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• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500080005-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 129
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 16, 2003
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: October 22, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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October 22, UVU5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 27259
eqUality and dignity can be a living reality
for all AnlericaPsi and ,
I'Vheriaa thia vital and. liable purpose has
been effeetivey advanced by President Lyn-
don_ B. Johnson, whose breadth of. Vision and
brilliant leadership in this field are acknowl-
edged with gratitude and admiration by the
American people; and
Whereas under President Johnson's out-
standing effective leadership, the Voting
Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act
of 1961 have the potential to eliminate racial
discrimination in many aspects of American
life; and
Whereas the implementation of the Voting
Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 have not met the high standards
established by President Johnson and the
Congress; and
Whereas the high hopes of the American
people are being frustrated by the slow
implementation of these laws; Now, there-
fore, be it
Resolved by the Young Democratic Clubs
of America meeting in contention that:
Article 1. We call, upon the Department
of Justice to use its extensive powers under
the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to assign ad-
ditional Federal voting registrars in all the
many counties where Americans are still
denied the right to vote by unconstitutional
means.
Article 2. We call upon all Federal agencies
to implement title VI of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 which requires the withdrawal of
Federal funds whereVer racial discrimination
exists in federally supported programs until
that racial discrimination ends,
Article 3. The Young Democrats of America
are encouraged to devise, implement and
support programs which secure to all groups
the right to share fully and equally, with
dignity, in American society.
FAIR HOUSING RESOLUTION SUBMITTED BY THE
Yourro Dsztrocaaric CL17,0 or NEW JERSEY
Whereas in, the ,1960 election campaign
presidential candidate John F. Kennedy
pledged that, if elected, he would ban dis-
crimination practices in the Government's
helping operations with a "stroke of the
pen"; and
Whereas on November 20, 1962, President
Kennedy placed his signature on Executive
Order No. 11063 banning discrimination in
federally aided housing, and including a dec-
laration that exclusion of Americans from
stich housing because of their race, color,
creed or national origin is "unfair, unjust,
and inconsistent with the public policy of
the United States as manifested in its Con-
stitution and laws;" and .
Whereas the order, though an important
advanced principle, is limited in scope and
(1) fails to embrace existing housing, even if
such housing is federally assisted, (2) fails
to cover loans by federally aided savings and
loans associations and other similar institu-
tions, and (3) fails to protect against dis-
criminatory practices by these lenders; and
Whereas housing segregation is tied directly
to slums and slum conditions, to segregated
schools, to inequalities in employment and
to the poverty which haunts millions of
Negro Americans and other minorities so
movingly outlined by President Johnson in
his Howard University speech in June 1965;
and
Whereas it remains the responsibility of the
executive branch of the Government to com-
plete the task of prohibiting discrimination
in federally assisted housing, which it set
out to accomplish in 1962: Now, therefore,
bp it
Resolved by the Young Democratic Clubs
of America meeting in convention, That we
d.O.,hereby _respectfully urge the President of
the jiri1te-&-t.OsteS to alnend Executive Order
N9. 1I068 84011PWC. ? -
I. To prohibit discriminatory practices in
mortgage loans by all banks and lending
No. 198-19
institutions which are subject in any manner
to regulation., supervision or control by an
agency of. the Federal Government.
2. To cover all federally aided housing
which was built or contracted for prior
to November 20, 1962, and which continues
to enjoy Federal assistance.
In addition to the foregoing recommenda-
tions, the YDCA also urges action on the
following administrative matters:
1. The procedural power provided various
Federal housing agencies to grant exemp-
tions from the scope of the order should be
withdrawn. Under this power the Federal
Housing Administration has excluded the
resale of single family homes. This exemp-
tion vitiates the reach of the order and
minimizes its effectiveness.
2. The President's Committee on Equal
Oportunity in Housing should be directed to
assume broad responsibility for the imple-
mentation of the order and should be pro-
vided with sufficient staff and budget ex-
pansion to administer an effective national
program.
RACIAL VIOLENCE RESOLUTION
Whereas in recent months lily-white
southern juries, ignoring the overwhelming
weight of the evidence, have in several cases,
refused to indict or convict white southern-
ers accused of serious crimes of violence
against both Negro and white citizens denied
the equal protection of the law; and
Whereas the punishment of those guilty
of crime is essential to the protection of the
rights of the innocent and the failure to
punish persons guilty of crimes such as
murder against any citizen is a denial of the
equal protection of the laws promised all
citizens; and
Whereas these recent events indicate that
it may be impossible to obtain judges or
juries in southern courts which are not biased
against civil rights workers, and biased in
favor of those who commit crimes against
them; and
Whereas bias on the part of the court and
jury in favor of accused defendants is as
detrimental to the preservation of law and
order as is bias against such defendants:
Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the YDCA strongly deplore
the denial of equal protection of the law of
these Southern States; and be it further
Resolved, That we urge that crimes of vio-
lence against civil rfghts workers and any
other citizen denied the equal protection of
the law be made Federal offenses, to be tried
in Federal court after indictment by a Fed-
eral grand jury, in the hope that cases in
these courts may be tried free of the racial
bias which, in State courts, denies to civil
rights workers the equal protection of the
laws.
M/SS/SSIPPI RESOLUTION?INTRODUCED BY
MICHIGAN
Whereas this 15th biennial convention of
the Young Democratic Clubs of America has
chartered a Mississippi Young Democratic
organization which is racially integrated and
broadly representative of all the people of
Mississippi who support the national Demo-
cratic Party and the progressive programs of
President Lyndon B. Johnson; and
Whereas the 1961 National Convention of
the Democratic Party meeting in. Atlantic
City, N.J., declared its national policy to be
one of requiring and encouraging all State
Democratic Parties to be racially integrated
and open to all loyal Democrats and the spe-
cial Lawrence Subcommittee of the Demo-
cratic National Committee is now formulat-
ing a program to enforce this policy; and
Whereas Mississippi is a politically de-
pressed area Where the lack of a loyal Demo-
cratic Party organization and unconstitu-
tional restrictions on the right to vote which
meant that nearly half of all eligible Missis-
sippians were not allowed to vote in 1964
elections resulted in the electoral votes of
Mississippi being cast for the representative
of rightwing reaction and negativism; and
Whereas the Voting Rights Act of 1965
sponsored by the Johnson administration
has recently been signed into law which
enforces the right of every American to
register and vote regardless of race and
which the Democratic Party and the John-
son administration are committed to vigor-
ously and expeditiously enforce; and
Whereas the absence of any other affiliated
Democratic organization in Mississippi which
supports the national Democratic Party
means that the Young Democratic organiza-
tion of Mississippi must build an organiza-
tion from the ground up; and
Whereas the members and officers of the
young Democratic organization of Mississippi
are to be particularly commended and are
especially deserving of help by the Young
Democratic Clubs of America because the
current political situation in Mississippi
means that it requires special acts of courage
to affiliate with and support the national
Democratic Party: Now be it hereby
Resolved by the Young Democratic Clubs
of America meeting in convention that.
Article 1. The Young Democratic Clubs of
America hereby pledge every form of assist-
ance necessary for the Mississippi Young
Democratic organization to grow and flourish
so that it may build the Great Society in.
Mississippi.
Article 2. The President of the YDCA shall
appoint a select committee to develop and
administer a detailed program to implement
article 1 which shall include but not be lim-
ited to the encouragement of nationally
prominent Democrats to speak in Mississippi
under the aegis of the Mississippi Young
Democrats and the recruitment of Young
Democrats who are expert in membership
recruitment and voter registration to help the
Mississippi Young Democrats. All aspects of
the detailed program shall be at the request
of and with the approval of the executive
committee of the Young Democratic Clubs of
Mississippi.
Article 3. A special Mississippi fund is
hereby established which will be used to help
the Mississippi Young Democratic organiza-
tion to register voters, recruit members, and
? establish an active Young Democratic pro-
gram in Mississippi. The national executive
committee shall solicit contributions to the
fund from regional, State, and local organi-
zation of Young Democrats and from groups
sympathetic to a vigorous Young Democratic
organization in Mississippi.
Article 4. The convention hereby calls upon
its regional, State, and local organizations to
adopt and help particular units of the Mis-
sissippi Young Democrats by providing
funds, supplies, and expert help under the
direction of the special Mississippi com-
mittee.
INTOLERABLE CONDITION OF SHAW
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(Mr. WHITENER asked and was given
permission to address the House for I
minute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Speaker, in
recent months Members of Congress and
the public have been greatly concerned
about the intolerable condition of Shaw
Junior High School. Anyone familiar
with the condition of that school facility
must agree that it should be abandoned
at the earliest possible date and a new
facility established.
This is easier said than done. A
school even though in bad physical con-
dition, which is serving several hundreds
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27260 1965
of students, cannot be summarily aban-
doned without providing another phys-
ical plant to accommodate the dispos-
ses.sed students. In the ease of the Shaw
Junior High School many problems are
presented which would not be present
in a small town or rural area. There is
the problem peculiar to a metropolitan
area of finding a site within the service
area of the school that is being aban-
doned, and this is particularly true in
the case of Shaw.
Another problem that presents itself
is that if a new site is located in the
Shaw area it will be necessary to dis-
possess residents and small business op-
erators who are currently residing and
operating in the area to be used for a
future school building.
These are real and existing problems
which are much mire difficult to solve
than many are willing to admit. It is
quite easy to be critical of the Board of
Education, the District Commissioners,
and the Congress for continuing to use
this substandard school facility, but it
Is another thing to find a solution to the
problem. This is particularly true in
view of the fact that vacant land which
the Board of Education already owns
has recently been made available by the
Board of Education to the Recreation
Department for the John F. Kennedy
Memorial Playground.
The playground is serving a very use-
ful purpose, and the recreational oppor-
tunities it affords are badly needed.
So with these complex problems it
appears that there can be no solution by
any one department or agency of the
government of the District of Columbia.
In order to accomplish a proper solution
without imposing undue hardship upon
any segment of the local population it
seems to me that the time has come
when several agencies and departments
must sit down and discuss this matter
and undertake to work out a prompt
solution.
I would suggest, Mr. Speaker, that in
view of the fact that Shaw Junior High
School is located in an area which lends
itself to urban renewal that the board
of education, the District Commission-
ers, the Recreation Department, the Re-
development Land Agency, the National
Capital Planning Commission, the Na-
tional Capital Housing Authority, and
the President's Special Assistant on Dis-
trict Affairs should Immediately consider
the. possibility of instituting effective
measures to correct the situation sur-
rounding Shaw Junior High School and
the area in which it is located. It seems
to me that it may be possible for an
urban renewal project to be planned
which would make land available for the
building of a new school facility while
the present Shaw Junior High School is
being used and then upon the completion
of the new facility to convert the read
estate upon which the school is located
into housing or some other appropriate
use.
I think the time has come when posi-
tive action must be taken. The need for
such action should be clear to any ob-
server. It is certainly clear to those of
us Who have had a close relationship to
the many problems confronting the peo-
ple of the District of Columbia.
As one Member of the Congress I ex-
press the hope that such action be forth-
with considered and pledge my personal
support in any way possible in accom-
plishing the elimination of an intolerable
situation in our Nation's Capital.
(Mr. WHITENER asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
N IMMIGRATION
(Mr. SHER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, while we
all sympathize with the plight of the
political refugees who want to escape
Castro's communistic tyranny, the time
would seem to be overdue when our
friends and allies in the free world should
share with us the responsibility for pro-
viding a home for these unfortunate
people.
About a quarter of a million Cubans
have already been admitted since Castro
took over. Under the new program none
in military age will be permitted to leave
Cuba. Most of the new refugees will be
the elderly, the young, the ill, and cer-
tain anti-Castro elements. The Asso-
ciated Press has estimated that there
are 50,000 of these people awaiting de-
parture from the island. There may be
more.
It would seem that the United States
should insist upon other countries ac-
cepting more of the fleeing Cubans.
What about Canada, Argentina, Aus-
tralia, and many other nations which
are quite capable of absorbing more im-
migrants? It will be recalled that we had
a joint arrangement with other countries
In the handling of European displaced
persons following World War II. The
United States accepted most of these
refugees. That fact, plus the large num-
bers of Cubans already admitted, makes
It even more imperative that our Govern-
ment insist upon our allies sharing with
us the solution of this problem.
LEGISLATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF
THE LAST 91/2 MONTHS
(Mr. GILLIGAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. GILLIGAN. Mr. Speaker, at the
close of this historic 1st session of the
89th Congress, most of the Nation's
newspapers, magazines and journals
have exhausted their glossaries of ad-
jectives in describing the legislative
achievements of the past 91/2 months.
"Hard working," "productive," "ener-
getic," "imaginative," "precedent-shat-
tering" are some of the terms used by
the most respected and influential jour-
nals of the day in describing the 89th
Congress, and although probably no sin-
gle Member of the House is completely
satisfied with everything that has been
done in this Chamber since January,
surely the overwhelming majority of the
Members must be highly gratified at the
manner in which the House and its great
committees have handled this torrent of
legislation. Surely it must be acknowl-
edged that the House has worked its will
on these great programs, and that the
actions of the Congress have reflected
quite accurately the judgment and deci-
sion of the American people at the polls
last November.
The discussion and debate about this
great legislative program?begun in the
committees and in the well of the House?
will and should continue in the months
and years ahead in all sections of the
land. But if we are to maintain our
traditions as a representative democ-
racy, and if we are to continue to give
an example to the other nations of the
world?and especially the newly emerg-
ing nations who are tentatively groping
their way towaftl responsible self-gov-
ernment?it is essential that the con-
tinuing political dialogue in America be
conducted in a manner befitting a proud
and free people, who have a great tra-
dition of responsible self-government to
defend and build upon. The manner in
which we debate the course our Gov-
ernment should take in the months and
years ahead is of paramount impor-
tance; reasoned discussion, buttressed
by the careful analysis of the facts, is
the minimal standard the American peo-
ple should require in the debate of pub-
lic issues. Certainly, loose talk, appeals
to prejudice, inflammatory statements,
scurrility, the resort to epithets, which,
while distasteful, might have been tol-
erable in an earlier age, can no longer
be acceptable in the public arena. All
of the verbal paraphenalia of the hate
groups and the extremists of every de-
scription must be resolutely shunned if
our citizens are to have the opportunity
to understand the problems which beset
our society, and be enabled to make a
reasoned and reasonable choice of solu-
tions.
As an example of the kind of discus-
sion of public affairs which contributes
very little to the understanding of the
issues and problems which confront the
American people, I would like to quote
from an article which was published in
the Cincinnati Post and Times-Star on
October 19, 1965:
Former Ohio Congressman Robert Taft, Jr.,
believes a major issue of the 1968 congres-
sional campaign should be the abdication
of its responsibility by the present "rub-
berstamp Congress."
In a talk before the Republican Forum in
Denver, Colo., last night, Taft charged the
present Congress has meekly surrendered the
rights and duties of the legislative branch
to the executive.
Congress has passed administration bills
with little or no debate, Taft said, and has
provided no effective examination or dissent
of programs.
"At times the conduct of the present ma-
jority in Congress seems more in the 'tradi-
tion of Hitler's Reichstag than the long rec-
ord of independence we have had on Capitol
Hill," Taft said.
My distinguished colleagues on both
sides of the aisle can, I am sure, decide
for themselves how appropriate, and how
enlightening, and how ennobling it is to
compare this ancient and honorable
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September 22, 1965
x,k-44 J.
further consideration of H.R, 9336 and
that the Senate proceed to immediate
The PRESIDING OFFICER., The bill
Will be stated by title for the informa-
tion of the Senate.
,
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R.
9336) to amend title V of the Interna-
tional Claims Settlement Act of 1949 re-
lating to certain claims against the
Government of Cuba.
The PRESIDING 0.torICER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from Montana? Without objection, the
Committee on Foreign Relations is dis-
charged, from further consideration of
the bill.
Is there objection to the present con-
sideration of the bill?
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the bill.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move to strike out all after the enacting
clause in H.R. 9336 and substitute cer-
tain language therefor.
I should add, the language in the
amendment which I am proposing is
identical to that which is contained in
S. 1826, the Cuban claims bill passed by
the Senate on September 21.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated for the infor-
mation of the Senate.
- The IAGISLATIVE CLERK. It is proposed
to strike out all after the enacting clause
and substitute the following:
That Section 501 of the International
Claims Settlement Act of 1949 (22 U.S.C.
1643) is amended?
(1) by striking out "which have arisen out
of debts for merchandise furnished or serv-
ices rendered by nationals of the United
States without regard to the date on which
such merchandise was furnished or services
were rendered or"; and
SEC. 2. Section 503 (a) of such Act (22 U.S.C.
1643b(a) ) is amended by striking out "aris-
ing out of debts for merchandise furnished
or services rendered by nationals Of the "
United States without regard to the date on
which such" merchandise was furnished or
services Were rendered or".
Sec. 3. Section 505(a) of such Act (22
U.S.C. 1643d) is amended by adding a new
sentence at the end thereof as follows: "A
claim under section 503(a) of this title based
upon a debt or other obligation owing by
any Corporation, association, or other entity
organized under the laws of . the United
States, or of any State, the District of Colum-
bia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
shall be considered only when such debt or
other obligation is a charge on property
which has been nationalized, expropriated,
intervened, or taken by the Government of
Cuba."
Sm. 4. Section 506 of such Act (22 U.S.C.
1648e) is amended by striking out ": Pro-
vided, That the deduction of such amounts
shall not be construed as divesting the
United States of any rights against the Gov-
ernment of Cuba for the amouxits so de-
ducted".
SEC. 5. Section 511 of such Act (22 U.S.C.
1643j) is amended to read as follows:
"Arsztorai4TI9Dia
, "SEC. 511. There are_hereby authorized to
be appropriated such sums as may be neces-
sary to enable the Commission to pay its ad-
ministrative expenses incurred in carrying
out its functions under this title."
? The 'amendment was agreed to.
The bill Was ordered to be engrossed
for a third _reading, read the third time,
and passed.
PERSECUTION OF JEWS IN SOVIET
RUSSIA
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, I wish to express my support
of Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 17,
as previously passed b ythe U.S. Senate,
which is now awaiting concurrence by
the Senate with House amendments.
This resolution, expressing the sense of
the Congress in condemnation of the per-
secution of Jewish citizens by the
U.S.S.R., is a measure of the indignation
aroused in many areas of the world by
the discriminatory treatment being ac-
corded its Jewish minority by the Soviet
Government.
By focusing the attention of the world
on the restrictive treatment accorded to
Russian Jewry, there may be some hope
of greater relaxation of the rigid regula-
tions on the religious practices of that
faith and other faiths.
It is not surprising to me when the
U.S.S.R., as a basically atheistic nation,
acts to repress those who profess reli-
gious beliefs. I can but hope that the
Soviet Government, in an effort to en-
hance its public image abroad, may make
it easier for Jewish citizens and others
to practice their respective faiths. Actu-
ally, I am told that action in recent times
to permit the printing of approximately
10,000 Yiddish prayerbooks represented
some concession, although, admittedly, a
small one in view of the approximately
21/2 million Jews in Soviet Russia. I am
also informed that representatives of the
Yiddish theater groups have been per-
mitted some travel among parts of the
Soviet Union. Unfortunately, all church
groups are heavily restricted in Russia,
although, perhaps, the Russian Ortho-
dox Church fares better than others as
it does have an organization in Russia.
Visitors to that country report that
while the synagogues are poor in appear-
ance, the Baptist Church also is in poor
condition.
Again, I wish to associate myself with
the pending resolution condemning the
persecution of persons by Soviet Russia
because of their religion. I am proud to
have served as one of its cosponsors.
THE PRESIDENT'S LAWYER
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, the
Attorney General of the United States,
Nicholas Katzenbach, has won the re-
spect and admiration of a great many
people both in and out of Washington.
His efforts on behalf of the Voting Rights
Act passed this year, as well as other ac-
tions on behalf of justice for all our
citizens, have won acclaim from leaders
in the race relations field across the
Nation. We are fortunate to have such
a competent man of convictions and
skills as head of the Justice Depart-
ment.
A recent issue of the Indianapolis Star
presented a profile view of Mr. Katzen-
bach in an appraisal written by Joseph
E. Mohbat, of the Associated Press. I
ask unanimous consent that this article,
subtitled "The President's Lawyer," be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE PRESIDENT'S LAWYER?NICK KATZENBACH
OUTLINES HIS FOUR MAIN GOALS
(By Joseph E. Mohbat)
WAsims-croN.?One of the newest weekend
visitors to President Johnson's retreat at
Camp David, Md., is a bald-psted, tall, some-
what dishevelled man who?according to
Washington gossip?wasn't supposed to last
long enough to get his name on the big
office door in the Department of Justice.
Nicholas deBelleville Katzenbach, the 65th
Attorney General of the United States, has
by all signs won the esteem 'of the Chief
Executive.
The President, according to some, looks
upon the 43-year-old lawyer as one of the
brainiest men in government today. ?
Yet, for 5 months Nicholas Katzenbach
cooled his heels, holding the title of Deputy
Attorney General and hearing the stories that
Lyndon Baines Johnson would most cer-
tainly bring in another man to replace
ROBERT F. KENNEDY. KENNEDY was leaving
last year to run for the Senate from New
York, and the notion was that Mr. Johnson
felt Katzenbach was too closely identified
with Kennedy.
But in January Katzenbach got the word.
He was going to be Attorney General. As
such, he became a member of the Cabinet,
"the President's lawyer" so to speak, and
head of the Department of Justice. The De-
partment, with 30,000 employees, runs such
wide-ranging affairs as the FBI, the Immigra-
tion and Naturalization Service, antitrust
prosecutions, enforcement of civil rights
legislation, the Bureau of Prisons, and the
U.S. marshals.
What does Katzenbach have to say about
his job? What are his goald as the Nation's
highest law officer?
"It's hard to talk about it generally," he
says, "except for my obvious feeling that
it's terribly important to achieve an even-
handed administration of justice, and that it
be done entirely on merits.
"I guess there are four things I'd really
like to accomplish, if I have enough days,
months, or years allotted to me here:
"I think our fiscal and administrative sys-
tem in the Department is outmoded, and
I'd like to do something like Secretary Mc-
Namara did over at Defense. I'd like to
know how much it costs us to administer
Justice, and thus I'd know a lot more about
my Department. I'd like to know, for in-
stance, to what extent we could use com-
puters on the. Immigration Service or the
FBI.
"I'd like to come as near as possible to
clearing up civil rights problems enough so
that you almost wouldn't need a civil rights
division in this Department to insure that
Constitutional guarantees are being en-
forced. This would be best for the country,
certainly,
"It would be hard to find anything more
Important than the job to be done on the
crime front. (Katzenbach heads the newly
formed National Crime Commission.) We're
going to step up the drive against organized
crime. I want to see what we can do with
crime in the streets.
"And I'd like to see whether we can come
up with a good, rational, coherent, effective,
and understandable antitrust policy. Per-
haps we simply haven't articulated it well
enough in the past. But I think the in-
fluence of our antitrust division should go
far beyond actual cases; it should influence
and reflect the economic policies of the Gov-
ernment."
The President's lawyer pauses a moment,
then says:
"I don't know?perhaps I've bitten off
more than I can chew. But I'd sure like to
try it."
As a public official, Katzenbach is ad-
mired by his supporters for two main rea-
sons: his gift as a conciliator, and his will-
. _
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September 22, 1965 CONGRESSIUN coRD ? SE.NA:1 E --?3905
hearings on S. 597 showed the plight
of our health science libraries. The
American Medical Association presented
the findings of a 1964 study that showed:
Only 15 of the 87 medical school
librarie,s,have sufficient space;
More than one-half of the medical
school libraries were built prior to 1933;
As long ago as 1957 more than one-
half of the medical school libraries were
filled to capacity or had exceeded their
capacity;
Only 14 of 87 existing medical schools
have the recommended level of 100,000
volumes on their library shelves; and
There are 6,000 health science libraries
but only 3,000 librarians with specialized
training or experience in the health sci-
ence library field.
The rapid rate at which we are ac-
cumulating new medical knowledge
makes it imperative that we take action
now to strengthen and expand our health
science libraries.
CONSTRUCTION
S. 597 would authorize an aggregate
of $50 million over a 4-year period, 1967-
70, for grants to nonprofit institutions
to pay up to 75 percent of the costs of
constructing health science library facil-
ities.
'TRAIN/NG, RESEARCF/, BASIC RESOURCES
The legislation would also authorize
appropiations of $45 million for the 5
years 1966-70 to finance first, training of
health science library personnel; second,
assistance to special scientific projects
dealing with advancements in the sci-
ences related to health; third, research
and development in health library sci-
ence; fourth, improvement of basic
library resources; and fifth, temporary
support for scientific publications.
REGIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE LIBRARIES
To supplement health science library
services, the bill authorizes appropria-
tions of $22.5 million over the fiscal
years 1966-70 to establish and maintain
regional health science libraries. The
need for regional service has become
acute with the groVith in he size of the
medical literature. It is neither eco-
nomically feasible nor necessary for each
medical library to try to build its col-
lection to encompass even a sizable part
of the whole of medical literature.
In total S. 597 authorizes appropria-
tions amounting to $117.5 million over
the 5 years 1966-70. The legislation is
supported by the Medical Library As-
sociation, the Association of Research
Libraries, the Special Libraries Asso-
ciation, the Chairman of the Board of
Regents of the National Library of Medi-
cine, the Association of American Medi-
cal Colleges, the American College of
Physicians,. the American Heart Asso-
ciation, the American Medical Associa-
tion, the American Dental Association,
and the Medical Library Center of New
York. Many other associations, uni-
versities, colleges, and individuals con-
tacted the committee in writing to ex-
press their support for S. 597.
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, Will
the Senator from Alabama yield?
Mr. HILL. I yield.
Mr. DOMINICK. I am happy to join
No. 175-19
the Senator frOm Alabama, who has
done such great work in this field. As
the Senator knows, I have been active in
title II of the Higher Education Act, try-
ing to do something in connection with
library facilities. This is another step
in the same area, which I congratulate
the Senator on accomplishing.
I raised one question prior to this time,
which is a fundamental principle, so far
as I am concerned, whether we had a
limiting authorization for each year, or
whether the authorization was open
ended. My understanding is that the
committee changed it so that it is a lim-
iting authorization; Is that not correct?
Mr. HILL. The Senator is correct.
Mr. DOMINICK. I thank the Senator.
Mr. HILL. Let me take this opportu-
nity to express my appreciation to the
Senator from Colorado for the fine help
which he gave in having the bill acted
upon by the committee.
Mr. DOMINICK. I am happy to have
been able to cooperate.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Alabama yield?
Mr. HILL. I am happy to yield to the
Senator from Oregon.
Mr. MORSE. I wish to express my
congratulations and compliments to the
Senator from Alabama [Mr. HILL] for
his leadership in carrying through the
present bill before the Senate to the point
of passage, which is about to take place.
As the Senator from Alabama knows,
we on the Committee on Labor and Pub-
lic Welfare, which has jurisdiction over
all education legislation, are very much
concerned with the problem which con-
fronts us in connection with the libraries
of the United States.
There are various educational insti-
tutions, as the Senator from Colorado
has just pointed out, in the higher edu-
cation bill, S. 600?in regard to which we
go to conference with the House tomor-
row?which has a title devoted to the
question of providing Federal assistance
to institutions of higher learning in this
country, in an endeavor to raise library
standards and to provide more adequate
facilities for the students of the country.
One of the features of that kind of bill
Is a provision that will be of assistance
to the Library of Congress, providing
funds and facilities so that the Library
of Congress can be of assistance to the
college libraries of the country?public
libraries also for that matter?in help-
ing them to improve their library
services.
The need, however, for assistance to
medical libraries is just as great, and it
falls under the jurisdiction of the sub-
committee of the Senate committee, over
which the chairman of the full com-
mittee also serves as chairman of th
subcommittee.
The bill the Senate is considerin
stands in the same class, in my opinion,
with the title of the higher education
bill which provides similar assistance to
the libraries of the country. I am very
glad that the Senator has been persist-
ent in regard to this matter.
Let me say to the medical profession
that this is another example of Federal
aid which the medical profession has re-
ceived from the taxpayers of the country
for decades. This is another example
that proves the position I have taken
over many years, when I have listened
to doctors opposing medical care legisla-
tion, that their memories are short, that
the assistance and aid which the Fed-
eral Government has given them over
the years, in payment of part of their
medical expenses, and providing the
laboratories and facilities so that they
could become doctors, puts them, in my
judgment, in an untenable position
when Congress seeks to come to the
health assistance of the needy and aged
of this country with a medical care bill.
Be that as it may, I wish the doctors
of this country to know that once again
I can be counted upon to come to their
assistance in seeing to it that facilities
are provided so that we can continue to
train the best doctors in the world. I
say that because American doctors are
the best doctors in the world. The
trouble is that a great many of them
lack a social conscience.
Mr. HILL. Let me say to the Senator
from Oregon that he has rendered a
great service in behalf of having the
committee report the bill favorably to
the Senate. He is here now to vote for
passage of the bill. He has rendered out-
standing service in the passage of the
higher education bill, which does so much
for libraries generally throughout the
country, and which will be of vast sig-
nificance and great help to these libraries.
I express my appreciation to him for
what he has done to help in the passage
of the pending bill, and also for the great
work he did in passage of the higher edu-
cation bill, which will do so much for
libraries generally.
Mr. MORSE. I thank the Senator.
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I ask unan-
imous consent that the committee
amendments be agreed to en bloc.
The PRESIDING OleriCER. Without
objection, the committee amendments
will be considered en bloc; and, without
objection, they are agreed to.
The billwas ordered to be engrossed for
a third reading, read the third time, and
passed.
The title was amended, so as to read:
"An Act to amend the Public Health
Service Act to provide for a program of
grants to assist in meeting the need for
adequate health science library services
and facilities."
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I move that
the vote by which the bill was passed
be reconsidered.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I move
that the mo ion to reconsider be laid on
the b
otion to lay on the table was
to.
DMENT OF TITLE V OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS SETTLE-
MENT ACT OF 1949 RELATING TO
CERTAIN CLAIMS AGAINST THE
GOVERNMENT OF CUBA
Mr. MANSt, ItLD. Mr. President, I asks
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Foreign Relations be discharged from
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September 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
me, constitute a grave mistake of major and
lasting consequences."
The present outlook for the home rule bill
is that this prophecy will be put to the tt.
Ike Speaks Out: Bay of Pigs
All J.F.K.'s
.....1101?????????16.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN W. WYDLER
OF NEW yoax
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, September 24, 1965
Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, recently
our Nation has been flooded by bio-
graphical sketches of the late Presi-
dent John F. Kennedy. Included in
these biographies are the authors' re-
spective versions of the late President's
Intimate musings, deliberations, reason-
ing, and conclusions over the episode of
the Bay of Pigs These biographies refer
to formerPresident Eisenhower's role
during his administration in events lead-
ing up to the Bay of Pigs denouement.
With these words, the editor and pub-
lisher of Newsday, Harry F. Guggen-
heim, introduced a truly remarkable
Interview- with President Eisenhower an
the part he played long before the
tragedy of the Bay of Pigs.
President Eisenhower, in the interest
of historic accuracy, has given the public
facts about these earlier events. At a
recent meeting at Gettysburg with Mt.
Guggenheim and Mr. Earl Mazo, Presi-
dent Eisenhower gave his account of the
situation as it existed when he left the
White House. I consider this a truly
remarkable document and one which
will set the record straight on this most
important event on the history of our
Nation.
The intervir follows:
IKE SPEAKS OUT : BAY OF PIGS WAS ALL
(By Earl Mazo) _
After our country's humiliation at the Bay
of Pigs in 1961, Republican ex-President
Eisenhower's only comment was to call for
bipartisan unity behind Democratic Presi-
dent Kennedy. That was in keeping with
Eisenhower's lifelong practice of supporting
the Nation's Commander in Chief in times
of crises.
Over the years General Eisenhower has
demonstrated little taste for political parti-
sanship and absolutely none for partisan
excesses. In fact, he usually has ignored
politically tinged distortions on his per-
formance as President, military leader, and
elder statesman.
Now, however, he feels it would be well to
set therecord straight on at least a couple of
items in recent intimate histories of the Ken-
nedy administration, by Arthur M. Schle-
singer, Jr., and Theodore C. Sorenson, rank-
ing members of Kennedy's staff. The gen-
eral and several of his knowledgeable former
Government associates view the Schlesinger
and Sorenson attempts to link the Eisen-
hower administration with the Cuba invasion
fiasco and discredit EisenhoWer-appointed
military and intelligence experts as a per-
version of history and a disservice to the late
President Kennedy, who never sought to
duck responsliblity for his executive
decisions.
The specifically disputed material by both
riters is summed up in this paragraph from
he Sorenson version: "On January 20, 1961,
John Kennedy inherited the plan, the plan-
ners, and most troubling of all, the Cuban
exile brigade. * * * Unlike an inherited
policy statement or Executive order, this in-
heritanee could not be simply disposed of by
Presidential recision or withdrawal."
Eisenhower declares, "There was no tactical
or operational plan even discussed" as of the
day he turned the Presidency over to John
Kennedy. During the transition period be-
tween the election in November 1960, and
the inauguration in January 1961, Eisen-
hower reviewed for his successor all pending
matters, including a secret program inaug-
urated less than a year before to equip and
train anti-Castro Cuban refugees. The retir-
ing President stressed that there had been no
decisions as to how the Cuban forces would
be used, if at all. Eisenhower had made no
commitments that might bind the new
President in dealing with the Castro prob-
lem. In fact, the armed refugee group was
still so small and relatively unprepared that
it could easily have been disbanded if the
incoming administration considered its
existence unnecessary.
As for the nonpolitical experts Kennedy
chose to retain for his administration?
notably Allen Dulles, Director of the Central
Intelligence Agency, and the military Joint
Chiefs of Staff?Eisenhower says: "These
men over decades of devoted service have
shown their capabilities, their sense of logic,
their understanding of the problems involved
In this kind of venture. There is no more
expert group in their profession than these
men * * * I had the greatest confidence in
them."
Nothing the former President was told
Kdnnedy and others after the Bay-of-
Pigs debacle diminished his faith and con-
fidence in Dulles and the military chiefs. On
the other hand, he believes the very dis-
paragement of these seasoned professionals
shows how unqualified the former Pres-
idential assistants were to deal with the sort
of problem involved in a critical interna-
tional venture like the Bay of Pigs invasion.
Like most Americans, President Eisen-
hower welcomed the end of the Batista dic-
tatorship in 1959 and hoped the new regime
of Fidel Castro would live up to its promises
of free elections and democracy in the exotic
island republic just 8 jet minutes from
Florida. Within a year, however, Castro
created a dictatorship that was worse even
than l3atista's and President Eisenhower had
concluded that strong measures might be
required to thwart what appeared to be
Castro's intention of establishing an out-
post for Communist subversion in the West-
ern Hemisphere.
Exactly what would have to be done?and
when?remained to be thought out and
decided. But the gravity of the situation
neither awed nor frightened those facing it.
Eisenhower and his administration's military
and intelligence experts were not strangers to
the nuances of contending with Communist
intrusion in Latin America. Ex-Dictator
Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, whose efforts to
make Guatemala a haven for the Soviets led
to his downfall in 1964, would bear witness
to that.
In mid-March 1960, President Eisenhower
decided that the United States would se-
cretly aid anti-Castro Cubans. The CIA was
directed to train and equip volunteers at
bases in Guatemala, Panama, and southern
Florida. The covert military instruction
program was started partly in response to
pleas by hundreds of refugees for something
constructive to do. It was felt training
would bolster the spirts of thousands who
A5435
were fleeing the Castro dictatorship, and
would give them hope that, in time, they
would be able to do the job of ousting the
Communist regime.
In essence, the long-range Eisenhower pol-
icy was to encourage and prepare Cubans to
liberate their country. President Eisenhower
kept in close- touch with developments
through the summer and autumn, and per-
sonally reviewed numerous ideas and sug-
gestions that normally would have been
sifted out before reaching the White House.
(For example, he rejected a proposal that the
Cubans be trained in Samoa to insure tighter
security than was possible in Central Amer-
ica.)
In recalling that period, the general notes
the Bay of Pigs was never mentioned or con-
sidered in discussions of possible alternatives
and contingencies. Most attention focused
on prospects for an operation of some sort
In or near the Escambray Mountains where
a government in exile might establish itself
on Cuban soil.
Before there could be serious planning,
however, the Cubans needed not only a well-
supplied fighting force but also the leader-
ship to organize a functioning government in
exile. The leader or leaders had to be recog-
nized and accepted by the Cuban people.
That eliminated experienced individuals
from the Batista regime and several leaders
of peppery political factions who bristled at
the thought of cooperating or sharing the
glory of overthrowing Castro.
The Cubans were still without their own
leadership when President Eisenhower re-
tired and President Kennedy was inaugu-
rated as America's Commander in Chief. In
Washington, the changeover of Executive
command, with Democrats replacing Repub-
licans in nearly every key position through-
out the Government, was the smoothest in
modern times. The harmonious transition
was directed by the President and President-
elect.
The departing administration could not
avoid bequeathing certain critical problems
to its successor. But efforts were made to
lighten burdens, where possible. There was,
for instance, the last minute Eisenhower di-
rective ordering thousands of dependents of
overseas service personnel returned to the
United States. A review of the international
trade and monetary: situation convinced
Eisenhower that America's worsening bal-
ance-of-payments position would require
drastic action sooner or later. Since the
everyday spending of service families added
up to an enormous annual dollar drain, the
recall of dependents was among priority
measures Treasury officials expected the Ken-
nedy administration to consider. By issu-
ing the recall directive himself, Eisenhower
took the onus for that unpopular action, and
spared the new President.
The balance-of-payments situation was one
of three major unresolved problems Eisen-
hower reviewed at length for Kennedy at
transition sessions. The Communist threat
in Laos and Castro's Cuba were the others.
"I told him exactly what we had been doing
(in the Cuban refugee program)," recalls
Eisenhower, "and pinpointed the centers at
which apprOximately 500 men were then
being trained."
Eisenhower felt that Kennedy shared his
judgment that the new administration need
not rush a decision regarding the Cubans.
"At no time did I put before anybody any-
thing that could be called a plan (to invade
Cuba)," declares the former President. He
emphasizes that there was "no mandate, no
commitment by me or anyone in my admin-
istration," and he doubts that Kennedy felt
"he was frozen to any position by me."
Among Eisenhower's last, words to Ken-
nedy before the ceremonial ride up Pennsyl-
vania Avenue to the inauguration was: "You
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A5436 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX September 24, 1965
people will have to decide what to do." The
two men did not speak with each other again
for 3 months. Then, after the Bay of Pigs
disaster, Kennedy hurriedly invited the gen-
eral to Camp David and sent a White House
helicopter to Gettysburg for him.
Kennedy stated he sought the visit to
"bring (Eisenhower) up to date on recent
events and get the benefit of his thoughts
and experience." The President met the for-
mer President at the landing pad. It was
April 22. (The Bay of Pigs invasion had be-
gun on April 17, and within a day or two
Castro had wiped it out.) Eisenhower re-
calls that Kennedy seemed quite composed,
but eager to talk out his young administra-
tion's humiliating experience.
It was a long and wide-ranging conversa-
tion. Like many military figures who had no
inside information as to what happened, the
general wondered whether the intasion really
had been launched, as reported, without air
cover and other elementary ingredients fami-
liar even to junior officers, like plans for rein-
forcing and resupplying the beachhead.
? At one point Eisenhower asked his host if
the Joint Chiefs of Staff had approved the
battle plan. Kennedy nodded and said,
"with a few changes." Among other things,
Kennedy explained, the original plan had
been trimmed to avoid letting the world see
"America's hand" in the operation. Eisen-
hower suggested that the country's prestige
and power should never by committed un-
less its Chief Executive was determined to
win. "There is no alternative," said the
general. "Force is a naked, brutal thing in
this world. If you are going to use it, you
have got to be prepared to go all the way."
That afternoon Eisenhower stated at a
news conference that all Americans should
"support the man who has to carry the re-
sponsibility for our foreign affairs"?mean-
ing, President Kennedy. Subsequently, the
former Republican President publicly reaf-
firmed his backing of the Democratic Presi-
dent at every opportunity, including Repub-
lican political gatherings, until the crisis
?
atmosphere abated.
While reflecting recently on the blunders
that insured defeat at the Bay of Pigs?and
thus entrenching, instead of overthrowing
the Castro dictatorship?Eisenhower was re-
minded that Guatemala probably still would
be a Communist strfarighold if political
advice had prevailed during a crucial stage
of the anti-Arbenz venture in 1954, as hap-
pened during the anti-Castro venture in
1961.
The invasion of Guatemala, which was led
and conducted by Guatemalan volunteers
but covertly sponsored and supplied by the
United States, floundered just as it was on
the brink of success. The crisis stemmed
from sudden lack of air support. Two of the
liberating force's three aircraft had been
destroyed, and without replacements the in-
vasion would be doomed.
In Washington, President Eisenhower
summoned military, intelligence and diplo-
matic experts. A State Department spokes-
man argued for a political, not a military
decision. He contended that by sending
replacement aircraft to Guaten;a1a, America
would risk having its role in the anti-Arbenz
venture discovered, and that, in turn, would
damage our prestige throughout ,Latin
America.
Allen Dulles, the intelligence director
whose agency was masterminding the in-
vasion, argued that the airplanes were essen-
tial to success?and therefore should be sent.
President Eisenhower agreed with Dulles.
And a couple of days later the Communist
regime in Guatemala was overthrown.
Eisenhower's reasoning in that crisis was con-
sistent with the adviCe he offered President
Kennedy 9 years later. "If our hand had
been discovered, then it was more Important
than ever that we win," he said.
U.S. Office of Education: A Growing
Federal Bureaucratic Octopus
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, September 22, 1965
Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remards in the
RECORD, I include the following two edi-
torials from the Chicago Tribune which
should be a source of deep concern to
the legislators of this country, as well as
to every citizen and school board member
In the United States:
[From the Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, Sept. 22,
1965]
FEDERAL TENTACLES /N THE SCHOOLS
Representative ROBERT H. MicNKL, of Illi-
nois, has 'come upon a secret memorandum
which he says is proof that the Federal Gov-
ernment "is insidiously planning a complete
takeover" of our public school systems.
The memo contains the minutes of a recent
meeting of the Office of Education and deals
with the agency's "future role and responsi-
bilities" in relation to State and local agen-
cies. It states that "no Office of Education
hand is to be tied down by (1) having to deal
only through a backward State education
agency, or (2) not being able to deal directly
with urban jurisdictions, however competent
the State agency, when direct relationships
seem most in the public interest."
The Illinois Republican has run into a
curtain of silent in his efforts to find out
why the Office of Education is so eager to
bypass "backward" (meaning, no doubt, un-
cooperative) State agencies. If its motives
are innocent and are consistent with the
Government's repeated assurances that Fed-
eral aid will not mean Federal control of
education, then why the secrecy?
Mr. MICHEL thinks that there is "some-
thing to hide," and with good reason. The
Office of Education's hand has already begun
to wander into affairs not properly its own.
Two out of every five high school physics
students, Mr. MICHEL says, are using text-
books prepared under Federal auspices.
Federalization is even spreading to the hu-
raan.ities. One Office of Education official
has talked of designing "the total English
curriculum from kindergarten through col-
lege years."
Beyond this, the Office of Education has
ordered hearings to determine whether Fed-
eral funds should be denied to school districts
in six Southern States which are accused of
fail to desegregate. The Supreme Court has
ruled that the diberate segregation is a mat-
ter for Federal concern; but is the Office of
Education, which is supposedly dedicated to
improving education, the proper agency to
carry out social reforms which are often likely
to detract from the quality of education?
The Office of Education has been nagging at
Chicago's school officials?not for failing to
desegregate, but apparently for failing to
bring about forced integration, which is not
a matter for Federal concern at all and is
bound to interfere with the quality of edu-
cation.
In short, the evidence is all too clear that
the Federal Government intends to use Fed-
eral aid as a means of exerting control over
State and local school affairs and that the
Office of Education's interests will not even
be confined to academic matters.
A wise Supreme Court ruled in 1936 that
"the power to confer or withhold unlimited
benefits is the power to coerce or destroy." A
more subservient and less wise Supreme
Court ruled 6 years later that it is wholly
proper "for the Government to regulate that
which it subsidizes." Once the subsidies
start, control is sure to follow?despite all
protestations to the contrary. We said so
from the beginning,, but the control has
come even faster than we thought.
[From the Chicago Tribune, Sept. 24, 1865]
SCHOOL BRAINWASHING
"Just who's writing those classroom
tests?" asks the Republican congressional
committee newsletter, with reference to
some items in nationally used intelligence
tests and current events periodicals. The
newsletter cites 'a series of objective test
Items in which the answers offered convey
explicitly or implicitly partisan conclusions.
This can be done in both of two ways.
Answers which only a blindly proadminis-
tration Democrat could accept as statements
of fact are called correct. (Example: "The
President's Great Society is a place where
America is growing richer, stronger, happier,
and wiser." True or false? Approved
answer: True.)
Replies which testmakers concede to be
false present a disparaging but presumably
plausible image of Republicans, one which
will influence many youngsters who will
never come back to the item to consider
which responses are wrong and why. (Ex-
ample: "A club that accepts only very rich
members is said to be (a) snobbish, (b) ex-
clusive, (c) conservative, (d) Republican,
(e) un-American." Approved answer: "Ex-
clusive," but meanwhile "Republican" has
been associated with such negative terms as
"snobbish" and "un-American.")
Nationally published objective tests are
extremely popular with school authorities
for a number of reasons. They are inexpen-
sive, require no local effort in preparation,
and no thought in grading. Also, they save
time. But they are easy to manipulate in
such partisan ways as the Republican news-
letter rightly decries. And they are in-
herently too oversimplified for the complex-
ities and ambiguities of judgments in the
social studies. An instrument that may
work well in arithmetic does not necessarily,
work well in political science.
However, objective tests will be used,
and they will be less than thoroughly objec-,
tive. If they are to be loaded to a minimum
extent, publishers should insist (as obviously
they are not always doing) on having repre-
sentatives of differing views examine politi-
cally significant items. If a reasonable man
of strong views protests an item as unfair to
his party or his principles, perhaps that item
should not be put before children to be
rated as right or wrong, true or false.
As educators generally want Federal hand-
outs that Republicans for the most part
oppose, any bias in school tests is likely to
be against Republicans rather than for them.
-Republicans especially have reason to be
vigilant against the intrusion into the
schools of whitewash and smear. And edu-
cators who care about truth will do well to
minimize their reliance on devices that in-
vite oversimplification.
Constitution Week
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE HANSEN
OF IDAHO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 14, 1965
Mr. HANSEN of Idaho. Mr. Speaker,
on this, the last day of Constitution
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Friday, October 22, 1965
? .
First session of Eighty-ninth Congress adjourned sine die.
Senate
Chamber Action
Routine Proceedings, pages 27115-27140, 27364
Bills Introduced: 31 bills and II resolutions were intro-
duced, as follows: S. 2701-2731; S.J. Res. 122; and
S. Res. 155-164. Pages 27117-27118,27347-27348
Bills Reported: Reports were made as follows:
H.R. 10878, private bill (S. Rept. 932) ;
H, -Con. Res. 509, providing for printing of additional
copies of hearings on crime in D.C. (S. Rept. 933);
R Con. Res. 512, providing for printing of additional
copies of hearings on D.C. home rule (S. Rept. 934) ;
H. Con. Res. 513, providing for printing of additional
copies of hearings on "Lower Colorado River Basin
Project," 89th Congress, ist session (S. Rept. 935) ;
H. Con. Res. 519, providing for printing of additional
copies of hearings on H.R. 2580, proposing various
amendments to the immigration and nationality laws
(S. Rept. 936) ;
HA. 30, providing for U.S. participation in the -
Inter-
American Cultural and Trade Center in Dade County,
Fla., without recommendation, and with amendments
and minority views (S. Rept. p37), and
H,R. 4845, to provide for the economic and efficient
acquisition and use of automatic data processing equip-
ment by Federal departments and agencies (S. Rept.
938). Pages 27117,27347
Measures Referred: Numerous House passed bills and
House passedresolutions were referred to appropriate
committees Page 27162
Authority To Report: Committee on Government
Operations was authorized to file reports during con-
gressional adjournment and that its report on Inter-
agency Drug Coordination be printed as a Senate docu-
Ment.
Page 271 36
Private Bill: Senate agreed to Houk amendment with
. .
an amendment to S. 619, private bill.
Page 27139
Secretary of the Senate: Emery L. Frazier, of Ken-
tuckx, was administered oath of office as Secretary of the
Senate to become effective January1966.
Page 27163
In connection with tills matter. Senate adopted three
resolutions, as follows:
S. Res. 156, notifying House of election of Emery L.
Frazier, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of the Senate,
effective January 1,1966;
S. Res. 157, notifying President of election of Emery
L. Frazier, of Kentucky, to be Secretary of the Senate,
effective January r, 1966; and
S. Res. 158, authorizing the printing as a Senate docu-
ment of a compilation of tributes delivered in Congress
on the occasion of the retirement of Secretary of the
Senate Felton M. Johnston, of Mississippi. Page 27163
Federal Employees' Pay: Senate passed, by unanimous
vote of 67 yeas, H.R. 10281, proposed Government Em-
ployees Salary Comparability Act of 1965, after adopting
committee amendments en bloc, including two of a
technical clarifying nature offered on the floor by Sena.
tor Monroney. Pages 27165-27176
Alaska Exposition: Senate passed with amendments
S. 2614, to provide for participation in the Statewide
Exposition to be held in Alaska during 1967, after adopt-
ing committee amendments en bloc, which were then
considered as original text for purpose of further amend-
ment, and Williams (Delaware) amendment to reduce
authorization for project from $4 million to $3 million.
Motion to reconsider passage of this bill was tabled.
Pages 27184-27190
Coast Guard: S. 2471 to amend in several regards the
laws relating to the administration of the Coast Guard,
was passed with committee amendments.
Pages 271 81-2 71 83
Printing: Senate concurred in House amendment to
Senate amendment to S. Con. Res. 65, to authorize print-
ing as a Senate document of a study entitled "The Anti-
Vietnam Agitation and the Teach-In Movement," pre-
pared for use of Subcommittee on Internal Security of
the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. This completed
legislative action on the resolution. Page 27221
It was ordered that report of the majority on activities
and accomplishments of the 1st session of the 89th Con-
gress be printed as a Senate document. Page 27221
89th Congress Summary: It was ordered that reports
on behalf of the minority respecting laws and treaties
of general interest, activities of the 1st session of the 89th
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'NAL ittLORD ? APPENDIX A5949
lie limelight in Cuba has led to widespread
speculation, is actively directing the sub-
version campaign in Latin America and has
been traveling from one hemisphere country
to another.
A former secretary general of the Bank
Employees Union of Havana, Alvarez de la
Camps came to Panama at the invitation of
the Labor Confederation to attend a con-
gress held Sunday. He called on President
Marco A. Robles yesterday to present him
with a certificate of recognition from the
Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Labor
Front.
He plans to leave for Central America
soon.
Anarchy?A Major Threat Today
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22,1965
Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, Albert
Schlossberg, National Editor of the Jew-
ish Veteran, in an editorial in the Sep-
tember 1965 issue gave a well-reasoned
analysis of the law and order issue
facing this Nation today.
With the automatic cry of police
brutality being used by many lawless
elements to cover their activities, arti-
cles such as written by Mr. Schlossberg
are most welcome.
The article follows:
ANAacny?A MAJ"OR THREAT TODAY?
(By Albert Schlossberg)
America has been especially blessed, for
the framers of the Constitution saw to it
that we would have a strong framework of
rules and regulations to bind us together as
an intelligent society. Deep-rooted In that
Constitution has been an ever-present, firm
respect for law and order.
Of late I have heard murmurs, from many
sources, that perhaps this traditional Amer-
ican philosophy is outmoded. Manifesta-
tions of the conundrum have cropped up in
scattered sections of the United States, and
In some quarters we have heard "We'll only
obey the laws that we agree with."
Is this the first chink in the dike that
has kept America immune from any threat
of anarchy? Let's explore the issue, with-
out taking sides and see where our investi-
gation leads us.
From a neutral vantage point I'd like to
examine one facet of our society that seems
to be in danger of an imminent breakdown,
the relationship of the citizen, you and me,
to the people charged with the duty to pro-
tect us, the police departments, local and
State. The catalyst in this instance seems
to be a catch-phrase, often loosely used, "po-
lice brutality."
Well, what about "police brutality"?
What happens in your mind when you hear
those two words? Do you think of Hitler's
storm troopers? Stalin's 0.0.P.U. or Bull
Connor's "special deputies"?
When is a police officer "brutal"? Just
how far can the representative of the law
go in the pursuit of his duties? The train-
ing manuals of almost all police departments
in the United States contain instruction in-
dicating that the officers are authorize to use
"reasonably necessary" force when intactng
an arrest. The policeman is warned that it
is not his duty to "punish" a suspect by us-
ing unnecessary force. It is made clear to
the law enforcement personnel that under
the American system a suspect 113 consid-
ered innocent until proven guilty to the sat-
isfaction of a judge or jury.
Perhaps you saw the same TV news broad-
cast that I did the other evening. A re-
porter was interviewing a young man who
had been injured while participating in a
demonstration in a northern city. The
young man explained how he had been in-
jured, and then concluded by stating, in
response to a query, that the participants
in the demonstration had been "instructed
to chant 'police brutality' if a police officer
attempted to place them in custody."
Let's not delude ourselves; of course, if
we examine the record we will find that
among the nearly 200,000 policemen in the
United States there certainly are some who
are brutal and we will also find, it seems to
me, a sadist or two who get their kicks out
of beating up on a prisoner. However, you
will also find many dedicated individuals
doing an often thankless job that you or I
would refuse to accept. By and large the
cop on the beat or in the patrol Car is no
different from a cross section of any profes-
sion, or selected group in our modern-day
society?some good, some bad, some medi-
ocre, and mostly average citizens.
The policeman's lot is not an easy one.
In the United States, in 1964, 18,000 police-
men were assaulted in line of duty. Of the
18,000, 57 were murdered and nearly 8,000
received serious injuries.
Several communities seem to be on the
right track in their search for an answer
to the charge of police brutality. Philadel-
phia, Detroit, Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas,
and Washington, D.C., to name a few, have
standard procedures set up to handle in-
vestigation of any charges of brutality that
may be made against the members of their
departments. Philadelphia has adopted a
policy of an "all civilian" review board, while
others believe that the beat approach to the
problem is through an "all police" board or
a combination of the two, a "civilian-police"
committee. Each of the plans has some
merit, and as a result of their diligent
search for the right way progress is being
made.
Washington, D.C., has a method of han-
dling complaints of police brutality that,
at this distance, looks pretty good. In the
vernacular, it is "put up or shut up." Trans-
lated into more acceptable language it sim-
ply means that if you have a legitimate com-
plaint against a police officer and wish to
press the charge you must file a sworn affi-
davit. In 1964, as a result of this policy,
11 complaints were filed with the review
board. Of the 11 officers charged, the com-
plaint against 2 was dropped before it reached
the board, 2 policemen were found innocent
and 7 were found guilty. No whitewash
there, according to those statistics, at least.
Until the millenium is reached and the
world becomes completely civilized we need
police to protect us from ourselves, and
from each other. It is a thankless, nasty
job at best, usually underpaid and often
maligned by disgruntled citizens who have
a personal "beef" against an individual
officer.
Under conditions such as these, the police
deserve all of the support that we can give
them. We must recognize their shortcom-
ings, hold them responsible for their actions,
but make them aware of the fact that we,
the civilians, will guard their right to the
same principle that we cherish, to be con-
sidered Innocent until proven guilty.
Statement on Behalf of Bernard L. Boutin
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. OLIVA HUOT
OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22,1965
, Mr. HUOT. Mr. Speaker; 2 weeks ago
President Johnson nominated Mr. Bern-
ard L. Boutin to become the Deputy Di-
rector of the Office of Economic Oppor-
tunity, an extremely important and
sensitive post in the war on poverty.
The strongest testimony to Mr. Boutin's
qualifications is the fact that the Senate
Labor and Public Welfare Committee did
not require hearings before approving
his nomination. For this reason, I was
unable to testify on behalf of my long-
time friend. I therefore place in the
RECORD, the statement I had prepared
on his behalf:
Mr. Chairman, my name is J. OLIVA HUOT,
Congressman from the 1st Congressional
District of New Hampshire.
It is a distinct privilege and honor for
me to appear before the Senate Labor and
Public Welfare Committee in support of the
nomination of my long-time friend, Bernard
L. Boutin, as Deputy Director of the Office
of Economic Opportunity.
When I served on the school board in the
city of Laconia, N.H., Bernard Boutin was
the mayor. This gave me an excellent op-
portunity to observe closely the outstanding
administrative ability and selfless devotion
to public service that are the hallmarks of
this man.
From the mayor of Laconia, Bernard Bou-
tin was picked by the late President John F.
Kennedy to become the Administrator of
the General Services Administration. This
was a remarkable jump?from mayor of a
city of 15,000 to management of a billion-
dollar agency. Yet, I have heard nothing
but praise and admiration for the job he
did?both from those who served under -him
and those who were affected by the activities
of GSA.
More recently, as executive vice president
of the National Association of Home Build-
ers, his guidance and leadership significantly
contributed to the passage of the housing
bill of 1965 and the bill to establish the
Department of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Bernard Boutin is unquestionably qualified
for this job. He is also unquestionably de-
voted to service of his country and par-
ticularly aware and sensitive to the acute
human problems with which he will be
dealing.
The people of New Hampshire are justi-
fiably proud of Bernard Boutin. I am proud
of him and I know that as Deputy Director
of the Office of Economic Opportunity the
entire country will be equally proud.
I urge speedy confirmation of this out-
standing appointment.
CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY
The Public Printer, under the direction of
the Joint Committee on Printing, may print
for sale, at a price sufficient to reimburse the
expenses of such printing, the current Con-
gressional Directory. No sale shall be made
on credit (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 150, p.
1939).
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Therefore, I am delighted to insert in
the RECORD the following official state-
ment by Gov. John Dempsey:
CONNECTICUT TRIBUTE TO SAMUEL 17, PRYOR,
Samuel P. Pryor, Jr., of Greenwich, one of
Connecticut's most distinguished citizens, is
known throughout the world both for his
prominence in the?aviation Industry and for
great humanitarian service to' his fellowmen.
Now that he is retiring after many years of
outstanding service as an official of Pan
American World Airways, it Is fitting that
we accord due recognition to Sam Pryor and
pay him the tribute he so justly deserves.
Men and women in all walks of- life, in
cities in virtually all the countries of the
world, know Sam Pryor as a leading citizen of
the State of Connecticut.
In two wars in which our Natioi has been
,involved, fighting for the preservation of our
way of life and for the principles of freedom
and justice, Sam Pryor has rendered con-
spicuous and highly important service.
Beyond all this, moreover, Sam Pryor has
been a real friend to countless numbers of
people. Appeals for assistance in any cause
benefiting mankind always have received
from him a ready response.
For all of these reasons, and because he
Is a man In whom we of Connecticut take
Much pride, we salute Samuel F. Pryor, Jr.,
both as a great citizen of our State and as a
truly great American.
- ATOILN DEMPSEY,
' Governor.
Everybody in the Club
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
-HON. J ARTHUR YOUNGER
or mtroaNra
TBE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, October 20, .1965
.Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, Col-
umnist Lucius Beebe, in his article pub-
lished in the San Francisco Chronicle,
on October 19, gives a very vivid de-
scription of the "Great Society," in which
he emphasizes the ultimate result of
such a sociOy as now contemplated by
the administration, Iis column fol-
lows:
Evnaysorox uns CL,US
(By Lucius Beebe)
When the American scheme of things, al-
ready factually bankrupted by a long suc-
cession of giveaway administrations and now
steering a collision course with absolute col-
lapse, achieves the end fOr which its poli-
ticians have headed it: a society of con-
sumers with no producers and no incentive
to produce, the startling thing will, to the
historical perception, be the equanimity and
good cheer with which a once great people
approached their own dissolution.
Other ,civifizations jaa,ve gone down, most
Of them fighting. But it took the Roman
Empire a full thousand years to be liquidated
and even the British, grapire, wantonly de-
stroyed within the memory of living genera-
tions, didn't liquidate itself without an argu-
ment.
The United States is ?going down the drain
of _history with complete equanimity and in
a pletbora_of Idiot slogans. Some of them
ikettia,so-c11g,.
rights are so alaunclantly meaningless since
the goals and aims they envisioned were
already in universal practice and availability
as to be merely patently spurious. But "the
Great Seciety," which if it is only fraction-
ally achieved will spell the social and eco-,
nOrnic engl of the United States as a COM.-
+
1
ponent of organized world power, is fraught
with persuasive mendacity.
The basic philosophy of President John-
son's ideal is, of course, the purchase for
material considerations of the perpetuity in
office of the Democratic looters of the Amer-
ican economy. Its belief is that abundant
and rich rewards of every sort, not merely
the opportunity for their achievement,
should be made available to absolutely
everybody with no regard for his own invest-
ment of labor, intelligence or responsibility.
In other words everybody is going to be
a member of the country club set without
the troublesome bother of lifting a finger
to deserve it. This is what President John-
son means by the Great Society. Just who,
in this benevolent scheme of immortality
for the Democratic Party, is going to produce
the material abundance on which the vision
is predicated doesn't bother the Presidential
mentality. A single monolithic electorate
of 200 million voters all supporting the
straight Democratic ticket on the basis of
the cash favors of the administration is
all that concerns the planners in Washing-
ton. paving already destroyed the value of
money, they now propose the destruction of
competition and a scheme of economic and
social rewards that has hitherto been based
on the individual investment of work and
Intelligence.
The peculiar ambivalence of the Presi-
dential aims is apparent when you consid-
er that, on the one hand the administration
makes a valiant pretense of creating jobs
for everybody while on the other hand prom-
ising that, job or no job, everybody is go-
ing to belong to the country club and have
five cars in the garage. Why then a job
at all?
