THE SITUATION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110019-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 19
• Publication Date: October 8, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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October 8, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE. 2550
tares a study of the 1st amendment to
the Constitution.
As a native of our fine State of Ala-
bama, it is with equal pride and com-
mendation that I point to the forth-
right courage of WBRC-TV in taking a
position of leadership in planning and
bringing to fruition such a series as
"Rights and Responsibilities."
The programs, which are perhaps best
described as a determined effort to re-
late our responsibilities to our rights,
present discussions by such persons as
Dr. Billy Graham, recognized through-
out the world as a member of the clergy
who represents both leadership and a
high sense of moral integrity.
There are others in this initial set of
programs who share equal position in
their own fields of endeavor. Pat Boone,
famous on movie screen and television,
presents two of these 5-minute color
television features.
Others participating in this series are
Art Linkletter, nationally known as an
entertainer in both radio and television,
and Bob Considine, one of our country's
leading newspaper reporters and writers.
This series, although produced at some
considerable expense by the Taft Broad-
casting Co., will be offered at no cost to
all commercial and educational televi-
sion and radio stations in the country.
Dr. Graham addresses himself to
"Freedom of Religion," while Mr. Con-
sidine reviews "Freedom of the Press,"
Mr. Linkletter analyzes "Freedom of
Speech," and Mr. Boone presents a dis-
cussion on "Background to the 1st
Amendment" and "The Rights of Assem-
bly and Petition."
I am told that future programs deal-
Ing with the Bill of Rights are in pro-
duction.
Mr. Schlinkert, in introducing the
series, said in part: .
The great city of Birmingham has been
the focus of national attention in recent
years as a result of the dialog on civil rights.
We recommended the development of this
series because we believed that citizens
everywhere would profit by a clear delinea-
tion of the responsibilities that accompany
the rights reserved to us, employing the
broadcast media as the most effective. way to
reach the most people.
Mr. Lawrence H. Rogers, II, president
of the Taft Broadcasting Co., said
further:
After studying Mr. Schlinkert's suggestion,
and recognizing the critical need of a re-
study of the Bill of Rights and the implicit
responsibilities required of every citizen, we
decided to place our fullest possible resources
behind this effort. We have sought and ob-
tained the services of eminent performers
and writers whose names are calculated to
attract the largest potential audiences.
May I say, Mr. President, to you and
to my distinguished colleagues, after
seeing this preview presentation of these
programs, every thought expressed by
both Mr. Rogers and Mr. Schlinkert has
reached full realization.
For example, a part of Mr. Linkletter's
statement reads:
The architects of our Republic put into
our hands the most powerful forces for criti-
cism and reform that have * ever . been ac-
corded any- people in any country. They
said if you are silent when you disagree, you
become the victim of your own silence. If
you fail to use this freedom, you abdicate
responsibility.
Or take the words of Dr. Graham, a
part of his stirring presentation:
Remember how the amendment begins:
"Congress shall make no law * * *."
Those five words express the most daring
concept of true freedom that has ever ex-
isted-no human law can come between a
man and God. But this right to enjoy free-
dom of religion-like all rights-has a cor-
responding responsibility. Not only must
we give to other faiths the privileges we en-
joy, but we must make sure that we our-
selves do not misuse or abuse this precious
heritage.
This series of programs developed by
the Taft Broadcasting Co. deserves high
commendation. It should make us all
proud to be part of a generation that
has produced such leaders in this most
advanced form of communication-
broadcasting.
REVITALIZATION OF THE U.S.
MERCHANT MARINE
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, Adm.
Wilfred J. McNeil, president of the
Grace Line, recently submitted to the
Under Secretary of Commerce for Trans-
portation a statement of position and
outline of recommendations for revitali-
zation of the merchant marine.
The proposals of Admiral McNeil con-
tain many positive suggestions which
would require legislative action and sub-
stantial changes in present administra-
tive policies.
I believe that his statement should be
studied by all of us who have an interest
in the maintenance of an adequate and
healthy U.S. flag merchant marine.
Therefore, I ask unanimous consent to
include the statement in the RECORD at
this point.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT OF POSITION AND OUTLINE OF REC-
OMMENDATIONS FOR A REVITALIZATION OF
THE U.S. MERCHANT MARINE
1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There is general agreement that the U.S.
Government's policy on the merchant marine
is in need of a new look if the U.S. merchant
marine is to be revitalized sufficiently to play
the substantial role in the carriage of our
foreign commerce which the American peo-
ple expect and our national well-being re-
quires. First, It is essential that it be recog-
nized that the merchant marine involved in
foreign trade consists basically of three ma-
jor and distinct segments: (a) common-
carrier liners; (b) industrial carriers of
proprietary cargoes; and (c) tramps or for-
hire vessels. Each segment requires some-
what different treatment.
The problem is by no means impossible or
even overly difficult of solution in compari-
son with other problems which Government
and industry have met and solved in our gen-
eration. Able men who will apply common
sense and vigor to the task can, with a num-
ber of specific steps which we outline below,
turn the situation of the U.S. merchant ma-
rine into one of which we can all be proud.
11. LINER SEGMENT IS BASICALLY SOUND
The liner segment of the merchant marine
is basically sound as a result of successful
implementation of the 1936 act as a liner act.
U.S.-flag liners carry almost 40 percent of
the revenue tons in the total commercial
U.S. liner freight market.
With exception of the United Kingdom,
our present cargo liner fleet is larger than
that of any other maritime power.
Our cargo liner fleet now includes more
than four times as many 20-knot ships as
any other fleet in the world; the subsidized
lines are currently building 75 percent of
the world production of such high-speed
liner ships.
When the current vessel replacement pro-
gram is completed, the United States will
have the newest and most modern fleet of
cargo liners of any nation, with shipboard
automation and cargo handling equipment
second to none.
IN. OBSTACLES TO GREATER PROGRESS UNDER
1936 ACT
Since the passage of the 1936 act:
Successive administrative decisions within
the Maritime Administration have added a
large body of regulation and interpretation
to the basic language of the 1936 act, most
of which tends to dilute and erode the
parity concept and purpose as initially laid
down by Congress and which was the basis
for many of the liner companies proceeding
under the U.S. flag.
MARAD has issued a long list of arbitrary
rulings over the years denying parity on a
number of operation and construction items.
The cumulative effect has become unbear-
able as a result of proposed and possible
major disallowances applicable to (1) man-
ning, (2) wages, and (3) pension and other
benefits arrived at through open and honest
collective bargaining. (Even though some
recent decisions by the Maritime Subsidy
Board have been reversed by the Secretary of
Commerce, the effect of the Secretary's new
procedure is still retroactive since new com-
mitments made in good faith under long
term contracts would be subject to disallow-
ance after the fact.)
The Maritime Subsidy Board is attempting
without congressional approval or action to
change the scope and purpose of the act by
issuing a series of new regulations and policy
directives which depart from the congres-
sionally mandated parity principle:
"4. The granting of the aid applied for is
necessary to place the proposed operations of
the vessel or vessels on a parity with those of
foreign competitors * * *." (46 U.S.C11171.)
Continuing inability of the U.S. liner fleet
to guarantee shippers and travelers depend-
able and regular service because of strikes and
work stoppages. (A large part of the labor
problem is brought on because of a lack of
adequate machinery to settle manning and
work disputes of an interunion nature that
are now aggravated by the trend toward ship-
board automation.)
IV. OUTLINE PLAN FOR REVITALIZATION OF THE
MERCHANT MARINE
A. Reaffirm the parity principle of the 1936
act and simplify administration
1. Through congressional review and exec-
utive action, rescind the large body of re-
strictive administrative rules and regulations
that have diluted the parity principle since
passage of the act.. (Parity does not guaran-
tee profits; it is intended only to put the U.S.-
flag operator on an equal footing with his
foreign competitor by offsetting the extra
costs of having to maintain high American
standards In conducting business in the
United States, particularly in wages paid to
seamen.)
2. Administrative requirements and ac-
counting procedures connected with subsidy
payments are unduly complicated and ex-
pensive for the U.S. Government and the op-
erator. These can and should be simplified.
3. Create an atmosphere which will en-
courage private capital to invest in the ship-
ping business under the U.S. flag.
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X506 C03VGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October 8, 1965
B, Continue the trade-route concept in the permanent machinery for the settlement of allow for granting necessary waivers to for-
liner trades disputes of an interunlon nature. eign-flag carriers to maintain good faith in
Strengthen the trade-route concept fur- With such assurance, the U.S. Government the equal access agreements negotiated by
ther by substituting minimum/maximum might then proceed to bring life to other U.S.-flag carriers with their foreign com-
ships or ship-days per year for present sys- segments of the merchant marine, by giving petitors under the direction and with the
tern of minimum/maximum voyages in each consideration to the following: approval of U.S. Government agencies.
trade route and allow for reasonable profit-, 1. Approving a plan for the construction 4. Continue the present policy of cargo
making opportunities through greater flexi- of up to 200 bulk vessels over a 5- to 10-year preference, but improve administration
bility in ports of call as service demandsfor period, if found commercially feasible, under through centralized statistical and routing
various voyages on any given trade route. the terms governing liner ship construction control.
