioneer spon-
sors of this bill to establish a new arm for
our Government's anti-Communist offen-
sive-that is, a Freedom Academy to train
Government personnel, American citizens
from all segments of our society, and young,
educated citizens from other nations
throughout the free world.
I am particularly gratified that Mr. HER-
LONG told this committee yesterday that he
is pleased with the newest version of this
bill, as sponsored by a bipartisan group of
13 Senators and by myself and Congress-
man ROBERT TAFT, of Ohio. Because Con-
gressman HERLONG was a pioneer in sponsor-
ing this proposed legislation, I am
particularly flattered about his announce-
ment that he will support my bill and those
companion measures before the House and
the Senate.
My opening remarks would not be corn.
plete without my paying tribute to Mr.
Alan G. Grant, Jr., of Orlando, Fla., for his
tireless and diligent efforts for more than a
decade to realize the establishment of a
Freedom Academy as a separate agency of
our Government. As you know, Mr. Grant
was a charter member of the dedicated Or-
lando Committee for the Freedom Academy,
and he and his coworkers are deserving of
great praise for their work on behalf of our
country.
I know that a great deal already has been
said on the need for establishing a special
training center or academy to counter
Communist nonmilitary tactics around the
world. Facts have been cited by Mr. Grant
and other private citizen specialists on the
thousands of Russians and citizens of other
Communist countries who have been trained
in all manner of nonmilitary conflict tech-
niques in a host of Soviet schools, both mili-
tary and nonmilitary. Mr. Grant and other
specialists in this field-in testimony before
the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee
in 1959, the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee in 1963, and now this week before this
committee of the House-have pointed out
that the Soviet Union is operating an esti-
mated 6,000 special schools to train Russian
Communist Party members and Communist
agents from the bloc countries and other
nations of the world in the tactics of agita-
tion, infiltration, propaganda, subversion,
sabotage and other nefarious techniques.
It also has been estimated that the Soviet
Government is spending something like $5
billion a year to provide this highly spe-
cialized training to their agents and to those
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or Communist nations around the world.
These agents from other countries then re-
turn to all parts of the world and begin
fomenting revolution, either in their own
countries or In neighboring ones, Particu-
larly are the uncommitted, emerging nations
ripe for overthrow of their Infant govern-
ments and Communist takeover.
i Mr. Grant, Congressman RERLONG and
others also have pointed up the U.S. appar-
ent lack of any central training center or
academy, specifically designed for the pur-
pose of conducting research and the training
of our public and private citizens. as well as
Citizens of other countries of the free world,
in all kinds, of political, nonmilitary tech-
niques which can be used to counter the
Soviet and Red Chinese propaganda of-
fensive. Not only do we not have an agency
designed for this specific purpose, but also
we do not have, in any of the existing de-
partments or agencies of our Government,
an extensive course in nonmilitary counter-
offensivve techniques for our Goveriunent
personnel alone.
Of primary concern to all Americans is
the existence of a Communist-controlled
country just 90 miles from the coast of Flor-
ida-Cuba. In testimony last year before
the Inter-American Affairs Subcommittee of
the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Mr.
John McCune, Director of the Central Intel-
ligence Agency, noted that some 1,800
agents from other Latin American nations
went to Cuba "to receive." as he put it,
"ideological indoctrination or guerrilla war-
fare training, or both." Mr. McCone said
that many more such agents probably would
get into Cuba in 1963. despite the curtailed
facilities for reaching Castro's Island.
In the years which have passed since the
Korean war began, if we were never before
concerned about the need for training our
own people in the necessary political war-
fare tactics to counter the Communist of-
fensive, we should well be concerned now.
At the edge of our shores is a Communist-
held training base, now teaching agents
from throughout Latin America, bow best
to export violent, or nonviolent revolutions
Into their own countries-some of which
are ripe for Communist takeover. 71 we did
not think previously that the establishment
of a freedom academy was necessary, surely
we should do so now.
Mr. Chairman, in thinking on the need
for this legislation, I was reminded of our
late President's magnificent words in his
historic inaugural address: "And so, my fel-
low Americans: Ask not what your country
can do for you-ask what you can do for
your country."
