U.S. POLICY IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120024-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2003
• Sequence Number: 24
• Publication Date: May 19, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

10558 Approved For RelifilmangsM May 19, 1965AGIA-ftEftfpflOWM0500120024-8
LEGISLATION DESIGNED TO ESTAB-
LISH A FEDERAL MURDER LAW
TO ACHIEVE -APPROPRIATE JUS-
TICE AND VERDIerfl IN THE TRIAL
OF PERSONS CHARGED WrIll
MURDER OF CIVIL RIGHTS
WORKERS ?
(Mr. ROSENTHAL asked and was
given permission; to address .the House
for 1 minute andterevise and extend his
remarks.)? ? -
Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speakers I
ant today submitting legislation designed
to establish a Federal Murder law with
the purpose. .0ealing. with one, of the
Most disturbing Pnenactalliv 11.1e ..the 00n-
duct ,of American 4111111PretleAlee-s-tne
failure to achieve appropriate Judie, and
verdicts in the trial ? of those charged
with the commission of ;murder of civil
rights workers.
The last -decade bas-seen sevest Major
murders of Negro and white civil rights
workers in the South, and although over-
whelming evidence of. guilt was streamed
by law enforcement ofileials. none of
those so charged has been found guilty.
Innumerable other unreported Or less
publicized murders have been committed
In the absence of the threat of meaning-
ful prosecution.
It is my ,hope ,that the legislation r
am today proposing will elicit from the
House a full hearing and the gnat am,
ewer to this unacceptable denial of jus-
tice, These miscarriages of justice
demonstrate the need tor a Federal
murder stotute, as did the Lindbergh
tragedy ,dramatize ? the amenity for a
Federal kidnapping eternte.
The meentenaniee of equal Protection
of the law, and Use right. otull, citizens
of the United States:to expect the un-
obstructed. exercise Kat, initial in every
city and stateot theUnion should be un.
questioned. If local law enforcement is
inadequste. or unwilling to meet this re-
sponsibility, then the Federal Govern-
ment must, In the last analysis, take
action.
My bill would provide that _murder or
manslaughter, or the attempt thereof.
committed by or upon any person who
has travelled oris travelling in interstate
commerce would be a Federal offense and
therefore subject to the. jurisdiction of
the Federal authorities. It is my ex-
pectation that the Federal judicial sys-
tem will provide a mechanism far freer
from local color and bias than has been
offered by the States. Federal constitu-
tional guarantees will be afforded to
those accused of murder and man-
slaughter, while the community at large
will derive comfort from knowing that
the /selections of Federal Judges and
Juries are more attuned to rendering fair
Justice than to satisfying local prej-
udices.
The enactment of this legislation, and
the resultant likelihood of Increasing the
number of convictions in murder and
manslaughter cases, where such convic-
tions are mandated by the evidence, will
serve as a deterrent to those who seek to
defeat compliance with Federal civil
rights statutes.
Mr. Speaker, in my judgment, it is
irttable that local law enforcement
has so miserably failed in the preserva-
tion of the rights of all citizens of the
United States, making it necessary that
century old legal concepts have to be
*hanged. But, If we are to remain a free
and democratic society, then changed
ther roust be, ./10 I /
s?
-
ENDOEU3.13211124T AND SUPPORT OF
THE,FORZION POLICY or PRESI-
DENT LYNDorr B. JOHNSON
.(21r,? MORRIS asked and was given
Permission to address the House for' I
minute. to revise and extend his re-
marks and to include a resolution.)
Mr. MORRIS. me Speaker, unlike
some at my colleagues who have spoken
on the Muse floor todaY, r hart? that
we do have a policy in foreign affairs. I
believe ,that we do bays friende abroad
andI believe. thet, the President of the
United BOOM is implementing this poi-
icy. ,
(Mr. Speaker, ,an May 16 of thia year.
the Democratic State executive com-
mittee met in Santa Fe, N. Mex. This
00mmittee. le composed of 82 county
ellairMen throughout the State of New
Minim They Peened a resolution
unanimously endorsing this Govern-
ment's.position in foreign affairs, our
foreign Policy hi southeast Asia, with
0Peolfie reference to Vietnam and our
foreign policsin Latin America with spa-
side reference to the case of the Domini-
can Republic.
Mr, Speaker, I include in my remarks
the resolution to which I have referred.
. The resolUtion referred to follows:
stssourrsow ,
'where'll the kvelin Policies of the United
Statee are of paramount concern - to all
Americana and to the tree world and didee
policies presented by President Lyndon. B.
Johnson. are designed to maintain and con-
dam freedom and liberty tor nations
throughout the world:. and
Whereas the policy of the United Mates
and the cominitanents made in southeast
Asie, such as those in South Vietnam, and
similar arms ars for the purview of insuring
filmdom In that part of the world; and
Mums the United States under. Prescient
Johnson has maintained and ietenatise its
policy to keep the nations at Latin America
fres from the shackles of International com-
munism particularly with the current pol-
icy in the Dominican ItsPeldle: Now,
therefore. be It
Resolved by the Democratic PartitIo/ the
Stale of New Maria, and the coon Chair-
man, meeting in Sento Fe, on this irth dog
of May an, po hereby endorse and vlsor-
01101Y support the foreign policy of pr Prod-
dant, Lyndon B. Johnson, pertioularly in re-
gard to South Vietnam and the Dominican
Republie, and do dedicate ourselvee to the
furtherance of that policy for the benefit or
an people* or the world who love, desire, and
hold precious freedom.
TURMOIL IN rropuerrrty?rxtraz
TAX GOOF
(Mr. HALL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HALL Mr. Speaker, on Monday
of this week. the President sent to Con-
gress a message dealing with the removal
or certain emergency excite taxes. I
feel certain the Congress Will enact major
legislation along thews lines, as many or
us in the Congress have been urging for
years.
But. I am distressed. Ur. Speaker, that
tho President has been the recipient of
/name extremely poor 'dotal which al-
ready is causing turmoil In certain indus-
tries. I refer to the Proposed effective
date of certain of these tax reductions.
For example, the excise tax reductions on
automobiles would take erect on May 14,
the date of the President's Message to the
Congress. The PurPose, obviously, is to
Prevent an abrupt curtailment of auto
purchases by persons who, quite logically,
would otherwise wait untl the tax rielac-
tion becomes effective.
. But, for many 'witness Machineii the
effective date would not become effective
until July 1. I am advised this morning
by one of the industries with Plant loca-
tions In southwest Missonris that they are
being flooded with cancellation or de-
terra/ orders from clients who, quite
logically, do not want to he Denallaed 10
percent in the purchase, pride of expen-
sive me.chinery. Much of it costing as
much or more as a new automobile. This
is in an area where 2- to 3-percent di.-
counts are often sought A 2-or 3-week
lag might be tolerable, but not the 7-
week lag. which May cense many layoffs
and disruption of prodUction. ls Intoler-
able. Even though the Comment may
ultimately make an earlier retroactive
date, it will be too late because of the
present climate generated by the Presi-
dent's message, and reportorial services
I hope the President will take imme-
diate action- to correct this oversight by
recommending an earlier effective date
on' removal of excise taxes at least on
business machines.
BISHOP WILLIAM P. CRE/GHTON
(Mr. GOODELL caked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I rise
today with great reluctanoe. but I believe
the time has come for those of us in public
life to express a word at caution to a
revered and respected group in our? so-
ciety. I speak of Wheys and other teem
who are rightly concerned with all hu-
man problems and committed to alleviat-
ing human suffering.
Yesterday a respected leader of my
church, Bishop William P. Creighton,
spoke with passion, and I fear a trace of
malice, about one of our colleagues in the
other body representing the State of West
Virginia. I do not question BIshoP
Creighton's right?yes. his obligation?to
speak earnestly and forthrightly about
public problems. I do question the pro-
priety of a man of the cloth apparently
attacking motives and integrity, and in
this case even implying lack of any hu-
man compassion in a respected public
official who happens to differ with him.
I often disagree with the gentleman from
West Virginia myself, and I happen to in
this case with reference to welfare policy.
I regret, however, to read Bishop
Creighton's characterisation Of our c01-
league and I quote:
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May 19, 1965
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CONGRESSIONAL
will be free to participate. It is only when
the Congress takes these actions that the
political forces in the South that are op-
posed to Negro voting will understand that
Congress and the Nation are serious about
guaranteeing the rights of Negroes to fully
participate in the processes of Government.
Recognizing this the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee stands ready to
commit the major portion of its organiza-
tional resources and energies to the support
of this challenge during the next 2 months.
We plan to use our organizing staff in
Mississippi to support the voter registration
drives, mass rallies and political demonstra-
tions called for by the local community lead-
ers of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic
Party. Our offices and support organizations
in the North are working with other orga-
nizations in the northern communities to
publicize the challenge and garner congres-
sional support from these communities. We
are at present recruiting 2,000 students and
young people to convene in Washington in
June for the purpose of engaging in lobby-
ing and educational workshops around this
challenge. These young people engaged in
the Washington lobby will disperse, some to
Mississippi to participate in activities there
and others will return to their home com-
munities to organize activities directed to
local Congressmen. This activity will be in
support of unseating the Mississippians and
calling for free elections in Mississippi.
SNCC stands ready to support with all its
organizational resources, both North and
South, any call that comes from the NIFDP
and its allies for a national mobilization of
people in Washington.
STATEMENT BY LAWRENCE dlrY0T, CHAIRMAN,
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, MISSISSIPPI FREE-.
DOM DEMOCRATIC PARTY, WASHINGTON, D.C.,
MAY 17, 1965
Today the Mississippi Freedom Democratic
Party is submitting to the Clerk of the
House of Representatives more than 600
depositions of evidence taken in Mississippi
condlusively proving that the 5 Congress-
men from that State were elected by pro-
cesses violating the Constitution of the
United States and the political rights of over
400,000 Negroes in Mississippi. These dep-
ositions of evidence were collected by lawyers
acting in behalf of the 1VIPDP in support of
the challenges we have instituted to the
seating of the Congressmen from that State
under title 2, section 201-26, of the United
States Code.
OFFICIAL PARTICIPATION OF STATE ACTIIORITIES
IN NEGRO DISENFRANCHISEMENT
This testimony is not only the statements
of hundreds of Negroes in the State describ-
ing shootings, private acts of intimidation
such as bombings, beatings, evictions, and
dismissals from jobs which they suffered for
attempting to register. It also includes con-
clusive evidence of officially perpetrated and
inspired harassment, the admission of State
officials of their own participation in or-
ganized racism, and illustrates the close ties
and overlapping interests between such or-
ganizations as the White Citizens' Councils
and the State administration in depriving
Negroes of the right to vote,
Mr. Earl Johnson, Jr., director of the tax-
supported Mississippi Sovereignty Commis-
sion, admitted under oath that as of Janu-
ary 1 of this year $193,000 drawn from public
funds had been given by that agency to the
White Citizens' Council. Richard Morphew,
public relations director for the citizens'
councils admitted to having received the
money and testified that, "the first major
accomplishment and the first project un-
dertaken by the councils on a State level was
the passage Of the (Mississippi) constitu-
tional .amendment to raise voter qualifica-
tions in Mississippi." Mr. Morphew testi-
U.S. POLIk IN THE DOMINICAN
RECORD ? HOUSE 10557
fled that "it was not uncommon for a great
many people in public life in Mississippi to
be proud of their membership in the coun-
cil," and that Congressmen WHITTEN, COL-
MER, and WILLIAMS "participated in citizens'
council forums," and that to the best of his
recollection Governor Johnson is a member.