C. Separate ship construction and ship op- to be conditioned upon agreement by labor 5. Develop and carry out an adequately
eration subsidy support to a workable mechanism for the settlement financed and manned program for promotion
of manning and related work disputes as well of the U.S. merchant marine contemplated
Establish construction-differential subsidy as jurisdictional disputes of an interunion by the 1936 act. This activity should con-
payments on a basis of direct support to the nature. Providing operating subsidies for sist of an intensive and continuing effort on
shipbuilding industry rather than through such new and modern bulk carriers in the the part of the U.S. Government utilizing all
the ship operator. The present arrangement tramp trades to responsible U.S.-Sag opera- available information media, direct solicita-
needlessly involves the ship operator in sup- tors, including operators presently holding tion and contact, speakers' bureau, and the
port of the shipbuilding industry which has Government liner-operating contracts. Such other: standard paraphernalia of product pro-
no direct relationship to efficient ship man- operators should be required to enter into an mon and public relations.
agemenI or operation. (The ship operator operating contract that includes: VV. J. MCNEm,
is a buyer and user of a transportation ve- (a) Provisions for compulsory replacement President,
hicle and the separation between him and the of such vessels through tax-deferred reserves;
shipbuilder should be as distinct as between Grace Line, Inc.
(b
A li
i
)
m
tation of operation to shipload
Boeing and United Airlines, Mohawk Airlines or bulk cargoes but without trade-route re-
and British Aircraft Cor
p
on
l
s
ga
e routes under con- CAN REPUBLIC
Establish a level of activity necessary to ference rules.
the maintenance of an adequate ship.-con- As rapidly as the new bulk fleet is avail- Mr, DODD. Mr. President, while there
struction industry. Make subsidy payments able, permit only world rates to be charged are those who still insist that the al-
to support shipyards up to that level, regard- (eliminate premium rate payments) for ministration failed to prove its case in
less of the volume of shipbuilding for U.S.- Government-sponsored, shipload cargoes as arguing that the Dominican revolt had
flag carriers. The shipyards, with costs an offset to the cost of operating subsidies.
equalized, could then bid for work on an in- (As an example of other beneficial effects, been taken over by the Communists, the
ternational basis, and be kept sound re- such action should also serve to stimulate news now coming out of the Dominican
gardless of level. of ship orders from American overseas sales of farm surplus.) The plan Republic should be sufficient to prove to
operators. Conversely, U.S. operators could outlined above will require additional funds all but the willfully blind that the ad-
build their ships abroad and register them for subsidies to shipyards for ship construe- ministration's estimate of the degree of
under U.S. flag for operation should the -tion if an additional number of ships are to Communist influence and control in the
subsidy for U.S. shipyards be exhausted or be built in U.S. yards. The overall Federal rebel movement was, if anything, an
U.S. shipyards were not. reasonably competi- budget might well be kept at the same level
tive even after subsidy. (An example of such through reevaluation of national priorities. underestimate.
a system is the French Government's method 2. Makingspecial provisions for industrial Under the protection of the cease-fire,
of subsidizing shipyards. A construction dif- ocean carriers of proprietary cargoes to con- the Communists emerged openly as the
ferential is paid. directly to the yards who are vert to U.S.-flag operation through favorable real controllers of the rebel sector.
then free to bid, for foreign as well as French depreciation schedules, tax deferment on They openly operated three training
operators' work; in 1963, 35 percent of French ship replacement reserves, permission to centers for propagandists and guerrillas, ards' work
of ~
tons
was
for
for
abroa yign account and in 096r gross
Pe cent of a total ncenti es d if necessary, and other similar which. are reputed to have
graduated
of 538,000 gross tons was for foreign ac- 3. Undertaking an aggressive program for more than 5,000 alumni, who have now
count.) the replacement of passenger ships designed fanned out throughout the territory of
The present tripartite arrangement involv- to compete on a worldwide basis for the sea- the Republic.
ing the ship operator as well as the shipyards going traveler. (Every significant maritime By various devices they smuggled most
and the Government results in: nation is today embarked on such a program of their arms out of the zone into the
1. Pressure for uneconomic standarciiza- for prestige, defense readiness, benefits to its
tion. cargo-carrying trade, and other national countryside. Some estimates have it that
3. The Government exercising prerogatives interests.) more than 10,000 weapons were moved
of management in dictating details of design E. Other steps generally applicable to all into the countryside in this manner,
and construction of vessels because of a false segments while the negotiations between the junta
sense of partial ownership of the equipment.
1. Establish a Federal shi and the rebel forces were going on.
The operator, it should be remembered, pays p mortgage
cor-
the full world price fhis vessel, while the poration and makeFederal credit available
able Today in Santo Domingo there is
Government is price for helping the U.S. snipe to all segments-of U.S.-flag shipping industry alarming evidence that pro-Communists
Government sh a cony helping
lti the U.S. The at reasonable rates; permit these and reserve have kbe:en given a number of highly im-builder
throu ship operator is benefited only s the extent funds to be used for land transportation portant positions in the provisional gov-
that he is able to use tax-deferred reserves equipment and facilities where they are an erriment of Garcia (IOdo
for construction of his vessels. adjunct to ocean transportation, in line y'
3. An ineffrcfaint, uneconomic, and often with the modern trend toward integrated There is also the alarming fact that the
controversial csystem between the transportation. only two papers published in the entire
controv es l contracting ontracts and the between the 2. Redirect efforts of MARAD to meaning- country are the Communist papers
overnment. Ful and commercially applicable research, printed in the rebel zone.
As an ir, shipbu
ate e, the ilmraand the present Gtri-
assistance
partite arrangement should be modified to axperie ndustr , and cooperative assistance The major Dominican papers, which
permit a more direct contract relationship a althe industry in developing new tech-
in shipbuilding, shipping operation, are anti-Communist, remain shut down
between the builder and the operator. Also port facilities, cargo handling, integration because of the strike by workers under
in the interim, comparisons for subsidy pur- Af different modes of transportation, and Communist influence.
poses must continue to be based on construe-
tion :)a,-trade facilitation, promotion, and
prices in the lowest-priced responsible There is the further alarming fact that
shipbuilding country. ievelopment. The liner fleet operators the Communists have apparently been
itand ready to contribute to ,.,,..i. .. n..--W
ment policy for a larger merchant marine, .ong-range research/ should be left to the Mr. President, I would strongly urge
as outlined below, obtain maritime labor :1avy to accomplish because of their facilities all of my colleagues and especially those
concurrence in cutting costs for all segments and the lack of immediate value to commer- who have had doubts about the degree
of themerchant marine through automation dal operations. These programs would have of Communist influence in the rebel
and proper manning scales; and in reducing more immediate promise for military pur- movement, to read the several items
or eliminating problems resulting from poses.
interunion rivalry-perhaps through con- 3. Take appropriate action to implement insert .I now
ask unanimous consent to
solidation of seagoing personnel into two sand live up to agreements providing equal insert into the RECORD.
national groups, one for unlicensed and one access to cargoes in foreign trade. Adminis- The first item is an article by Andrew
for licensed personnel, or for some adequate Iration of the cargo preference laws must C. McClellan, AFL-CIO inter-American
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OctAer 8, 1965 CONGRESS,IONAL RECORD - SENATE 25507
representative, in the Inter-American
Labor Bulletin.
The second item is the transcript of a
ABC radio program, in which Mr. Mc-
Clellan was interviewed by Mr. Harry
W. Flannery.
The third item is a remarkably de-
tailed article by the veteran U.S. News &
World Report correspondent, Mr.
Howard Handelmann.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD;
as follows:
[From the Inter-American Labor Bulletin,
September 1965]
COMMUNISTS' CONTROL OF REBELS SEEN AS
THREAT TO DOMINICAN STABILITY
(By Andrew C. McLellan)
(NoTE.-The following article is based on
a recent visit to the Dominican Republic by
the AFL-CIO Inter-American Representative.
It is a sequel to an earlier firsthand report
published in the June issue of the Inter-
American Labor Bulletin.)
Although the OAS Ad Hoc Commission an-
nounced that leaders of the two opposing
forces in, the Dominican Republic on
August 11 had reached an agreement of
reconciliation and defibed terms for the in-
stallation of a Provisional Government, it is
doubtful that, In present circumstances, the
existing political stalemate will be broken for
many months to come. Communist influence
and dominance over the rebel forces appears
to be strong enough to stall any meaningful
settlement.