That the intelligence of the American
people has been so eroded with soft lying
and political blandishments as to seriously
accept such a scheme of things as not only
possible but actually desirable is not a flat-
tering commentary on the collective Ameri-
can mind. Most of us are available to flat-
tery and large numbers of people are avail-
able to systematic delusions and the grand
scale Of mendacity made possible by con-
temporary government and communications,
but to accept without batting an eye the
proposition that the machinery of society is
going to continue indefinitely with every-
body a consumer and nobody on the pro-
ducing end is not rational.
In actual fact it contributes materially to
the theory in some circles that entire nations
can become mentally unbalanced, usually
advanced to explain the conduct of Nazi
Germany.
Nothing in history suggests that some-
thing 'for nothing is a workable social or
economic hypothesis. The erosion of com-
petition and destruction of a system of re-
wards is almost immediately fatal to the
society that embraces such quackery.
Even the Russians are daily becoming more
aware of the circumstance, having learned it
the hard way. For some decades Commu-
nist Russia tried living on slogans, even
as President Johnson would have us all do.
It was found not to be a satisfactory diet.
Mapping the Ocean Floor
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HASTINGS KEITH
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, October 20, 1965
Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, the fine
public information offices?and the very
talented people who work in them?am
A5947
one of the Navy's greatest assets. Navy
information officers are dedicated men
who work quietly, modestly, and effi-
ciently, making every effort to draw at-
tention to what they are publicizing and
yet skillfully avoiding the temptation to
draw themselves into the spotlight.
One outstanding example of such a
topnotch operation is the Naval Ocean-
ographic Office Public Information Sec-
tion. Its Deputy Director, Bob Niblock,
is a good writer and an outstanding pub-
lic information man.
Following is one of many instances
of the very fine job the public informa-
tion section is doing for the Naval Ocean-
ographic Office. I am proud to include
in the RECORD this very interesting article
written by Bob Niblock about the ex-
citing work the Navy is doing in mapping
the ocean floor.
Chartmaking of the three-dimensional
ocean is a very important part of the
modern Navy's role. For without an un-
derstanding of its operating environment
the Navy would be at a great loss.
The article follows:
1From the Washington (D.C.) Post,
Oct. 17, 19651
NAVY IS MAPPING THE OCEAN FLOOR
An accelerated U.S. Navy effort to learn
more about the ocean environment in which
its ships and submarines operate has been
a prime moving force for some exciting new
programs of research and exploration in
recent years. ,
Research ships now operate in all parts of
the world gathering information for a three-
dimensional picture of the ocean. Vehicles
to explore the greatest depths are being
designed and built and successful experi-
ments point to the day when men may live
and work in the sea for extended periods.
Based on the current growth rate, oceanog-
raphy?the science of the seas?is a career
of the future.
An organization which has undergone
major changes because of the current push
is the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (form-
erly the U.S. Naval Hydrographic Office) at
Suitland, Md.
Commanded by aptly named Rear Adm.
Odale D. Waters, its once modest program
has sprouted into a three-department under-
taking involving more than 700 men and
women.
Oceanographers from the Suitland office
range the globe studying everything from
the drift of Arctic ice floes to the tempera-
ture variation and distribution of Gulf
Stream sealife. All programs are directed
primarily toward bettering -the defense capa-
bility of the U.S. Navy. But they also assist
dozens of nonmilitary activities, from deep-
sea fishing to long-range weather forecasting.
Many of the Oceanographic Office's proj-
ects have a distinctly pioneering flavor.
Like the one carried out in a deep section
of the Atlantic near Nassau, known as the
Tongue of the Ocean.
There the Navy's Bureau of Ships is de-
veloping a facility called the Atlantic Under-
water Test and Evaluation Center. When
completed, it will provide a deep ocean test
range for submarines, surface ships and
their weapons systems. The Oceanographic
Office was asked to draw a picture of this
3,000-square-mile ocean test tank.
In researching the area, a two-man sub-
marine was used to survey the steep lime-
stone cliff which surrounds Andros Island,
largest of the Bahama Islands, and extends
underwater for more than 600 feet.
A four-man team of divers and scientists
was sent from the Oceanographic Office.
Washington Oceanographer Roswell F.
Busby headed the group which included
Chester Bright of La Plata Md a veteran
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Navy diver and underwater photagrapher,
Oceanographer Gilbert Ruggles, of ()ion
Hill, Md., and Scientific Technician Andres
Prune, of Suitland, Md., who was a leader
of the Cuban underwater demolition team
during the Bay of Pigs operation. A skilled
artist, he produced detailed sketches of the
reef after dives in the Cubmarine.
During descents in the 22-fOot vessel,
Busby could look through any of 17 plexi-
glass portholes as he made his scientific ob-
servations on a portable tape recorder, There
was voice communication between the sub
and surface tending vessel and at one point
during the hour-long first dive Busby de-
scribed coral formations looking like "bou-
qUets of telephone poles."
Bright made the second dive. Using movie
and still cameras, he made his photo docu-
mentation as the sub cruised downward
along the cliff. On each dive, they descended'
to 600 feet.
High winds and rough seas canceled out
3 days of operations, but in nine dives the
team covered most of the critical sites in
the AUTEC area.
They returned with valuable data, photo-
graphs and sketches, which are now being
used to draw up plans for cable laying
operations.
There were other bonuses from the under-
taking, according to Busby. Although their
mission was applied research, the team
saw and photographed an underwater forma-
tion which had been theorized but seldom
Seen.
On the face of the escarpment about 200
feet underwater, they discovered a shelf
cut into the coral which helped to docu-
ment the fact that the levels of the sea
were much lower at one time, since this
kind of shelf is most likely to have been
cut by intertidal erosion centuries before.
In addition, said Busby, "we learned a lot
about working with small, deep-diving re-
search submarines and about their potential
as a useful research and survey tool."
The 50th Anniversary?U.S*. Marine Corps
Reserve
? EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Os,
HON. CLARK W. THOMPSON
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, October 20, 1965
Today, more than at any other time in
its history, the Marine Corps Reserve
stands equipped, trained, and ready to
answer the call of its country to defend
once again that freedom which has been
won by so costly a sacrifice.
In 1916, at the urging of the then Sec-
retary of the Navy Josephus Daniels and
the Commandant of the Marine Corps,
Maj. Gen. Commandant George Barnett,
the Congress passed "An act making ap-
propriations for naval service for the fis-
cal year ending June 30, 1917, and for
other purposes." One of the other pur-
poses was to set forth provisions regard-
ing a Marine Corps Reserve. President
Woodrow Wilson signed the act into law
on August 29, 1916, and Secretary Daniels
promptly issued Navy Department Gen-
eral Order No. 131 on August 31, 1916,
which contained the following state-
ment:
A U.S. Marine Corps Reserve to be a con-
stituent part of the Marine Corps and in ad-
dition to the authorized strength thereof, is
hereby established.
The first official strength report of the
Marine Corps Reserve shows only 3 of-
ficers and 32 enlisted men as of April 1,
1917. From that small beginning, how-
ever, the reserve grew to 6,467 in World
War land to a peak strength of 357,417
during World War II. At the present
time, the Marine Corps Reserve numbers
141,000, of which 7,000 are now on active
duty, 100,190 are in Ready Reserve, and
the remaining 33,810 are in Standby Re-
serve or retired.
The Marine Corps has always claimed
the proud distinction of being ready to
fight for its country whenever and wher-
ever needed, and the Reserve has stood
ready to back up that claim, and it con-
tinues to do so today. I think it is en-
tirely fitting that we should honor such
an organization.
Two Hundred Panamanians Trained in
uba for Isthmian Subversion
Mr. THOMPSON of Texas. Mr.
Speaker, August 29, 1966, will mark the
50th anniversary of the formal establish-
ment of the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve.
Yesterday I introduced a bill calling on
the Postmaster General to issue a stamp
at the appropriate time next year to
commemorate this highly significant
event in the history of a great organiza-
tion?an event which is equally great and
significant in the history of the United
States and in the struggle of all free peo-
ple to defend freedom with life's blood or
with life itself if need be.
The U.S. Marine Corps has written on
the pages of history of this Nation feats
of dedication and heroism unsurpassed
In the annals of man?and the citizen-
marine has shed his blood and offered up
his life side by side with the regulars on
every beachhead and in every battle from
Chateau Thierry to Iwo Jima to Vietnam.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, October 20, 1965
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, in a num-
ber of addresses before this body, I have
?described the Panama Canal as a key
target for communistic revolutionary
conquest and vigorously opposed the em-
ployment of alien Panamanians in se-
curity positions, especially on the Canal
Zone police force.
Recent information from the isthmus
is that more than 200 Panamanians have
been trained in Red Cuba in preparation
for aggressive subversive activities
against Latin America.
In order that the Congress and the
people of our country may be informed
on this matter, I quote a news story from
a well-known and respected isthmian
newspaper:
[From the Panama (11.P.) Star & Herald,
Sept. 28, 1965]
TWO HUNDRED TRAINED IN CUBA FOR SUBVER-
SION HERE?EXILE TELLS OF PLANS
More than 200 Panamanians have been
trained in subversion in Communist Cuba
in preparation for their part in Panama of
an overall Communist aggression plan against
Latin America, a handless former diplomat
of the Castro regime said in a news con-
ference yesterday.
He is Odon Alvarez de la Campa, 45, who
until March of this year was minister coun-
selor of Castro's embassy in Madrid, Spain.
He has joined the anti-Castro movement in
exile. He lost both hands while engaged in
sabotage work for_Castro's underground army
in the fight against the Batista regime.
Prior to being assigned to Madrid, he had
served as deputy chief of the Castro police.
Alvarez de la Campa said he learned of
the Cuban plan of aggression against the
Latin American nations at a meeting he at-
tended in Paris in January of 1965. This
meeting, held in the Cuban Embassy in
Paris, was presided by Ernesto (Che) Gue-
vara, the third-ranking man in the Cuban
Communist hierarchy.
Students .from all Latin American coun-
tries who had attended a Communist con-
gress in Warsaw, Poland, attended the meet-
ing, 'Alvarez de la Camps declared.
Guevara, the former diplomat said, told
the . students of the decisions reached at a
congress of Latin American Communist
Parties held in Havana in November 1964,
and urged them to return quickly to their
countries in order to intensify the subversion
plans. Guevara, according to Alvarez de la
Campa, was concerned by the failure of pro-
Castro guerrillas to stop elections in Vene-
zuela and to take over in Brazil, then gov-
erned by Joao Goulart.
"I have been inside the training camp in
Cuba," Alverez de la Campa said. "Not only
are the latest weapons employed there, but
the most modern tactics of subversion are
taught. There are not only Cuban but
Chinese, Russian, and Vietnamese instruc-
tors."
Alvarez de la Campa said that because of
his familiarity with the pattern of Com-
munist infiltration from Cuba, he is certain
that arms have been cached already in Pan-
ama for future Use. -
He said Castro agents move in Europe
through Prague, Paris, and Madrid and that
the Spanish capital serves as the gateway
to Latin America for agents assigned to
the Western Hemisphere.
In Latin America, Alvarez de la Campa
,added, the vital centers of Communist traffic
are Mexico -City, Montevideo, Uruguay, and
Santiago, Chile. In these cities, he reported,
false travel documentation is -provided for
Communist agents.
He said agents trained in Cuba infiltrate
government, labor, and student organizations
and their strategy is' to capitalize on social
conditions in each country in order to carry
out propaganda, agitation, and terrorism, and
bring about armed conflict.
Cuba's campaign of penetration and sub-
version in Latin American countries has been
intensified in recent months, according to
Alvarez de la Campa.. He said events in
Peru, Guatemala, Venezuela and other coun-
tries should not be regarded as isolated out-.
breaks, but as part of an overall hemisphere
campaign.
This subversion, he declared, is aided by
both Russia and Communist China. The
ideological split between the two Red giants
has not been carried into-Cuba, he explained,
and the Castro regime receives economic and
military aid from both Communist powers.
Alvarez de la Campa said he believes
Guevara, whose disappearance from the pub-
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Otepka, taking advantage of the reor-
ganization of the file room, of which Norpel
had charge, discovered something curious.
A number of clearances for high appointees
had been predated to the time of their hir-
ing. They had been put at once on the pay-
roll without any investigation into their
background. Inquiry quickly showed that
sOrne had very dubious or even adverse rec-
bras. When. news Of this spread through the
Department, a number of those employed de-
cided they did not want a Government job
after all,
Orders Came down that Norpel would be
more usefill away from the files, and they
Were remeved froM. Otepka's jurisdiction.
Norpel was set to work on special clearances.
Simultaneously, Boswell transferred some of
the functions Of the evaluations division to
his own executive office, including the files.
They were now safe from probing security
Men.
HERE Is vialEUE SEILLE ENTERS THE PICTURE
On April 16, 1962, John F. Reilly, who had
been a senior lawyer for the Federal Com-
munications Commission, was brought in to
succeed Boswell. Congressional testimony re-
vealed that his job was to "get Otepka." A
stratagem was thought up to make this easy.
Otepka was offered a 10-months' course in
the National War College. Otepka surprised
by this bounty, found out that he was not
to be returned to the Security section, so he
said, "No, thank you."
David Belisle was brought from the Na-
tional Security Agency as Deputy Director,
Otepka's old post. He had supervision over
Otepka's evaluation division, as well as the
moribund special project. Obviously, a
squeezeplay was being attempted against
Otepka, and while technically he retained
his old status, actually he was being down-
graded. Anything that came from the Otepka
office now was sure to meet objection, if only
for a "t" not crossed, while the top was dis-
regarding and violating actual personnel
security procedures, promulgated by the
White House and sanctioned by Congress
as Executive Order 1040. This is still the
basic regulation. A flood of waivers from
the top circumvented Clearances.
Civil Service in December 1962 resurrected
the Wieland case by sending to the State
Department new evidence that was developed
after the Senate Internal Security Subcom-
rnitte's exploration into the fall of Cuba.
This naturally went to Otepka, who assigned
it to the old special project group. Reilly
Called for the special Wieland file almost at
once, and this was the last seen of it until
May 1963. No work had been done on it.
Harry M. Hite immediately was assigned to it.
Norpel and his security associates began a
departmentwide search for documents re-
lating to the new data. Reports spread in
the Department that they were hitting pay
dirt.
The boom was lowered again. This time
it dropped right through the hull. The
evaluation division phones were tapped by
orders that came though Reilly. A futile
effort was made to attach microphones in the
offices. 'The, classified trash that was dis-
carded daily into burn bags, to go into the
furnace, was diverted and pored over mi-
nutely. Surveillance of Otepka's selectees
was begun. Officers and secretaries in con-
tiguous security areas were persuaded to act
as informants on all movements of the group,
to report what then Men said, and to assess
their intent and actions.
`04.11411T,?23., 19.03,_a raid took place of the
Qr,pka premises, indistinguishable from any
ra d that_might have 'Wren place of a nar-
Cates ..ring or even a Red espionage ring. At
11:50 ani,, Mrs. Evnice Powers, Otepka's per-
sonal seereterY, was called by Reilly and sent
to a different office for a spurious rush job.
At 11.53 a..rn, Billy N. Hughes was summoned
4,11tI hanciedhis tranger to routine investiga-
tion in a Washington field office. Reilly sug-
gested he go to lunch at once instead of re-
turning to his old office.
At 11:56 a.m., Norpel was summoned and
likewise was handed the same transfer orders,
and he, too, was told, "There's no need for
you to report back to your office; go out to
lunch, and then report to your new office."
At the stroke of noon, Otepka, having been
similarly summoned, walked into Reilly's of-
fice. All this time, Belisle hovered over the
scene, as a bodyguard might have done.
Otepka was given an obviously make-work
assignment apart from his old staff. He was
banished to a cubbyhole to "write a hand-
book on security operations." He returned
to his office to find Mrs. Powers, Hughes, and
Norpel there. They were experienced enough
in surrptitious and illegal techniques to
know there was something phony about this.
And there was.
THREE OFFICES?NOT ONE?RAIDED AT ONCE
The public impression, from what has been
published, is that Otepka's office alone was
summarily entered and searched. Actually,
a raiding party simultaneously at about
12:10 p.m. entered the office of Otepka, the
adjoining separate office of Mrs. Powers, and
farther down the hallway, the combined of-
fices of Norpel and Hughes. While others
watched, wondering what crime had been
committed, Reilly superintended the seizure
of all safes and the immediate changing of
all combinations on the locks. All records
and file material were removed from the
desks. Even the personal belongings of the
exiled staff were impounded, and could be
obtained only later under the surveillance of
a guard.
If only such energy could be focused on
our Communist enemies.
Norpel worked on routine investigations of
job applicants, the sort of thing he had cut
his teeth on in the FBI in 1951. Hughes
shortly after was pressed into accepting a
permanent assignment as a field agent in
Memphis, Tenn. In January 1964, Norpel
made his first appearance as a witness before
the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee,
on instructions relayed through his superior.
Intermittently, for the past several years,
the subcommittee had been calling witnesses
from the security branch, on the basis of
information sent it from numerous alarmed
sources.
Following his testimony, Norpel was asked
if he was satisfied with his assignment, and
when he replied in the negative, was trans-
ferred back to the evaluations division. Ap-
parently, anywhere they went, this group in-
sisted on doing a thorough job. On March 15,
1964, the old group, except Hughes was re-
assembled, along with Howard J. Shea, an
old State Department hand. and Edwin A.
Burkhardt, and was reconstituted as an un-
defined section of the Bureau of Inter-
American Affairs. They were supposed to be
engaged in some supersensitive task. But
the required files and facilities were kept
from them. They twiddled their thumbs,
chafing and protesting over the inaction.
Loughton settled for a consular assignment
abroad. Gardner went upstairs.
Norpel was placed in charge. He kept in-
sisting on something to do, and continued
being fed a line about the super-secretness of
it all. He did his usual probing, nonethe-
less, and came up with what he surmised
they should have been seeking. His secu-
rity background led him to the right trail.
ThIS was evident when the same boom came
down. Out of the administration's wood-
work came the same influences that divert
or paralyze any government project once it
threatens to really hurt the Communists.
Norpel was ordered to El Paso, Tex., where
there never had been a State Department of-
fice. Shea was ordered to Denver, Colo.
Hite and Burkhardt were left behind, with
the same ambiguous non-assignment, where
October 22, 1965
they still are in virtual quarantine. Otepka
on April 30, 1964 was told to delay his previ-
ous meaningless task, and take on a new one,
reading the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in order
to record the views of legislators on security
matters. Norpel and Shea, of course, did
not accept punitive exile, and have been
dropped from the payroll, and are considered
discharged. Now it is up to the public, Con-
gress and the press. The Otepka and the
Norpel cases, and those of the others, must
not be separated.
Jack Foisie
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE
OF lp-r-As
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22, 1965
Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker,
the October l965 edition of the magazine
Army published by the Association of the
U.S. Army contains an article written by
Jack Foisie of the Los Angeles Times on
the war in Vietnam, and the men who
are fighting it. It is entitled "My Third
War" and I commend it to all those in
this body who have seen service in mili-
tary combat:
ME THIRD WAR
(By Jack Foisie)
SAIGON.?When my "friends and neighbors"
of the draft board selected me for a year of
military training back in mid-1941, I hated
the thought of being in the Army. Even
after Pearl Harbor, and the year became
"for the duration" and learning to shoot
took on purpose, I remained at heart a
civilian.
Now I am in Vietnam?in my third war.
Of course, I am no longer a soldier. / am
a correspondent. I also was a correspondent
during the Korean war. And midway
through World War II, I became an Army
combat correspondent.
But in uniform or out, I have remained a
civilian, and at least in the last two conflicts
I have?I fear?sometimes gloried in the
independence enjoyed by a correspondent
even when among the military. Yet if I
ever really hated military life (and there
were days in basic training when I thought I
did), I hate the Army no longer. Nor any
other of the Armed Forces.
A career as a military reporter, spanning
2 decades, has been time enough for my
prejudices to wear away.
This is not to suggest that in 1941 I was
a pacifist. But neither was I a fired-up
patriot. Although just beginning in journal-
ism, I had already taken on a speck of the
cynicism that is an occupational disease
(and some would say, a necessity) in our
business.
And so I believed that the war then con-
fined to Europe was not our affair; that
much of the discipline of the military was
needless harassment, and that officers as well
as sergeants were narrow thinkers and had
chosen the military as a career because they
were people who really couldn't cut the mus-
tard in civilian life.
I am still a cynic?particularly here in
Vietnam. But I harbor no such general con-
demnation of men in uniform here, or any-
where else in the world where, in past years,
I have been associated with professional
soldiers, airmen, sailors, marines.
I remember a November day at Fort Knox,
21 years ago, when I had rebellious thoughts.
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0-c6be; 22, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDtx
will risk turning public opinion in this
country against the rescue effort.
In this latter regard, members of the exile
community must realize that there is al-
ready a large and legitimate segment of pub-
lic opinion in the United States which doubts
the wisdom of admitting more Cuban refu-
gees on a mass basis. Gov. Haydon Burns,
of Florida has expressed his concern that an
additional flow of Cuban nationals into this
State will add to economic problems, spe-
cifically in the area of employment.
Other critics foresee an increased burden
on State and national welfare programs since
many of the escapees will arrive with the
clothes on their backs as their only personal
possessions, and no immediate job prospects.
Such fears are not without justification.
We are not surprised that Castro is anxious
to create these problems for the United States
But we would be surprised if members of
the Cuban exile community cooperated,
wittingly or unwittingly, in aiding him in
this cause. A disorderly reply to the Castro
challenge would create the sort of chaos
here which already exists in Cuba. We don't
want that.
On the other hand, it is extremely impor-
tant that those who seek to take advantage
of the Castro escape hatch have an oppor-
tunity to do so. Naturally, we would prefer
an internal revolution in Cuba which over-
throws Castro completely. But his continu-
ing control of the military apparatus seems to
rule that out. His opponents have neither
the arms nor the organization to displace
him.
Rather than see these people rounded up
Hungarian-style and moved to some Cuban
Siberia, we would prefer that an efficient
means of freeing them from Cuba be devel-
oped and that a fair and intelligent resettle-
ment program be organized once they are
out of communism's clutches.
Of course, it would be an error to bring
more refugees to this country only to plunge
them into a cesspool of poverty and psycho-
logical depression. But isn't that what the
Ideological war with communism is all
about? We must prove that we can face
problems such as these and solve them with-
out damaging our own strong socioeconomic
system or simply moving victims of com-
munism from one bad situation to another.
This is not a job for amateurs. It is not
a task to be carried out alone by emotion-
struck exiles already in the United States.
If Castro is truly determined to open the
doors of his country to those desirous of
leaving, the exodus must be handled wisely
and in context with existing U.S. policies.
If it is successful and so complete that we
may be relatively sure only pro-Castro ele-
ments remain on the island, then it will be
far easier from the standpoint of conscience
to increase economic pressure on Cuba; to
blockade the island and to wage psychologi-
cal and physical warfare against Castroisrn.
But that is for the future. Our concern
now is with the present and with the best
possible means of taking advantage of the
latest strange and wonderful twist in Castro's
reasoning.
The Norpel Case
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. H. R. GROSS
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22, 1965
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, in the pub-
lication Tactics, of the date of Septem-
ber 20, 1965, is an article by Mr. Edward
Hunt calling attention to the case of
Mr. John R. Norpel, Jr., who has been
the victim of unwarranted punishment
by officials in the State Department be-
cause of his support of Otto F. Otepka.
Norpel is being punished because of
his honesty and loyalty, not only to Otto
Otepka but to his country. It is incred-
ible that those entrusted with the proper
conduct of the State Department have
been permitted to make a mockery of
the civil service which was designed to
protect efficient, honest, and loyal em-
ployees of the Federal Government.
The article by Edward Hunt follows:
BACKGROUND ON OTEPKA'S DEFENDERS: STUDY
PAPER ON NOR,PEL CASE
An integral, although separated part of the
Otepka case is the Norpel case. Actually,
it also might be called the Shea case, the
Hite case, the Hughes, or the Burkhardt case.
The issue in the Norpel case is a fundamen-
tal one by itself, with its own significance in
the maintenance of freedom. If Otto F.
Otepka were to be restored to his post in
the State Department, and his rights as a
citizen upheld, it would be a pyrrhic victory
if Norpel and the others were not likewise
vindicated.
The basic issue in the Otepka case is the
right of Senators and Congressmen to obtain
correct information from any source as guid-
ance in drafting laws and for policy guidance.
The other side of the identical coin is the
right of the American citizen, in or out of
government, to contact or be contacted by
his Representative in Congress.
Surely it does not require any book learn-
ing to know that it is impossible for any
legislator to write intelligent laws, if when
he asks a question of a government employee
or office holder, he is led astray, misinformed,
or lied to. Free society could not exist with-
out this right of his being fully protected.
The issue in the case of John R. Norpel
Jr., is a person's right, surely in government,
not to be penalized or discharged when his
superior falls from favor or is fired, or to be
forced to repudiate and betray him in order
to get on the right side of his new boss.
Every American has read about the dismis-
sal or disgrace of some official in Soviet Rus-
sia, and how everyone related personally or
professionally to him was purged, as well.
What American while reading this has not
felt a self-satisfied glow of satisfaction that
this could not happen in the United States?
Well, it has happened to Norpel, and to all
these others.
Surely it does not require any book learn-
ing to know that we cannot expect the in-
terests of the United States to be uppermost
in the mind of any government employee or
functionary if he knows that if he does not
play ball with the top, and stand ready at
any time to doublecross or knife anyone
who receives the displeasure of the top, he
will be tossed to the wolves, and the public
not give a damn, the Congress look the other
way, and the press be closed to him.
This is haw it is under despotism, of course.
What we have not realized, of course, is that
With the best will in the world, it is impos-
sible to institute a news management pro-
cedure, allowing officials to decide when they
believe it convenient to Ile to the public,
press, and Congress, and to insist on a policy
of one voice in government, without gradu-
ally building up a dictatorship, with the in-
evitable police state required to enforce it.
This is modern despotism.
OUR SMUGNESS IS ALLOWING THIS TO HAPPEN
This reminder should be brought to the
attention of every man or Woman in govern-
ment, whether in the White House or a city
hall. It should be brought to the attention
of every professor of political science, and
should be digested by every newspaper re-
porter-and voter. The Otepka case and the
Norpel case are the symbols of these two
fundamental issues. We have been so con-
fident that such despotic and unfair proce-
dure could not happen to us that we fail to
recognize these things when they occur
under our noses. They are given such dis-
sembling names as institutional loyalty,
which replaces patriotism.
Norpel, who is married and has two
daughters, is cleancut in looks and character.
Although only 40 last August 6, he has given
half his years to patriotic work, from the
U.S. Army to the FBI, to the State Depart-
ment. His is the sort of outlook and career
that those bent on softening up the United
States seek to corrupt. ' He even was an
Eagle Scout. But he can meet eggheads on
their own ground. He has his B.A., studied
law, is a member of Phi Delta Phi legal
fraternity and Alpha Epsilon national honor-
ary society, and has been a teacher in Phila-
delphia and in the FBI. His FBI work
ranged from specialization in investigative
photography to penetration of Communist
underground activities to developing com-
plex espionage cases. He was highly com-
mended by J. Edgar Hoover in the designing
of an investigative device for security tasks,
and Hoover also commended him on other
occasions in connection with security opera-
tions.
Otto Otepka brought him into the State
Department in July 1961 to work on a special
project suddenly ordered for an exhaustive
review of the security backgrounds of all at
officer level. Preliminary studies were being
made by two other security evaluators, Harry
M. Hith and Billy N. Hughes. Otepka as
Deputy Director of the Security Office, 'also
brought in as evaluators, Raymond A.
Loughton from the Defense Department,
who was upset over being overruled regard-
ing Adam Yarmolinsky, and Francis V.
Gardner, recently with FBI. Howard J. Shea
at this time was an investigative supervisor
under Otepka. Edwin A. Burkhardt, evalua-
tor, had been brought over previously from
the Civil Service Commission by Otepka, who
also had been connected with the Commis-
sion.
The project was begun under the instruc-
tions of William 0. Boswell shortly after this
career Foreign Service officer became Director
of the Office of Security. His role was to
eliminate the Scott McLeod image. The
routine work of the office proceeded, and in-
cluded the William A. Wieland case, which
Otepka completed in August 1961, and
passed it directy to Roger Jones, who re-
cently had become Deputy Under Secretary
for Administration. Boswell simply refused
to have anything to do with it, and the ill-
fated Salvatore Bontempo, given a political
plum as administrator of the Bureau of Se-
curity and Consular Affairs, was out of the
picture. He resigned after a controversial 6
months, during which Congress and the
press asked what a man of his total lack of
experience was doing in such an office. Nor-
pel during this period was trying to retrieve
the voluminous, scattered information in
State Department files that were hidden all
over the place.
FIRST BACKLASH IS REDUCTION IN FORCE
Obviously the team that was assembled
was actually digging into the records. This
obviously never had been intended. The ex-
pectation was that Otepka would be mature
enough to know his men were supposed only
to be going through the motions. The boom
was dropped. Otepka was informed of a sud-
den need for a reduction in force. His post
and -24 other security jobs were abolished.
Otepka now was made chief of the Division of
Evaluations, taking his project staff with
him. Norpel went along. They now had to
handle all the routine cases of applicants,
and with a greatly reduced total staff, a big
backlog built up. Without anyone having to
say a word, the special project was pushed to
the side for lack of time.
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ral
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX October 22, 1965
? Many Cubans relocated elsewhere have re-
turned to Miami.
The social and economic impact on Miami
of thousands of additional Cuban refugees
obviously could be severe, if the orderly in-
flux approVed by President Johnson were not
observed. '
One would guess that this was in the mind
of the sly, whiskered dictator when he re-
versed usual Communist tactics and offered
to ,remove, rather than erect, barriers to
emigration. It is' a severe indictment of the
Castro Communist regime that thousands of
Cubans are eager to vote by boat against it,
as so many thousands of East Germans voted
by foot against their rulers until the Berlin
wall was erected. But, by opening the door,
Castro gets rid' of many countrymen who do
not support him and lessens the drain on
Cuba's skimpy economy.
If the United States should turn an
armada of 'refugee S away because they are
not following an orderly process orimmigra-
tion, Castro would have ammunition for
propaganda branding this country as in-
humane and hypocritical. Cubans already
here understandably would be upset if their
relatives Were not admitted freely by the U.S.
Government, after Castro hacrset them free.
Castro may not be as loony aS he appears.
There's probably a cynical grin behind the
beard.
[From the Lincoln Evening Journal and Ne-
braska State Journal, Oct. 14, 1965]
CASTRO'S BOMBSHELL
Recently Fidel Castro began giving one of
his long rambling talks which covered every-
thing from poverty to bureaucrats. Then he
dropped a bombshell, saying that any Cuban
With relatiVes in the United States could
leave the island after October 10.
President Lyndon Johnson reciprocated by
Saying they would be welcomed. Then the
stampede was on. Everyone from diplomats
down to the Cuban in the street is searching
for the reasons for Castro's new open door
policy.
One thing is certain, many Cubans don't
trust the Cuban dictator and are making a
mad dash to get out while the leaving is pos-
sible. Cuban exiles in this country are aid-
ing their friends and relatives despite the
?U.S. Government's plea for an orderly exit
and the promise of safe transportation.
This mass exodus should disillusion any
remaining Castro admirers in Latin Ameri-
ca,. It also has provided bath a challenge
and a problem for the United States.
The proximity of Florida places the bur-
den on the southern part of that State. Flor-
ida Gov. Haydon Burns proposed a four-
point Federal program to prevent refugees
being 'dumped in the Miami area for re-
settlement and school officials there were told
not to admit new wave Cuban refugee chil-
dren to classes until Federal funds were avail-
able for classrooms and teachers.
There has also been grumbling in some
labor groups about the added competition in
the job markets. It seems evident that the
Cliban Government is not going to cooperate
in an orderly flow of refugees.
? The United States can absorb the refugees,
but Florida cannot, without help. That help
Should be forthcoming?quickly before the
tempers rise in that State. Possibly it was
Castro's plan to embarrass the United States,
but this he should not be allowed to do.
? -President Johnson may have been impet-
'VOUS and perhaps the ground rules should
have been laid before extending the welcome.
But both Castro and the President have
spoken. In international circles Castro's
word means nothing but Uncle Sam's is re-
spected.
' The 1:Tufted" States now must make the
-"best of:a- difficult situation. It dare not dash
114-6 'Of englaved men and women. Cas-
tro has also given-it an Opportunity for a
great propaganda coup against the Commu-
nist world.
[From the Atlanta Journal, Oct. 14, 1965]
CARING FOR CUBAN REFUGEES
A number of agencies here are wisely start-
ing work to care for a fraction of the Cuban
refugees expected to come to this country
in what promises to be a major exodus.
It will be a welcome exodus. Like the
tens of thousands before them, they will be
fleeing from the cruel band of communism.
For reasons not fully known Fidel Castro
has said that he will let down the barriers
to all who want to leave Cuba.
Whatever the reasons it is a happy oppor-
tunity for a brutalized people to make their
way to freedom.
Freedom for those who can leave, as it
has been for practically all who have escaped
before, logically lies in the United States.
This country is not only the traditional
haven for the oppressed but it has also held
a burning anger against Castro and his
fellow Communists and an abiding sym-
pathy for the Cubans.
As these refugees arrive it is the respon-
sibility of the entire country to resettle them
and start them in new lives. The Federal
Government should lead the way. States
and communities should follow through with
their own arrangements.
'Miami has been all but swamped with the
refugees. Other parts of Florida have been
burdened with large numbers. This should
not be, They are a national problem which
should be the enthusiastic concern of all
Americans.
[From the Chicago Daily News, Oct. 16, 19651
CUBA'S NEW EXODUS
It is for Fidel Castro to decide whether the
exodus from Cuba will be confied to the dar-
ing few skilled enough to venture the passage
in sman boats or enlarged to number in the
thousands.
For reasons as unfathomable as his initial
offer to let refugees leave his island prison,
Castro has thus far indicated a willingness to
cooperate with an orderly and larger depar-
ture.
Is Castro merely trying to get rid of "un-
desirables"? Will he eventually demand a
ransom, financial or political? Is he being
prodded by his Soviet bosses to maks a con-
ciliatory gesture?
Whatever the answers, the Cuban refugees
ought to be welcomed by Americans.
They will be a temporary burden, especially
to the Miami area, which has absorbed so
many in the past. But their presence and
their plight affords an opportunity for the
United States to live up to its tradition as
a haven for the oppressed.
The opportunity is a national one, and
Gov. Haydon Burns of Florida is right in
asking other States to do their share.
Fortunately, Chicago already has the
mechanism for absorbing many more refu-
gees. The Cardinal's Committee for the
Spanish Speaking and the Cuban Associa-
tion, which it supports, have integrated
thousands with a minimum of public de-
pendency. (The story is told elsewhere in
today's paper by reporter Norman Glubok.)
The doors of these organizations are now
being crowded by refugee Cubans anxious
to receive friends and relatives who might
form part of a new exodus. Chicagoan
should give them wholehearted support.
[From the Boston Globe, Oct. 13, 19651
THE ROAD TO EXILE
When Fidel Castro startled an audience at
Havana a fortnight ago by announcing that
anyone discontented with his regime could
migrate to the United States, he posed sev-
eral riddles. They remain unanswered.
Was he referring only to those in Cuba
who have relatives living in exile in this
country? Or was his purpose broader? Was
he merely reaching for an expedient to rid
himself of leaders of the growing passive
resistance movement among Cuba's peas-
antry and workmen? Whatever his aims,
was he ready to cooperate with the United
States to facilitate an orderly exodus of the
thousands who undoubtedly would like to
accept his offer?
President Johnson, taking note of Castro's
proposal, was careful to emphasize that the
United States will give first priority to
Cubans having relatives in this country, and
to political prisoners. But he indicated a
broader policy: "Those wso seek refuge here
will find it."
Washington's efforts to obtain a rational
working agreement with Havana are still
bogged down. Castro's suggestion that he
will manage matters as he sees fit doesn't
help. As a result, while intermittent boat-
loads of refugee Cubans turn up off Florida,
our own Government faces a number of
problems.
Whether, as some estimate, 300,000 or
more Cubans are preparing to seek freedom
here, or (as is more likely) the realistic
figure would be nearer 50,000, rigorous con-
trol of admissions is of necessity part of U.S.
policy. The immigration laws make that
mandatory. Even when latitude is allowed
for political asylum precautions are needed.
This should not mean serious hardship
for the fugitive Cubans who, in fact, can
only benefit oy orderly procedures. Mean-
time the problems created by the prospec-
tive arrival of some 5,000 refugees a month
need attention and farsighted planning.
That was the scale of the influx prior to the
Cuban missile crisis, when 350,000 Cubans
fled abroad from Castro's tyranny and some
270.000 of them came here.
Our Government has already spent about
$190 million helping resettle and retrain
these refugees, one-third of them in and
around Miami. Private agencies have con-
tributed a similar amount. Yet nearly 16,000
are still on relief. Clearly the $12 -million
asked of Congress by the President to deal
with the situation now developing is too
modest.
Neither Miami nor Florida's Dades County
can absorb unaided. a new heavy influx of
refugees. The problem obviously is Federal,
not local. No true American will fail to
welcome these unfortunates; but the wel-
come will be the more beneficial to all, in-
cluding the refugees, if backed by an ade-
quate Federal economic and educational
program.
UNCLE DUDLEY.
[From the Tampa (Fla.) Times, Oct. 11,
, 1965]
NOT A JOB FOR AMATEURS
If the evacuation of refugees from Cuba
is to be a success it is extremely important
that Cuban exiles in the United States coop-
erate fully with Government plans for han-
dling this unusual Castro-approved exodus.
In their anxiety to aid friends and rela-
tives leave Cuba, Cubans already in the
United States may defeat their purpose by
rushing a small boat floatilla across the
Florida Straits.
First, the number of escapees picked up
by small boats would be low compared to the
total removed in an organized evacuation.
Second, unless the rescue of these people
from Castroism is orderly, there is a danger
of injustice, accidents and error. One such
"error" occurred over the weekend when
exile operators of a refugee pick-up craft
swapped gunfire with a Cuban militia patrol.
Castro could use auch an incident to cancel
his open-door order and take retaliatory
measnres. against those would-be escapees
who have identified themselves.
Third, any rescue effort which is not
tightly supervised by Governinent agencies
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October 22, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX A6091
the innate hospitality and friendliness of
all Americans.
The following editorials from across
the country attest to the willingness and
friendliness with which the whole Nation
welcomes those who have the courage to
flee from tyranny:
[Prom the Miami Herald, Oct. 18, 19651
GUIDELINES FOR REFUGEES
Once we khew a family whose elderly
father grew ill but could not go to a nursing
home for care. So he moved in with one
of his sons. The others promised to help.
Well, you know the story, Through the
fault really of nobody at all, the one son
became the sole support of the ailing father.
South Florida would not equate its Cuban
visitors with a sick old man but rather with
an ailing freedom that somehow must be
nursed back to robust good health. Yet it
cannot perform that function if new and
heavier burdens are laid upon it by the re-
settlement in this area of large groups of
exiles.
It seems to us that Representative DANTE
FASCELL framed the issue properly before the
House the other day when he observed that
"the Major burden is the ability of one area
to take to its heart and absorb into its eco-
nomic life, thousands more who flee
tyranny."
There is no reason the United States Gov-
ernment cannot do this job with order and
dispatch if it addresses itself seriously to
the question as a metter vested with the
national interest.
Mr. FASCELL has suggested a number of
guidelines. All of them are good. Some must
be adopted. Here they are:
1. Entry should be limited to reuniting
divided families and releasing political
prisoners; beyond that the United States
should not now go.
2. Miami should be only an entry and
processing point and not a staging or reloca-
tion center.
3. Transportation of refugees from Cuba
should be at all times under the strict super-
vision and control of, U.S. authorities.
4. Necessary personnel and equipment
should be kept in the south Florida area to
enforce the laws and to safeguard the secur-
ity of the United States.
5. The United States must have final de-
termination on who is admitted.
6. Refugees must be security screened and,
if considered a security risk returned to
Cuba.
7. The rate of entry of Cuban refugees
into the United States should not exceed
the rate of relocation.
8. No agreement should contain any terms
or conditions which in any way could be
interpreted as changing the position of the
United States against Fidel Castro and his
government. The United States must remain
firm in its determination to rid the West-
ern Hemisphere of communism and to allow
? the people of Cuba to restore a democratic
government.
This policy would commit Congress to a
responsibility for as well as an understanding
of the Cuban refugee problem.
? It would by no means close the door on
refugees.
Indeed, point 8 gives purpose to the
reception of refugees beyond a humanitarian
impulse. For if the United States is to help
achieve a free Cuba it must of course be
receptive to those who seek sanctuary.
[From the Christian Science Monitor, Oct. 16,
1965]
CUBAN REFUGEES
Refugees from Fidel Castro's Cuba may
soon be flooding into Florida at the pre-
Cuban missile crisis rate of more than 1,000 a
Week. The Cuban Premier's surprising an-
nounceinent that anyone on the island who
? _
wants to leave might do so, together with
,
President Johnson's offer to accept all refu-
gees, is a fascinating development. We have
grown accustomed to conununism's iron cur-
tain approach to the desire of its peoples to
emigrate.
There is speculation that Mr. Castro's mo-
'tives were both political and economic. He
could rid the country of opponents of his
regime and at the same time strengthen
the hard-pressed economy by seizing their
possessions.
Mr. Johnson's motives were first of all hu-
manitarian. From his point of view the
exodus, moreover, may be considered a propa-
ganda victory, illustrating to the world the
dissatisfaction of many Cubans with life un-
der Castro's communism.
Whatever the motives of the two leaders,
if the plan does actually materialize it will
pose certain problems for the United States.
There will have to be another crash program
to absorb the refugees as well as long-range
planning and effort to integrate them into
the social and economic structure of the
:country. It will demand the joint endeavor
of private agencies and local, State, and Fed-
eral governments.
Many of the refugees have neither the
language background nor the skills neces-
sary to support themselves in the American
economy. They axe bound to add to the Na-
tion's unemployment and welfare problems.
In some cases their presence may limit job
opportunities for Negroes. Special educa-
tional and job-training programs will cer-
tainly be needed.
And the Nation as a whole is going to
have to find places for the new arrivals.
Florida, and especially Miami, have borne
heavy and disproportionate burdens. About
one-third of the 270,000 refugees who have
come since the Cuban revolution still live
in Miami. When and if the new flood of
refugees does come, both Government and
private agencies should be ready with plans
to locate them, insofar as possible, in areas
of opportunity beyond the borders of Florida.
[From the Washington Post, Oct. 5, 1965]
WELCOMING CUBANS
The administration is wise to hold Pre-
mier Castro to his offer to let Cuban refugees
come to the United States irrespective of
technicalities. Whether or not Castro mis-
understood President Johnson's suggestion
that the International Red Cross assist with
preparations, this country's expressed will-
ingness to negotiate reasonable arrange-
ments will serve the double purpose of re-
affirming the traditional American haven for
those in distress and of dramatizing any
Castro attempt to renege. Federal help in
resettling Cubans with relatives already
here as well as political refugees should pre-
vent too great a burden from falling on
Florida.
At the same time the administration's
position would be even more impressive if it
could take Castro up on his additional pro-
posals?that Americans be allowed to travel
to Cuba, that Cubans in this country be
permitted to visit relatives in Cuba and re-
turn, and that Cubans in Cuba be permitted
, to visit relatives here and return. Such
procedures are impossible now because
Latin American countries have agreed to
discourage travel to and from Cuba as a
curb on subversion. The State Department
has allowed journalists to visit Cuba but
not others, and American passports are en-
dorsed with a prohibition.
Although restrictions of this sort cannot
easily be ended, they still are of dubious
principle. Restrictions on travel are ba-
sically a totalitarian device. Even with the
acknowledged security dangers and possibil-
ity of propaganda facades, there is nothing
like seeing for yourself to bring out essen-
tial truths and encourage open societies.
If there are to be barriers to free travel, let
them come from the Communists.
[From the Evening Star, Oct. 5, 1965]
THE NEW EXILES
The offer of unqualified refuge to Cubans
who wish to leave the island gave a dramatic
ring to the President's Ellis Island speech.
In terms of national sentiment, even in terms
of propaganda, it was the natural response to
Castro's sudden decision to open the doors.
But virtually unlimited immigration from
Cuba creates a host of new problems for
Florida and the city of Miami. Since 1959,
Miami has been the West Berlin of the
Cuban nightmare. More than 200,000 Cu-
ban refugees have flowed into the city, most
of them remaining there on temporary
"parole" status. Miami, aided by State and
Federal funds, has been a kind host. Refu-
gee children attend the public schools.
Jobless refugees go on the public-assistance
roles immediately, although Florida resi-
dents must live there for 5 years before
receiving a dole. The exiles are allowed to
hold jobs, and the result has been a serious
rise in jobseekers in Dade County, particu-
larly in unskilled categories. Some resettle-
ment has been achieved. The majority of
exiles hover in southeast Florida, where the
climate and culture are their own, awaiting
the day of return.
Yet this very hope for an end to Ca,stroism
argues for some sort of limitation an future
immigration from the island. Castro's offer
puts a foreboding seal of permanence on his
revolution. It is a way of cleaning house
and battening down the hatches. What he
seems to be angling for, in effect, is a second
Cuba set up on our own shores?a con-
venient dumping ground for unemployables
and malcontents. This may or may not be
true. Castro may really wish to reopen
channels of communication between the two
nations. But given his muddled speeches,
who can tell?
The Cuban refugee has an unprecedented
hold on the Nation's conscience. This was
made clear in the President's response to
Castro. And the Federal Government will
doubtless take on more of the responsibility
for feeding and resettling the exiles.
What cannot be reckoned is the cumu-
lative effect the new immigration will have
on the exiles themeselves?on their morale,
their hopes, their dreams of eventual re-
turn. If the open-door plan goes through,
Castro will have his safety valve. But the
exiles will not, and their bitterness is bound
to increase as problems of resettlement be-
come more complicated. It is not a happy
prospect, in the long run, for anyone in-
volved?except perhaps for Castro himself.
[From the Oregonian, Oct. 10, 1965]
SLY CASTRO
According to Cuban exiles in Miami, Fidel
Castro apparently meant his recent state-
ment that all Cubans who wished to join
relatives in the United States would be free
to do so. Castro not only has opened the
door; he has stocked a small port with food
and other provisions for his departing coun-
trymen and has sent telegrams to exiles in
Florida inviting them to come to Cuba by
small boat to fetch their relatives.
Already some small craft have made the
voyage safely through waters which formerly
were so closely guarded by Communist tor-
pedo boats that they became known as
"death corridor." Many Miami residents
are worried that their city and State will be
flooded by refugees before the UB. Govern-
ment can arrange for their relocation
throughout the country in an orderly man-
ner. Of 244,000 alien Cubans already in the
United States, more than a third live in the
Miami area and almost half in Florida.
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October 22, :1965
The Soviets hit this critical stage in the late
1950's.""
Page 98: "Everyone understands the prob-
lem: According to one estimate by a leading
Soviet mathematician, 60 percent of the
country's potential industrial output is being
wasted by inefficiencies in planning and ad-
ministration."
U.S. News & World Report, May 3, 1965:
"The Communist system in most of the
eastern European nations is falling apart.
There Still is dictatorship but the totalitar-
ian state is gone and communism as an ideol-
ogy is dead in all satellites except Bulgaria."
In sum, central planning for business and
Industry just wouldn't work. The Russians,
being human, followed their own self-inter-
est and did things the easiest, rather than
the best, way. And, as always when central
planners have to defend themselves, for a
long time they managed to use figures to
cover, the faults.
Finally in 1962 (a year after the Berlin
wall spilled the beans, and Communist
leadership, staring economic defeat in the
face, became willing to listen to anyone)
up popped a Russian liberal named Liber-
' man. (You must remember that, in Rus-
sia, a liberal is against central planning.)
A professor.
He proposed a diabolical, ingenious new
Soviet scheme, the Liberman plan.
He called it "The plan, profits, and bo-
nuses" (pretty nervy right there) and this
was the idea:
Liberman said the public knows what the
public wants. Let each factory develop its
own production targets, product designs, and
selling techniques (fancy words for indi-
vidual and company initiative) based on
what it thinks the public will buy (West-
erners would call this, "the economy of the
marketplace").
The reward is profits for the factories and
bonuses for the workers when they make
goods that sell, and only when they sell,
rather than on what some central planner
directed factories to make and people to buy.
(That's individual responsibility and oppor-
tunity.)
If this sounds like something that's been
going on In the United States for a long
tirne?a market-oriented, profit-motivated,
economic system, guided by decentralized
individual decisions, that's not remarkable.
It is.
Liberman had visited the West. He knew
this would work. And Khrushchev had been
In the West?he could see how well it worked.
Lenin had said, "We'll even learn, if neces-
sary, from the capitalists," and it sure was
necessary, so they decided to try it out. In
the spring of 1964, just before I heard about
that newborn advertising agency, they be-
gan to take steps.
After 2 years of kicking Liberman's ideas
around, while things got worse and worse,
Ithrushchev held his breath and gave Liber-
man the green light to try his plan in the
galenent industry?men's suits. Let's quote
again from the Huntley-Brinkley report, just
13 months later?NBC: Huntley-Brinkley Re-
port, November 4, 1964: "The pioneer in the
new profit system has been the suit factory,
Bolshevichka. No more directives from the
genius in the planning committee. Bol-
shevichka fins orders from retail stores like
QUM. That's all. But it's never been done
before. The stores order what they think
their customers want. Bolshevichka pro-
duces it. The order is delivered to the store
and the customers either buy it or they don't.
If the merchandise doesn't move, the order
Is cut or rescinded. Bolshevichka changes
the model, 'cuts the price, or does what any
producer Would do once he recognizes that
laeAepends on Customers and that the cus-
tomer frrigHt.- Since the new system began,
?not a S'ingtd 136IsheVichka suit has had to go
into, storage PrOthiction is up. Profits are
up. Which means more money for the work-
CONGRESSIONAL' 'RECORD ? APPENDIX
ers. Such euccess depends entirely on cus-
tomer acceptance of their product, so the
Bolshevichka workers have a basic profit in-
centive to satisfy the customers' demand for
quality."
Incidentally?and this is important?this
didn't work at first because the clothing fac-
tory couldn't get satisfactory cloth from its
suppliers, so Khrushchev pushed the new
method onto them, too. There's no stop-
ing this, you see. And if Professor Liber-
man has his way, substantially all of the
Russian economy will be based solely on
profits, determined on the basis of goods
actually sold at retail. The single best indi-
cator of a firm's performance will be per-
cent of profits on invested capital. (Sound
familiar?)
Well, Liberman is getting his way?fast.
In the months since then, with the econo-
mist Kosygin as Premier, the new scheme
has been spreading rapidly. And, of course,
we know that factory profits increase when
customers are satisfied?through better
service, quality, or price. So using profits to
measure success in Russia will gradually im-
prove the quality of all their production. In
some fields this won't take long at all.
In that clothing factory, for example,
bonus payments doubled in 2 months as the
quality and profits improved. In 6 months,
the plant was running at full capacity as
more and more customers' wanted the Bol-
shevichka brand name in their suits. Ob-
viously, they needed some competition. So,
by January 1, 1965, 400 more apparel factories
had been switched to the profit system.
Since then, papers, magazines, and TV
have been full of reports about the new Rus-
sian revolution. Let's pick up a few ex-
cerpts.
Time, February 12, 1965, pages 23, 25, 28,
29:
"Russia's growing community of prag-
matic, highly professional economists and
engineers understands very clearly what has
happened, and is sure that it has the cure--
even if much of it has to he borrowed from
the capitalists. One editor proposed aboli-
tion of Russia's 50-percent consumer goods
tax, argued that all Soviet revenues could
be derived from a profits tax, once profit
was made the universal indicator,
"The manager of a giant construction
complex even went so far as to use the
phrase 'supply and demand' in pleading for
a free-wheeling open market for consumer
goods, admitting that it would necessitate
major reliance on that old capitalist tech-
nique of market research by firms.
"Last month a Moscow economist proposed
that the profit motive even be extended to
agriculture.
"Izvestia recently lamented that while the
United States has 50 university-level busi-
ness-management schools, Russia has none.
"Liberman?When asked if he tries to
inculcate his students with notions of
profitability, he smiles and says, 'Yes, but
very carefully: I say that it is my opinion,
but there are many objections. I explain
them all, and the students draw their own
conclusions.' "
Business Week, October 31, 1964, page 99:
"Prices will be set by producers and re-
tailers?not planners. Under the old system
It took 6 to 12 months and the approval of
nine different agencies to set a price on a
new product.
"Employment will be determined by man-
agers who can expand or contract their labor
force freely, Wages will probably still be set
by the state, but plant directors will be
allowed to increase wages up to 50 percent,
out of profits, for good worker performance."
Page 100:
"There are risks as well as potential gains
in the Soviet experiment. Healthy competi-
tion will no doubt increase among factories
for retail customers and among both fac-
tories and retailers for the consumer. With
AGo89.
competition will come a buildup of the mar-
keting efforts that are already well under-
way.
"For the Russians, marketing expenditures
are not such an easy pill to swallow; such
'wastes' were once considered among the mis-
fortunes reserved for capitalism. It now ap-
pears that they are essential to any mass
production-mass consumption economy."
Associated Press, March 27, 1965:
"'The biggest task now,' said first Secre-
tary Brezhnev, 'is to * * * make a wider use
of economic and moral incentives in all sec-
tions of production on collective and state
farms, which should be allowed greater inde-
pendence in their economic activities.'"
Newsweek, February 18, 1965:
"For Muscovites, long accustomed to only
the meagerest selection of fresh produce in
winter, the abundance available at the Cen-
tral Peasant Market last week was a strange
sight.
"One peasant who arrived in Moscow last
week told Newsweek correspondent Robert
Korengold that he had traveled 2 days and
2 nights from Baku, 2,200 miles away, arid
had laid out $24.42 for his train ticket. But
he added, he expected to clear about $333 on
the load of pears that he had brought with
him. When a woman shopper exclaimed
that 5 rubles ($5.65) was far too much to pay
for a kilo of pears, the man from Baku re-
torted: "It's 5 rubles, lady, because you can't
get things like that here in winter."
"Behind this new march on Moscow lies
a decision by the new team in the Kremlin.
They have ruled that a peasant no longer
needs written permission to bring his wares
to Moscow. In keeping with their tendency
to favor economic policies that work re-
gardless of whether they coincide with Marx-
ist dogma, Russia's new rulers are apparently
willing to tolerate an expanded private trade
in food.
'As for the Moscow housewife, she's ap-
parently delighted with all the fruits and
vegetables now available. Said one Muscov-
ite shopper: 'Maybe if this system works and
the peasants keep producing, we will have
so much that the prices will go down,'"
New York Times, March 28, 1965:
"Last December 9, Premier Kosygin casual-
.ly announced, as though it were the most
natural thing in the world, 'We shall proceed
toward planning on the basis of orders
placed by consumers in all branches of the
national economy.'"
Central planning also involved a lot of
change of plant managers who were moved
around like civil servants during a reduc-
tion in force. The "first in line" got the
job regardless of training or ability. Now
they are throwing that out. Merit will be
the basis for promotion, they say.
You can see how far things have gone
when you realize that profits can now in-
crease "bonuses" of workers by 40 percent
and of managers by 50 percent, automati-
cally, and the workers' bonuses can be "ad-
justed" by management. "Supply and
demand, market research, business schools,
free prices, hire and fire authority, arbitrary
bonuses out of profits, merit promotions,
competition, marketing efforts, economic
policies that work." When you gather all
those words together the jigsaw puzzle be-
gins to take shape,
So remember, when you read in the papers
about another way in which the Soviets are
"copying" the West, they aren't exactly. This
Is no longer reluctant "copying" of isolated
intances, they are simply following and
expanding?rapidly?their new way of life.
Now, I could go on. There are more and
more examples.
But the cat's out of the bag. The Rus-
sians have discovered our secret weapon.
No kidding.
So they've ?revolted again. This time it
will work.
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.'A6091) CONGRESSIONAL RLCORD ? APPENDIX
Pravda has announced a true truth: That
nothing really happens until somebody buys
something.
That, once out of hunger, they don't buy
until they want to buy?and that business-
men who make them want to buy, legiti-
mately, with attractive, high quality prod-
ucts and persuasive salesmen, are the heart
of progress.
That, by and large, for most things, central
planning, socialistic systems work for con-
servation?like parks?and protection?like
the military and the Food and Drug Admin-
istration and social security but they're not
munch good for progress. And in the world
*e're Ip, we progress or die.
Progress requires an economic system that
Is market-oriented, profit-motivated (some
incentive; usually but not necessarily money,
of course), competitive, with decentralized,
independent management.
This is the biggest joke on American
party line followers in 100 years. I wish
Mark Twain were still alive. He'd love this.
Can't you see the bearded party line pick-
ets in Times Square carrying signs that
shout: "Up with profit; down with central
planning," "We want piecework now."
Of course, the Russians may flub this
second chance. Politicians and politics can
ruin any economic system, and in Russia
this would be easy because the state--that
is, the Communist Party?is the sole stock-
holder.
But there's no guarantee that even dedi-
cated Communists will let this chance go
by. The turnabout has been and is bound
to be so dramatic that they'll think twice
before they fire a good market-oriented
Manager.
Progress doesn't require private ownership
of the tools of production, anyway. Freedom
may, but not progress.
Prosperity doesn't know the difference be-
tween the state taking half the profits in
taxes and giving half the profits in bonuses,
as long as management is being measured
by return on investment.
(Management that's free to make a legiti-
mate profit is the key. Ansco film kept very
competitive for 20 years even though the
U.S. Government owned all the stock a ? ?
just as competitive as if a Million stock-
holders had owned it.)
The government let Geneml Aniline's man-
agement rim the show as long as the "return
on investment" stayed up, and that's what
Russia's talking about.
.Assuming that Russian leadership will be
satisfied with the prosperity that the new
system is sure to bring and will act pretty
Much like other stockholders, pretty soon
the major difference in our two economic sys-
tems may be the words "capitalism" and
"communism."
The important points are: ?
1. This old-fashioned market-oriented
American system will work a ? ? even if it's
called the new Liberman plan * ? * no mat-
ter who owns the stock, as long as the mana-
gers are measured on profits, not politics (or
even, as we know here in America, on a little
of both) and the workers get bonuses, or
raises, for making goods that sell.
2. Russia, if she keeps this up ? * * (and
how can they put the chicken back in the
egg?) * * * Russia will grow productive,
strong and powerful.
3. Once a country tastes the value of
change and of the use of profitable new
ideas, they won't want to go back. Pros-
perity keeps men in office. Next thing for
the Russians to invent is the installment
plan?consumer credit?and that won't be
long now.
4, The Russians aren't "copying" bits and
pieces of "Western methods" any more.
What we see in the papers is not evidence of
reluctant imitation but of the growth of
their own new total system. There's a sub-
tle and important difference.
The satellites are in on this, too. Fact is,
some of them are way ahead.
Czechoslovakia has decentralized authority
and has shifted from plan-fulfillment to
profits as a measure of managerial success.
They call it "gross value realize," but as one
Czech interviewed on TV recently said, "What
counts is whether you sell the stuff and can
do it at a profit."
Hungary has profit sharing and?hang on
to your hats?the payment of interest on
capital. The prime rate is 5 percent.
There's another bit of termite-steel. In-
terest is even worse than advertising to
Marxists. Better keep your eye on Hungary.
Or Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia, it turns out, has been an the
profit system for quite awhile. In fact, they
have actual stockholders, although only the
workers themselves own the stock in the
factory. Nevertheless, they've gone so far
that a factory can go broke and all the man-
agement people lose their jobs if they fail to
make a profit.
That's incentive.
And things are rapidly getting worse for
Marx and Lenin.
By now, according to reports from a mem-
ber of a recent trade mission, 85 percent of
all arable land in Yugoslavia is back in pri-
vate hands and any business employing five
or fewer people can be privately owned.
There's no income tax on the first million
dinars, with a 50-percent maximum tax.
They still call that "communism" in Yugo-
slavia. What would you call it?
Even East Germany is talking about it.
Brand-name advertisements are appearing
on the billboard kiosks here and there.
And you know how industrious the Ger-
mans are. If they are allowed to be effective,
they have a tendency to be.
If they eat well and have choices?as you
always do in a market-oriented, profit-moti-
vated economy?then many won't be so des-
perate to leave East Germany. Business-
men, salesmen, marketing men and advertis-
ing men will pop up everywhere.
When that happens?for better or worse?
the wall will come tumbling down.
Obviously, this tremendous 180? change in
the Soviet economic system calls for a re-
examination (not necessarily a change but
a reexamination) of our attitudes and Amer-
ican foreign policy.
I warned you at the beginning that I was
not going to assume that this change in eco-
nomic theory would make Russia a bosom
pal of the United States. Neither can I as-
sume that it will make her more of an enemy.
But in a way, the question of what to do
about Russia's coming economic might is
more perplexing than the what to do about
the Chinese bomb * ? * because we know the
bomb is evil as far as we are concerned, and
we can't be sure whether Russia will use the
atomic power of profits as a friend or as
a foe.
Of course, some folks say that we've been
drifting toward Government control, cen-
tral planning, and deprofiting of American
business and Government support of non-
productive nonworkers to the point where it
won't be long until we cross systems with
Russia and change sides. Wouldn't that be
something. And It could happen.
Certainly, we've just about wiped out pro-
duction incentive pay only to find Russia
thriving on it. Would our unions accept a
40 percent "you get It only if your produc-
tion sells" bonus and "management discre-
tion"?
And, honest now, that Czech on TV said,
"We in Czechoslovakia now believe (get this)
that "what is good for society is also good
for the individual company; and what is good
for the individual company is good for so-
ciety."
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October 22, 1965
Ever hear anything like that before?
When an American said that he almost got
jeered out of the President's Cabinet.
Surely we want to avoid that switchover.
But we'll have to watch our step.
For Russia is now on the right track, eco-
nomically.
And we know that Russians are smart and
capable, as well as clever, so there's no need
for us to underestimate them.