These words came to mind because, to me,
they emphasize the unique advantage that
this proposed Freedom Academy would have
over any existing governmental training
schools. What I am saying is that this
Academy would provide spe`ciallzed training
not only to our Government personnel, but
also, more importantly, to our private cit-
izens from all segments of our society and
to citizens from nations throughout the
free world. Students at the Freedom Acad-
emy would be trained not only to defeat
Communist offensives of all kinds, but also
to replace their tactics with positive sub-
stitutes designed to obtain our own polit-
teal objectives and to establish free socie-
ties wherever possible.
To my mind, the establishment of a Free-
dom Academy provides our people with an
imaginative avenue in which to answer our
late President's call to service. One of
President Kennedy's greatest contributions
in his all too short term was his sincere
effort to make the American people aware
of the complexity of the many problems
which face our country, both at home and
abroad. and to show us that the solutions
to these problems are not to be found in
,simple, "pat" answers. In looking at this
proposal, to create a Freedom Academy, one
of Its most important assets is its recogni-
tion of the need to make the American
people more aware of the dangers of com-
munism-to give us a greater understanding
of the goals and the modus operandi of
communism, so that we can be fully pre-
pared to meet their challenge. Further, the
Freedom Academy would utilize the much-
neglected private sector of our country's
extensive human resources. Like the $11.6
billion tax cut bill which soon will become
law, this bill provides a One way to engage
actively the private citizens of our country
in direct participation against the world-
wide Communist conspiracy. In the private
segment of American society, there 1s a large
reservoir of unused talent. Ingenuity and wis-
doal which can, and should be, harnessed for
active service in the continuing cold war.
A prime example of making productive use
of private citizens In the ideological and psy-
chological struggle against communism is
to be found in active operation today in my
home city of New Orleans. La. I speak of
the Information Council of the Americas,
directed by Mr. Edward S. Butler M. of New
Orleans. Dr. Alton Ochsner, a world-famous
surgeon from my home city, is doing a fine
'job as president of this Information council.
Under the leadership of Mr. Butter, as exec-
utive director. Inca was established In New
Orleans in early 1961, with the aid and sup-
port of some of the city's leading citizens,
including Mayor Victor H. Schlro. Since
then. Inca has waged an incessant campaign
of anti-Communist and prodemocratic in-
formation to the peoples of Latin America
through all types of communications me-
dia--radio, television, newspapers, magazines,
speeches, leaflets, and so on.
Particularly have Inca's "Truth Tapes"
radio programs been effectively directed to
the people of Latin America. Today mem-
bers of Inca include businessmen, profes-
stonal men, educators, farm leaders, journal-
ists and others from 17 different States in
our country. These citizens have provided
solid support for the "Truth Tapes" pro-
grams, which feature Cuban refugees who
have escaped from the oppression of Castro's
dictatorship. These Americans present In
these broadcasts proof of the lies to be found
In Communist propaganda and Communist
actions.
After 3 years of intensive effort. Inca now
send regularly Its "Truth Tapes" programs
to 129 stations in 16 different Latin Ameri-
can countries. Mr. Butler has told me that
a total of 17 stations In Venezuela used these
"Truth Tapes" prior to the recent general
election as a means to help counteract the
agitation of Communist agents, who were
trying to terrorize the people and keep them
from the polls. These tapes were played
over and over again, on and before election
day; and the Venezuelan broadcasters told
Mr. Butler that.they were most effective in
countering the terrorist tactics of the Com-
munist agents. As you know, about 97 per-
cent of the electorate voted in that election,
despite the attempts to frighten them by
Communist agents.
In his work, Mr. Butler has utilized the
services and talents of journalists, enter-
tainers. engineers, technicians, and others
in INCA'sefforts against thespreadof com-
munism in Latin America. He has received
cooperation and support from both the gov-
ernmental and private sectors of our society,
and he has proved the validity of using the
energy and talents of private citizens of our
country to combat communism.
At this point, I would say that INCA
and Mr. Edward Butler and his staff are
doing a fine job-but the task in Latin
America alone is herculean, and INCA and
other similar such organizations cannot do
It alone. They need the assistance and the
direction for a broader, nationwide anti-
Communist training program to come from
the national government-to come from
the Congress and the executive, but at the
same time, to be established on the basis
of utilizing to the fullest possible extent
the wealth of human resources from all seg-
ments of American society.