Over 100 depositions of local Negroes and
voter registration workers document the
patterns of intimidation and terror suffered
by Negroes seeking to vote. Mrs. Aylene
Quinn, of Macomb, testified that her house
was bombed after she sheltered voter regis-
tration workers and attempted to register.
The bombers were released with suspended
sentences. George Johnson a law student
working on voter registration in Greenwood
testified that police officers threatened him
with castration while he was in custody at
the jail.
In making these depositions, amounting to
over 15,000 pages of evidence the Negro peo-
ple of Mississippi have again come forward
to risk reprisals of violence and terror, How-
ever, these depositions, formally signed and
witnessed are an incontroverable body of
evidence proving that the general elections
of November 1964 in Mississippi were uncon-
stitutional. They prove that the conditions
described by President Johnson on March 15,
"The harsh fact is that in many places in this
country men and women are kept from voting
simply because they are Negroes. Every device
of which human ingenuity, is capable has
been used to deny that right," applies very
specifically to Mississippi.
RESPONSIBILITY PLACED WITH HOUSE
The submission of this evidence and the
filing of a final legal brief completes the legal
aspects of the challenges. We have made
enough evidence available to the Congress
to convince any reasonable and unbiased
panel. We now call upon the Clerk of the
House, the Subcommittee on Elections of the
Committe on House Administration and the
Members of Congress to act swiftly to insure
that the House of Representatives has a full
opportunity to examine the evidence and
charges brought in these challenges at any
early date.
There are, for example, a number of deposi-
tions which are being inexplicably held up
by white notary publics and hearing officers
in Mississippi. In these cases we are sub-
mitting duplicates of all statements which
are still unsigned by the Mississippi officials
with receipts showing that the hearing of-
ficer is in possession of the originals, which
have not been sent back as the statute pro-
vides. We urge the Clerk to proceed with all
subsequent steps of the challenge.
CHALLENGE ENTERS NEW PHASE?NATIONAL
ACTION PROGRAM BEGINS
After today the progress of this challenge
will be at the pace imposed by the internal
machinery of the House. The Mississippi
Freedom Democratic Party is presently en-
gaged in taking the issue to the Nation. With
the support and assistance of major organ-
izations within the civil rights movement?
the Southern Christian Leadership Con-
ference, the Congress of Racial Equality, the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commit-
tee, and others we are currently engaged in
discussion to formulate a program of action
In the North and the South. Mr. James
Farmer, of CORE, and Mr. John Lewis, of
SNCC, are present to discuss this further.
On April 24 a conference was held in Wash-
ington to begin the national effort in the
north. In addition to the civil rights organ-
izations there were representation from 40
civic, religious and labor organizations from
90 States. Action is now being taken to
bring to Washington delegations from these
States to bring the issue of the challenge to
Congressmen from the various areas. This
effort will culminate in a national convoca-
tion in Washington during July.
REPUBLIC
(Mr. FRASER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I have
been a strong supporter of the foreign
policy of the United States. I believe
that in general, since World War II the
United States has pursued the most en-
lightened, farsighted policies which have
been followed by any major power in
history.
Our Government has made mistakes
along the way. No government posses-
sing the power and the responsibilities
which accrue to the United States will
always act wisely.
I believe that today the U.S. Govern-
ment is making one of those mistakes
in its current posture in the Dominican
Republic. Moreover, I fear this mistake
to be among the most serious since the
end of World War II. Today we have
over 15,000 marines in the Dominican
Republic who are standing idly by while
hundreds of persons are being killed in
a dispute between two factions. The ulti-
mate resolution of this conflict by force
bodes no good for the people of that un-
fortunate island.
We stand helplessly by without a policy
and without support from among our,
friends in the free world. It is my con-
sidered judgment that present events
are inexorably leading to the destruction
of the spirit and substance of the OAS.
Our moral position in international af-
fairs is being seriously undermined, and
our lack of effectiveness dramatically dis-
played for all the world to see.
Mr. Speaker, last Monday on the floor
of this House I called upon our Govern-
ment to announce its support for a refer-
endum to be conducted by the OAS or
by the United Nations as a substitute for
the needless killing now going on.
Today I renew my plea. It is my con-
sidered judgment that the United States
must take two immediate steps. First,
it should directly intervene In the cur-
rent fighting and interpose a barrier be-
tween the two sides. Second, it should
announce that U.S. forces will be utilized
in the Dominican Republic for the sole
purpose of permitting the people of the
Dominican Republic to decide which of
the contending factions it prefers to
serve as an interim government. We
should announce our intention to abide
by that choice, and we should ask the
OAS or the United Nations to establish
the procedures for carrying out such a
referendum.
Mr. Speaker, the United States must
act within the collective conscience of its
citizens. I know of no American citizen
who wants to seek continued bloodshed
on that island, or who wishes for the
people of that nation any government
other than one which they themselves
would choose by the ballot box. It is
time for this Government to express this
collective American conscience by acting
to restore the confidence of the world in
our purposes and our commitment to
freedom and the right of people to choose
their own government.
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10558
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
LEGISLATION DESIGNED TO ESTAB-
LISH A FEDERAL MURDER LAW
TO ACHIEVE APPROPRIATE JUS-
TICE AND VERDICTS IN THE TRIAL
OF PERSONS CHARGED WITH
MURDER OF CIVIL RIGHTS
WORKERS
(Mr. ROSENTHAL asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I
am today submitting legislation designed
to establish a Federal murder law with
the purpose of dealing with one of the
most disturbing phenomena in the con-
duct of American jurisprudence?the
failure to achieve appropriate justice and
verdicts in the trial of those charged
with the commission of murder of civil
rights workers.
The last decade has seen seven major
murders of Negro and white civil rights
workers in the South, and although over-
whelming evidence of guilt was amassed
by law enforcement officials, none of
those so charged has been found guilty.
Innumerable other unreported or less
publicized murders have been committed
in the absence of the threat of meaning-
ful prosecution.
It is my hope that the legislation I
am today proposing will elicit from the
House a full hearing and the final an-
swer to this unacceptable denial of jus-
tice. These miscarriages of justice
demonstrate the need for a Federal
murder statute, as did the Lindbergh
tragedy dramatize the necessity for a
Federal kidnapping statute.
The maintenance of equal protection
of the law and the right of all citizens
of the United States to expect the un-
obstructed exercise of justice in every
city and State of the Union should be un-
questioned. If local law enforcement is
inadequate, or unwilling to meet this re-
sponsibility, then the Federal Govern-
ment must, in the last analysis, take
action.
My bill would provide that murder or
manslaughter, or the attempt thereof,
committed by or upon any person who
has travelled or is travelling in interstate
commerce would be a Federal offense and
therefore subject to the jurisdiction of
the Federal authorities. It is my ex-
pectation that the Federal judicial sys-
tem will provide a mechanism far freer
from local color and bias than has been
offered by the States. Federal constitu-
tional guarantees will be afforded to
those accused of murder and man-
slaughter, while the community at large
Will derive comfort from knowing that
the selections of Federal judges and
juries are more attuned to rendering fair
justice than to satisfying local prej-
udices.
The enactment of this legislation, and
the resultant likelihood of increasing the
number of convictions in murder and
manslaughter cases, where such convic-
tions are mandated by the evidence, will
serve as a deterrent to those who seek to
defeat compliance with Federal civil
rights statutes.
Mr. Speaker, in my judgment, it is
regrettable that local law enforcement
has so miserably failed in the preserva-
tion of the rights of all citizens of the
United States, making it necessary that
eentury old legal concepts have to be
:hanged. But, if we are to remain a free
;mod democratic society, then changed
they must be.
ENDORSEMENT AND SUPPORT OF
THE FOREIGN POLICY OF PRESI-
DENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON
(Mr. MORRIS asked and was given
Permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his re-
marks and to include a resolution.)
Mr. MORRIS. Mr. Speaker, unlike
some of my colleagues who have spoken
on the House floor today, I believe that
we do have a policy in foreign affairs. I
believe that we do have friends abroad
a sd I believe that the President of the
United States is implementing this pol-
icy.
Mr. Speaker, on May 15 of this year,
the Democratic State executive com-
mittee met in Santa Fe, N. Mex. This
committee is composed of 32 county
chairmen throughout the State of New
Mexico. They passed a resolution
unanimously endorsing this Govern-
ment's position in foreign affairs, our
foreign policy in southeast Asia, with
specific reference to Vietnam and our
foreign policy in Latin America with spe-
cii lc reference to the case of the Domini-
can Republic.
Yin Speaker, I include in my remarks
th3 resolution to which I have referred.
'rhe resolution referred to follows:
REsorurrox
Whereas the foreign policies of the United
States are of parammint concern to all
Americans and to the free world and those
policies presented by President Lyndon B.
Johnson, are designed to maintain and con-
tin ie freedom and liberty for nations
thraughout the world; and
Whereas the policy of the United States
and the commitments made in southeast
Ask4 such as those in South Vietnam, and
sinafiar areas are for the purpose of insuring
freedom in that part of the world; and
Whereas the United States under President
Joh ason has maintained and intensified its
pollay to keep the nations of Latin America
free from the shackles of international com-
munism, particularly with the current pol-
icy in the Dominican Republic: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved by the Democratic Party of the
Stats of New Mexico and the county chair-
man, meeting in Santa Fe, on this 15th, day
of lk-ay 1965, Do hereby endorse and vigor-
ous1:7 support the foreign policy of our Presi-
dent?Lyndon B. Johnson, particularly in re-
gard to South Vietnam and the Dominican
Reptblic, and do dedicate ourselves to the
furtherance of that policy for the benefit of
all poples of the world who love, desire, and
hold precious freedom.
TU RMOIL IN INDUSTRY?EXCISE
TAX GOOF
(Nis HALL asked and was given Per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute Ind to revise and extend his re-
marts.)
Mt. HALL 1 Mr. Speaker, on Monday
of this week, the President sent to Con-
gress a message dealing with the removal
of cmtain emergency excise taxes. I
May 19, 1965
feel certain the Congress will enact major
legislation along these lines, as many of
us in the Congress have been urging for
years.
But, I am distressed, Mr. Speaker, that
the President has been the recipient of
some extremely poor advice which al-
ready is causing turmoil in certain indus-
tries. I refer to the proposed effective
date of certain a these tax reductions.