They're wise to central planning and state-
supported nonworkers by now?they've had
a go at it. Forty long say years of it. Boy,
how they must regret those wasted years.
Will they glorify initiative, profit, bonus,
work, self-improvement, personal responsi-
bility, opportunity, salesmanship a ? * and
start spreading wealth the "American" way?
I think the odds are at least 80 to 20 that
they will.
Well, you make the U.S. foreign policy.
How are you going to react?
Do you want to encourage Russia toward
a high-powered, highly motivated economic
system? Should we show her how to build
her marker-oriented economy now that she's
willing to listen?
Or, if we have any influence, should we try
to talk her out of this "profitable idea"?
She'll be asking * * * wanting to know how
American salesmen do it. Asking for sales
and advertising know-how.
Will encouragement and help just be aid-
ing the enemy * a a or will it be man's last
, great hope?
What will happen if we do drift toward
a Government-controlled central-planning,
nonincentive, state support for nonworkers,
system ? ? a until we cross the Russian drive
toward their new, effective, decentralized, in-
centive, more-pay-for-more-effective-work
system?
Will we then become the second most
powerful nation in the world, economically?
Is this how they hope to "bury" us?with
our own discarded weapons?
You make policy in the United States.
What do you think?
Cuban Refugees
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANTE B. FASCELL
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22, 1965
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, last week
I called upon the appropriate committees
of Congress to insure that any agree-
ment between Cuba and the United
States on the entry of Cuban refugees
into this country must contain certain
conditions and safeguards for the south
Florida area as well as the United States,
The response to that speech, Mr.
Speaker, has been most gratifying. The
chairmen of the appropriate subcommit-
tees have assured me of their full con-
sideration. Already the House Foreign
Affairs Subcommittee on Inter-Ameri-
can Affairs has held hearings.
Especially gratifying to me and to all
the people of south Florida has been the
expression by people in all parts of the
United States of a willingness to assume
both this privilege and the burden of
additional thousands of Cuban refugees.
Congress has recognized that the ref-
ugee problem is a national one, and I am
happy that in this case it so ably reflects
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26894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? 110LISE October 21, 1965
Must be counted as jobless when they lose a
job and search for another, the Department
argues.
, There is evidence, though, that any judg-
ment of the seriousness of current unemploy-
Went requires more than just an awareness
of the over-all jobless rate. Interviews with
more than 60 jobless individuals such as Mr.
Anderson a,nd Mrs. Barita, at State unem-
ployment offices and other spots in the
Youngstown, Pittsburgh, and Erie, Pa., areas
and talks with State and Federal employment
specialists in a number of States suggest that
hard-core unemployment is a much smaller
problem than the Government's official job-
less figure would indicate.
FEW ARE UNDER REAL STRAIN
? This survey indicates that a large segment
of the ranks of the currently unemployed is
Wade up of persons only temporarily idle
while between lobs or not seeking employ-
ment in any more than a cursory manner.
Another_ sizable group includes wives, sons
or daughters of the family breadwinner, who
often don't have to support their families.
Many others are people who find it difficult
to get work because of old age, lack of train-
ing, education or physical or emotional
Capability. -
A sampling of unemployed persons in
Toungstown and Erie turned up 34 family
household heads out of work. Of these,
only four had been jobless longer than 3
months, or were actively looking for work
and were without immediate prospects.
Ameng 16 nonbreaclwinners, only one wanted
work and hadn't found it for some time. The
rest were either laid off seasonally, were be-
tween jobs, or indica:ted they weren't under
much strain to find another. Of the five who
could be classed as hard-core unemployed,
one Was a heart patient and one an alcoholic
Stich sampling itself can be misleading,
of course, since such persons as the large
nurnber of teenagers in the market and the
Unemployed who've exhausted their State
payments obviously don't show up at State
compensation offices. Nonetheless, nearly
tWo-thirds of the Nation's unemployed are
covered by such payments. And many State
employment officials say their over-all job-
less rates are no-longer cause for major con-
cern. This gives evidence that the brisk
economy is, for now anyway, overcoming the
effects of automation on employment.
In Ohio, where the jobless rate is about
percent Heman Pound, director of unem-
ployment compensation, exclaims, "It's al-
most fantastic that you can get down this
low in an industrial State. I don't know
What full employment is, but this is getting
pretty close.?
The Journal survey turned up a good
many persons even among jobless pay re-
cipients who weren't eager to find any job
Other than one they might be recalled to, and
some none at all,
One reason for their lack of concern is that
their joblessness is only temporary and not
111,1111ns too much financially_ U.S. long-term-
Unemployment (15 weeks or more) was under
3, percent at mid-September. State officials
maintain that a considerable amount of
short-term unemployment is inevitable as
the result of such things as businesses clos-
ing and new ones starting, seasonal fluctua-
tions and other changes.
. "I don't want to take any job that isn't
better than- the one I had,' say g a laid-off
, machine operator at a toy factory in Erie.
He was put out of work about 21/2 months
earlier because of the plant's seasonal close-
down, but with full expectation of early re-
call, Meanwhile, he has been subsisting on
unemprOyment compensation.
Many of the interviewed jobseekers weren't
9,047, eager to find work even though
they had' no 'Yong-term 'prospects for get-
ting employment. Mr. Anderson, the re-
tired steel plant worker, is a case in point.
He says he was forced to retire at 65 in 1963
and couldn't find a desirable job afterward?
one comparable to his $575-a-month mill
position.
"What the heck?they don't bother with
an old man?too many young fellows out
looking for work," Mr. Anderson snorts. He
finally gave up seriously trying to find a
job, though he still makes some modest at-
tempts, at least while drawing unemploy-
ment compensation benefits. Those benefits,
which lately ran about $85 a month, supple-
mented $70 in pension from the steel mill,
$124 in social security benefits and a $48-
per-month veteran's pension. The jobless
pay ran out in June, but in September Mr.
Anderson's wife started drawing $46.50
monthly in social security benefits of her
own. "I really didn't need a job," Mr. An-
derson admits; his income and living ex-
penses "run nip and tuck."
A retired storm window salesman inter-
viewed in the Youngstown office of the State
bureau of unemployment compensation ex-
presses a similar lack of fervor about seek-
ing work. He says he spends 41/2 months
every winter as a racetrack betting teller in
Florida, then comes home to Youngstown
and collects jobless pay. "I'm 77?I can't
get work here," he explains.
State employment offices and private agen-
cies cite numerous instances of jobs going
begging either because many persons ostensi-
bly in the labor force don't particularly want
a job or are too selective in what they'll ac-
cept---.as to pay or type of work. State un-
employment officials in New York City report
difficulty in filling such relatively unattrac-
tive and low-paying jobs as shirt-pressers in
dry cleaning shops. And "thousands" of
employable young persons in the Philadel-
phia area are "not only not work-oriented,
but hardly even trying to find work," ac-
cording to Jack Brown, executive director of
Pennsylvania's Bureau of Employment Secu-
rity.
SOME JOBS SNUBBED
Employment agencies say that many per-
sons who once would have filled domestic-
help positions now turn up their noses at be-
ing cooks, cleaning women, or maids, causing
a surplus of such jobs. Servants willing to
live in the homes where they work are espe-
cially hard to find, agencies say.
Part of the problem of heavy Negro unem-
ployment, jobless experts add, is that Negroes
no longer are willing to fill the menial jobs
that they traditionally have held. The civil
rights movement of the last few years has
helped foster a resentment toward such work,
they say, and the low pay of many such jobs
often doesn't offer enough attraction to Ne-
groes who are already getting relief benefits.
Harry King, a 40-year-old Negro who for-
merly drew $1.75 an hour washing windows
of high-rise buildings, lost his job last sum-
mer when the washing concern folded. He's
been taking in $100 a month, often less, by
odd painting jobs. He also gets $41.50 twice
a month on relief. Standing on a street cor-
ner in Pittsburgh's Hill district, a Negro
ghetto, Mr. King makes it clear that he
doesn't want any job that pays under $70 a
week. "What's the sense of my taking a
job for less?" he asks. "By the time I pay
carfare and my rent, I've got nothing left.
Very few people mind working, but they'd
like to get something for it."
There are also a number of jobless persons
Who want work and probably could find it if
they were willing or able to move to get avail-
able jobs. When a major steel company in-
terviewed over 1,200 men laid off when Stude-
baker Corp. closed its South Bend, Ind., plant
in an attempt to 1111 openings for steelwork-
ers at a mill about 50 miles away, only 3
ended up being hired.
"I would have said that everybody we in-
terviewed was suitable?we'd have taken
them, but they didn't take us," comments an
official of the steel company.
Many jobless persons, to be sure, are seri-
ous about wanting work. But, it is also
clear, an important segment of that group
isn't in dire need of jobs and their inclusion
in Government statistics on the unemployed
app rs to saint an unduly gloomy picture.
AN REFUGEE SITUATION
(Mr. HARVEY of Indiana (at the re-
quest of Mr. BROYHILL of North Caro-
lina) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr.
Speaker, on my monthly radio-TV
broadcast, which goes back to my con-
gressional district in Indiana, I had as
my guest yesterday my good friend and
colleague, Congressman PAUL ROGERS of
Florida.
Because of Mr. Room' interest and
understanding of the Cuban refugee sit-
uation and, since he represents a section
of south Florida, it is my feeling that the
Congress and the Nation should be inter-
ested in Congressman ROGERS' observa-
tions.
During our discussion, I am happy to
say, Congressman ROGERS offered many
enlightening observations; however, one
of the most important referred to the
fact that Castro unilaterally initiated the
recent sending of refugees to our shores,
without the consideration or the release
of hostages or political prisoners.
Mr. ROGERS went on to say that it is
Indeed a pitiful sight to see these people
landing on our shores in boats of all
kinds. It was also mentioned that it is
unfortunate the Organization of Amer-
ican States has not been invited to play
a more predominant role in the final
determination of the fate of these people.
As a Congressman from the Midwest
it seems appropriate to remind my col-
leagues that this problem is not a local-
ized problem, affecting only Florida, but
it is a national problem involving
security.
The fact remains that our intelligence
sources were caught completely off guard
by Castro's announcement and the prob-
lem of screening processes?which must
necessarily go on to insure that Castro
is not planting agents in the United
States?is a real difficult one which I
believe the Congress should concern it-
self with. With Cuba now a Communist
satellite in our hemisphere every pre-
caution must be taken to insure the
authenticity of these refugees.
Insofar as the reuniting of families is
concerned, there is no question about the
justifiable humanitarian side of this
problem. We owe the State of Florida
our applause for what she is doing for
these people; however, as it relates to
the Nation, it seems in order to remind
the Nation of the Communist doctrine
as it tries to infiltrate and conquer from
within.
Again, my thanks to Congressman
ROGERS for sharing his valuable time
with me and the people of the 10th Con-
gressional District in Indiana.
PROPOSAL TO MAKE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA PART OF THE STATE
OF MARYLAND
(Mr. BETTS (at the request of Mr.
BROYHILL of North Carolina) was granted
rermisscon to extend his remarks at this
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?dab er 21, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE 26893
would train at the same time for the
,job, not with company X, but with
tiOrnpally Y. Of course, company X should
'not be charged with the cost of the retrain-
ing from Which it derives no economic bene-
fit, 4tne?ver, it would be relatively easy to
Set tip -the mechanism whereby the costs of
refiaining could be borne by the ultimate
rtar. Furthermore, the Federal tax laws in-
hibit, instead of encourage, the mobility and
flexibility of labor which are so vital in
coping with frictional and structural unem-
ployment.
Probably the reality most often overlooked
is that the displaced worker frequently is
not the one best suited to be trained to
take on the newly created job. The obsolete
jobs tend to be considerably inferior to the
jobs newly created by automation. Further-
more, the jobs going begging today are Jobs
which demand skills higher than the na-
tional average of skills. The process of train-
ing for the high skills in demand usually
requires that a person holding down a good
job upgrade his skill in order to prepare for
the new and better job. His old job then
becomes available for someone below him in
the ladder of skills, who will upgrade his
skill in a similar and simultaneous manner
through night school or on-the-job training.
Meeting the changes demanded by automa-
tion requires a massive and constant up-
grading process all along society's ladder of
skills.
A person holding down a job which is
too easy for him does a disservice to himself,
to society, and to the person with less natural
abilities who could be doing the less demand-
ing job. For example, a person with two arms
who preempts a job which a one-armed man
might do and who refuses to undertake an
available job which requires two arms
thwarts the upgrading process which auto-
mation demands.
Finally, I would observe that possibly we
face a problem which has never before been
presented to us quite so clearly. Yet it is
an age-old problem. With the continued
upgrading of skills and with greater em-
phasis upon brain instead of brawn, those
who were born with very limited mental
talents could be phased out of the labor
market. Throughout much of history the
person deficient in brawn tended to be an
economic drone. A similar situation may
now be developing with regard to those en-
dowed with very limited mental capacities.
However, / believe that by a system of proper
job analysis we can find a sufficient number
of economically sound jobs which persons of
limited IQ can perform. Even many of
those we presently institutionalize can per-
form useful tasks during a period of cyber-
nation. After all, a human brain with a
60 IQ is still a much more versatile and
usable thinking apparatus, particularly with
regard to dealing with variables, then the
inost talented computer.
MANY IN UNEMPLOYMENT COUNT
DO NOT COUNT
(Mr. CURTIS (at the request of Mr.
Baovnna. of North Carolina) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, the ad-
ministration places a strong emphasis on
reducing the unemployment rate to an
arbitrarily defined level. This level is
now set at 4 percent of the work force
as measured by our present Bureau of
Labor Statistics-BLS. The administra-
tion seems to forget that our unemploy-
ment statistical series gives us at best a
very crude indication of real unemploy-
ment. Criticism comes from opposite
sides, one side arguing from time to time
that the series underestimates real un-
employment, the other side arguing that
it overestimates real unemployment. My
01/11 judgment is that probably both sides
are correct. When we are in an economic
doWnturn the series tends to underesti-
mate and in periods of economic upturn
it overestimates.
A recent survey conducted by the Wall
Street Journal indicates that the present
estimate of unemployment, 4.4 percent
of the work force in September, is un-
realistically high and that determina-
tion of the real significance of the pres-
ent level of unemployment requires more
than just an awareness of the overall
jobless rate. The survey concluded that
a large segment of the group presently
labeled "unemployed" is made up of per-
sons only temporarily idle while between
jobs or not seeking employment in any
more than a cursory manner. Another
sizable portion includes wives, sons, or
daughters of the family breadwinner.
These unemployed often do not need
work to support their families. Many
others are people who find it difficult to
get work because of old age, lack of train-
ing, education or physical or emotional
capability.
There is a further sign that unem-
ployment may not be as bad as the sta-
tistical sampling leads us to believe.
State employment offices and private
agencies cite numerous instances of jobs
going begging either because many per-
sons ostensibly in the labor force do not
really want a job or are too selective in
what pay or type of work they will se-
lect. What is true, I believe, is that there
is a high incidence of people not work-
ing in our society, not working because
of lack or incentive or lack of skills, not
because of a lack of jobs. Not working
Is not the same as unemployed as de-
fined in our BLS unemployment sta-
tistics.
The proof of this important fact lies in
a statistical series to which too little
attention has been paid; namely, the
"Labor Force Participation Rate." In
1964 that rate was 57.4 percent, the low-
est since 1947. The rate in 1956 was 59.3
percent, and averaged 58.54 percent for
the decade 1951-60. The average for
the first 4 years of this decade 1961-64 is
57.51 percent. If the labor force par-
ticipation rate in 1964 was 59.3 percent
as it was in 1956, and not 57.4 percent,
2,548,717 more, men and women would
halt been in the labor force. Attention
is directed to the following:
Labor force participation rate
Percent
1947
57.4
1943
57. 9
1949
58.0
1950
S8.4
1951
58.9
1952
58. 8
1953
MI 5
1934
58.4
1955
53. 7
1956
59.3
1957
58. 7
1958
58.5
1959
58.3
1980
58.3
1861
58.0
1962
57.4
1963
51.3
1964
57.4
For 1965 the Monthly unadjusted fig-
ures are:
January
55.9
February
56.4
March
56.5
April
56.9
May
57.7
June
50.3
July
59.8
I include this article from the October
13 Wall Street Journal entitled "Who's
Still Jobless?" in the RECORD at this point.
wHo Is STILL JOBLESS?-MANY IN GOVERN-
MENT'S COUNT ARE No UNDER STRAIN To
WORK
(By Albert R. Karr)
YOTJNGSTOWN.-William J. Anderson, 66,
relaxes on a lounge chair on the front porch
of his modest home here and relates how he
retired as a steel plant millwright late in
1963. He looked for a job until his Ohio un-
employment compensation ran out last June
and since then has taken life easy.
"I do not want to be tied down anymore-
I worked since I was 10 years old and that
was long enough," he says.
In nearby Hubbard, Ohio, Mrs. Kay Barita,
52, leaves her chores in her paneled kitchen
long enough to tell a visitor how she worked
for 20 years until she was laid off at a meat
packing factory last fall. For half a year she
drew $42 a week in jobless pay, which came
on top of her husband's take-home pay of
about $125 a week. She tried until recently
to find a new job. Now, she says, "They have
my name. If they need anybody, they can
just call me."
Mr. Anderson and Mrs. Barita are among a
good many people throughout the United
States who recently have been looking for a
job. Also, like an unknown number of oth-
ers, they haven't been particularly eager to
find work, are not in serious need of employ-
ment and are not readily employable.
Significantly, either one conceivably could
have been counted as unemployed in the
U.S. Government's monthly survey of the
Nation's work force and thus contributed to
the sample on which Uncle Sam calculated
the percent of the work force that is jobless.
Any interviewees who say they are not work-
ing and are looking for a job are classed as
unemployed. Yet neither Mr. Anderson nor
Mrs. Barita would seem to fit most people's
notion of the "hard-core unemployed"-
those desperate for jobs who are searching
for any means to keep themselves and their
families clothed and fed.
FIGURES 'UNDER FIRE
How typical are people like Mr. Anderson
and Mrs. Barita among the unemployed?
No one knows for sure, partly because it is
nearly impossible to say whether a particu-
lar person really wants a job and needs it.
But there is a growing amount of criticism
of use of the Government's raw figures on the
total unemployed.
Administration officials were pleased that
the official jobless rate dropped to 4.5 percent
of the work force in mid-July, the lowest since
1957, in the face of a seasonal influx of teen-
agers in the job market, and fell further to
4.4 percent in mid-September. But they still
express concern at even this much unemploy-
ment in a record-shattering economy.
Many of the critics say that the 4.4 per-
cent figure is unrealistically high and is used
wrongly to justify Government measures
aimed at creating jobs. Federal officials,
while admitting their jobless estimate is an
imperfect measure of unemployment, say
that any alternative method might under-
state or overstate the problem even more.
So-called "secondary workers" such as teen-
agers and married women are included in
the listing of' unemployed, the Labor Depart-
ment says, because they account for over
one-fourth of all workers; if they're to be
counted as employed when working, they
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October 21, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr BE'r IS Mr. Speaker, only with
the thought of trying to be helpful, I am
offering a plan for the solution of the
District of Columbia problem. In doing
this, I make the following observations:
First, pure home rule is difficult to re-
solve because of a genuine constitutional
question as well as the inability to solve
the problem of financing;
Second, representation by a nonvoting
delegate is no representation at all;
Third, giving the District two Senators
and representation in the House on the
basis of its population elevates it to the
rank of a State when, as a matter of law
and fact, it is only a city; and
Fourth, it is, however, difficult to deny
any community as large and important
as the District of Columbia the right of
representation in the Federal Congress.
This is more justified than home rule.
After all, representation is basic in our
philosophy of government.
I have therefore introduced a resolu-
tion for a constitutional amendment
providing that, for the purpose of rep-
resentation in Congress, the District
shall be considered a part of the State of
Maryland. This would permit its local
government to remain, as now, under the
legislative control of Congress. But it
would, provide representation. in the
body which controls it. The two Mary-
land Senators would represent both the
State and the District and be elected by
the voters of both the State and the
District. The District of Columbia would
be divided into congressional districts as
if it were a part of Maryland and, for the
purpose of redistricting, Maryland and
the District would be considered together
as if they were one State.
This plan could not be classified as
retrocession because nothing would be
ceded to Maryland. It would leave the
District just as it is, a Federal city under
legislative control of Congress, but, at
the same time givetits residents repre-
sentation in Congress.
Such a proposal does, however, con-
flict with the 23d amendment, which
treats the District as an entity. This
difficulty is best overcome by repeal of
the 23d amendment and inclusion of its
provision in the new proposal. The
resolution reads as follows:
Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of America
In Congress assembled (two-thirds of each
House concurring therein), That the follow-
ing article is proposed as an amendment to
the Constitntion of the United States, which
shall be valid to all intents and purposes as
part of the Constitution only if ratified by
the Congress.
"Aarrici. --
"SEcriox 1, The twenty-third article of
amendment to the Constitution of the United
States is hereby repealed.
2..F1Dr the purposes of representation
In both 1-1011SeS of the Congress and the ap-
pointment of electors of President and Vice
President, the District of Columbia shall be
considered as part of the State of Maryland.
"SEC. 8. Section 2 shall not tae effect
until the transmission by the President to
the Congress of the statement, as provided
in _section 2g ox the Act of June 18, 192q
(2 2a), showing the number of Rep-
resentatives to which each State woufd be
entitled following the next decennial census
of the population after the ratification of
this article."
CONGRESSMAN CLEVELAND COM-
MENTS ON RESULTS OF SECOND
NEW HAMPSHIRE DISTRICT
QUESTIONNAIRE
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this /point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, for
the third successive year, I have sent
questionnaires to my? constituents and
wish to take this opportunity of present-
ing the results to the House. I wish I
could also share with my colleagues the
many interesting and constructive com-
ments which constituelits returned with
their answers but space limitations do
not permit.
The questionnaire was mailed general-
ly to all postal patrons in my district last
June. I believe the replies are an im-
portant indication of how a large group
of thoughtful citizens feel about some of
the current issues facing the Nation.
LUMP LEGISLATION
Because so many of the legislative pro-
posals of the Great Society come to us
packaged in large omnibus bills contain-
ing numerous, distinctly separate pro-
grams under one attractive-sounding
title, it proved difficult to frame questions
that could be answered "yes" or "no."
. There is a growing tendency to legislate
by lump and by label, a tendency I view
with concern. This situation, however,
provides no excuse for not asking the
people how they feel on the issues and,
although I do not always agree with my
constituency?and cerainly all of them
do not always agree with me?I think it
is important to the cause of good gov-
ernment that issues be discussed and
ideas exchanged.
In the following reporting of the re-
sults, I have noted not only the "yes,"
"no" and "not sure" tabulations but also
the figures showing the number of
blanks, which in some instances are sig-
nificant. Question 9(c), for example, ap-
parently was poorly drafted as indicated
by the large number who did not answer
it.
DISTRICT SWITCHES ON FOREIGN AID
Perhaps the most significant informa-
tion provided by the results is the gen-
eral disfavor now accorded by my dis-
trict to the foreign aid program. My
previous polls had not clearly indicated
this. It is obvious that my constituents
now feel that the foreign aid program
should be carefully reevaluated and I
agree.
Before getting to the results, I want to
comment briefly on my own positions on
the questions. Many constituents who
replied asked how I felt on these issues
and I think they are entitled to know.
CLEVELAND ANSWERS QUESTIONNAIRE
I am on record as supporting U.S.
policy generally in Vietnam and the
Dominican Republic, although reserv-
ing, of course, the right' to criticize
these policies when I think they are
26895
wrong. My chief criticism continues to
be that our Government has not made
our intentions to stand by our commit-
ments clear enough. Such failures, in
my, opinion, have always encouraged
miscalculations by aggressors.
I voted again' thisyear to continue the
foreign aid program, although I voted
for the moderate cuts that were made
and voted, also, against continuing aid
to Indonesia and Egypt, and countries
trading with North Vietnam.
AcAncsr REPEAL OF 14(b)
I voted against repeal of section 14(b)
of the Taft-Hartley Labor Act. I sup-
ported the voting rights bill, after first
cosponsoring and voting for the broad-
er, more equitable Republican alterna-
tive, which, among- other things, would
have retained literacy tests where not
clearly discriminatory. Also, I voted for
the clean elections amendment proposed
by Republicans to help insure that bal-
lots are honestly cast and counted.
I have long favored increasing a Con-
gressman's term from 2 to 4 years, but
only if there is added a limit on the
number of terms that a Congressman
can serve consecutively.
GUN CONTROL LEGISLATION
Although I strongly oppose Senator
DODD'S gun control bill (S. 1592) because
it goes too far, I do feel that strengthen-
ing of Federal control over the distribu-
tion of firearms is in order. I will sup-
port legislation that bans the shipment
across State lines of mail-order weapons
to those under 18 and to persons with
felony convictions. I would support
Federal control over the transportation
of concealed firearms, and I would sup-
port legislation to impose increased pen-
alties for crimes involving the misuse of
firearms, and legislation to curb the flood
of foreign firearms that are being
dumped here. In my opinion, the fore-
going objectives can be obtained without
denying ownership of firearms to Amer-
ican citizens of good repute using them
for lawful purposes. Legitimate gun
dealers, hobbyists and sportsmen need
not be penalized nor should any legisla-
tion be permitted to infringe on a citi-
zen's right to keep and bear arms as
guaranteed by the second amendment to
the U.S. Constitution.
NEW DEPARTMENT?FARM SUBSIDIES?
IMMIGRATION
I voted against creating the new Cabi-
net-level Department of Housing and
Urban Affairs, supporting instead the
Republican proposal to create a new of-
fice of Housing in the Executive Office of
the President. This would have done
the job more efficiently, I believe, and
was far more comprehensive. I strongly
favor limiting the dollar amount of sub-
sidies that could be paid to any one farm
or farmer. Evidence from governmental
sources shows that Federal farm subsid-
ies are going to large farm operations
in disproportionate amounts while the
small farmer is not being helped.
I voted for the new immigration law,
the chief purposes of which are to permit
the reuniting of families, the entry of
persons with needed skills, and the abo-
lition of the outmoded national origins
quota systems.
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26896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 21, 1965,
DRAFT-IMPORTS-REFORMS NEEDED
I oppose ending the military draft but
favor a revision of procedures to guar-
antee fairer and more equitable treat-
ment for all young men.
I favor Federal income tax exemptions
or credits far the cost of higher educa-
tion and have introduced legislation to
accomplish this purpose.
I favor quantitative restrictions or
agreed upon quotas to limit imports of
woolen products as promised by the Ad-
ministration for 4 years, and also re-
strictions and quotas for other imports
of a similar nature. Beyond that, I have
long advocated a general reform of the
U.S. tariff schedule so that the rates of
duties will reflect the differing wage rates
in foreign countries shipping goods to us.
New rates should also reflect those cases
where the manufacturing of goods being
shipped to the United States is being sub-
Questionnaire results
sidized by foreign governments. The
purpose of such rates would not be pro-
tectionism in the traditional sense. The
purpose would be to establish more equi-
table conditions of international competi-
tion, orderly marketing, expanded for-
eign trade, and improved standards of
living for all.
I voted against the administration's
rent-subsidy plan.
Yes
No
Not sure
Blank
In general, do you favor-
I. U.S. policy in Vietnam?
4,415
1,556
873
198
2. U.S. policy in the Dominican Republic?
4,699
1, 161
964
218
3. Continuing the foreign aid program?
2,602
3,058
1,003
370
4. Continuing aid to Indonesia and Egypt?
780
4,964
1,045
253
5. Repeal of see. 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act which allows States to pass right-to-work laws?
1,713
4,161
872
296
6. a) Federal legislation to guarantee voting rights?
5,353
1,072
286
331
) Retaining literacy tests where these are not discriminatory and not jueused to prevent Negroes from voting?
5,880
767
235
160
e) A "clean elections" amendment to insure a fair vote count?
6,126
257
418
2411
7. IncreasIng Congressmen's terms from 2 to 4 years?
3,999
2,332
590
121
8. Limiting the number of terms a Congressman can serve?
2,293
4,097
479
183
9. a) Stronger Federal legislation to control sales of guns?
4, 176
2,429
301
136
) Ending mail-order sales of all guns?
3,869
2,717
307
149
c) Limiting ban to concealed weapons, e.g., pistols?
2,827
2,602
975
548
10. A new Cabinet-level Department to deal with public housing and urban affairs?
1,924
3,876
1,096
146
11. A top limit on subsidies paid to any one farmer or farm to spread benefits which now heavily favor big operators?
5,880
495
443
224
12. Changing our present national origins system of immigration to permit entry of persons with needed skills regardless of na-
tional origins?
3,656
2,540
695
151
13. Permitting persons with close relatives in the United States to enter without regard to country of origin?
2,403
5,455
891
203
14. Ending the military draft?
1,282
5,097
405
268
15. Federal tax exemptions or credits for costs of higher education?
5,088
1,336
463
155
16. Quantitative restrictions or agreed-upon quotas to limit imports of woolen products (as promised for the past 4 years)?
4, 496
1,267
1,677
202
17. Restrictions on other imports of a similar nature?
4, 132
1, 489
1, 170
251
18. President Johnson's proposal to subsidize rent for low-income families in lieu of additional public housing?
1, 528
4,339
962
213
FURTHER COMMENT ON CONDI-
TIONS AT THE SALT LAKE CITY,
UTAH, VETERANS' ADMINISTRA-
TION HOSPITAL
(Mr. SAYLOR (at the request of Mr.
BROYHILL of North Carolina) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, Members
will recall that on Tuesday, the 19th,
I made reference in the RECORD and
quoted a number of passages from an
official report of the Veterans' Adminis-
tration concerning conditions at the Vet-
erans' Administration Hospital, Salt
Lake City, Utah. May I emphasize
that the report is an official VA report;
It is not conclusions or findings on my
part.
This morning, I was visited by the
Associate Deputy Administrator, the
Deputy Chief Medical Director, and
an Assistant Chief Medical Director, who
presented me with the following state-
ment on behalf of Dr. McNinch, the Chief
Medical Director, which I ask unanimous
consent to insert as a part of my re-
marks at this point:
STATEMENT BY DR. JOSEPH H. McNINcH, VA's
CHIEF MEDICAL DIRECTOR, ON THE SALT LAKE
CITY VA HOSPITAL
The recent publicity of alleged irregulari-
ties at the Salt Lake City VA Hospital was
based on a report by VA's own InternaL audit
service following an extensive audit of sta-
tion activities. Such audits are conducted
periodically within the VA organization as a
sound management device to assure the ade-
quacy of personnel and programs.
A followup study of the report by our De-
partment of Medicine and Surgery generally
supported the findings of the internal audit
service, and corrective action has been taken.
I am satisfied personally that the hospital
is rendering excellent medical care to sick
and disabled veterans, and that the adminis-
trative laxities that were uncovered have been
ended.
By far the most serious of the allegations
was that resident physicians had refused a
nurse's request to check the condition of a
patient she believed to be seriously ill. The
hospital director confirmed this allegation,
and reported that it involved isolated inci-
dents on just one of the many wards at the
hospital-a geriatric ward. Partly to blame
was a misunderstanding between the psy-
chiatric service and the medical service as
to supervisory responsibility for the geriatric
ward.
The officer-of-the-day physician deter-
mined to be primarily responsible for non-
response to the nurse's request was repri-
manded by the hospital chief of staff the day
immediately following the first incident.
When the same resident physician-who has
since left VA's employ-again failed to re-
spond in a similar situation, the patient was
seen in a matter of minutes by another
physician. Although some irregularities in-
cluded in the audit 'report required further
Investigation and confirmation, I considered
the failure of physicians to respond to call
so serious that, when I received the audit re-
port, I took immediate action to require the
director to take measures to assure there
would be no repetition of such incidents. I
have received assurances that there will be
none.
On October 12, the Administrator of Vet-
erans' Affairs approved disciplinary actions
recommended by me in connection with the
total report on the hospital. These actions,
which are now being carried out, will be
noted In the official records for each of staff
members involved.
Mr. Speaker, I also insert as a part of
my remarks the text of letters presented
to me by officials of the Veterans' Ad-
ministration at their conference previ-
ously referred to:
AUGUST 30, 1965.
HOSPITAL DIRECTOR,
VA Hospital,
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Dear : I have had presented to me the
report of internal audit that was conducted
at your station from May 19 to July 23. This
report has some 210 recommendations.,
These are not yet fully staffed out because
of the brief time that has elapsed since
receipt.
There are three items which do not need
further staff work to announce my positive
position. I want my positive position to be
known to you and I desire that you make
this position crystal clear to every member
of your professional staff.
Item 1: It is set forth in the audit report
(p. VIII-2) that "some service chiefs state
that their primary responsibility is to the
teaching program first, research second, and
the care of the veteran third." Nothing
could be farther from the truth. I have on
many occasions stated in strong language
that the primary mission of DM & S is the
care and treatment of the veteran patient..
It is for the purpose of strengthening our
medical competency to achieve this goal that
we engage in the most worthwhile activities
of research and teaching. It does the VA
medical program irreparable damage to have
members of the professional staff disseminate
such Ill conceived and fallacious views. You
are directed to take immediate steps to see
that these staff members are properly
oriented to the mission of DM & S.
Item 2: I am most distressed to read in
the internal audit report (p. VIII 4-5) about
the difficulties that your station is experienc-
ing in getting proper OD coverage of the
geriatric ward. It is inconceivable that
physicians will refuse to respond to emer-
gency calls from nurses who are caring for
these patients as apparently is occurring at
your station. Has the age of specialization.
advanced (regressed) to that degree that
specialists have relinquished their profes-
sional and moral obligations to the sufferer.
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26673
Let's wait and see * *, * and hope that, in
reasonable time and in spite ofsummer,
there $00,n, will be action for a more beauti-
ful Seattle.
FOCUS
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, an ar-
ticulate and dedicated Harvard-trained
Cuban exile, Dr. N'estor Carbonell, Jr.,
delivered a speech early this year which
escaped the attention of the Nation's
Press. Dr. Carbonell addressed the
Second Annual Conference on Latin
American Affairs at Princeton University
on April 24, 1965. His four-part speech
was entitled, "Cuba in Focus." I rec-
ommend it to the attention of my col-
leagues and readers of the RECORD and
ask that it be printed in the body of the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the speech
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CUBA IN FOCUS
(Address delivered by Dr. Nestor Carbonell,
Jr., at the Second Annual Conference on
Latin American Affairs, Princeton Univer-
sity, on April 24, 1965)
I. warms VERSUS FALLACIES
welcome this opportunity to participate
in this seminar on Cuba, organized under the
auspices of a leading university which pro-
motes the exchange of ideas, the confronta-
tion of opinions, In an atmosphere of free-
dom. and respect for all.
I value very highly the inalienable right to
concur or dissent which we are exercising
here today, for I come from a country where
this right no longer exists. It has been
abolished by a regime which boasts of having
popular support, but does not dare to hold
free elections; which claims to be fulfilling
the economic and aocial 'needs of the people
of Cuba, but has had to ration food, clothing,
and other 'essentials of human life. A regime
Which promised to embrace the doctrine of
humanism, but has resorted to purges, mas-
sive arrests and deportations, and to the fir-
ing squad. A regime which purported to
Convert the barracks of the Batista dictator-
ship into schools, but has transformed the
island into the second military power of this
hemisphere. A regime which announced the
Mass distribution of private estates and
farms among the peasants, but which instead
?reaped large State cooperatives, policed by
the government and opposed by an increas-
ing number of peasants, whose resistance or
lack of iriterest has determined a decline of
more than 45 percent in the levels of agricul-
tural production. A regime which raised the
banner of national independence and self-
determination, but has converted Cuba into
a Soviet colony which threatens the peace
and security of the hemisphere and disrupts
the Alliance for Progress plans of economic
development and social reforms for Latin
'America.
R. 110'w DID IT HAPPEN?
You may still wonder how could this have
happened to the freedom-loving people of
Cubaj, tioW could this Coirimunist takeover
Ils.Ve ? cUrred Only 90 miles off the coasts of
? ited States? Te answer, could' be
'MEDIA 4?/011OWS :
rkt?tiSt4, Afetatorship weakened the
denaocratie institutiians and corrupted and
dernof-Alized'the upper echelons of the army
to the point where it collapsed when the
dictator lied under the pressure exerted by
'national resistance and by the embargo upon
slpments of arms to Cuba decreed by the
v Ment Of the '17nUed StateS,
0 entrenched in the mountains and
portraYek aS an evangelic redeemer by a
,
formidable international propaganda ap-
paratus, took advantage of the political
vacuum which ensued. His promises of free-
dom, honesty in public administration and
economic and social reforms under our 1940
Constitution, were only intended to give him
time to place his men in key posts and to
lay the foundations of the Communist
regime.
When demagogic slogans did not suffice
to calm the people of Cuba, the Castro regime
resorted to class struggle and to the dis-
semination of terror. Thousands of Cubans
from all walks of life were either arrested,
executed, or exiled. In spite of this, inter-
nal resistance, which included sabotage in
the cities and guerrillas in the mountains,
began to undermine the regime. Then came
the Bay of Pigs disaster which allowed Castro
to defeat the invading forces and to capture
many of the underground leaders who had
not been informed of the details of the in-
vasion. Notwithstanding this major defeat,
Internal resistance grew again, and it grew
so powerful, that the Castro regime pierced
the veil of Communist secrecy to secure the
open and massive military aid from the So-
viet bloc.
Even though the captive people of Cuba
have not received the corresponding support
from the Americas, in accordance with the
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assist-
ance, the struggle against Communist do-
mination continues inside Cuba, and the
ramifications of the conspiracy against the
Castro regime have reached the upper strata
of the army and the militia, which at this
very moment are being subjected to another
violent and indiscriminate purge.
III. WHY CUBA?
Why was Cuba chosen by international
communism as its launching pad for subver-
sion and aggression in this hemisphere? A
close look at the map of the Americas will
give us the answer. From a geo-political
standpoint, Cuba lies in the center of what
has been called the American Mediterranean.
Ever since its discovery by Columbus in 1492,
Cuba has been regarded as a key to the new
world.
In connection with the strategic impor-
tance of Cuba and the threat posed by its
progressive fortification and subversive
activities, a noted American strategist, Brig.
Gen. J. D. Hittle, stated the following:
"Cuba stands astride the north-south sea
lanes upon which the wartime survival and
the economic well-being of the Americas de-
pend. It commands the Caribbean and the
Atlantic approaches to the Panama Canal."
"The Russian takeover of Cuba constitutes
the most significant strategic achievement of
world CODUITUDISIII SUICD_ the fall of mainland
China in the Red orbit. What it means is
that Russian communism has leap-frogged
NATO, jumped the Atlantic, Which histori-
cally has been our protecting moat, and
established a bastion in the strategic heart of
the Western Hemisphere." (ColmasssioNAL
RECORD, Appendix*, July 25, 1963, pp. A4697-
A4698.)
The entire hemisphere, especially the Latin
American republics, have suffered the lethal
effects of the Communist takeover of Cuba,
which is used as a training center for Latin
American terrorists, as an arsenal which sup-
plies arms and ammunitions to Communist
guerrillas, primarily in Colombia, Venezuela,
and Guatemala, and as headquarters for So-
viet espionage, propaganda and infiltration
In the Americas.
Today, two and a half years after the Oc-
tober missile crisis, the fortification of the
Island continues under the direction of So-
viet experts. Military installations are still
being constructed or enlarged, some of them
connected with reinforced caves and tunnels,
or with the deep bays of Cuba.
` the Cuban underground has recently' re-
pm-ted the arrival of a great variety of highly
sensitive electronic equipment from the So-
viet Union, supplementing those previously
Installed in Cuba. It is very difficult to de-
termine at this `time the purpose or implica-
tions of this electronic buildup. However, it
is pertinent to recall that the Senate Pre-
paredness Subcommittee of the United States
disclosed not too long ago that "the potential
exists to establish electronic warfare capa-
bilities based on Cuba," and that "potenti-
ally, Cuba is a base from which the Soviets
Could interdict our vital air and sea lanes.
It can now be used for the air, sea, and elec-
tronic surveillance of our military activities
in the Southeast United States and the
Caribbean." (Interim report on the Cuban
military build-up issued by the Senate Pre-
paredness Subcommittee, May 9, 1963.)
IV. WHAT TO DO
Faced with this grave challenge, what can
we do?
The majority of freedom-loving Cubans
do not expect, nor desire to turn back the
clock of history, but rather look to the fu-
ture for opportunities to attain social and
economic progress and political stability un-
der freely elected governments. With this
In our mind and in our heart, we shall con-
tinue to exercise our inherent right to
struggle against oppression.
This right, which is also a solemn obliga-
tion, shall not be relinquished now as it
was not relinquished during the 30-year
struggle against Spanish colonial rule. Re-
sistance against the Cuban Communist re-
gime shall continue through all possible
means, including sabotage, infiltration and
psychological and guerrilla ?warfare; with
full knowledge that the odds are now against
us, but with the firm conviction that the
will of our freedom-loving people shall ulti-
mately prevail.
Our objective is not only to recover our
national independence and our right to self-
determination, but also to prevent a major
world conflagration which would certainly
ensue if international communism is allowed
to endure in Cuba and to make new inroads
upon Latin America.
As we continue this bitter struggle, we
trust that this great country will honor the
1947 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal
Assistance and the 1962 Congressional Joint
Resolution on Cuba, whereby the United
States committed itself to "work with the
Organization of American States and with
freedom-loving Cubans to support the as-
pirations of the Cuban people for self-
determination."
From this powerful and generous country
we expect the recognition of our belligerence
and the aid consistent with its national in-
terests and worldwide commitments.
International communism cannot and will
not separate us. In times of peril and in
times of peace, in times of sorrow and in
times of joy, in times of despair and in
times of hope, we shall remain united. For
Cuba and the United States are indissolubly
linked by geography, history, and the com-
mon ideals of freedom and progress under
God.
WATER SHORTAGES
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, I have ad-
dressed the Senate on several occasions
during this session on the question of
water shortages and the urgent need to
increase our supplies of potable water.
We must redouble our efforts in solving
the problems of pollution. We must
conserve our water through control of
evaporation. We must experiment with
weather modification in order to pro-
vide more Wafer. We must divert from
It
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surplus areas to water deficient areas.
We must desalinize our sea water and
convert our brackish water into fresh,
? pure water. We must work with our
neighbors to bring water from remote
areas of the continent into the dry
areas of this great North American Con-
tinent. Today, I wish to call the atten-
tion of the Senate to recent publications
on water and suggest that they be read
In full.
The first is the October 23 issue of
the Saturday Review which contains a
series of articles under the general head-
ing, "The Crisis in Water." Since the
articles are lengthy, I do not ask that
they be reprinted in the RECORD, but I
highly commend them for reading by my
colleagues. I would hope that all of
them could read the articles in there
by Stewart Udall, Wallace Stegner, Glad-
win Hill, and John Leer, as well as re-
gional reports from various areas of our
country.
The second is an article that appears
in the current issue of the U.S. News &
World Report, and is an interview with
General Cassidy, the Chief of the Army
Engineers. I ask unanimous consent
that the article in the U.S. News & World
Report be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WATER PROBLEM IN UNITED STATES?WHAT
CAN BE DONE ABOUT Ir: INTERVIEW WITH
THE CHIEF OF THE ARMY CORPS OF EN-
GINEERS
(NOTE?Is the United States running out
of water? Will water troubles keep getting
worse? Isn't there anything the country
can do to assure adequate supplies of water,
ready at the tap and free of pollution? What
about floods? Can water problems be solved
by trapping flood waters and then releasing
them later when shortages threaten? These
and related questions are on the minds of
millions as water problems?drought, floods,
pollution?Spread across the country. To
get authoritative answers, U.S. News & World
Report invited Lt. Gen. William F. Cassidy,
Chief of Army Engineers, to its conference
room for this interview with staff members.)
Question. General Cassidy, as population
skyrockets on the east coast, on the west
coast, and in other areas, is there to be a
water problem of major proportions in this
country?
Answer. I would say that there are ma-
jor water problems right now. There are
parts of the United States, most of them in
the West, where the balance between water
supply and demand is now and always has
been precarious. And now In a part of the
country where we have always thought of
water as being abundant we are faced with a
difficult problem.
Question. Do you mean in the East?
Answer. That's right.
Question. Is? the problem in the East one
of water supply or proper utilization, or both?
Answer. Both. The drought has lasted for
4 years. But, basically, there is sufficient
water in the East?both surface water and
ground water. But some of the sources have
become heavily polluted and are no longer
usable. There is pollution by industry, pol-
lution by municipalities, and there is salt-
water pollution.
All these things are going on in the East,
where we see a metropolitan area taking
shape that stretches all the way from. Boston
down to Norfolk. To meet the needs of this
vast strip city in the future, we must spread
out and have a fully planned program of
water development.
At the same time, we can't overlook prob-
lems that are developing all across the
United States. Unless we get busy now, some
parts of the country will face serious short-
ages by 1980, because by then our demand for
water is going to double. And then demand
will almost double again by the year 2000.
Question. What should be done to assure
all parts of the United States enough water
In the future?
Answer. Proper water management is the
key. That means many things: pollution
control and pollution abatement to protect
the quality of water; transfer of water from
one river basin to another; storage of heavy
runoffs so that we prevent floods and, at the
same time, save water for future use. Cer-
tainly the drought in the East illustrates the
need for proper water management.
Question. Is the East going to face more
severe shortages of water in the future than
the West?
Answer. Not if water use and development
is managed properly. There is more water in
the East than there is in the West, so that,
cared for properly?and this very definitely
means conservation and pollution control?
the East can go a long time before it becomes
as short as the West.
Question. Where are the shortages most
serious?
Answer. The areas of most serious short-
age, taking them by basins, are these: the
upper Rio Grande and the Pecos; the south-
ern California area, although the California
water plan will go a long way toward solving
that problem; the upper Missouri area.
These are the areas that will suffer the
earliest shortages, if we think of the way
those areas would like to develop in the
future. Their development may be limited
by water shortages.
Question. When you listed the basins
which face the worst shortages, you didn't
mention the Delaware or the Hudson. Why
pot?
Answer. We were talking about severe
water shortages. That area is not short on
water. It requires development and proper
management. As you get out in the West,
it becomes a question of amount of water
potentially available for development.
WHAT THE EAST CAN DO?
Question. Is the vast metropolitan area
from Boston to Norfolk going to have to shift
to some elaborate water plan such as the
one in California?
Answer. I think they will have to come
to combined systems of water management.
Now we have individual systems of manage-
ment. In northern New Jersey, for instance,
there are many, many water companies. The
problem there, if they're going to continue
to supply the growing area, is for those peo-
ple to get together and acquire and manage
water, so that they can alleviate the short-
ages that might come in years of drought.
Basically, the problem is in the size of the
water-collecting agencies. They don't have
enough water within the area to run through
a period of drought, so they'll have to reach
out for more water and for more storage of
water.
Question. Are there going to have to be
more large dams and reservoirs in the East?
Answer. Yes, there will have to more
storage facilities and more development.
There is a large amount of underground
water in those States which can be tapped
more heavily than it is at present. There
must be a great effort in the Eastern States
toward pollution control. This is one of
their major problems. The water in many
areas is now unusable without very heavy
treatment.
Question. Take New York City. The Hud-
son flows by with plenty of water in it, yet
the city has a water problem. Why?
Answer. Well, that has been mentioned
quite often, but, if we go way back in history,
we find that Henry Hudson was looking for
fresh water as he sailed up the Hudson, but
he found it was salt. The Hudson opposite
New York City has a high salt content from
the ocean. It isn't until you get pretty well
up the Hudson that you begin to get water
fresh enough for use. You see, that river is
tidal all the way to Albany. But the Hudson
will not become a good watersupply stream
until pollution is abated.
Question. Where are new dams and reser-
voirs needed in the East?
Answer. Let's take the Delaware basin as
one where we have a going project:
Now, the Delaware serves a four-State area,
and for many years the States tried to get to-
gether to solve their water problems on the
Delaware.
A study by the Corps of Engineers was
authorized, and took quite a few years to
carry out. In order to prepare the compre-
hensive plan it produced, we not only had to
work with the States and get their full
agreement on what would be done within the
basin, but we had to work with all of the
other Federal agencies concerned with water,
so that we would come out with a truly
comprehensive plan. The plan that has been
worked out for the Delaware basin contem-
plates many headwater developments, and it
contemplates, also, major storage dams down
lower in the valley.
Question. By headwater development, do
you mean dams on tributaries?
Answer. On tributaries, and on some quite
small tributaries. These run into the hun-
dreds, so that there will be the water stor-
age in the upper areas and then major stor-
age down in the lower basin. Tocks Island?
near the Delaware Water Gap?is the largest
one of these reservoirs. The proposed system
of Federal reservoirs will provide a flow of a
billion gallons a day from storage reservoirs
during low-water periods. The total basin
plan will provide almost double this supply.
Question. Would it meet the current emer-
gency?
Answer. It would meet the current needs
if the system were built.
Question. How much is this plan going
to cost, over all?
Answer. The major Federal reservoirs
called for by the plan will cost about a
quarter of a billion dollars. To construct-
all of the reservoirs contemplated by the
comprehensive plan will require expenditures
exceeding a half billion. Additional large
expenditures will be made for nonengineer-
ing activities.
Question. If the drought in the Northeast
continues for another year or two, will that
part of the country face a crisis of disaster
proportions?
Answer. No, there is time to head off dis-
aster. For the immediate future, if the
drought continues, wells can be drilled to
take care of northern New Jersey. Camden
can probably take care of itself by drilling
wells, too. Philadelphia could move its Del-
aware River intake upstream, or other mess-
ures--such as releases of upstream water?
could be taken to hold the salt water wedge
below the present intake at Torresdale.
Question. How about New York City?
Answer. New York City will have to con-
serve its water supply. I believe the city's
best solution to another year of drought is
to begin to correct its water system so as to
conserve all the water possible. I think water
meters would help, too.
For the long range in the Northeast, as
far as the Federal Government is concerned,
we are expediting the Delaware project as
much as we can. Here we're talking on the
order of 1969 and 1970.
Question. Does desalting of water offer an
alternative, or a supplement, to the kind of
projects that you've been describing?
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2630$ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE October 18, 1965
?
high scbool.., in order to finance her tui-
.gon ,:itrictig `renege-in Galesburg, Ill.
,After 'grad:nation from. Knox College, in
1859,_ PIUS Sorinns taught until 1866,
When she joined her brother in Detroit to
*bit fa the Detreit Tribune. The neXt
irio.WWagjo Oleverand 5.n then,
tO,OilifOrriia where shelived 'for the rest
Of her life. -Ili:inks' tOMias Scripps, the
, ,
San ,plego area is genermitly endowed
With university and hospital facilities,
libraries and community centers. All of
this amply illustrates her 'attention to
eriVironinent and education as crucial
COrieeinS .6,`
The; ..PeePle BUSh*Ille, Ill., are in-
debted to. t Tien 'nth:wiling Scripps for a
community .building and a 'Park. Such
gifts are Infinite& greater than the cost
Of Onatthctien. They 'represent an in-
elchaustible inVeStrrient in the well-being
Of the town and of many generations of
its.people. I Can think. of no finer me-
Mortal tO a hoble and generous lady.
TALKING stNtt ABOirr conA
6p6p}
Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, not
too many days ago Cuban Premier Fidel
Castro announced that he would permit
a nuniber Of his countrymen to leave for
the United -States.- It can be assumed
that "Castro afibarentlY counted on using
the pepple. he betraYed as baWns in a
prOtiagarida.kiniie7 .146Wever, on Octo-
ber '3, President Johnson announced the
Vnited States Would offer sanctuary to
the Cubans, in' line 'with Our traditional
humanitarian policies. This entry must
be handled on an orderly basis. I am
Lure 'that Cash:6; 'realizing -the United
'
States 'Will reqUire blear groUnd rules, is
noW'hesitating.,
, .,, Vertainly a;CeritinuatIon.df the Dun-
kirkltyle .evacuation cannot be allowed.
Greater Miami, which has already dem-
Ohstrated its compassion by absorbing
Many thousands of Cuban exiles, under-
standably .does net know what to ex-
pect." et some
rroridians and the Nation
shcipld get some aris*ers and the United
States should spell out its requirements.
The Miami Herald has commented on
. . - ,
the subject with cogency and restraint.
sI ask unanimous Consent that an 'edi-
torial entitled, "Clear. Up the' Refugee
Muddle' be inserted In the body of the
RECORD at this ,,point of my remarks.
' ? There. being nO"- Objection, the article
.. . ,
Waa ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:.
,..,,.. . ...?,- ,
: .ty-Ltr...,As.yr THE REFUGEE MUDDLE
. The- promise of mad Casty() to let his be-
- trayed people go'has given the United States
an =paralleled opportunity.
' iirOperly handled, the bearded dictator's
abject failure will be demonstrated for all
- the world to see' and communism will be
given a setback in this liemiaphera from
which it can never "rebound:
.-Bungled, it will giVe Matti) a sharp propa-
ganda weapioir "to-tighten his control over a
nation whose'edoriblitjt is rotting.
. , , ,
I'De iniSid.vaiietnres "Cit' 6vii 'g-roujii of 'Im-
patient exiles Vilicriiied to reacue friends and
relativa -show how easily the Situation could.
be nuntiect: ' ' - '" ?
,,,One, group ehtiged in ?a.." shoot-out with
duDap, Coastal' guitrds. 'One ? Odle was
woUnded, -,One?luard reportedly killed. 'The
indident gives Castro a made-toorder ex-
_ . ,
cuse to slam the door shut again whenever
this suits his purpose.
Another group embarked in a stolen boat
and while in Cuba was used for anti-Ameri-
can propaganda. The Havana radio quoted
them as complaining about condition in the
United States, which had given them refuge.
These things must not be allowed to con-
tinue.
Ten days after Fidel Castro announced
all Cubans were free to leave the country,
no U.S. official has yet spoken out firmly
and clearly to lay down ground rules for
an orderly movement.
South Florida's huge exile population
doesn't know what to expect. Many, there-
fore, try to make the best deal they can to
get their people out of Cuba. This is an
invitation to disaster.
Greater Miami doesn't know what to ex-
pect?whether we face a chaotic future or
whether the Federal agencies intend to keep
their promise to relocate the incoming tide
and reduce some of the exile burden we al-
ready have.
Some authority must spell this out and
make clear also that U.S. laws and regula-
tions must De observed by exiles and Ameri-
can citizens alike.'
This is no time to appeal to Fidel Castro
to act like a reasonable person. He knows
now his offhand speech was an incredible
mistake for his cause and could depopulate
his country.
His interest is in trying to rectify his
error.
The interest of the United States is to
show that, given the opportunity, the people
of Cuba choose freedom. This would be the
end for Fidel.
He is on the hook and the United States
has the initiative. If we allow the situation
to drift until he can squirm off, the hopes of
the Cuban people will be dashed and thier
eventual freedom postponed again.
Let the proper officials speak up now and
the U.S. position be made unmistakable.
THE EQUAL TIME ABSURDITY
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, an im-
portant question which I hope Congress
can consider next year is whether to
amend or eliminate section 315 of the
Federal Communications Act. I am
pleased that the National Conference on
Broadcasting and Election Campaigns,
held recently in Washington under the
auspices of the Fair Campaign Practices
Committee, Inc., dealt with this issue.
As the author of S. 1287, a bill to amend
section 315 of the Federal Communica-
tions Act, I am keenly interested in the
matter of the equal time on the air for
candidates for public office.
An excellent editorial identifying the
shortcomings of section 315 as it is pres-
ently written appeared in the Philadel-
phia Inquirer of October 8, 1965.
I ask unanimous consent that this edi-
torial be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows.
THE EQUAL TIME ABSURD/TY
Section 315 of the Federal Communica-
tions Act requires broadcasters to give candi-
dates for public office equal time on the air.
This means that a station which wants to
give major candidates an hour of free time
to present their views or engage in debate
must give equal time in comparable time
slots to all the other minority candidates,
In concept, this-regulation appears demo-
cratic and noble enough in purpose. In
practice, it can prove unfair and absurd, as
can be plainly witnessed today during the
mayorality campaign in New York.
There are two major party candidates for
the office: Jokix V. LINDSAY, who holds both
the Republican and Liberal nominations, and
Abraham D. Beame, the Democratic nomi-
nee. Running also are five minority party
candidates. The best known of these is the
Conservatives' William F. Buckley, Jr.
Others are the nominees of the United Tax-
payers' Party, Socialist Workers Party, the
Socialist Labor Party, and even something
called the Losers' Party.
Should the broadcasting stations in New
York plan coverage of the two or three im-
portant candidates, outside of the regular
newscasts exempt from the law, they would
have to clutter up their schedules, and the
air, with equal coverage of all the other can-
didates, no matter how obscure and how re-
mote their chances of election.
Because of the expense involved, the sched-
uling difficulties, and public indifference to
the views of most of the minority candidates,
the stations have naturally gone slow in
extra coverage of the top candidates.
The stations are frustrated, the campaign
loses a sparkle it might otherwise be given,
and the public loses out. The equal-time
provision has become an added incentive to
anonymous characters and political crack-
pots to run Mr office for the sake of per-
sonal publicity. They know that if one can-
didate receives free air time, they, too, must
obtain it.
The practical answer lies in modific ?
of the FCC provision so as to bar a rdities
as well as discrimination. Pennsylvania's
Senator HUGH 8COTT is sponsor of a bill
which would make the equal time regulation
apply only to parties which received 10 per-
cent of the vote in the preceding election.
This would seem to be a reasonable compro-
mise, but the Scott bill lies in the bottom
of the bin in a Senate committee. The
debacle in New York provides a good reason
for resurrecting it.
ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE FOUNDING OF GEORGE
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY LAW
SCHOOL
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President,
October 11, 1965, marked the 100th
anniversary of the founding of the
George Washington University Law
School. Today, as the 15th oldest law
school in the United States, it ranks
sixth in enrollment.
To honor this institution and its dis-
tinguished alumni, many of whom have
served and are currently serving in Con-
gress, our Federal Courts and through-
out the Government and Armed Forces,
a special convocation was held on Tues-
day, October 12, 1965, at which Asso-
ciate Justice William Joseph Brennan,
Jr., of the Supreme Court of the United
States, received the honorary degree of
doctor of laws, and delivered the address
of the evening.
Being an alumnus of the George
Washington University Law School, and
a former member of the Law School fac-
ulty, I wish to make available to my col-
leagues in the Congress and to those who
read the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Justice
Brennan's remarks on this occasion.
I ask that the statement be printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
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WNGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE 26307
hundreds of millions of dollars to carry out
more than a dozen projects in this area.
But in the same densely populated urban
eorapleX, an interstate highway is planned.
It Is sorely needed to break a traffic strangle-
hold Which is delaying economic and social
progress throughout the region. It would
be built with Interstate Highway funds, 90
percent supblied by the Federal Govern-
ment. The highway would pass through or
near a number of urban redevelopment
areas. This causes local officials to insist
that, in order to avoid construction of a
Chinese wall through the communities, the
freeway should be built below existing sur-
face level.
This, the Federal Bureau of Public Roads
refused to do. According to the Bureau, It
wOuld cost the highway trust fund an ad-
ditional 85 million. Arguing the local case
for a depressed freeway, officials pointed to
the obvious evidence of dilapidated residen-
tial and commercial areas alongside an ele-
vated railroad structure which is located
only a half-mile from the site of the pro-
posed freeway. Here, they said was proof
positive that an elevated structure can de-
press property values and help create new
slums.
Only an ingenious financial solution ar-
rived at by State highway officials in cooper-
ation with city officials saved the day and
permitted the freeway to be built at a lower
level.
This is an absurd situation. The Federal
Government, through HHFA, would be pay-
ing out of one pocket for urban redevelop-
ment at 20 times the cost of depressing the
highway through these urban renewal areas.
Clearly, these Federal programs are in con-
Alia. Two Federal pocketbooks are in-
volved, one, the loan and, grant fund of the
Urban Renewal Administration and the other
the highway trust fund of the Bureau of
Public Roads. Because the immediate de-
cision involved highway design, the Bureau
of Public Roads was the tail which wagged
the urban dog.
Clearly, this situation will not be helped
one iota by elevating HHFA to the same
status as the Department of Commerce, in
which the Bureau of Public Roads is housed.
Rather, a referee is needed in this dispute
between urban redevelopment priorities and
highway location and design. A White House
office manned by persons with extensive ex-
perience in State and local problems would
seem to be a more appropriate umpire.
There are other problems, too, in the urban
scheme of things, with regard to the relative
place of highways and rapid transit plans.
Some months back, the White House re-
lea,sed a technical report prepared by a group
of experts which suggested, in part, that
more express buses, operating in reserved
traffic lanes, might be mass transit's answer
to the growing problem of traffic jams that
tend to strangle our metropolitan areas.
Conceivably, the Mass Transportation Act
now on the books, will yield not nearly as
much an increase in rail passenger facilities
as it will a significant increase in express
buses on our highways.
There is clearly no objection to locating
mass transit programs under the Housing
and Home Finance Agency. But a signifi-
cant increase in the number of buses on the
streets would quite obviously affect what
anOther agency of Government is trying to
do to combat air pollution. And this is un-
der the jurisdiction of the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare.
Today, these activities of the Federal Gov-
ernMent are administratively unrelated. Nor
would they be related under the proposal
submitted by the President and approved by
Congress to create a Department of Urban
Affairs and Housing.
Beyond this, duplication and waste would
Inevitably follow if mass transit plans are
centered in the new Department while an-
other Federal agency, the Department of
Commerce, continues to guide, finance, and
control the construction of urban and sub-
urban roads.
We cannot divide responsibility and ex-
pect sound decisions for the most efficient
use of the taxpayers' dollars in meeting over-
all community needs.
Nor will the new Federal Department help
you in your efforts to wage a war on poverty.
For the new Department created In part to
establish a more direct line between Wash-
ington and the cities will do absolutely noth-
ing, per se, to make you partners in the ad-
ministration of local antipoverty programs.
Beyond that, how many of you have seri-
ously considered how you are going to find
your increased share of funds?a 40-percent
increase?required by law if the poverty pro-
gram is to continue beyond August 20, 1966?