Prior to August 11, in an effort to pressure
the leaders of the warring factions to ex-
pediate an agreement, wide publicity had
been given to three documents drafted in
consultation with the two warring factions.
The three documents were the Institutional
Act, to serve as a temporary political con-
stitution until the election of a constitu-
tional government 9 months from the
installation of a Provisional Government;
an "Act of Dominican Reconciliation" spell-
ing out the terms of the settlement between
the opposing factions; and the declaration
to the Dominican people.
PROVIDE GENERAL AMNESTY
The two acts provide for a general amnesty,
incorporation of the rebel zone (an esti-
mated 80 blocks in downtown Santo
Domingo) into the security zone, abolition
of the zone in 30 days, collection of all arms
in the hands of civilians, and negotiations
between the Provisional regime and the OAS
to decide the functions and programing of
the withdrawal of the 12,000-man Inter-
American Peace Force. Meanwhile, all
Dominican officers, noncommissioned officers
and enlisted men, would return to their
respective bases, holding the ranks and
grades held as of April 24, with full guaran-
tees that no reprisals would be taken for their
acts during the revolution, except in the cases
of "acts of common crime."
While both General Imbert and Colonel
Camaano had agreed to the draft documents,
Camaano's Communist and extreme leftist
advisers informed the OAS Ad Hoc Commis-
sion that Camaano lacked the authority to
agree to the documents and that such au-
thority rested in the Council members. It is
these elements which are now blocking the
adoption of the peace formula designed to
end the 3-month conflict.
Foreign correspondents and other informed
sources are convinced that Colonel Camaano
and his collaborators are captive of the Com-
munists and extremists In the rebel camp.
The moderate elements are obviously afraid
to challenge the extremists who are admit-
tedly a minority faction but heavily armed
and united.
Informed sources In Santo Domingo believe
that the Communist elements concluded
weeks ago that each day which passes with-
out settlement is another day of victory for
them. The delay affords them additional
time for the guerrilla training and indoc-
trination programs they initiated weeks ago,
and nourishes the seeds of anti-American-
ism they have so well planted.
On August 8, the executive committee of
the Popular Socialist Party (PSP) met in a
"pleno" and publicly announced that it had
changed the name of the party to the Do-
minican Communist P6,rty (PCD) announc-
ing in the rebel newspaper, "Patria," that
the new name is "more scientifically exact
and eliminates all doubts about the ends
we pursue, and presents us before the eyes
of the working class and the people as that
which we really are-fighters for the cause
of communism." The new PCD is the pro-
Soviet wing of the Dominican Communist
group.
The pro-Peiping group, the Dominican
Popular Movement (MPD) now identifies it-
self publicly as the "partido marxistalenin-
ista" and is attacking the new PCD as being
"revisionist." It states that the PCD "re-
mains in its erroneous position" in spite of
having changed its name.
The MPD is calling for a "prolonged war
against the Yankee invaders," while the PCD
has taken a position supporting negotiations
with the OAS on the grounds that the rebels
are surrounded by a superior Yankee force
and should agree to a provisional govern-
ment rather than attempt a suicidal armed
struggle.
The pro-Castro group, the 14th of June
Movement (largest of the three groups) is a
definite and decisive part of the rebel move-
ment, is consulted on policy decisions, is con-
sidered extremely influential among the
militia, and Is opposing any settlement until
the Inter-American Peace Force is removed.
INDOCTRINATED BY REBELS
During a visit to Santiago de los Cabal-
leros, I m,It some young men whd had re-
ceived Communist indoctrination in the
rebel zone. The program had lasted about
2 weeks and consisted of lectures, films, dem-
onstrations, and a little drilling. The young-
sters stated that there were large groups
from the various provincial areas receiving
this type of indoctrination. A second con-
tingent of nine youngsters was to have left
Santiago, Tuesday, August 17, for the rebel
zone and a 2-week period of training.
Besides the indoctrination program
(which, according to reports emanating from
the rebel zone, is shooting for a total of 300,-
000); military and guerrilla training is being
openly conducted with an estimated 1,500
militiamen. These are uniformed militia,
training with arms.
It Is reliably reported that a large con-
tingent of young Haitians is being trained
in guerrilla warfare In the rebel zone. Con-
atral has some 30,000 Haitian canecutters
organized In the Sugar Workers Federation.
There is speculation that some of the young
Haitians are being trained to infiltrate the
democratic labor movement through the
sugar workers union in order to capture con-
trol of the broad-based, numerically strong
National Sugar Workers Federation.
Obviously then, the 14th of June Move-
ment, which is sponsoring these programs,
will not permit Caamafio to sign any agree-
ment for the establishment of a provisional
government until the training objectives
have been reached.
Estimates vary as to the number of people
in the rebel zone. American Embassy sources
estimate a rebel zone total population of
10,000 people. Some correspondents estimate
the total to be as high as 15,000. General
Palmer, commanding the U.S. forces in Santo
Domingo, feels that the 10,000 estimate is
more accurate.
The best available sources report that
around 25,000 arms are in the hands of civil-
ians. This is the number of arms Indis-
criminately distributed to the civilians on
April 24. The OAS Ad Hoc Commission
naively expects that the civilians will sur-
render these arms as soon as the act of
reconciliations is signed and a provisional
government is installed. The military and
paramilitary training now being conducted
in the rebel zone indicates that future guer-
rilla tactics or campaigns lie ahead and arms
will be needed. Most of the arms have al-
ready probably been cached along with am-
munition and supplies for future prolonged
guerrilla warfare in the interior.
THE LABOR SITUATION
Conatral, the democratic labor confedera-
tion and the Dominican ORIT affiliate, has
remained neutral during the revolution. It
refuses to support either General Imbert or
Colonel Caamafio. In the early days of the
revolution, the Conatral headquarters was
assaulted by rebels led by known Communist
elements who stole all the office equipment,
typewriters, mimeograph machines, tape
recorders, and personal effects; destroyed the
records and files; and set up a defense com-
mand post in the building. Five of the nine
jeeps were burned or confiscated. On Satur-
day, August 14, a rebel defector informed us
that some of the office furniture was still in
the building.
The executive committee members of
Conatral are now operating temporarily from
the AIFLD Institute with the ORIT repre-
sentative. The institute Is located in the
international security zone. With the four
remaining jeeps, the leaders of Conatral have
maintained contact with the provincial fed-
erations and most of the provincial unions
throughout the country.
During my stay in the Dominican Repub-
lic, I visited the Cibao area, which is the
main agricultural and industrial center of
the interior. I was able to ascertain that
the democratic labor movement has remained
intact since the revolution started. Outside
Santo Domingo there is no curfew. Except
for the military roadblocks on the main
highways, the country appears to be normal.
Seasonal unemployment in the sugar indus-
try is normal and the banana workers report
that the same situation exists in the banana
zone.
All factories are working, retail sales are
slightly above those of the same period last
year, agricultural produce is easily obtain-
able and no food shortages are evident in
the interior.
The provincial Dominicans appear to be
curiously detached from the political chaos
in Santo Domingo.
UNEMPLOYMENT IS HIGH
Unemployment has always been a major
problem in the Dominican Republic, and all
available estimates at this time indicate
that the unemployment and underemploy-
ment level is approximately 37 percent. In
normal times, international charity organi-
zations were feeding 7 percent of the total
population. At the beginning of the revolu-
tion some 17 percent of the people were being
given food. Today, it is estimated that some
12 percent are receiving free food.
Seven of the major banks are In the rebel
zone. Many of the labor organizations have
accounts in these banks. These accounts are
now frozen. At the same time, the flow of
credit has been crippled, and businessmen
and industrialists operating on limited capi-
tal, are finding it difficult to pay salaries and
maintain their inventories. Two-thirds of
the sugar industry is owned by the Govern-
ment through the Dominican Sugar Corp.
Because of the shortage of currency, sugar
workers' wages in the corporation are run-
ning behind 6 to 8 weeks.
The OAS, which had been funding the
Loyalist government operation, has shut off
the funding, with public employees and civil"
servants unpaid since July.
The Hotel Workers Federation has estab-
lished a mutual aid fund for an estimated
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 25508
Approved
cas ` quite clearly. He pointed out a num-
ber of holes in many of the hypotheses of
Senator FULBRIGIIT's Position. I think many
people in the Dominican Republic today are
harpy because the United States intervened
whim it did and with the force it did.
nfr. FLANNERY. In other words, you are
saying that there was Communist influence
in the revolution.
hh'. MCLELLAN. Definitely so.
Mr. FLANNERY. What about the democratic
labor federation of Santo Domingo? Wasn't
it attacked during this revolt period?
Mr.MCLELLAN. On the second day of the
revolution, the offices of the National Con-
fed;3ration of Dominican Workers was as-
saulted, attacked. Equipment was stolen-
typewriters, mimeograph machines, tape re-
corders-most of the written records were
desh?oyed and the building was taken over
as a rebel command post.