For example, the excise tax reductions an
automobiles would take effect on May 14,
the date of the President's message to the
Congress. The purpose, obviously, is to
prevent an abrupt curtailment of auto
purchases by persons who, quite logically,
would otherwise wait until the tax reduc-
tion becomes effective,
But, for many business machines, the
effective date would not become effective
until July 1. I am advised this morning
by one of the industries with plant loca-
tions in southwest Missouri, that they are
being flooded with cancellation or de-
ferral orders from clients who, quite
logically, do not want to be penalized 10
percent in the purchase price of expen-
sive machinery, much of it costing as
much or more as a new automobile. This
Is in an area where 2- to 3-percent dis-
counts are often sought. A 2- or 3-week
lag might be tolerable, but not the 7-
week lag, which may cause many layoffs
and disruption of production, is intoler-
able. Even though the Congress may
ultimately make an earlier retroactive
date, it will be too late because of the
present climate generated by the Presi-
dent's message, and reportorial services.
I hope the President will take imme-
diate action to correct this oversight by
recommending an earlier effective date
on removal of excise taxes at least on
business machines.
BISHOP WILLIAM F. CREIGHTON
(Mr. GOODELL asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I rise
today with great reluctance, but I believe
the time has come for those of us in public
life to express a word of caution to a
revered and respected group in our so-
ciety. I speak of bishops and other clergy
who are rightly concerned with all hu-
man problems and committed to alleviat-
ing human suffering.
Yesterday a respected leader of my
church, Bishop William F. Creighton,
spoke with passion, and I fear a trace of
malice, about one of our colleagues in the
other body representing the State of West
Virginia. I do not question Bishop
Creighton's right?yes, his obligation?to
speak earnestly and .forthrightly about
public problems. I do question the pro-
priety of a man of the cloth apparently
attacking motives and integrity, and in
this case even implying lack of any hu-
man compassion in a respected public
official who happens to differ with him.
I often disagree with the gentleman from
West Virginia myself, and I happen to in
this case with reference to welfare policy.
I regret, however, to read Bishop
Creighton's characterization of our col-
league and --I quote:
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1NGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE May 19, 1965
farmer, account for another $12 billion a year.
A total of 1,750,000 jobs are involved.
If Mr. Wirtz is not overruled, the result
of his obstinacy will be tragic. It is time for
the people of California and their representa-
tives to go over' Mr. Wirtz' head and appeal
directly to the President for help.
CRISIS IN CALIFORNIA
AGRICULTURE
Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, Mr.
David M. Sacks, general manager and
eloquent spokesman of KGO-TV, chan-
nel '7, in San Francisco, in a most timely
editorial, entitled "Ostrich in the Straw-
berries," points out that Secretary Wirtz
must soon open his eyes to the facts or
the entire economy of the State of Cali-
fornia will be endangered.
Channel '7 has always been a leading
influence in the bay area and here the
editorial shows the station's understand-
ing of those subjects which are most
urgent for the citizens of the bay area.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that this editorial be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
OSTRICH IN THE STRAWBERRIES
(Presented by, David M. Sacks, general man-
ager KGO-TV)
U.S. Secretary of Labor Willard Wirtz is
playing the ostrich these days, burying his
head in the sand and refusing to face the
realities of a growing crisis in California
agriculture.
While the Secretary stubbornly hides froln
facts, our State's multimillion-dollar crop of
strawberries is rotting on the plant: There
are not enough workers to harvest it.
According to Mr. Wirtz, at his desk in
Washington, there is no crisis. He has ap-
proved the importation of 1,500 braceros and
this, he says, should be sufficiewt.
But the workers he has approved aren't on
the strawberry fields yet?and, as things
stand now, when they do arrive there won't
be enough of them.
Apparently, there's little hope for the
strawberry crop this year, no matter what
Mr. Wirtz' informants tell him. California
growers are going to lose hundreds of
thousands of dollars on the crop. And their
loss will cost you and me.
Ahead now are other crops, also threatened
by a shortage of labor. Something must be
done to prevent their loss too: Without its
agricultural income, California's economy
could be seriously damaged.
Our fields need harvestworkers. We are
not going to get them this year from our
domestic labor forces. They will have to
come, as in the past, from Mexico. Steps to
get them here must be taken now.
Channel 7 urges Governor Brown, Senators
KUCHEL and MURPHY and our Congressmen to
shake Secretary Wirtz' head loose from the
sand. He must be set straight. He must be
told his sources of information are unreli-
able. He must be made aware of a crisis that
threatens our California pocketbook and the
dinner table of a whole nation.
UNFRIGHTENED CRUSADER
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, I ask unanimous consent to
insert in the RECORD at this point an item
entitled "Unfrightened Crusader," which
appeared in the April 16, 1965, issue of
Time. The article relates to the view-
point expressed by Mrs. Juanita Kidd
Stout, the first elected Negro woman
judge in the United States, with refer-
ence to welfare.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed as follows:
IINFRIGHTENED CRUSADER
In Philadelphia last month, seven Negro
boys dragged a white girl off a subway plat-
form and tried to rape her on the tracks be-
fore they were driven off by a U.S. sailor who
went to her rescue. Angry police called 'for
1,000 more men; cops with dogs began riding
the subways. But of all incensed citizens,
none acted faster than Juvenile Court Judge
Juanita Kidd Stout, who warned that 27
active juvenile gangs threaten to take over
the city.
To prevent a repetition of last summer's
Negro riots, Judge Stout immediately set her-
self a personal goal: the jailing of 1,000 de-
linquents, most of whom, police said, were
Negroes. As a result, the judge has already
been threatened with, death three times. All
the more remarkable is the fact that she
herself is a Negro?the first elected Negro
woman judge in the United States.
LAZY HOMES
A stern moralist of 46, Judge Stout totally
embodies her mother's motto: "Make your-
self useful." Raised in Oklahoma, she
whipped into third grade at the age of six,
later taught school and then earned law
degrees at Indiana University. In Phila-
delphia, she practiced criminal law, became
an assistant district attorney, and in 1959
overwhelmingly won election to a 10-year
term on the county court. Barely 5 feet tall,
she peers from the bench atop three extra
cusions and often keeps no-lunch court hours
that make attendants mutter, "She's made of
steel."
Her pet hate is the welfare system: "The
tragedy of relief is that it has taken away
from people the drive to work. I deplore a
system that regards the indiscriminate hand-
ing out of checks as its prime function, that
subsidizes the lazy and immoral home with
the taxpayer's dollar." To stem Phila-
delphia's juvenile crime (up 27 percent last
year), Judge Stout, who is married but child-
less, advocates taking children away from
relief homes and raising them in public
dormitories where they can be urged to
buckle down to schoolwork.
KNIVES AND CHAINS
The trouble is that Pennsylvania is woe-
fully short of facilities for problem children
on the scale she envisions. By tossing the
kids in jail Judge Stout has now so drama-
tized the problem that the State legislature
may soon relieve Philadelphia by opening up
an old prison. and building a new detention
center for delinquents. To officials who la-
ment the cost, Judge Stout snaps: "Let them
raise taxes. Which is more important: re-
habilitation or continued high crime rates?"
The American Civil Liberites Union is not
happy with Judge Stout's self-styled "swift
justice," which may overlook constitutional
niceties. She is also in continuing physical
danger; one spectator shakedown in her
courtroom recently produced 22 weapons,
ranging from knives to scissors to an 18-inch
dog chain. Armed with round-the-clock
bodyguards, however, the judge goes serenely
on her way. "If they can frighten the
courts," she says, "they will just take over. I
don't inten to be frightened."
SUPPO1 THE PRESIDENT'S AC-
TION IN REGARD TO THE DO-
MINICAN REPUBLIC
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I ask
that there be printed in the RECORD, for
the information of other Senators, a
strong and important resolution recently
adopted by Huaco Tribe No. 48, Im-
prove-1. Order of Red Men, of Waco, Tex.
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May 19, 1965
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SEN./
KEENE, N.H.?ALL AME3ICAN CITY
Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, 2
weeks ago I had the very great pleasure
of taking part in the ceremunies at which
the city of Keene, N.H., beliame the first
New Hampshire city ever 120 receive the
coveted designation of an AU American
City.
The annual All America Cities compe-
tition, sponsored by the national Mu-
nicipal League and Look natigazine, made
a very wise choice in selecting the city
of Keene. Those of us w:qo are active
in New Hampshire affairs inow that the
citizens of Keene are truly outstanding
In their responsible efforts 10 better their
community.
Although Keene's outstanding accom-
plishments which have brought glory to
both the city and the state of New
Hampshire are the results of the work
of many citizens, I feel that special rec-
ognition should be given to its mayor, the
Honorable Robert Mallat, Jr. Bob Mal-
let is truly representative of the many
Keene citizens who take their citizen-
ship seriously, and who hatre earned for
Keene the designation of ,V1 American
City.
I a.sk unanimous consant to have
printed in the RECORD an article which
describes Keene's success. _ The article
was published in the Ne' y Englander
magazine, published by the Xew England
Council.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
KEENE: FIRST IN NEW HAM'S SIRE To EARN
AWARD AS RESULT OF ALL ADTTI CITIZEN
EFFORT
(By Lois Henning )
KEENE, NH., situated in the heart of New
England and boasting the region's widest
paved Main Street, can add to its credits a
citizen interest which ranks among the best
in the Nation. Chosen as ar. All America
City (and the first from New liampshire) by
project sponsors Look magadne and the
National Municipal League, the town of
18,000 shares the honor with JO other cities
in the United States.
Keene residents, in addition to interest
and initiative, readily admit to error. In
the 1950's these citizens voted out a bicam-
eral council-manager gover inient. They
presently realized the merit of g,lich a system,
began a campaign, and reinstated a non-
partisan mayor-council-manager system that
is in effect today.
Next the citizens turned to - the problem
of the town's economy, and 11 1952 estab-
lished the Keene Regional Industrial Foun-
dation. Dedicated to the aid, expansion, and
diversification of local industry, the foun-
dation was aided 1 year later w th the estab-
lishment of the Greater Keene.. Chamber of
Commerce. This 300-member organization
and the foundation worked t nether until
today they provide one of the finest indus-
trial parks in the region. In addition, the
town has one of the lowest unemployment
rates in the State despite 10-percent
growth in population per decade.
To maintain this industry mid to provide
for themselves, the town sought improvement
of its transportation facilities. Like many
northern New England towns, ihe decline of
the railroad threatened to 160101 Keene. The
chamber of commerce and tie industrial
foundation set about to improvo the existing
town airport until today it is the only air-
port north of Boston to be servcd by two air-
No. 90---9
lines. Both Mohawk and Northeast Airlinee
serve Keene, one of the three regional air-
ports in the State of New Hampshire.
"Operation Discover" was also sponsored by
the chamber of commerce. Organized to in-
vestigate community needs, the 151 members
assisted in bringing about the first zoning
ordinance in the State and a comprehensive
housing code. As a result of this code, di-
lapidated, substandard buildings in the
downtown area were removed. In their place
a 1,700 parking space area WRS provided with-
in a 2-minute walking distance to the cen-
tral business district,
In examining recreational needs town citi-
zens instigated the building of 5 Little
League baseball fields which serve 16 teams
and 240 boys. In addition, the town- hosted
the 1964 national finals of the American
Legion Little World Series. Similarly, horse-
shoe enthusiasts brought to the town the
largest number, 24, of horseshoe courts at 1
site in the world. These courts will host the
1965 national horseshoe tournaments.