The program calls for Federal assistance
for the development, conduct, and adminis-
tration of community action programs up to
90 percent of costs for the 2-year period
ending August 20, 1966, or 50 percent there-
after.
Local governing bodies, to say nothing of
city managers, are generally bypassed by the
direct contact between poverty officials in
Washington and local action groups, but
where will the pressures go for continuation
of the program with 40 percent less Federal
participation?
Why, the pressures are just as liable to
end on the desk of the city managers?and
you know it. You are going to be hounded
by a public acclimated to the program. But
you will be asked to find the money for a
program in which you have participated
not at all.
Now, the purpose of my comments has not
been to detract one iota from the important
role the Federal Government can, and must,
play in solving metropolitan problems;
rather, I hope that I have left with you today
a healthy skepticism regarding the Federal
Government's ability to offer instant solu-
tions to perennial metropolitan problems.
The same administrative hurdles that have
impeded solution of these problems by State
and local officials are merely multiplied by
the current trend of Federal intervention.
Instead of a proliferation of agencies at
the Federal, State, and local levels with
overlapping jurisdictions and built-in self-
interests, can't we begin to talk about inter-
jurisdictional planning agencies that will
benefit from the knowledge, finances, and
energies of all three levels of government as
they seek common solutions to problems that
are indeed the common property of us all
regardless of where we live.
If an Office of Community Development
in the White House could be designed to
accomplish this goal, I feel we would be
taking a real step in the proper direction.
WEARY OF ALL DEMONSTRATIONS
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, for those of us who support
the administration's policy in South
Vietnam, it is heartening to know that
not all the opponents of that policy be-
lieve in public demonstrations or pro-
Communist protests.
The Wheeling, W. Va., News-Register
recently has voiced opposition to the ad-
ministration's policy on South Vietnam
but an editorial which appeared in the
Sunday,' October 17, 1965, edition voices
stronger criticism to protest demonstra-
tions.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial be printed in full in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered printed, as follows:
WEARY OF ALL DEMONSTRATIONS
Regardless, Of one's personal views on
U.S. involvement in the Vietnam war,
there can be no condoning the type of pro-
test demonstrations being staged around the
country.
To tell the truth we are sick and tired of
all demonstrations, marches, riots, and dis-
orders and we believe the majority of Ameri-
cans are weary of the same. By now it
should be clear that even the most sincere
and honest of these protests sooner or later
become the vehicles for infiltration by pro-
Communist agitators, wild-eyed beatniks,
and ordinary law breakers.
On Friday the Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee released a study to support
what it termed the Communist infiltration
and exploitation of the teach-in movement
on U.S. policy in Vietnam.
The report read, "A substantial Communist
infiltration (of the teach-in movement) is
demonstrable, a much more substantial in-
filtration is probable, and there has been a
tragic blurring of the distinction between
the position of those who oppose our involve-
ment in Vietnam on pacifist or idealist or
strategic or other grounds, and those who
oppose our involvement in the war because
they are Communists or pro-Communists."
Simply because a movement of this nature
is sponsored by an institution of higher
learning does not mean that it is free of
Communist taint or exploitation by extrem-
ists and even hoodlums. Many a worth-
while cause has been terribly damaged be-
cause of such infiltration and Americans are
becoming increasingly disgusted with such
mob tactics.
There is nothing wrong with speaking out
in disagreement with Government policies,
but there is no need to resort to mass rallies
in the streets, sit-in demonstrations and dis-
orderly conduct which disturbs the peace
and welfare of the country.
Already we have spawned such shocking
episodes as seeing young Americans tearing
up their draft cards and, rebelling against
military service. Unfortunately, the protest
movements set an example for our younger
people and in a way many of these efforts
directly involve the youth.
What must be remembered is that half of
today's world population is under 18 years
of age. By next year half of the U.S. popu-
lation will be under 25. Youth therefore is
a potentially explosive force, which unless
channeled into productive paths, can lead
in the future to upheaval and rioting for the
mere thrill of rioting. If there is no way
left in our Nation to register a dissenting
opinion, other than through civil disobedi-
ence and mob tactics, then we are in a sad
way indeed.
ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF
ELLEN BROWNING SCRIPPS
Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I
should like my colleagues to note that to-
day is the anniversary of the birth of
Ellen Browning Scripps, one of the most
intelligent and selfless ladies our coun-
try has known. I want to take this occa-
sion to express the pride and gratitude
with which the people of Illinois remem-
ber Miss Scripps, for her belief in the
power and glory of education, a belief
which she supported by inestimable
philanthropies.
Ellen Browning Scripps was born in
London on October 18, 1836. Her family
moved to the United States while she
was still a child, and she spent her girl-
hood in Rushville, Ill. She attended
public schools in Rushville, and taught
school herself after graduation from
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October 14, 1965's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
tically and wait for the poor to help them-
selves. Industrialization, which needs for-
eign aid, creates a new demand for farm
products and helps the farmer progress from
peasant to entrepreneur. Any schemes for
agricultural improvement will create an addi-
tional need for foreign exchange, and will
be strangled at birth unless aid is forth-
coming. But the aid-givers could give a
greater part of their help in ways that stim-
ulate agricultural reform without appearing
to be an undue interference in the recipient's
internal affairs. The FAO in its latest report
suggests that more aid should be given for
general schemes of agricultural development,
rather than for big projects like irrigation
dams.
UNTAD (the 'United Nations Conference
on Trade and Development) may also help
agricultural reform if it can generate a new
breed of international commodity agree-
ments that force primary producers to con-
trol production of surplus commodities.
Were there a genuine prospect of output
limitation by the producers, importing coun-
tries might more easily agree to finance the
support of the international market. The
International coffee agreement has begun to
move hopefully in this direction with the
aid of the World Bank, although the polit-
ical difficulties 61 controlling coffee pro-
duction in a country like Brazil are enor-
mous.
Also in the air are the schemes, mostly
of French or European Common Market ori-
gin, for using planned surpluses of food-
stuffs grown in the rich countries in a pur-
poseful way to aid development in the poor.
The FAO commented that, though the idea
is controversial, a choice does not exist be-
tween avoiding, or deliberately planning for
a surplus, but only between whether a sur-
plus willy-nilly is planned or unplanned.
"Prom that point of view, planned food aid
may be preferable." This at least may be
some consolation for the hungry, but one
must remember they cannot eat words. Only
the rich can.
Castro's Latest
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
otr
HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER
OF NEW rEllstx
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENtATIVES
Thursday, October 14, 1905
Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, the
magnanimous offer by President John-
son to admit refugees from Castro's
regime is in keeping with the spirit of
American concern for oppressed people
everywhere. This action is a concrete
example of our Nation at its best, offering
itself as a haven for those persons who
desire true freedom and relief from
tyranny.
I think that the following editorial
from the Newark (t4 J) Evening News is
a fair representation of the praise and
support elicited from many private citi-
zens and newspapers throughout the
country. I respectfully submit it for the
RECORD;
ASTRO'S LATEST
PMICWA 4.21.1.Ason acted in the interest of
humanitarianism in offering refuge to
Cubans wanting to come to this country.
He could have done no less.
The motive behind Fide Castro's sudden
? decision to open the gates remains unclear.
Whatever it may be, he cannot escape the
obvious admission of failure which the de-
parture of those voluntarily leaving the land
of their birth would represent.
Efforts will be made in Washington to pace
the flow by limiting the number of refugees
to 5,000 a month. If this influx were to
continue, Cubans could account for half
of the 120,000 immigrants from the Western
Hemisphere who would be permitted to enter
the United States under the newly enacted
legislation.
Even though this could impose a barrier to
prospective citizens from friendly hemi-
spheric nations, the desire to maintain the
United States as a haven for the oppressed
should be transcendent. Safeguards must
be employed, however, to prevent Castro from
undertaking a wholesale eviction of unem-
ployables and others burdening the Cuban
economy.
The International Red Cross would be the
ideal intermediary to assure that humani-
tarian considerations prevail. Castro's re-
fusal to deal with the Red Cross or some
equally disinterested third party would be a
sure sign of bad faith and a signal to call
the whole thing off.
A Trip Behind the Iron Curtain
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDNA F. KELLY
OF NEW 'YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, October 14, 1965
Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, as chair-
man of the Subcommittee on Europe of
the House Committee on Foreign Affairs,
I always seek out new information from
those who travel behind the Iron Cur-
tain, in those countries in the Common-
wealth of Russia and those nations
within the scope of the Subcommittee on
Europe.
The article which I insert in the REC-
ORD today is by William J. Farrell, a
college classmate of my late husband at
Columbia College, New York. Mr. Far-
rell was a: stockbroker in iNTew York City
until the stock market crashed in 1928,
whereupon he left for the west coast and
became associated with banking inter-
ests in California. During these years he
served his country in both major en-
counters, World War I and World War
IL Now retired, Bill Farrell is devoting
his time and energies to travel and
writing.
His most recent trip was made to the
Balkan countries. Although an upcom-
ing article on this recent trip is not yet
completed, I have gathered various
pieces of information concerning free-
dom of religion in these Iron Curtain
countries, from correspondence with
him.
The principal, personal contacts he
made were with guides and a few hotel
clerks, most of whom were young boys
and girls?university students on sum-
mer vacations. They were obviously well
schooled in what they were to answer to
questions about religion. They claimed
freedom of religion existed but stated
that religion was practiced mostly by
older people. He was told that young
people were not interested in religion be-
cause they were much too occupied with
other activities and had no need for it.
A5813
He then asked a few of these young
People if church attendance would hinder
their advancement in the party. Most
denied this vigorously. However, he
reached a very few who replied guardedly
that the practice of any religion would
not be of any help to them in advancing
their positions.
Upon visiting two services on a Sunday
in the heart of Bucharest, he found 16
people attending a Roman Catholic Mass
in St. Joseph's Cathedral at noon and
nearby, 20 people attending an Orthodox
service.
Obviously and regrettably, freedom of
religion is a freedom not easily enjoyed
but rather guardedly practiced, if prac-
ticed at all.
Now, in order to share with my col-
leagues, the wealth of observations con-
tained ? in William Farrell's excellent
account of his 1964 trip, I present his ar-
ticle, "A Trip Behind the Iron Curtain":
A TRIP BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN -
(By William Farrell, retired staff member)
JUNE 30, 1964.?The magic date had finally
arrived. This meant retirement and enough
time to make a trip I had been working over
in my mind for almost 2 years.
The nucleus of my plan was to join a group
in Moscow which would continue an addi-
tional 3,000 miles into central Asia. We
would visit such legendary cities as Alma
Ata, Tashkent, Bukhara, Samarkand, and
Dushanbe (called Stalinabad before Stalin's
fall from favor). Literally dozens of inter-
esting sights are to be seen in these cities, all
of which bear the impressive marks of their
antiquity.
Earlier stops on my itinerary?the World's
Fair, a tour of southern Ireland (after a
flight from New York to Dublin), and an-
other tour of the Shakespeare country in
England?were incidental. So were the stops
on the return from central Asia at Copen-
hagen, Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Paris, and up
and down the Rhine. My focal point was the
Russian trip.
Central Asia is truly a storied land. Its
beginnings predate written history. Alex-
ander the Great captured Samarkand in the
4th century B.C., to be followed around the
13th century by Genghis Khan and Tamer-
lane,
Each city I intended to visit was an im-
portant link in the ancient "silk road" ex-
tending from China to southeastern Europe.
The whole area, at present made up of some
half-dozen Soviet republics, lies about 2,500
to 3,000 miles southeast of Moscow, east of
the Caspian Sea (south of Siberia), and di-
rectly north of Afghanistan. When we were
at Alma Ata, during a trip through the
mountains, we were assured that we were
only 35 miles from the border of Red China?
Sinkiang Province, to be exact. The great
barriers of the Hindu Kush Mountains and
the Pamirs lie to the south. Until the ad-
vent of the jet, travelers had described this
as one of the most ina,cessible spots on
earRtrhio'r inquiries, about the area, brought
suggestions that September would be the
most pleasant month as far as weather con-
ditions were concerned and this proved to
be the case. I found that midsummer tem-
perature in Tashkent, Bukhara and Samar-
kand sometimes reach a high of 120? F.
September 1 found me, on schedule, at
London Central Airport as the PA system
droned out the familiar, "Your attention
please?Aeroflot flight No. 032 nonstop to
Moscow, now loading at gate No. 4?all
aboard please." I hope I never lose the thrill
I get when the flight being called is my
flight?and this was something special.
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A5814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX October 14, 1965
Aeroflot is the airline that operates all
nOndillitary flights for Russia, both domes-
tic and foreign. My plane was a TU-104,
called a Tupolev. It flies at 500 to 550 m.p.h.
and is approximately the Russian version of
our 707 or DC-8, seating 70 to 100 persons.
Close examination of the interior revealed
that our planes are more luxuriously furn-
ished, but the noise from the jets did not
seem remarkably greater?at least as I re-
call it.
Three hours and forty-five minutes later
we landed at Moscow airport. There I joined
tour No. 50, made up of 23 other people who
would be my traveling companions for the
next 17 days. Ours was an English-speak-
ing tour. England, Scotland, Canada, United
States, and Italy (a young couple) were
represented. A young Russian girl, about
25 years old, named Nina introduced herself
as our Intourist guide. She would remain
with us to handle all details of our trip until
we returned to Moscow on September 17.
Intourist, by the way, is a government bu-
reau which supervises all travel and hotel
accommodations within Russia. At each
city visited, we were to be joined by a local
_guide to explain sights of interest.
Immigration officials scrutinized our pass-
ports and special visas very carefully; how-
ever, the customs section didn't even ask us
to unlock our luggage. They did require
us to list carefully all foreign currencies and
any gold or silver jewelry. We found that
sb.utterbugs could have themselves a "ball."
Picturetaking was completely unrestricted,
except at airports, railway stations, and mili-
tary installations.
As we drove toward Moscow from the air-
port, we noticed the great number of four-,
six-, and eight-story apartment buildings.
This is a partial answer to one of their most
pressing problems?housing. This same situ-
ation prevailed in all the central Asian cities
visited?new apartments and business build-
ings?everywhere new construction. The
long booms and control cabs of the construc-
tion cranes were silhouetted against the sky,
much as palm trees dot the Los Angeles sky-
line.
The main streets of Moscow are notably
Wide, in most cases accommodating 12 traffic
lanes, with a broad center dividing strip
Which was usually planted with flowers. We
also noticed that these streets were kept
spotlessly clean. Apparently there are no
litterbugs in Moscow. As yet, ordinary traffic
is not heavy enough to tax these facilities,
but passenger buses by the hundreds ply the
streets in all directions.
Our hotel was the Ukraine, built 6 or 7
years ago. With two 12-story wings and a
central tower of 27 stories, it contains 1,100
rooms arid covers an entire city block. The
Russians refer facetiously to its style of
architecture as "post-Stalin." The lobby of
the Ukraine (and this may be said generally
of all the hotels where we stayed) was huge,
plain, dull, and poorly lighted.
In the guest rooms, the plumbing was
strictly antique. I still wonder where they
managed to dig up such a collection of curi-
osities. In some hotels the wash basin would
be in one room or small' compartment, the
shower or tub in another, and the toilet in a
third. I always enjoy a good game of hide
and seek, but not when I'm looking for the
bathroom. However, I admit that all our
rooms were clean and comfortable, if you
forget the plumbing. To sum up on hotels,
they would be about fourth class in this
country. If you are the finicky type, you'd
better stay home. Room service, for in-
stance, doesn't exist.
In each hotel, we were assigned the same
tables for the duration of our stay, and the
same waitresses served us throughout. The
tables were always set with baskets of assort-
ed fruit an.d four or five large bottles of nim-
eral water, orangeade, or fruit juices. Tap
water was not potable. There were no
menus and no tips. Breakfast was a varia-
tion of cereals, eggs, ham, bacon, toast--
the usual. However, one morning I didn't
recognize the first offering on my plate; it
was a smoked sturgeon. I ate it and liked
It, although it was a radical departure from
my ordinary breakfast routine. The follow-
ing morning it started with a plate-filling
slab of cheese surmounted by four generous
slices of salami. Chalk up another radical
departure.
In Moscow we were served generous por-
tions of caviar at dinner three nights. Each
meal also brought a large plate of sliced
white bread and black bread. After one sam-
ple everyone ate the black bread. It was
delicious. It was not quite as heavy as pum-
pernickel and always ovenfresh. Although
lunch was usually built around a hearty,
space-filling soup, the dinner menu was var-
ied. It might be beef, veal, lamb, or other
meats prepared in conventional ways, or per-
haps a shashlik at which the central Asians
excel. Boned roast chicken was also a fre-
quent favorite. In addition to these stand-
bys, various vegetables were served along
with potatoes or rice. Desserts were much
the same as ours, but ice cream always was
our favorite. It was excellent. These back-
ward people haven't yet discovered that ice
cream can be made without cream.
Five days of sightseeing in Moscow pretty
well covered the conventional sights. We
saw the Kremlin?twice from the inside?
and the metro (subway) with its marble
platforms, arches, decorative statues, murals
done in mosaics, and paintings. We also
saw many museums, cathedrals, the univer-
sity, and the Exposition of Soviet Economic
Achievement?a collection of beautiful
buildings, somewhat reminiscent of the New
York World's Fair. Each industry and re-
public has its own building for exhibiting its
products.
On September 6 we left Moscow for Alma
Ata, arriving there 5 hours and 20 minutes
later. When Russia took over the central
Asian cities, they followed a general policy
of preserving the native quarter of the city,
which is composed mostly of mud huts. They
built their own new buildings a short dis-
tance away. So, it is still possible to observe
life, in these ancient quarters, very much as
it has existed for many thousands of years.
Some of the mud huts are gradually being re-
placed by modern construction, but a large
portion will always be preserved for tourist
appeal.
Alma Ata and Dushanbe do not contain any
distinguished landmarks. Tashkent is a
city of over a million population, located in
the center of a large cotton-producing area.
One of the largest cotton mills in the world
is located here. A small percentage of the
people still wear attractive and colorful na-
tive costumes.
We were getting toward the end of our
journey with visits to Bukhara and Samar-
kand, the ancient Marcanda. Bukhara is
known best for the rugs bearing that name.
Actually, the rugs are made elsewhere,
but the principal market is Bukhara. Until
1920, the Emir ruled with a cruel and an
absolute hand. Sometimes criminals were
thrown into the bug pits to be slowly de-
voured. Prominent on the skyline is the
tall and beautifully proportioned Kalyan
Minaret. Condemned men were taken to
the top of this tower, known as the Tower
of Death, and pushed off, falling to their
deaths on the stone flags 130 feet below.
Here we also saw the Timor Tower, Job's
Well, and many other impressive struc-
tures. Our, last stop in Bukhara was a
mosque where we were permitted to enter
during a religious service. The worshippers
prostrated themselves on their prayer rugs,
which they had spread in the open air in
the tree-covered courtyard on the mosque.
Here again the feeling of remoteness from
the world and the vast distances from
"regular" civilization possessed us. When
you get so deep in the far placed. that the
Mohammedans turn southwest to face
Mecca, you know your're more than 45 min-
utes from Broadway.
Samarkand offers a wealth of interesting
places. Among them is the Observatory of
mug-Beg, the astronomer. His records,
compared with present-day findings, show
an amazing accuracy. The Our Emir, or
Tomb of Tamerlane, is located here. Tamer-
lane's sarcophagus is made of a mineral
called nephrite and is said to be the largest
single piece of this material ever known.
For his epitaph, he chose to have inscribed,
"Were / alive today, mankind would trem-
ble." The Shah I Zind is long stairway,
flanked on both sides by a succession of the
beautiful tom,bs of Tamerlane's family.
These are probably the best preserved of the
various grcura.
Registan Fquare is formed by a collec-
tion of mosques and madrasahs or schools.
Its impressive blue and blue-green tile domes
had fallen i'-to disrepair, but one, which had
been expertly restored recently, offers the
hope that the entire group may soon receive
like treatment. Lord Curzon, visiting in
1888, spoke of It as "the noblest public square
in the world," superior even to St. Mark's
Square in Venice.
Dushanbe was the last stop on our tour.
The hotel dining room was "undergoing
repairs," so we ate at a large restaurant
opposite the hotel and across the main
public square. It must be the largest pub-
lic square in all Asia. On our last night in
Dushanbe, Intourist gave up a farewell
dinner, featurirg much caviar and cham-
pagne. The next day a 6-hour, nonstop
trip in an IL-18 returned us to Moscow
and the National Hotel?reputedly the best
in Moscow. At least the National and Metro-
pole, products of the turn of the century, are
highly recommended by old Moscow hands.
I think they are right.
The next morning, September 17, the
group broke up and each member enplaned
for his separate destination. Two of us left
Moscow -early on our SAS flight to Copen-
hagen.
On our departure, as on our arrival, cus-
toms showed no curiosity about our luggage.
However, the same immigration official, who
had scrutinized our travel documents so
closely on arrival, .was again on duty at the
clearance desk to repeat the process in great
detail. When our passports were returned,
we noted that the special visa, which had
been carefully stapled to that document, had
been as carefully removed.
We walked downstairs to the loading level
and were about to start up the plane's gang-
way when a voice at my elbow asked for my
passport. It was our old friend again, but
this time he was accompanied by a pretty
blond girl, who joined in the inspection.
They went through the whole ceremony
again, just as seriously and carefully as he
had done it not much over a minute before.
He finally returned the passport and indi-
cated that I was free to board. Obviously,
no one is going to switch passports in the
brief interval between the desk and the
plane, and get off scot free from behind the
Iron Curtain?not, at least, while "Ivan
Horatius" is guarding the bridge.
Arriving at Copenhagen Airport, we care-
-fully sought out a customs or immigration
officer. There was none to be found. , We
made inquiries. Still no officials. There
was nothing to do but call a cab and go to
the hotel. Needless to say, I felt neglected.
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October 14, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
where sugar has never been grown.
Their lobbyist succeeded in securing a
10,000-ton special quota for Owen-
Illinois.
Arguments that American consumers
would be without sugar if the bill failed
to pass were also without foundation in
fact. Under existing legislation the cur-
rent quotas would continue to apply if
the House had voted down the proposal.
With the defeat of HR. 11135, we could
then have come up with a bill which
would have permitted domestic sugar
" producers to expand their output with
no ties to foreign quotas.
A Significant Vote in the U.N.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, October 14, 1965
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is
necessary for us to consistently remind
the State Department that the greatest
abuses of colonialism today are found
In the Communist colonial practices of
the Soviet Union and Red China. I regret
that Ambassador Goldberg did not use
the opportunity during the recent U.N.
debate on Rhodesia to emphasize that
the only major colonial powers were the
two Communist dictatorships, the
U.S.S.R. and Red China. However,
columnist David Lawrence, writing in
yesterday's Evening Star, directs our
attention to this question, and I insert
his column in the RECORD at this point
as part of my remarks:
A SIGNIVICANT 'VOTE IN THE U.N.
(By David Lawrence)
An event of tremendous significance has
just occurred in the United Nations. By a
vote of 107 to 2, the General Assembly has
called on Britain to refuse to accept a
declaration of independence by Rhodesia,
because the latter's present government will
not grant a majority of the inhabitants self-
rule but will continue to give a white minor-
ity.the preponderant power.
- While there is a widespread feeling that
the black man in Africa should have his
rights, the incident raises the question of
why the same principle shouldn't be applied
to the people of other countries where a
white majority have been and still are being
denied the right to rule themselves.
Thus, for example, the populations of
Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Ru-
mania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia,
and Estonia are overwhelmingly white, but
their independence is impaired by an out-
side power which holds them in subjugation
under "Communist colonialism."
. The fact that the General Assembly of the
United Nations now is insisting on self-
government for different nations throughout
the world which have been ruled by outside
powers is an encouraging sign. The captive
nations in Eastern Europe, however, have
never had the benefit of a United Nations
resolution declaring that they should enjoy
independence and be allowed to develop au-
tonomonsly without interference from other
governments. Certainly the United Nations
has never advocated the use of "all possible
force" to deal with this problem, as it has
just recommended with respect to Rhodesia.
In the case of the satellite countries in
Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union supposedly
gave independence to this bloc of nations
but nevertheless has managed to retain con-
trol through the apparatus of the Commu-
nist Party and often with military forces.
The Russians try to spread the impression
every now and then that these Eastern Eu-
ropean countries are independent and can
make trade arrangements with other parts
of the world. But the fact remains that
they do not really have self-government.
So any pronouncement by the United Na-
tions today with respect to the right of self-
government for the people of Rhodesia, the
majority of whom happen to be black, could
be taken to mean that the world's biggest
international organization may soon express
itself in favor of the principle of self-govern-
ment for white people who have came under
the yoke of the Soviet Union in Eastern
Europe.
It is significant that the United States
voted for the resolution to hold up the grant
of independence to Rhodesia by Britain, and
in a friendly understanding with the British
Foreign Office has undertaken to work in
harmony with the authorities there. Pres-
sure is to be brought to bear on the Rho-
desian whites to prevent them from becom-
ing independent under a government which,
it is argued, wouldn't reflect the will of the
majority of the people. There are nearly 4
million tribesmen, mostly uneducated, and
250,000 whites possessing skills of various
kinds.
The State Department here has indicated
it will participate in economic sanctions
whereby trade would be cut off and aid of
various kinds would be interrupted if the
Rhodesian leaders insist upon separating
themselves from the British and going it
alone.
But, it will be asked, just why shouldn't
Britain and other countries be willing to
apply the same formula to Red China? For
the Peiping regime has undertaken to pre-
vent a majority of the people in South Viet-
nam from maintaining their independence?
The United Nations has, in effect, ap-
proved all measures of economic or military
force that may be necessary to insure the
independence of Rhodesia under a govern-
ment chosen by a majority of its people.
This gives hope that in the future perhaps
the same concern will be felt and similar
measures adopted to insure the right of the
majority of the people of Vietnam to govern
themselves without interference by a minor-
ity aided by Red China or the Soviet Union
or any other country. Some day, too, per-
haps the peoples of Eastern Europe will be
helped by the United Nations to regain the
independence they once enjoyed.
Reporter Everett Allen Cited for Coverage
of Cuban Freedom Movement
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HASTINGS KEITH
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, October 14, 1965
Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, the mount-
ing exodus from Castro's Cuba is a dra-
matic reminder that Cuban men and
women are willing to risk their lives and
give up lifelong homes for exile and un-
certainty to find freedom.
It should remind us too that their sons,
brothers, and husbands have suffered
Imprisonment and death in the fight to
free their island home of Communist
tyranny. The tight continues.
A5819
Sunday night, in. New York City, two
major free Cuban organizations in this
country reaffirmed their determination
to see Cuba returned to the family of
free nations. In so doing, they paid spe-
cial tribute to several American journal-
ists for their help in exposing Castroism
and bringing the story of the free-Cuba
movement to the American people.
I am proud to note that special tribute
was paid a resident of my congressional
district, Everett S. Allen, a staff writer
for the Standard-Times of New Bedford,
Mass., who has written penetrating
articles on the Cuban situation since
1959.
Everett Allen and the newspaper for
which he has written many prize-win-
ning articles, the Standard-Times, very
early saw the menace of Castroism.
Allen characterized Fidel Alegandro Cas-
tro Ruz as a "pistol-toting drunkard,"
and termed ,him a "power-hungry des-
pot." The Standard-Times was one of
the first, if not the first major American
newspaper to explode the Castro myth
and expose him as a dangerous pro-Com-
munist despot. In 1959, when the Amer-
ican Society of Newspaper Editors in-
vited Castro to be their principal speaker
at an annual meeting, the editor of the
Standard-Times urged that the invita-
tion be withdrawn. When it was not, he
refused to attend the meeting and con-
tinued to warn his readers of the true
character of Castro?this at a time when
most other newspapers were writing of
Fidel as a colorful liberator of the Cuban
people.
In 1962, Mr. Allen wrote a major four-
part series on Castro, a series 4 months
in the preparation and one which was
based in large part on exclusive inter-
views and correspondence.
Accepting his award in New York last
Sunday, and a similar tribute in behalf
of former U.S. Ambassador to Cuba
Arthur Gardner, Mr. Allen told the
Cuban patriots they must have patience
in addition to their courage?"patience
deriving from the knowledge that we in
North America who believe Cuban liberty
is of the greatest fundamental import-
ance to all mankind will stand with you
for as long as history requires."
Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD
the account of this award ceremony, as
a reminder to all of us that the passage
of time has done nothing to diminish the
cause of a free Cuba, or to lessen the
danger to the Western Hemisphere from
this Communist camp in the Caribbean:
STANDARD-TIMES WRITER HONORED?CUBA
EXILES VOW To CONTINUE FIGHT
NEW Yorac, October 11.?Several hundred
anti-Castro Cuban exiles, representatives of
two major free-Cuba organizations in the
United States, reaffirmed their determination
to "continue the fight until our beloved
country is free again" at a 3-hour public
rally here yesterday.
A highlight of the event, coinciding with
the start of National Newspaper Week, was
the awarding to nine American daily news-
papers, four Spanish-language publications,
and three U.S. magazines of "diplomas of
honor" for coverage "in defense of the brave
and valiant men and women who struggle
to free Cuba from the tyranny of Commu-
nism and to reincorporate our republic in,
the family of free nations of the American
Continent," ?
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A5820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?APPENDIX
In addition to Everett S. Allen, staff writer
of the New Bedford, Mass., Standard-Times,
who was cited, other publications represented
by the awards included the New York Daily
Nag's, New York Herald Tribune, New York
World Telegram-Sun, Miami Herald, News-
day, the Miami Daily News, Washington Star,
Reader's Digest, Time, and Life.
Other individuals accepting the awards
included Marguerite Higgins, whose column
appears on the Standard-Times editorial
page, and Ben L Meyer, Washington bureau
chief Of the Associated Press.
In accepting his award, Mr. Allen, also rep-
resenting former U.S. Ambassador to Cuba,
Arthur Gardner of Washington, who was
unable to attend, assured the audience, "You
have the courage; you must have the pa-
tience required, patience deriving from the
knowledge that we in North America who be-
lieve Cuban liberty is of the greatest funda-
mental importance to all mankind will stand
with you for as long as history requires."
The sponsoring organizations, Free Cuba
Patriotic Movement and the Christian Demo-
crat Movement of Cuba, concluded the affair
by calling on the United States to charter
a vessel to be named "Freedom Ship, to bring
over from the Red inferno that is Cuba to-
day, those seeking freedom, to be reunited
(in the 'United States) with their families."
Senate-House Conference on the Public
Works Appropriation Bill Fails To In
chide $300,000 for Fremont Dam of
the Lower Teton Project
=TENSION OF RENIARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE HANSEN
or /DAM)
TFIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, October 14, 1965
Mr HA.NSEN of Idaho. Mr. Speaker,
Idaho has fared well in the public works
appropriation bill for 1966 as agreed to in
conference between the House and Sen-
ate, and which passed the House today.
Included was $11,844,000 for five impor-
tant projects in my State, four of which
are in the Second Congressional District.
These Projects, and the amounts appro-
priated for them,. are: Dworshak?
Bruces Eddy?Reservoir, $11 million;
Portneuf River and Marsh Creek,
$400,000; Ririe Reservoir, $300,000;
Heise-Roberts extension, $100,000; and
Blackfoot Reservoir, $44,000. Funds for
the -Bilge and Blackfoot Reservoirs are
for planning, while the rest are for con-
Struction.
However, Mr. Speaker, I must say I
was naturally disappointed that the
Senate-House conference on the public
Works appropriation bill, in its wisdom,
did not Include the $300,000 provided in
the Senate version of the bill for the
Frerriorit Dam of the lower Teton proj-
ect. It Is a good project, and one I believe
to be of vital necessity to the residents
of the area.
1Vir Speaker I am sure Members of the
,
House are aware of the great rampart of
Motintains?sometimes called the Amer-
ican Alps?which lie south of Yellowstone
National Park, and along the Idaho-
Wyoming border. These towering peaks
Of glacier-filled crevices, and of breath-
taking"beauty, are called the Tetons and
form a major part of Teton National
Park.
It was in the shadow of the rising sun
under this majestic vertebrae of Mother
Earth that I was born and reared.
Flowing out of these high places are
crystal clear but swift and turbulent
streams. Coursing through deep
canyons the waters from the fast-melting
snow in the spring emerge and flow out
upon the broad, flat valleys below,
inundating everything in their path.
Later in the year, as the heat of summer
reaches its peak, the snowpack recedes
to a point where little melting occurs, and
the streams slow to a trickle. Thirsty
crops are too frequently left to wither in
a land of little rain. These conditions
have worsened as times have changed
and as the area has become more highly
developed.
Lands that can provide abundant yield
year after year remain irregular and
unpredictable and economic conditions
have worsened for some 30 years.
The proposed Teton Dam is primarily
and initially designed to provide supple-
mentary water and to control spring
flooding.
In House Report No. 1715, 88th Con-
gress, 2d session, accompanying H.R.
2337, a bill to authorize this dam we
find:
This is a multipurpose development
designed to make maximum use of the avail-
able water resources in the area. The con-
struction and operation of this proposed
project would provide irrigation service to
151,400 acres of irrigable land. About
114,400 acres are in a highly successful irri-
gated agricultural area and would receive
a supplemental water supply. The other
37,000 acres which are presently dryland
farmed would receive a full water supply.
The project would also provide substantial
flood protection to a highly developed area
in the Upper Snake River Basin, which has
suffered severe damage from floods in recent
years; make available about 75 million
kilowatt-hours of electric energy annually
for project pumping and for disposal
through the Federal Columbia River power
system; and, in addition, would provide new
recreational opportunities in the area.
For the past 30 years, water users as well
as businessmen in the Fremont-Madison Ir-
rigation District, an area which is subject
to both drought and floods, have been urg-
ing the construction of a dam and reser-
voir on the Teton River, At the present
time, there are only two small reservoirs for
water storage in the area, and the water
which is impounded is subject to prior
downstream rights. The canals which serve
the Fremont-Madison Irrigation District
lose their natural flow early in the irriga-
tion season resulting in late season water
shortages. A supplemental water supply for
the existing irrigated land in the district is
the greatest need in the area. This area is
completely dependent upon agriculture, and
the frequent crop losses due to drought
conditions have a serious adverse impact
which is felt not only by the local economy
but throughout the entire State.
The new land which would be brought
into irrigated production would be a great
asset to this area, strengthening and firm-
ing up the economy and providing for di-
versified crops on lands presently devoted
to dryland grains.
This same area, for which Arm water sup-
ply is so badly needed, is also subject to
serious flooding. Floods and drought con-
ditions in the same year are not uncommon.
The spring floods in many years cause in-
undation of farmlands, homes, and areas of
October 14, 1965'
improvements, as well as threaten the life
and health of humans and livestock. Sub-
stantial economic losses have occurred. The
seriousness of an alternate drought and
-flood cycle was vividly illustrated in 1961
and 1982. During the summer of 1961, Fre-
mont and Madison Counties were declared
a drought emergency area. In February
1962 extremely high runoff caused record
floods in Henry's Fork and Teton River val-
leys and the Snake River plain. Thus,
within 6 months, the same area was de-
clared a drought area and a flood disaster
area, Destructive floods occurred in the
area just a few weeks before the committee
held hearings on this legislation in June.
The committee was impressed with the ex-
tent of damage indicated by photographs
furnished during the hearings. A large per-
centage of the ftoodflows that have been so
damaging are contributed by the Teton
River, and storage space in the proposed
Fremont Reeervoir would provide substan-
tial protecVon against future floods.
Electric energy that would be made avail-
able would be an additional valuable asset
that is needed to meet the ever-expanding
power requirements.
At the prePc?t time, recreation facilities in
the area are taxed to the limit. The recrea-
tional opportunities that would be made
available by construction of this project in
the form of boating, camping, fishing, etc.,
would help meet the increased demand.
Mr. Speaker, support of this project
- has been completely bipartisan. The
first bill on it was introduced by the late
Senator Henry Dworshak in the 87th
Congress. It was later reintroduced and
cosponsored by Senators FRANK CHURCH --
and LEN B. JORDAN in the 88th Congress
on the Senate side, and by my predeces-
sor, Representative Ralph Harding, on-
the House side. It currently has the,
wholehearted support of the entire Idaho
congressional delegation.
Twice the Idaho State Legislature has -
memorialized the Congress in its sup-
port. Following is the text of Senate
Joint Memorial No. 5, Idaho State Leg-
islature, 38th session, in such support;
SENATE JOINT MEMORIAL No. 5
Joint memorial to the Honorable Senate
and House of Representatives of the United
States in Congress assembled, and the Hon-
orable-President of the United States
We, your memorialists, the members of the
Senate and House of Representatives of the
Legislature of the State of Idaho, assembled
in the 38th session thereof, do respectfully
represent that:
Whereas the 88th Congress of the United
States of America, by an, act approved Sep-
tember 7, 1964, entitled Teton Basin Recla-
mation Project, Idaho, and known as Public
Law 88-583, 78 Stat. 925, authorized to be
appropriated for the construction of the Fre-
mont Dam and other facilities of the lower
division of the Teton Basin Federal recla-
mation project the sum of $52 million plus
or minus justifiable amounts for ordinary
fluctuations in construction costs and for
operation and maintenance costs: and - .
Whereas said project received the over-
whelming support of Congress and all--per-
sons in the affected areas, of both political
faiths, as being necessary and within the
public interest to arrest the flooding waters
of the Teton River and its tributaries by the
construction of a dam and reservoir to use
the impounded water, most of which in high
runoff per4ods in the past has gone rushing
down through the lower valleys eroding val-
uable farmlands and damaging and destroy-
ing homes and other properties; for the irri-
gation of arid and semiarid lands, the devel-
opment of river power opportunities, the
providing for recreation facilities, and the
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August 16, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
selves generously to the National Red
Cross.
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield
myself 1 minute.
As I stated earlier, we are not getting
a precedent by a governmental contribu-
tion to the International Committee of
the Red Cross, because some 59 govern-
ments do now contribute. Admittedly,
this is the first time the United States
would make a voluntary contribution as
a Government to that society.
The National Red Cross societies
themselves do,make individual contribu-
tions from their awn societies. So far
as I know, that would likewise continue.
With respect to the necessity, this is,
of course, a matter of opinion. I respect
those who have different opinions.
As pointed out in the hearings on pages
8 and 9 and as pointed out in the report,
the request for funds to help with budg-
etary problems did come from the inter-
national committee in 1963 and was fol-
lowed up by specific requests to all gov-
ernments to increase contributions,
Including the U.S. Government. This is
the reason why this was initiated by our
own Department of State.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
YATES). The question is on the motion
of the gentleman from Florida that the
House suspend the rules and pass the bill
H.R. 8715.
The question was taken; and (two-
thirds having voted in favor thereof) the
rules were suspended and the bill was
passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
frviy
AMEND _TULE ?RELATING TO
CLAIMS AGA,INST CUBA
Mr. FASCEJ4L. Mr. Speaker, I move
to suspend the rules and pass the bill
(H.R. 9336) to Amend title V of the In-
ternational Claims Settlement Act of
1949 relating to certain claims against
the Government of Cuba.
The Clerk read as follows:
Jill. 9306
Be it enactql by the House and Senate
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, Thar section
501 of the International Claims Settlement
Act of 1949 (22 U.S.C. 1643) is amended by
striking out "which have arisen out of debts
for merchandise furnished or services ren-
dered by nationals of the United States with-
out regard to the date on which such mer-
chandise was furnished or services were ren-
dered or". -
SEC. 2. Section 503(a) of such Act (22
1643b(a) ) is amended by striking out
"arising out of debts for merchandise fur-
nished or services rendered by nationals of
the United States WW/Ceut regard to the date
on Which such merchandise Was furnished or
services were rendered or".
SEC. 3. Section ,506 of such Act (22 U.S.C.
1643e) is amended by striking out ": Pro-
vided, That the deduction of such amounts
shall not be construed es divesting the United
States of any rights _against the Government
of Cuba for the,appliats so, 4OC11,1Qted",
Sc 4, Section 50(0 OT Such Act (2'2
U.S.C. 16441) is amended by striking out
together with a 'statement of the evidence
relied upon and the reasoning employed in
reaching its decision".
SEC. 5. Section 611 of such Act (22 U.S.0
1643j) is. amended to read as follows:
"APPROPRIATIONS
"SEC. 511. There are hereby authorized to
be appropriated such sums, not to exceed
$750,000, as may be necessary to enable the
Commission to pay its administrative ex-
penses incurred in carrying out its functions
under this title."
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
YATES). Is a second demanded?
Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I de-
mand a second.
The-SPEAKER pro tempore. Without
objection a second will be considered as
ordered.
There was no objection.
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield
myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R.
9336 which is to amend title V of the
International Claims Settlement Act of
1949 relating to certain claims against
the Government of Cuba.
In the last session of Congress a simi-
lar bill was passed by this same body
authorizing the adjudication of claims
by U.S. citizens against the Castro goy-
'ernment. In the closing days of last
year's session, the other body voted out
a bill which differed from the House
version. On the last day of the session
and for no other purpose in mind other
than to have Cuban claims on our statute
books, we reludantly accepted the Sen-
ate version.
H.R. 9336 is similar to the bill passed
last year. An authorization for an ap-
propriation for adjudication expenses is
limited to $750,000, and is the same as
provided by the House version last year.
When a settlement with a free and inde-
pendent Government of Cuba is agreed
upon and paid, the United States will be
reimbursed for the administrative ex-
penses in the adjudication of these
claims.
The enactment of this legislation is not
to be construed as any intention to au-
thorize an appropriation now or in the
future of Federal funds for the purpose
of paying the claims of U.S. nationals
against the Government of Cuba. This
bill provides only for the receipt and
determination by the Foreign Claims
Settlement Commission of the amount
and validity of claims of U.S. nationals
against the Government of Cuba.
The other amendments referred to in
this bill are substantive and relate to the
principles of international law and do-
mestic laws; such as, statute of limita-
tions, and laches.
More than 5 years have -passed since
the Castro government began confiscat-
ing the property of U.S. nationals and
prompt adjudication of claims would be
in the best interests of all concerned.
H.R. 9336 provides the necessary au-
thority to set the machinery in motion
for an orderly determination of the
amount and validity of claims of U.S. na-
tionals against the Government of Cuba
while the means of documenting and
supporting such claims are still available.
Adjudication of such claims have been
delayed because of a lack of an appro-
priation. If this matter is further de-
layed, witnesses and claimants may die
and records may be lost, thus making
It Increasingly difficult to substantiate
claims. Moreover, the prompt receipt
19705
and determination of amounts and valid-
ity of the claims will provide the De-
partment of State with an accurate rec-
ord for use in any future negotiations.
For these reasons, I urgently recom-
mend that H.R. 9336 be passed by the
House.
Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield
1 minute to the gentleman from Iowa
[Mr. Gsossl.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I desire to
commend the gentleman from Florida
[Mr. FASCELL] for this bill. I served on
the subcommittee which considered this
legislation. I think it is good legislation
and ought to be passed.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. There
being no further requests for time, the
question is on the motion of the gentle-
man from Florida that the House sus-
pend the rules and pass the bill H.R.
9336.
The question was taken; and (two-
thirds having voted in favor thereof) the
rules were suspended and the bill was
passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table,
GORGAS MEMORIAL LABORATORY
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I move to
suspend the rules and pass the bill (S.
511) , with amendment to increase the
authorization of appropriations for the
support of the Gorgas Memorial Labora-
tory.
The Clerk read US follows:
S. 511
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That, effec-
tive for fiscal years ending after June 30,
1963, the first section of the Act entitled "An
Act to authorize a permanent annual appro-
priation for the maintenance and operation
of the Gorges Memorial Laboratory", ap-
proved May 7, 1928, as amended (45 Stat. 491;
22 U.S.C. 278), is amended by striking out
"$250,000" and inserting in lieu thereof "not
to exceed $500,000".
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is a sec-
ond demanded?
Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I de-
mand a second.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. With-
out objection, a second will be considered
as ordered.
There was no objection.
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, S. 511
would increase the annual authorization
for appropriations for the Gorgas Me-
morial Laboratory from $250,000 to $500,-
000.
The laboratory was established in 1929
through legislative agreement between
the Governments of the United States
and the Republic of Panama. Since that
time the Gorgas Laboratory has been
performing a valuable, needed service in
research in tropical diseases. Its re-
search activities also have implications
which extend beyond the tropics. Many
of the human and animal diseases that
flourish in tropical regions are also found
in, or may spread to, the temperate
zones.
The laboratory collaborates with many
other research and public health orga-
nizations, including the Middle America
Research Unit, a laboratory in the Canal
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19706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE August 16, 1965
Zone operated by the National Institute
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in col-
laboration with the Water Reed Army
In,stitute of Research.
The Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, lo-
cated in Panama City, Republic of Pan-
ama, is the operating research establish-
ment of the Gorgas Memorial Institute,
a private, domestic, nonstock corpora-
tion. U.S. contributions to the labora-
tory started in 1929 with an annual per-
manent authorization of $50,000. The
authorization for the laboratory was in-
creased to $150,000 in 1949, and $250,000
In 1959. In 1960, the Congress author-
ized $500,000 for the construction of new
facilities at the laboratory, making it
one of the best equipped of its kind in
Latin America. The additional author-
ization provided for in this bill will make
it possible to fully utilize these new facil-
ities.
The Gorgas Memorial Laboratory has
an international reputation and a long
standing record of service in the western
hemisphere. The Republic of Panama
has cooperated closely with the labora-
tory in the achievement of its objec-
tives. The management of the institute
has administered the funds made avail-
able with prudence and care. The
Board of Directors meets annually with-
out compensation and determines poli-
cies of the institute. An advisory group
of noted scientists assists in developing
the research program. There are 26
members of this group, primarily doc-
tors, and 23 of them represent U.S.
institutions.
Accordingly, Mr. Speaker, I urge that
the House act favorably on this measure
to permit the Gorgas Memorial Labora-
tory to carry on its important work.
Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield
myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, it is a great pleasure for
me to have the honor of presenting this
bill. The Gorgas Laboratory has been
doing for many years an outstanding job.
It has been a remarkable demonstration
of what willing, dedicated people can
do to blot out diseases, particularly trop-
ical diseases, such as are found there.
General Gorgas himself was a most
amazing man; kindly to a degree and
his heart as big as the world. It seemed
very fitting when the Laboratory was es-
tablished that it should take the form
that it did. It is a very great pleasure
to me to approve the bill.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentlewoman yield?
Mrs. BOLTON. lam glad to yield to
the gentleman.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I should like
to commend the committee, and in par-
ticular the subcommittee, for bringing
out this bill upgrading the Gorgas Me-
morial Laboratory. As has been well
said here by the gentleman from Ala-
bama [Mr. SELDEN] and the gentle-
woman from Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON] this
memorial laboratory is an outgrowth of
the successful attempt of this country
to build the Panama Canal. It is from
stroll sources, and the discovery of "yel-
low-jack" and the vector for controlling
malaria, that the Memorial Laboratory
was organized on a gradually evolving
and cooperative basis between Panama
and this Government, our Army Sur-
geons General and the great men of
preventive medicine such as Gorgas him-
self, Cummings, Reed, Rickets, Leonard
Wood, who was memorialized yesterday
at Fort Leonard Wood, having an Army
hospital named after him, in which I
was privileged to participate, and others.
Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, it is note-
worthy that all of the memorabilia that
were in Cuba which was liberated as a
result primarily of some of these early
preventive medicines discoveries in the
so-called Spanish-American War, had
been destroyed by burning in the streets
of Cuba, after the Castro takeover.
Mr. Speaker, I know personally of the
research that has evolved from the Labo-
ratory and of the great men of science
who have functioned and studied and
researched and developed good for hu-
manity therein.
Mr. Speaker, I strongly support this
bill for one other reason, if the gentle-
woman from Ohio will yield further, and
that is as stated, it cooperates with the
Pan American Health Organization
which is a subdivision of the World
Health Organization in needed matters
that do cross international boundaries.
But this is uniquely American and West-
ern Hemispheric organization and labo-
ratory.
Mr. Speaker, lest we become too
deeply involved in one organization of a
strictly "international character" taking
over all research and functions, espe-
cially under its aegis, in situations par-
ticularly unique to the Western Hemi-
sphere, Latin America, and our Cen-
tral American friends in particular, I
strongly urge the support of this bill.
(Mr. HALL asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mrs. BOLTON. I thank the gentle-
man from Missouri very much for his
contribution.
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3
minutes to the distinguished gentleman
from Florida [Mr. FAscEml.
(Mr. FASCELL asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, in sup-
port of the request for the additional au-
thorization for the Gorgas Memorial
Laboratory, I wish to point out that the
great work performed by the laboratory
directly contributes to the health of U.S.
citizens.
As an example, one project currently
being worked on deals with migratory
birds since there is evidence that viruses
such as St. Louis encephalitis and Vene-
tuelan equine encephalitis are transmit-
ted to the United States by these migra-
tory birds. When World War II broke
out, and the United States lost its source
of quinine and troops in southeast Asia
were riddled with malaria, it was the
work done by the first director of the lab-
oratory, Dr. Herbert Clark, that permit-
ted the U.S. Army to prescribe Atabrine
safely and in sufficient dosage to control
the situation in southeast Asia. I pray
to God that no similar problems will arise
In South Vietnam, but we must be pre-
pared.
There is no duplication between the
work of the laboratory and other agen-
cies. It works closely with the Pan
American Health Organization and the
National Institute of Allergy and Infec-
tious Diseases. The Gorgas Memorial
Institute which runs the laboratory also
works closely with private institutions;
one such program is a graduate research
program with Louisiana State University
where teachers and graduate students
are sent to the laboratory in Panama for
short-term periods to pursue work in
tropical medicine. Similarly, the insti-
tute has close relationships with other
American universities?Stanford, Har-
vard, and Kansas, to name a few. This
aspect of the program will be expanded.
The General Accounting Office an-
nually reviews the expenditures of the
institute and the laboratory, and the
Comptroller General's report has been a
part of the laboratory's annual report for
many years. The GAO has never criti-
cized any expenditure made by this
worthy enterprise.
Mr. Speaker, I recommend favorable
consideration of this bill to increase the
authorization of appropriations for the
support of the Gorgas Memorial Lab-
oratory.
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I have no
further requests for time.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the motion of the gentleman from Ala-
bama that the House suspend the rules
and pass the bill S. 511, with an amend-
ment.
The question was taken; and (two-
thirds having voted in favor thereof)
the rules were suspended and the bill as
amended was passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
FEDERAL BOXING COMMISSION
Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I move to
suspend the rules and pass the bill (H.R.
8635) to establish and prescribe the
duties of a Federal Boxing Commission
for the purpose of insuring that the
channels of interstate commerce are free
from false or fraudulent descriptions
or depictions of professional boxing
contests.
The Clerk read as follows:
MIL 8635
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives Of the United States of
America in Congress assembled,
SNORT TITLE
Szcnox 1. This Act may be cited as the
"Federal Boxing Control Act".
FINDINGS AND POLICY
SEC. 2. (a) The Congress hereby finds
that?
(1) interstate and foreign communications
facilities are being utilized to cover profes-
sional boxing matches by broadcasting such
matches by television or radio or by dis-
seminating such matches by wire to be re-
ceived on home receivers or in theaters,
arenas, or other places of assembly; and
(2) at present, neither State nor Federal
governmental authorities have adequate
power to assure the proper utilization of such
communication facilities in connection with
the coverage of professional boxing matches
and to protect the integrity of professionaL
boxing matches thus covered.
(b) It is, therefore, the purpose of this Act
to establish a Federal Boxing Commission
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A4642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX August 18, 1965
quirements providing control over intrastate
traffic in these drugs, and making posses-
sion of stimulants and depressants except
under specified conditions illegal. As is al-
ways the case, if a particular State law or
regulation places more stringent controls
over these drugs, those requirements must
be complied with.
DRUGS COVERED
Barbiturates and amphetamines are spe-
cifically named in the law. However, the
law speaks in terms of "depressant or stim-
ulant drugs" which also includes any drug
which contains any quantity of a substance
which Is found to have a potential for abuse
because of its depressant or stimulant effect
on the central nervous system or its hallu-
cinogenic effect. Thus, the Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare can bring
additional drugs under the controls of the
law by regulation. He may also exempt
drugs which would otherwise be included
within the literal language of the law when
the controls are riot necessary for the pro-
tection of public health. HEW *Under Sec-
retary Wilbur Cohen revealed that the De-
partment has been reviewing additional
drugs with a view to having necessary regu-
lations promulgated by the date the bill
takes effect?February 1, 1966.
FEDERA,L REGISTRATION
Manufacturers, compounders, and process-
ors and other firms already registered under
the Drug Amendments of 1962 are required
to indicate whether they are producing or
distributing stiniulant and depressant drugs
in their registration statement. The act
does add wholesalers, jobbers, and distrib-
utors of stimulant and depressant drugs only
to the list of firms 'which must register.
Wholesalers anti jobbers were exempted from
the registration under the drug amendments
of 1962.
Wholesaling, jobbing, or distributing is de-
fined as selling any depressant or stimulant
drug "to any person who is not the ultimate
user or consumer." The report of the House
Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com-
mend pointed out that pharmacies main-
tained in conformance with applicable State
laws are exempted from the registration
requirement.
Presumably, pharmacists who occasion-
ally furnish a medical practitioner with
Office supplies or a fellow pharmacist with
supplies to replenish his stock pending re-
ceipt of an order from a manufacturer or a
wholesaler would not have to register; how-
ever, a pharmacist regularly engaged in
wholesaling ofiThe supplies to physicians or
dispensing stocks to other pharmacists
would be reqUired to register.
Since it Is clear that the law contemplates
a complete and accurate record, the pharma-
cist must indicate the name and address of
the pharmacist or physician to whom he de-
livered the supply, the kind and quantity of
the drugs involved. The pharmacist (or the
physician if he otherwise must keep records
under the law) receiving the drugs must also
make a record showing the name of the phar-
macist from whom received, the kind and
quantity of drugs involved, and the date.
No registration number is required, because
the law speaks of "the registration number,
If any, * * *" and pharmacies are not re-
quired to register with the HEW Secretary.
RECORDS ,
The Senate Committee on Labor and-Pub-
lic Welfare report-notes the intention to "es-
tablish controls upon the distribution of
depressant and stimulant drugs throughout
the chain of distribution, from ;the basic
manufacturer to * * * the ultimate con-
sumer." Each person handling stimulant
and depressant drugs must prepare a com-
plete inventory of all stocks on hand as of
the effective date of the legislation?Febru-
ary 1, 1966?and keep the inventory for at
least 3 years. Thereafter, a record must be
maintained.
For stimulant and depressant drugs re-
ceived: the kind and quantity of the drug;
the name, address, and registration number
(assigned by HEW) of the person from whom
received; the date of the transaction.
For stimulant and depressant drugs ens*
pensed: the kind and quantity of the drug
dispensed or otherwise disposed of; the name,
address, and registration number (generally
not applicable for pharmacists or physicians)
of the person obtaining the drug; the date of
the transaction.
The records must be kept. for 3 years un-
less State laws specify a longer period.
In most instances, the wholesaler or manu-
facturer invoice will comply with the receipt
record and the prescription file or patient
chart with the dispensing record provided
all the required information is available.
The law also provides that the HEW Secre-
tary shall exempt from the provisions of the
act by regulation any drug which may be
sold over-the-counter; combinations, which
include one or more substances in such
quantity, proportion, or concentration suffi-
cient to prevent the stimulant or depressant
drug from being ingested or absorbed in
large enough quantities,to cause the stimu-
lant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect.
INSPECTION
The record of receipt and disposition of
depressant or stimulant drugs must be avail-
able for Food and Drug Administration em-
ployees to inspect. Pharmacists may main-
tain separate flies in much the same manner
as is now done for narcotics and where this
is clone, both the Senate and House com-
mittee reports make it clear that the inspec-
tion authority is limited to those separate
files. However, the law specifically provides
that no separate records need be kept and
the records need not be in any special form.
Normal business and pharmaceutical records
are sufficient. In hospitals, patient order
files and patient medical charts are sufficient.
In the debate on H.R. 2 on the floor of the
House, a colloquy between Congressman
HARRIS and Congressman ROGERS of Florida
pointed out that the inspection authority is
not intended to confer any broader searches
than the records for stimulant and depres-
sant drugs. The Congressmen agreed that
"this does not in effect authorize fishing ex-
peditions" of the pharmacists' records.
_ In light of the prior congressional denial of
inspection authority to FDA agents, .a court
will have to rule on whether an FDA in-
spector can utilize any evidence he may dis-
cover which does not relate to stimulant or
depressant drugs where no separate records
are maintained.
The law and both committee reports em-
phasize that no special records need be
maintained. This would be effectively nulli-
fied if evidence not relating to stimulant or
depressant drugs was gathered under H.R.
2's inspection authority and later used
against the pharmacist. This would force
pharmacists to maintain separate records or
relinquish rights they otherwise would have.
PROFESSIONAL SAMPLES AND PHYSICIANS
The House debate clearly indicates that a
record must be made of professional samples
of stimulant or depressant drugs obtained
from medical representatives. Likewise, the
medical representative has to keep a record
of the disposition of any professional sam-
ples to pharmacists or physicians. This is
to preclude the development of a gap in trac-
ing the distribution of these drugs.
Physicians and other licensed practitioners
who regularly engage in dispensing stimu-
lant or 'depressant drugs to their patients
and who make a charge for the drugs "either
separately or together with charges for other
professional services" must also keep records
of receipt and disposition and make them
available for inspection.
WHO MAY LAWFULLY POSSESS
Manufacturers, processors, and wholesale
druggists dealing in stimulant or depressant
drugs must register .with the Secretary of
HEW and may then lawfully possess the
drugs in the usual course of their legitimate
businesses. Common carriers and their em-
ployees are also authorized to possess the
drugs in the usual course of their legitimate
business. Stimulant and depressant drugs
may lawfully be possessed by (1) pharma-
cies; (2) hospitals; (3) clinics; (4) public
health agencies which maintain establish-
ments in conformance with any applicable
local law's regulating the practice of pharma-
cy and medicine; (5) physicians; (6) den-
tists, and other practitioners licensed by
State law to administer depressant or stimu-
lant drugs in their practices; (7) persons
utilizing the drugs in research, teaching, or
chemical analysis as long as the drugs are not
for sale; (8) officers and employees of Fed-
eral, State, or local governments while acting
in the course of their official duties; (9)
nurses and other medical technicians who
are under the supervision of a practitioner
licensed by law to administer stimulant and
depressant drugs while acting in the course
of employment or occupation and not on
their own account; (10) employees and
agents of groups (1) through (7) noted
above while acting in the course of their
employment; (11) patients or a responsible
member of the patient's household for his
personal use or that of a member of his
household or for administration to an animal
owned by him or a metnber of his household.
PRESCRIPTION ORDERS AND RENEWALS
Prescription orders, to comply with record
requirements, must contain the name and
address of the patient and the date of issue
which are the normal requirements for all
prescription orders. There is no requirement
that the prescription order must be written
and signed by the prescriber; stimulant or
depressant drugs may be dispensed on tele-
phoned or oral instructions according to the
usual practice. However, no prescription
order can be renewed more than five times
and no prescription order can be dispensed or
renewed more than six months after the date
of issue. If the prescriber indicates a larger
number of renewals or a longer duration, the
five renewals and six month limit still apply.
However, if there are no renewal instructions,
then the prescription is nonrenewable.
These requirements apply to all prescrip-
tions after the effective date of the law re-
gardless of the date on which they were writ-
ten. After the 5 renewals or 6 months has
elapsed, the physician may prescribe addi-
tional renewals for a like period.
UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES
Any person who violates the provisions of
the act is subject to the penalties of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Con-
viction carries a punishment of imprison-
ment for not more than 1 year, and a fine of
not more than $1,000 or both for the first
offense and imprisonment for not more than
3 years and a fine not more than $10,000 or
both for subsequent offenses. An additional
penalty has been added where stimulant or
depressant drugs are sold to a person under
21 years of age. For a first offense, the pun-
ishment is imprisonment for not more than
2. years and a fine not more than $5,000 or
both, and subsequent violations carry a pen-
alty of not more than 6 years imprisonment
and a fine of not more than $15,000 or both.
Violations include possession of stimulant or
depressant drugs except as authorized in the
law; failure to prepare and keep an accurate
record of receipt and 'disposition of stimulant
and depressant drugs; refusal to access to or
copying of any of the required records; re-
fusal to permit authorized inspections; dis-
pensing or renewing any prescription more
than 6 months after its date of issue or
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August 18, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX A4641
mately succeeded, with a generous assist
from the United States, in toppling Ful-
gencio Batista's regime on January 1, 1959,
and selling Cuba out to communism.
It was not until December 2, 1961, that
Castro finally acknowledged what was by
that time obvious; 1. e., that he was a dedi-
cated agent of the international Communist
conspiracy. But he declared on that occa-
sion:
"Did I believe (in Marxism) on 26 July
(1953) ? I did believe on 26 July.
The mistake the U.S. State Department
made in believing Castro was not a Commu-
nist in 1953 was only the first in a long
series of blunders that continued to charac-
terize our policy toward communism in this
hemisphere. Whatever reasons there may
have been for believing Castro was non-
Communist in 1953 or 1959, there is no doubt
whatsoever today that he and his regime are
disciples of Marxism, and that Cuba is the
center for subver:ion in Latin America.
The United States, however, is abstaining
from even encouraging Cuban refugees in
another "26 de Julio" movement that would
fulfill the betrayed promise of free elections,
democratic government, and liberty for the
people of Cuba.
The spirit of the 26th of July movement
long ago was betrayed by Fidel Castro and
his clan of Communist conspirators. The
brave, freedom-loving Cubans now have no
one to help them revive that spirit.
Ending the U.N. Deadlock
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 18,1965
Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mr. Speaker, un-
der leave to extend my remarks in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I include at this
point the lead editorial which appeared
in the New York Times of August 17, en-
titled "Ending the U.N. Deadlock."
The possibility that our Government
would revise its position had been re-
ported in the press recently, and I had
previously indicated my strong support
of a more flexible position which would
remove the deadlock which has paralyzed
the General Assembly and affected the
work of the United Nations for a year.