When I say such organizations as INCA
cannot do this massive job alone, I have
only to point out that today there are in
Latin America an estimated 285,000 to 300,-
000 members of the Communist Party-most
of them trained in all manner of non-
military and military conflict techniques,
then sent back to their own countries to
foment revolution. _
Against this formidable array, our own
U.S. Information Agency has less than 1,000
officers and staffers in all of Latin America.
I would sum up by stating that the estab-
lishment of a Freedom Academy as proposed
in my bill provides a splendid avenue for
Americans from all walks of life to join di-
rectly in the cold war battle with vigor and
imagination. It provides our countrymen
with the direct opportunity to answer this
call to service enunciated so well by Presi-
dent Kennedy. It will give them a construc-
tive and positive way to do-to act-in the
service of our country and of free men every-
where,
It is true that we have signed a nuclear
test ban treaty, with the Soviet Union, but
this treaty should not lull us into any false
sense of security or into a sense of maintain-
ing the status quo. The leaders in the Krem-
lin know full well the devastating power of
destruction locked in the nuclear weapons
which we and they have for instantaneous
use. But these men are still bent on world
domination, and they can be expected to in-
crease their political warfare around the
world. The test ban treaty by no means will
lessen the Communist offensive in the cold
war. On the contrary. I believe their tactics
of agitation, subversion, propaganda, espi-
onage, and others will be stepped up.
Thus, the United States should expect and
prepare for an intensified drive of vital
political warfare by the Communist move-
ment. What is needed in our country to
counteract and drive back this Communist
offensive, and also foster the establishment
of democratic societies, is a totality of ef-
fort by our National Government, with the
aid of private citizens, as well as Government
personnel, from all segments of our society,
The Freedom Academy will provide the best
avenue, the best means, to engender this to-
tality of effort against communism-a total-
ity of effort by citizens from both the public
and private sectors of American society.
Thank you.
(From the Clarion Herald, Oct. 10, 1963]
CONGRESSMAN WARNS OF APATHY rN WAKE OF
NucLzsa Tsar TREATY
(NOTE.-A Freedom Academy, proposed by
Congressman HALE Boccs, of New Orleans, is
gaining bipartisan support in Congress.
The House Democratic whip, in this special
article written for the Clarion Herald, out-
lines the proposal and warns that the Rus-
aiana are far ahead of the United States In
the program of winning men by political
propaganda tactics.)
(By Congressman HALE BOGGs)
WASHINGTON.-With its constitutional au-
thority and responsibility to render advice
and consent on all proposed treaties with
other nations, the U.S. Senate has ratified by
overwhelming majority the nuclear test ban
treaty to prohibit the testing of nuclear
weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space,
and under water.
This Is a historic, positive step-albeit
a small one along an arduous journey-to-
wards safeguarding the world from the
horrors of nuclear devastation. To date,
more than 100 countries have signed this
Important treaty, and all Americans, I
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 1964 Approved Feb%"gSI81vfL/ ELV L~DPffa 6R000600090041-2 X533
know, hope that its acceptance will prove my bill to establish a Freedom Academy will WATER, of Arizona; BOURKE IIICKENLOOPER, Of
to be permanent, and that it will lead to-
w~vaard further concrete"steps for achieving
l 44 maintaining world peace.
However, ?"believe that this positive ac-
tion to' prevent a nuclear holocaust should,
at the same time, engender from our Gov-
ernnient e our people new and renewed
efforts to provide further safeguards, and
counterthrusts, too, against the nonmilitary
threat of'the Sino-doviet "Communist bloc.
Why do I suggest 'that 'America needs a
renewed effort to counterattack the nonmili-
tary offensive of"the Soviet and Red Chinese
Governments-an offensive designed to drug
men's minds and imprison them in the Com-
munist orbit?
The leac)ersin the Kremlin today are cog-
nizant of the superior military strength of
the United. States and its allies, and also of
the sweeping potential of the nuclear weap-
Ons which their country and ours now possess
for instantaneous use.