'Recreational swimming in the area was
limited by pollution of all natural facilities.
Through the help of the Lions Club, 300 citi-
zens raised $65,000 or half the cost of the 2
town pools now available.
These public pools, located on either- side of
the town, were augmented when the first
recreational facilities built in conjunction
with a flood control project were .opened.
The flood control dams, located in three
areas, and built between 1960 and 1964, were
constructed to overcome frequent flooding in
the region.
Keene residents often turn their endeavors
inward to the aid and benefit of their own.
town. This introspection has led to the
establishment, in, 1957, of the town senior
citizens center. To aid the poor. Keene
residents formed the Greater Keene area pro-
gram. Their work was recognized by Presi-
dent Lyndon B. Johnson who said, in a tele-
gram to the citizens, "Keene's Task Force
Poverty is a particularly gratifying accept-
ance of my challenge."
In 1958, the town, under the direction of
200 citizens, raised $700,000 for a new YMCA.
Three-hundred teens use this facility each
weekend for dancing without having rumbles
or riots. For the postteens the chamber of
commerce and the Industrial Foundation
worked for the conversion of Keene Teach-
ers College to Keene State College, a division
of the State University system established in
1963. Keene State, with an enrollment of ap-
proximately 1,200 students, also provides ex-
tension courses for nearby residents and in-
dustry personnel.
LEADING LIBRARY
To supplement the college, the town has
established one of the leading libraries in the
State. In the la.st years the library has re-
corded the highest circulation on a per
capita basis in the State.
Activities outside the boundaries of their
(Am town also interest Keene residents. A
local newspaper Campaign examining the
care given- foster children by the State re-
sulted in a statewide investigation of the
welfare department. National interest is
extended annually when 150 town residents
invite 100 children from New. York City to
spend the summer in Keene.
International interest is also appare:nt in
Keene. An experiment in international liv-
ing, a model community ambassador pro-
gram which sends Keene's young people
abroad, and an exchange program with the
people of Bolivia are part of this Interna-
tional program.
Since its charter in 1753 and the formation
of a city in 1874, Keene has grown in popula-
tion, industry, education, and recreation.
Said Robert L. Mallet, Jr., in his presenta-
tion before the judges of the All-America
City program, "this is a community of people
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May 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
A RasournoN
Whereas the Improved Order of Red Men
had its origin in America in 1765; and
Whereas this fraternal organization be-
lieves that eternal vigilance is the price of
liberty. As the oldest fraternity of Ameri-
can origin and teachings, we oppose com-
munism in any form. We pledge anew our
wholehearted support to preserve our Ameri-
can way of life; and
Whereas in keeping with the above-named
principles we heartily endorse the action of
the President of the United States in the
handling of the current crisis in Vietnam.
We believe that only by continued offensive
action against the North Vietnamese is our
Government likely to bring an end to Com-
munist aggression and terror in that war-torn
country: Therefore be it
Resolved, That the prompt and decisive
action taken by the President of the United
States to halt the spread of communism
and uphold the principles of the Monroe
Doctrine in the current crisis in the Do-
minican Republic is in keeping with the
highest ideals of freedom and democracy
For those who condemn such hasty steps, let
them remember the gallant band of minute-
men who stood fast at Lexington and Con-
cord ready to defend their sacred love for
freedom. The President has clearly shown
the world by his prompt action that we in-
tend to maintain our hard-won freedom at
any price. In his words, "We don't Want to
bury anyone, but we don't intend to be
buried ourselves"; be it further
Resolved. That a copy of this resolution be
sent to the President with our most sincere
wish and prayer that the Government con-
tinue to use its best judgment and discretion
in problems involving. the expansion of com-
munism.
This resolution was adopted by Hueco
Tribe No. 48, Improved Order of Red Men at
Its meeting held in Waco, Tex., Tuesday, May
4, 1965.
FRANK MOSELEY,
Sachem.
CARL R. LEMKE,
Chief of Records.
OPPOSITION TO THE PROPOSED
CHANGE IN COTTON PLANTING
REGULATIONS
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, the
commissioners court of Childress Coun-
ty, in my State, recently adopted a most
important resolution expressing opposi-
tion to a proposal of the Department of
Agriculture to revise the regulations gov-
erning skip-roW cotton planting. In
order that other Senators may be ad-
vised of the views of the commissioners,
I ask that the resolution be printed in
the RECORD.
I share their view that there is very
little reason for the Department to
change its regulations. Past cotton rul-
ings of the Department have not, in my
view, contributed much to solution of the
problems facing the cotton industry. I
certainly hope this one is not needlessly
implemented.
There being no abjection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
A REsoLtrnort
Whereas it has come to the attention of
the Commissioners Court of Childress Coun-
ty, Tex., that the U.S. Department of Agri-
culture is proposing to discontinue the prac-
tice of skip-row planting of cotton for next
year; and
Whereas Childress County is situated in
an area of low rainfall, and the discontinu-
ance of skip-row planting will result in an
estimated loss of $1 million to the farmers
and business interests of this county and
will create economic hardships on the great
majority of cotton producers of this county:
Therefore, be it
Resolved by the Commissioners' Court of
Childress County, Tex., That communica-
tions be sent to U.S. Senators RALPH YAR-
BOROUGH and JOHN TOWER and Congressmen
WALTER ROGERS, BOB POAGE, and GRAHAM FUR-
CELL urging Congress to use its power to
prevent a discontinuance of the skip-row
practice of planting cotton for next year.
Commissioner Ralph Sides moved the
adoption of this resolution and Commis-
sioner Wilmer Rutledge seconded the
motion.
The motion was put to a vote and carried
unanimously this 10th day of May A.D. 1965.
LEONARD KING,
County Judge.
ODIS SMOTHERMON,
Commissioner, Precinct No. 1.
RALPH SIDES,
Commissioner, Precinct No. 2.
WILMER Ti. RUTLEDGE,
Commissioner, Precinct No. 3.
CLIFF CAMPBELL,
COMmissioner, Precinct No. 4.
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I ask
that there be printed in the RECORD a
forceful and important resolution re-
cently adopted by the Big Spring, Tex.,
Chamber of Commerce. The resolution
sets forth the concern of the citizens of
that area about proposed rulings of the
Department of Agriculture dealing with
skip-row cotton planting. I commend
to the Senate the reading of this resolu-
tion.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Hon. ORVILLE FREEMAN,
U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C.:
We * * * wish to respectfully bring to your
attention the inevitable and widespread
ramifications which will be brought about
if the present regulations allowing the skip-
row planting of cotton are abolished.
To emphasize the fallacy of the projected
changes we wish to point out the following
pertinent facts:
1. A curtailment of skip-row patterns in
cotton planting would result in a tremen-
dous increase in grain sorghum plantings,
thereby creating larger, undesirable sur-
pluses of that commodity.
2. Reliable reports from researchers con-
ducting tests on cotton fiber indicate that
skip-row produced cotton is of superior qual-
ity and therefore preferred by textile mills.
3. The cotton producer has suffered recent,
sharply felt disadvantages due to reduced
price supports, rising costs and the curtail-
ment of an available labor supply. To take
away the advantage of skip-row planting of
cotton would result in a More rapid ap-
proach toward economic disaster.
In summation: We strongly urge that you
reconsider the proposed changes relating to
cotton planting patterns and allow the cot-
ton producer the option of skip-row plant-
ing thereby enabling him to utilize the only
real economic advantage remaining at his
disposal.
CARLTON J. CHAPMAN,
Board Coordinator.
NURSING HOMES IN CONNECTICUT
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, we in
Connecticut are very proud of the high
caliber of our nursing homes. In runner-
10611
ous institutions for the care of the elder-
ly, the physical and mental needs of sen-
ior citizens are met with competence and
imagination. Their recreational needs
are filled by interesting programs of cul-
tural and social activities.
An outstanding residence for the elder-
ly is St. Joseph's Manor, in Trumbull,
Conn. Mother M. Bernadette de Lourdes
is an able woman of great foresight, who
exudes energy and imagination. These
traits make themselves felt in every as-
pect of her work as the Manor's adminis-
trator.
In a recent edition of the Bridgeport
Post, one of Connecticut's outstanding
newspapers, there was an interesting
story about St. Joseph's Manor and other
nursing homes in my State.
I ask unanimous consent that this ar-
ticle about nursing homes, which was
published on May 9, be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CARE OF ELDERLY DESCRIBED AS PROFICIENT:
NURSING HOMES IN STATE RANK HIGH
(By Cecelia Vanauken)
The morning that I visited St. Joseph's
Manor, situated on a high Trumbull hilltop,
I joined Mother M. Bernadette de Lourdes, ad-
ministrator of this beautiful residence for
the elderly, which it seemed to me had right-
ly been described as offering "a bit of heaven"
to its elderly residents.
She was attending a lecture. The subject
was astronomy and it was being given by
Phillip Stern, enthusiastic director of the
Bridgeport Museum of Art, Science, and In-
dustry Planetarium. His talk was a feature
of a pilot 6-month course being given at St.
Joseph's, supported by a Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare grant, to
train a group of 21 young women from the
community to undertake therapeutic activity
programing for we older citizens.
"Are many older people interested in as-
tronomy?" I asked Mother Bernadette when
Mr. Stern offered to arrange an astronomy
session, with telescopes, some evening on St.
Joseph's roof, and also extended an invita-
tion for a busload of St. Joseph's residents to
visit the planetarium.
"Oh, my yes," the petite, energetic, and
much-loved Mother Bernadette replied.
"Older people are interested in all sorts of
subjects, and they particularly like to learn
new things. It's a fallacy that anyone ever
becomes too old to learn."
The full program of cultural and social
events, as well as instruction in all sorts of
crafts, directed by Sister Jacenta Mary, head
of St. Joseph's activities program, aparently
keeps St. Joseph's residents happily occupied
and interested. The days need never drag.
Connecticut, in fact, has been a pioneer in
establishing professionally-directed recrea-
tion and cultural programs for the elderly
in its nursing homes. St. Joseph's is out-
standingly furthering this important work
by providing interesting and worthwhile ac-
tivities for its residents.
When the time comes, as it often does
sooner or later in many families, that it is
necessary to place an elderly relative in a
nursing home, it therefore need not neces-
sarily be regarded as a tragedy?not if such
a home is chosen with care.
After.my visit to St. Joseph's Manor, I felt
that an elderly person could not spend his
declining years in a more interesting, thor-
oughly attractive and happy place than there,'
Where there is always some event going on,
and where the Carmelite sisters and the
nurses are dedicated to serving its residents'
every comfort.