Mr. FLANNERY. Was the democratic labor
confederation able to continue In any way?
Mr. MCLELLAN. Oh, yes. Five of the nine
vehicles were either burned or confiscated
by the rebels; but with four remaining ve-
hid es, the executive committee of the demo-
craelc labor movement, Conatral, have suc-
ceaRfully kept the labor movement In the
Dominican Republic intact throughout these
fou r very difficult months:
Ivir. FLANNERY. Were there some embassies,
too that were not reported in the early
stories as having been attacked by the rebels
in t hose early days?
Mr. MCLELLAN. To my knowledge, Mr.
Flalnery, five embassies were attacked be-
side:s the U.S. Embassy. One was badly
bui ned-the Embassy of El Salvador.
Mr. FLANNERY. You had knowledge of this
impending event, I believe before it oc-
curred, didn't you, because of our contacts
-dovOi there?
Mr. MCLELLAN. Yes. We have been watch-
ing the situation very carefully since an in-
cident occurred last year; that was the blow-
ing up of an army arsenal at Fort Ozama.
Thei head of the triumvirate, Donald Reid
Cabral, invited an OAS investigating team to
go down and investigate the situation.
While, to my recollection, the report was
never made public, they did establish the
face that there were rebellious officers in
the-army whom they described as the San
Cri,itobal clique which were, in effect, setting
the.early stages for an insurrectional move-
me:it.
F.ecently, one of the top rebel military
leaders defected from the rebel zone and
sought asylum in Puerto Rico and on his
arr.val, he admitted that the insurrectional
mo cement had actually been planned almost
a year ago-which would coincide, pretty
much, with this blowup of the arsenal. So,
it vrasn't a spontaneous insurrectional move-
melt. The speed, the efficiency, the profes-
sioital-manner in -which the revolution was
mo anted, indicates that this was planned,
anc'very well planned.
Mr. FLANNERY. What you are saying, Mr.
Mc::ellan, is that if the United States had
not intervened at the time it did, that we
would have had another Communist state
in i he Western Hemisphere.
IM[r. MCLELLAN. I would say that there is
a s song possibility that we would have had
anciher Cuba on our hands.
hlr. FLANNERY. Is the situation improved
today?
Mr. MCLELLAN. I don't know how you
wo'ald discuss the situation as being im-
proved. We do have peace between the
warring factions. There is a provisional
gov ernment.
Many of the requisites of the so-called
act _of reconciliation, which were signed by
both warring factions, will not be lived up to,
In my opinion. One, the demand that all the
arms in civilian hands be turned over to
the provincial government. I think it's naive
to expect this. There are probably over
8, -1965
20,000, or maybe as many as 25,000, arms in-
discriminately distributed in the early days
of-the revolution, In the hands of civilians.
While a number of old weapons are being
turned in to the arms checkpoints-as stated
in the act of reconciliation-many of the new
arms have already been hidden in the prov-
inces and, :I assume, will be used at some
later date when another revolutionary period
comes along.
Mr. FLANNERY. What about the Commu-
nist parties? I think you said previously
thatthere are three major Communist par-
ties In Santo Domingo. Are these still con-
tinuing and are they growing stronger or
weaker?
Mr. MCLELLAN. I think .they came out of
this much stronger. The recent reports from
the Dominican Republic indicates that when
these young rebels began returning to their
homes in some of the provincial areas, they
went back convinced that they had won the
revolution. They had intensive guerrilla
training behind them-after 4 months in
the rebel zone. They are very aggressive, they
are returning home like heroes. They have
been given Intensive training, they know
where arms can be located in the various
caches and, more important, it was during
the 4 months-or rather it was last month-
when two of the Communist parties came
out and openly declared themselves. The
political group known as the Popular Social-
ist Party held a planning session In August
and came out with its naive changed to the
Dominican Communist Party. This is a party
which adheres to the Moscow wing.
The Popular Dominican Movement, or the
group known as the MPD, began listing itself
as the Marxist-Leninist party-this is the
party which follows the Peiping line. And,
of course, the larger party-the pro-Castro
party, the 14th of June Movement, has never
made any bones about its identification.
So, during this period, as I say, In the
month of August, the three parties publicly
stated what they were and what their role
was in this whole revolutionary movement.
Mr. FLANNERY. What is the form of indoc-
trination and training in these parties?
Mr. Mc:LELLAN. There were two types of
training going on in the zone during this 4-
month period. There was Indoctrination of
youngsters from different parts of the coun-
try going on for 2 weeks of, I suppose, pro-
Communist indoctrination. Some of the
youngsters that I spoke to when I was over
there some 3 or 4 weeks ago and who had
received this training, said they saw Com-
munist movies, they were lectured to by
members of the Communist Party.
The other type of training was strictly
paramilitary. Most of the foreign corre-
spondents who visited the zone saw this
training being conducted on a day-by-day
basis. A group from 50 to 200 or 300 in
different parts of the rebel zone were out
daily exercising with weapons and drills and
obstacle courses. There was additional in-
formation Indicating that in the evenings
they also were exposed to films, movies, and
lectures on the manufacture of Molotov
cocktails, tactics, sabotage procedures, and
so on.
Mr. FLANNERY. Are these three major
Communist Parties likely to get together?
And, if they did get together at the time of
elections, could they win the election, con-
ceivably?
Mr. MCLELLAN. Well, I doubt that they
would get together on the election front, al-
though they had no difficulty in coordinat-
ing their activities within the rebel zone.
We are thinking of a geographical area of
probably (1 to 8 to 80 square blocks and they
were able to live, work, and operate jointly
In that zone.
At the time of the final negotiations for
the termination of hostilities, the Peiping
lining MID group took the position that
they should fight to the'last man. The PSP,
which later began the Dominican Commu-
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CONG]ESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE October
300 hotel workers whose places of employ-
ment are in the rebel zone and closed
down. Similar efforts are being made to, as-
sist commercial workers and retail clerks who
are unemployed for basically the same rea-
son. These two groups appear to be the most
affected by the situation in Santo Domingo.
SOME UNIONS BENEFIT
Many trade union groups still find the
present situation favorable. Besides those
mentioned above, the transport workers and
taxi drivers are busier than normal. In fact,
it was the increase in vehicular traffic which
caused a gasoline shortage.
The revolutionary labor arm of Bosch's
PRD, FOUPSA-CESITRADO, and the CLASC
affiliate, CASC, are supporting Camaano and
the rebels. Because of this, a number of,
CASC affiliates in the provinces have dis-
affiliated from the parent organization. Five
industrial unions in Santiago alone have
disaffiliated from CASC.
Conatral leaders are attempting to fill the
trade union vacuum in the provinces and
are programing a campesino program in the
rural areas. Emilio Antonio Checo, the Do-?
minican leader trained at the AIFLD Insti-
tute in Honduras through the joint AIFLD/
ORIT/AFL-CIO campesino l program, is now
setting up a 2-month campesino training;
program in Vega.
Latest reports from the Dominican Repub-?
lice indicate that an agreement, acceptable
to both factions, has been reached, on the
basis of modifications to the Act of Recon-
ciliation. The provisional presidential candi-
date is Hector Garcia Godoy, who is expected
to be sworn In and form a coalition cabinet.
The provisional government will reportedly
remain in office for 9_ months, and prepare
for elections to be held at the end of the 9??
month's period.
The provisional government will face many
problems, which no amount of economic aid
can solve. The matter of the arms recovery
is regarded as a 'major problem, as is the
political turmoil to which the country will
be exposed as the many political parties vie
for support during the 9'month caretaker
period.
Garcia Godoy, according to his own state-
ments, expects to form a cabinet of "honest,
dedicated, capable m?n . * ? " However,
under the present political situation such
men will be difficult to find, and those who
appear to be willing to serve In a caretaker
government, are politicos whose only interest
Will be the furtherance of the aims of the
political parties they represent. Under these
circumstances, social-economic development
Is virtually impossible, and political stability
a long way off.
[Broadcast of "As We See It," AFL-CIO public
service program, American Broadcasting
Co., Oct. 3., 1965] .
REDS STILL STRONG IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Participant: Andrew C.! McLellan, AFL--
CIO Inter-American Representative.
Moderator: Barry W. Flannery.
Mr.'FLANNERY. "As We See It."
Mr. MCLELLAN. Communist influence con-
tinues in Santo Domingo today.
Mr. FLANNERY. Andrew 1. McLellan, AFL--
CIO Inter-American representative, In his
latest report on the Dominican Republic, as
Interviewed for this radio station of the
ABC network and the AFL-CIO.
Mr. Mc.allan, prominent Members of Con-
gress, a number of editors, writers, and pro-
fessors have made the charge that the Com-
munist threat in the Dominican Republic
has been grossly exaggerated, and that the
United States did not need to intervene there.