The editorial follows:
- ENDING THE U.N. DEADLOCK
Washington's decision to terminate the
controversy over Soviet and French peace-
keeping arrears was based on a recognition
that there was no other practical way to
preserve the world organization.
The year-long deadlock in the General
Assembly demonstrated conclusively that the
United Nations could be destroyed, but that
it could not be strengthened, by the futile
effort to force a great power to contribute
to peacekeeping operations of which it dis-
approved.
Most member countries of the world or-
ganization came to this conclusion months
ago. For this reason alone, it has been clear
for some time that Washington, had no real
alternative but to acctpt the majority view.
The United States could not set itself up as
the sole guardian of the U.N.'s interests, no
matter how unassailable its legal position.
Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg pointed up
the most crucial aspect of the problem yes-
terday when he said that "the United States
agrees, in light of present world tensions, that
the General Assembly must proceed with its
work." The need to preserve the U.N. for a
possible role in Vietnam as well as the Other
troubled areas has made it increasingly ur-
gent that the Assembly meet, vote and re-
sume normal business next month.
40 The revision of the American position In..
Compromises within the Johnson ad-
ministration and in Congress. Some of the
strains this created were reflected both in
what Ambassador Goldberg said yesterday
and in what he left unsaid. One thing left
unsaid was what the United States would do
to help the U.N. wipe out its $108 million
deficit.
Britain and the Scandinavian countries
have shown the way with unconditional do-
nations of $18 million. Washington, pre-
sumably, is waiting for the Soviet Union to
keep its promise of a "substantial contribu-
tion." Washington would have been wiser
to state?as Adlai Stevenson urged before his
death?that the United States intends to
help the United Nations in its finances re-
gardless of what other countries do,
A similar position might well have been
taken in another respect. If the Soviet
Union has been wrong to open a breach in
the Assembly's authority to assess ,its mem-
bers, is the United States right to open this
breach wider by emphasizing?before any
issue arises?that it "reserves the same op-
tion"? Suggesting that Washington might
emulate Moscow in this regard is a poor con-
tribution to strengthening international
morality.
The paramount consideration, however, is
the need, to end the debt crisis and put the
General Assembly. back to work. Eauallv
important, the United States has not yielded
on the Assembly's authority to initiate
peacekeeping operations when the Security
Council, which has the primary responsibil-
ity, is immobilized by a veto. Voluntary
contributions have effectively financed such
operations in the past and there is no reason
why they cannot in the future.
Taken as a whole, the new flexibility in
the American position is welcome. It will
not resolve all the difficulties that face the
United Nations. But, by resolving the pres-
ent impasse, it will preserve the world or-
ganization for a future in which it can grad-
ually again grow in strength.
Eccentrics Unnecessary
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 18, 1965
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
Des Plaines Valley News, an independent
publication serving communities in
southeast suburban Cook County, pro-
duced a brief editorial in its Thursday,
August 12, edition which I believe is a
most timely and significant comment on
a phase in current civil disobedience
actions:
ECCENTRICS UNNECESSARY
In the flood of those photos of marchers
for various movements or demonstrations
allied with the Negro cause for equality, the
aim for peace for Vietnam, and the rebellion
at the college campuses are seen the eccen-
trics.
These are those bearded, unkempt indi-
viduals that in earlier days one Would class
as "bums." These seldom bother to wear
common attire, but always wear the extreme.
They are passionate in their demands. The
causes, they suport are sometimes as queer
as their apparel. However, note that where
some cause gets public attention and TV
coverage these individuals are surely seen
to be among the other, more dedicated lead-
ers of the movement,
The citizens that watch are treated with
contempt. Apparently this group finds that
such oddity catches the attention of the
public.
One cannot pass judgment on the plight
of these individuals but it would do well if
the leaders of important causes sort of im-
prove their image and exile the eccentrics or
face attention of the sort that they rather
not have.
Praise Due Self-Policing Efforts
of Nation's Pharmacists
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL G. ROGERS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
' Tuesday, August 10, 1965
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker,
as a member of the House Interstate and
Foreign Commerce Committee, which
handled the recently enacted Drug Abuse
Control Amendments of 1965, I was
pleased to see the efforts taken by the
industry to fully effect the provisions of
the new law.
The American Pharmaceutical Associ-
ation has just circulated a reference
guide explaining the provisions of the
new law to various health practitioners.
This effort stands as a fine example of
the type of cooperation and initiative
needed to curb the illicit traffic in barbi-
turate and amphetamine drugs.
I include the American Pharmaceuti-
cal Association pamphlet in the RECORD
at this point:
H.R. 2 AND You?A R5.3,ERENCE GUIDE TO THE
DRUG ABUSE CONTROL AMENDMENTS OF 1965
FOR HEALTH PRACTITIONERS
(Norm?After more than a decade of pro-
posals'and hearings, the Drug Abuse Control
Amendments of 1965 establish special con-
trols for depressant and stimulant drugs.
Practitioners of the health professions know
the measure as H.R. 2 by Representative
HARRIS (89th Cong.), the Dodd bill (88th
and 87th Congs.), after its sponsor, Senator
DODD, the Boggs bill in earlier Congresses,
and the barbiturate and amphetamine
proposal.)
The American Pharmaceutical Association,
the national professional society of pharma-
cists, presents the highlights of the new law
affecting the health practitioners here. The
purpose of this effort is to educate those who
must practice under this new law as to the
requirements established and acquaint them
with their individual responsibilities created
under the legislation. We firmly believe that
the pharmacists of this country conscienti-
ously assume their ethical and legal obliga-
tions. The American Pharmaceutical As-
sociation hopes this commentary will foster
an understanding of the purposes and details
of the Drug Abuse Control Amendments of
1965.
The Drug Abuse Control Amendments of
1965 amend the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act and place additional controls
over stimulant and depressant drugs through
increased recordkeeping and inspection re-
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August 18, 1965 \ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX A4639
In fact as well as any man I have ever known.
This did not prevent him, however, from
committing his most disastrous political
blunder?the attack on the Supreme Court.
But, it did enable him to govern New Stork
State during the Seabury inyestigation of
the late Mayor James ..T. Walker's administra-
tion, without assisting Judge Seabury in the
least and without favoring the Democratic
organization at all. Both sides assailed him.
Both called him the man on the flying trap-
eze, but neither sensed that he enjoyed that
role very much.
His sense that his place in history de-
pended on what he did for the common man
was called demagoguery by his opponents.
I just won't accept this at all. I sat in
those early cabinet meetings, and I can tell
you there was no time for demagoguery.
The hour was too late and the days too full
of anxiety for any thought other than the
welfare of our country. The banks had been
closed and reopened, but they were shaky.
Millions were jobless and millions were hun-
gry.
Those pieces of legislation pounded out in
the forge of imminent national failure were
entrusted in a large measure to me?opera-
ting as chairman of the Democratic National
Committee?to effectuate on the Hill. Many
men took part in their formation?and it
is significant as the late Speaker Sam Ray-
burn, of Texas, pointed out, that of the 100-
odd basic acts?such as labor legislation,
banking reforms, securities regulation, social
security and many others?not one has been
repealed and all have been augmented by
both parties in succeeding sessions of the
Congress. Accordingly, it is unkind, unfair
and untrue to call Mr. Roosevelt a demagog
on this score.
To be sure, he loved the approval of the
people and the lionization by his huge fol-
lowing. But who doesn't? Loving applause
ahd rabble rousing are two different things.
There are two factors which prevented F.D.R.
from becoming a rabble rouser. First, and
you may believe this or not, he was deeply
conservative. He hated to spend public
money unnecessarily, and he dreamed of the
day he could balance the budget.
I shall always remember an evening I spent
with him after dinner in the White House
as he was going over with me matters on
which of necessity required his approval.
I,shall never forget when he said if the price
of cotton which I think was then 6 cents
a pound in the' market could be raised to' 10
or 11 cents, and corn and wheat could
be raised from the price offered in the Kansas
City markets, comparable with the increase
on cotton?and if it were possible to in-
crease the national income from approxi-
mately, as I recall it, $57 to $65 billion at
that time?to approximately $75 billion we
would be able to balance the budget?which
if my memory serves me correctly?was ap-
proximately $7 billion.
The public needs, and the necessity of
spending held his mind; but close to his
heart was the idea of stopping Federal spend-
ing as quickly as he could. At the slightest
rise in the economic health of the country,
he would stop spenditg. In fact, he stopped
Vending so abruptly in 1937 that it brought
about a recession. Perhaps nothing illus-
trates how conservative he was at heart
more than the discovery that the ex-presi-
dent of the New York Stock Exchange,
Richard Whitney, was an embezzler. Had
F.D.R. been a demogog, he would have
gone to the country screaming, "I told you
so," and demanded fuller powers. Ile could
have gotten them, too. But he did nothing
of the kind. Perhaps it is an index to F.D.R.
the man that tears came to his eyes, "I
can't believe that Dick would do such a
thing," he [mid and added "Poor Groton."
They had been schoolmates there.
One of his great qualities was to turn
reverses into a joke. Thus, when he lost the
purge elections, defeating only one opponent,
the chairman of the Rules Committee, John
O'Connor, of New York, he laughed off his
defeat with the marvelous wisecrack, "It
was a bad season, but we won the Yale
game."
Another time, when his executive secretary,
the very able James Rowe, urged him to take
an action to which he was opposed?accord-
ing to Jim Rowe, the President said, "Jim,
you've made a forceful argument, but by
accident we're not going to do it."
"By accident?" asked Rowe. "What acci-
dent?"
"The accident that the people of the
United States elected me President instead
of you," F.D.R. laughed.
I have told you that he was a man who
could throw off a jibe, but there was one
which cut him deeply. That came at a time
when he was convinced that the country had
to prepare for war. Taking the cue from his
agricultural plan of reducing craps by a
third, the President's foreign policy was
described on the Senate floor as a plan to
plow under every third American boy. That
hurt, hurt deeply, so deeply that it was
weeks before he rallied enough to be very
angry about it.
He liked nothing better than new ideas
and interesting people and he especially
liked to talk to them over a cocktail at day's
end. He fancied himself as a great cocktail
mixer, with few equals in martinis, and
without parallel in old-fashioneds.
He was deeply aware of the prerogatives
of the Presidency. He insisted that the great
respect for the office be observed because none
respected it more than he. Thus, he was
annoyed when an autograph seeker pre-
sumed to go upstairs in the White House
to get it. He refused and ordered him ex-
pelled.
Although his life had been attempted in
Miami, it affected him little. He was a
fatalist about that, and as I have previously
said, he was deeply religious. He often said,
"If they want you, they'll get you, and there
isn't anything you can do about it." In
fact, it was the Cabinet which intervened
to put more protection around him. The
Attorney General, Robert II. Jackson, was
summoned to the White House one mid-
night, and found only one old guard between
Pennsylvania Avenue and the Lincoln Room.
He protested strongly and after that Mr.
Roosevelt consented to more security
measures.
He, of course, loved the Navy, because of
his boyhood sailing days. He also, of course,
had been Assistant Secretary of the Navy
under President Wilson, a job also held at
one time by President Theodore Roosevelt.
With his admirals he was in especially close
contact. He could take criticising of his
other departments very well, but those at-
tacking the Navy were on thin ice. He
would shut off those critics with a single
sentence "What do they know about battle-
ships?"
His administration has been described as
the greatest royal court since Louis XIV.
There is a certain element of truth about
this. While the President was bold in imag-
ination, sivift in execution, and highly
knowledgeable about government finance,
administration was not one of his strong
points. He was little less than grand in his
delegation of authority; he was magnificent
in backing up the men he appointed, but
unfortunately he often appointed two de-
partments with sweeping powers to do the
same job. This resulted in terrible depart-
mental fights, which F.D.R. dearly loved.
Since both sides bitterly complained to him,
he kept himself, at least, fully informed.
His method of reaching policy decisions
in those early days is worthy of note. I have
for it the greatest admiration. He would in-
vite all points of view to the White House
for dinner, or immediately thereafter. He
would introduce the subject for discussion,
and then listen to all sides. Sometime after
11 o'clock he would turn to Miss LeHand
and say "Missy, I think this is the best we can
do." He would then and there dictate his
ideas in a memorandum. All had had their
say, and all had a pliecise idea of what the
President wanted. Thereafter, very fre-
quently, would delegate the job to two com-
peting departments, and the fur would start
to fly.
Nor did his idea of administration stop
there. His kitchen cabinet, often had more
access than the regular Cabinet. Hopkins
and Corcoran were his principal lieutenants
after the death of Louis Howe and to the
annoyance of many department heads their
word was law more often than not. It is in
pattern that these two men also ended up
at loggerheads as did many of his department
heads.
This dislike of ordinary channels led him
to value new faces and new ideas. In that
respect, he was very typical of the age in
which he was educated. He had a little
knowledge of nearly everything. He was an
avid reader, with a great memory, and there
was scarcely a subject on which he could
not contribute an anecdote or an observa-
tion. This accounts in part for his great per-
sonal charm. The experts of the country
who had spent lifetimes on a particular sub-
ject would find that F.D.R. knew enough
about it to grasp immediately what they were
talking about. This wide range of interest,
these smatterings, if you will, gave F.D.R.
the ability to be a great and sYmpathetie
listener, without which quality he could not
have been the justly famous conversational-
ist that he was.
If he had a single great love, / believe it
was American history. On this, he was an
authority, as is President Truman. For Mr.
Roosevelt, it had the excitement of contest.
One could almost see him visualizing him-
self on how he would have acted had he
been President at that time. He had a
genuinely deep affection for our country, re-
garding it as the greatest romance of his-
tory. That spirit, I think characterized his
administrations while I was in the Cabinet.
One almost felt the warmth and keen in-
terest of the administrations since George'
Washington, and here I will say that, in my
opinion, there has never been an administra-
tion?Republican or Democratic, without it.
The Cabinet and the President of the United
States are, in our history, majestic, and I
never knew a man holding such position who
did not give the country the best that was
in him. I have no patience with those cynics
who believe that there is no such thing as
consecrated public service.
I have said that it is difficult to separate
the man from the work, and it is. But by
their works shall ye know them, and if this
be the standard, F.D.R. stands anclfored in
American history with the rest of our great-
est Presidents.
As for F.D.R. the man, and myself, I have
this to say. Since it is fair to say that we
parted on principle, it also follows that we
met on principle, the principle of what was
best for New York State and later the Re-
public. For 12 full years, we saw the result
of our labors enacted into laws which still
stand as the laws of our country, laws which
are now endorsed in the platforms of both
parties.
Further, the pattern of concern for our
fellow Americans has been elaborated to a
principal and permanent goal of the Nation.
None of these would have been possible
without President Franklin Delano Roose-
velt.
And so, it is my absolute conviction that
Franklin Delano Roosevelt the man?can
safely rest his case before God, the American
people and history?on the works and deeds
of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32d Presi-
dent of the United States.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?APPENDIX August 18, 1965
[From the Detroit (Mich.) Free Press, Aug.
6, 1965]
FARLEY CALLS F.D.R. "CONSERVATIVE"--?
SPEAKS AT KALAMAZOO
KALAMAZ00.?A man politically close to
Franklin 13. Roosevelt Thursday night de-
scribed the New Deal President as "deeply
conservative," a man who "hated to spend
public money unnecessarily" and one who
"dreamed of the day he could balance the
budget."
This assessment of Roosevelt came from
James A. Farley, his Postmaster General 8
years and, as Democratic national chairman,
director of the first two of his four success-
ful campaigns for the presidency.
The assessment was made in a lecture,
"FDR?The Man," prepared for delivery as
the last in a series on "The Roosevelt Era,"
sponsored by Kalamazoo College to com-
memorate the 20th anniversary of his death.
The Nation's worst depression existed
when F. D. R. took office. The world's worst
war was raging when he died in office.
Farley and Roosevelt split politically when
the latter decided to seek a third term. Far-
ley opposed more than two for any man,
and he said Thursday "severance took place
on a basis of principle, not personality."
Farley, now chairman of the Coca-Cola Ex-
port Corp., prefaced his description of Roose-
velt as deeply conservative by saying: "you
may believe this or not."
"The public needs and the necessity for
spending held his mind. But close to his
heart," Farley said, "was the idea of stopping
Federal spending as quickly as he could.
"At the slightest rise in the economic
health of the country, he would stop spend-
ing. In fact, he stopped spending so
abruptly in 1937 that it brought on a re-
cession."
Farley said Roosevelt liked nothing better
than new ideas and interesting people and
especially liked to talk over cocktails at day's
end.
"He fancied himself," Farley added, "as a
great cocktail mixer, with few equals in mar-
tinis, and without parallel in old-fashioneds.
* *
"I believe he was gifted with a sense of '
destiny and of leadership," Farley said,
"Which stood him and the Nation in good
stead in hours of grave crisis."
Ticking off landmarks in New Deal legisla-
tion, such as social security and banking
reform, Farley said "we saw the results of our
labors enacted into laws which still
stand ? * ? laws which are now endorsed
In the platforms of both parties."
"And so," he concluded, "it is my absolute
conviction that Franklin Delano Roosevelt
the man?can-safely rest his case before God,
the American people, and history?on, the
works and deeds of Franklin Delano Roose-
velt, the 32d President of the United States."
"His administration has been described as
the greatest royal court since touts XIV.
There is a certain element of truth about this.
While the President was bold in imagina-
tion, swift in execution and highly knowledg-
able about Government finance, administra-
tion was not one of his strong points."
The former Cabinet member said "11,e was
little less than grand in delegating author-
ity," but "unfortunately he often appointed
two departments with sweeping powers to do
the same job."
"This resulted in terrible departmental
fights, which F. D. R. dearly loved."
[From the Kalamazoo (Mich.) Gazette,
Aug. 6, 1965]
PARLEY ENTHUSIASTIC OVER BOTH F.D.R.,
L.B.J.
(By Tim Richard)
If James A. Farley is enthusiastic about
the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt,
whom he served as Postmaster General and
Democratic National Committee chairman,
he is just as -enthusiastic about the works
of President Lyndon B. Johnson.
"He will go down in history as one of our
greatest Presidents," Farley said of L.B.J.
"No President has put through as much
controversial legislation as Johnson, and in
such a short time."
The old New Dealer was asked in an inter-
view this morning to contrast the personal-
ities of F.D.R. and L.B.J.
Roosevelt was the Harvard- and Columbia-
educated aristocrat, "even tempered, not too
explosive. He didn't like criticism; no Presi-
dent does.
"Like all men, he could be very small at
times," Farley said, recalling F.D.R.'s re-
fusal to do favors for persons who had of-
fended him sometime in the past.
"He liked to be told he was tough, but he
wasn't," Farley said.
Johnson, on the other hand, was born in
meager circumstances, received a less elab-
orate education in Texas colleges, started as
a teacher, then went to Washington as a
congressional assistant, Farley recalled.
"He's politically minded, and he likes the
political atmosphere of Washington," Far-
ley said. "He isn't going to try to hurt,
he won't attempt punishment, of someone
who votes against him."
Whereas Farley said unboastfully that he
handled F.D.R.'s relations with individual
Congressmen?"they knew I spoke with the
authority of the President"--Johnson takes
charge of congressional relations himself.
"His personal relations with Senator Digit-
SEN (Republican leader) are as close as with
Senator MANSFIELD (Democratic leader),"
Farley observed.
One exception to L.B.J.'s no-retaliation
rule occurred when the President became
sensitive to the criticism of Senator PRANK
CHrracx, Democrat, of Idaho, over the ad-
ministration's Vietnam war escalation pol-
icy.
Johnson asked CHURCH where he got his
ideas, and CHURCH replied he read liberal
columnist Walter Lippmann. Farley chuck-
led as he recalled L.B.J.'s retort:
"The next time you want a dam, talk to
Lippmann about it."
[From the Kalamazoo (Mich.) Gazette, Aug.
6, 1965]
PARLEY DESCRIBES F.D.R. IN TALK HERE
(By Rob Warden)
James A. Farley, at '77, characterizes
Franklin 13. Roosevelt as a man who "rests
his case with God, the American people, and
history."
Speaking Thursday night at Kalamazoo
College, Farley commented that he "broke
with President Roosevelt because of prin-
ciple, not because of personality."
Farley, U.S. Postmaster General during
F.D.R.'s first two terms, resigned in 1940
because he opposed the idea of a President
breaking tradition by seeking a third term.
Concluding a lecture series commemorat-
ing the 20th anniversary of President Roose-
velt's death, Farley called F.D.R. "a deeply
good man, and really quite religious."
"It is unkind, unfair, and untrue to call
? Mr. Roosevelt ?a demogague," Farley said.
"He was deeply conservative, and dreamed
of the day he could balance the budget."
"Big Jim" was Democratic national chair-
man and directed the successful Roosevelt
presidential campaigns in 1932 and 1936. He
is currently board chairman of Coca Cola
Export Co.
Farley's talk Thursday night concerned
only the first two terms of President Roose-
velt, while Farley was a member of the
cabinet.
Referring to his resignation from the ad-
ministration, Farley said, "Men must be very
close to have a split between them become
first-page news."
The public needs and the necessity for
spending held Roosevelt's mind, but close to
his heart was the idea of stopping Federal
spending as quickly as he could, Farley said.
"At the slightest rise in the economic
health of the country he would stop spend-
ing. In fact, he stopped spending so
abruptly in 1937 that it brought on a re-
cession," Farley recalled.
Roosevelt liked to be surrounded by inter-
esting people with new ideas and he particu-
larly enjoyed discussions with them over a
drink at the day's end, Farley said.
"Mr. Roosevelt was exceptionally canny
and knowledgeable," Farley said, "and he
liked nothing better than new ideas and new
faces."
"He fancied himself as a great cocktail mix-
er, with few equals in martinis, and without
parallel in old-fashioneds.
"His administration has been described as
the greatest royal court since Louis XIV.
There is a certain element of truth about
this," Farley observed.
"While the President was bold in imagina-
tion, swift in execution and highly knowl-
edgeable about government finance, admin-
istration was not one of his strong points,"
Farley added.
Farley said Roosevelt enjoyed much more
freedom of action in his first two terms than
in the last two when "the compulsions of war
and of failing health assailed him."
Giving his personal estimate of F.D.R.,
Farley said "I believe he was gifted with a
sense of destiny and of leadership which
stood him and the Nation in good stead in
hours of grave crisis."
Farley, who stands 6 feet, 2 inches and
weighs 215 pounds, said he admired F.D.R.'s
vitality in lieu of the handicap that polio
had imposed on him. "In this way," Farley
said, "he was like Theodore Roosevelt. They
both had great physical vitality, and they
both had physical handicaps."
President Roosevelt, however, was less than
perfect, Farley said. "He often appointed
two departments with sweeping powers to do
the same job."
Looking back 25 years at the history he
helped? make, Farley commented that F.D.R.
"stands in Amer tory with the great
Presidents."
Twe ve Years Later
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 18, 1965
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as
we watch the growing demands of
some Communist-infiltrated organiza-
tions and other groups of well-meaning
but misguided Americans, and as we ob-
serve the voices of appeasement within
the hierarchy of this administration, it
would be practical for us to heed the
very timely commentary on history
which appeared in the Seymour Daily
Tribune recently:
TWELVE YEARS LATER
July 26, 1953?July 26, 1965.
For Castro and his fellow Communists,
12 years of struggle, then triumph, then
total, tyrannical dominion over the island
and people of Cuba.
It was 12 years ago that a 1:land of rebel
Cuban youths with Fidel Castro at their
head attacked the Moncada Barracks in
Santiago de Cuba. This was the first strike
in a 51/2-year guerrilla campaign that ulti-
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And in its preoccupation with Vietnam, the
Ainerican public has failed to notice very sig-
nificant and troubling developMents south of
the border. '
But events are not only proving that Cas-
tro's threats are not so empty, but are also
calling into question many of the smug as-
suiriptions about developments in such places
US Venezuela.
' Any comparisons to Vietnam area are of
Course to the earliest stages of that war when
victims of terror and ambush were listed by
the dozens rather by the thousands.
?
ASKOMPTION' IN' ItiTEZITELA
With regard to Venezuela:it bas been as-
sumed in Washingten that the success 2 years
ago in holding free elections in spite of oppo-
sition from Communist terrorists had more
or less settled he guerrilla problem.
After all, it was reasohed the Venezuelan
Government was freely ohOsen, left of center,
and -very, progressive in social good works.
More than moat people on this earth, Amer-
icans cling to the myth that good govern-
raent is of itself a defense against Commu-
nist guerrillas.
. Very handily for the Communists, we have
been brainwashed into assuming that Com-
munist terrorists can thrive only if most of
the people are against a government. It is
a very unhistbric assumption.
In. Europe, the destruction of Czechoslo-
vakia's popular and progressive government
by a Communist minority is just one of many
examples of the fact that the Communists
usually take Over in spite of the will of the
Majority.
,
' YEN5ZTTF4, TASsoN
In Venezuela, the lessen is that terrorist
guerrillas, if supported from the outside
(Cuba) can dangerously increase their
troublemaking capacity in spite of good gov-
ermilent--a government that has among
Other things effectively worked at matters
of land reform and helping the peasantry.
- As in Vietnam, the peasants of Venezuela
may hate the guerrillas, but they will not ex-
pose them for fear of torture and death.
The discovery of 5 tons of armaments
-hidden in the Han Antonio Del Gauche re-
gion of Venezuela this week follows a gun
battle in the same area between military
forces and guerrillas. A secret guerrilla
headquarters of the FALN (National Libera-
tion Armed Forbes) was even undovered in
the, petroleum center of AnZoatguil State.
'
TRAINING r?k CLDMR/LLAS
But if Castro and company' have their way,
this is but a foretaste' of far Verse to "come.
According to reliable 'reports reaching
WaShington, guerrilla training?once con-
fined ip Cubit itself--;-is gaiiag on in the Vene-
zuelan *fates Of tare and Falcon, The guer-
rilla chieftain Is a 'former "Venezuelan news-
paper than, 'Fabrthi6" Ojeda. "
The Venezuelan' National Liberation Front
believes in, the formalities. It is officially
represented in Cuba by German Layret, who
recently went through the fornialitk of sign-
ing , a "mutual aid pact" with the Vietcong
representative in "Havana.
Castro's press and radio made much of
this and openly boasted that the pact her-
alded," the, atart Of-Vietnani:type wars, not
just in Venezuela but in other parts of Latin
America. Clearly, the Communist guerrillas,
like their counterparts in Asia, are planning
carefully and diabolically for the years ahead.
Weapons and central direction are coming
from cube and will continue to do so?as
lpng as" the fed: State's Permits this to
goon.
The question is whether the United States
- can afford to look the other way while Cuba
- provides the transmission belt for" weapons
with which the Communists plan to subvert
the bemispliere.
In Vietnam; we waited 'until almost the
11th hour before' attempting seriously to
interrupt outside sources of supply of men
and material. Isn't there a lesson to be
learned from that tragedy? Or are we to
be paralyzed into inaction by failing to take
seriously Castro's threats of turning Latin
America into a series of Vietnam's?
One Woman Comments
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. 'JAMES A. HALEY
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 23, 1965
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, in this
time of domestic turmoil and interna-
tional crisis, it is refreshing to hear some
one speak with a calm sane voice. For
this reason I have asked permission to
irclude in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, my
friend, Mrs. George L. Burr's column,
"One Woman Comments," which ap-
peared in the August 19, 1965, issue of
the Winter Haven, Fla., Herald.
Josephine Burr, as she is known to her
many friends and readers, gives sound
advice that is worthy of the attention of
readers of all ages?not just the young
people entering college to whom these re-
marks were addressed. If more people
lived,Mrs. Purr's philosophy, this world
would be a more stable and more whole-
some place in which to live:
ONE WOMAN COMMENTS
(By Josephine G. Burr)
Let us forget the trials of the National
Council of Churches this week while I write
a letter to my granddaughter. She is only
6 and starting to school, but I am going to
pretend that she is 18 and starting to college
because I hope some college-bound boy or
girl will read this and possibly think a bit
more carefully when he gets to the campus.
DEAREST VICKIE: I know you are a bit fear-
ful as you leave home this fall, for you are
actually going out into the world alone for
the first time. A college or university cam-
pus is a world of its own and a place where
you will meet all kinds of people. You will
either thoroughly enjoy your life there, as I
did, or be heartsick because you did not
realize your great opportunity to learn what
life is all about. Life of today is much more
complicated than it was for me 50 years ago,
however, so I think maybe I can help if you
will heed.
First you young folks are much more aware
of what is going on in the world today than
we were back in 1913. There are peculiar
"isms" abroad in the land, wild-eyed terror-
ists, and some who believe communism will
save the world from destruction. But there
ire also many good ideas, many fine thinkers.
I hope you have absorbed from your prob-
lems class in high school or the course you
took in communism that Florida high schools
require, the dangers that lurk in these pecu-
liar subversive minds. I am sure you read
of the troubles the Berkeley, Calif., campus
had last fall. Many people thought it all the
fault of Communist off-campus folk who
created this trouble. I think they had their
part in it, but let's face it, there is unrest on
every college campus today created by this
changing world in which we find ourselves.
'The "Wave of the Future" that Ann Morrow
Lindbergh wrote about back in the 1040's has
overtaken us. Every nation, however small,
is trying for the highest kind of freedom and
to equal the good things that we here in
America have enjoyed for so long. They hate
us for having found them first, and since
this is the "land of the free and the home
of the brave," they are trying to prove, in
their strivings, that we are wrong and they
are right. Revolution is in the air and the
world is so rampant for freedom that we be-
gin to wonder if we are as free as we have
always taken for granted we were. Let us
not waiver?ever?in our ideas of what free-
dom really is and how to keep it. That is
what you young folks of today must work to
preserve.
One thing I want to emphasize as you start
your college career?please do your own
thinking. You will doubt yourself at times
and your ability to think right, but do not
allow the thoughts of someone else to be-
come yours unless you have spent hours try-
ing to find out the truth about controversial
subjects. You, Vickie, have been fortunate
in growing up in a normal home. Many of
the young people you will meet have warped
minds because they were not so fortunate.
Grief, money troubles, broken homes, liquor,
can tear up lives and create so much unhap-
piness, especially in young people's minds,
that they become unstable in their think-
ing and their emotions. Look into the back-
ground of those who seem different and try
to discover why they are different?then feel
sorry, be tolerant, but do your own thinking.
But we were discussing freedom. When I
was in college no one questioned it. Since
then we have helped France and England
preserve their freedoms in World War I, then
again in World War II when the madman,
Hitler, tried to change things to his warped
mind's way of thinking, we sent our young
men to fight for freedom. Now the Russians,
who realized they 'were being ruled by a mad
king, cannot seem to be happy just changing
their own world. They are being led by the
Ideologies of three other mad men, Karl Marx
of Germany, Lenin, and Stalin. But some-
thing has happened in our own land of the
free that is very frightening. We do not
all seem to appreciate that our Founding
Fathers planned well and there are too many
Americans trying to change our world.
Two characteristic stand out in all this
strife of today?hate and fear. They are not
new?they ruled the German Kaiser, they
definitely ruled Hitler, and today they rule
all the odd people who think change is the
only road to freedom. The one thing to me
that will make you realize we have been and
still are on the right track in America, will
be your absorbing the education that you are
about to undertake. However, you must keep
your feet on the ground; you must believe, as
you have been taught, that there is a God
above us all who strives to help us; and that
if you live by the Golden Rule, you cannot
get off the right course for long. Education
also means tolerance to me, Vickie, for all
people are not made alike?everyone has his
good points and his bad ones. Just be sure
you can tell the difference and are not led by
bigotry or mass thinking, but by your own
careful estimation of what is the best course.
I am sure you will know and if you become
confused, pick out a person you love and trust
and talk it all out.
One last admonition and to me it is very
Important. I want you to have fun and
enjoy your college life as well as its oppor-
tunities, and the best way to do this is to
join with a group of congenial folks in a
Greek letter society. Today they are, the last
sure bulwark of Americanism on the college
campus. They exist for the sake of friend-
ship; they are governed by men and women
who have been careful in their thinking.
Their first loyalty is to God and country and
they provide a "home away from home" where
you can find folks reared as you were reared,
girls and boys who think about life as you
do and have been forewarned by parents and
fraternity elders about the dangers of today.
You will find folks you can talk to and dis-
cuss things with, but best of all, you will
find real friends.
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dinlinishes men's respect for it strikes at the
Very heart of orderly, democratic, and pro-
sive living. This does not mean that all
laws are either right or perfect. It does not
Mean that laws should not change and
evolve. But it does mean that the security,
health, and progress of men and of nations
lies in a respect for law and a willingness to
obey it.
In the last few days two prominent Ameri-
cans have addressed themselves to this very
question, but from sharply different view-
points. ComMenting on the Los Angeles
riots, former President Eisenhower said, "I
believe the United States as a whole has been
becoming atmosphered * * * in a policy of
lawlessness. If we like a haw, we obey it; if
we dont, we are told: 'You can disobey it.'"
Also discussing the west coast rioting, New
York -Senator ROBERT P. KENNEDY is quoted
in an interview as saying that it was sense-
less to tell Negroes living in northern slums
to obey the law, that to these Negroes the
law is the enemy.
The Kennedy statement is deeply disturb-
ing. "Even granting the fact that many
Negroes do in fact regard the law as their
enemy, Will the Kennedy statement do any-
thing to change their view? Will it not,
rather, give them the impression that in-
natienal figures look with sympathy
upon their breaking of the law? As a former
Attorney General who had shown himself
active in securirig wider Negro protection un-
der law, Senator KENNEDY is in a particularly
favorable position to remind the Negro that
the law is, in fact, his greatest safeguard. It
Is regrettable that this opportunity was
missed.
We agree without reservation with Presi-
dent Eisenhower's statement: "I believe we
Must 'have greater respect for law. This
means 'to me we must review our * *
moral standards."
Great efforts are now being made nation-
ally on behalf of the Negro. Greater efforts
Will doubtless be made in the future. While
it is true that many of these efforts are be-
lated, It is also true that they are being made
because the American people as a whole be-
lieve in the reign of justice. And justice
-without law is an impossibility.
Only through support of law and Justice
can any American citizen, Negro or white,
hope to live in peace and prosperity. Law
is man's present highest concept of that
higbie, perfect order toward which human
progress tends. It must be protected, hon-
ored, fostered, and obeyed.
To Our Soldiers in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
er
HON. JOHN A. RACE
WISCONSIN
IN 111E HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 23, 1965
Mr. RACE. Mr. Speaker, the current
issue of the Jewish Veteran carries a
front page editorial entitled, "To Our
Soldiers in Vietnam."
This editorial, representing the official
view of united Jewish war veterans, ana-
lyzes the role of Red China, not only in
the "narrow confines" of the Vietnam
struggle, "but also in the light of all its
worldwide implications."
Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my
remarks I request that the editorial be
printed at this point in the RECORD, and
commend its careful reading to my col-
leagues:
To Ova SOLDIERS IN VIETNAM
The veterans community of the United
States wants you to know that we stand
four-square in support of your sacrifice in
the cause of freedom. As citizens who have
borne arms for this Nation before you, we
realize full well the importance to your
morale and fighting spirit the assurance that
the whole country is fully aware of the
nature of your mission and the vital im-
portance of it.
At the heart of the American involvement
In Vietnam is the confrontation of the grow-
ing power and influence of the world's most
dangerous and irresponsible nation?Red
China.
Debates are in progress about the Ameri-
can strategies and tactics in Vietnam, the
rights and wrongs of our involvement, and
the issue of escalation. These are questions
which should rightfully be examined and
discussed in the Congress and by the public.
But we must not lose sight of the basic
motivation for the pending mobilization of
Reserves and the expanded American com-
mitment in southeast Asia.
Red China leaves us no alternative but a
firm stand on every periphery of that restive
aggressive goliath.
We do not intend to make a case for the
Saigon leaders of South Vietnam as the most
perfect and desirable exponents of freedom.
We hope and pray that better leadership for
our side can be found. In the long struggle,
We cannot defeat communism except through
the dynamic appeal of a better idea?the
true ideology of freedom.
But in the larger picture, we are con-
fronted with such a massive peril that the
deficiencies of the Saigon regime are some-
what beside the main point. The basic issue
at hand is the dedication of China, a nation
whose population is three of or four times
as large as our own, to defeat and obliterate
us. To them we are the mortal foe. They
have served notice that they intend to crush
us and our way of life.
Today, China has the atomic bomb. Crude
though their weapon may be when compared
with the supermegaton power in American
hands, the fact remains that the least re-
sponsible regime on earth has the power to
Ignite a thermonuclear conflict. Millions of
Chinese may be wiped out. But other na-
tions could be involved in a holocaust which
Russia mi? ht not be able to avoid despite
its present differences with Chinese ex-
tremism.
-RED CHINA AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Right now, China is seeking to gain her
ends by exploiting so-called wars of national
liberation. That is her role in the bloody,
confused and unhappy affair in Vietnam. It
also seems to be her objective elsewhere, even
in the Near East where the Chinese are seek-
ing among other goals, to foment Arab guer-
rilla violence against Israel to create a tacti-
cal diversion to Vietnamese conflict.
Let us also examine the role of Red China
toward Israel. Peiping blackballed Israel
back in the days of the Bandung Confer-
ence of Asian Nations, alleging that Israel
was "an imperialist creature" and had no
right to exist. Israel had previousry recog-
nized Red China diplomatically because,
whether one likes it or not, Red China exists.
But Peiping did not reciprocate and rejected
a diplomatic exchange because her only
thought of Israel was as a scapegoat to use
in appealing for Arab sympathies.
Arab guerrilla attacks on Israel, if carried
to lengths that would inflame the whole tense
frontier problem, would spread, confuse, and
Intensify the world crisis. It would help the
-Vietcong by keeping American forces on the
alert in the Mediterranean and Europe. The
U.S. 6th Fleet, for instance, could not relin-
quish its marine components for duty in
the Far East, if trouble were brewing in the
Near East.
Such a move would also inflame the Arab
masses to serve Chinese ends by intimidating
Arab leaders into closer support of the
Peiping line. China, instead of Russia
would become the most militant activist and
leading exponent of Arab fanaticism against
Israel.
Peiping feels that an Arab-Israel war could
diminish mounting American pressure in
Vietnam, extricate China from a military
showdown for the present, and provide more
time far development of atomic weapons and
delivery systems. Such strife is consistent
with Chinese attempts to foment "anti-
imperialist" disorder throughout southeast
Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Offers have already been made by China
to the extremist "liberation front" of Pales-
tinian Arab refugees. Headed by Arab agi-
tator Ahmed Shukairy, an Arab delegation
was welcomed to Peiping and promised
money, weapons, and military training if
they would launch a "liberation war" against
Israel. China envisaged internal sabotage
by Israel's Arab population, creation of an
armed underground movement, bombings,
sabotage, and infiltration raids from outside.
Mao Tse-tung told the Arabs that "an Al-
gerian delegation told us once that Algeria
lost a million lives in the guerrilla struggle
for independence. I told them that peoples
should not be frightened if their population
decreases in the course of a liberation war,
for they will enjoy a period of peace after-
ward in which they can again multiply."
Peiping considers it ridiculous that 45 mil-
lion Arabs surrounding 2% million Israelis
do not crush the Jews with action and blood
Instead of mere words and promises as es-
poused by Egypt's Nasser and others.
Nasser and Shultairy are not quite ready
for a "peoples' war" against Israel because
they know that Israel has the power to hit
back and that the United States might not
stand idly by. Nasser fears that the Sinai
zone might become another Danang, poised
against Arab infiltration if the "masses" ever
materialized on a Vietcong-type rampage.
Mao subsequently condemned Arab lack of
militance as "bourgeois humanitarianism."
They are "too, preoccupied with survival," he
charged. But he hopes eventually, inexora-
bly, to enlist the Arabs in a Near Eastern
escalation in keeping with the insidious and
subversive Chinese strategies.
Therefore, when we support our Govern-
ment and its actions in Vietnam we do so not
only within the narrow confines of that area
but also in the light of all its worldwide
Implications.
Castro tEreat Not So Empty
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF claimer-La
IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 23, /965
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, so far
as the public is concerned, there seems to
be no attention being paid to Castro and
his regime in Cuba as constituting a
threat to the Western Hemisphere.
I was glad to note the following article
written by Marguerite Higgins which ap-
peared in the Washington Star:
CASTRO THREAT NOT So EMPTY
(By Marguerite Higgins)
Until recently, Johnson administration offi-
cials tended to shrug off Cuban Premier Fidel
Castro's boasts of turning Latin American
wars of liberation into Vietnam-type con-
flicts.
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anihAnt Irits-callable capital 'and subject oitakirtzkrtog AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BANK delivered at the International Develop-
to a Provision of prior agreement before The Board of Governors of the Bank ment Conference, Washington, D.C.,
the Bank can sell bonds in that particu- should probably meet annually, make May 26, 1965.
lar country. . general policy, and delegate detailed Black, Eugene R.: Statement on
_
Bank investments should be in projects policymaking and executive control to southeast Asia economic and social de-
which are economically and technically the Board of Executive Directors and the velopment presented to the House of
sound and , capable of producing fairly President who should be Asian. The Representatives Banking and Currency
rapid repayment. A small portion of the best plan is felt to be that the Board Committee on July 29, 1965.
Bank's paid-in capital should be set aside should be made up of 10 members, 7 from Black, Eugene R.: Statement to the
-.
for soft loan purposes. the regional countries. It is anticipated, meeting of the consultative committee
. 14F4W)INR.,E1P's however, that a formula will be used in of experts on the Asian Development
,
The Asian countries are proposing that distributing Board positions which will Bank, Bangkok, Thailand, June 28, 1965.
the bulk of the Bank's regular capital enable the United States, as a substan- "Inter-American Development Bank:
should be loaned on hard terms similar tial shareholder, to hold as a permanent Basic Information," Inter-American De-
to those of the International Bank for seat one of the three places on the Board velopment Bank, Washington, D.C., Oc-
Reconstruction and Development. The set aside for nonregional participants. tober 31, 1964.
IBR,D's terms are currently a unitary LOCATION Johnson, Lyndon Baines: Remarks of
51/z percent interest rate for all coun- In accord with the founding principle the President at Shriver Hall Auditorium,
tries. Loans should be allowed maturi- of a bank for Asians run by Asians, the April 7, 1965, Johns Hopkins University,
ties up ,to 30 years and grace periods Asian Development Bank will be located Baltimore, Md.
varying normally up to 6 years, gen- within the region. The United States is Rostow, W. W.: "Economic Develop-
erally in relation to the economic situ- not interested in playing an active role ment in Asia," the Department of State
ation in the country and the country's in determining the choice of location of bulletin, volume 52, May 31, 1965, pub-
debt servicing capacity and the type of the Bank. lication No. 7898.
project. The consultative committee has RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BANK AND OTHER United Nations Economic Commission
proposed that soft loans from regular INSTITUTIONS for Asia and the Far East, report of the
capital will be made only in special cir- It is felt that the Bank should certain- ministerial conference on Asian eco-
cumstances on terms similar to those of ly collaborate closely with the national nomic cooperation, January 6, 1961.
the International Development Associ- development banks or institutions where
ation?IDA. The IDA's soft loan terms this may assist in effective channeling
are CilirentIy three-fourths of 1 percent the Bank's resources in the interests of
interest, 10-year grace, and a 50-year re- economic development.
Adrian Daily Telegram Discusses
payment. Applicants for soft loans with Medicare
the lowest debt servicing prospects and PROBLEMS AND IMPLICATIONS
limited aecess to subStantiaI quantities of Although the national press has pub-
concessional assistance sources such as lished comparatively little on the subject
IDA, AID, and certain consortium mem- of the Asian Development Bank since
bers, ,will be given due account. Subject President Johnson's April 7 speech in
to the view of the Members up to 10 per- Baltimore, it has focused attention on
cent of the total paid-in capital could some of the implications of the Bank
be devoted to this soft window. - proposal and potential problems.
In addition' to these' Soft loan terms There has been much speculation since
provided by ihe Bank charter thettnited April as to how the Congress would re-
States it the ,Tune Meeting In Bangkok spond to the President's commitments to
propos6d that a SoutheaSt Asian Regional the Bank. To counteract this criticism
DeveloPmerif lErund be established with it has been suggested that a delegation
the Bank bearing the responsibility for of Congressmen be brought into the ac-
the selection Of the -projects and the ad- tive formation of the Bank to help quell
ministration of these binds 'Which are opponents of the President's plan in Con-
held in trust. These funds - clistribUted gress,
by the Bank would include $100 mu- Other newspaper reports have conjec-
lion contributed by the United States, tured that the U.S. offer to Russia to
subject to congressional approval, and become a charter member of the Asian
sufficient participation by other members Bank is a device to intensify the split
to make the fund a truly multilateral between Russia and Red China.
operation. Contributions to the Fund Finally, other observers point out that
could be tied to U.S. procurement and the administration is dangling the Bank
could be used for hard or soft loans or on a string before North Vietnam, by
grants for projects of a regional or sub- implying that if hostilities should cease
regional character, they too could participate in the institu-
, ammaresmP ng 1,rt BANIt tion. Hanoi has responded indicating
that she saw this lure aspect clearly by
calling the Bank, "President Johnson's
rotten carrot."
Without arguing the merit or lack
thereof of these and other implications
and speculations, it is safe to say that
the encouragement and support of such
an institution is a dramatic step for our
foreign policy in the Far East. It also
marks a constructive and we believe pref-
erable alternative to post-World War II
American aid.
The United States favors full member-
ship in the Bank for nthiregional
mem-
bers of ICAD thty percent of the
voting shares, in the view of the tJnited
States, should be distributed propor-
tionately to the size of capital contribu-
tions, On this basis over 60 percent. of
the voting rights would still be vested in
regional members. The group of nine
experts suggested that the votes in the
Bank should be weighted in proportion
to the size of the 00m-tiles subscription
and that only the lower end of the 5 to 20
Percent range should have votes dis-
tributed equally. This arrangement
would give regional members over 60
-Percent of the total votes. Regional
MeMbers _include 3Etizen Australia, and
New Zealand.
WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Asia Aid Request: Official Transcript
of President Johnson's News Conference
at the White House," the Washington
Post, Wednesday, June 2, 1965.
Bell, David E.: "Regional Cooperation
In South and Southeast Asia," a speech
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WESTON E. VIVIAN
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, September 2, 1965
Mr. VIVIAN. Mr. Speaker, for over
8,0 years, the Adrian Daily Telegram, a
newspaper located in my district, has
been informing the citizens of Lenawee
County, Mich., on the local, national,
and international events which daily af-
fect their lives.
A recent editorial in the Daily Tele-
gram, entitled "How Much Security,"
discusses the history of the social se-
curity program, particularly the role
which social security income and the
medicare program play in the lives of the
elderly of our Nation. The editorial is
brief but uncommonly sound. I com-
mend it to the attention of my colleagues.
It follows:
[From the Adrian Daily Telegram, Aug. 23,
1965]
HOW MUCH SECURITY?
The social security measure adopted 30
years ago provided retirement income for 25
million workers. The ultimate goal was to
provide retirement funds, as a matter of
right, for all the Nation's aged. The 25 mil-
lion figure seemed a good place to start, and
at a reasonable scale.
The program has been expanded greatly
since those days of the 1930's. Some 76 mil-
lion Americans now are covered including
professional people, farmers and business-
men. About 20 million already are receiving
benefits, an average of $80 a month. The
maximum now is $135.90 a month.
Next year the average monthly payment
goes to $149.90 a month. In 1971 the maxi-
mum rises to $167.90 a month. Social secu-
rity sweeteners have been enacted in each of
the last 7 general election years, all of them
calling for a greater expenditure of social
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A4992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX September 2, 1965
security funds and oftentimes also calling for
higher social security payments.
Last month President Johnson signed the
biggeSt sweetener of all, the medical care
program for all persons over 65 years of age.
It ended a two-decade struggle to obtain ap-
proval of such legislation. Again, the social
security cost, both to employee and employer
Will be increased.
The social security program has been a
great boon to the American people. It has
helped people prepare for old age vtho might
not be able to meet the demands of this
Period in life any other way. The medical
care program, while it will be costly, will
benefit many older people. A net egg is
easily wiped away in the twilight years dur-
ing one long seige of illness.
Cost has a bearing on the operation of the
social security system, of course. ,But the
key to success or failure lies in deciding
where security should end. Social security
must not stifle ambition. It must not
smother a willingness to work. It must not
penalize aggressiveness. It must not under-
mine determination. It must not discourage
the desire for independence.
It must not erect roadblocks to initiative.
It should permit people to retire in dignity
but it should not convert them into useless
Vegetables. Thank heavens, we are safe, so
far.
Manolo eyes?First President of the
Cuban Sertoma Club of Miami
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANTE B. FASCELL
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, September 2, 1965
Mr. FASCRIT. Mr. Speaker, Manolo
Reyes, a prominent Cuban newsman now
living in exile in Miami, Fla., was re-
cently installed as the first president of
the Cuban Sertoma Club of Miami.
The programs outlined by Mr. Reyes in
his installation speech reflects a deep
love of the country and a profound and
abiding faith in the. future Of his brave
land now swept by terror, and tyranny.
Mr. Speaker, I commend Mr. Reyes'
remarks to the attention of my col-
leagues:
Few have been the occasions in which a
group of citizens from the United States and
Cuba have gathered together for an event
like the one taking place tonight: the offi-
cial Chartering of an association devoted to
help and serve mankind, supported by Cuban
exiles living in a land of liberty.
Consequently, this event of extraordinary
importance, shows undoubtedly the grati-
tude of the people of a nation that, have
been treated like real brothers by the people
and the Government of the United States.
A brave and nqble people that will not be
bought, nor surrender, and are fighting to
break the chains of communism, with the
conviction that in their freedom they will
bring also liberty for the entire American
continent. ,
As president of the Cuban Sertoma Club
of Miami, elected by the free and democratic
vote of its members, I express to all and each
one of the distinguished personalities of
Latin America and to the Federal, State, and
local authorities of the United States, the
testimony of our deep gratitude for your
presence in this act, whtch will encourage us
to proceed on the long road ahead of us and
which ratifies an old friendship, proving,
now more than ever that we are not alone.
Why was the Cuban Sertoma Club of Mi-
ami organized?
First of all, because of God's willingness;
and second, because a group of Cuban and
American citizens decided to create another
way of helping humanity. This is a troubled
world where although the word love is con-
stantly repeated, we forget most of the time
that only when serving mankind can we
truly prove our love for our fellow beings.
Interpreting the way of thinking of the
members of the Cuban Sertoma Club of
Miami, I want to express our gratitude to
four American citizens without whose co-
operation this institution would not have
been possible. They are: A. L. Plager, Steve
Collinson, Charles Nelson and John D. Bar-
field.
Who should be members of the Cuban Ser-
toma Club of Miami?
Those who love their country distinguish
themselves from others because they serve
the cause of liberty without stopping to
thank about the cost of sacrifice, while the
others try to obtain something of personal
interest with the least sacrifice.
The Cuban Sertoma Club of Miami will be
composed of the first kind of people. We
reject the others.
A nation has two wrong types of citizens:
Those who do not belive in their country,
and those who express belief in their country
but do not do anything for it.
The Cuban Sertoma Club of Miami will
accept those who want to work for the bene-
fit of mankind, and for their own country,
Cuba, which was not horn to be enslaved.
For this reason, the Cuban Sertorna Club
of Miami will be composed of exiles who
have been forced to abandon Cuba because
of communism, and who will pledge them-
selves to work in favor of all Cubans, those
within the martyred island as well as those
in exile, hoping to receive as their only re-
ward: the right to serve humanity and the
cause of liberty.
What are the plans of the Cuban Sertoma
Club of Miami?
For approximately 7 years, the Cuban peo-
ple have suffered in their flesh Communist
oppression. Children growing today in what
was once called the Pearl of the Antilles, are
not Cubans; under the pressure of a fright-
ful indoctrination they are being converted
Into youths without spiritual values; with-
out Pan Americanism; and without true Cu-
ban feelings. It is a Communist-inspired
youth.
When Castro-communism is defeated, it
will be necessary to save this youth, who
have not seen the light of truth, and we
have to prepare the ways and means so that
they can learn a new idea, of which they are
ignorant, the concept of liberty.
The future of nations depends on educa-
tion. Liberty is obtained by breaking the
chains of ignorance. ?
Therefore, the Cuban Sertoma Club of Mi-
ami, a civic, nonpolitical and nonprofit asso-
ciation, having the basic.understanding that
education is freedom, proposes to study as
many concrete plans as possible to help de-
communize the people of Cuba, and especially
the Cuban youth of today which is under the
perverse influence of 1VIarxist-Leninism.
In the meantime, we intend to help in
every way we can the children of our coun-
try in exile, in order for them to learn the
advantages pf growing and studying in this
country?the cradle of democracy?but at
the same time to help them to maintain our
traditions; our customs; our history; our
Cuban way of life, until the moment they
will be able to return to our country, once it
Is liberated from communism.
Many of ,them will be the future leaders
of the new Cuba and must be prepared for
that event.
Moreover, the Cuban Sertoma Club of Mi-
a,rni will spare no work or effort to act as
one more bridge of friendship, understand-
Ing and help between the people and the
authorities of the United States or Latin
America and the Cuban community in exile.
For all these purposes we invoke, now and
forever, God's help, and the help of all the
citizens of the free world, who, fortified by
good faith and friendship, may wish to share
the trials that we now suffer and our hap-
piness once Cuba is freed from communism.
The Cuban Sertoma Club of Miami is one
more means created to help gain the peace
in a Cuba liberated from communism and to
this effect we respectfully request from this
moment on as many valid promises as pos-
sible to help the creation of a new Cuba,
the pride of all Cubans and of a continent
which is being redeemed from communism
by a nation nailed to a cross of suffering in
the middle of the Caribbean.
But, Cuba will never die. Yesterday it
suffered the aliment of dictatorship. Today
it suffers the epidemic of communism. But
rising above the transitory illness that affect
its health Cuba lives and will live forever.
And now, let's all get to work.
State Technical Services Act of 1965
SPEECH
OF
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
' OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, September 1, 1965
The House in Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union had under
consideration the bill (HR. 3420) to pro-
mote economic growth by supporting State
and regional centers to place the findings of
science usefully in the hands of American
enterprise.
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Chairman, this
bill would initiate the first comprehen-
sive effort to make the tremendous ben-
efits of national research activities avail-
able to American business, commerce,
and industry throughout the country.
This would be an effort beneficial to
many localities, to American enterprise
and to the whole American economy.
This is in the best sense a cooperative,
grassroots program. It encourages
States to mobilize their industries and
institutions to make full technico-eco-
nomic surveys and to formulate long-
range economic plans. Many agencies
in my own State of Maryland are already
-engaged in such planning, and this leg,
islation would further those efforts and
help other States to begin similar proj-
ects. The planning aspects of this bill
could also have many "spin-off" effects
in promoting increased cooperation
among industries and institutions on in-
numerable local tasks.
The programs developed on the basis
of such preliminary planning will be pin-
pointed to meet the problems of free en-
terprise within each State. The types
of technical assistance which can be
utilized are limited only by the percep-
tion and imagination of the committees
involved. Through technical advice,
through seminars and discussions,
through the dissemination of informa-
tion, local industries will be lifted i:nto
enhanced competitive positions as they
begin to take full advantage of the tech-
nological advances of recent years.
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21936 CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD,? SENATE September 2, 1965
There is every reason for believing,
however, that, to the extent that the
Castro Communists and Peiping Com-
munists have inflUence in the American
Negro community, their followers are en-
couraged to foment unrest; to take part
In Negro riots and uprisings, to seek to
provide them with leadership and direc-
tion, and to seek to extend the area of
hostilities.
'So, while the broadcasts of Radio Dixie
may not reach as far as Chicago and
Los Angeles, it would be a fair conclusion
that the contents of these broadcasts
concide with the, guidelines laid down
by the Castro agents in this country for
their followers in the American Negro
community. There may not be many
American Negroes who follow the Castro-
Peiping line. I doubt that there are as
many as 1,000, and I think the number
would be nearer several hundred. But
in an inflammatory situation a handful
of trained agitators, committed to vio-
lence and arson, can do an awful lot of
, damage.
It is a matter a record that Com-
munist cadres undergo systematic train-
ing in the techniques of organizing riots
and breaking through police lines.
There is even a Coin.munist handbook on
the subject which has been distributed
, in many languages.
It is a matte); of record, too, that, quite
apart from providing leadership in riot
situations, a handful of Communists in
key positions can suffice to Lake over an
entire country--as they did in Cuba, as
they did in the 13razzaville, Congo, as
they did in Zanzibar? and as they recently
almost succeeded in doing in the Domini-
can Republic.
So let no one minimize the capacity
for mischief of a handful of Commu-
nists, And let no one minimize the dan-
ger inherent in the fact that, in every
major metropolitan center in the United
States, there exists- at least a handful of
Communist extrents committed to the
Castro-Peiping line.
Patterns of Communist activity are
difficult to pin down, especially in riot
situations. But I do read some signifi-
cance into the fact,that apparently some
of the rioters. made their #rst targets the
gunshops and pawnshops in the Watts
area and that not only did they succeed
In escaping with many hundreds of?
weapons, but they systematically set the
torch to all gunshops they had looted so
that even the owners could not know
how many guns were stolen anq. how
many destroyed. The rioters also made
prime targets of drugstores for the pur-
pose of obtaining narcotics, and of liquor
stores,
There is, therefore, some serious rea-
son for believing that Castro had a hand,
or at least a finger, in the Los Angeles
riots, and that we nia,, j anticipate more
trouble from this aource over the coin-
ing period.
I don't mean to imply that if there
,were no Castrp-dommunist influence in
the American Negro community, there
would have been no Los Angeles riots.'
'This w9U1c1 be, p, gross oversimplification.
;n._ order to ..effectively_egminate the
danger of racial explosions like os An-
geles, we wifl have to eliminate the so:
cial conditions that breed frustration
and anger and hatred among our Negro
citizens.
? We will have to eliminate the Negro
ghettos.? .
We will have to conquer the serious res-
idue of discrimination that still exists
In our society.
We will have to achieve the goal that
the administration has set for our Na-
tion?the goal of a society free from
every form of religious and racial dis-
crimination, where every citizen not
only enjoys complete political equality,
but complete social equality and equality
of opportunity as well.
But let us have no illusions. These
goals are not going to be achieved over-
night, even with the best of intentions
and the most energetic programs.
During the period of readjustment to
the American society of the future, it is
my hope that our Negro the,
will
continue to follow the lead of the respon-
sible leaders of the civil, rights move-
ment, who have repeatedly warned them
against the dangers of violence.
It is my hope that, with the help of
these leaders, they will be able to dis-
cipline their more unruly members, and
expose, and isolate the agents of Castro
and Mao Tse-tung, who urge the Amer-
ican Negroes to emulate Los Angeles and
-pursue the fatal path of violence.
FEEDING THE HUNGRY WITH U.S.
FARM SURPLUSES
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, ever
since he served as Director of the food-
for-peace program, my distinguished col-
league, GEORGE McGovmax, has been
America's leader in urging us to under-
take a more comprehensive, worldwide
"war against want." He has seen, as
clearly as any man alive, the appalling
contradiction between a world where
millions starve and a United States
where we seek to cut down our food pro-
duction. He has introduced ambitious
new legislation designed to make possible
a much larger, more effective American
program to use our agricultural bounty
to feed the hungry of the world.
In the Newark Sunday News of August
29, there appeared a United Press article
which highlights the problem of world
hunger and Senator MCGOVERN'S role in
opening America's eyes to it.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that this article, "Senator Would
Feed Hungry With U.S. Farm Surpluses,"
be printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
SENATOR WOULD FEED HUNGRY WITH U.S.
FARM SURPLUSES
WASHINGTON.?For years, a bountiful
America has struggled?and spent millions?
to control its farm surpluses.
Now a farm State Senator wants an about-
face which would let farmers grow more
food on more land and would distribute
more of it to the world's hungry millions.
Led by Senator GEORGE S. MCGOVERN,
Democrat, of South Dakota, a group of Mid-
western Democrats in Congress contend it
Is neither sensible nor moral for the United
States to follow a program of sharply cur-
tailed food production when everyday half
a billion people go to bed hungry.
And they warn that strict Federal controls
have reduced the Nation's food stockpiles to
such a low point, that there are not enough
of some of basic commodities to maintain
a 6-month reserve for'home consumption.
ADMIT PROBLEMS
They admit that the problems in their
plan could be many and complicated, But
they argue that the results would be good
for American farmers as well as for interna-
tional relations. They believe President
Johnson agrees.
The roots of the food-for-peace (FFP)
program lie in a 1954 law which provides for
the distribution of surplus U.S. crops to
have-not nations. The food may be given,
bartered, sold for the currency of the receiv-
ing nation, or bought through a 40-year
American loan plan.
In 1961 the program was designated food
for peace, with MCGOVERN as its first direc-
tor. But he found his office carried little
authority. He resigned in 1962 to run for
the Senate. But his 18-month exposure to
FFP left its mark.
On one side of the world he had seen mass
graves of those who had starved to death;
children whose gaunt limbs and distended
stomachs testified to their hunger, and
some blind from lack of proper nourishment.
At home were millions of acres taken out
of production in a continuing battle against
too much food, even while farmers declared
that their private economic depression could
eventually engulf the cities.
BILL LACKING
President Johnson suggested in his farm
message to Congress establishment of strat-
egic reserves of food but he submitted no
bill to accomplish this.
Representative CLAIR A. CALLAN, Democrat,
of Nebraska, did so June 3 with a measure
which called for reserves of food equal to
half a year's requirements.
Under his proposal, for example, 600 mil-
lion bushels of wheat would be kept on hand.
That would leave only 41 millions for dis-
tribution abroad.
Two weeks later MCGOVERN submitted to
the Senate an International Food and Nutri-
tion Act of 1965. It would authorize an ad-
ditional $500 million of foods of all kinds,
not merely those now surplus, for distribu-
tion to hungry nations.
The program would be increased at the
rate of $500 million a year until it reached
$3.5 billion in 10 years.
FULBRIGHT BILL
His bill went to the Foreign Relations
Committee whose chairman, Senator J. W.