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CONIAESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE Ma,y 19, 1965
But unfortunately not all the applicants
to this fine institution, built in 1960, can
gain admission. It has a capacity for 285
residents, and a long waiting list,
There are, however, many other Connecti-
cut institutions for the care of the elderly
that you need not feel. sad about placing an
aging relative in, and where his physical,
mental, and recreational needs will be met
in such a way that he or she will have con-
tentment. Conditions in the majority of
Connecticut'a nursing hdtries are far from
being as grim as those depicted in an article
by Alfred Balk which appeared in a recent
issue of the Woman's Hoine Companion. He
described the nursing home situation in the
United States as our national shame.
It is necessary, however, for you to make
your selection of a nursing home with the
greatest care. I visited a home in this State,
for instance, where all of its residents were
huddled in one small living room, chairs
against the walls, and who in boredom were
awaiting the passage of time. There was not
even a television set to divert them.
"I just have no privacy, and there is no
place in this house to walk," said one welfare
resident, who was supposed to have walking
exercise to benefit an arthritic condition.
But Mr. Balk's condenination of nursing
homes seems far too general, especially in
Connecticut where a concerted effort has
been made for more than three decades to
raise the standards of nursing home care.
This work has been carried on outstandingly
by the Connecticut Department of Health
and by the Connecticut Chronic and Conva-
lescent Hospital Association.
In Connecticut, however, as across the Na-
tion, a serious problem faces the private pa-
tient who must become a resident of a nurs-
ing home. This problem is finances. A
protracted stay of 2 or 3 years may exhaust
a lifetime's savings. The majority oZ today's
elderly persons cherish financial independ-
ence. They are loath to call upon their chil-
dren for funds, and hate to accept charity.
Dr. Geraldine Novotny, specialist in ger-
ontology at the Institute of Gerontology at
the University of Connecticut, wrote me:
"Most of the elderly cannot pay the costs
of a prolonged stay at a nursing home with-
out outside help. Insurance coverage at
prices they can afford, for the most part, is
not very adequate. There are costs that make
a realistic medicare program important to
senior citizens."
It is predicted that a medicare program
Will be passed in 1.965 by the 89th Congress.
The passage of the Kerr-Mills law in 1960
'was aimed at improving methods of financing
medical care costs for persons over 65. Its
payments today range from $7.50 to $9.75 a
day, according to the type of nursing home
to which payments are made.
But M.A.A. (Medical Assistance for the
Aged) as Kerr-Mills is called, amounts to
considerably less than the sums paid by
private patients at nursing homes, whose tab
in most proprietary institutions ranges from
$12 to $16 per day, or from $4,380 to $5,840
annually.
There are now some 5,300 nursing home
residents in Connecticut who receive some
form of State and Federal assistance, and
this number, with the ever-increasing lon-
gevity of the elderly, is being stepped up
each year at the rate of 300 to 500 patients.
Dr. Edwin R. Connors, medical director of
the State welfare department, reports that
payments to convalescent hospitals for the
fiscal year, June 1, 1964 to May 30, 1965, will
total $12 million. This equals more than
half of the State's overall Medical budget of
$22 million, and makes Connecticut the only
-State where payments to convalescent hos-
pitals exceed those made to general hos-
pitals.
Connecticut was one of the first States to
accept the provisions of the Kerr-Mills law
after its passage 5 years ago. In 1963, only
2i other States had Voted to accept its bene-
fits by matching funds, and today 8 States
s ;ill remain which have not adopted it. To
be eligible to receive M.A.A., a patient must
have used up all but $900 of his private cap-
Residents receiving State and Federal aid
get the same sort of care and attention as do
private patients, and whatever the resident's
fiaancial status, it is kept confidential.
-As Mrs. Eleanor B. Baird, administrator
o Twin Pines Convalescent home and treas-
urer of the Connecticut Chronic and Con-
y descent Hospital Association, told me when
I visited her comfortable and well run hos-
p .tal in New Milford:, "When a Twin Pines
nsident's funds run out and he must resort
to M.A.A., he has the same acommodations
and receives exactly the same sort of care
that he has as a private patient. No one is
tc care of his change of status."
Dedicated to her work of helping the elder-
ly, Mrs. Baird has long labored to improve
narsing home standards. She was a founder
and the first chairman of the National Coun-
cil_ on Accreditation of Nursing Homes and
Related Facilities. This council is cospon-
scred by the American Medical Association
and the American Nursing Home Association,
with which the Connecticut Chronic and
C mvalescent Hosptial Association is affili-
ated. Mrs. Baird is a former social worker
and her husband is a physician.
bright aspect of present-day care for the
indigent elderly is that drab old town farms
and city poor houses have been done away
wth, at least in the State of Connecticut.
Tiere are in the State six municipally run
chronic and convalescent hospitals, such as
Midgeport's outstanding Hillside Home.
These establishments, however, are a far cry
Ir am the former old-time charity institutions
wnich were city-managed. This change has
come about because now welfare cases are
accepted in many of the State's proprietary
ctronic and convalescent hospitals and
hcsnes with nursing care, in its municipal
Mspitals, its church-affiliated facilities for
the aged, and its other affiliated facilities
which are supported by eleemosynary orga-
nisations. The Masonic Home in Wallingford
is an example of the latter category.
The first step toward the promotion of sole-
qt ate nursing care for the elderly in Con-
necticut was taken in 1873, when the State
BC sod of Charities was established. It was
se; up in an effort to abolish the practice of
faaming out of aged and indigent persons to
the lowest bidder and to provide more hu-
mane treatment of State wards. In those
days care of the aged poor was indeed "Con-
necticut's shame."
.1 scandal in 1917 further awakened the
St. tte Board of Charities' concern about the
kind. of care Connecticut's impoverished
Senior citizens were then receiving. At that
tir le Mrs. Amy Gilligan of Windsor, who oper-
ated a boarding home for elderly men, was
ars ested on suspicion of murder following
the death of several of her boarders. She
was convicted of slowly administering poison
to some of her boarders in order to collect
their insurance. She was sentenced to life
imprisonment.
'he Windsor woman's "Arsenic and Old
Law" crime led to the passage of a law
requiring homes caring for two or more per-
SOLES over 60 to be licensed by the Board of
Charities.
Ten years later in 1927 the licensure law
for chronic and convalescent hospitals was
parsed, and a year later the first of these
institutions were licensed by doctors in the
Bu 'eau of Preventable Diseases of the Con-
necticut State Department of Health.
The depression opened the public's eyes
to the needs of the ever-increasing number
of chronically ill geriatric patients. The So-
cial Becurity Act was passed in 1935, and the
following year public assistance grants of $7
a week were made. In 1939, this amount was
raised to $9 a week and in 1940, to $40 a
month. These rates, however, were far from
attractive to nursing :home administrators
because they did not begin to meet expenses.
Another increment came in 1943, and in
1949 rates for welfare patients were upped
to $5 a day, while in 1961 the State Welfare
department authorized payment-for medical
patients in municipal institutions, so that
today they are far more pleasant for patients
in every way than they were formerly.
Nursing homes in Connecticut have stead-
ily increased in numbers since back in 1920
when one of the earliest homes in the State
was started by Mrs. Suss,n Griggs in Norwich.
She was asked by a. Norwich city official to
take an 89-year-old woman into her home
and care for her. She proved so competent
that the Backus Hospital sent her two more
patients, She was paid $15 a week for each
patient.
Mrs. Griggs subsequently moved to Pom-
fret, taking her patients with her. Her
home, called the Haven, is in operation today
and is managed by her son.
Fire and safety regulations came slowly.
A calamitous fire which occurred on Christ-
mas Eve of 1915 and caused the death of 20
ill and aged patients at the Niles Street Con-
valescent Hospital in Hartford led at last to a
statewide investigation of fire prevention
equipment in private convalescent hospitals
and nursing homes. This resulted in the
revoking of licenses in a number of homes.
In 19157, a strict fire safety code was
adopted which required that nursing homes
be of noncombustible construction and have
automatic sprinklers, and that homes with
15 or fewer patients have at least 1 attend-
ant on duty at all times. That same year
a sanitary code also was adopted with de-
tailed provisions relating to the construction
and maintenance of buildings and the hous-
ing, care, and safety of patients.
There are several types of nursing homes
In Connecticut, which vary in their services.
There are the chronic and convalescent hos-
pitals, as this type of nursing home is called
in Connecticut, homes with nursing care and
boarding homes, as well as chronic disease
hospitals', three of which are State operated,
Cedarcreat in Newi.ngton, Uncason-Thames
in Norwich, and Laurel Heights in Shelton.
Homes with nursing care differ from
chronic and convalescent hospitals in that
the former are allowed to admit only ambula-
tory cases and therefore, may have smaller
nursing staffs. If residents in this type of
home come down with other than minor ill-
nesses, they must be transferred to an insti-
tution licensed to take care of them until
their recovery.
All nursing homes, however, are required
to have either a resident or consulting phy-
sician licensed in Connecticut, who is a mem-
ber or eligible for memberahip on the medi-
cal staff of a general hospital, who will be
available in an emergency and who will
assume responsibility for the general ade-
quacy of medical and nursing care rendered
in the institution in question. A registered
or licensed practical nurse must be on
around-the-clock duty.
How is there any guarantee that all of
Connectieut's laws and regulations pertain-
ing to nursing homes will be enforced? The
hospital division of the State department of
health keeps a close check on all of these
institutions. It employs a staff of consult-
ants, all of whom are registered nurses, who
regularly inspect institutions in their terri-
tories. When an infraction of a regulation
is discovered, the nursing home administra-
tor is given an opportunity to correct the in-
fraction before any action is taken. Admin-
istrators almost always comply.
Another incentive to maintaining high
standards is that an accreditation . system
has been adopted for all nursing homes in
the chronic and convalescent hospital cate-
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May 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
Still in the experimental stage, this devel-
opment in music is a challenging one to
music educators. Dr. Kent, an authority on
16th century polyphonic music, is at the
same time a composer and recognized theorist
in the field of contemporary music.
"Electronic music," he said, "is only an
addition to the musical language, not a new
language. We are not fighting the old com-
posers, whose place is secure. I believe this
new medium which gives us new sounds will
eventually blend in with traditional ma-
terials; as a matter of fact, composers are
already doing this."
CLASSICAL GUITAR COURSE
Another breakthrough in the curriculum?
and this one is quite popular?is the classical
guitar. "The heads of music schools are
agreed," said the Peabody director, "that the
classical guitar, as exemplified by musicians
such as Segovia and Bream, has achieved the
status of a musical instrument. Few realize
that music was composed for it as early as
the 16th century."
Last year the conservatory introduced a
ja.77 course in its summer school, which has
developed enormously over the last 3 years.
The summer session in Baltimore concen-
trates on special seminars and workshops, be-
sides the regular courses leading to degrees.
Henry (Hank) Levy, a Baltimorean and
former Peabody student who is doing experi-
mental composing in the jazz idiom for or-
chestra, introduced a workshop in the writing
and performing techniques for stage band
and recording orchestra. "The Peabody is
serving contemporary society," said Mr. Levy,
"in the educational use of jazz."