What is your reaction, Mr. McLellan?
Mr. MCLELLAN. Well, of course, I completely
disagree with those who felt our intervention
was hasty and didn't help the situation. I
think that Senator DODD, in his recorded reply
to Senator FULBRIG:HT'S statement, stated the
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UNU IPSSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 25509
nlst Party, thought that that position was -headed by Hector Garcia Godoy, was set up This ambassador knows what the Ameri-
suicidal, that they didn't have the force or on September 3 under a conipromise ar- cans are trying to do here-divide the rebels
strength to defeat the inter-American peace ranged by the Organization of American and then conquer them. He just doesn't
force, The 14th of June movement would states. think it will work. The Americans believe
have supported-and stated so-the more During the days that followed, the rebels their formula does have a chance to work.
militant position-that is to say, they would seemed to be having things all their own
have gone along with the Peiping lining way. They retained control of their own WHAT THE REBELS DIDN'T GET
MPD. zone-downtown Santo Domino. Govern- To American officials, rebel
Mr. FLANNERY. Supposing the election does g gains at thi
ment police and troops didn't even try to get point seem more apparent than real. The
The
occur and whether or not they do unite, are in. They retained control of their arms- first job was to clean house on the right.
the Communists liable to take over, or do thousands of rifles and machineguns that Now the rebel turn is coming.
the non-Communist parties have enough they captured in the first days of the revolu- Rebels have not been granted any one of
strength and are they united enough? tion, back In April. their fundamental demands.
Mr. McLELLAN. I doubt that the Commu- The antirebel station run by the military The American officials say this:
nist Party could take over in a free election at the San Isidro air base was ordered oft When talks about a compromise settle-
in the forseeable future. You must remem- the air. There was no other voice to counter ment opened, the rebels plopped six basic
ber, Mr. Flannery, that the Dominican citi- the Communist propaganda of the newspaper demands on the table. Not a single one was
zens were subjected to almost 32 years of "Patria," published in the rebel zone. accepted. The demands were:
anti-Communist tirades by Dictator Trujillo. Rebel officials got jobs in the Government Withdraw the Inter-American Peace Force
I have traveled the length` and breadth of of Garcia Godoy, including cabinet posts. immediately.
the country and spent a considerable amount Rebels made demands on Garcia Godoy-he Fire all Dominican military chiefs of staff.
of time with plantation workers-mostly in made no public demands on them. Name a rebel officer as Dominican Army
the sugar and banana areas-and they have Brig. Gen. Elias Wessin y Wessin, dedi- chief of staff.
an inherent fear of communism. They cated anti-Communist, was hustled out of Let military men who joined the rebels
don't know what it is, but they know it is the country in an American Air Force trans- return to their services with the advanced
bad, and I would imagine it would be very port plane. ranks to which the rebels promoted them.
difficult for the Communist Parties to really The general was put aboard under the Restore the 1963 constitution of Juan
build up the type of support and following watchful eye of five armed FBI agents and Bosch.
necessary to win free democratic elections. a large detachment from the 82d Airborne Reseat the Congress elected in the Bosch
Mr. FLANNERY. That's tie reason for their Division. sweep of 1962.
weapons and for their training. The whole atmosphere was one of rebel, or Acceptance of these demands would have
Mr. McLELLAN. I would think so, yes. Communist, victory. meant a rebel victory. United States is
Mr. FLANNERY, They probably don't want Downtown, in the rebel zone, people sang pleased that a compromise was signed-
a free election then, do they? - revolutionary songs. Groups of rebel war- without giving in on any one of these de-
Mr. McLELLAN. I doubt it. riors marched through the streets chanting mands.
Mr. FLANNERY. Meanwhile, is the situation, revolutionary slogans. The Inter-American Peace Force troops
back In the country, in regard particularly In contrast, outside the rebel zone, there stay, indefinitely. The military chiefs of
to the production of bananas and sugar. cane were no such celebrations or victory claims. staff stay, at least for now, Wessin was not
going on in a fairly normal basis? Instead, there was gloom. Some American ~a chief of staff.
Mr. McLELLAN. Yes. When I was there, businessmen pulled up stakes and left. Oth- The Juan Bosch constitution is not ac-
which was in mid-August, it was difficult to ers requested transfers, or tried to settle their cepted-and a new one is to be written.
believe, outside of Santo Domingo, t hat affairs so they could leave. Dominican anti- No rebel officer gets high command. Offi-
there was, in effect, a civil war underway Communists, too, were down In the mouth. cers who fought for the rebels return to the
in the country. The provincial citizens had Some diplomats, from Europe and Latin military-with the ranks they held on April
a very curious detachment to the whole America, were convinced that all was lost 24, not with the ranks the rebels gave them.
thing. They were going about their business. to the Communists. to be elected.
They were working. Businessmen were com- Anew Congress
As an example of the general gloom, an Biggest thing g working against the Com-
plaining about the fact that the line of American resident told me: "You are here munists, in the U.S. view, is the continued
credits were being weakened or shortened or for a historic event-the first time that the presence of 82d Airborne Division troops.
being shut off because of the fact that seven American Army occupied a country in order American officials here, privately, express the
of the major banks in the country were in to turn it over to the Communists."
over normal. The sugar workers were work- One important Ambassador of a non-Latin government of Garcia Godoy is in power.
Ing, the industrial workers were working
country said: "Please tell me one single thing A
.
START BY cARC fA conoY
The only area effected, really, was the area that is better for your country now than it American officials are pleased with the
controlled by the rebels-the 80 blocks in was last April, when you sent in the marines. 'start Garcia Godoy has made. He is anti-
downtown Santo Domingo. The Communists are stronger now than they Communist. He Is consolidating his
post-
Mr. FLANNERY. Thank you, Andrew C. Me_ ever have been the this country. They have tion with the military and explained to of-
Lellan, AFL-CIO inter-American representa- open, publish their own ficers in advance why he had to get rid of
tive. in-
selves newspaper, hold conventions, veven call them- Wessin. He is firming up ties with the in-
Yreporter, Harry W. Flannery, invites openly. fluential. "Santiago group" of businessmen.
you Your be with us next week at this same "All the concessions are being made to the Early in the summer, United States tried
you when " with We See It" ek again comes as a Communists-none to the other side. The to help this group form a provisional ov-
presentation of the AFL-CIO and ABC pub- set le the
now they ask agreement for eynment. Now the United States is pleased
lie affairs. This program has been hrn,ioh.+
Wessin. Next it will be the other military Garcia Godoy are:
[From the U.S. News & World Report] chiefs. Already, the street mobs are de- His firm stand against General Wessin.
DO [Fro AN PUZZLE: HAS UNITED STATES manding that they go. They are calling your One V.S. official summed up American objec-
TURNEAOVER ZZA LE NATION TO THE REDS Two Ambasasdor, Mr. W. Tapley Bennett, a Nazi- tions to Wessin by saying, "He is so rigidly
SIDES and demanding that he be kicked out. anti-Communist that he creates more Com-
"Their gall Is enormous. In one edition of munists than he destroys."
(NOTE.-In April, President Johnson Patria, the Communists bragged in one state- Garcia Godoy's efforts to weaken the rebel
rushed Marines to the Dominican Republic ment that they were the power in the revolu- side by giving good Government jobs to
to save American lives, prevent Reds from tion-and, in another column, attacked Mr. rebels who show signs of concern about Com-
taking over a revolution. Five months later, Bennett for saying in April that Communists Inunist power downtown. These former
a temporary Dominican President is in office. were threatening to seize control of the revo- rebels are watched carefully during their
The United States has exiled the leader of lution. period of "rehabilitation." One already has
anti-Communist military forces. The Com- "In these months of revolution, the Com- been kicked out of the job of running the
munists continue to wield considerable pow- munists have built up their political and Government radio-TV station.
er. And American troops are still there to military apparatus far beyond anything they Garcia Godoy's care to avoid actions so
guard an uncertain truce. This question ever had here before, drastic that they carry too much risk of
is raised: Who really won in the Dominican "Also, the rebels now have the mystique- touching off new fighting.
Republic-the United States or Communists? the glamour and prestige that go with stand- The U.S. objective is to destroy the Com-
Howard Handleman of US. News & World ing up to the giants of the hemisphere and munist power-without getting into another
Report, who has covered the Dominican crisis the world-the Yankees. They have the shooting war. Idea is to break the rebel hold
from the start, .gives the inside story,) heroes and the legends and the slogans and on the downtown section, and have as many
SANTO DOMINGO.-This is the story of the the songs. They think they have won this guns collected as possible, before even con-
first days under the new Government of the revolution.
Dominican Republic. That government, "i am afraid they are right." t here g t armed action. Garcia Godoy shares
ese objectives.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SNt:
The United States is willing to wait a week
or two to break the rebel hold on downtown,
and collect guns. But it is recognized that,
in the end, it may be necessary to send in
Dominican troops and search every house for
weapons.