FULBRIGHT, Democrat, of Arkansas, has indi-
cated he believes FFP should be stepped up
from the mere dumping of surplus foods to
providing the vitamins and proteins which
hungry children require.
Support for his plan was forthcoming.
Vice President HUBERT H. HUMPHREY prom-
ised whatever help he could give. Senator
WALTER P. MONDALE, Democrat, of Minnesota,
claimed that MCGOVERN'S plan would work
for this country's own interests.
"For every 10 percent the less developed
countries increase their income level, they
expand their dollar purchases of our farm
products by 16 percent," he said. "Italy,
Japan, and Nationalist China have moved
from the status of food aid recipients to
major dollar customers for our farm ex-
ports."
But some Members of Congress doubt that
MCGOVERN'S proposal would do the job.
NO FORMULA
Senator KARL E. MUNDT, Republican, of
South Dakota, said attempts have been made
in the past to feed the world's hungry but
that no workable formula ever was devised.
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September 2, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE 21935
forestry education which investigates the
institutions offering professional training in
forestry. The committee evaluates the stat-
us ot each institution's forestry program,
the size, duties, and qualifications of the
faculty, the library and laboratory facilities,
and other factors. Institutions that meet
the society's high standards for professional
-training are placed on an accredited list. At
the present time the list of accredited forestry
schools in the United States are:
Auburn University, Department of For-
estry, Auburn, Ala.
University of California, School of For-
estry, Berkeley, Calif.
Clemson University, Department of For-
estry, Clemson, S.C.
Colorado State University, College of For-
estry and Range Management, Fort Collins,
Colo.
Duke University, School of Forestry, Dur-
ham, NO. (graduate) .
University of Florida, School of Forestry,
Gainesville, Fla.
University of Georgia, School of Forestry,
Athens, Ga.
University of Idaho, College of Forestry,
Moscow, Idaho.
University of Illinois, Department of For-
estry, Urbana, Ill.
Iowa State University, Department of For-
est, Ames, Iowa.
Louisiana State University, School of For-
estry and Wildlife Management, Baton
Rouge, La.
University of Maine, School of Forestry,
Orono, Maine.
University of Massachusetts, Department
of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Am-
herst, Mass.
Michigan State University, Department of
Forestry, East Lansing, Mich.
The University of Michigan, School of
Natural Resources, Ann Arbor, Mich.
University of Minnesota, School of Forestry,
St. Paul, Minn.
University of Missouri, School of Forestry,
Columbia, Mo.
Montana State University, School of For-
estry, Missoula, Mont.
University of New Hampshire, Department
of Forestry, Durham, NH.
North Carolina State of the University of
North Carolina, School of Forestry, Raleigh,
N.C.
Oregon State University, School of For-
estry, Corvallis, Oreg.
HOUSTON POST COMMENDS SENA-
TOR KENNEDY FOR PLACING FOR-
EIGN AID IN PERSPECTIVE
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
out of the sound and fury of political
propagandizing, it is often difficult for
one to maintain the proper perspective.
However, once in a while a speech or edi-
torial cuts through the fog like a sharp
ray of sunlight.
Such a service was rendered to the
Senate a few months ago by the distin-
guished junior Senator from New York
[Mr. KENNEoyl during debate on the
foreign aid bill. He pointed out that
whereas in 1950 the United States was
spending 10 percent of the Federal budg-
et and almost 2 percent of our gross
national product on foreign aid, today,
although we are still spending approxi-
mately the same $3 billion a year, we are
allocating only 3 percent of the Federal
budget or one-half of 1 percent of our
gross national product to foreign aid.
As Mr. KENNEDY pointed out, in 1965 we
are putting only approximately one-third
the effort into foreign aid that we did
15 years ago.
?
As the Houston Post noted in an excel-
lent editorial, this observation really puts
our present foreign aid program into
perspective. I commend the Senator
from New York on his excellent speech,
and the Houston Post on picking up that
speech and making it the heart of an
excellent editorial.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have the editorial "Foreign Aid
Put in Perspective" published in the
Houston Post of June 20, 1965, printed
In the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Houston Post, June 20,1965]
FOREIGN AID PUT IN PERSPECTIVE
One of the favorite tactics of critics of the
U.S. foreign aid program is to toss figures
around without relating them to anything
meaningful.
To most people, a billion dollars is a hor-
rendous figure beyond the capacity of their
imaginations, and they cannot relate it to
anything concrete in their experience. Tak-
ing advantage of this, foreign aid critics
like to cite the huge sum that the program
has cost this country since it was started
following World War II. While picturing it
as charity, they try to create the impression
that it is a tremendous burden that the
American people cannot afford.
For that reason Senator ROBERT F. KENNEDY
of New York made a point during Senate
debate on the pending foreign aid measure
that deserves more attention than it is
likely to receive.
He pointed out that 15 years ago, in 1950,
the United States was contributing a sum
equal to 10 percent of the Federal budget
and almost 2 percent of the Nation's gross
national product to economic development in
the rest of the world.
Today, this spending amounts to only 3
percent of the Federal budget and one-half
of 1 percent of the gross national product.
In other words, the U.S. Government to-
day is making less than one-third the effort
it was making in this area 15 years ago.
Because of change in the situations of
many countries that have received help in
the past and an increased ability on their
part to stand on their own feet, it has been
possible to curtail annual aid expenditures.
This alone is eloquent testimony to the ef-
fectiveness of the program.
The approximately $3 billion a year that
still is being spent on foreign aid may seem
like a very large sum when it is used as an
isolated figure, and it is large, of course.
A billion of anything is quite a lot nu-
merically. But the cost of the program has
to be related to other relevant figures to be
meaningful, and when it is, the foreign aid
expenditure seems very much smaller.
Senator KENNEDY and some others are ask-
ing whether or not, in light of the great
needs of the people of the world and this
country's vastly increased responsibilities,
we are spending as much on foreign aid
today as we should.
Senator JOSEPH CLARK of Pennsylvania
said in the Senate discussion that the
United States should be thinking about a
$10 billion program of economic aid, in addi-
tion to military aid, instead of concentrating
on how to reduce present appropriations.
Those who are opposed to any foreign aid
will dismiss all this as a liberal point of
view and therefore not worthy of considera-
tion. But, assuming that the program is
managed intelligently and efficiently and
conducted in such a way that it truly serves
the national interest, the question raised
is one that Americans of conscience should
not ignore.
In any event, Senator KENNEDY did some-
thing that badly needed to be done. He
helped place the present allocation for
foreign aid in proper perspective.
CASTRO CITES AMERICAN NE-
GROES TO VIOLENCE
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I know
that all of us were horrified by the un-
speakable savagery and the senseless de-
struction that characterized the recent
riots in Los Angeles. And I for one
wholeheartedly endorse the warning
issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson
that such violence cannot advance the
cause of civil rights, but will, on the con-
trary, only retard it.
I do not mean to minimize the suffer-
ing or injustices or frustration which
helped to make Los Angeles and Chicago
riots possible. However, I want to point
out that such violence runs counter to
the entire tradition of the American
Negro and counter to the teachings of
the legitimate civil rights movement.
A new element has been added to the
situation in American Negro communi-
ties which makes them more riot-prone.
This new element is the existence of or-
ganized extremist groups, preaching
hatred, and committed to acts of vio-
lence. In addition to the Black Muslims,
there are some hundreds of Negroes who
are members of the Communist Party,
or of the pro-Peiping Progressive Party,
and there are other groups like the Dea-
cons scattered around the country.
The broadcasts of the renegade Ameri-
can Negro Robert F. Williams, over Cas-
tro's Radio Dixie, constitute an open,
crude, and brutal incitation to violence.
They are now encouraging all American
Negroes to follow the example of Los
Angeles and to carry it further.
To give you an idea of the inflamma-
tory nature of these broadcasts, I want
to quote a few paragraphs from Robert
F. Williams' broadcast of August 21 over
Radio Dixie:
Yes; Los Angeles, Los Angeles. The glori-
our spirit of our brutally dehumanized
people of the ghetto has restored our self-
respect, our human dignity. Los Angeles is
a warning to oppressive racists who said,
they can no longer enjoy immunity from
retribution for their brutal crimes of violence
and oppression of our people.
My brothers and sisters, times are critical,
They are going to become ever more critical.
We are facing a future wherein the streets
shall become like rivers of blood. Let us be
prepared to fight to the death, organize, arm,
learn to shoot and to handle explosives.
When the impending showdown comes, use
the match and the torch unsparingly. The
flame of retribution must not be limited to
urban buildings and centers, but the country-
side must go up in smoke also. Remember
the forests, the fields, and the crops. Re-
member the pipelines and oil storage tanks.
Yes, let it be known to the world that we
shall meet their sophisticated weapons of
violence with the crude and simple flame of
a match. We cannot escape our historical
mission of destiny any more than our op-
pressors can escape the destiny of retribution.
I am informed that Radio Dixie broad-
casts over only a limited area of the
country?as far west as Texas and as far
north as Virginia. It would be an exag-
geration, therefore, to state that these
broadcasts were directly responsible for
the Los Angeles riots.
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Jul 1965
July 1 CONWIESSIONAL RECORD.-APPENDIX
emergency teaching certificate by the State
Which "wili 8,11OW them to take full-time posi-
tions immediately. They will take required
education subjects arid courses in Spanish
literature over a 2-year period.
According to pr. James E? Williams, direc-
tor of the master of arts in teaching program
and the special institute for the refugees,
approximately 10 of the Cubans have already
had interviews arranged for them with school
superintendents in Bergen and Hudson
Counties, Tile others will also be inter-
viewed for teaching positions this summer.
In addition to the master QS arts in teach-
ing program work, the refugees will receive
special instruction in the history of Ameri-
can Public schools, English a,s a foreign lan-
guage (all 26 speak English to varying de-
grees of com.petency), and comparative
clIlture and literature of Cuba and the
United States.
-22vE IN TzeusmcK
The refugees will live in dOrmitories on the
Teaneck campus until September. After
they obtain full-time teaching jobs, their
families will join them.
Dr. Cancio-,Bella, who said he is apersonal
friend of Batista's, was? at various times dur-
ing a 7-year period, Ambassador to Panama,
Costa Rica, Peru, Uruguay, and Chile. He
is as fluent in Franck:1,p Spanish, having
studied at the University of Lyon in France.
He may end up teaching French and Spanish
in some North Jersey high school.
All the refugees were picked by Dr. Wil-
liams and his staff during interviews in
Miami this spring. Approximately 150 per-
Slims were considered,
Raul E. Mencliguita was a civii judge in
Sancti-Spiritus, Cuba, for 26 years before
leaving for exile in the United States. When
he was interviewed in Miami, Mendignita was
working in a tomato-packing plant.
Another former, government official among
the group is Andres Suarez. He was in the
Ministry of Education during Batista's tenure
and joined the Castro regime as assistant
secretary in the Ministry of the Treasury
from January 1, 1959 to October 1960. He be-
came disillusioned with Castro and fled to
Miami by plane in the fall of 1960. He said
he has been doing some freelance writing in
Miami.
Mrs. Olga C. Fuentes, who assisted a pro-
fessor of physiology and genetics in the
Vniversity of Havana, has good reason to
remember the disastrous 33,ay of Pigs inva-
sion in 1961. Her husband was among those
Who landed on the beach. He was captured,
the said, and later exchanged. He works
now in Miami and will join her when she
becomes a teacher in September.
-These four refugees are not optimistic
about returning to Cuba, and they doubt
they would go back now if they could. The
main reason for their reluctance is the
younger generation. They all have children
and the children are thoroughly American-
ized.
Suarez said he was interested in obtain-
ing American citizenship. He said he thinks
his children would find Cuba a strange
country if they returned.
43r. Cancio-Bello has one on studying to
be a doctor at the University of Miami and
another son preparing for a career in chem-
ical engineering. He also has a 13-year-old
daughter. Because his daughter talks only
English now, Dr. Cando-Bello said, he de-
cided to give her lessons in Spanish gram-
mar. He taught her Spanish 1 hour a day
for 6 months,
"I'm 64 years old now," Dr. Cando-Bello
said. "I don't think I could begin again in
Cpa." Tie aim) believes Castro is going to
'be arolind awhile. When Castro does topple
from power ,?there will be violent times in
Cuba, Dr. Cancio-Bello predicted.
Tor the first 10 clays of the institute, the
refugees will meet periodically during the
day with five recent American, college grad-
uates, some of who are also enrolled in the
master of arts in teaching program.
Their job is to help orient the group to
new surrounding and to correct the refugees'
English. Also, the refugees will be taking
some field trips. Tomorrow they will tour
Englewood Junior High School; later in the
week they visit the Madison campus of FDU.
Foreign Aid: Partnership of Industrialized
Nations
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
- HON. ALEC G. OLSON
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, July 1, 1965
Mr. OLSON of Minnesota. Mr. Speak-
er, an article in the March issue of the
Reader's Digest praises foreign aid ef-
forts to help the "have not" countries
and points out that foreign aid is no
longer a U.S. monopoly but a partnership
of industrialized nations which realize
that the peoples of the world must be
responsible for each other if the free
world is to survive.
Two-thirds of the world's population
live in the less-developed countries?
many of which are newly independent
nations that must span centuries of pol-
itical, social, and industrial development
in a few short years. Some of us may
have the impression that only the United
States is meeting this challenge through
foreign assistance. But this no longer so.
Although at one time the United States
was the only country giving major aid,
today we are one of many nations who
feel they have an immense stake in the
process of development in these coun-
tries. Seventeen other free world na-
tions now contribute substantial foreign
assistance to the developing nations.
Total free world aid amounted to $8.1
billion in 1963, the last year for which
figures are available.
As David E. Bell, Administrator of the
Agency for International Development,
pointed out before the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee recently:
U.S. bilateral assistance, including Public
Law 480 arid other economic aid, totals about
.64 percent of our gross national product.
The bilateral aid programs of other donors
total slightly less?.60 percent of combined
gross national product. But U.S. gross na-
tional product per capita is almost 3 times
that of other donor countries. From this
point of view, the relative burden on the citi-
zens of other donor nations is higher.
The United States has been a major
force behind the increased foreign as-
sistance efforts of other donor countries
and we have been pleased with their
response. Bilateral aid commitments of
the developed countries increased by 50
percent from 1960 to 1963 and for the
-first time U.S. bilateral aid, including
Public Law 480, was less than half the
aid to the developing countries. The
U.S. share of multilateral resources now
ranges from 30 percent of World Bank
subscriptions to 43 percent of the ordi-
nary capital of the IDB, while other na-
tions' contributions range from 44 per-
Mit Of World Bank subscriptions to 100
A3489-
percent of the European Economic Com-
munity aid programs.
There is every evidence that other
donor countries will continue to increase
their share. Canada has begun a new
$50 million loan program in addition to
their existing aid programs. The Neth-
erlands recently announced a 20 percent
increase in aid. Loan terms are begin-
ning to ease in order to hasten develop-
ment without imposing prohibitive debt
burdens on recipient nations. The Brit-
ish have decreased their average interest
rates and West Germany has liberalized
its loan maturities. The new Canadian
program will include significantly more
liberal terms than those provided by the
United States.
There is no doubt of the commitment
of other nations to helping to better the
lot of the masses of people in the world
who live in poverty and ignorance. The
magnitude of this human condition, the
Increasing political responsibilities placed
upon the developing nations in inter-
national affairs, and the multiplying
threat of communism to the independ-
ence of their governments makes it man-
datory that the United States and other
advanced countries continue to restate
their commitment.
In this context, I would like to call
attention to the Reader's Digest article
which gives an excellent account of what
other countries are accomplishing by
their commendable foreign assistance
programs:
HANDS ACROSS MANY SEAS
(By James Daniel)
(Noiz.?Foreign aid to have-not nations is
no longer a U.S. monopoly. A progress report
on nation-to-nation help.)
In Guinea, a 600-mile-long aqueduct is be-
ing built to bring pure mountain water to the
crowded capital city of Conakry. In Thai-
land, a dam under construction will provide
25,000 kilowatts of electricity for homes and
industries, besides irrigating thousands of
acres of badly needed farmland. In Pakistan,
buses are rolling through ancient streets
where for centuries-the pace has been set by
bullock carts. In Tanganyika, a recently
completed railroad line is opening up the fer-
tile Kilombera Valley to new sugar planta-
tions.
All these represent foreign aid at work?
but not U.S. foreign aid. This may surprise
many Americans who have come to think
that the United States is alone in giving
economic assistance to other countries The
fact is that many nations are helping other
countries. More than $6 billion a year is now
distributed in government grants and loans
from industrialized nations of the free world
to less developed countries. Of this, 38 per-
cent is contributed by countries other than
the United States.
On a proportional basis, several countries
have equaled or surpassed the United States
in economic assistance. France, for example,
in 1963 extended $1.074 billion in total for-
eign aid (i.e., official governmental aid plus
private investment). This effort was one-
forth as large as the U.S. performance,
though France's production is only one-
eighth as great. In the same year Portugal,
a far poorer country than Prance, devoted a
record 1.89 percent of her gross national
product to official aid alone. Even Belgium
was ahead of the United States, proportion-
ally.
None of this implies that we ought to enter
a foreign-aid competition; nor does it mini-
mize the burden the United States has car-
ried and still carries. On the loan side of
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CONGRESSIONAL RECOEP ? APPENIMX July 1, 1965
reign aid, the 'United States is still the
1 rgest source of easy credit, annually lend-
g more than $1 bition, much of it at
ken interest rates of less than 1 percent.
(5 ther countries have usually priced their
1 ans at 3 to 6 percent, or even 'higher.)
F rthermore, the United States devotes 9.4
p rcent of its gross na,-;ional product to the
ilitary defense of the free world, as com-
p red to 4,7 percent fo:: its allies.
Many of America's allies, however, have
t air full share of dramatic projects. Can-
a, for example, has built and helped fi-
ance the $36 million Warsak hydroelectric
d irrigation development on Pakistan's
abul River, near the historic Khyber Pass.
t present, Canadians have 76 major proj-
e ts underway around the world.
French railroad engineers undertook the
odemization of India's electrical railways.
&sides designing the new system, training
e Indian supervisors, Mechanics, and con-
uctors, France built one-third of the loco-
otives and some of the other equipment.
rack management teams borrowed from the
rench railway system saiv the initial proj-
t through to completion in 3 years?half
e estimated time for a comparable project
Europe. And the work still continues.
Just a decade ago, West Germany was on
e receiving end of economic assistance;
ow she is giving it, to more than 90 nations.
few examples of German aid: an improved
lephone system for South Korea, construe-
on of three irrigatior. dams in Tunisia, ex- -
ansion of port facilities in Ceylon.
One of the causes 'behind the upsurge in
ee-world aid is the economic boom in West-
rn European and North American countries
nd (J'apan. These nations have discovered
hat foreign-aid missions often stimulate
ore sophisticated wants in emerging na-
ions, requiring greater imports from the
ndustrialized countries. Also, with aid pro-
rams former colonial powers maintain their
resence in ex-colonier.
Another cause': late in the 1950's Washing-
on candidly told European allies that the
ime had come for them to spread some of
heir Marshall plan-stimulated prosperity
round among the poorer nations of Asia,
rice, and South America. Besides genuine
oncern over the pont :cal and social dangers
nherent in the widening gap between haves
nd have-nots, Washington was worried over
he nagging imbalance in this country's in-
ernational payments.
To put steel in the U.S. request, Wash-
ngton required that official economic-aid
ollars henceforth be "tied", to purchases
n the United States. This curtailed the use,
y aid-receiving countries, of U.S. gift money
o purchase commercial products from other
ndustrialized countries. The latter, then,
are compelled to increase their own aid
ubstantially to keep 'alp their trade.
One healthy upsho; of the U.S. cajoling
urred in 1961, when Belgium, Britain,
anada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the
etheriands, Portugal, and the United States
ortned the Development Assistance Commit-
ee within the framework of the Organize-
ion for Economic Cooperation and Develop-
ent. Norway joined in 1962, Denmark in
963.: DAC's goals, besides persuading rich
ountries to export more capital to poor ones,
nclucle urging members to avoid wasting aid
n unproductive proj acts, encouraging pri-
ate investment, and making sure that un-
erdeveloped countries are not loaded with
ore debt than they can carry:
DA.C's approach to foreign aid is low
eyed and levelheaded. DAC officials say
that aid is useless unless a receiving country
as trained people, a stable government, and
social system conchicive to working hard
and getting ahead. In particular DAC
bhors prestige projehts designed to flatter
local rulers, such as .steel mills without ore
hastoraers, or cold-war ploys based on
the idea that if the free world doesn't give
country X's dictator a dam the Colrimdflists
will.
The overS11 philosophy is sammed up in
two state= nts. One was by Thorkil Kris-
tensen, economist and former Finance Min-
ister of benmark, who serves as OECD's Sec-
retary General. "Many of the mistakes in
foreign aid,' he told me, "have come from
trying no de the photographable things first
without the necessary advance preparation."
The other statement was from Willard
Thorp, prolessor of economics at Amherst
College, sersing as chairman of DAC. After
noting that certain emerging countries'
rulers wut ;he attainment or enjoyment of
office or the pursuit of more territory ahead
of economic betterment, Thorp said, "At
the outset, for many of these countries, the
most ufefu, thing you could do was to in-
crease theii total number of college gradu-
ates film 5-to 10."
In lipe With the emphasis upon people
ahead ef p ans and money, some of Ameri-
ca's allies are quietly pushing educational
programs. For example, in addition to 1,000
scholarship students from former French
colonieS attending French 'universities, each
year 3400 f tagiaires, or on-the-job trainees,
are brohght to study and work in France, in
sceres ,of occupations ranging from radio
broadcastir g to lighthouse maintenance.
An importrnt objective is to inculcate new
methods. work habits, and attitudes, which
the trainees, on returning home, can pass
along as a way of leavening the apathy of
their propl.t.
One of these stagiaires is Gerard Jerome
Nana, a 22-year-old Camerounian, whom I
intervitwec at the Renault auto works near
Paris. :With five other articulate young Af-
ricans, ;Gerard was putting ,in a 9-hour day
of wor* and study at the plant, taking extra
Saturday (sources, and often devoting his
holidays to working as a mechanic in ga-
rages around Paris for extra cash. Daily
contact with a mOdern industrial society
had given ::lerard an apostle's zeal.
"Take just the matter of getting to work
on time," he told me. "In my country if the
French boss says, 'Everybody be on time to-
morroW so we can get the job done,' the em-
ployece say, `See, our ex-colonial masters are
still trVing to exploit us.' If they only Un-
derstoqd that one man's being late can cut
the output of an entire factory, what a differ-
ence is could make."
Sine tho United States began pushing for
more ou ders to the wheel, 16 other coun-
tries nave instituted or strengthened aid
progratns. As a rough guide, the United Na-
tions t(ugeests that every "have" country
should, devote at least 1 percent of its gross
nationhl product to economic development
in the ,"hrr(e not" countries, in whatever mix
of public r nd private investment it chooses.
Some Of the latest percentages of government
aid anion(' DAC members: Portugal, 1.89;
France, 1f17; Belgium, 0.76; United States,
0.72.'
It is clear that equality of effort among
the induszialized countries is still a far-
off goal. William S. Gaud, Deputy Adminis-
trator of the U.S. Agency for International
Develcipment, said in teatimony before the
House ,Foroign Affairs Committee: "The mere
fact that other industrialized countries are
contrihuti ag more aid each year does not
answet the question of whether they are
doing enough."
In um the United States, having ex-
pende4i more than $100 billion on foreign
aid si ce' World War II, 'would like to see
even inor) participation by its allies. It
would:like them to share the philosophy typi-
fied by A.bert Bougeant?e, participant in
Volunteerr for Progress, the French peace
corps?who is donating 2 years of his life to
a prhiaithe village in steaming equatorial
Africa; "::u this world," Bougeant says, "I
believO thnt we are all a little bit responsible
for on another."
Burundi's Independence Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Os,
HON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, July 1, 1965
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, today
marks the third anniversary of the in-
dependence of the Kingdom of Burundi.
We wish, therefote, to take this oppor-
tunity to extend warm felicitations to
His Majesty Mwami Mwarnbutsa IV;
and the Burundi Ambassador to the
United States, Leon Ndenzako.
The Kingdom of Burundi is a small
country in central Africa which has re-
cently received attention from the
American press. In view of the impor-
tance of contemporary events, we should
give attention here to the history and
political background of this recently
independent state.
Burundi was among the last African
states to come under European influence.
Its first visitor from Europe was John
Banning Speke, who in 1858 traveled
through Burundi in his search for the
headwaters of the Nile. In 1871, Stan-
ley and Livingstone arrived there and
explored the region near the present
port-capital of Usumbura, on Lake
Tanganyika. In E 1885, the German
sphere of influence in Africa was ex-
tended to include the territory of
Burundi. Although the Germans re-
mained there until 1916, the government
remained in the hands of the traditional
authorities.
During the First World War, Burundi
was occupied by Belgian troops; after
the war, the territory was awarded to
the latter as a mandate of the League of
Nations. This status remained un-
changed until after World War II, when
Burundi, with its neighbor to the north,
Rwanda, was made part of a United Na-
tions trust territory under Belgian ad-
ministration. Throughout the period of
Belgian control, the traditional authori-
ties also retained their positions. Dur-
ing the latter years, however, the Bel-
gians sponsored an extensive economic
development program.
By 1961, the people of Burundi had
demonstrated their political maturity
and responsibility by holding peaceful
national elections.
Plans for independence were com-
pleted; with neither a political revolution
nor a social upheaval, Burundi became a
self-governing Si,ate, ruled as of old by
the King, or Mwami, and his advisers.
The Government, however, was now pat-
terned on Western constitutional democ-
racies rather than on old tribal organi-
zations. On the 1st of July, 1962, the
territory of Urundi became the independ-
ent kingdom of Burundi.
Today Burundi, under the leadership
of its King, Mwambutsa IV, finds itself
in a difficult political and economic situ-
ation. Improvements in medicine and
sanitation have created a serious threat
of overpopulation in the small country;
this situation has been made more serious
by the considerable influx of refugees
from neighboring countries.
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June 9, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
part of the State mental health plan which it
submits to the. Public Realtla Service an-
nually under title III of the Public Ileaath
Service Act. ,
Section 4(c) provides that the Secretary
may approve any State plan Which conforms
substantially with section 4(a), and may not
disapprove any plan without reasonable no-
tice and opportunity for a hearing.
Section 5(a) provides for the form and
content of specific applications for grants
pursuant to approved State plans, and al-
lows joint applications by States, subdivi-
sions, and private nonprofit organizations
working on joint projects. Requires that the
application shall describe the site, the proj-
ect plari, and shall contain various assur-
ances.
Section 5(b) provides that the Secretary
may approve any specific application filed
under section 105(a) if it conforms to the
regulations and State plan.
Section 6 allows grants to be in advance
or by way of reimbursement and in such
installments and, on such conditions as the
Secretary finds necessary. Provides further
that amounts paid are limited to two-thirds
of the construction cost.
Section 7 provides for cntoff of funds by
the Secretary when he iiirids that a State
agency is not living up to the terms of the
grant. .
Section 8 provides for appropriate recovery
by the United States if, Within 20 years, the
facility is sold to any nonprofit organization
or ceases to he used for the purpose for
which it was constructed, _
Section 9 provides judicial review in. the
courts of appeals for clis,satisfied States.
Section 10 authorizes the Secretary to ap-
point committees_ as he deems it necessary.
Section 11 4ees terms.. Drug abuser is
defined broadly, to insure inclusion of those
who use barbiturates, amphetamines, and
other dangerous drugs, as well as the opiates.
"Facilities" are defined as "buildings or other
facilities which are operated for the primary
? purpose of assisting in the treatment and
rehabilitation of drug abusers by providing,
under competent professional supervision,
detoxification or pt,her medical treatment,
physical therapy, family counseling, psycho-
therapy, vocational services, help in finding
employment, or other services." "Facilities"
include facilities for medical care, labora-
toriee,. community clinics, halfway houses,
sheltered workshops. "Construction" in-
cludes_ not only any new building but also
acquisition, expansion, remodeling, and al-
teration of existing buildings, and payment
of architect's fees. "construction" specifi-
cally does not include the cost of offsite
improvements and acquisitions of land,
,
PROMOTING "I'RE .TWO-PARTY _
SYSTEM
(Mr. W,AI4c.F0 of Mississippi asked
and was given permission to address the
House far 1. minute and to revise and ex-
tend llis remarks.) ,
Mr. WALKER of Mississippi. Mr.
Speaker, it is most gratifYing to me to
see the election of two RePnblican may-
ors and several aldermen and council-
men in Mississippi. I am grateful to
every candidate who gave his time and
his eriergiea to promote better local gov-
ernMent in our State through the two-
party system. These candidates have
Made a great contribution for the bene-
fit of the people of Mississippi by offer-
ing them a distinct ChoiCeIn solving the
problems of local governMent.
As a latecomer to the Republican
Party, I can speak from experience. It
No.1,01 ; 6
Is hard to make a complete change in
your political party after a hundred years
of family tradition. But, as time goes
on, and as more and more Republican
candidates are elected to office, we will
certainly see a greater number of citi-
zens openly favoring the Republican
Party and the principle of two-party
government.
The entire principle of the two-party
system is that the party of the minority
assumes the responsibility of keeping
elected officials in check. This, to me, is
the only way we can be assured of hav-
ing an honest and upright government.
The results of yesterday's elections in
Mississippi represent further proof that
the two-party system in my State, as well
as the entire South, is here to stay. I
am most happy to extend my heartiest
congratulations to these successful Re-
publican candidates, and to offer assist-
ance in any way that I can.
Since 1963, the Republican Party and
the two-party system have been making
strong gains. The first Republican
State representative since Reconstruc-
tion was elected in Meridian, Miss, in
1963 and the Republican candidate for
Governor polled nearly 40 percent of the
vote. ,
. Since that time, our State has elected
a Republican Congressman, several Re-
publican State legislators, and a Repub-
lican coroner in the State's largest city.
Now, with the 1965 municipal elections
the two party system made a historic
strike at the grassroots level. Elected
for mayor in Hattiesburg, Miss, was
Paul E. Grady, a young conservative at-
torney, and in Columbus, Mr. R. D. Har-
mond, a former city councilman and
Democrat turned Republican was elected
as mayor.
Other local officials who won election
on the Republican ticket were: Mr. H. F.
McCarty, Jr., of Magee, Mr. M. L. Brown
and Mr. Pat Millis of D'Lo, Mr. Dorsey
Hill and Mr. H. T. Miller, Jr., of Drew,
and Mr. Lloyd Kilpatrick of Hollandale.
We are particularly pleased with the
Mayors vote in Hattiesburg and Colum-
bus, two of Mississippi's largest cities. It
is predicted that these victories will have
a tremendous impact on our State and
Pave the way for further victory increases
In county as well as statewide elections.
We feel that this is a stepping stone
toward electing conservative Republi-
cans in all future municipal elections. It
has been claimed by many liberals over
the Nation that the conservative Re-
publican mbvement in the South has
made its gains strictly on the race issue.
This is not at all the case. I am pleased
to report that these campaigns in Mis-
sissippi were strictly decided on the issue
of conservative Republicans versus Dem-
ocrats, and in no incident was the race
issue used in the campaign. in: j.....t
COMMUNIST CUBA 'IRIES TO
EXPAND U.N. INFLUENCE
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGHRS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
;? -
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12471
er, Communist Cuba has applied for
membership in Intergovernmental Mar-
itime Consultative Organization. This
group is a technical consulting section
of the United Nations, and is composed
of the major shipping nations of the
world.
U.N. Secretary General U Thant has
asked the State Department to consider
Cuba's application before the IMCO
meeting to be held in London beginning
June 15-18. The State Department is
now considering Cuba's request, and will
send representatives to London shortly.
Communist Cuba has no business
whatsoever in this organization. Cuba
Is a dictatorship. Cuba has said it will
abide by IMCO recommendations only
when it suits her purposes. In short,
Castro says he will not give IMCO much
cooperation.
? We know that Castro is not very co-
operative when it comes to shipping.
Recall that on February 22, 1963, Cuban
Migs fired rockets on an unarmed
shrimp boat out of Fort Myers, Fla.,
when she was drifting in the interna-
tional waters of the Caribbean. Recall
also that an American-awned Liberian
ship was fired upon in the international
waters of the Caribbean on October 22,
1963, by Cuban craft.
Castro's record is hardly one of coop-
eration. It is a record of harassment
and outright aggression.
I urge that the State Department
vigorously protest the admission of
Communist Cuba to the IMCO group.
BILL TO AMEND TITLE II OF
THE WATER RESOURCES RE-
SEARCH ACT
(Mr. ASHLEY asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. ASHLEY. Mr. Speaker, last year
the Congress passed the Water Resources
Research Act of 1964 to meet the need
for widespread research on a variety of
urgent problems connected with the sup-
ply, conservation, and use of water, ever
increasing quantities of which are re-
quired by our exploding population to
meet new industrial, domestic, and rec-
reational demands, as well as for the
age-old production of food and fibers.
The Water Resources Research Act of
1964 established three grant programs.
The first was to help finance the cost of
water resources research centers at land-
grant colleges in each State. The sec-
ond program provided matching funds
to assist States in carrying out specific
water research projects approved by the
Department of the Interior. The third
program authorized grants or contracts
by the Secretary of the Interior for re-
search problems connected with the De-
partment's responsibilities.
While an impressive start has already
been made under the 1964 act, there is
considerable evidence that the water re-
search program should not be confined
to institutes which are a part of the land-
grant educational institution system, ex-
cellent as these organizations are. For
this reason, Mr. Speaker, I am joining
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CONG SSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE June 9, 1965
three of my House colleagues in sponsor-
ing amendments -,o the 1964 act which
authorize the Secretary of the Interior
tp make grants, contracts, or other ar-
fingements with educational Institu-
tions,, private foundations, or with pri-
vate firms and individuals whose train-
ing, experience, and qualifications are
adequate for the conduct of water re-
search projects, as well as with local,
State, or Federal agencies. The legisla-
tion which ,I am introducing also in-
creases the authorization for water re-
search to $5 million in fiscal 1966, in-
creasing $1 million annually for 5 years
and continuing at $10 million annually
thereafter. The amounts provided in
?the act of 1964 were limited to $1 million
annually for 10 years and required that
arrangements lir der this Program be
submitted to the Senate and House Inte-
rior Committees, which would have 60
days to disapprove them. Under the bill
Introduced today, this veto power would
alo be eliminated.
rider the limited appropriations made
Mailable for fiscal 1965, some 43 States
submitted detailed applications for funds
for water research projects in their land-
grant institutio as. Fourteen centers
VinTe selected out of the 43 applicants.
A summary of the nine major categories
of projects that 1 ave been submitted for
conSideration makes dramatically clear
the need for the legislation which I have
introduced and for continued support of
a broad program Of research of our
w tater resources:
cArscc,rats Or WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
First. Nature of water.
Second:Water cycle?including pre-
cipitation; snow, ice, and permafrost;
eVaporation and transpiration; streams
and lakes, ground water and hydroge-
ology; oceanic influences; and forecast-
ing.
- Third. Water and land management?
Including water movernent in soils; water
and plants; watershed protection; water-
yield improvement; erosion and sedimen-
tation; upstream flood abatement; ir-
rigation; and drainage.
?Fourth. Development and control?in-
cluding water supply; flood control?
downstream; 115 dropower ; navigation;
urban and industrial water-use prob-
lems; recreation; fish and wildlife; estu-
arine oceanography; coastal engineering.
Fifth. Qualitiative aspects?including
characterization of wastes; effects of pol-
lution on water uses; interactions of
Wastes; disposal of waste effluents; sur-
face interactions; effects of development
on quality; quality characteristics; and
aqueous solutions.
Sixth. Reuse and separation?includ-
ing saline-water conversion advanced
Waste treatment: improved treatment of
Wastes; treatment of water; and use of
water of impaired civality.
Seventh. Hear ornic and institutional
dSpects?iricluding role of water in
growth, econom cs Of development and
manageMent; economie analysis of in-
Stitutions; area f,ppraisals.
? F.,ighth. Engineering systems?includ-
ing design; materials; and construction,
oPeration and m aintenance.
Ninth. Illanpower and research facil-
ities?inchicling education and training;
and research facilities.
mrrt PRODUCTS MtN-
TitoICATION ACT
(Ur. KORNEGAY asked and was giv-
en permission to extend his remarks at
this point in the RECORD..)
Mr. :KORNEGAY. Mr. Speaker, the
Preside at has signed into law one of the
first legislative accomplishments in the
adminiiltration campaign to advance the
interest s of the American consumer.
I refr to the final Enactment of an
amendment to the Textile Fiber Products
Identification Act which will permit iden-
tification of fibers present in textile prod-
ucts in quantities of 5 percent or less.
This amendment will serve to benefit
not on y those people whose livelihoods
depend on the strength and growth of the
textile industry, but the national econ-
omy as a whole.
Its primary beneficiary will be the
American consumer and purchaser of
modern textile products. As formerly
framed, the Textile Fiber Products Iden-
tification Act prohibited mention of fibers
when -hey were not present in textile
producs in quantities of more than 5 per-
cent. Advancing textile technology
made this section of the law an ana,chro-
nisrn which impeded the consumer's
right to know regarding the quality a
textile products purchased.
lit was clear that this anachronism of
the law was harmful to -.lie general econ-
omy and to the growth of our modern
textile industry. Action to remedy this
defect and to update the law was needed.
This was recognized by interested admin-
istration spokesmen and agencies?in-
cluding the President's adviser on con-
suMer affairs, Mrs. Esther Peterson?all
of Whcm endorsed passage of this legis-
lation after it was introduced.
4.1org with my distinguished colleague
from North Carolina, Senator B. EVERETT
Jam , who sponsored the amendrirent
in the Senate, I am glad to have been in-
strumental in initiating and advancing
passage into law of this legislation, so
vital tp the people of ray home area.
tlut of equal, if not greater importance,
I am especially pleased that this amend-
ment does indeed represent one of the
first legislative acts implementing the
President's consumer interest campaign.
It will serve to encourage and strengthen
the growth of one of our Nation's most
iropor ant economic segments, the textile
industry?and thus, our economy as a
whole
UNDE R SECRETARY OF HEALTH,
pDITCATION, AND WELFARE 'MIL-
Stilt J. coETL/N ritzavErts COM-
\TCEIVIIMIT ADIMESS AT STATE
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE AT CORT-
LAND
(Ma. STRATTON asked and was given
permimion to extend his remarks at this
pdint and include a speech.)
Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, last
Sunday the distinguished new Under
Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare, Wilbur J. Cohen, delivered the com-
mencement address at our State Uni-
vessit f College at Cortland, N.Y., in my
congressional district. It was a most im-
pressive occasion and a very splendid ad-
dress.
Approved For Releas
Cortland is one Of the outstanding,
rapidly growing parts of New York's
State University, with a magnificent
campus and a fine, able faculty. It has
had a great history, and under the lead-
ership of its new president, Dr. Kenneth
E. Young, it will make even more
brilliant strides in the future. Surely
Cortland College is making this area of
upstate New York a great educational
center, as well as a great industrial, ag-
ricultural, and tourist center.
In these circumstances, Secretary
Cohen's address was most appropriate
and most favorably received, as it out-
lined the increasingly important em-
phasis being placed on educational
achievement by our Government.
In order to bring Secretary Cohen's ad-
dress to the attention of my colleagues,
I include it at this point as a portion of
my remarks:
EDUCATION IN THE GREAT SOCIETY
(By Wilbur J. Cohen, Under Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare)
A long time ago, long before the class of
1966 was even born. I had the good fortune
to go to college. I was aware that it wits
good fortune, because those were the days,
in 1930, when most fortunes in this country
had crashed P:'ecipitously with the stock
market, and parents and young people like
myself were shaken by the great wave of ap-
prehension that swept over the country.
I new that I was lucky. I was the first
in my inCinediate family to go to college.
Many of my high school friends were finan-
cially unable to go. But I must say that I
didn't have as much trouble getting into
and out of college as most young people have
today. There were no college boards, no
SATS, no really formidable competition. A
high school graduate just presented him-
self, finances permitting. If his high school
record was less than impressive, some col-
leges were willing to offer a second chance.
Often there were more spaces than qualified
applicants anyway, and many colleges were
frankly happy to have enough students to
teach.
My first 2 years were spent in an institu-
tion which no longer exists?the Experi-
mental College of the University of Wiscon-
sin. Some of the students of education
have probably read about it. The college
was the brainchild of Alexander Meikle-
john?the prearient of Amherst College and
one of the great teachers of this Nation.'
A philosopher and an ardent advocate of
freedom, Dr. N:eiklejohn believed that edu-
cation itself aiould be free?literally free.
It should be -freely sought and freely given.
He had the idea that young people were so
hungry and thirsty for knowledge that if
you set out the feast they would come and
devour it of their own free will. He believed
that learning provided its own reward, and
failure to learn was its own adequate punish-
ment. His ideal was the Greek ideal of ex-
cellence.
The college was established to test this
idea in a 2-year undergraduate curriculum.
I happened to be there at that time, and for
that I also count myself fortunate.
Prom my point of view, the experiment
succeeded. Within 5 years, Dr. Meiklejohn
proved his contention that students did, in
fact, learn as well in a free environment as
in the traditional atmosphere of discipline
and authority.
He encountered enormous administrative
difficulties.
But the greatest difficulties were not ad-
ministrative. They stemmed from the fact
that this approach to learning?familiar as
it was (since it was based on the ancient
Socratic tradition), and effective as it was
proved?was nevertheless completely alien
2003/09/26: CIA-RDP67600446R000500080005-4
Approved For Release 2003/09/26 : CIA-RDP671300446R000500080005-4
Octy 25, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX A2641
General Life, the Fidelity Mutual Life, Mas-
sachusetts Mutual Life, the 'Mutual Life In-
an.rance Co. of New York, New England Mu-
tual Life, the Penn gutual Life Insurance,
h.oenlx Mutual Life, Provident Mutual Life
Insurance Co. of Philadelphia, and the
Travelers Insurance Co.
,????????=1M01?1411.1NIMmod:fr...
Castro's Subversion in the United
States?Part II
=TENSION OF RtMARK
Or
HON. CRAIG HOSMER
ol cALtrosisrni
IN THE HOUSE co? REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 25, 1965
- Mr: HOSIER. Speaker, part II
of the two part series of the American
Security Council's Washington Report
dealing with the subject of Castro's sub-
Version in the United States written by
DeWitt S. Copp is reproduced below.
Part I will be found on an earlier page in
:this Appendix.
The article follows:
[From. the American Security Council's
Washington Report, May 24, 1965]
ViisraO's SITBVERSION IN THE UNITED STATES
Ata recent State Department briefing on
Toatin American affairs, the briefing officer
concluded his remarks with the observation
that' the Communists had a chance to make
a show case out of Cuba but they have failed
Miserably. This cOnclusion was first Offered
by President' Kennedy 3 years ago and it re-
mains today as the accepted State Depart-
tent attitude toward Castro and Cuba.
Such an attitude fails to take into account
that communism has never been a social or
economic success anywhere; but as a show
case from which to spread subversion, it has
done admirably?and Cuba is an excellent
example.
Our Washington report of last week illus-
trated the point by outlining the activities
of the Cuban General Directorate of Intelli-
fence. However, Castro's greatest success
against the United States has been fn the`
area of agitation and propaganda. Almost
all his fieldworkers here are 17.. citizens.
They are citizens who follow the 'Moscow,
Peiping, or Trotskyite line. They range all
the way from hardline Cominunists to soft-
line dupes. A 2-year investigation by the
Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security
into the aotivities and membership of the
how defunct Pair Play for Cuba Committee,
organized in April 1960, proved that PPCC
had been heavily infiltrated by known Com-
munists and fellow travelers.
Despite state Department's issuance of
travel restrictions to Cuba on January 16,
1961, many FPCC members traveled illegally
to Havana and, upon their return to this
country, gave lecturers extolling the Castro
regime.
One of these was James Jackson, a member
Of the National Committee of the Commu-
nist Party, U.S.A. Jean Pestana, Rose Ros-
enberg, and Helen Travis?all identified as
communists in sworn, testimony before the
I-louse Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties?were indicative pf the Cuban guest list
Which, riumlaered b vce,ss of /50 U.S. citi-
zens Ova". tf2.-year period.
The FPCd was, by any fair definition, a
Commu.nist front. Ito effect on the Ameri-
can public was negligible. But through its
activities and tile close contacts some of its
, members fornied with the Castro regime,
there grew up around it other more militant
groups. The most important of these was
the Progressive Labor Movement.
PLM was organized in January 1962. Its
president, Milton 'loosen, and vice president,
Mortimer Scheer, had both been expelled
from the Communist Party for disruptive
activities. In December 1962, PLM at-
tempted to send a group of "students" to
Cuba and failed because the Canadian Gov-
ernment refused. clearance to a Cuban plane
to pick them up. A year and a half later,
PLM succeeded.
On June 25, 1963, 59 so-called students,
ranging in age from la to 36, left for Cuba in
defiance of the State Department ban on
such travel, They traveled to Cuba via Paris,
Prague, and Havana. All expenses, includ-
ing traniportation and living expenses while
' in Cuba, were paid for by the Cuban Gov-
ettunent. Each traveler donated to PLM's
Permanent ` Student Committee for Travel
to Cuba $110. The air fare alone cost the
Castro reigme $30,000.
While in Cuba, a number of the "students"
made statements attacking U.S. policies, par-
ticularly in the field of civil rights and aid
to South Vietnam. Some of these state-
ments were beamed around the world and
reprinted in Communist publications.
In June 1964, the Student Committee for
Travel to Cuba arranged air transportation
to Cuba for 84 "students." Overall direc-
tion appears to have been supplied by Lee
Coe, west coast editor of PLM publications.
Prior to his association with PLM, Coe was
active for over 20 years with the Communist
Party, U.S.A. This time not only did the
Castro government pay for the entire trip,
but it also gave each visitor $10 a week
spending money.
The leader of the "student" contingent was
Edward Lemansky, who has identified him-
self "as a member of the Progressive Labor
Movement, which is a Communist organiza-
tion, a Communist movement."
An indication of why Castro has been will-
ing to pay out in excess of $75,000 to bring
certain U.S. citizens to Cuba may be seen in
the declaration signed by 61 of the "stu-
dents" while they were in Cuba. The decla-
ration said in part: "We, the undersigned
young North Americans visiting Cuba, offer
these statements of support for the people
of South Vietnam in their just fight for lib-
eration from the imperalist oppression di-
rected by our Government. Today our Gov-
ernment is unleashing one of the most brutal
and criminal wars in history. All over the
world?in Spain and Portugal, in South Af-
rica and Latin America?the United States
supports racist and reactionary regimes which
oppress the people, and that the intransi-
gence of U.S. imperialism forces the people
to take up arms in order to gain and defend
their liberty." The essence of this declara-
tion was widely broadcast throughout the
world.
On April 15, 1965, Milton Rosen, PLM pres-
ident, announced the founding convention of
a new Communist Party paralleling the
Chinese Communist line; 110 delegates at-
tended the New York meeting. A declaration
proposed by the PLM national steering com-
mittee said in part: "The most hated govern-
ment in the world today is the Government
of our country * * * the initials U.S.A., which
once stood for hope, have replaced the
crooked cross of Nazi Germany as the symbol
of tyranny and death."
One of PLM's vice presidents and its Har-
lem leader is William Epton, arrested last
August after the Harlem race riots on charges
of advocating criminal anarchy.
PI= .4413. three DM= 1,12 New York City
and boast?of six others scattered across the
country, one in Berkeley, Calif. PLM pub-
lishes leaflets, booklets, and a quarterly mag-
azine, and it expects to bring out a weekly
soon, Its plain political thrust is aimed at
disrupting civil rights progress and stirring
racial hatred. Its members were active in the
recent Berkeley campus revolt and they can
be expected to be active in similar undertak-
ings on other campuses.
Victor Riese' in a recent column quoted a
top Government security official as saying:
"They (PLM) are a very successful and mili-
tant band of young revolutionaries and have
had ample money since the first day they
went into business * * *. They don't just
pass resolutions. They're zealously working
for a revolution." The question is how much
of their financial support is coming from
Cuba?
The pro-Castro pro-Peiping Communist
movement in the United States has its man
in Havana. He is Robert F. Williams. In
May 1959, Williams was removed from his
position as head of the Union County, N.C.,
branch of the NAACP for advocating violence
as a means to gain social justice for his race.
In August 19,61, he fled the country following
a racial clash which he instigated in Monroe,
N.C., and on October 3, 1961, the Castro gov-
ernment granted him political asylum. Since
then, he has been spouting racial hatred
while offering instructions in terror tactics
on his program "Radio Free Dixie" broadcast
over Radio Havana and beamed into the
Southern States. Williams also writes a
monthly pamphlet called the Crusader.
Every edition is devoted to the hatred of and
the eventual revolutionary overflow of the
white man. Publication and distribution
costs apparently are taken care of by the
Cuban regime.
Lest anyone dismiss Williams as just an-
other fanatical rabble rouser, it should be
noted that when he traveled to Red China in
August 1963, he was not only greeted by Mao
Tse-tung and other high-ranking ChiCom
officials, but Mao also chose that time to
make his first official policy pronouncement
in 6 years. As a result of his statement, Mos-
cow charged that Peiping was guilty of racism
and was "trying to set the colored races
against the whites."
In the winter of 1963, followers of Williams
organized the Revolutionary Action Move-
ment (RAM). Today, they have branches in
six key cities It is they who distribute the
Crusader and maintain direct contact with
Williams. Some of them made the trip to
Cuba in the summer of 1964.
When they returned, recruitment was
stepped up. They are known to have infil-
trated the Black Muslims and the Malcolm X
group. RAM's fronts include the Afro-
American Youth Council, the Afro-American
Student Organization, and in Detroit they
set up UHURU, which means freedom in
Swahili.
RAM's manifesto advocates organized vio-
lence and the -formation of guerrilla bands.
Alined with PLM, it follows the theories
and tactics of the Chinese Communists. Its
present membership is small and selective
and it refers to itself "as a movement com-
posed of hardcore, young, intelligent, mili-
tant Afro-Americans seeking worldwide black
revolution."
Until recently, the Communists chains of
command could be traced directly from the
Kremlin to the party here. Today, whether
It be the recently formed W. E. B. DuBois
Clubs taking their cue from Moscow, or the
Progressive Labor movement taking its from
Peiping, the impetus and driving force for
both is channeled out of Cuba. Politically,
financially, psychologically, militarily?Ha-
vana is the directing center for a major
share of the Communist agitation and prop-
aganda in the United States. It is the se-
cured outpost of .h_oth Moscow and Peiping
in our hemisphere.
In. the aggregate, we can say the threat to
our own security from Castro himself is non-
existent. However, he is the agent of a world
force that does threaten our survival. As
Its agent, his followers have been at work
here; they are at work now. Because our
security agencies are competent to handle
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GRE SIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
ehu tg Hee Park, President of the
Republic of Korea
EXTENSION OF REMARItS
CON
mitt as PLM and Rk/VI is no cause to ignore
4
tnem If nothing Else, they prove the folly
?t ?sionsidering Castro,a failure. It is we who
Wijthave failed if we allow him to perpetuate
his regime, treating it as a nuisance and not
a g4ritline and continuing threat to the entire
hernisphere.
'Amazing Grace,' i New Book by Robert
Drake
EXTENsicisf OP REMARKS
Os,
HON. ROBERT A. EVERETT
OF TIENNT.SgEt
IN THE HOUSE Jr ilt-ThEsENTATIVES
Monday, May 17, 1965
,ltfr. EVERETT. Mr. Speaker, Paul
Plowers has written an outstanding coi-
tal= for many years In a great newspaper
in the Nation, the Commercial Appeal.
In his column of Tuesday morning,
May 11, he prverly describes a new
Iktblication, "Amazing Grace," by Rob-
ert Drake, of Rig ley, Tenn.
This column is so outstanding that I
thought it should be brought to the at-
tention of the Congress. The article
follows:
PA:CL, Prl.c1NERSY eiREENHoust
?Pfailtafew-Midssouth anthor.
Robert Drake was born in 1930, and blessed
With childhood In Ripley, Tenn. He is a
Member of the English faculty at University
Of Texas; arid enjoys close associations in
Wleinphis, particularly With Dr. and Mrs.
garattef Paster.
litoOk; "Amazing Grace," is a pleasant
tillectien 'of nostalgic sketches about child-
ed in a West Tennessee town, with the tra-
tfonal'enibeillihnielit of involved family re-
tionslups, and -fillips based on the idio-
crasies of small town characters.
. Drake took his title from an old
hymn, a?li th?i' IsR` strong thread of west
-Vennessee religious life running through the
:"iitigriett6.' It appeatb to be overwhelmingly
-RAztoblogisaphical; certainly the author has a
photograPhic memory for faces, scenes, sit-
uations and people, and he is preoccupied
With the ,religious life of the community and
neighboring plaaes.
'Under the tit.e "The Fountain Filled With
ISIS/0d," he traces the misgivings and doubts
,f0f, a small boy, pledged for baptism in the
'Methodist faith, but disturbed by divergent
theologies and customs of communicants in
dither "011tirches. arid other forms of baptism.
rgelaptiir- (a einotions of country and
' Man town funerals, dinners-on-the-grounds,
__ Singing bonVentions; his description of a
coamtry 'store makes quite real the odors
Of ate' oil, fatback, and roasted coffee beans.
? His 'dedicator' is to Donald Davidson,
Austin Warren, "Evangelist," and
Ofeantla-HroWle:,-"ApOStle."
_ e airelieeli-n'fieSpient visitor to Mem-
phis. H1C comes from Chilton
Books, Philadelphia, at $3,95.
e c(ustLiackin'erefrto the contents as
s storieS, ' but rii-dre- rroTterly they should be
called 'Sfref/dh-esOr Vignettes, unless the read-
er can 'accept the modern concept of the
short story, which avoids plot and denoue-
ment.
Mr. Drake's f)eri is facile, his eye and ear
keen, his feeling intense, and his style brisk.
The book should have intense appeal to all ;
old eri6tign to remember small town life,
the incidents of birth, death, courtship and
rtiarriage, race relaticins, school, family plc-
flies, church socials, and revivals.
OF
HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
Cr NEW TORN
r HOUSE OF REPRESENTATTVEB
Wednesday, May 12, 1965
r. MURPHY of New York. Mr.
Sp ak( r, under leave to extend my re-
marks in the RECORD, I include the f 01-
1oWing
3peaker, on Monday, May 17, 1965,
Piesid nit Chung Hee Park of the Repub-
lic of fiouth Korea visited with President
Johnson. The high esteem in which
President Park is held not only in this
count] y, but throughout the free world,
is graphically illustrated by the New
York Herald Tribune editorial of May
19; 1935. Under the leave to extend my
reinarks in the RECORD, I include the
editorial:
A KOREAN REPRESENTATIVE
President Park, now visiting the United
States, represents many things. He is, above
alt, the symbol of a state, South Korea,
which proved that a massive Communist on-
sittught can be thrown back. The symbol
staid both as a warning to Red China and
as a source of encouragement to South Viet-
rilarn, the United States, and their allies.
And President Park is evidence that, once
independence is secured, a war-torn Asian
country is capable of impressive political
aci economic progress. Though his critics
are numerous, most must agree that the
Powe he holds today is derived from free
(Sections. And though the economic prob-
lems are still great, the support of the
United States, now being reinforced by Ja-
pan, has opened an encouraging future.
The cost of answering the Communist at-
tack on South Korea, 15 years ago June 25.
was great. The fruits of that victory were
grea ? too.
Physical accomplishment is often the
Measure of a man's leadership as well
as tie country's progress. The following
arti lie from the New York Times of May
19, 1965, indicates what hard work and
hound leadership can do for a people
who want to live in a free society:
YEA' t. OF HARD WORK?YOUNG COUNTRY WITH
0 D HISTORY MARES PROGRESS; KOREA-
UNITED STATES RELATIONS
On January 16, 1965, President Chung Hee
Part stated in his new year message to the
National Assembly that "the accumulated
, dirt of the past 20 years, which have been
ape at in confusion and stagnation, should be
? overcome and scoured, and it is time that we
, yolk real hard." This year, the fourth year
of the first 5-year economic development
, plan; he designated "the year of hard work."
The political, economic, and social circum-
stances of Korea had been very insecure in
th( past, as attested to by the two revolu-
tio as of April 19, 1960, and May 16, 1961.
But with the establishment of the Third
Re?ublic, stability has been recovered and
th:ngs are now beginning to move ahead.
'? The greatest problem encountered in the
5-;'ear economic development plan was the
question of capital shortage. But with co-
operation of friendly nations, sufficient for-
eign capital loans have been acquired and
investment goods have begun to flow in.
Furthermore, sufficient energy resources
inch as electricity, coal, and petroleum have
bE en secured to support industrial develop-
May 25, 1965
ment. Thus the base for fruitful work has
been laid.
For this year of hard work the Republic of
Korea has established increased production,
more experts, and greater construction, as
her goal.
To support this, many important projects
are being carried out. The following is a
summary of these plans:
? PRODUCTION
Snair-iieicent 'of the population depends
on agriculture for living. In order not to
perpetuate the "intolerable contradiction"
that food shortages persist despite such cir-
cumstances, the farmland, with an area of
5,020,000 acres, or about 20.6 percent of the
area of the country, will be further, ex-
panded. Through farm improvement and
technical extension programs, self-sufficiency
in food grain will be achieved.
To this end, the Government has estab-
lished a 7-year grain production plan, and
has allocated 3 billion won ($11,700,000)
to help finance it. Through technical:guid-
ance, the utilization of farmland will be im-
proved, and through improved irrigation and
other aids the unit yield will be raised. Also
more upland will be bench-terraced, and
tidal land will be further reclaimed, thus
expanding land under cultivation and in-
creasing grain supply.
In addition, the plan provides for adequate
domestic production of fertilizer, agricul-
tural pesticides, farm tools, and fishing
equipment to help increase agricultural and
fisheries production. In mining and manu-
facturing, coal; output will be 10 million tons,
about double the 1960 level, electricity will
quadruple to 770,000 kilowatts, and cement
will increase fourfold to 2,120,000 metric tons.
Sheet glass production is scheduled to triple
to 600,000 boxes, and other major products
will also be expanded. Also articles of daily
necessity, including bicycles and sewing ma-
chines, will expand four to six times over
1960 level.
EXPORT
Korea depends highly on imports for con-
sumables, equipment and machinery, and
industrial raw materials. Compared to the
great import requirements, exports amounted
to a neglightle $20 to $30 million a year, the
principal export having been tungsten and
a few ether commodities.
Fortunately, owing to a concerted national
effort Korea was able to expand exports
greatly in 1961?to about four times the $32
million attained in 1960, thus achieving a
record $120 million.
This year the target has been raised to $170
million, and efforts will be made to export
more and more manufactured articles. Thus
by 1967 at least $300 million in foreign ex-
change will be earned through exports, and
the aims at exporting $1 billion worth a year
within 10 years.
CONSTRUCTION
For promoting production and exports, var-
ious new factories to support industrial ac-
tivities will be built. The nation's resources
will be systematically developed by carrying
on coordinated programs for construction of
powerplants, transport and communications
facilities, housing, and so forth.
Two powerplants now under construc-
tion will be completed this year and power
supply will increase to 111,000 kilowatt-
hours. In addition, three new powerplants
will be built. Also cement production will
be raised, and the fifth cement factory of the
country will be completed by the end of the
year.
Korea's shird and fourth fertilizer plants
will be built with the aim of achieving self-
sufficiency in fertilizer.
Railway transportation, ports and harbors,
shipping a.nd other transport facilities will
be expanded and the communications net-
work enla::ged. Thus construction projects
will progress actively in many directions.
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' ?
;
May
power.
on Ma
just, a
elimim
educat
not on
equiprx
25, 1965 .
Robots are causing a new emphasis
's eyes to measure, Ills hands to ad-
d his mind to select. They cannot
te, however, the requirement for alert,
d, and trained men. Machines do
ate, they only duplicate. Automatic
ent does not think, it follows orders.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX A2633
time. We wk pay again unless we learn
from the lespons of history. Peaceful co-
existence is a notle ideal but about as prac-
tical under idea's world conditions and by
the Soviet de nition as total disarmament.
There seems to be some difference of opin-
ion as to why we are in South Vietnam.
Here is my ooini. in. We are there to fulfill
the terms of a contractual obligation. We
are there beOuas, we were invited by the
South Vietnamese to create a climate for
political selftdetermination. We are there
in the interest of :150 million southeast Asians
and in our self-interest. We are there be-
cause our Gewernment feels it is 'oetter to
fight in Vietnam than in Hawaii, Alaska, or
the west coast of the mainland. This is an-
other inning in an overtime ball
It is important that we recognize this fact
of life. We are cot in southeast Asla to im-
pose democracy nor should we be, _ Repre-
sentative democracy is never imposed from
without. It must develop and grow from
within. 0114 di c tatorships and monarchies
are made. Ilepresentative democracy is an
institution or pclitical noonday. It is not
the half-light of 'rolitical dawn.
Having been 11. southeast Asia recently, I
do not share the :ressimism of some. I found
our military per mnnel ready to undertake
whatever assignn.ent was given them in the
Interest of freedcna. If the politicians make
the right declaims, and at the moment they
are in my jUdgm ent, I have no fear of the
ultimate outcom e. Planned escalation is
winning the war. It should be continued
and accelerated if found necessary.
There is a emal minority in Congress and
elsewhere whio ac vacate a negotiated settle-
ment of the War n Vietnam. This would be
an exercise l futility. It might help them
to remember that we are in a negotiated situ-
ation at this tim3. Based upon past experi-
ence, the enetny would propose as a basis for
settlement a Foal tion government similar to
the Laos-Troika. This crumbling monument
to our naiveness is not calculated to serve
well the inteaest of freedom. The enemy un-
derstands only n tked power. I applaud the
President's declaim to use such power. --
While our eyes are glued to the situation
in Vietnam, our adversaries are fishing in the
troubled waters of the Dominican Republic,
Conditions in that island republic degen-
erated to the pont that the President was
required to statc:i the Monroe Doctrine from
the Bay of Pigs and impose its terms there.