The Claremont String Quartet will be in
residence this summer session, giving con-
certs, teaching and coaching chamber mu-
sic. And a faculty will conduct workshops
in choral music, church music, and strings.
The latter will feature the first teaching ap-
pearance in this country of Shinichi Suzuki,
of Japan, originator of a method of violin
instruction which begins with babies at the
age of 6 months and enables them to per-
form at the age of 3.
Last summer Dr. Kent started a new Pea-
body summer school in Northampton, Mass.,
at the invitation of the president of Smith
College, "This school," he explained, "delib-
erately accepts only a small number of stu-
dents and is limited to master classes in
piano, violin, cello, and church music."
The conservatory, of course, has had a dis-
tinguished place in the musical life of Balti-
more since its founding. It has brought the
world's greatest artists for concert appear-
ances here; it has provided the city with the
best in music through its artist-instructors'
and students' recitals.
Among the 77 instructors in the advanced
school faculty are many top-ranking artists.
Among them: Pianists Leon Fleisher, Conrad
Wolff, Julio Esteban, Elizabeth Katzenellen-
bogen, Walter Hautzig, Amos Allen; Singers
Martial Singher, Frank Valentino, Wayne
Conner, Alice Gerstl-Duschak; Violinists Rob-
ert Gerle, William Kroll; Cellists Mihaly Vir-
izlay, Paul Olefsky; double bass, Rocco Lit-
olf; flutist, Britton Johnson. The depart-
ment of theory, composition, and music lit-
erature includes, besides Dr. Kent, experts
such as Stefan Grove, Sam di Bonaventura,
Louis Cheslock, Robert Hall Lewis, Elliott
Galkin, and the conservatory's dean, Ray
Robinson.
The fact that a number of the key faculty
members are commuting to the Peabody from
New York, Philadelphia, and Washington,
where they also teach at other institutions
or give private instruction, is a matter of
immediate concern to the trustees.
"Because of this arrangement," said Mr.
Marbury, "it has not been feasible to make
permanent appointments with the usual
academic tenure.
"While, in spite of these handicaps, the
level of distinction of the faculty has been
high, there cart be no doubt that the institu-
tion has suffered, not only in frequent
changes in personnel but from its inability
to attract certain individuals who would
have been only too glad under different cir-
cumstances to come to the Peabody and
make their residence in Baltimore."
One of the considerations of the Peabody's
campaign to raise $2 million is a minimum
endowment of five chairs, or permanent ap-
pointments, in the departments of composi-
tion, conducting, piano, strings, and voice.
The conservatory seeks, in addition to
increased funds to support faculty salaries,
an increase also in endowed scholarships?
a permanent need for so many students of
superior ability whose financial status, as
Dr. Kent points out, "seems to be in inverse
ratio to their talent."
A major objective of the campaign is the
building of dormitories. John M. Nelson, 3d,
president of the Peabody says, "We are losing
promising prospective students because we
have no dormitories. About half our
students come from out of State and we must
have ,a place to put them.
"Some gifted students," he said, "have
gone elsewhere because of inadequate facili-
ties. Dormitories have been planned to in-
clude two 4-story pavilions, housing 84 men
and 84 women students."
ENROLLMENT TOTALS 437
Enrolled in the conservatory are 437 young
men and women. They come from 36 States
and 13 foreign countries. Summer school
enrollment last year included 375 students,
plus 25 at Northampton. "Ideally," said
Dean Ray Robertson, "the conservatory's en-
rollment should never exceed 500."
No problem , of housing afflicts the Pea-
body's preparatory department?generally
considered the best and largest of its kind
in the country. Its steady enrollment, for
years totaling more than 2,500 students, is
drawn from Baltimore and the metropolitan
area.
About 5 percent of its graduates go on to
advanced study in the Conservatory, of which
it is a subdivision. Its Towson studios, in a
new building, constitute the biggest of its
four branches (900 enrolled). Others are
at Milford Mill Park School and Roland Park
Country School. The main school, adjoin-
ing the Conservatory in Mount Vernon Place,
rings with activity day and night.
"The school just jumps on Saturdays," says
its superintendent, Leah Thorp, whose as-
sistant is Anita Phillips. "Every corner of
this five-story building, every studio, plus
12 studios in the Conservatory, the 51 prac-
tice rooms, the 3 dance studios (more
than 600 dance pupils), are filled with stu-
dents in every branch of the curriculum."
All branches of study are graded and ex-
aminations given in each. The standards for
student performances are absolute: every
program for a public recital must be passed
on by a committee of examiners in advance?.
just as in the Conservatory. The prepara-
tory department, in fact, has become a model
for similar schools throughout the country
and abroad.
"For most students here," Said Miss
Thorpe, "Peabody Preparatory is part of their
cultural preparation," Most go on to college,
not to major in music?although some dis-
cover that music is their real forte.
TEACHERS ON FACULTY, 104
"With 104 teachers on our faculty (includ-
ing 50 piano instructors), we make a great
attempt to match the student with the
teacher; we have some teachers who are ex-
pert with little children; some who thor-
oughly understand the teenage group, and
some particularly successful with the gifted,
extraordinarily talented child.
"We make recommendations, depending on
their rating, of graduates who can enter
the conservatory's advanced school. There
comes a point at which the faculty must
A2497
pass Gn the student's potential for a career.-
must make the critical decision of w.cetner
his or her potential is more suited for teach-
ing than performing."
The conservatory is separate from the
equally renowned Peabody Library, housed
in the same building?but both are related
by the terms of their founding as entities
of the Peabody Institute. (Originally the
institute comprised an art gallery as well;
it is now the main recital hall.)
Since its accreditation, the library services
for the conservatory's students and faculty
have becorne a function of the Peabody In-
stitute's general library. Its music section
occupies the former reading room and holds
more than 35,000 volumes and pieces of mu-
sic. The National Inventory of Musical
Sources of the Library of Congress recently
singled it out, upon discovering that it "holds
more rare early music items than any other
school in the United States except the East-
man School of Music."
The conservatory's trustees, Mr. Marbury
said, "feel that a heavy obligation rests upon
them" to continue the purpose for which
the Peabody was founded nearly a hundred
years ago. The campaign for additional re-
sources, required to carry out the role they
are trying to fill, is well underway.
"So far we have raised about $850,000," he
said, "of which more than $500,000 has come
from the board of trustees, the women's
board and the faculty."
The Ford Foundation is considering a re-
quest for a matching grant of $500,000 and,
Mr. Marbury added, "we are hopeful of re-
ceiving additional funds from other founda-
tions which have local interests."
Fifty Million May Not Be Wrong, but
One Is
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN E. MOSS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 19, 1965
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, on May 12,
1965, the Sacramento, Calif., Bee carried
an excellent editorial setting forth the
long record of President Charles de
Gaulle, of France, in his efforts to under-
mine Western solidarity and to embar-
rass the United States in our relations
with other nations. I commend this ed-
itorial to the attention of my colleagues.
The editorial follows:
FIFTY MILLION MAY NOT BE WRONG, BUT
ONE Is
The intractable Charles de Gaulle seems to
decide official French policy OIL the exclusive
basis of: Will it injure the U.S. position? In
every instance of consequnece the position of
De Gaulle reads like something out of the
enemy camp.
Take Vietnam. Here France has all but
branded the United States as the aggressor.
De Gaulle's alinement with Red China in
this is crucial and embarrasses and compli-
cates the American interest.
Take Europe. De Gaulle alone has de-
stroyed the solidarity of the Western defense.
In his ambition to make of France the dom-
inant power in. the Western alliance, he has
made all Western defenses weaker?including
France's.
Take Cuba. The United States was crying
wolf, he said in 1962, over Cuba's ambitions
to spread its influence into all of Latin Amer-
ica. He could not see why this nation con-
sidered Castroism so dangerous. Recall, next,
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A2498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- APPENDIX May
.ttempt by Russians to turn Cuba into
a lsole.ching pad for missiles and Cuba's at-
tempts to export revolution; for instance, to
Venezuela.
Now take Santo Domingo, still an un-
resolved iesue and still extremely dangerous
and where the least incendiary could trigger
a new disaster. De Gaulle said he is consid-
ering recognizing the rebel "government" of
Col. Francisco Caamano Dano. In the same
breath, De Gaulle talks of:
Modern imperialism, which, invoking, as
always, contrary ideologies, menaces our uni-
verse.
The reference pointedly is to the United
States.
What De Gaulle is seeking to do can be
reduced down to the meanest politics; he is
consumed with the ambition to make of
France a new, grand power, and before France
can become the leader of the West, the pres-
ent leadership has to give way?and this
means the United States.
Moreover, he is running for reelection as
President, and he has chosen the United
States as his whipping boy in his bid for
votes. Lastly, he is playing, obviously, for a
wider base of support among the uncom-
mitted nations with his mouthings of
"colonialism" and "imperialism." Unhappily,
the uncommitted take to this bait like mad.
De Gaulle may have been the one man in
all of France who could have ended the polit-
ical chaos which existed within France when
he came into power, yet he is the one man
who also can make chaos out of what was
Western solidarity; and he seems to be work-
ing overtime to do it. Fifty million French-
men cannot be wrong, perhaps, but there is
one who is way out of line.
The Conquest of Time and Distance Has
Helped Floridians in Developing This
Fine Peninsula
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 27, 1965
Mr. SIKES. Mr, Speaker, I am
pleased to see the recognition given by
the Florida Times-Union to the Old
Spanish Trail Festival which is now in
progress at my hometown of Crestview.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TtME AND DISTANCE HAS
HELPED FLORIDIANS IN DEVELOPING THIS
FINE PENINSULA
(By Joe Crankshaw)
Horsemen who completed the 5-day Old
Spanish Trail ride yestexclay are sched-
uled to be honored at an open horse show in
Crestview today. Both the ride and the
show are part of the Old Spanish Trail
Festival which will last all week in Okaloosa
County.
Participants in the ride assembled in Talla-
hassee last Tuesday and then followed the
route of the Spanish Trail for 186 miles to
Crestview. At this point, the trail approxi-
mates the location of U.S. 90.
The Spanish Trail originally connected
St. Augustine, Pensacola, and New Orleans.
The Florida segment was probably first
blazed by Roman Catholic monks moving
out of St. Augustine to found missions in
the Apalachee country around Tallahassee
and St. Marks.
The portion of the trail between the mis-
sions and St. Augustine was relatively well
traveled but the section which went on to
Pensacola was less heavily traveled. Since
the trail was not a road but rather a rutted
pathway it was most often used by horse-
men Few carriages and wagons attempted
to doss it and east and west Florida gen-
eral].:, remained unconnected by land.
Besides being a difficult road, the trail was
dangerous. Indians on the warpath, rene-
gade whites, raiders from Georgia, and just
plain bandits made it a hair-raising route
acroa Florida. Use of the trail diminished
wher..i the Engligh raiders from Georgia vir-
tuallr wiped out the Spanish missions in the
Apalltchee region.