Possibility of a pitched battle between
Communist and non-Communist forces In-
side the rebel camp is not ruled out.. 'There
have been gunfights between these forces In-
side the rebel zone from time to time.
ACE IN THE HOLE?
As a result, there now is a tendency among
American officials to look on the' rebel "presi
dent," Col. Francisco Caamaflo Defio, as an
ace in the hole, on our side.
Conviction is that Caamafio doesn't want
the Communists to grab power any more
than Garcia Godoy does.
Caamano pledged that he would begin de-
livering guns soon. He also, according to
U.B. officials, has gone back into the army-
and accepts Garcia Godoy as his commander
in chief.
Others share the growing conviction that
Caamafio' will turn out to be ' an important
factor against communism.
A Dominican nationalist, prorebel and
anti-Yankee, says: "One of the strange
things about this situation is that the only
man who can save this country from commu-
nism, for you Yankees, is Caamafio-and I
gi' ren another way to go. He wants to offer sible,; so the, people have something to read
. 11
them that "other way. " other, than Communist propaganda. The
Therefore, he says, he is appointing as two big papers have not published since the
miry moderates and non-Communists, from, start of the revolution. Now the unions,
the rebel camp, as he can. presumably following Communist orders, are
American officials are not 100 percent satis- keeping them shut down by making exorbi-
flf d that this tactic will work-but are will- tant for 'the 4 months are d mandi eg full
it g to let Garcia Godoy give it a try.
all, American troops still are in the country, closed and had no income. Extremists in
of insurance against a Communist takeover. the unions also talk of handing the papers
The Garcia Godoy tactic is to divide and over to worker ownership and control-al-
conquer-which is the U.S. tactic here, too, though they call it "people's" ownership.
THE DOUBLECROSS: A WAY OF LIFE Other: things, too, bother U.S. officials.
Asked whether the Dominicans would be
Involved in this tactic, of course, is the ready for elections in 9 months, one official
grand old practice of the doublecross. And gave a one-word answer: "No." Juan Bosch
Via doublecross is a grand old Dominican bothers the United States, too. To the U.S.
habit, from way back. It is even contagious. Embassy people, Bosch is bad news. They
Americans have caught the spirit, here, from blame him for much of what has gone on
t!me to time. this summer. To them, he was a poor ad-
Some examples of the doublecross in this ministrator, as President in 1962. He did
revolution: things that helped Communists, like letting
Before the revolution, Imbert feared that some of the most dangerous return from
farmer President Joaquin Balaguer, his po- exile. Officials say his constitution of 1903
ltical enemy, planned a coup. Imbert, is a horror, with wording so vague that it
though an anti-Communist, made a deal gives the President almost any powers he
Nrith the Castrolte 14th of June Movement- wants to assume. He is anti-Yankee. He
even gave it arms. . pits class against class. The bill of partic-
During the first week in May, the United ulars against him goeti on and on. Right
f,tates decided Imbert was the man to form now, it is thought, Bosch has lost a lot of
t.n anti-Communist junta. Former Ambas- political popularity. But Bosch is a spell-
f ador John Bartlow Martin was sent in to binder, who, in the opinion of U.S. diplo-
persuade Imbert--who really was reluctant, mats, can win back much of his former popu-
no Tar+ of the mess. Mr. Martin de- ,,ri+.y vlith a few speeches. Also disturbing
t
tan
e
A ROLE FOR THE REVOLUTIONISTS? 'that 11e promised Imbert that the United tionarics.
The role of Caamafio is just one of the ;Sates would recognize his junta, and help it. Concern was centered on Maximo Lopez
president of the Chinese-line MPD,
things that make the Dominican problem so United States had no such intention. Molina
complicated. Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, Once the junta was formed, Imbert and the or popular Dominican Movement. Lopez
member of the GAS ad hoc committee that military chiefs vowed to stand together to Molina had spent some time in Japan, re-
arranged the compromise settlement, has the end. Then, by accident, Imbert learned cently moved to China-and had left China
confided to several people that this has been the chiefs were talking to Mr. Bunker-the for the Dominican Republic when the provi-
the most complex problem which he ever has OAS negotiator-behind Imbert's back. sional Government was formed-or seemed
tackled. The rebels signed two cease-fire agree- certain to be formed. The Institutional
The reasons are multiple-and obvious., ments-and kept neither. Act of the provisional government, written
Thirty years of Truji'llo's dictatorship, to The rebels signed the compromise peace- jointly by the OAS ad hoc committee and
start with, sapped the. spirit of the whole then made new demands before they would Dominicans of both sides, bans deportation
people. It was difficult Ito find anybody who live up to the agreement. or exile. By September 7, Lopez Molina had
would make a decision or take a stand. It's a way of life in Santo Domingo-this reached Kingston, Jamaica. A way was
The rebel forces were split into a number doublecross. found, next day, however, to block him.
of splinter groups-moderates and non-Com- The doublecross has to be stressed for one Lopez Molina was shipped to Paris, where he
munist nationalists of various persuasions; reason. If the tradition of the doublecross maintains his permanent home in exile.
plus Communists who follow the Chinese, is not kept firmly in mind, too much weight Other key Communists, however, have re-
Moscow, or Castro lines and fight among might be given to the present promises and turned:.
themselves. agreements. Garcia Godoy is working hand in glove
On the other side, there was a lack of Ambassador Bunker and his OAS colleagues with the Americans, and his goals apparently
political effectiveness. found this out during the months that they coincide with the main U.S. goals-unless, of
Old Trujillistas tried to muscle in, and did worked to get a compromise political settle- course, there is another doublecross in the
gain influence over the junta president, Gen. ment. Promises made one day were broken works.
Antonio Imbert Barreras. Old militarists the next. U.S. officials here in Santo Domingo still
jealously guarded their power and privilege. For this reason, Americans discussing the talk about the beating they took from some
Economically, the country is shot. chances of getting a settlement in fact, as of the U.S. press at the outset back in April,
Cheating on the Government was a na- well as on paper, always preface their dis- when Ambassador Bennett issued a call for
tional pastime.. Contraband was smuggled cussions with the assurance that the Amer- the marines.
in by the military--and merchants. For ican Army is in the country to protect Amer- They continue to point out newly revealed
political reasons, leaders who came after lean interests, if it has to. evidence of Coramurdst power within the
Trujillo inflated wages. At the same time, U.S. officials make no bones about the fact rebel camp, to support their conclusion that
the props were knocked from under the that they hope the American Army stays in U.S. intervention was necessary to save lives
Dominican export business by the collapse the Dominican Republic for at least 9 and keep the Communists from grabbing
of world market prices for sugar, coffee, and months-the full term of the Garcia Godoy power.
o - +11- hone the n - 4n+.,171de,1,,e now can demonstrate that
clear, the United States will hare to remain ANTI-COMMUNISTS, TOO, COULD MAKE
d in Dominican internal affairs
TROUBLE
l
ve
deeply invo
for a long time to come. Elements of future trouble are present al- AN INTERVIEW WITH WESSIN
Economically, the United States is going most everywhere. Not only are the Commu- Now we come to the case of Gen. Elias
to have a the keep the United afloat. nists organizing action groups around the - Wessin y Wessin.. On Tuesday, September 7, lly, PPolitic involved. d States Garcia (xoalready y country, and stockpiling weapons, but so are the story broke that American officials had
deeply . U.S. anti-Communist followers of Wessin y Wes- offered Wessin a bribe to leave the country.
olreaay is getting political advice from ept sin. That morning an anti-Communist Domici-
of$ciais here--although he does not ticcpt In this situation, President Garcia Godoy can newspaperman got me in to see Wessin
it all. is moving slowly. He has to, in order to when. four carloads of other newsmen were
As an example, tme officials have objected avoid touching off new fighting that Will blow stopped at the outside gates.
made his evtoal appoinCabinet,tmeor nts to other ochehigh Godoy Gov- v- up the whole effort to restore law and order The general said that two Americans had
n ed
ernm ent jobs. Garcia Godoy has rejected and set up a stable Government. offered to buy his $18,000 home-at any price
the U.B. protests, for the most part. He would like to crack down on the Com- he named-if he would leave the country
One of his main explanations to American munist newspaper, Patria, for example. But and take a tour, as honored guest, of esta
Pana e
officials who object is this: Non-Communists he can't risk it gright now. CInstead, he Listin hopes military Se teglis V ees in said his replyd the
to thewtl camp must not be isolated, forced . the two big papers,
aide with the Communists. They must ust be be Diario, can resume publishing as soon as pas- that he would sell his home for $60,000,
to
lluiu.y ass v,, ...?v-------------
as active when the revolt started still are
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L RECORD SENATE 25511
gladly, but that he would use the money to mats who criticize his military actions dur- den downtown, or in the rest of the coun-
build another and better home, right in front Ing the first days.
of the old one. But the main concern the American try, the officer would not try to guess.