He was justified n doing so. Our failure to
wipe the scum of communism from our door-
step in Cuba produced this untenable situa-
tion. President Johnson, subscribing to the
theory that Awo .Nrongs never make a right,
acted with dispatch and restored honor to
our country in this instance. Let us not
compromise bur nosition there now and lose
the peace after having won the war as has
so frequentl/ hem the case.
We can to ce Lttle comfort from the rift
between Russia cud Red China. The Com-
munist camps ar e barking at one another.
This does not mean they have lost their teeth
or their apptite. Kosygin preaches goulash
over guns. ao ''se-tung preaches guns over
goulash. Th p quarrel is whether the revolu-
tion should lte futight on an empty stomach
or a full one. Both agree the revolution must
continue. The d.vision is not on what com-
munism is. It's how communism can de-
stroy representasive democracy. It is an
argument of .ne.t: rods, not objectives. World
domination s the goal of both, Marx is a
prophet of both. We must understand the
nature of the prctractive struggle. We must
have no illusions about the meaning of the
ideological cOnfliat.
Our best araatee for peace is to keep our
country eco omically sound, morally and
spiritually ri ht, and militarily impregnable.
Individuals must know when to push the
button and why.
Therp is a great stress on education today.
This is as it should be. The serviceman is
well ahead on this score. He remains behind
in dna cial compensation. The Continental
Army ommand operates 26 schools. It is
based ight here at Port Monroe. It offers
a selec ion of 600 courses. Three hundred
and fif y military occupation specialists are
aVailala e. One hundred and sixty thousand
individ ala take advantage of this oppor-
tunity km site. Another 200,300 are enrolled
in corr spondence courses.
The ducatIonal attainments of the man
in unif rm are steadily rising Seventy-three
percen of the enlisted personnel are high
school graduates. It was ,:ti percent just
10 year ago. Only 25 percent of the Ameri-
can m le population over 21, hat graduated
from igh school. Eight percent of the
Anaeric n men over 25 are college graduates.
Sixty-iline percent of the officer corps today
have college diplomas, 10 ysars ago it was
only 60 percent. This makes him a better
soldier It entitles him to more pay.
The Pr?dent appointed a committee to
e matter of military pay. The corn-
has reported and recommended an
adjustment of 4.'7 percent. This is
Mad squate.
essman MENDEL RTJERS, ct South
a, has introduced a military pay bill,
25, to bring about this objective. I
u will persuade your Congressman to
this bill. .
FOREIGN AFFAILS
May we direct our attention to the subject
of for ign affairs. There are some among
us wh say that the foreign policy of this
coun should be of no concern to any ex-
cept t e' ones directly responsible for its im-
pleme tation. With this I Co not agree. It
occurs to roe that the foreign policy of this
countr should be of vital concern to every
one w o is interested in the preservation of
our A erica n way, based upon a fundamental
belief n God and propelled by our profit-
motiv tel system.
The purpose of our foreign policy should
be to, protect and advance 'U.S. interests
in world affairs. The purpose of our na-
tionallsecurity program shculd be to pro-
vide tie muscle to make that policy effective.
The winds of slavery blowing out of the
Sino-Spviet countries are on a collision course
with tie winds of freedom from the West.
The f ture of mankind may very well be
determined by which wind prevails.
Although men dream of a more fruitful
use of , life than to spend their creative en-
ergies building the instruments of destruc-
t to
tion, t ere appears be no safe alternative.
Here a e some reasons why. On October 15,
1964, ikita Khrushchev, the recognized
leader , of the worldwide Communist con-
spiracy` and overlord of the most expansive
colonial empire in contemporary world his-
tory, was impeached by his own cabinet.
Why? Because he failed to practice 100-
percen't communism. He was replaced by
the te4.m cr.! Breznev and Kosygm. In their
first olicy pronouncements they declared
a cont nuation of the 20-year cold war upon
the 'U ited States and her allies. They called
for an extension of their philosophy of peace-
ful an4 competitive coexistence. Stalin, too,
pra,cti ed coexistence. He joined the hated
Social its in the 1930's. lie was allied with
the d testable capitalists jr World Pg`ar-II.
We paid for our naiveness at Tehran and
Yalta, 'Kosygin will present his bill in due
study
mittee
upwar
grossly
Con
Caron
H.R. 5
hope y
supper
Capt. Paul Crawley, U.S. Army, Norwich,
N.Y., Soldier, Displays Gallantry Under
Fire in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SAMUEL S. STRATTON
or NEW YORK
N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 25, 1965
Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, with
all the detailed discussion that has gone
on In recent weeks regarding the fighting
In Vietnam -I sometimes think we are apt
to forget that it is individual American
combat men who are carrying out, with-
out complaint and with very great dis-
tinction, the heavy burden of our com-
mitment there.
One of the most fascinating and im-
pressive stories of personal valor in Viet-
nam came to my attention the other day
with regard to the actions of a con-
stituent of mine Army Capt. Paul Craw-
ley, of Norwich, N.Y. The account ap-
peared in the Norwich Evening Sun for
May 11, 1965, and under unanimous con-
sent, I include it at this point in the
RECORD.
The article follows:
NEWSMAN DESCRIBES NORWICH MAN'S
GALLANTRY
A gallant Norwich soldier, Capt. Paul
Crawley, was featured in a full-color picture
and story on the front page of the St. Peters-
burg, Fla., Times, May 2,
The story, written by a Times staffman
who had just returned from special assign-
ment in Vietnam, told of Captain Crawley's
gallantry under fire in a combat situation
as deadly as any which took place in World
War II or Korea. Here is the story as told
by George Sweers, of the St. Petersburg
Times.
The incident took place on a 5%-hour
patrol whose purpose was to capture small
Red hamlets during which Captain Crawley
acted as an adviser to the actual leader of
the patrol, Captain Hong of the Vietnamese
Army. Crawley said "My job is to work with
and advise my counterpart Captain Hong
* * * everything goes through him.
"Hong does not speak English and Crawley,
who has been in Vietnam only 3 weeks,
knows little Vietnamese. This makes the
advising process a complicated one. Craw-
ley has two interpreters to maintain liaison
with Hong."
"The patrol started. I (Sweers) went
with Crawley and Hong who were taking 50
of the 200 Vietnamese straight toward the
hamlets."
"As we started out, I stayed close to Cap-
tain Crawley." When we were halfway up the
hill, the first Vietcong opened light sniper
fire at the leadmen in our group which had
reached the top of the hill. The leadmen
returned the fire * * * downhill into the
hamlet and the rest of us hurried up to the
peak and crouched behind the -concrete
gravestones that dot Vietnamese hills.
The firing stopped anti started again but
this time "it was the steady chatter of a ma-
chitaegun fire raking the cleared area around
the village."
"Crawley told his radic-man to inform the
U.S. helicopter hovering over us that we were
pinned down. The copter radioed back to
ask if Crawley wanted rocket machinegun-
suppression fire into the hamlet to get the
machinegun.
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A2634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX May 2.5, 1965
"Crawley can't make that decision. He's an And once they get into the jungle they just
adviser., That decision is up to the Viet- disappear!'
narnese.COmmander. So Captain Hong came "How long they disappear, no one knows.
scurrying up to confer. It's possible Crawley and his 'troops will have
"Crawley told the interpreter the unit was , to come back to this same hamlet in a week
pinned down. The interpreter told Hong. and Make the Vietcong disappear again.
"For this day anyway, our little part of the
war ,was over. We walked back home."
Hong told the interpreter he realized the sit-
uation. The interpreter passed the informa-
tion 012.10 Crawley.
"Crawley told the interpreter he was ad-
vising Hong to ask for some suppression fire
from the helicopter. The interpreter told
Hong. Hong answered back through the in-
terpreter that toO many of his men were too
close tQ the hamlet wall. The helicopter's
rockets might kill some of the South Viet-
namese troops.
"They, talked hack and forth, through the
interpreter and pored over their maps while
the bullets cracked 'overhead. It was a classic
example of the language problem that has
hampered these Milt U.S.-South Vietnamese
operations since they began.
Finally Hong convinced Crawley the heli-
copter fire would be too dangerous and the
armed Chopper was waved off.
"The,Vietnarneee were pouring the fire in-
to the hamlet now, the bullets chipping the
bamboo Wall around the hamlet.
"The fire let sip, a little. The Vietcong
apparently were slipping out the back door
and the first Vietnamese were entering the
hamlet to mop up.
"The radios started to chatter again. The
Vietnamese radioman reported to his captain
that one of their men had been hit. The
captain told his interpreter who told Craw-
ley.
"Crawley looked around. The wounded
man Was a sergeant in a platoon to our right.
Crawley told his radioman to call for an Air
Evac--in ambulance helicopter to pick up
the wounded man.
"The wounded man was too close to the
hamlet wall, however, and would have to be
brought out to an open field where the
'copter could land.
"Crawley looked at his interpreter and
then decided not to go through another
complicated two-language conversation with
Hong and the interpreters.
"'Let's go get him,' he yelled to his medi-
cal aid man and we were off and running.
We found the wounded man on a grassy
slope. His leg had been crudely bandaged.
"Crawley still had to get the Vietnamese
soldier to where the 'copter could land.
Without saying a word he picked him up and
,started to carrying him toward the clearing.
Spahn and I followed along as the American
captain carried the Vietnamese sergeant
through a paddy canal with water up to his
waist. We reached a safe area several hun-
dred yards from the hamlet and waited.
"We could look back at the hamlet where
the Vietnamese were spraying the thatched
huts with submachinegun fire and looking
inside for Vietcong. At one point a Vietcong
guerrilla bolted from the hamlet and ran for
the trees at the edge of the clearing. A hail
of fire reached out for him but he made it
to the trees, and disappeared into the jungle.
"Wow we could hear the whirring of the
ambulance 'copter in the Sky and Spahn
Ignited' a green smoke grenade to indicate
the wind direction to the pilot. He landed.
We put the wounded soldier aboard and
'copter lifted off and headed for the hospital.
"The:13attle was over.
"The Vietcong snipers had fled leaving be-
hind senile supplies and ammunition. The
hamlet was secure-Let least for now. 13ut
after the troops left, couldn't the Vietcong
come right back, patch up the fort and start
snipinl at the railroad repair crews again'?
I as ed the eaRtain.
"Wait a SUCCess?" lie asked himself. "In
some Ways, yes. We got some, of their sup-
plies but we didn't get them. wanted us
us to get some of them. But their intel-
ligence and ways of getting out are fantastic.
CAPTAIN IS CAREER MAN
Capt. Paul Crawley attended elementary
school in Norwich. He was graduated from
Valley Forge Military Academy in 1951 and
attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
in Troy for 2 years before enlisting in the
Regular Army in 1953.
The son of Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Crawley
of 17 Miller Street, Norwich, Captain Crawley
has made a career of the Army. He was
graduated from OCS at Fort Benning, Ga.,
where he took a ranger course.
He was also with the 82d Airborne Division
for 2 years, as a paratrooper, and made more
than 30 jumps.
Castro's Subversion in the United
States?Part I
XTENSION OF REMARKS
O',
HON. CRAIG HOSMER
. OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
. .
Tuesday, May 25, 1965
Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, the
American Security Council is one of the
Nation's most respected private organiza-
tions dedicated to the preservation of the
Nation and of freedom everywhere. Its
weekly Washington Report invariably
deals authoritatively with national and
International developments affecting the
Nation's security. The May 17 and
24 issues of this report detailed the pat-
tern of Castro's subversion in the United
States as written by DeWitt S. Copp, its
able and authoritative managing editor.
Part I of the two-part series is as follows:
WASHINGTON REPORT: CASTRO'S SUBVERSION
IN THE UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON, May 17, 1965.?British his-
torian and philosopher, Arnold Toynbee, be-
fore giving a lecture at the State Department
on April 16, 1965, was quoted as saying: "It's
hard to understand why you make such a
fuss about Castro," And then comparing
the United States and Cuba to an elephant
and its fear of a mouse, he quipped, "It's
great fun for the mouse."
Just a week prior to these comments, a
CIA report on Cuban subversion was sub-
mitted to the House Subcommittee on In-
ter-American Affairs (Selden committee).
The report stated in part that "the Castro
regime has in operation (since 1961) a high-
ly professional espionage and subversion
agency, the General Directorate of Intelli-
gence (DOI) . The DOI is advised by at
least five Soviet intelligence specialists.
Moreover, one of the purposes of the highly
secret meetings of Latin American leaders
in Havana last November was to give added
impetus to more militant Communist activ-
ity in the hemisphere."
Castro's DOI is divided into three units,
the largest of which masterminds the train-
ing, financing, and promoting of subversion,
and guerrilla Warfare In Ceneral and South
American countries. Though the 'CIA re-
port spelled Out M detail the degree of the
actiVities in these areas, it made no
mention of its efforts in the United States.
Our own investigation attempts in some
measure to fill the gap.
METHODS OF INFILTRATION
There are two known major points of entry
by which covert Castro agents infiltrate the
United States. One is by fishing boat to
Puerto Rico, and then by illegally entering
the United States with falsified documents.
Congressman WILLIAM CRAMER, Republican,
of Florida, in testifying before the Senate
Subcommittee on Internal Security as far
back as 2 years ago said that "* * * in excess
of 1,000 people have come through this route
into the United States as Puerto Rican citi-
zens with falsified passports."
The other method of infiltration is by boat
or plane to Mexico. There the Mexican
Communist Party supplies the proper papers
and the agent crosses the border at Laredo,
Juarez, or Tijuana. Infiltrators from Cuba
who enter the United States using either one
of these routes, or via Canada, masking their
identities by whatever manner, are trained
agents whose assignrnents cover the Marxian
spectrum of subversive activities.
INDICATION OF ACTIVITIES
On the night of November 16, 1962, the
FBI raided a workshop on West 27th Street
in New York City. There they seized a se-
cret cache of weapons and explosives which
included delayed action incendiary bombs.
They also arrested three Castro agents and
Roberto Santiesteban Casanova, a newly ar-
rived attach?ith the Cuban mission at the
U.N. The other members of the Cuban mis-
sion, Jose Gomez Abaci and his wife, Elsa,
were named as fellow conspirators.
The purpose of the weapons and the ex-
plosives was for the sabotaging of defense
installations and the demoralization of the
civilian population. Attorney General Rob-
ert Kennedy said the plan was aimed at the
heart of the internal security of the United
States of America.
Four days later, immigration officers in
Brownsville, Tex., reported that Mexican au-
thorities had prevented the blowing up of
the International Bridge between Browns-
ville and Matamoros, Mexico. In doing so,
they also nipped in the bud a sabotage plan
to destroy major buildings in Matamoros.
Two of those apprehended were Castro
agents.
Since 1962, there have been several allied
cases, one taking place in October 1964, in
which a bomb was exploded in the Ever-
glades Hotel in Miami, injuring a number of
Cuban exiles attending a meeting.
Some months later, a Cuban terrorist
threat to bomb the Roney Plaza Hotel in
Miami intimidated the management into
canceling a meeting of this same exile
organization.
This threat came on the same day the
bomb plot to blow up the Washington Mon-
ument, the Statue of Liberty, and the Lib-
erty Bell was discovered.
On the surface, this latter episode
appeared to be the wild act of a quartet of
misguided idiots. But there is sound rea-
son to believe that, wild as the attempt was,
the four would-be saboteurs were acting
under DGI instructions. Leader of the
bomb plot, Robert S. Collier, had traveled
illegally to Cuba in the summer of 1964.
Upon his return, he formed, with a number
of fellow Cuban travelers, a pro-Castro, pro-
Peiping group which called itself the Black
Liberation Front. In December 1964 a
United Nations party was given by the
Cuban delegation in honor of its visiting
guerrilla expert, Ernesto Che Guevara. At
this party, Collier was introduced to Mi-
chelle Duclos, a member of an extremist
separatist organization in Quebec. Later,
the plotters bought the dynamite in Can-
ada, and it was Miss Duclos who transported
the explosives to New York in her car.
These five incidents fall under the heading
of terror tactics. That only one of them
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX
met with any real degree of success speaks
well for the FBI and our law-enforcement
agencies. However, FBI Director J. Edgar
Hoover, pointed out in testimony before the
House Subcommittee on, Appropriations last
year year that the efforts of the Castro
regime to infiltrate intelligence agents into
the United gtatea "show that we (FBI) must
maintain abroad coverage in this area of our
operations." .
How broad a coverage can be glimpsed by
these additional incidents. In early 1963,
a Castro agent was apprehended in a New
York City apartment possessing a suitcase
filled with visa applications and other docu-
ments which would aid fellow agents to gain
illegal entry into the United States.
From Caracas, Venezuela, in February of
this year came news of another type of smug-
gling operation, which again pointed toward
the activities of U,S.-based Castro agents.
By accident, on board the U.S. ship Santa
Rosa were found 1,000 mail pouches filled
with pro-Castro literature. The literature
had been printed in and shipped from Miami,
Fla. ,
Just as Puerto Rico has served as an im-
portant way station in Castro agents to
enter the United States, it has also served as
a transit point for still another sort of smug-
gling?that of narcotic drugs.
In December 1964, three Castro agents were
arrested OA Miami Airport?one of them a
Cuban, Mari,?argibe_o Nerey. Treasury of-
ficials, in Puerto Rico said Carabeo Nerey was
engge1 In drug traffic. How large the traffic
Is an be ingasured by the fact that between
January and November 1964, narcotics agents
seized 691 pounds of drugs being smuggled
into the U.S, froro. Cuba. This was an in-
grease of over, 450 pounds seized during the
previous year. Included in this amount was
heroin, shipped to Cuba from Red China.
In January 1965,a New York police inspec-
tor, Ira Bluth, was quoted as saying: "Mari-
huana Wed to came to New York almost en-
tirely from Mexico, but recently large
=Mints of 't,A.e, drug have been discovered
corning from Cuba."
On January 15, 1965, Oscar H. Reguera
and Endoro AUrtin6z were taken into custody
in a, New York motel with $3 million worth
of cocaine in their luggage. Martinez is be-
lieved to be a Castro agent.
. Aside frorh. the obvious harmful effects
addiction to th,ese drugs creates, the major
purpose behind the smuggling of narcotics
-into the United, States by Castro agents is
to raise rnon,ey to finance an insurrection in
Puerto Rico. ,
Castro's ,DOI is Working in concert with
Puerto Rican, CoMmUnists and militant
splinter factions of the Puerto Rican inde-
pendence movement, accelerating their at-
tacks against the social and governmental
structure of the island. Since 1961, a num-
ber, of Castro-supplied arms caches have been
uncovered. Gun battles have been fought
between the police and insurrectionists.
Clunro agents have infiltrated both exile and
Student groups, their purpose being to stim-
ulate the kind , of rioting which would re-
quire armed intervention. Should this hap-
pen, the cry for independence, which 97 per-
Cent of the Puerto Rican electorate rejected
In thg November 1964 elections, would take
on a more critical meaning. This is so be-
cause the strategy of the movement is tied
directly to the November 20, 1964, vote of the
United Nations Committee on Anticolonial-
isna. The. Committee voted 17 to 6, in direct
violation, of a 1953 General Assembly ruling,
to,place the denland for Puerto Rican inde-
pendenee on the U.N. agenda.
This ant ,played directly into the hands of
Caktro'S 1?gl.ausi Puerto Rican extremists?
ftWn of whom, are presently members of the
. Cuban 1./N, mission.
When the general Assembly convenes
again, there is little doubt that agitation and
propaganda will be stepped up in New York
and San Juan, with the possibility of more
violent actions erupting in Puerto Rico.
SCOPE OF THE EFFORT
Recently, the Puerto Rican newspaper "El
Mundo" estimated that since 1960, 12,000
Americans and Puerto Ricans have received
subversive training in Cuba.
We cannot attest to the accuracy of the
figures nor can we say how many of that
number are under the orders of the Cuban
Directorate of Intelligence. Although we
do not have Castro-trained guerrillas oper-
ating in our country as a number of the
Latin American countries presently do, we
can say that intelligence and law enforce-
ment agencies here and in Puerto Rico take
the efforts of the DGI most seriously.
Of course, the publicly known cases out-
lined in this report can only give an indica-
tion of what is afoot. Hoary historians such
as Toynbee may look down upon the world
and view it from the vantage point of cen-
turies. Unfortunately, we who have to live
in the world from day to day and face its
reality cannot afford cute analogies of mice
and elephants with regard to Castro and our-
selves.
In part II of "Castro's Subversion in the
United States" we will show how Castro's
American supporters, using the techniques
of agitation and propaganda; by forming
front groups; by infiltrating the civil rights
movement, and by attacking our foreign pol-
icy are winning important victories in what
can best be termed the psychological hot
war.
Champion Harebrained Scheme
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 25, 1965
Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, I submit the following editorial
by Mrs. Guy Easterly, publisher of the
La Follette Press. This timely and re-
vealing editorial appeared in the May 20,
1965, edition of this widely read and re-
spected Tennessee newspaper.
I concur wholeheartedly with the views
presented and commend its contents to
My colleagues.
CHAMPION HAREBRAINED SCHEME
Many people have thought the national ad-
ministration in Washington has gone off the
deep end so many times that there would be
no more deep ends left * * * but these peo-
ple have underestimated the national ad-
ministration.
It is with continuing amazement that we
observe the proposals put forth by the ad-
ministration and one of the latest is definite-
ly a prizewinner?something of a humdinger
among humdingers.
The administration is proposing that the
Federal Government help pay the rent for
moderate income and needy families. This
facet of the Great Society is called an "effort
to Improve the American city."
Improving the American city is a com-
mendable idea, but the powers that be call
"moderate" and "needy" families those with
incomes up to $16,200 per year and who pay
as high as $200 per month in rent.
It seems that the time is long past due
when the American people?those who strive
to make their own way and who believe
this striving is a good and wholesome thing?
should inform their representatives in Wash-
ington that they are tired of supporting such
harebrained schemes as paying other peo-
ple's rent,
Raise Insufficient
A2635
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. KEN W. DYAL
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. DYAL. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I
wish ta include an editorial from the
Daily Sun, San Bernardino, Calif., under
date of May 20, 1965. The concern ex-
pressed in the editorial about the pro-
posed military pay increase reflects the
thoughts and tremendous interest of con-
stituents who have written to me on this
subject.
RAISE INSUFFICIENT
President Johnson's idea of how much
pay servicemen should receive is disturbing.
He has grand ideas about many expenditures
of Government but what he offers servicemen
is properly described by Congressman L.
MENDEL RIVERS, chairman of the House
Armed Services Committee, as "paltry."
Said the Congressman: "We have been pa-
tient, hoping for something encouraging
from the executive branch of Government
and now this?a paltry increase based on a
false premise?and suggesting an effective
date of 1966."
The President's proposal is for an increase
of 2.7-percent pay and fringe benefits to men
with less than 2 years' service, and a 4.8-per-
cent increase for the remainder.
However, It is the total pay and benefits
that count: Such as $2.40 added to the $85.80
per month for apprentice seamen and $6.51
added to the $241.20 base pay for a midship-
man. Pay in other services corresponds.
Young officers in all the services are drop-
ping out at an alarming rate. They simply
cannot raise families on the servicemen's
pay. The dropout embraces all types of
service; in the U.S. Navy there is an annual
turnover of 150,000.
The San Diego Union speaks out strongly
in criticism of the President's low estimate
of the pay servicemen should receive:
"The failure of Congress to provide the
minimum-level pay necessary for the essen-
tials already is strongly felt in the military
ranks. All top-echelon officers agree that
the low rate of recruitment and high rate of
personnel turnover has reached alarming
proportions.
"There is a turnover of half of the per-
sonnel on a U.S. Navy combatant ship at our
frontlines of defense. Only one-fifth of the
Navy men reenlist after the first hitch. '
"Secretary of Navy Paul H. Nitze already
has asked officers and men to extend their
enlistments up to a half year because of the
manpower problem created by Vietnam and
the Dominican Republic. Other trouble
spots can arise quickly, and the fleet already
is far below manning strengths considered
optimum.
"The turnover is no reflection on service-
men. They are patriotic and dedicated
Americans. However, as with all other
Americans, the welfare of their families is
highly important. If they are deprived of
necessities by remaining in the service or
have to hold second jobs, the 'men lose in-
centive.
"The 37 members of the House Armed Serv-
ices Committee recommended a military pay
raise of 10.8 percent. Even this is a mini-
mum. The administration's proposal is
hardly more than a blow to morale."
The President should increase his recom-
mendation for an increase of 4.8 percent to
the 10.8 percent suggested by the House com-
mittee. The people have no right to ex-
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A2636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
pee *the men of the armed services will con-
tin le to work at pay scales far under those
paid in private industry.
Aliens and the Half-Open Door
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Os'
HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO
or =tams
N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
-Tuesday, May 25, 1965
r, ANNTJNZIO. Mr. Speaker, in the
C icago Sun-Times 01 May 16, Tom Lit-
ti wood, of the Sun-Times Washington
b reau, 'describes the aims and obstacles
01 changing the current immigration pol-
ic es. Mr. Littlewood does an outstand-
i g job in presenting the facts with ref-
e enc? to our present immigration law
a d the future of our country in connec-
t' n with problems of immigration.
Tom Littlewood ..s an 'enlightened
n wspaperman Who came to Washington
d ring January of 1905. Prior to coming
the Nation's Can tal, he was for 10
Y ars the Spririgfielt? correspondent for
e Sun-Times covering the Illinois State
pital. Mr. Littlewood is a graduate of
orthwestern University in Evanston, Ill.
I take this opportunity to call again
the attention of mir?colleagues In the
?use of Representatives the need for
beralization of our immigration laws
n this session of the 39th Congress.
The article by Mr. Littlewood follows:
AN ARCHAIC STWTE/VI Or QUOTAS
(Hy Tom LittlewoOd)
WASHINGTON.?The world is about to be
ffered a revealing glimpse into the national
onscienee of a. cour try whiase troops are
eiSloyed around the globe inspiring devo-
Dna to Its celebrated principles of equality
and lustice.
As have the three Presidents before him,
Lyndon B. Johnson 'las informed Congress
that the immigration law has long since
outlived whatever alleged usefulness it
might have had when the oceans were con-
siderably wider than they are now.
U.S. immigration policy is an outgrowth
of the disillusion following World War I
which gave citizens of the promised land a
fe,eling of comfort and safety in isolation.
The myths of that era have been disposed of,
but the mainspring of our immigration pol-
icy remains that re.ic of isolationism, the
national origins quota system.
Tais system can be understood most read-
ily in terms of Peter Petropblous, his maid,
and his mother.
Let us assume th rt, Pete is an American
citizen of some financial attainment who
wants to (l) hire a domestic servant from
Ireland or England and (2) bring his wid-
e-Wed tinother from Greece to live with his
family.
Not unexpectedly, the United States is
ehooty about who gets in. As the test for
admission, the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952
perpetuated limits on the number of immi-
grants based on the white nationality mix
of this country in 1920.
, More than two-thirds of the 158,361 quota
numbers are allocated to Great Britain and
Irelancl. Neither country consumed any-
where near ifs quota last year. Pete's maid
ca a be off the boat and on the job in 4 to 6
eica
But. Greeeds quota is about 300 and there is
Waiting list of at out 100,000.
Even along a close relatives of citizens are
given preference second only to needed job
skills, it will 're at least 5 years before Pete's
mother 1111 ie eligible for a visa. Italy's
backlog it sti 1 larger, about 250,000.
Plainly;put the U.S. policy is that the maid
from Britain .s More desirable than the rela-
tive from: Gr( ece or Italy or Poland or Spain
or Africa'or the Orient. .
The lav w is written in a spirit of exclu-
sivity to beaetlt Anglo-Saxons, Scandina-
vians, Garmans, and other noathern Euro-
peans whose - countrymen had the good
fortune lo be, like Finley Peter Dunne's Mr.
Dooley, P lgrim father that missed the
first boats." It was Mr. Dooley who insisted
he mus "rsise me claryon voice agin' th'
invasion + iv this fair land be tta paupers an'
arnychists? re bet I Must?because I'm here
first." ,
An even more invidious feature of the law
is what has come to be called the Asian-
Pacific triangle. This restricts aliens of re-
mote Astan stock to the small Asian quotas
regardless o ' their place of birth. The tri-
angle reaches from India and Pakistan east
to China, , span and most of the Pacific
islands, but. excluding Australia and New
Zealand.
Attorvey General Nicholas laatzenbach has
related the use of a young man from Colom-
bia whe is eligible to come here freely on
nonquota ssatus because he is from an in-
dependent r ation in the Western Hemisphere.
His wife, tco, is a native and citizen of Co-
lombia. But she is also the daughter of a
Chinese father.
She Musa, therefore, be regarded as half-
Chinese and eligible only under the quota for
Chinese. which happens to be 105 a year.
She ordinarily could reach the top of the
list in the sear 2048.
All alias, President Johnson suggested in
his inimigration message to Congress, is
neither good government nor good sense.
It rulti in prolonged separation of fam-
ilies. Keectd job skills are denied the coun-
try.there is the obvious hypocrisy from
AF
d
those ho spout off far and wide about the
democ atis principles of fair treatment for
all an yes insist on measuring potentiality
for gond c tizenship in relationship to where
a person happens to have been born.
Mr. 'Johnson has promised congressional
charngaona of immigration reform that once
the decks are Cleared of voting rights legis-
lation:he will push for the immigration bill.
The amot nt of shove that he supplies will
be a tirue test not only of his liberalism but
of this presumably most literal of all Con-
gresses.
If it cannot be done by this Congress, it is
hard to conceive how the system can ever be
changed in a meaningful way.
This is nevertheless, a highly emotional
question bringing into play deep-down-in-
side doubts. It's; Who do you want living in
your "towa? But also: Will he someday be
completing for your job?
The pattern of opposition is a familiar
one?the American Legion and other vet-
erana groups who merge danger of subver-
sion with the idea that ell foreigners are
suspect; the Daughters of the American
Revolution and other native-born patriotic
socilties dedicated to a clean white Anglo-
Saxon Pr otestant America. The Steuben So-
ciety of German-Americans and some like
gaciu,ps v hose memories are short. And some
unicins who regard the automation and un-
employment and relief problems as bad
enotigh already.
Although the national origins system was
intended to place specific hmits on immigra-
tion, broad differences aasse developed be-
tween t ieory and practice.
Ditring the past decade, an average of 63,-
000, of the 158,000 annual quota numbers
were turned back unused by the desirable
nations The unused portion could not,
May 25, 1965
however, be spread around among the other
countries with waiting lists.
Nonquota aliens mer-aged 178,000 a year.
These included the beneficiaries of special
laws for refugees, war brides, and skilled per-
sons, a relatively smal: number by private bill
and 11,400 quota-free immigrants from this
hemisphere. The last figure haa alarmed
some Congressmen who have noticed the
dark skins and relief incidence of many Latin
American aliens. (The Government already
has cut off the unrestrained flow of low-cost
migratory farm- workers, the original purpose
of the quota-free provision for Latin Ameri-
can countries.) Total immigration has been
running nearly 300,000 a year; from 1931 un-
til the end of World War II, by contrast, im-
migration never exceeded 100,000 a year.
Although Japan's quota is only 185, almost
5,000 visas have been issued annually to
Japanese. The Indonesian quota is 100, but
visas 1,657. Italy's quota .is 5,666; visas
15,685
The first half of each country's quota goes
to persons with urgently needed skills. Last
year, for instance, 568 tailors were admitted,
$28 engineers, 200 teachers, 198 doctors. Be-
fore he arrives the immigrant must secure
a specific job pledge from an employer.
The next 30 percent go to parents and un-
married adult children of U.S. citizens. The
remaining 20 percent of the quota numbers
are for spouses or unmarried children of
permanent resident aliens awaiting citizen-
ship.
A history of certain types of illness, includ-
ing epilepsy, tuberculosis, and mental re-
tardation, is a permanent bar to immigra-
tion. There have been cases in which a
family has been prevented from, immigrating
because one of the children was a mild epi-
leptic, modern treatment drugs notwith-
standing.
Hearings have been partially completed by
the immigration subcommittees of both
Houses on the administration proposal for
changing the law.
The overall maximum increase in immi-
grations would be only about 60,000 a year.
Quotas would be reduced by one-fifth in each
of the next 5 years, thus phasing out the na-
tional origins, system over the period, and
placing the retired. numbers in a pool to be
allotted on a first-come, first served basis.
The Asian-Pacific triangle concept, which
Secretary of State Dean Rusk has labeled
"overt statutory discrimination against more
than half the world's population," would be
abolished. No more than 10 percent of the
total could come from any one country,
though.
Order of preference would remain about
the same: the first half to those with skills
or education "especially advantageous" to the
United States; the next 30 percent to the un-
married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens;
and the remaining 20 percent to spouses and
children of reside:at aliens.
Parents of U.S.. citizens Could enter freely.
It would no longer be necessary for skilled
immigrants to nail down a specific job be-
fore coming here. '
Epilepsy would be removed as a ban, and
mental illness would not be an automatic
prohibition for persons having close relatives
already in this country.
. A joint congressional-executive immigra-
tion board would be created as an advisory
body to decide which job skills are especially
advantageous to the country.
Among new seed imigrants, the President
would be authorized to reserve up to 10
percent for refugees fleeing oppression or
catastrophe.
This year the immigration subcommittee
Of the House Judiciary Committee was pur-
posely increased from five to nine members
so as to cope with its chairman. He is Rep-
resentative Mot-1Am A, FEIGHAN, conserva-
tive Democrat from Cleveland, and Repre-
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1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD =SIN
spit of land in Peconic Bay, at which
they landed, Conscierice Point.
Notably, the first structure these set-
tlers built, according to surviving his-
torical records, was a church.
Their idea's the people of Long Island
and New York States in general have
harvested, to the lasting benefit of all,
We owe them our gratitude. '
When these settlers landed to Con-
science Point, it was not their first con-
tact with the soil of the New World.
They had crossed the Atlantic Ocean to
live in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in
the vicinity of what is now Lynn. How-
ever, they did not find there the freedom
best suited to their lives. They then
formed a company Which received the
King's grant carrying with it permission
to settle on the far side of Long Island
Sound, east of New Amsterdam.
On first landing they were rebuffed by
the Dutch at Manhasset. It was at this
point they moved eastward by boat to
the Southampton area. Where they
landed, Conscience Point in the hamlet
of North Sea, is now a historical park.
The New York Times, in a recent arti-
cle on Southampton's founding, quoted
records of the landing's aftermath.
? With gifts and greetings, these Puritans
Made friends_ with the Indians and were led
by them along a trail through the woods, to
What came to be known as Old Towne.
Friendly Indians helped the settlers
to live on the land. The first houses
were built on what is now the site of
Southampton Hospital.
Today, the house built by an early
settler, Thomas Halsey, has been re-
stored through the efforts of the South-
ampton Colonial Society. It stands as
the oldest _colonial style house in the
State, I am told.
Other sites of interest include the
Shinnecock Indian Reservation, the one-
room schoolhouse at Red Creek, the Pel-
letreau Silvershop, restored by the
Southampton Village Improvement So-
ciety, the country store, the Captain Rog-
ers homestead, the 'Parrish Museum on
Jobs Lane, the Whaling Museum, the
Customs House in Sag Harbor, the
Quoque Wildlife Refuge, and the Auto-
motive Museum.
I am certain that tourists from what-
ever State will be interested in attend-
ing the observance in which the com-
munities that make up Southampton
will take part: Bridgeharnpton, East-
port, Hampton Bays, North Sea, Noyack,
Quoque, Remsenberg, Sag Harbor, Saga-
Ponack, Shinnecock, Flanders, Water
Mill, and Westhampton. The programs,
Including a reenactment of the Con-
science Point landing, will begin in June
and extend into September.
Southampton's citizens, including its
historian, Arthur B. Hull, Jr., are to be
congratulated for planning a summer in
appreciation of our splendid heritage
and the makers of that heritage.
CONGRATULATIONS TO HAROLD
BEAtON
Mr. BOGGS. Mf. President, on Friday
the Senate confirmed the nomination of
No. 95--?0
Harold D. Beaton, of Michigan, to be
U.S. attorney for the western district
of Michigan for a term of 4 years.
It has been my pleasure to know Hal
Beaton for many years and I want to
join his legion of friends in congratulat-
ing him on this well-deserved appoint-
ment. I am sure he will do an outstand-
ing job. My best wishes to him and his
family.
ANNIVERSARY OF THE AN
REPUBLIC
Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, 63
years- ago?on May 20, 1902?the Re-
public of Cuba was established. Seven
years earlier, the great Cuban patriot,
Jose Marti, was killed in Oriente Pro-
vince, in the battle for freedom.
History thus reflects that the people
of Cuba have long been committed to
the principles of freedom and liberty.
Suffering long under the yoke of Span-
ish rule, they strove to carve their own
destiny. But the people of Cuba have
been too often betrayed by men who in-
voked the name of liberty?only to seize
power, to their own selfish ends.
Now, in Fidel Castro, Cuba has suffered
the worst betrayal of all, for Castro not
only concealed his own motivations but
also delivered his countrymen into the
hands of Soviet communism, and now
conspires to subvert the other nations
of the Caribbean and Latin America.
The recent events in the Dominican Re-
public attest to the extent of the menace
which the ascendancy of Castro has
posed.
Jose Marti said to his people many
years ago, in warning them against
tyrants:
Re who intends to govern should be
worthy of government.
Marti saw the truth; but Castro, the
false leader, has thrust down upon his
own people a regime of oppression re-
pugnant to the dream of Jose Marti
and to all loyal Cubans.
I am hopeful that when the Organiza-
tion of American States meets, to discuss
the new crisis in the Dominican Repub-
lic, it will remember the tragic lesson of
Cuba.
I know that the United States will
never accept Castro and communism in
this hemisphere.
The Cuban people will not be aban-
doned. I know that President Johnson
is resolute against the exportation of
Castroism to the hemisphere, and 'will
do all that is morally and legally proper
to assure the speedy dethroning of that
despot.
The Cuban national anthem contains
lines that describe the anguish of that
nation today: '
To live in chains is to live submitted to
opprobium and affront.
The Cuban refugees who streamed to
Florida shores and the brave souls who
today fight from the mountains give evi-
dence thit the fires of liberty still burn
among Cubans.
Every effort must be made by the al-
lies of this hemisphere to contain, and
then erase, the Castro infamy.
10987
Our other friends in the free world
must now realize that Castro is not a
comic-opera tyrant, a Lilliputian kicking
the shins of the giant to the north, for
the forces behind Castro are a threat,
not only to the people of Cuba, but also
to all in this hemisphere.
We must, of course, restore the path
to peace in the Dominican Republic.
But we must also stick to our resolve to
see that Cuba is Made free of its newest
and most vicious tyranny.
PROPOSED REVISION OF SKIP-ROW
COTrON-PLANTING REGULATIONS
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, the
board of directors of the Littlefield, Tex.,
Chan ber of Commerce recently directed
a most important and well chosen letter
to the Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Office.
The directors point out their concern
about a proposed revision of regulations
pertaining to skip-row planting of cot-
ton. This is a matter which will be of
interest to other Senators; and I ask
that the letter be printed at this point
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the letter was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
LITTLEFIELD CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
Littlefield, Tex., May 13, 1965.
DIRECTOR OF FARMER PROGRAMS DIVISION,
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Office, Washington, D.C.
DEAR Sm: The board of directors of the
Littlefield Chamber of Commerce has made
a thorough study of your proposed changes
in the rules for measuring cotton when
planted in a skip-raw pattern for compliance
with acreage allotment. We have also made
a survey of the feelings of the farmers and
businessmen in this area.
It is our conclusion that your proposed
change in the ruling would be very harmful
to the farmers and the entire economy of
the south plains of Texas. The practice of
skip-row planting has been recommended
by various Government agencies such as the
Extension Service and Soil Conservation
Service. It has also been accepted by the
farmers as a sound agricultural practice.
The farmers tell us that the practice reduces
their cost of production, conserves moisture
and fertility, and increases the grade of
cotton.
Your proposed ruling would make it im-
possible for economic reasons for farmers to
continue this sound practice recommended
by other Government agencies.
Since the farmers are already caught in
a price squeeze, your proposed change in the
rules would bankrupt many of them and
vitally affect our entire economy.
The Littlefield Chamber of Commerce has
voted unanimously to ask you to please con-
sider not changing the rules on skip-row
planting. We leave this vital decision in
your hands.
Sincerely,
C. W. CONWAY, President.
CASTROVILLE CHAMBER OPPOSES
FIREARMS RESTRICTION
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, the di-
rectors of the Castroville, Tex., Chamber
of Commerce recently voted unanimously
to express its concern over Senate bill
1592. In order that other Senators may
judge the worries of Texans over this
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10988
roposed legislation, I ask that a letter
hich. I have received from the chamber
e printed in the 12,Ecoao.
There being no objection, the letter
,Ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
follows:
CASTROVILLE CHASID LEL OF COMMERCE,
Castroville, Tex., May 15, 1965.
nal:or Jour; TOWER,
ashington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: The directors of the Castro-
ille Chamber of Commerce, acting in behalf
f the civic minded citizens of this commu-
ty, have voted unar.imously to express to
ou their concern over Senate bill 1592, now
U esaihmittee. We agree that the suppression
t armed crime LS necessary. However, we
re strongly of the opinion that S. 1592 will
e not only ineffectual but harmful. Out-
awing firearms or severely restricting their
Wnership or procurement can have little
ffect on those who are willing to break the
aw, but such measures can place unreason-
ble restrictions on the enjoyment of health.
ul recreation by man:7 law-abiding citizens.
tirther, a disarmed population is at the
ercy of armed criminals or hostile forces.
he battles of Lexington and Gonzales were
ought by armed citizens to prevent the con-
scation of their arms by a tyrannical gov-
insolent.
Thank you, and with best regards, I am
Very truly yours,
LYNN BOEHME,
President,
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MIImlaesor.?
VIDE TO WASHINGTON FOR THE
PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED
Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, several
eeks ago, during t1.e hearing of House
Strict Committee'e Subcommittee on
apid Transit, I expressed my concern
r the architectural barriers to our
dicapped constituents. Since that
e, I have been informed that an archi-
ctural barriers project exists, for the
rpose of providing information for the
andicapped, as well as to alert the pub-
I" to the need for consideration of the
p oblems of the handicapped.
The architectural barriers project has
p blished a printed gaide to Washington
fir the handicapped. I bring this guide
the attention of Senators, in the hope
at it may assist them in giving infor-
ation to their constituents. The guides
a e available through the District of Co-
1 bin Society for Crippled Children, the
aryl and Society for Crippled Children
a d Adults, and the North Virginia So-
ci ty for Crippled Chi: dren and Adults.
I ask unanimous consent to have
p inted at this point in the RECORD ex-
c rpts from the guide, including the table
.o contents, and a fact sheet on the arch-
it aural barriers projaet.
There being no objection, the excerpts
a d the memorandura were ordered to
b printed in the RECORD, as follows:
A C UIDT TO WASHINGTON FOR THE PHYSICALLY
HANDICA ?FED
Inde
Re
PI
Sh
roduction
reacting this guide
ve-up telephones
els and motels
taurants
seurns, art galleries, .nonuments____
aters and auditoriums
reat Lon
?es of worship
pping areas and department stores__
Page
1
2
3
5
13
27
31
35
39
52
SS1 ONAL RECORD ? SENATE May 24, 1965
Index?Continued
Page
55
57
59
62
65
70
76
78
81
83
88
91
Local OVErnrnent services_
"For further information"
The metro= situation
Directories of other cities..
Organ ati ons for the handicapped
fIchoo
Librar es_
Post 0 CI*
Apartment s
Hospitals, olinics, surgical supplies
Federai Government buildings
Transports tion
Participati ig organizations_
INTRODUCTION
The architectural barriers project for the
Metropolitan Washington area is truly a
communits? undertaking. It Ls sponsored by
the Distrist of Columbia Commissioners
Committee on Employment of the Handi-
capped and by the District of :Columbia,
Maryland, and Northern Virginia Societies
for Crippled Children and Adults.
Many organizations, both public and pri-
vate, and nany individual volunteers have
devoted hours of their time to the produc-
tion of this guide. We wish to thank each
and every cne of them. This directory would
not have ben possible without the assistance
of these gr nips and individuals.
Fornis provided by the National Society for
Crippled Children and Adults were used for
surveying ss number of the facilities listed
here arid ws wish to thank the society for its
valuable st. pport. We also wish to express
our ap reciation to the owners, managers, or
employ es of the various places surveyed.
Their coop tration made the task a much
more please nt one for our volunteers.
EADING THIS DIRECTORY
This dire otory lists only a cross section of
the facilitics in the area. There are many
not listed that have level entrances; i.e., most
stores, Service facilities, and movie theaters.
Realizing that a step or curb is as great a
barrier as a flight of stairs for many an
otherwise cc mpletely independent operator of
wheelchair and car, we have noted these
whenever known. Curbs in the District vary
in heights up to 8 inches. The average
height ifs 7 nches.
Thosq facilities marked with a "W" have
been fonnd accessible and usable by a person
in a wheelchair, restroom facilities always
excepted. In all other listings the front
entrance is level unless another entrance is
mentioned, n which case it is the one to be
used. f th !re is an attendant to park your
car, if leader dogs are allowed, or chairs have
arms, it will be mentioned if we have the
information When restroom is on level
this will be noted as accessible, meaning no
steps bUt stall doors less than 28 inches.
Most reetaumnt chairs are sturdy, without
arms. ,
FART IC/PAT/NG ORGANIZATIONS
District of Columbia Commissioners' Com-
mittee qn t tie Employment of the Handi-
capped.
Easter, Seal Societies of the Metropolitan
Washington area.
African Msthosiist Episcopal Alliance.
Americian. Association of Retired Persons.
American Institute of Architects, Metro-
politan West ington Chapter.
Amerilan veterans Committee.
Architect of the Capitol.
ARFAK C. 3. Radio Club.
Association of Oldest Inhabitants.
Beta Sigma Phi Sorority of Belair, Bowie,
Md.
Bethesda-Chevy Chase Rotary Club.
B'nai
Bnai B'rith Women.
Board of T'ade, Metropolitan Washington.
Catholio Cid) of Georgetown.
Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co.
Civitan, Club of Hyattsville.
92
Approved For Releas
Connecticut Avenue Citizens Association.
Council of Churches of Greater Washing-
ton.
District of Columbia Department of Build-
ings and Grounds.
District of Columbia Department of Voca-
tional Rehabilitation.
Episcopal Diocese of Washington.
Federation of Business & Professional
Women's Clubs, District of Columbia.
Federation of Business & Professional
Women's Clubs, Silver Springs.
Federation of Citizens Associations.
Federation of Civic Associations.
General Services Administration, Region 3.
Health and Welfare Council.
Homemakers Clubs of Prince George's
County.
Hot Shoppes.
Hotel Association. of Washinton, D.C.
Howard University.
Junior League of Washington.
Indoor Sports Club, Inc., of Washington,
D.C.
Kiwanis Club of Washington.
Methodist Churches of the Washington
Districts.
Minute Women of . Prince George's County.
Multiple Sclerosis Association of Greater
Washington.
Multiple_ Sclerosis National Society, Wash-
ington, D.C. Chapter.
Muscular Dystrophy Association of Amer-
ica, Inc. Greater Washington Chapter.
National Association of the Physically
Handicapped.
NAPH Nation's eapital Chapter.
National Paraplegia Foundation, National
Capital Area Chapter.
NOR-VA Cedarettes.
Opening Doors.
Paralyzed Veterans of America.
PVA Capital Area Chapter.
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation De-
partment of Georgetown University Hospital
& Student Rehabilitation Nurses.
Restaurant Association of Metropolitan
Washington, Inc.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washing-
ton.
Smithsonian Institution.
United Cerebral Palsy of Washington, D.C.
VOICE.
Washington Building Congress.
FOR ADDITIONAL CO:PIES OF THISDIRECTORY
Single copies of dais booklet are available
at 25 cents each to Cover handling and post-
age. Bulk copies are available at a discount
price. Write to:
The District of Columbia Society for
Cripple Children, 2800 13th Street NW.,
Washington, D.C. 20009.
The Maryland Society for Crippled Chil-
dren and Adults, 9422 Annapolis Road, Lan-
ham, Md.
Northern Viginia Society for Crippled Chil-
dren and Adults. 3501 Columbia Pike,
Arlington, Va.
To LIST. A FACILITY
Anyone wishing to have a facility listed
in the next edition of this publication should
write to: The Distriet of Columbia Society
for Crippled Children, at the above address,
with information concerning parking, curb
height, steps, inside accessibility, and, in
appropriate cases (hotels, motels, apart-
ments, etc.) information on bathroom
stalldoor widths, basin heights,
etc.
Accessible and usable buildings will help
over 202,000 persons. in the metropolitan
area who are over 65 years old;- plus approxi-
mately 50,000 with . heart ailments; 3,500
wearing leg braces or artificial limbs; 3,000,
not in institutions, who are confined to
wheelchairs; added thousands who, due to
polio, multiple sclerosis or cerebral damage,
cannot balance well enough to go up or down
a curb or steps safely; and thousands more
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1.0 62 ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE
subniitted to ).5 years of attack by the FDA that landscape is the necessary counterpoint
without ever being charged in a court where
he could defend himself on the rnerits.of, the
case, Fredericks said he gained his doctor's
degree from NYC` despite alleged attempts
by MA to discourage the faculty from mak-
ing the aware Over the years his broadcast-
ing 'Career had been injured by a barrage of
neWs releases from FDA's public relations
office calling him "incompetent," Freder-
icks said, and pointed out that FDA had
seized copies of his books from a small vita-
min manufacturer when the books were used
to instruct salesmen.
In his final ,statement, Senator Lorin said,
"An. agency of the Federal Government has
been accused 'of obtaining evidence at any
price. * * ? MA prior to this hearing has
been uncooperative with this congressional
committee. ? ? ? We've never before had to
subpena Government agents." LONG DISC
said that "If the FDA spent less time spying
on and_ raiding churches and small manufac-
turers Of vitamins, and more time looting
into the large firms which manufacture clan-
geroits drugs like thalidomide, the situation
Would be greally improved."
ARCHITECTS WAGE "WAR ON
T.71:43AN UGLINESS"
Mi. RIBI(ZOF'P'. Mr. President, the
architects of, America are being called
on to a greater extent then ever before to
assist local, State, and Federal officials
responsible for providing a proper physi-
cal envirOnMent for the people of this Na-
tion, In a statement before irly Subcom-
mittee on Executive Reorganization, the
American In?titute of Architects reiter-
ated its long-standing support for the
establishment of a Cabinet-level Depart-
ment of lousing and Urban Develop-
ment, stating:
The problems of urban America are so
complex and mup,erons that they have
aareuly exceeded the abilities of many corn-
EntinIties to cope with them. The Institute
belieyeli, that, their solution requires a
ooPrclinated attack by today's society in
which the recieral government's responsi-
bility is undertaken by a Cabinet Rank
Depairtment.
?.
ReCently the President and Secretary
Of Interior askedihe architeqt.s of Amer-
ica to assist in the effort to Clean up and
beautify the Potomac River,
I understand that the New York chap-
ter of the institute will offer a resqlution
art the coming national convention of the
AIA to estahlish a standing committee on
the natural environment. The concern
and interest of the architects is an en-
couraging sign that we will win the battle
against blight and pollution and the
other environinental scars of our Nation,
I ask unanimous consent to include at
this point in the RECORD a copy the
resolution referred to,
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RESMUTION To EsrAnusn A STANDING COM-
Lanni OF TI4E NEW YORK CHAPTER OF THE
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
Whereas trii# region, and this conntry,
AilltpI.Jespond to the rise In urban papule-
'. ton py providing shelter, workspace and
transportation equal to this tremendous in-
creas6; and
Whereas the aim of the architect is to con-
,. .
serve intelligently and creatively while
buildtng intelligently, whereas the failure
to preserve natural areas is virtually irre-
trievable, and Whereas the architect believes
to the cityscape:
Therefore this resolution Moves to estab-
lish a standing committee of the chapter,
to be called the committee on the natural
environment and further sets forth the pur-
poses of this committee would be?
To reassert and amplify the position that
the informed soncern of the architect is
for. the total environment of man, and for
all elements of the scene and of the natural
environment?of air, water, and land as well
as for the urban scene;
To seek to make policymakers fully con-
scious of the need to consider the esthetics
of the natural environment and to be
aware of the contribution which the design
profession can make in this regard;
To foster studies of programs and tech-
niques for identifying and preserving the
remnants of the national inheritance and of
restoring natural environments, particu-
larly those in or near urban areas;
To raise the collective voice and to use
the influence of the architect in support of
those forces working toward eradication of
air and water pollution and toward esthe-
tically acceptable solutions to solid waste,
disposal;
o establish permanent personal liaison
with the guiding minds of all organizations
concerned with the natural environment so
as to engender an exchange of ideas, to foster
working relationships and to develop action
programs for the consideration of this chap-
ter;
To seek to join with other chapters and
with the other design professions?land-
scape architects, planners, industrial design-
ers, and engineers?in initiating a full scale
program of research to creatively deal with
the outrages of signscape, junkscape, wire-
scape, wastescape, dozerscape, siltscape, and
all other visual desecrations of the natural
environment;
To actively seek philanthropic funds for
the establishment of staffed programs con-
cerned with the matters herein set forth?
either on a permanent or task force basis;
and it is further
Resolved, That these matters be brought
before the forthcoming convention of the
institute for consideration by the national
body; and it is also resolved ,that the insti-
tute be urged to expand the war on urban
ugliness program to include suburbia, ex-
urbia, nd rural and wild America.
THIRD ANNIVERSARY OF
THE CUBAN REPUBLIC
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, today,
May 20, we celebrate the 63d anniversary
of the establishment of the Cuban Re-
public.
It is a day that is celebrated by all
People and by all the freedom loving cit-
izens of the Americas.
It is one of the great tragedies of his-
tory that the Cuban people, who fought
so heroically and sacrificed so much to
win their freedom from Spanish imperial
rule, should now be oppressed by an in-
finitely more ruthless and inhuman form
of colonialism.
There are those who say that it is
wrong for America to intervene in Cuba,
even to the limited extent of granting
tolerance to the thousands of Cuban
freedom fighters who are working for
the liberation of their country from
abroad. They say that if the Cuban
people want communism, that is their
business.
I find it difficult to understand the
blindness and the total lack of humani-
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May 20, 1965
tarian feeling or morality suggested by
this attitude.
The Castro regime did not come into
existence because the Cuban people
wanted communism. The fact is that
the Cuban people were never given this
option?and if they had been given this
option I am certain that they would have
rejected communism overwhelmingly.
The Cuban people wanted more
liberty, they wanted an end to the abuses
that had characterized the Batista re-
gime, they wanted a return to constitu-
tional democratic government.
It was these things and not commu-
nism that Castro promised the Cuban
people.
And if Castro enjoyed a brief period of
popularity after he came to power, it
was because the Cuban people truly be-
lieved that he was going to give them
freedom and democracy.
But it soon became apparent, even to
those who had doubted, that the Castro
movement was neither nationalist nor
democratic, that it was controlled by a
small number of hard core Communists,
bent on converting Cuba into a totali-
tarian satellite of world communism.
The Cuban people soon came to
realize, too, that the Castro regime was
not a reform movement, but a quisling
tyranny created by the Kremlin as a
base for the subversion of Latin America.
The 200,000 Cuban refugees who
abandoned everything they possessed to
escape from Castro's paradise, attest to
the intense hatred of the Cuban people
for this regime of oppression and misery
and national treason.
The thousands of Cuban patriots who
are fighting in the mountains, in open
defiance of Castro's firing squads, also
attest to this.
Every day witnesses new acts of re-
sistance by the Cuban people, while new
guerrilla bands and new resistance lead-
ers continue to spring up to take the
place of those who have fallen in the
struggle.
The recent events in the Dominican
Republic should be an adequate answer
to those who, while they do not like
Castro, tell us that Castro should be re-
garded as a nuisance rather than a dag-
ger at our throats.
Only the courageous and resolute ac-
tion of President Johnson prevented the
emergence of a second Castro regime in
the Carribbean. I believe this is now
realized by the great majority of the
Latin American diplomats stationed in
Santo Domingo and by the great major-
ity of the governments of the Americas.
But, even though the Communists have
been frustrated in the Dominican Re-
public, the danger to the security and
independence of the Latin American
countries will remain serious so long as
the Castro regime is permitted to exist.
Communists never give up unless they
are decisively defeated. The setback in
Santo Domingo will not discourage Cas-
tro. On the contrary, there is every
reason to believe that his apparatus of
trained agents and guerrilla fighters is
even now planning more uprisings in
other Latin American countries.
As I have stated on previous occasions,
I believe we have been too passive in our
d y 2
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1965 CONGRESSION , L RECORD ? SENATE ? 10661
want to assure my colleagues that
god progress is being made in resource
d velopm nt in my home State of Wis-
e nsin.
lIn a pti. Union
statement of the National
Farmers last March it was con-
tended that almost two-thirds of our
cropland can construCtively use con-
s4rvatiox treatment. Furthermore,
tlaree-foi4rths of our privately owned
pasture nd rangeland and more than
half of ur private forests can benefit
from co4servstion treatment. Pollution
o streans and siltation of resources are
commonplace.
, The N tional Farmers Union urges the
Federal ,Government to get on more
^ pidly 'with the soil and water con-
rvatior work in America. .. ask unani-
ous consent that the policy statement
o the National Farmers Union be
p inted n the RECORD.
I There being no objection, the state-
ment wa,s ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, s follows:
EXCERPT ROM 1965 POLICY STAT IMENT OP NA-'
TIONAL FARMERS UNION
!
AGRIC1JLTUEAL CONSERVATION AND LAND USE
, Techni al assistance in soil and water con-
rvation 1 should continue to be extended
rough lbcal soil conservation districts, goy-
. ed by democratically elected committees.
, The conservation needs inventory estab-
lished the fact that our investment in con-
servation?both public and private?is run-
ning onl at one-third of the desired level
df $2.5 b Ilion annually. Almcst two-thirds
4.if our opland needs conservation treat-
eiat. ee-fourths of our privately
owned p ture and rangeland and more than
f of r ourva t io private rea troo
foreste t .Pollution
and woodlandf o
(Ineeeds
realms nd siltation of reservoirs are com-
onplac
, Pedera cost sharing with farmers is a
major in, entive, in the effort to meet the
deed for !conservation of those resources. It
produces conservation far beyond its public
Cost. We support, therefore, increasing
tunds for the SCS and ACP in keeping with
iionservation needs inventory.
i The Great Plains conservation program
has bee in use long enough to prove its
Value in sch1ev1ng land Use adjustment and
Le corvation of land and water. We
comme d that its principles be extended
to includje all agricultural land in the United
tates.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND COST SHARING
Each family farmer and rancher should
have conveniently available to him corn-
etent federally financed technical assistance
nd adecjuate cost-sharing programs needed
y him t develop and put into operation his
wn tec nica:ly sound conservation plan, so
that he inay use each acre of his farmland
thin i s capabilities and tz eat it in ac-
ordance with its need for protection and
mprovezient including' all the soil, water
nd tim er resources upon which his fam-
Isi's liv ihood and the Naticn's long-term
ecurity epend.
We ar unalterably opposed to the Budget
Bureau roposal for Congress to authorize a
evolvin fund through which soil conserve-
ion di tricts and farmers and ranchers
would p y the Federal Ciovernment a part of
he cost of technical assistance.
EXTE SION OF MEDICAL ASSIST-
ANC TO NEEDY BLIND AND DIS-
I ABL D PERSONS?RESOLUTION
OF ISCONSIN LEGISLATURE
LMr. PROXMIRE. Mr. Fresident: re-
ently he Wisconsin Legis] attire Passed
a joint resolution asking Congress to
broaden the prcnisions of the Kerr-
Mills Act, Public Law 86-778.
The resolution would extend medical
assistance to needy persons who are blind
and disabled, even though they are un-
der 65 years of 'age
I ask unaninious consent that the joint
resolution be printed in the RECORD:
There being nc objection, the joint
resolution was: orcered to be printed in
the RECORD, as loll aws :
SENATE JotNT RESOLUTION 9
Joint resolution :memorializing the Congress
of the United States to amend the Kerr-
Mills Act, Public taw 88-778
Resolved by the Sf nate (the assembly con-
curring), That this legislature respectfully
petitions the Chrigr 3ss of the United States
to amend the Xers-Mills Act, Public Latv
88-778, to include medical assistance to needy
persons who are alind or disabled even
though under 65 years of age; be it further
Resolved, Thl a c .uly attested copy of this
resolution be i nediately transmitted to the
Secretary of the Senate of the United States,
the Clerk of the E.ouse of Representatives
of the United Slates, and to each Member of
the Congress from ;his State.
PK MICK J. SEREEY,
I resident of the Senate.
WI.LIANE P. NUGENT,
' Ch'ef Clerk of the Senate.
ROBERT T. Huss,
Speaker of the Assembly.
JA MKS S. BUCKLEY,
Chief Clerk of the Assembly.
BIG BROTRER- -SENATE INVESTI-
GATION OF TACTICS OF HEALTH
LAW ENFORCERS
Mr. LONG: of Missouri. Mr. 'Presi-
dent, my "Big Brother" item today is a
very good review in Health Bulletin, of
May 1,1965, of our hearings on invasions
of privacy by the :Pood and Drug Admin-
,
stration.
I ask unanimous consent that the
article be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered tO be printed in the RECORD,
as follows: ;
SENATE INVESTI,ATIONS EXAMINERS TACTICS OF
HEAleril :-.15V ENFORCERS
Does the Ford and Drug Administration
take out after ,food supplement sellers and
supposed health quacks with methods that
trample on sirens' constitutional rights?
The Senate Su cou rnittee on Administrative
Practice and Procedure, headed by Senator
EDWARD V. LONG, 13 taking a close look at
that question In a series of hearings, which
started this week.