Ge a. Andrew Jackson and his men marched
along the trail when he entered Florida, and
his men undoubtedly widened it to accom-
modate their wagons and artillery. The trail
was Ids? used by the men searching for a
site for the territorial capital. Gradually it
becarie a road.
The horsemen who made the 186-mile ride
follositcl a broad concrete or asphalt road-
way I rhich now connects Jacksonville, Talla-
hasses and Pensacola, along with all the cit-
ies in between. In a way, the whizzing auto-
mobiles and the plodding horses which
shared the road right-of-way last week were
visibla representatives of the history of trans-
porta don in Florida.
Few visitors and not too many residents
know that transportation from point to
point has not always been an easy matter.
The E xerage visitor or citizen looks about
him and sees a broad, generally flat land
which has few natural obstacles to bar his
path ;Ind cannot. understand that this State
was cnce divided because of the difficulty
of trarel.
The Spaniards settled along the coastal
and inland waterways because ships and
small boats were the principal means of
travel, Roads were nonexistent and there
were cnly a few trails which had either been
made by Indians and animals or staked out
by traders and missionaries.
Communication between east and west
Florida regions was by ship and this meant
going from the site of St. Marks down the
Gulf coast, around the Keys and back to
St. Augustine. The voyage took many days
but ttan travel by land would have been
no qui eker.
The St. Augustine-Apalachee path was
openec_ for mounted troops in 1704, accord-
ing to State road department records, and
? sold hr is said to have traveled the 200
miles in about 3 days.
Whea the English came they built a few
roads, the most famous of which, called the
"King' a Road," ran from St. Augustine to
the St Mary's River on the north and New
Smyrna and the Indian River on the south.
The English used the Spanish Trail to St.
Marks occasionally but there was little travel
in that direction.
Durnig the second Spanish period no roads
were b lilt and the King's Road, which fol-
lows U.S. 1, was allowed to deteriorate.
Wiles i the United States formally acquired
Florida in 1821, the Federal Government ap-
propriated funds to construct a real road
from Pansacola to St. Augustine. This road
was la/ge enough for wagons, had bridges
over -Us small rivers and ferries for the
larger ;ives and lakes which could not be
bypassed.
Few aeople can understand how difficult
travel in Florida was in those days unless
they hare had an opportunity to fly over the
State ancl see the thousands of lakes,
swamps, and small rivers which break the
land uf and block any traveler who is not
properly prepared to negotiate them.
Needl las to say, river boats and canoes
continusd to be the principal means of
transpo:tation for many years.
The :iistory of roadbuilding and other
forms of communication in Florida is long
and fasainating, ineluding, as it does, the
construction of a railroad over the sea, and
later a aighway over the route followed by
the trae cs. Unfortunately, it is a story that
must be told in many chapters.
19, 1965
Roads, however, have lost none of their
interest for Floridians, who are always inter-
ested in safer, faster means of linking one
section of the State with another, for they
realize that as communications become eas-
ier and distances are conquered, that it will
unite the people of Florida, and allow them
to devote their energies to the maximum
development of this most fortunate of
peninsulas.
Situation ? the Dominican Republic
N OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 6, 1965
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, recently
there came to my attention a statement
made by a very distinguished community
leader of Puerto Rico concerning Ameri-
can foreign policy toward the Dominican
Republic.
This matter is currently very critical.
Mr. Louis Ferre, of Puerto Rico, ad-
dresses himself to the issue, and in turn
offers some sharp commentary.
For the information of my colleagues,
I would like to insert Mr. Ferre's, state-
ment at this point in the RECORD:
DOCTRINE OF DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY -
The recent landing in the Dominican Re-
public of 11.S. forces to protect American
citizens and property and to prevent the
Communist takeover of this young Republic,
has been criticized by those who would sacri-
fice the lives of many innocent people in
order to stick to wornout cliches of pseudo-
champions of democracy. These people be-
long to two groups. Those who use such
cliches and phrases as a smokescreen to
induce paralysis of the defensive forces of
democracies friends, keeping the way open
for the takeover of a Communist protected
tyranny, or those who have lost contact with
the realities of the mid-20th century world,
and continue dreaming of the conditions of
the 19th century which gave birth to our
present demdcratic systems.
The world has changed very radically since
those days, and what were natural methods
for young democracies during their forma-
tion periods, are not sufficient anymore to
help them through that period. We need to
think boldly Of new approaches to meet new
challenges. Today there is a worldwide con-
spiracy of Communist centers of power, per-
fectly organize.cI, with well trained cadres of
men and unlimited amounts of military
equipment, ready to seize upon the slightest
opportunity within an inexperienced democ-
racy, to move in at a moment of crisis and
establish the tyrannical government of a well
organized minority, such as exists today in
Russia, Cuba, or China.
It is against this reality that the true
democracies of our time, and principally the
United States, with its greater experience in
self-government and more military strength,
must weigh their respo:nsibilities. In the
first place, let us study what are democra-
cies' responsibilities. Democratic govern-
ment is government by the people, with the
consent of the people, for one prime pur-
pose: the elimination of any form of tyran-
nical government that might endanger the
respect to the dignity, the life, or the free-
dom of all and every one of its citizens. I
emphasize "every one," because people have
developed the mistaken notion that if a
government has been elected by a vote of the
majority, it is legitimately democratic, even
if some of its citizens are viciously killed or
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U1N 'aunt') ? APPEND A2499
arbitravely_.deprived of their natural rights
to freedern and the pursuit of happiness.
This is, of course, a false conception of
democracy, and has led to the mistaken no-
tion that when people are being killed and
denied their natural rights under a govern-
ment that is unable to establish law and
order even if duly elected, the rest of the
world should stand by and permit such
crimes without raising a hand to prevent it,
even if such situation leads to a Communist
takeover and the institution of a tyranny.
Such selfish nationalistic notions are con-
trary to the spirit of a society which is inte-
grated today into a world community where
the more mature and wealthier nations are
being daily requested to help the emerging
nations with their economic means. The
nations of today, under what we might call
a law of human solidarity, are responsible
not only to their nationals, but also to hu-
manity as a whole. They cannot pretend to
commit crimes against innocent human be-
ings within their boundaries unmolested,
claiming that their territories are inviolable.
Such concept of nationalistic freedom to
violate the rights of man, certainly is not in
agreement with the concept of a world under
the principle of a United Nations and a
World Court.
The American foreign aid program was a
complete reversal of the old practices of a
world where every nation was guided only
by selfish interest taking advantages of
other peoples through a military conquest
and a colonial policy of exploitation. It
established what we might call a code of in-
ternational moral responsibility under which
the wealthier nations voluntarily assume the
responsibility to help the emerging nations
to solve their economic problems. It pro-
claimed our Christian set of values and our
democratic standards, as the guiding prin-
ciples of the world community. The United
Nations with its Four Freedoms and its
enunciation of a bill of rights protecting all
men, of all races, was the culmination of the
U.S. efforts towards the establishment of a
world under moral law, in which the human
being is fully protected.
To achieve our objective, in the face of the
present communistic conspiracy to destroy
our democratic concept of life, we must be
ready to extend our help with a three
pronged approach. Economic, cultural, and
military under what we may call the doc-
trine of democratic solidarity. The demo-
cratic community must organize itself to
help in extending economic and cultural aid
to all emerging democracies. But we must
also be ready to offer military protection to
prevent the Communist conspiracy from de-
stroying our efforts to help young democ-
racies gain experience and maturity in evolv-
ing their free societies. Such military ac-
tions which are not inspired by selfish moti-
vation of territorial or economic gain and
which conform to the spirit of the Declara-
tion of Bogota and Punta del Este, cannot be
judged in the same light as the old time mili-
tary interventions. They constitute our ac-
ceptance and the acceptance of the demo-
cratic community together with us, of our
responsibility for protecting the success of
our efforts to extend economic and cultural
aid to all emerging democratic societies.
Improved Coast Guard Vessels a Must
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 19, 1965
Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, on May
8, I had the pleasure of attending the
launching of the new Coast Guard vessel
Confidence at the Coast Guard yard at
Curtis Bay in Maryland. This is truly
a wonderful vessel equipped with every
modern device to enable the Coast Guard
to carry out the duties assigned to it in
protecting our country.
Our colleague, the distinguished
chairman of the House Merchant Marine
and Fisheries Committee, Congressman
BONNER, gave the principal address at
the launching of the Confidence. Chair-
man BONNER called attention to many
facts concerning the Coast Guard which
I feel are unknown to most of us and
which merit our serious consideration to
insure that we continue to enact the nec-
essary legislation to improve our Coast
Guard vessels in the best interests of the
United States.
I am sure all the Members of the
House will be interested in reading Con-
gressman BONNER'S address and under
unanimous consent I place it at this
point in the RECORD.
REMARKS OF HON. HERBERT C. BONNER, CHAIR-
MAN, COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE
AND FISHERIES, AT LAUNCHING OF USCGC
"CONFIDENCE" (WPC-619) AT CURTIS BAY,
MD., ON MAY 8, 1965
I am pleased and proud to be present at
the launching of this beautiful vessel today.
For all too long, I have observed the Coast
Guard struggling with war surplus castoffs
to the detriment not only of its missions but
also at the risk of the heroic men who make
up its membership.
The Coast Guard has always been very
close to my heart, living as I do on the coast
of North Carolina. I have long known first-
hand of the efforts that it makes to protect
our shipping. Since I have been a member,
and am presently chairman, of the Com-
mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries,
I have had even greater opportunity to get
a broad understanding of its many functions.
The necessity for newer and better
equipped vessels increases as the missions
assigned to the Coast Guard increase. Up to
a few years ago, we had no worry about
Soviet incursion of our fishing grounds.
Now, off Alaska, the New England coast and
the Florida coast, this has become a danger-
ous situation, not only to the livelihood, but
also to the lives, of our fishermen.
We have seen the Cuban threat increased,
only to be kept under reasonable control
through the efforts of the Coast Guard.
The grave situation in the Dominican Re-
public may mean more work in the Carib-
bean.
Just a week ago the Navy, with the Presi-
dent's approval, requested the redeployment
of 17 of the best of the Coast Guard's versa-
tile 83-foot cutters to patrol the waters off
the coasts of Vietnam. The duty is in a
field of special competence for the Coast
Guard. This instance highlights the huge
responsibility of the Coast Guard and the
need for it to be constantly ready. Although
the move is a clearly necessary one, the fact
remains that it deprives major areas of our
east, gulf and west coasts of the search,
rescue, and law-enforcement protection
which these cutters would normally provide.
This is a matter of great concern.
This week I and other members of our com-
mittee introduced Mgislation to authorize
the immediate replacement of the 17 cutters
going into Far Eastern service. I am pleased
to report that the committee and the House
recognized the emergency and quickly acted.
But even so, it will be from 14 to 18 months
before the new vessels are constructed and
become operational.
As an interim measure our committee di-
rected that I and the ranking minority mem-
ber, Mr. MAILLIARD, of California, write the
Commandant, urging that every effort should
be made to acquire vessels from other sources
to meet urgent domestic needs in the coming
months. I hope and expect that this will be
done.