For these reasons, the Communist world
leaders, still bent on world domination by the
best available m ans, can be expected to step
up their nonmilitary tactics to expand their
control over the globe. The test ban treaty
by no means will lessen the Communist of-
fensive in the cold war; on the contrary, their
weapons of propaganda, Infiltration, agita-
tion, subversion, espionage, plus all manner
of economic and psychological attacks, un-
doubtedly will be increased. In short, the
United States should expect and prepare for
an intensified drive of total political war-
fare.
Today the Soviet Union Is operating an es-
timated 6,000 special schools to train Russian
Communist Party members and Communist
agents from nations around the world in the
tactics .of infiltration, propaganda, subver-
sion, sabotage, and other means. Approxi-
mately $5 billion a year is being spent to
train these Communist agents to engage in
all kinds of political, nonmilitary warfare, in
all parts of the world. The Soviets are old
hands at political warfare, and today grad-
ustes of their special schools are staffing some
75 Communist parties in nations through-
out the non-Communist world.
Let no one deceive himself that the leaders
in the Kremlin and in Peiping will be satisfied
To increase our country's vigilance and
to provide a concentrated avenue of counter-
attack against the nonmilitary thrusts of
the Communist conspiracy, I am sponsoring
legislation before the Congress to establish a
Freedom Academy, designed to train Ameri-
cans from both,the public and the private
sectors to learn and utilize the tactics of total
political warfare in order to defeat the Com-
munists at their own game.
Such a Freedom Academy would be an in-
dependent agency of the Government, and
would provide to trainees research, develop-
ment, and practical application in all non-
military conflict techniques.
The unique advantage of this Freedom
Academy over. any existing governmental
training schools is that it would give this
specialized training not only to governmental
personnel `from C the various agencies, but
also to private citizens- of our country and
from throughout the free world. The stu-
dents at, the Freedom Academy would be
trained not, only to defeat Communist of-
fensives of all kinds, but also to replace their
tactics with .positive substitutes to obtain
our own political objectives and to establish
free societies wherever possible.
As I view., this legislation, One of its most
important assets is its recognition of the need
to give the American people a greater aware-
ness and , understanding of communism and
Its goals, and further, to utilize the much-
neglected private sector of our extensive hu-
man resources, 'Like the tax cut bill which
has now passed the House of Representatives,
country in direct participation against the
Communist conspiracy. In the private seg-
ment of America, as opposed to the public
or Government segment, there. is a large res-
ervoir of unused talent, ingenuity, and wis-
dom which can, and should, be harnessed for
active service in the continuing cold war.
Today in New Orleans, a prime example of
making constructive use of our private citi-
zens in the ideological and psychological
struggle against communism is found in the
Information Council of the Americas (INCA),
Orleans. freedom can be provided for the United
Under the leadership of Mr. Butler, INCA States and the free world.
as established in New Orleans in early 1981
,
w
with the aid and support of some of the city's
leading citizens. 'Since then, INCA has
waged an incessant campaign of anti-Com-
munist and prodemocratic in formation
through all communications media-radio,
television, newspapers, magazines, leaflets,
lectures, speeches, and other means.
Particularly have INCA's "Truth Tapes"
radio programs been directed effectively to
the peoples of Latin America, especially those
in Cuba under the Communist heel of Cas-
tro's regime. Members of INCA include busi-
inessmen, professional men, educators, farm
leaders, journalists, and others from
throughout the United States; they have
provided solid support for the half-hour
"Truth Tape" programs which feature Cuban
refugees who have escaped from the oppres-
sion of Castro's dictatorship, and noted
sports and entertainment personalities.
These loyal Americans present in their broad-
casts proof of lies to be found in Communist
propaganda and Communist actions.
On his staff, Mr. Butler has utilized the
services and talents of journalists, entertain-
ers, engineers, technicians, and others in
INCA's counterthrust efforts against the
spread of communism in Latin America.
From both the governmental and private sec-
tors of our community, Mr. Butler has re-
ceived cooperation and support, and by his
work he has proved the validity of using the
energies and talents of private citizens of our
country to combat communism, particularly
in the Western Hemisphere. .