Later that day, another high-ranking Do- foxy men feel, as expressed by an officer who AN ECONOMIC PROBLEM
minican officer told me more about the case. was brought in for a special high-level job, United States now has not only the polit-
He said that the CIA chief in Santo Domingo is this: For years, the United States has been foal and military problems, but the formid-
and an American military attache went to training Latin American officers at Fort Gu- able economic problem as well.
Wessin's home at 2:30 a.m. on Sunday, Sep- lick in Panama. These officers are indoctri- Here are some aspects of the aid problem:
tember 5, with the bribe offer. nated with the idea that the United States Government budget, runs $15 million a
Next day, high U.S. officials told me a dif- depends on them as bulwarks against com- month. Collections fell to $2 million in
ferent story. They said no bribe had been munism. What, asks the officer, are these May. got up to $9 million in September, are
offered, that Wessin initiated the meeting- Latin American officers going to think about not expected to reach $15 million before
but it was not at 2:30 in the morning. "It the word of the United States now? many months.
was much earlier than that." There had THE Sugar Corporation, Government-owned,
been other meetings, too. But Wessin asked REBELS CELEBRATE VICTORY
loses money and has to borrow $16 to $18
for each of these, too. Meanwhile, as General Wessin was being million a year to operate. Production costs
Piecing these two stories together, with stripped of his military rank, retired from are higher than the low world prices.
some things American officials told later, I the Army and forced out of the country by Coffee, a prime export, is in trouble. A few
think the story is this: the Americans, the rebels were celebrating years ago, the Dominican Republic cheated
The United States, through Garcia Godoy, their "victory." on the world Coffee Agreement, exported
put the pressure on Wessin to get out of the At rebel headquarters, in the Copello Build- more than its quota. Now, it is being penal.
country. Wessin dickered, explained he was ing on the main business street, El Conde, ized. In addition, coffee prices on the world
a poor man, would have to sell his home, I talked with Bill Baffles, an American air- market are very low, Result is that the
liquidate other assets. During the negotia- plane pilot who has been with the rebels little coffeegrowers, out in the countryside,
tions Wessin initiated individual meetings. almost from the start. aren't able to sell their coffee beans-and
Wessin did tell me that he, himself, set the We commented on how the guns had all don't understand why. That poses a polit-
price of $50,000 on his home. but disappeared from the streets of the rebel ical problem for Garcia Godoy-and the
The story of the physical ouster of Wessin, zone. Mr. Bailes said the guns were still United States,
at 8:05 on the evening of Thursday, Septem- there-that the night before, when rumors Cacao prices are down on the world market.
ber 9, reads like a paperback spy novel. Some- spread that Wessin was going to invade, guns Since Trujillo, the Dominican Republic has
time during the night of September 8-9, sprouted everywhere in the streets. been Importing more than it can afford,
Wessin began moving his tanks from the Mr. Bailes was exuberant with what he be- Trujillo was killed in 1961. He had kept a
northern part of Santo Domingo back to- lieves is a rebel victory. He praised the job tight rein on imports, showed a yearly (a-
ward his base. He did not inform the Inter- that had been done by the "American press." vorable balance in current trade accounts.
American military headquarters in advance. He said, "You reporters saw through the The figures tell the story. Current trade
There was panic, Ambassador Bunker was brainwashing of the American Government," balances, year by year, were: 1960-plus $42.6
pulled out of bed before 4:30 on Thursday and'+hen added, jokingly, "I am recommend- million; 1961-plus $41.8 million; 1962-
morning. He was out of the hotel before 7. ing that we strike a medal for the American minus $13.5 million; 1963-minus $22.8 mil-
He didn't return until 5 in the afterncon. reporters who covered this story." lion; 1964-minus $55.7 million.
Wessin's moves were confusing. On One of the sources of strength Garcia All these problems are manageable, how-
Wednesday morning he went before NBC Godoy hopes to keep, as a counter to the ever, compared to the really big one:
cameras and made his bribe charges openly- Communists in the rebel forces, Is the mill- This has been a country of easy living.
the same charges that he had confided se- tary. People didn't need peso incomes to live.
cretly to me only 24 hours earlier. As of mid-July, the Dominican armed They could pick bananas and get along. But
At the same time, Wessin seemed to- be forces had the following strength figures: now that's not good enough for them. They
yielding to Garcia Godoy's urging that he 10.000 Army; 3,800 Air Force; 3,600 Navy; want TV sets, and pesos in their pockets.
accept a post abroad for the good of the more than 10,000 in national police; 1,700 They want schools for their children, and
country. Godoy offered him his choice of in Wessin's armed forces training center. hospitals. Other people have these things,
several posts. Wessin said, on Wednesday, I talked with high-ranking military offi- and they want them too. Only problem is
that he would consider them, and made a cers, many of whom were gloomy. that, while they want the benefits that come
date to visit Godoy and give his answer on One in particular I had seen several times, from a money economy, they don't really
Thursday morning. in May and July, when the purely military understand yet that they have to work for
Wessin didn't show up for that date with situation was much worse than it is now, what they get.
his commander in chief. But never had I seen him so gloomy. Against these problems, and others, the
Somebody ordered the inter-American This officer said: U.S. mission for the Agency for International
Peace Force into action-presumably hit. "The situation is worse than anytime since Development went to work on estimates of
Bunker. Brig. Gen. John R. Deane, assist- April, what was needed.
ant division commander of the 82d Airborne, "During April and May, and Into June, you The mission came up with an estimate of
was sent to Wessin's office. By all accounts, at least could have faith in something-the $80 million, to start with. It recommended
there was a scene. Then, Wessin was es- military effort against communism. Now, that United States chip in $20 million, the
corted to General Deane's headquarters. He even that faith has been shattered. The Dominican Republic the other $10 million.
was hustled out, an American officer on each United States seemed to be against Commu- President Johnson agreed, announced his
arm, and whisked back to his own headquar- nists then. Now it doesn't seem to be. The $20 million aid program.
ters, a few miles away. United States instead seems to be protecting Initial planning calls for use of the money
Later, in the afternoon, an American Air the Communists, in these ways:
Force C-130 landed at Sari Isidro. Some bag- Exiled revolutionaries are coming back. Help make up the budget deficits, in
gage was put aboard. U.S. soldiers and lain- Arms are not being collected.
p "One provisional monthly operating costs, clothesmen, presumably FBI, guarded the p government, Imbert's, is Pay half the 1-month salary bonus that all
plane. After dark, just before 8 p.m., Wessin out and another one is in-but still the Cam- Government employees get in December.
arrived by U.S. helicopter, was rushed aboard munists keep their control of downtown Throw in some money to help rehabilitate
the airplane, and flown off to Panama. His Santo Domingo. What did the compromise manufacturing and business, generally-but
family was left behind. One of his aids, a agreement accomplish? not to help commerce.
major, was the only Dominican to see him "The Communists publish their newepa- Finance public works projects. Many sl-
og, pers-but the anti-Communists are ordered ready are underway, like the new water
The "bum's rush" for Wessin had some bad off the air, and have no newspapers." system being constructed for Santo Domingo.
effects. The officer was puzzled by the United But in addition, Garcia Godoy Is being given
American residents, as well as Domini- States-and said that he felt betrayed, add- a "pot" of $2 million to throw into public
cans, began recalling how Wessin had led the ing: works in areas where it will do the most good
forces against the rebels in the first days. A "We cannot understand your Government. politically. Idea is that United States wants
legend began to grow. Wessin was credited You send thousands to fight communism in Garcia Godoy to succeed; so U.S. money is
with saving the country from communism Vietnam-but give in to the - Communists being given to him to use for semipolitical
III the days before the marines landed. Wes- here." - purposes.
sin began to seem 9 feet tall. Neither does this officer think that all the On September 5, 2 days after the Garcia
American military officers have a more rebel guns will be surrendered or found. Godoy government took office, the AID people
solid, less emotional, objection. Most of them He said 2,500 weapons were found in the went over the books with the Government.
had liked Wessin, and admired him as a northern part of the city, after the junta The Dominicans were surprised. They were
military man. Generally, they agree his mil- victory in May-but that many others still "wealthier" than they had imagined.
itary did hold off the Communists in April are there, hidden too well or too deeply to They hadn't heard about President John-
until the marines landed, it is the diplo-, be detected. How Many more are being bid- son's promise of $20 million-because there
No. 187-8 .
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25512 COTGItESSIONAL RECORD SENATE October 8; .x965 erent
over
tional are no newspapers of general information in yours HOW rcawnamedicare inc ease yourrin- days- as total of 100adays. an And addiven of er
a
the But, capital.