Since the duty of authorizing expenditures
for Coast Guard equipment has come to my
committee, I have made every effort to ex-
pand its requests for new vessels. I have
one grave criticism of its actions, however.
I feel that the service is much too modest in
its requests for new equipment and facili-
ties. Only now is it undertaking the con-
struction of new large cutters to replace the
wartime castoffs that it has been using for
the past 20 years or more. One has only to
understand the severe and dangerous work
undertaken by these vessels to realize the
necessity for the newest and safest equip-
ment.
I am hopeful that in the future we will
be able to do more in this respect to upgrade
the Coast Guard fleet. It is performing a
vital function, not only for those who use
our waters, but also for those of us who are
fortunate enough to travel abroad, whether
it be by sea or air. Their ocean station
vessels and their aircraft are continuously
on the alert to respond to any emergency.
We must redouble our efforts to maintain
the proud record of safety that has been es-
tablished through the efforts of the Coast
Guard and this can only be accomplished by
providing it with the tools to do its work.
It is my hope and expectation that more
and more new vessels will be provided to
better enable the Coast Gurd to meet its
responsibilities as time goes on.
I, for my part, intend to do my best to see
that this occurs.
- Thank you.
A Policy To Coordinate Social Security
Disability and Vocational Rehabilita-
tion Programs To Avoid Shuttling
Citizens Back and Forth From One
Agency to Another
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 18, 1965
Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, every
congressional office which handles a large
volume of cases involving constituents
in their dealings with Federal agencies
has become familiar with the shuttlecock
procedure by which the constituent is
sent from agency to agency, back and
forth. Under the very best of circum-
stances, some of this is inevitable, be-
cause of the specific jurisdiction of agen-
cy programs and the fact that, for the
citizen's own good, several agencies may
have to become involved. But it is indeed
infuriating when he is given conflicting
advice by several agencies, and sent from
one to another in vain.
Recently, I came across a rather classic
case in which the constituent was an am-
putee with other disabilities. He applied
for social security disability benefits, but
was turned down because it was felt that
with a proper artificial limb and other re-
habilitation, he could hold a job. The
Vocational Rehabilitation Service in Mis-
souri, on the other hand, felt that reha-
bilitation in his case would not assure
employability, and sent him back to so-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX May 19) 1965
and educational background. 4ppli6Mts'se--
lected by the State agency are given an
opportunity to discuss with a counselor the
services that could be made available to him
under the rehabilitation program. The
agency then determines the applicants to
whom services should be offered. The serv-
ices are available regardless of the outcome
of the disability claim?whether it is al-
lowed or denied.
In spite of our activities to achieve maxi-
mum coordination with each State agency,
it is still unfortunately true that some in-
dividuals wlao are denied disability insurance
benefits are also not accepted for rehabilita-
tion services. This occurs in most instances
because of inherent differences between the
criteria applicable to a determination, of elig-
ibility for disability benefits and the criteria
applied in determining an applicant's eligibil-
ity for rehabilitation within the limits of an
individual State's program and resources.
It is a continuing objective of the Social
Security Administration, the Vocational Re-
habilitation Administration, and the State
agencies to eliminate as far as possible those
situations in which a social security appli-
cant with good potential for restoration to
productive , employment may fail to receive
appropriate rehabilitation services. When-
ever such cases are called to the attention
of the agencies involved, special efforts are
made to correct the difficulty wherever pos-
pible and to have the applicant considered
for rehabilitation services in as responsive
and helpful a manner as possible.
In addition to effores to improve the case-
by-case referral of disability applicants for
rehabilitation services, we have been carry-
ing out various joint demonstration projects
and activities designed to promote better in-
terprogram coordination. These include:
1. A joint Social Sedurity Administration-
Vocational Rehabilitation Administration
Handbook is being prepared to afford voca-
tional rehabilitation counselors a more com-
prehensive knowledge of the Social Security
Administration program and procedures and
enable them, to better plan for the rehabil-
itation of social security applicants.
2. A demonstration project has been started
in Atlanta, Ga., to determine the most
feasible time for referral of the social secu-
rity applicant for vocational rehabilitation
and placement services and to determine the
most effective way of coordinating the ac-
tivities of the agencies most directly involved
in the disability determination and rehabil-
itation process?the Social Security Admin-
istration, the Vocational Rehabilitation Ad-
ministration, the State vocational rehabil-
itation agency, and the State employment
service.
3. A demonstration project has been carried
out in the District of Columbia Vocational
Rehabilitation Agency involving the rehabil-
itation of social security applicants in situa-
tions where it appears that such rehabilita-
tion can be achieved quickly. This project
has established the need for looking further
into the provision of intensive counseling
and placement services to disability appli-
cants.
4. A research project to determine the
optimum amount of evid.ence necessary for
effectively, evaluating disability for benefit
purposes as well as the rehabilitation poten-
tial of social security applicants was con-
ducted in three States?Minnesota, Ohio, and
Louisiana. A final report on the project is
now being prepared.
5. Projects have been undertaken in 11
States to provide data on new techniques
for rehabilitating severely disabled bene-
ficiaries. These demonstration projects, now
near completion, studied the extent to which
those so severely disabled as to become social
security beneficiaries and not normally con-
sidered as. rehabilitation candidates, actually
could be restored to employment through the
provision of intensive services by rehabilita-
dal security, which felt he could be em-
ployable if rehabilitated?and so on.
Mr. Speaker, jam happy to report that
at my request this man's application for
rehabilitation services was further re-
viewed; it was subsequently approved and
he has been fitted with a new artificial
limb and efforts are being made to give
him every opportunity to return to useful
employment. I do not know what the
outcome will be?perhaps he will be
found to be unable to handle substantial
employment, at which point there will
certainly be no further question about
his eligibility for social security disability
benefits.
INQUIRY TO SECRETARY CELEBREZZE
But this, case led me to wonder how
much coordination there is?and how
much there could be?of the social se-
curity disability and the vocational re-
habilitation programs, both of which are
Well administered through the Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare
by capable and dedicated officials. Con-
sequently, I sent the following letter to
Secretary Anthony J. Celebrezze:
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
HOUSE or REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., March 22, 1965.
Hon. ANTHONY J. CELEBREZZE,
Secretary, Department of Health, Education
and Welfare, Washington, D.C.
DEAR. MR. SECRETAR Y : How much coordina-
tion is there between the people at social
security who deal with the disability bene-
fits program, and the State and local office
of the Vocational Rehabilitation Service?
I wish you would get both the outstanding
Director of Vocational Rehabilitation,
Mary E. Switzer, s.nd your fine Commis-
sioner of Social Security, Robert M. Ball, to
join in a report to me on how these two
programs are coordinated.
My inquiry arises from a case on which I
just worked. A constituent was rejected for
social security disability benefits on the
grounds that with the proper prosthetic
devices, and other rehabilitation service,
etc., he could be employable; the Missouri
Office of Vocational Rehabilitation apparent-
ly did nothing to help him because they felt
he was more likely a candidate for social se-
curity disability. After writing to one agency
and then to the other, I am happy to report
that the Missouri Vocational Rehabilitation
finally is going to provide him some service,
but whether he wiL be employable I cannot
say. But for months this man was shuttled
from one agency to the other, each saying
that he was the other's responsibility.
Since both programs are centered in your
department, I am sure you are actively seek-
ing to achieve the best possible coordination
between them where they are dealing with
the same individual. So I would appreciate
knowing what is being done and how it is
being done.
Sincerely yours,
Mrs. John B. Sullivan,
LEONOR K. SULLIVAN,
Member of Congress,
Third District, Mo.
REPORT ON COORDINATION BY COMMISSIONERS
BALL AND SWITZER
Mr. Speaker, I have today received a
report on this matter from the Commis-
sioner of Social Security and the Com-
missioner of Vocational Rehabilitation,
which I feel the Members would all want
to read. I have a high regard for both
officials, and I strongly believe in both
programs. When I first came to Con-
gress I was proud to vote for the ex-
panded vocational rehabilitation pro-
gram sponsored in the 83e1 Congress by
two Members from Pennsylvania, Rep-
reser ktatives McConnell and Xelley. And
of cc urse it was my great privilege to be
able to vote for the Mills bills which made
it pcssible for disabled workers to begin
colleoting social security before age 65;
first we reduced this age to 50, then re-
moviid the age requirement entirely. As
good as these programs are, we must
consliantly work at keeping them alert
to the problems of the individual.
M7. Speaker, the report referred to is
as fc Bows :
THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION, AND WELFARE,
Washington, D.C., May 17, 1965.
Hon. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN,
How e of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MRS. SULLIVAN: The question con-.
taim d in your letter of March 22, 1965, re-
gard ng coordination between the Social
Security Administration and the Vocational
Rehnbilitation Administration relates to a
subj act of utmost importance to our depart-
men:, I am enclosing a report by Mr. Robert
M. Ban, Commistioner of Social Security, and
Miss Mary-E. Switzer, Commissioner of Voca-
tion:a Rehabilitation, on this matter. Please
call ni me if you desire any further informa-
tion on these programs.
Sincerely,
W/LBUR J. COHEN,
Acting Secretary.
REPORT FOR REPRESENTATIVE LEONOR K. SUL-
LY/AN ON THE COORDINATION BETWEEN THE
Sc CIAL SECURITY AND VOCATIONAL REHABILI-
TATION PROGRAMS
WI can assure you that there has been,
and continues to .be, close coordination be-
tweE n the Social Security Administration and
the -Vocational Rehabilitation Administra-
tion on all matters of mutual program In-
terest affecting rehabilitation for individuals
who 'applyfor disability insurance benefits.
Our respective staffs are constantly seeking
imp levements in methods and techniques for
coordinating joint efforts. The Social Secu-
rity Administration and Vocational Rehabili-
tation Administration endeavors in this area
are based on the congressional intent that
disability applicants with vocational reha-
biliiation potential be identified, referred,
and given vocational rehabilitation services
wherever possible to restore them to produc-
tive capacity.
Individual determinations to provide serv-
ices of course, fall within the jurisdiction
of Mate vocational rehabilitation agencies.
Eadi agency operates with joint Federal-
Stale financing under a State plan which is
con iistent with the Federal vocational reha-
bileation law and the regulations issued
thereunder. We are constantly striving to
assure that disability applicants who have
a potential for rehabilitation are afforded
the :opportunity to get those services from
the State agency. We have made consider-
able, progress along these lines, with an in-.
crei sing number of applicants rehabilitated
eac:f year; however, we also recognize that
molt remains to be done.
'I be large number of applicants for dis-
a.bi: ity benefits presents a continuing prob-
lem for the limited supply of State vocational
rehabilitation financial resources and facili-
ties. So that these facilities and resources
can be utilized most effectively, it has been
necessary for State agencies to adopt a reha-
bit tation screening process to select for
rehabilitation consideration those who are
moat likely to have capacity for restoration
to productive activity. We have arranged
to have the agency review every disability
applicant's file for rehabilitation potential,
taking into account, among other things, the
nal bre of his disability and his vocational
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