As proposed in my bill, the Freedom Acad-
emy will be under the direction of the Free-
dom Commission, to be composed of six
members and a Chairman. The Commisison-
ers will be appointed by the President, with
the advice and consent of the Senate, and
they will serve for terms of 6 years. Fur-
thermore, no more than four Commissioners
may be members of any one political party.
This legislation to establish a Freedom
Academy also outlines general guidelines and
regulations for selecting both private Amer-
ican citizens and foreign students to attend
the school, and provides for proper security
checks for both Commission employees and
students. The bill provides for the hiring
of a qualified general manager for the Acad-
emy, as well as for other professional and
administrative personnel.
The uniqueness of such an Academy will
be that it will provide a single center at
which all nonmilitary tactics and techniques
'against Sino-Soviet communism can be de-
veloped and utilized to the fullest extent
throughout the free world. It will give both
public and private citizens a direct oppor-
tunity to join in the cold war with vigor,
imagination, and skill.
I am proud to note that this legislation
has widespread and bipartisan support in the
Congress; Congressman A. SYDNEY HERLONG,
JR., of Florida, has joined me In sponsoring
this bill in the House. In the Senate, 13
Senators who are members of both political
parties also are sponsoring this legislation:
CLIFFORD CASE, Of New Jersey; THOMAS
DODD, of Connecticut; PAUL DOUGLAS, of Illi-
nois; HIRAM FONG, of Hawaii; BARRY GOLD-
Iowa; KENNETH KEATING, of New York; FRANK
LAuscHE, of Ohio; JACK MILLER, of Iowa; KARL
MUNDT, of South Dakota (principal sponsor
In the Senate); WILLIAM PRoxMIRE, of Wis-
consin; HUGH SCOTT, of Pennsylvania; and
GEORGE SMATHERS, of Florida.
The creation of a Freedom Academy also
has received support from throughout our
country from various civic and governmental
organizations. Thus far, the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee has held hearings this
year on the legislation, and I am most hope-
"A MAN'S MAN"-TRIBUTE TO HON.
OLIN E. TEAGUE
(Mr. PURCELL (at the request of Mr.
ROBERT$ of Texas) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, those of
us who have known and served in the
Congress with the Honorable OLIN E.
TEAGUE, of Texas, have been well aware of
his deep dedication to service of his coun-
try. It is for this reason that I was very
happy to see an article about "TIGER"
TEAGUE in the March 1964 issue of VFW
magazine. The article is titled "A Man's
Man."
It tells of Congressman TEAGUE's out-
standing military record, a record
equaled by very few men in the history
of our Nation. It also tells of his friend-
ship to veterans, exemplified by the
number of veterans' benefits bills which
bear his name. As chairman of the
House Committee on Veterans' Affairs,
he has consistently led the fights to see
that our veterans. of military service are
properly recognized, and that they ob-
tain benefits consistent with the service
they have rendered.
I would urge all veterans to read this
article, and to become aware of the con-
tributions he has made to the Nation:
A MAN'S MAN
(By Joseph J. Jacoby)
Invincible valor displayed on the battle-
fields of Europe reveals itself in the firm-
ness of spirit one American shows in his
fight against today's political monstrosities.
Ex-Soldier Congressman OLIN E. TEAGUE-
an almost legendary figure during World
War II-came home in 1945 to a bloodied
but victorious America. The war was fin-
ished but there remained much to do to get
the country back on the move.
Today, still battle scarred, Congressman
TEAGUE stands more resolute than ever in
his peacetime efforts on behalf of the coun-
try he helped to defend with a gun.
Legislators of long service possess keen
admiration for TEAGUE's fighting heart. The
nickname tagged on him in boyhood Okla-
homa "TIGER," is aptly set on this dauntless
public servant.
The Honorable OLIN E. TEAGUE bears the
distinction of having authored more vet-
erans' benefits legislation than any other
man who has ever served in the Congress
of the United States.
It was while he chaired the select com-
mittee of the 82d Congress-proving the
shortcomings of the World War II GI bill of
rights-that TEAGUE was able to draw up and
actually sponsor the Korean war veterans
bill now known as Public Law 550.