Butut, in disch
stay) or fh rom an( extended
ital n addition to that, they found that you epri tax dedUCtionS? Should private health insurance poll ies?cancel at least a 3arge-dayfrom
they had: pro
you iconva-
care ed -ewe million dollars loans negoter rYou pvlaus1 other efinance xpandedhbenefits, by pay- diti rn.al medical rservices whylprescr
drew b byy previous governments, but never gram, drawn. ing social security tax on the first $6,600 of lesce at home.: If so, and if you are confined
Twenty to thirty million dollars in new your annual earnings after this year, instead to your home, :medicare will pay for as many
loans that will be available to finance proj? of the present $4,800. Also, the tax rate will as 100 visits during a 12-month period by a
ects the AID mission now is developing. go up to 4.2 percent. Thus on $6,600 or nurse, therapist, or part-time home health
Six and one-half million dollars in OA8 more of earnings, your withholding for so- aid..
emergency aid that has not been spent yet. cial security will be $277.20, a yearly increase Suppose you suffer a relapse? If it has
Total aid given since April 24 ran to $4`< of $103.20. Of this amount, $23.10 will be been less than 60 days since you left the
million. This was U.S. money, most 01` earmarked for your "prepaid" hospital insur- hospital or nursing home, the relapse is
through OAS. ance after age 65. Rates will increase again considered part of the same "spell of illness"
which was funneled $6.5 in 1967, to a maximum of $290.40, with $33 and you are entitled to any unused benefits.
One reason that een rent is of this sit. of that annual tax amount set aside for For example, assume your initial stay in the
money has not Yet been specs r that II than: medicare. hospital was for 40 days and that within the
ever o now is keeping a closer watch thathl, n To this extent, your participation In med- next 60 days your doctor orders you read-
is done n Republic. In wn h aid pn al I scare is compulsory. The supplementary in- mitted. You would still have 20 days during
of f the the aid id n money the past, a went , offi down ci thal ) s surance program covering doctor bills and which medicare would pay the full cost, plus
Dominican
say, much certain other expenses is optional. If you 30 more days during which it would pay all
drNn, in stopgap measures. sign up for it, the $3-a-month premiums cows over $10 a day. And you'd have 100
and United certain tea that aid intends exten nto be ded edwill till help begin hen you reach age 65. They will days of extended care.
make to end aid later most likely be deducted from your social If your relapse were to occur after more
mt possible it pcossiblele ib
security retirement benefits. Voluntary in- than 60 days out of the hospital or nursing
surance for your wife will cost an additional home, this would be considered a new spell
MEDICARE $3 a month when she becomes 65. of illness and you'd be eligible for a whole
To qualify for hospital insurance benefits new round of benefits; hospital, nursing
Mr. MCGEE. Mr. President, despite once this part of the program begins on home, and at-home services.
the many words written about it, we July 1, 1966, the only requirement is that Part of the cost of out-patient diagnostic even
ser continue to receive wondering the beucovered by Isn't security. (Aft rt 967 covevices red by lmediare hhospital Insurance.
people who are wondering about thhe this rule changes: persons who become 65 This can occur even though you are not'ac-
wi the re Act and how ' s after that date will need to have had some tually admitted to the hosptal.
Will ll affect t them and their falnflies. work experience under social security.) Examples: X-rays, blood tests, or an elec-
Better Homes & Gardens magazine fc,r There is no "earnings test" You are en- trocardiogram. You pay the first $20 and
October 1965, has done an excellent job titled to full benefits under medicare even 20 percent of the cost over $20; medicare pays
in answering these questions with an though you may have annual earnings over the remaining 80 per cent. If the total cost
article entitled "The Simple Facts Abolit $1,500 which prevent you from collecting is, say, $60, you pay $20 plus 20 percent of
Medicare." part or all of your social security retirement the remaining $40-that is, $8. This makes
pension. your total cost $28. Medicare pays. the other
I ask unanimous consent to have this For most families (the exceptions being $32 toward your bill.
article printed in the RECORD. those who otherwise couldn't or wouldn't As broad as the new medicare hospital in-
There being no objection, the article get proper medical attention) the only surance program is, it still falls far short of
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, change medicare will make in health care is providing full protection for your after-65
as follows: the manner in which it's paid for. Your medical needs. But much of what it doesn't
PLAIN TALK ABOUT FAMILY HEALTH: TILE doctor will be of your own choosing, and he cover, the new voluntary medical insurance
SIMPLE continue to make all the medical de- plan does cover.
TYPICC cisions: when and where to hospitalize you, Subject to a deductible provision under
FAWOULD ABOUT PAY FOR A MEDICARE
WHAT MEDICARE WO fL.... the type of treatment or surgery needed, how which you pay the first $50 of your medical
SERIOUS ILLNESS long you should remain in the hospital, and expenses each year, the plan pays 80 percent
Assume that a person 65 or older is cover ad what post-hospital care, if any, you need. of the additional costs of:
by medicare's automatic hospital insurance When your doctor has admitted you to a Physicians, and surgeons' care, without re-
and by the optional medical plan that coats hospital, you will simply be asked to show gard to where you receive it-in a hospital,
$3 a month. His doctor orders him into a your health insurance card, similar to the clinic, office, home, or elsewhere. Included
hospital for an operation followed by 3 Blue Cross card you may now have. Next are the fees of any radiologists, anesthesio-
weeks of fairly intensive care, a total of 25 spring, persons already 65 and receiving so- logists, and pathologists who may be re-
days. At $26 a day for a semiprivate room, cial security benefits will receive their cards quired.
his basic bill is $650. Drugs are an adds- in the mail. Others will need to apply at Up to 100 home health service visits a year
tional $85. Lab tests' and other hospital their nearest social security office. with no requirement of prior hospitalization.
charges are $115. His total bill is $850. He Now to'the extent of your benefits: Your The cost of X-rays, laboratory tests, and
pays $40 and medicare pays $810. medicare insurance covers up to 60 days of special therapy. Some of these expenses may
The surgeon's and anesthetist's fees, p:us hospital costs after you pay the first $40. be only partially covered by your hospital in-
visits by the patient's own doctor during For up to 30 additional days, you pay $10 surance, in which case the voluntary plan
the hospitalization, total $400. If he has a day and medicare pays the balance. After surance, applied to the balance of the cost.
already paid $50 of medical expenses da ng 90 days an a hospital during a single spell of Surgical dressings, splints, casts, ambu-
this year, the patient's 20-percent share of illness, the hospital benefits stop. Surgical d, rental of ants, cast such a-
this cost is $80. Medicare pays $320. - You can thus expect medicare to pick up lance
an iron lung wheelchair for sees
nursing home for 30 days of additional expenses: room and board, drugs normally But remember: iunder this part
recuperation. The cost is $365, which in- furnished by a hospital, operating room ree bar: automatic. insurance uranYou this
need
agree to pay the You will
eludes drugs his doctor has prescribed. The charges, care by hospital staff nurses, labora- of to medicare e and is
first 20 days and the drug costs are paid in tory fees, and the use of an oxygen tent, premium at age 6e. What's more, -n h
full by medicare. For the next 10 days he wheelchair, or crutches. pr is a
personally must contribute $5 a day ($50 al- Certain "extras," however, must come out deadline. d If you 5.ll be W65 by hat's the ethere of
If this
after next ex6 December March end
together). Medicare pays the othel $;15. of your own pocket: the extra cost of a pri- year, the deadline yoire e is
31, 1965, you
While in the nursing home he also runs up vate room unless your doctor certifies there 65th will birthday havt a 7 month signup period that begins
a $90 doctor bill. Medicare pays 80 percent is a medical need for isolation, the cost of a 3 months before your birthday. After that,
of it ($72). His own cost is thus $18. private duty nurse, and of course such items siu will be your you only from open to
Total costs of the illness are $1,705. Med- as TV rental. And unless you are covered the October through December during odd-
Despite pays $1,517. The patient pays $:.88. by the supplementary insurance program, Oumbered rare.
Despite the millions of words that bave medicare will not pay doctor bills, in or out years.
been written on medicare, you may still beve of the hospital. Don't let the deadline slip by. If for no
doubts about how the new law will af.'ect At any time after your third day in the other reason, you'd have to wait two years-
your family. fiere.are the answers to cum- hospital, your doctor may decide you can without protection-for another opportunity
mon, , basic questions recently posed by be cared for just as well and at less expense to sign up. And unless you enroll within
readers: In a private nursing home that has an ar- three years from the close of the first sign-
How much will the law increase your hay- rangement with a hospital. After January up period available to you, you become per-
roll withholdings? How do you qualify for 1, 1967, medicare will pity the full cost for up momently ineligible. Finally, there's a 10-
benefits? What is the extent of those ten- to 20 days of this type of extended care, plus percent-a-year Increase in the premium for
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