Credit for the war orphans education and
training program also goes to the Congress-
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man from Texas Sixth District. Since the
84th Congress, the dynamic Taeoua has
headed up the highly important Committee
On Veterans' Affairs. This committee super-
vim the complexities of the veterans pro-
ggrrams, rated the third most costly Federal
budget expenditure.
Noble and demonstrating self-forgetful de-
Votion, Congressman TEAGua deserves the
plaudits of thousands and thousands of
Americans,
"Tzsmjz, the greatest friend the veterans
of America have ever had," is perhaps one of
the most accurate gages of this wartime
hero who Is devoting a lifetime to his fellow
man.
His record on behalf of veterans is unsur-
passed. He has the courage of his convic-
tions to speak for fairness for everyone and
Is regarded as a man's man who spends end-
less hours battling waste and abuse, not
only In the veterans' program, but In all
governmental budgets.
"Txosa" TEAuvs is a watchdog for all the
people and his votes are unerringly sound
as he demonstrates interest in all facets of
the Federal Government.
Regarded as one of the most able legisla-
tors on the Washington scene, TeACUx enjoys
the enviable reputation of always putting
the welfare of the United States above per-
sonal gain or fame.
A rare person, forthright and unintimi-
dated, TEAUua has not only accomplished
tremendous efforts on behalf of the coun-
try`s veterans, but, he has saved untold
millions for taxpayers, by closely scrutiniz-
ing, probing, unmasking unnecessary Iee&~ss
lation, and the other drains of the Oovefn-
ment's coffers.
It is interesting to learn the fact that most
Members of Congress do not author over
three or four public laws In their entire
congressional career. Probably there is no
other Member serving in Congress who has
authored more than one or two veterans'
benefits bills.
Tseavz'a record of sponsored legislation
(and enacted into law)-beginning with the
82d Congress and up to the 88th Congress-
Is an overwhelming memorial to the men
and women who answered the call of their
country in all the wars.
Veterans in small towns and rural areas,
living In homes purchased through direct
loans made by the VA, can credit TLAUux
for such proud home ownership. He was
one of the principal sponsors 9f the bill.
TEAAauE's efforts In Congress brought into
reality the VA codification bills, which rank
today as one of the greatest and most im-
portant administrative undertakings in
modern times, insofar as the VA law is
concerned.
The Texas Congressman also went on rec-
ord as the principal supporter of the Vet-
erans' Administration hospital system. He
stanchly .spearheaded the plan which ulti-
mately brought about a long-range modern-
ization and repair program costing over a
billion dollars.
His firmness blocked, on three occasions,
attempts to curtail the VA medical budget.
Remember the shocking World War II GI
school scandals?, TEAUua. served as chair-
man of an Investigating subcommittee which
cleared up the fly-by-night, get-rich-quick
schemers who duped GI's to get at Govern-
ment moneys.
Congressman TEAGuE continued his post-
war attack against any who would pry open
the public purse to lilt their filthy pockets.
Case in point: Tzscuz directed the select
committee which brought into the national
spotlight the 01 housing scandals and then
followed up with punitive measures dealing
with dishonest building contractors. The law
also established the necessity for a warranty
protecting GI buyers.
The plucky Congressman is also outstand-
ing for his authorization of the current pen-
sion law. This piece of legislation created
eligibility for millions of World War II widows
not previously eligible for aid.". Additionally,
the bill established the foundation for pen-
sion boosts for about 700,000 veterans and
widows In the lowest income brackets most
in need of aid.
"Ticsa" TTAous also wrote H.R. 8009,
rated certainly as the most significant vet-
erans bill presented in this year's Congress.
This bill, which would provide nursing care
for elderly veterans, has already passed the
House and is under consideration in the Sen-
ate. H.B. 8009 has the blessings of the
VFW and has earned strong support from
the convention floor. This legislation is
especially significant to World War I vet-
erans
Ti:AUuz's philosophies at Capitol Hill con-
tain the fine line of compassion. For ex-
ample, he feels quite strongly that priority
goes to service-connected disabled veterans,
with service-connected widows and children.
and dependent parents next on the list. The
Veterans hospital program is next.
The tough-minded Congressman also offers
the view that the non-service-connected
medical benefits are regarded as the most
important of the non-service-connected ben-
efits program. The reason is simple. It gives
a veteran help when needed-when he is
sick.
It Is this priority system, however, that has
placed Congressman Tsaoux in line for sodie
criticism.
He and his committee have rejected the
philosophy of general across-the-board pen-
sions for World War I veterans and are espe-
cially critical of efforts to gain signatures on
a discharge petition.
The VFW is supporting H.R. 33, mandated
at the Seattle convention last year and in-
troduced by Past Commander in Chief Ricis-
Asa L. RouoEsvsu, Republican, of Indiana.
The bill calls for a separate and liberal pen-
sion program for World War I veterans. This
bill calls for an extra 10 percent for oversew
veterans,
As an alternative, the VFW also supports
H.R. 9610, which would liberalize Public
Law 86-211, which covers the present pen-
sion program.
Past experience indicates that the Texas
Congressman will support that legislation
which he deems best for the veterans, de-
spite what others might think.
CODES OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIA-
TION OF BROADCASTERS
(Mr. PURCELL (at the request of Mr.
Ronnn's of Texas) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, during
the recent debate on H.R. 8316 opponents
of the legislation made several comments
about the Codes of the National Associa-
tion of Broadcasters which I believe were
in error and should be corrected. In one
instance it was implied that 18 minutes
out of every hour could be used for
broadcasting advertisements on radio
stations. The present radio code does
not permit 18 minutes every hour, but
rather it states:
In no event shall the maximum exceed 18
minutes In any single hour.
The fact of the matter is that although
a number of single hours can contain 18
minutes, the average hour over a period
of 1 week must not exceed 14 minutes of
commercial matter.
000600090041-2 March 9
It was also stated that both the NAB
Radio and Television Codes have become
progressively more liberal in the amount
of time subscribing stations may devote
to advertising matter. An examination
of the time standards in the radio code
will reveal that if anything they have
been tightened up rather than relaxed.
During the early days of the radio code
the ceiling on announcement-type pro-
grams was 14 minutes an hour, which is
the present average-hour ceiling. And
for a period of some 7 years prior to May
1, 1961, there was no limitation whatso-
ever on the number of spot announce-
ments which could be carried for differ-
ent advertisers.
As an example of the restrictive
changes made in the television code, it
was formerly possible for a television sta-
tion during evening hours to carry a total
of 16 minutes and 20 seconds of com-
mercial matter in announcement-type
programs. The present code now limits
a subscriber to 10 minutes and 20 seconds
for a given evening hour, a reduction of
6 minutes in the amount of allowable
commercial copy.
It was also alleged during this debate
that subscribers to the Radio and Televi-
sion Code do not comply with the limi-
tations imposed on commercial matter.
The facts clearly refute such a charge.
With respect to radio, the NAB Code
Authority In its latest effort to deter-
mine the extent of adherence to the time
standards, monitored 27,000 hours on 700
radio stations. Of the total hours moni-
tored less than 2 percent were in excess
of the code maximum, including those
stations which exceeded the maximum
by error.
During the year 1963 virtually all sub-
scribers to the television code-96 per-
cent-were monitored. Of the stations
reviewed, 85 percent showed that they
were conforming to the time standards.
The remaining 15 percent when advised
of discrepancies by the code authority,
either made appropriate changes to
bring their operations into conformity
with the code or resigned.
The above figures convince me that
the broadcasting industry is making a
diligent, sincere and effective effort to
regulate the amount of broadcast adver-
tisements being carried on radio and tel-
evision stations. To me it is unfortu-
nate that unsupported allegations dis-
paraging this commendable industry ef-
fort have been made.
To the charge that passage of this bill
will result in substantially more com-
mercials on the air, let me quote LeRoy
Collins, president of the National Asso-
ciation of Broadcasters, who stated after
the vote had been taken:
This was a very significant expression of
confidence In our broadcasters. It is no sig-
nal to relax. To the contrary it Is a clear
mandate In support of efforts to make the
NAB Code program more effective as an in-
strument of self-regulation In the public in-
terest.
I am confident that the industry will
further strengthen and broaden this pro-
gram of self-regulation in the best in-
terests of the listening and viewing pub-
lic.
Thank you, Mr. Speaker.
Approved For Release 2007/03/02 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000600090041-2