Spokesmen for the vitamin and food sup-
plement induFDA oppose to all dietary supple:nenta-
r
is y told the Senators that.
tion as supetfluc us and unneeded, even
though Government studies indicate that
many familes o rot have diets considered
best for the maintenance of good health and
physical well-being. They objected to FDA's
use of listening devices, concealed. radio
transmitter and waat they- called discrimi-
natory enforcemert methods against food
supplement sellers. K. W. Dilling, an attor-
ney and geneial counsel for the National
Association of Ford Supplement Manufac-
turers and Dietributors also scored FDA's
efforts to brat*" dietary supplementation as
"quackery" or "food faddism." "Notably
absent has been ay FDA publicity deplor-
ing extensive lase af cigarettes, soft drinks,
alcoholic bevetagez , candy, and other items
which make n contribution to the national
Approved For Releas
health, and which in fact are often harmful,"
Dilling said.
Ellis Arnall, former Governor of Georgia
and chief witness during the first day of
hearings, submitted documents to support
a charge that "The Food atd Drug Admin-
istration is corrupt; they contaminate and
they have lied in court." He introduced
documents to support his contention. The
charge of perjury was made primarily against
Glenn E. Schreiber, an FDA inspector who
Arnall claims lied 28 times 'ander oath dur-
ing proceedings brought against PI esto
Foods, Ine., of Kansas City,
Five officials of FDA are appearing before
the committee this week. ;Senator Lona re-
quested the hearing because FDA's Kansas
City office employed concealed electronic
recording devices in an at;empt to secure
evidence of mislabeling of Presto Foods' Al-
lerjoy, a product sold as a milk substitute
for children and adults allergic to milk".
FDA Commissioner George P. Larrick told.
the committee that his agency uses electronic
transmitting and recording equipment to en-
force laws against sales of amphetamines and
barbiturates. "Radio transmitters are used
also to enable us to follow the progress of
our own undercover man and determine
when his life is in danger because of the
character of the individuals he must contact
to detect law violations," "Airsick told LONG.
The Kansas City case required that FDA
inspector Schreiber seize a pamphlet about
Allerjoy from two lady schoolteachers who
allegedly were demonstrating it in a super-
market at Shawnee Village, Kans. "In view
of the simplicity of this case, I can't see the
need for use of electronic equipment and
Gestapo tactics," Loam comnented.
The electronic gear in question?that used
in the Kansas City seizure?is known as a
Kel-Kit unit. It consists of a wireless trans-
mitter about the size of a package of cigar-
ettes, which broadcasts monitored conversa-
tions to a receiver and taoe recorder con-
cealed in a briefcase. In his appearance
before the subcommittee, Dining gave this
opinion of the use of recording devices by
FDA: "This is trampling upon traditional
American rights. The planting of these de-
vices is thoroughly un-American and thor-
oughly reprehensible." In answer to a ques-
tion by Senator LONG, Dilling said that "the
use of 'snooping devices' is a very common
practice of this agency ? * I* sometimes they
'bug' a whole house. ? * ? It's been my
experience in dealing with FDA cases that
the use of these devices is extensive, general,
and accepted by this agency." Dilling's
testimony came in the face of A. E. Rayfield's
contention that FDA uses electronic record-
ing equipment only in eirUeme situations.
Raylleld is Director of the Bureau of Regu-
latory Compliance.
During the 3 days of hearings, Loam's
committee also heard testimony from Oscar
H. Brinkman, attorney for Washington's
Church of Scientology and from Wayne
Rohrer, the church's minister. Brinlcman
attacked the FDA for seizing a religious ma-
chine which he said merely measured emo-
tional reactions. At the same time FDA
condoned dangerous use of electric shock de-
vices by psychiatrists, Brin_kman said, even
though they had led to some people being
electrocuted. Brinkman told LONG that
Federal officials accompanied by 6 to 10 or
more armed U.S. marshals swarmed the
church, grabbed books from the hands of
students and ministers, broke into confes-
sional rooms, and invaded the privacy of
ministers. Be said that FDA had not pre-
viously requested that use of the machine
be halted.
On Thursday Senator LONG and nutrition-
ist Carlton Fredericks said that FDA con-
centrates on small companies and persons
with unusual approaches to disease and goes
easier on big companies. Fredericks told the
Senate Judiciary Suboominittee studying in-
vasion of private rights that he had been
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May AO, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
attitude toward the Castro regime. We
have been too prone to accept its exist-
ence as permanent, too willing to place
restriction on Cuban freedom fighters
seeking the liberation of their country.
It is ray hope that the current events
In the Dominican Republic will cause the
people of the Americas to open their
eyes, and encourage them to more reso-
lute measures and to greater unity in
dealing with the common menace of Cas-_
troism.
It is my hope that the governments of
the Americas will see fit to commit them-
selves to a declaration of freedom and
independence for the Cuban people.
It. is my hope that the free world na-
tions now trading with Cuba will give
more consideration to the fact that their
trade makes it easier for Castro to keep
the Cuban people in chains.
Finally, it is my hope that we will show
at least as much tolerance toward Cuban
freedom fighters seeking to operate from
our shores as we showed for the agents
Of the Castro movement who used the
United States as their chief base of op-
eration when they were working for the
overthrown of Batista.
Castro must go. And I am as con-
fident as I am of anything that the day
Is not too far distant when the Cuban
People?hopefully with our assistance--
will toss Fidel Castro and his quisling
henchmen into the dust bin of history,
to join the many other tyrants and des-
pots who have been discarded by people
who suffered much but who one day de-
cided they would no longer tolerate tyr-
anny.
hope that we in America, in observing
this occasion will commit ourselves anew
to the support of the Cuban people in
the heroic struggle they are today wag-
ing for liberation from the monstrously
Inhuman regime that governs their coun-
try.
BANK MERGER ACT
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr, President,
this morning Reno Odlin, president of
the American Bankers Association, and
chairman of the board of the Puget
Sound National Bank, of Tacoma, Wash.,
appeared and spoke in support of Senate
bill 1698, before the Subcommittee on
Financial Institutions, of the Senate
Committee on Banking and Currency.
His complete and illuminating statement
shbws the confusion and controversy
which now exist in the field of bank
mergers, and explains the reason why en-
actment of my bill, S. 1698, to amend the
Bank Merger Act, is needed in order to
clear up the situation.
I ask unanimous consent to have his
statement printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT OF RENO ODLIN
My name is Reno Odlin. I am president of
the kmeri,Call Bankers Association and chair-
man,ot tbe board of the Puget Sound Na-
tional Bank, Tacoma, Wash. I am appearing
here today on behalf of the association in
support of S. 1698, a bill designed to eliminate
the confusion and chaos surrounding the
whole question of bank mergers.
Before making specific comments on the
bill under consideration, it might be well to
take a brief look at some of the economic
factors that have prompted mergers in all
lines of business and commerce since World
War II.
One of the prime reasons for mergers is
the lack of qualified successor management.
Many industries were not hiring new em-
ployees during the 1930's because they didn't
need them. They didn't hire them during
the war years because they couldn't get them.
As a result some companies lacked depth in
management and when it came time for top
executives to retire there were not enough
capable and experienced men coming along
behind them. Many smaller companies solved
this problem through mergers with larger
firms that had larger pools of talent. This
same pattern held true in banking and
prompted many mergers.
The second major reason for bank mergers
was directly related to the dynamic perform-
ance of the economy. In the past two dec-
ades, the economy, measured in terms of out-
put of goods and services, generally referred
to as the gross national product, has grown
by 192 percent, reaching an annual rate of
$623 billion at the end of 1964. But while
GNP was rising by 192 percent, commercial
and industsial loans were increasing by 480
percent, rising to more than $55 billion in
mid-1964. Domestic private investment dur-
ing the same 20-year period rose by '750 per-
cent to nearly $88 billion at the end of 1964.
Over the two decades, expenditures for plant
and equipment jumped by 470 percent,
The rapid increase in economic activity
caused a quickened rate of growth in the
size of many corporations which in turn put
presure on banks for more diversified serv-
ices. As credit demands of corporations
grew, some smaller banks began to feel the
restrictions on their lending limits and de-
cided that mergers would enable them to in-
crease their lending capacities.
The third element encouraging mergers
has been the efforts of commercial banks to
meet the financial needs of the American
public during a period of expansion and
rapidly changing economic and population
patterns. These developments have resulted
in a huge demand for a growing variety of
bank services, particularly those oriented
toward consumers which involve high-vol-
ume operations. For example, some merg-
ers have occurred Baa result of two small
or medium-sized banks desiring to obtain
the modern and expensive electronic data-
processing equipment that has spread so
rapidly in banking in the past decade.
Finally, some bank mergers have occurred
In recent years as a result of the efforts of
the bank regulatory agencies to prevent a
bank suspension. These so-called "shotgun
mergers" can do much to preserve the sta-
bility and strength of the banking system.
But it should be obvious that the manage-
ment of any bank approached by the regula-
tory authorities with a request that it ab-
sorb a weak bank in the community would
be very reluctant to do so if the merger
might be subsequently challenged in the
courts on the grounds of competition alone.
Those of us who make our living in bank-
ing, as well as experienced observers of the
banking scene, know full well that competi-
tion in banking?and between banks and
other financial institutions?is stronger
today than at any time in the past.
It is my own judgment that on balance
the many bank mergers in the postwar pe-
riod, rather than diminishing competition,
have in fact led to increased competition,
both among banks and between banks and
other types of financial institutions.
BACKGROUND OF THE BANK MERGER ACT
In 1950, section '7 of the Clayton Act was
amended to prohibit mergers through asset
acquisition as well as stock acquisition in
10663
any line of commerce in any section of the
country where the result could tend to
reduce competition substantially. The
amendment, however, covered only corpora-
tions under the jurisdiction of the Federal
Trade Commission. Banks have never been
under the jurisdiction of the Fro.
During the 1950's, as the number of bank
mergers increased, the Justice Department
sought legislation to subject banks to the
new section 7 of the Clayton Act. The Jus-
tice Department wanted the change because
It recognized that it lacked authority under
section 7 of the Clayton Act as amended.
Moreover, until recently, it was almost uni-
versally believed that bank mergers would
not be subject to section 1 of the Sherman
Act.
Congress flatly rejected these proposals of
the Justice Department to make section '7
of the Clayton Act applicable to bank merg-
ers. But, at the same time, Congress saw
the need for legislation to establish clear
and uniform standards governing bank
mergers, and it saw the need to specify
which agency of Government should have
the final authority over bank mergers?the
Justice Department or the three Federal
bank supervisory authorities.
The Bank Merger Act of 1960 was intended
to answer both requirements. The act gave
the final authority over bank mergers to the
three bank Supervisory agencies?the Fed-
eral Reserve System for State member banks,
the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
for insured nonmember banks, and the
Comptroller of the Currency for national
banks. Under the legislation the banking
agency having jurisdiction is required to
request a report on the competitive aspects
of a merger under consideration from the
Justice Department. The agency having ju-
risdiction is also required to request reports
on competitive factors from the other two
banking agencies.
The competitive factor is then weighed
along with such factors as the financial his-
tory and condition of the banks involved,
the adequacy of their capital structures, the
general character of the banks' management,
and the convenience and needs of the com-
munity to be served. The agencies are re-
quired to reject any merger application if,
after giving full consideration to all such
factors, they do not find the transaction to
be in the public interest.
In passing the Bank Merger Act, Congress
decided that the public interest is best served
by subjecting bank mergers to a balanced
test of cempetition and protection of sound
banking rather than to the single test of
competition under the antitrust standards.
I don't think the intent of Congress could
have been stated more clearly than it was at
the time the Bank Merger Act was passed.
Senator FULBRIGHT, Democrat, of Arkansas,
who was chairman of the Senate Banking
and Currency Co.mmittee when the bill was
brought to a vote on the floor of the Senate,
said, "As it passed the Senate, S. 1062 (the
Bank Merger Act) expressed the view of the
Senate, for the third time, that bank mergers
should be regulated by the Federal banking
agencies on the basis of banking factors and
the competitive factors, with no single factor
being controlling. S. 1062 was a clear state-
ment, for the third time, of the Senate's
view that the provisions of section 7 of the
Clayton Act should not apply to bank
mergers."
The Senator went on to point out that "the
amendments to S. 1062 made by the House do
not change this aspect of the bill. The House
has agreed with the Senate that bank merg-
ers should be controlled by the Federal bank-
ing agencies on the basis of both banking
factors and competitive factors, and that sec-
tion 7 of the Clayton Act should continue to
be inapplicable to bank mergers."
The intent of the bill was also stated by
tl;)e majority leafier of the Spate, Lyndon B.
A rirtretlinri--=nr DnIcAnc-in. Inn-Ain-wan ? riA_DnDa7rtrinAAnDnarvgnnnRrannc_A-
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CONGRESS'
n, who inserted the following State-
into the RECORD just before the bill
d:
bill establishes v.niforrn and clear
aids, including both banking and corn-
peti ire factors, for the coasideration of pro-
po d bank mergers. It eliminates a number
of , pa in the statutory framework, which
no permit many bank mergers to occur with
no evien by any Federal agency. It pro-
vid s for a thorough review by the appro.,
pri to Federal bank supeevisory agency, un-
der these comprehensive etandards, and with
thej benefit of any information which may be
su plied by the Department of Justice in the
report required from them, of the bank merg..
ersi by asset acquisition and other means
-
? Ch are now and will continue to be exempt
trcm the antimerger provisions of section 7
of he Clayton Antitrust act."
he majority leader added: "The repeated
provements [in this hill] ? show the
1 merits, the real benefits of the legate-
e process at its best."
e intent of Congress in passing the
uk Merger Act was very clear. Yet, in
ne of 1965, following 2 years of litigation,
e Supreme Court in ruling on a merger
two banks in Philadephia which had been
proved by the Comptroller of the Currency,
Id the merger violated section 7 of the
a3rton Act.
Justice Harlan, who disagreed with the
ajority, said, "I suspect that no one will
e more surprised than the Government to
nd that the Clayton Act carried the day for
case in court. Th 3 result is, of course,
at the Bank Merger Act is almost corn-
letely nullified; its enactment turns out to
eve been an exorbitant waste of eongres-
ena![ time and energy. This frustration of
Manifest congressic nal design is, in my
law, a most unesarranted Intrusion upon the
egishative domain."
subsequently, the Supreme Court ruled
bat two banks in Lexington, Hy., which had
? erged in accordance with the provisions of
the Bank Merger Act Were in violation of the
Sherman Act. 'Then in March 1965, a Fed-
eral district cdurt in New York ruled that
the Manufacturers Trast Co. and the Hanover
Bank- violated both toe Clayton Act and the
Sherman Act when they merged in 1961, after
they had received the approval of the Federal
Reserve Board.
. On the baste of these enlings the Depart-
ment Of Justiee could now challenge all of
the More than 2,000 bank mergers which
have been emesurtunated since the Clayton
Act was amended in 1950.
TUE PlIAPOSE OF S. 1698
Obvithisly, there is a clear need for the
legislation that is now before this com-
mittee. The ground rules governing bank
Mergers must be reaffirmed and the dark
clouds of cotifusior must be removed from
the numerouS bank mergers that have been
consummated in good faith under the law of
the land.
S. 1698 wottld Eerie both of these purposes.
rt 'would plade bank Mergers virtually in the
same categcrrk isa in .3rgers in other highly reg-
ulated industries.
er is n 6 '
p . question that the banking in-
tias ry is eine -Of the Most tightly regulated
industries in the Nation. Before a bank is
Wen chartered, the banking agencies must
be assured that sach a bank, if chartered,
amid meet the ne ads and convenience of the
Unity; The agencies must also deter-
e that The bank, if chartered, will have
asentinTS eliaticenef succeeding. A bank
ot 'ennaterrible to other businesses and
viewed differentlyby the public at large.
en a -harik.'-fails, repercussions are felt
tnroughoutnhe cceamunity. Last year, there
-Were 18,50r business failures. This figure
:About average. Yet when eight banks
total' ttert6ellz 'amounting to eight one-
Saintithanf 1 percent of an bank deposits
109/26 relA4RDP67B00446R0005000_ _80005-4
NAL RECORD ? SENATE Mail 2O1965
failed in 196e, It made headlines and led to a
congressional investigation, with which, in-
cidentally, we have indicated our full coop-
eration. in short, a single bank failure is
cause for benorn because of the 'human and
economic pro! lams it creates for the com-
munity. 'That is why entry into the banking
business fe controlled.
Once a 'cheater is granted to a bank, the
bank beep:3meg subject to very strict regula-
tions whibh prescribe the amount a bank
may lend to :al individual or a corporation,
how much it can pay in interest to attract
deposits, llow much it must maintain in cash
reserves, and 3, host of other limitations. In
fact, regullations pervade the whole spectrum
of bank ,opel ations. Through periodic ex-
aminations, lank supervisory agencies make
sure that th regulations are observed.
By using these tools?regulation and ex-
amination?bank supervisory authorities can
control Competition in banking on a con-
tinuing basis to make sure the system is
sound and the public interest is protected.
Mr. Chairman, the American. Bankers As-
sociatiod en 'tends that the intimate work-
ing knOwlectge of banking gained by the
supervisors In their daily association with
banks ie essential In regulating competition
In banking. It is also our centention that
this know-how is basic in considering the
merits Or bank mergers. Therefore, we are
in full Cups ort of S. 1698 which would place
bank Mergers under the jurisdiction of the
three Feclei al bank supervisory agencies.
The austice Department would still play
an advisory role in that the banking agency
having jurisdiction would have to request
a repott on the competitive aspects of any
merger" miler consideration. The banking
agency woald also have to request reports
on conmentive factors from the other two
banking agencies.
But :the first provision of S. 1698 would
give the Federal bank supervisory agencies
the ft al authority over bank mergers, which
was What Congress intended when it passed
the Hank Merger Act in 1900. It would
exemPt b tnk mergers from the provisions
of thp Sherman Act and section 7 of the
Claynen A a.
Tku: ovzsriox OE trNMERCING BANKS
The second provision of S. 1698 is designed
to preveet the courts from ' breaking up
mergers that were consummated under ap-
propriate regulatory authority. Five merg-
ers ate now in the courts. Over 2,000 others
coul4 be challenged by the Department of
Justice under the Supreme Court's Inter-
pretation of the antitrust laws.
"tImnerging" a bank after the two banks
have operated as a single unit is night-
marish c Yen in the abstract. The relation-
ship, between a depositor or borrower said
his tank is based on mutual confidence and
trust. In many cases, corporations and in-
dividuals select a particular bank because
the : bark offers the exact combination of
services needed. This is particularly true
when trust services are involved.
14 a beak were to unmerge, internal work-
ing; efficiency would he shattered. The CUB-
tOTDST, who has not been given much con-
sideration In this whole question, would then
be race i with the decision of which one of
the teen "u_nmerged" banks he would pa-
tronize If the relationship is broken, the
cuetorner may decide that he does not want
to ;get his business mixed up in the un-
screarntling process and select neither of
th ten unmerged banks but a different
bamk, and in all probability, a larger one.
Zr this pattern of shifting to a larger bank
in' lien of the unmerged banks prevailed,
witat effect would this have on competition?
Inateai of increasing competition, it is likely
that nnraerging of banks would lead to an
Inpreate in concentration In banking. This
cannot be in the public interest.
Few observers believe the Justice Depart-
Ment would attempt to break up the 2,000-
odd bank mergers that have taken place
since 1950. It would certainly create chaos
in the financial system. But here again the
question is one of equity and fair play.
Should the Justice Department question
some mergers and not others when they were
approved by the same Federal authorities
under the same law? After all we boast loud
and long about being a government of laws
and not of men.
The American Bankers Association strongly
urges that all bank mergers which have been
consummated, after receiving the approval
of appropriate regulatory authorities, in-
cluding those now being challenged in courts,
be permitted to Starlit.
CONCLUSION
The executive council of the American
Bankers Association, the ruling body of the
association with members representing all
divisions, sections, and committees of the
ABA and all States in the Union, unani-
mously supports S. 1698. I request per-
mission to insert the resolution in the record
of these hearings. Many State bankers as-
sociations have taken similar action and
indications are that others will do the same.
Mr. Chairman, these actions by the ABA,
which represents 98 percent of the Nation's
commercial banks, plus the support coming
from :State bankers associations, demonstrate
without doubt that the banking industry
favors this legislation..
In our judgment, the present state of con-
fusion in the field of bank mergers must be
eliminated so that bankers can get back
to their main task?meeting fully and ef-
ficiently the financial needs of the American
economy. S. 1698 can clarify the whole sit-
uation and I urge its prompt passage.
Thank you very much.
SUPPORT OF PRESIDENT JOHN-
SON'S POLICIES ON SOUTHEAST
ASIA
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, it is en-
couraging to see large segments of the
American press underscore the wide ac-
ceptance and approval of our President's
Policies in southeast Asia. It is encour-
aging to see many newspapers spread
the message which is so essential; name-
ly, that the United States of America
seeks peace, and is anxious to help the
people of South Vietnam and all other
peoples of southeast Asia, to raise their
heads and their standard.sof living.
Last Thursday, America's policies were
again effectively enunciated by Presi-
dent Johnson, who, in speaking to a na-
tional television audience, gave the mes-
sage that we will meet force with force,
as we must, in order to restore peace and
order, though we remain ever willing to
take part in unconditional talks aimed
at settlement of the war in southeast
Asia.
I - ask unanimous consent that edi-
torials commenting on President John-
son's speech, from the Cincinnati En-
quirer, the Washington Evening Star,
and the Washington Daily News, be
printed in the Rscoac.
There being no objection, the editorials
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
iFrom the Cincinnati Enquirer, May 14, 19651
L.B.J. GOES TO THE PEOPLE
President Johnson, in his televised speech
on Thursday, was dueling with left-leaning
intellectuals for support by the people of his
policies in Vietnam.
Mr. Johnson, harkening back to the days
of Theodore nooseveit's big stick and soft
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
sistea with an intensified effort to provide
more assiStarree fer farmers, regardless of
whether they happen to be Negro or white.
In checking out the technical assistance
effort, AFA's directors determined that about
one-third of agricultural land in need Of
treatment has received assistance, In many
cases lands so ,assisted have been owned by
knowledgeable educated people. The really
big job with farmers less knowledgeable still
lies ahead. With the better farmlands
owned by the most knowledgeable farmers
now able to serve as models for other less
efortuna,te, now is obviously the time to move
Ibrvicgd, not backward.
- Contrary to prevailing thought in some
areas?and this is partly due to an excess of
zeal on the part of conservationists in over-
selling their product?the soil, water, and
foresVy job on millions of farm and other
acres Will never be ended and it is time we
started facing up to that fact. Changing
ownership patterns are partly responsible.
For instance, when a farmer with 300 acres
buys the adjoining farm of 200 acres, a new
management program and many adjust-
ments are frequently required: Thus the
? best farmers require continuing assistance
as wet as those less fortunate. But the big
job ahead is with the less fortunate.
AFA agrees with the views expressed by
Marion S. Monk in his article, "The $20 Mil-
lion Footnote," starting on page 24 of this
issue. Mr. Monk lists five basic, reasons why
the bureau of Budget proposal is a "bomb-
shell" to con..servation: (1) It undermines
confidence in ,the Government's conserva-
tion purpose; (2) it would weaken loCal
leadership; (3) it would break faith with
State and local governments; (4) the re-
volving fund proposed would treat land-
owners unfairy by penalizing those least
capable financially to move ahead; and (5)
the proposal Would blunt and seriously slow
down existing programs in which individual
landowners are already paying the lion's
share of the cost.
AFA agrees with Mr. Monk. The Bureau
of the Budget has been ill-advised in this
case. At the same time conservation, in
shoutdering part of the blame for this pro-
posal, should start tempering its claims. The
art ,of understatement as best exemplified
by the late John F. Kennedy may yet prove
to have been his greatest bequest to the
American people. We all brag too much.
We are all guilty of "Madisonavenuizing" our
Conservation Sfforts. Without necessarily
meaning to, we not infrequently give the
Impression of having achieved total success
when our efforts, in reality, are only well
started.
A case in point is forest growth. One
questions the wisdom of headlining the fact
that forest growth now exceeds forest drain
without giving the same emphasis to the
fact that our supply of larger trees and qual-
ity timber is rapidly declining and that we
may have to iinport wood in years to come.
In a country this size with its immense
geographical growth range there is no ex-
cuse for the declining, quality of our trees
or the fact that some species, such as quality
walnut, may even face extinction unless we
double our present efforts.
Keeping the Kennedy gift for understate-
ment in mind, it would seem this Nation is
now mature enough to face reality without
everlasting gilding the lily. We have not
licked our forestry problems. We have not
licked our soil erosion problems. We have
not licked our wildlife problems. In all
probability we will never completely lick
the4 and we 'would be well advised to say
W
go e frequently. Too much success Must
never be permitted to dull the cutting edge
. of gradual arid never-ending conservation
advance nor should people and particularly
Government efficiais be lulled by success
stories that should more appropriately be
labeled "limited advance" at best.
. ,
In our opinion, the "Bennett success story"
in checking soil erosion and similar buildings
were clearcut examples of too much glorifi-
cation and too much mythma.king at the
expense of too many acres yet to be saved.
The proposal by a responsible agency of Gov-
ernment to lop $20 million: off the technical
aid effort bears out our point.
Let conservationists always remember that
the real glory of the conservation effort in
America is not the unusual men who lead
its programs or the banner headlines in the
press but the application of conservation
measures to the land by thousands of unsung
professionals and technicians. Let us al-
ways look to the land itself for the story of
our modest successes and bitter failures.
There we will 'find the stark truth, the real
chronicle of conservation.
At'
CUNINDEPENDENCE DAY
Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, it was
just 63 years ago on this day that the flag
of independent Cuba first waved over a
free land and a proud people. Today,
that land and that people are no longer
free, independent, or proud. Instead,
the descendants of the patriots who
cheered when their flag was first raised
in 1902, now find themselves wallowing
in the morass of Communist domination.
It is paradoxical, I think, that our Na-
tion played such a significant role in
paving the way for the free flag of Cuba
to first fly and, at the same time, must
assume a sizable share of the respon-
sibility for the fact that that flag no
longer flies over the homeland. Tragi-
cally, by our failure at the Bay of Pigs,
the people of this brave land must now
suffer the heavy hand of a psychotic dic-
tator who has dedicated himself to wip-
ing out the concept of freedom, not only
in Cuba, but also in the rest of Latin
America.
I can only commend President Johnson
for the speed and decisiveness of his re-
cent action in the Dominican Republic,
for, without that kind of action, our Na-
tion would undoubtedly by now be faced
with another Communist regime in this
hemisphere. It has been documented
that 58 known Communists were origi-
nally and openly associated with the re-
bellion; and the program and policies
projected by the original leadership fol-
low a line dangerously similar to that
used by Castro in 1959. In addition, the
forces under the domination of this
group were equipped to a large extent
with Cuban arms.
We can expect, I also believe, that
other areas will become pawns in this ef-
fort by the Communist bloc to try to
dilute the effectiveness of our progres-
sive escalation tactics in Vietnam. Al-
ready it is reported that trouble spots are
brewing in other Latin American coun-
tries, again with Cuba as the immediate
source of inspiration and arms, and with
Moscow and Peiping in the background.
There is every indication that our Na-
tion has no intention of withdrawing any
significant number of our troops from the
Dominican Republic until we are assured
that a democratic government is actually
established there?a government of the
people, as dedicated as we are to the idea
that there will be no more Cubas in this
hemisphere. On this policy, I also com-
mend the President, for our purpose in
this regard must not be diluted. While
May 20, 1965
there May still be some immediate prob-
lem among our Latin American friends
about our action in the Dominican Re-
public, I am still convinced that in the
long nm such quick and positive action
will reinstill in those neighbors the con-
fidence they lost in our Nation when, by
our indecisiveness in 1960, we allowed
Cuba to become the invidious threat that
it is today.
In closing, I must repeat what I have
said many times before: Simply wish-
ing for it will not make Communist
Cuba go away. Any attempt to sweep it
under the rug will never succeed. It will
continue to be a thorn in our side until
we are prepared to take the necessary
steps to stop it, because only we can sup-
ply the leadership which is so necessary
in order to coalesce the determination to
sweep communism out of this hemi-
sphere.
In this connection, and for purposes
of debate, I made suggestions, last year,
on two different occasions, as to how we
could go about this. Because the prob-
lem of Cuba is now increasingly real, I
challenge other Senators to pick up the
banner with other suggestions and pro-
posals. Only in this way can we hope to
see Cuba returned to those who cherish
freedom and who take pride in the flag
that the United States placed in the
hands of the people of Cuba in 1902.
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, I
wish to join several other Senators on
this particular day in commemorating
the anniversary of Cuban independence.
The Cuban people, who were granted
their independence by the United States
in 1902, continue in their struggle to
overcome the many hardships that have
been forced upon them in recent years.
Since the duly elected Government,
headed by Dr. Carlos Prios, gave way to
the regime of Major General Batista, in
the military coup of March 10, 1952, the
Cuban people have suffered one series of
heartaches and hardships after another.
One year ago today, I stated that
Cuba was an island of horror and a mere
shell of what had existed prior to the
Castro takeover. Today, that situation
remains the same. Cuba is an island
fortress whose communistic government
has no interest in the welfare of its
people, but is, instead, concerned only
with increasing its authority over them
and with subverting the governments of
her sister nations in the Western Hemi-
sphere.
It is no longer necessary to document
in detail the charges of Communist sub-
version in Latin America emanating
from Cuba. Those facts have been doc-
umented time and time again by a num-
ber of unimpeachable sources, such as
the Organization of American States,
the Central Intelligence Agency, the
Preparedness Investigating Subcommit-
tee of the Senate Committee on Armed
Services, and many others. In fact, ac-
cording to the May 24, 1965, edition of
U.S. News & World Report, Communist
terrorist activity is now being conducted
in 12 of the 20 independent governments
of Latin America. These nations are
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
the Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Panama,
Paraguay, and Venezuela. The fact that
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATEIt) 6 6 rdii;
talk, is ,attempting to prove to Communist
a.ggressdrs that the United States will meet
force Wth force, that armed conquest is
futile 4d that aggression is not only wrong
but will not work.
Oppo ents of the President% policy are at-
tempting to arouse public opposition to Mr.
JOhnso 's Vietnam policy by marching,
picketiag and demonstrating.
The uquIrer, on Thursday morning, pub-
lished cn page 1 a picture of an example of
this. Ij was a photograph Cf some of the
hunclre s who marched through Washing-
ton We nesday, picketed the Pentagon and
conferr d with Secretary of Defense Robert
S. AlcN re. The group pleaded for negoti-
ation, bombs, to settle tile war in Viet-
nam.
Anot er example, also a picture, was pub-
lished the Enquirer on rauesday. This
was the placard-picketing on Monday of the
estate o Dr. Joseph Link in Mount Washing-
ton whe Vice President HUMP KRET and some
300 De ocratic leaders were gathered there.
Presi ? ent Zrohnson in his Thursday speech,
repeat his call for unconditional discus-
sions in quest of a settlement of the war but
emphasized also that Red China, which is the
agitator behind North Vietnam, is not in-
terested. in a fulfillment of a desire by the
Vietna ese for nationalism but in gaining
f all of Asia.
President renewed his pledge to
or every possible path to peace and
d again his interest I:a relieving the
needs and improving the lot of the
ese people in their struggle for
control
The
search
express
human
Vietna
survival
There is reason to fear, however well
meanin some of those who march against
,Mr. Jo neon may be, that there may be
Yalse u dercurrent of encouragement for
their e orts because those eforts serve our
calcula int foes rather than the United
States.
Retur ng again to "Teddy" Roosevelt, let
us quot :
"Far etter it is to dare mighty things,
Lto win glorious triumphs, even though
those p or spirits who neither enjoy much d by failure, than to take rank with
leor S jar much, because thsy live in the
gray t light that knows not victory nor
defeat." Negotiation, unless it is backed by
ower, trength, and resolve, is only a show
f wea - 'ess to a powerful and predatory
nemy ower. In that context it is in the
"gray t light," to use the first President
Rooseve t's words.
Presi ent johnson, we conclude anew from
his Th reday remarks, is trying to be a
strong esident who directs the course of
events, ather than allowing them to direct
ini, in the interests of the safety of the
people ?f this Nation. We believe he is
right an ? we recommend that the people give
to him heir booking rather than give it to
}those o ,would have us lead from weak-
ness rat er than strength.
?
[Prom t e Washington Evening Star, May 14,
1965]
AR EFFECTIVE AFFIAL
There are those who -Mina , and perhaps
rightly 0, that the President is making too
many s ? eeches in his attempt to explain, de-
fend, a ? justify his policies in Vietnam. To
some, t e personality image which emerges
from t television screen is not appealing.
In our opinion, however, his televised ad-
dress to1 the editorial cartooniats, in terms of
content was effective.
Mr. J hnsch began by saying again, with-
out any qualification, that we will not aban-
don ourl commitment to Sout.a Vietnam. It
is desir ble to plant this firmly in the minds
of the e emy. He also restated his readiness
to enter into unconditional diecussions for a
No. 91 3
settlement of Le war. This, too, needs to be
stamped inde bly upon the consciousness of
friend and fo alike.
Most 1mpre4sIvs, however, was the Presi-
dent's enume teal of the material Improve-
ments which avc been made since 1954 in
South Vietnaaa under what he correctly de-
scribed as "c cur 'stances of staggering ad-
versity."
Mr. Johnsoxi spelled them out in this fash-
ion: In South, Vietnam, always the rice bowl
of Asia, rice pioduation has been doubled. A
new variety ot sweetpotato has been intro-
duced, promis ng .e sixfold yield. Corn out-
put should ri e from 25,000 tons in 1962 to
100,000 tons y :966. Pig production has
more than doiblezt since 1955.
6 million
In South Viill are 200 doctors for 1tnarn, where life expectancy is
35 years, the
people. In the United States there are 5,000
doctors for an eouivalent number. So we
are helping tea build a medical school which
will graduate 200 South Vietnamese doctors
each year. 'tree than 12,000 hamlet health
stations have ere built and stocked. More
than 7 million peaple have been vaccinated
against cha and millions more against
other disease.There has also been much
public education. To
cite but one llustration, elementary school
progress in thr area of
enrollment haf risen from 300,000 in 1955 to
more than 1,500,000 today. And, on the
business front a cauntry which was virtually
without indusitry :2 years ago now has more
than 700 new pr rehabilitated factories. And
all of this wo k has gone on and will go on
despite the costly, cruel war and the :-..erroris-
tic tactics of the Vietcong.
This may not le especially impressive in
rich, overfed lamer:lea. But as the message
gets through, its import will not be lost
upon millions of Psalms who are reared in ig-
norance, rack d by disease and whose lives
1.
are apent on he razor's edge of starvation.
To them, the efeience to corn and pigs will
not be a jok g .natter.
The President aoncluded by saying that
when peace final) y comes we are ready to.
share this effort and this progress "with all
the people of Viatnam?North and. South
alike." This was an appropriate note to
strike. One niust hope it is a note that will
be heard in and.
[Prom the W4shington Daily News, May 14,
1965]
L.B.J. Moms His CASE ELOQUENTLY
President JOhnsan never has done a more
persuasive jola on an issue than he did
Thursday in his TV appearance to detail
again the wilts a ad hows of United States
policy in Viet am
Some seem to think the President is mak-
ing these repented enunications of our pur-
pose in Vieti am because a few vociferous
i
professors an others keep ragging him on
the subject. .B.J, isn't going to reverse this
particular brand of nonthInking?but ad-
dresses such eis Taursday's can do a lot to
solidify national understanding.
Moreover, this r uts it up to the Commu-
nists once m e. They show no more sign
of relenting than the college hecklers. But
there are othar people in the world who do
have open miricis.
Our policy, the ray Mr. Johnson stated it
Thursday, is positive, not merely defensive.
Our preferrtd rriority is on helping the
South Vietnamese (and others in southeast
Asia) to imprOve their lot. Since 1954, for
Instance, rice procuction has been doubled,
new crops intacdu fed, industrial production
developed. Tilts ill would be much more
meaningful, arSd ferther along, except for the
Communists isho murder and pillage and
force the Vietleamese and the United States
to concentrate on military defense.
Americans wouid much rather devote
some of their resources to helping others
with their economy and their standard of
living. Our heavy expenditures on weapons
are not by choice, but through necessity.
All the same, the President is still willing
to sit down and talk it out.
The North Vietnamese obviously are hard
to convince. Probably bemuse for so many
of the years this war has been going on they
have been getting off easy, giving them the
idea the United States was merely a "paper
tiger" and that eventually they could over-
whelm the South Vietnamese.
The President's purpose is to disabuse them
of both notions?meanwhile being ready to
negotiate and even readier to get on with
peaceful ways to better life in southeast
Asia, a program which would be far more
useful to us and to the Asians than fighting.
There is nothing new or strange in this
double-edged policy. This is what we did
during and after World War II. We Went all
out to win and when the military job was
finished we turned an enormous share of
our effort and resources toward peaceful
development around the world.
PROPOSED CUT IN SOIL CONSERVA-
.TION SERVICE APPROPRIATIONS
UNWISE
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, in the
April issue of American Forests maga-
zine there is an editorial which I wish to
bring to the attention of the Senate.
The editorial, entitled "Budget's `Bomb-
shell,' "is in opposition to the $20 million
proposed cut in the appropriations for
the Soil Conservation Service.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial be printed in the RECORD.
There being. no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
BUDGET'S "BOMBSHELL"
The Bureau of the Budget has not shown
good judgment in cutting the technical as-
sistance program of the Soil Conservation
Service by $20 million. Hearings should be
calledto give the conservation public an op-
portunity to be heard on a proposal that
would impede the forward advance of an old
line and fundamental conservation program
If allowed to stand. The proposal should
be defeated and, in the not of recent devel-
opments, more technical assistance provided
for. At a time when new conservatio:n pro-
posals are being heard retarding beautifica-
tion of America great care must be taken to
see to it that basic programs are not dam-
aged in the process.
There are reasons galore: why this cut is
unwise at this particular time. With new
dust storms billowing up in the West this
is obviously no time to cut back on the
never-ending task of anchoring soil in place.
As this magazine has pointed out on more
than one occasion many western acres are
in a deplorable condition and need help.
While recent efforts by a variety of hard-hit-
ting agencies are hopeful signs, this task of
land stabilization has to be an across-the-
board effort and the Soil Conservation Serv-
ice program is a basic part of that effort.
A consistent conservation posture on the
part of the administratio:a is most i.mpor-
tant. When an impartial study group re-
cently informed the administration that
Negro farmers are getting the short end of
the stick on agricultural aid efforts and that
something should be done about it, the ad-
ministration immediately concurred. Some-
thing certainly should be done, but a pro-
posal to lop off $20 million from the techni-
cal aid program would not appear to be con-
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.165 CONGRESStONAt RECORD ? SENATE 10667
much of the suppbrt, for that Communist
-terrorist activity ConieS directly from
Cuba has been proven time and again.
As recently as 2 days ago, Fidel Castro
was bragging of Cuba's power in this
regard. Tn a broadcast address at the
graduation ceremonies at Cuba's military
academy, Castro said:
Cuba is now a bogey Mal for the United
States. They don't despise Cuba any more;
on the contrary, Cuba now inspires in them
'respect and fear.
These remarks were directed specifi-
cally at the recent U.S. involvement in
the Dominican- Republic situation, and
clearly indicate the Castro attitude to-
ward the achievement of peace and sta-
bility in this hemisphere.
In the past, we have been told, that
communism in Cuba does not present a
real danger to the United States, but is,
rather, a distasteful nuisance which we
must simply accept. The history of sub-
version and unrest created in other
Latin American countries by Castro-
trained agents has repeated refuted this
argument. Little has been said, how-
ever, of subversive activitieson the part
of the same agents within the United
States itself. Now the veil on this topic
seems to be lifted: The American Se-
curity Council has just published the first
part of a two-part Series on Castro's sub-
version in the United States. This study
- discusses the methods of infiltration, the
activities,' the scope of the Communist
effort, and the successes and failures of
the operation to 'date. In order that this
excellent report may be read by all Sen-
ators, I request unanimous consent that
it be printed in the RECORD at this point
in my reMarks.
There being no objection, the report
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ciAsrRo's SUBVERSION IN THE UNITED STATES?
PART I
British historian and philosopher, Arnold
rroynbee, before giving a lecture at the State
Department on April 16, 1965, was quoted as
saying: "It's hard to understand why you
make such a fuss about Castro." And then
comparing the United States and Cuba to
an elephant and a Mouse, he quipped, "Ws
great fun for the mouse."
Just a week previous to these comments,
a CIA report on Cuban subversion was sub-
mitted to the House Subcommittee on Inter-
American Affairs (Selden committee). The
report stated in part that "the Castro regime
lute in operation (since 1961) a highly pro-
fessional espionage and subversion agencY,
the General Directorate of Intelligence
(DGI). The DGI is advised by at least five
Soviet intelligence specialists. Moreover, one
of the purposes of the highly secret meetings
of Latin American leaders in Havana last
November was to give added impetus to more
militant Communist activity in the hemi-
sphere" (WR 65-9).
Castro's DOI is divided into three units,
the largest of which masterminds the train-
ing, financing and promoting of subversion,
and, guerrilla warfare in Central and South
American countries', Though the CIA report
spelled out in detail the degree of the DGI's
activities in these areas, it made no mention
efforts in tbeUnited States. Our own
irkvestigation attempts in some measure to
all the ga'p.
Dd*Lrn-xops OF INFTLkrTRATION
There are tWo known major points of en-
try by which covert Castro agents Infiltrate
into the 'United States, One is by fishing
boat to l'inerto Rico, and then by illegally
entering the United States with falsified
documents. Congressman WILLIAM CRAMER,
Republican, of Florida, in testifying before
the Senate Subcommittee on Internal Se-
curity as far back as 2 years ago, said that
"in excess of 1,000 people have come through
this route into the United States as Puerto
Rican citizens with falsified passports."
The other method of infiltration is by boat
or plane to Mexico. There the Mexican Com-
munist Party supplies the proper papers and
the agent crosses the border at Laredo,
Juarez, or Tijuana. Infiltrators from Cuba
who enter the United States using either
one of these routes, or via Canada, masking
their identities by whatever manner, are
trained agents whose assignments cover the
Marxian spectrum of subversive activities.
INDICATION OF ACTIVITIES
On the night of November 16, 1962, the
FBI raided a workshop on West 27th Street
in New York City. There they seized a
secret cache of weapons and explosives which
included delayed action incendiary bombs.
They also arrested three Castro agents and
Roberto Santiesteban Casanova, a newly ar-
rived attache to the Cuban Mission at the
U.N. Two other members of the Cuban
Mission, Jose Gomez Abad and his wife, Elsa,
were named as fellow conspirators.
The purpose of the weapons and the ex-
plosives was "for the sabotaging of defense
Installations and the demoralization of the
civilian population." Attorney General
Robert Kennedy said the plan was "aimed
at the heart of the internal security of the
United States of America."
Four days later, immigration officers in
Brownsville, Tex., reported that Mexican
authorities had prevented the blowing up
of the International Bridge between Browns-
ville and Matamoros, Mexico. In doing so,
they also nipped in the bud a sabotage plan
to destroy major buildings in Matamoros.
Two of these apprehended were Castro
agents.
Since 1962, there have been several allied
cases, one taking place in October, 1964, in
which a . bomb was exploded in the Ever-
glades Hotel in Miami injuring a number of
Cuban exiles attending a meeting.
Some . months later, a Cuban-terrorist
threat to bomb the Roney Plaza Hotel in
Miami intimidated the management into
cancelling a meeting of this same exile
organization.
This threat came on the same day the
the bomb plot to blow up the Washing-
ton Monument, the Statue of Liberty and
the Liberty Bell was discovered.
On the surface, this latter episode ap-
peared to be the wild act of a quartet of
misguided idiots. But there is sound reason
to believe that wild as the attempt was, the
four would-be saboteurs were acting under
DGI instructions. Leader of the bomb plot,
Robert S. Collier, had traveled illegally to
Cuba in the summer of 1964. Upon his
return, he formed with a number of fellow
Cuban travelers a pro-Castro, pro-Peking
group which called itself the Black Libera-
tion Front. In December, 1964, a United
Nations party was given by the Cuban dele-
gation in honor of its visiting guerrilla ex-
pert, Ernesto Che Guevara. At this party,
Collier was introduced to Michelle Duclos,
member of an extremist separatist organ-
ization in Quebec. Later, the plotters bought
the dynamite in Canada and it was Miss
Duclos who transported the explosives to
New York in her car.
These five incidents fall under the head-
-Mg of terror tactics. That only one of ,them
met with any real degree of success speaks
well for the FBI and our law enforcement
agencies. However, FBI Director J. Edgar
?Hoover, pointed out in testimony before the
House Subcommittee on Appropriations last
year that the efforts of the Castro regime to
infiltrate intelligence agents into the United
States' "show' that we (FSI) must maintain
a broad coverage in this area of our opera-
tions."
How broad a coverage can be glimpsed by
these additional incidents. In early 1963, a
Castro agent was apprehended in a New York
City apartment possessing a suitcase filled
with visa applications and other documents
which would aid fellow agents to gain illegal
entry into the United States.
From Caracas, Venezuela, in February of
this year came news of another type of
smuggling operation which again pointed to-
ward the activities of U.S.-based Castro
agents. By accident, on board the U.S.S.
Santa Rosa were found 1,000 mail pouches
filled with pro-Castro literature. The litera-
ture had been printed in and shipped from
Miami, Fla.
Just as Puerto Rico has served as an im-
portant way station for Castro agents to en-
ter the United States, it has also served as a
transit point for still another sort of smug-
gling?that of narcotic drugs.
In December 1964 three Castro agents were
arrested at Miami Airport?one of them a
Cuban, Mario Carabeo Nerey. Treasury offi-
cials in Puerto Rico said Ce,rabeo Nerey was
engaged in drug traffic. How large the traffic
is can be measured by the fact that between
January and November 1964, narcotics agents
seized 697 pounds of drugs being smuggled
into the United States from Cuba. This was
an increase of over 450 pounds seized during
the previous year. Included in this amount
was heroin, shipped to Cuba from Red China.
In January 1965, a New York police in-
spector, Ira Bluth, was quoted as saying:
"Marihuana used to come to New York almost
entirely from Mexico, but recently large
amounts of the drug have been discOvered
coming from Cuba."
On January 15, 1965, Oscar H. Reguera and
Elidoro Martinez were taken into custody in
a New York motel with $3 million worth of
cocaine in their luggage. Martinez is be-
lieved to be a Castro agent.
Aside from the obvious harmful effects
addiction to these drugs creates, the major
purpose behind the smuggling of narcotics
into the United States by Castro agents is to
raise money to finance an insurrection in
Puerto Rico.
Castro's DGI is working in concert with
Puerto Rican Communists and miliant
splinter factions of the Puerto Rican in-
dependence movement, accelerating their at-
tacks against the social and governmental
structure of the island. Since 1961, a num-
ber of Castro-supplied arms caches have been
uncovered. Gun battles have been fought
between the police and insurrectionists, and
Castro agents have infiltrated both exile and
student groups, their purpose to stimulate
the kind of rioting which would require
armed intervention. Should this happen,
the cry for independence, which 97 percent
of the Puerto Rican electorate rejected in the
November 1964 elections, would take on a
more critical meaning. This is so because
the strategy of the movement is tied di-
rectly to the November 20, 1964 vote of the
United Nations Committee on Anticolonial-
ism. The Committee voted 17-6, in direct
violation of a 1963 General Assembly ruling,
to place the demand for Puerto Rican inde-
pendence on the U.N. agenda (WR 65-4).
This act played directly into the hands of
Castro's DGI and Puerto Rican extremists?.
two of whom are presently members of the
Cuban U.N. mission.
When the General Assembly convenes
again, there is little doubt that agitation
and propaganda will be stepped up in New
York and San Juan, with the possibility of
more violent actions erupting in Puerto Rico.
SCOPE OF THE EFFORT
Recently, the Puerto Rican newspaper El
Mundo estimated that since 1960, 12,000
Americans and Puerto Ricans have received
subversive training in Cuba.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- SFNATE May 2: , 9654
e cannot attest to the accuracy of the
fig res nor can we say how many of that
n mber are under the orders of the Cuban
Di ectorate of Intelligence. Although we do
Xic1t have Castro-trained guerrillas operating
in our country as a number of the Latin
erican countries presently do, we can say
th t intelligence and law enforcement agen-
eMs here and in Puerto Rico take the efforts
of the DGI most seriously.
selii edf circt,utrhseis, trhepeeprtubeelinclyenklynogwivne ceanseisndoiuete:
ti n of what is afoot. Boary historians such
as Toynbee may look down up the world and
vi w it from the vantags point of centuries.
II ortunately, we who have to live in the
w Id from day to day and face its reality
cannot afford cute analogies of mice and
e hants with regard to Castro and our-
Tea.a part II of "Castro's Subversioil in the
I.7 ited States" we will show how Castro's
edema supporters, by using the techni-
qu of agitation and propaganda; by form-
in front groups; by infiltrating the civil
^ ts movement; and b f attacking our for-
el :n policy are winning important victories
in hat can best be tensed the psychological
ho war.
r. DOMINICK. Mr. President, over
th last 2 or 3 years, many concrete and
co tructive proposals in this field have
be n made by Members of both Houses
of Congress. Unfortunately, the John-
so and Kennedy administrations have
ch sen to ignore them completely. This
Is i ost unfortunate, ,for the simple fact
Is that the longer WE procrastinate in
es ablishing a specific policy to eliminate
co ? unism from this: hemisphere, the
in re difficult it will be to bring about
su h an accomplishment.
ne year ago, I sta;ed that the time
W:. coining very quickly when we would
be forced to take more positive action
th had theretofore been the case, or
els we must stop talking about the pres-
e ation of freedom and liberty. In re-
ce t weeks, our Government has seen fit
to take firm and resc lute steps in the
Do can Republic, and in this action
h received strong Eupport from the
ov rwhelmin.g majority of the American
pe i ple and their elected Representatives.
T s action is, at best, only a stopgap
me sure, however, for the preservation
of reedom in the Dominican Republic,
an in itself will have little effect upon
th Cuban Communist Government.
he need still exists and grows more
ur ent each passing day, for this ad-
istration to develor a positive policy
wit regard to the Castro government,
to nform the American people of that
pol cy, and to move resolutely to imple-
me t it. We have committed our young
me , our national prestige, and our rnili-
tar and economic might to the pres-
erv tion of liberty in Asia. Just recently,
we have shown a willingness to prevent
the establishment of a second revolu-
tioary Communist government in Latin
Am rico,. These are positive steps. Now
let us :follow through and assert our
lea4lersiiip in the development and aug-
melitation of a policy not only to stop
thel growth of communism in the West-
ern Hemisphere, but a so to reestablish
thr ughout this hemisphere the right of
self determination. T1 .e administration
will have my support, as I am certain it
will have the wholehearted support of
all ther Members of Congress, in any
such posithe action it undertakes to re-
instate freedom and independence to the
long-suffering Cubans.
WHY MUST THE TAXPAYER
SIMS MIZE IMMORALITY?
Mr. 13YE,D of West Virginia. Mr.
President, an interesting article appeared
in the April 1965 issue of the Reader's
Digest entitled "Why Must the Taxpayer
Subsidi Immorality?" The article
was written by Mrs. Juanita Kidd Stout,
the first elected Negro woman judge in
the United States. I ask unanimous
consent,tha t this informative, thought-
provoking, Etnd challenging article be in-
cluded in toe RECORD at this point.
There: benig no objection, the article
was orciered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as frillow,s:
[From the Feader's Digest, April 1965 con-
densed' from Philadelphia Sunday Bulletin
magazine]
Wuxi MG ST THE TAXPAYER SUBSIDIZE
IMMORALITY?
; (Br Juanita Kidd Stout)
During the years I have been a. judge in the
Philadelphia County Court, I have learned
a great deal a bout people on relief and about
the people who hand out their checks. Fre-
quently ! have been outraged by both.
Last y ar there appeared before our court
a child oi 13 years who shortly was to be de-
livered o(f a baby fathered by her uncle.
For at least 13 years her family had been on
relief?wIth f succession of men fathering a
successiori of children. The gul's 14-year-
old sister; hac produced an illegitimate baby
at ?13; anothcr older sister had borne an il-
legitima4 ch: Id at 14.
But ndthing had been done by welfare
workers to t sire these girls, their brothers
and sisters farm their depraved home. In
fact, oneicastworker had filed a written re-
port with: the court stating that the mother
was providing a "fairly adequate home" for
her sevenchildren.
On En:lithe' occasion, a young man was
brought before me on a charge of not sup-
porting the child he had sired iout of wed-
lock?nor' was he contributing anything to
the support cf his own wife's five children.
He had not aeld a steady job in 10 years
and had bees on and off the relief rolls._ I
asked hisicasoworker if anyone had insisted
that this ,hea thy man find work. The an-
swer was, !It 13 not our Job to inast."
I said, "This man has completed 11th
grade. lie s neither stupid nor inca-
pacitated In the last 10 years a great deal
of grass has grown, a good many snows have
fallen. Has r.o one directed him to a lawn
mower, a 'now shovel?"
The caseworker said no.
I then told the young man that if he failed
to get a jnb in 2 weeks, or to prove that he
had tried ;to gst work by visiting 25 places of
potential employment, he was going to jail.
Four days later he reported back. He had a
Job.
In anotper -:ase, a man brought before my
court on the charge of falling to support
three illegitimate children told me he had
been "pertnitt rd" by a relief worker to set up
a househdld with another woman. I didn't
believe hiln, but investigation proved he was
telling thd tru.th.
The map wiz a part-time chauffeur and a
partial relief recipient. Both women in-
volved wive receiving grants. When I called
on the caeewc rkers of the man's two para-
mours for testimony, I learned that they in-
deed had knowledge of the situation. Not
only that, buil a supplementary grant had
been approved for paramour No. 2, reimburs-
ing her f In "household money" she
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had used as bail to retrieve her lover from
behind bars.
This shocks my conscience?moral as well
as financial.
The tragedy of relief is that it takes away
from people the drive to work. When a per-
son is capable of earning only $45 a week, he
may be all too willing to accept $45 from
public assistance for doing nothing. I have
the deepest sympathy for the good mother
struggling to bring up her children on a wel-
fare grant, and for the father who wants but
cannot rand work. 13ut I deplore a system
that regards the handling out of checks as
its prime function, that subsidizes the lazy
and immoral home with the taxpayer's
dollar.
Teenage boys have appeared before me on
charges of delinquency, and I have asked
them what their fathers did for a living.
Their answer: "We get a check from -the
State."
I get a check from the Government, too.
But there is one big difference; I work for
mine. Too many youngsters in welfare-sup-
ported families never learn the value, the
joy, the necessity of work?seeing, as they
do, their fathers lying in bed until 10 in the
morning, and hearttg the family finances
discussed only in terms of "waiting until the
check comes in."
Many social workers contend that the pur-
pose of welfare is to keep families together.
In my opinion, a good institutional home
would be far better for the growth and de-
velopment of children than an u:nfit private
home where a child sees promiscuity, crime
and vice, where the welfare check is used
lor everything but the child's support.
It is my suggestion that we provide dormi-
tory facilities for these pitiful children, espe-
cially in the urban areas where the need is
most, acute, and that the public-assistance
law be amended to :provide grants for the
children's support during the period of
dormitory living. ? There our deprived
youngsters would get. the benefit of the tax-
payer's dollar. They could be supervised in
their studies and recreation. From there
they could attend local schools. Each would
have a clean bed, a warm meal and a light
to read by?things niany of them have never
known. In the end, such a plan probably
would be less expensive than our present
system--or lack of system.
Social workers object to institutional care
"because youngsters need mother love."
They should sit in court with me and hear,
day after day, the stories of some of that
_ love: no genuine affection, no supervision,
no conversation?nothing but a succession
of "boarder" men.
There might be less need for special facili-
ties if more of those involved in administer-
ing relief programs were concerned with
seeing that a child has a decent upbringing.
Certainly, welfare workers have heavy case-
loads. But no achievement of substance
comes easily, and the result of the extra
effort can be inspiring, especially when you
are dealing with human lives.
A few years ago five young girls involved
in the slashing of another youngster in
school were brought before me on a charge
Of delinquency. Some were from homes-sup-
ported by welfare grants. None had had
any previous contacts with the court. I
decided on an experiment: I made each write
an essay on the meaning of being a lady;
each was told that she must volunteer 100
hours of work in a hospital, a library or a
home for the aged. And each must make a
proper skirt, not tight and short like those
they had worn in court.
These girls did not only everything the
court assigned--but more. They learned the
Joy of work and of doing for others. They
kept corning back even after I had released
them from probation, and continually asked
me: "What can we do next, Judge Stout?"
None has been in trouble since. Two are now
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cONGRE5SIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
pr pr I4r., WUerd Wirtz, after a 4.-day
tbur 90 Ca1lfopia -4414...Areali, Said; 'There
W _ _90 Po. ,reilAtv ft
.ittiil of. Vnbile Law 78
,unger? Val= Me49474 riatiP11418 were im-
ported to the Vrilted,,States to work in the
fields' Ir WirtZ xleo said .that increased
labor ,yeets.'?w01,111:1 .?hAve..tq be asSnMed by
tileci9P?W23M.?.
"Also, Ur. Vil,rtz 'says that since we have
, .
500,9.00 unemployed workers in .California
we r ehoUld not import any foreign labor.
That ?sounds lqgical, but I believe that he
,overlooked the fact that few Americans will
4worg ;for $1.25 an hour, which for forty
toUrsrWould arnouht to $50 per week, from
Which, there .would be payroll deductions,
rialUely Federal withholdings, social security,
California unemployment insurance, and
Accident insural}ce, Also, a worker may live
frOm 5 to 50 Miles from the farm and need
gas and oil to COrnrnute, so he may not clear
More than $40 per week. However, if he goes
once a Week to the Unemployment office he
May collect a $55 check, with no deductions,
And go home and do no work.
? 'We note that Mr. Albert Tieburg, director
Of California Agricultural Employment, re-
cently said that we neecled ,8,700 workers
iraraetllately in the Stockton, Salinas, and
Coachella Valley areas, At the February
Meeting' of Mendocino Pomona Grange it was
reported that at Oxnard they had rounded
Up 500 fellows to pick lemons starting on a
Monday, and by Saturday they had? only 17
or 18 left, and these were too old to go up
ladders to pick lei/Ions, so the lemons will be
rotting on the ground, and the prices will go
Up. We recently heard on the radio.that in
Stockfon area h,ey rounded up over 800
workers to pick _asparagus, and by the third
day they had about 00 left. .
- "We know, thkt tke,,planting and harvest-
ing of vegetables must be done at the right
time of the yeari_also the fruit from orchards
Must be picked at the right time or it will
Veil, and therekore it will not wait for our
Congress and the rest of _the Government to
be just talkingabout Public Law 78 that has
been Abolished, or the 'green card' to
braCeros, and. the rest of the theories and
, techniealities.
' "We _have laearcl tiIat because of the un-
dertair4 of harvesting, a few of our can-
neries .XS,Ve.?4:Aa4i ITIOVSCI to Mexico, and
More Will be moving, because they are sure
of abuM.19.4t prO,ducts and labor there, so in
another. 2 or .a years th,e million and a half
of cannery and _processing Workers will be
out of jobs, and. California will have two or
three times more unemployed collecting $55
per week, and ,pur 15 billion agricultural
industry will have gone to the dogs, and
Uncle Sam will ;lave lost the cannery and
processing companies' .income tax, and the
workers' income tax, while Mexico will be
gaining these taxes. Also, the farmers won't
have to, pay the State the 884 million that
they ,paid last year to the State, for unem-
plOyment, benefits, but still the State will
have many more unemployed people to sup-
"Having been for many years in our mer-
chant marine service, I remember that as
, back as 1918 .our ,California dried fruits,
S.:4.1011 prunes, apricots, pears and
peaches4? anclNiV:allaUts and .almonds were .be-
Trig. exp-Orted to ,,NOZth European countries
in Many tiiousandg,.,-!DT ,tCgiSp, RDA If.Ave. .are
nOvinet" to have?Anybody to do the harvest-
ing of such crops the loss of this export
P_VIsineqe.wll be a, serious ,blow to our entire
ag.ricultural economy. Also, we should be
cciiikdering our canning industry, which is
very large at. present in our State, and the
froen fruit and vegetable industry.
"We do not, ICLLQW Or any machine that can
'Aap asparagus, celery, Swiss chard, peas,
ripe :tonlatoes?, strawberries, cherries, plums,
apirlaots,,peaches, pears, and many more
frUits, gnd vegetables. They must be han-
dled by loving hands, since a machine does
not know if a pea pod has anything inside,
or if strawberries are red or green.
"Under such conditions of having no man-
ual workers to do our planting and harvest-
ing of agricultural products, the farmers
will have no choice but to go into other
fields, such as raising cows or sheep or cot-
ton. Then the fruit and vegetable stands
and canned goods shelves will have a very
sickly appearance, and prices will be two
or three times higher, and our incomes or
social security checks won't be any bigger.
In a couple of months or less the strawberries
will be nice and ripe, and with no one to
pick them and bring them to our stores
strawberry shortcake will be, past history.
"We know that Mexico permits big Ameri-
can capital and many, many thousands of
Americans to work and do big business in
Mexico, especially in the line of gas and oil
for our cars, so if Mexico permits Americans
to do busines and work there why cannot
America permit temporary Mexican workers
to come over and harvest our products
(which we won't do for ourselves), in order
to keep our bay windows up in good shape?
Suppose the Mexican Government retaliated
by saying: 'If you don't want us in your
country, we don't want you in ours; pack up
and go home.' Mexico is not going to say
'Pack up and go home.' On the contrary, at
present as in the past, Mexico encourages
with open arms foreign industries to come
in, and they accord any privileges and facili-
ties possible, as we already know quite well.
We have read that in 1963 we imported 242
million pounds of tomatoes from Mexico, and
this year our farmers are having difficulty
borrowing any money from banks for tomato'
planting, because of the uncertainty of har-
vesting.
"It is interesting to notice that our Secre-
tary of Agriculture does not seem to have
made a peep concerning the situation. Does
he not have jurisdiction?
"We should all write to our Representa-
tives in Washington and the Secretaries of
Labor and Agriculture."
We earnestly urge that you do all possible
to help California avoid the disaster which
may result from failure to plant and har-
vest the crops which her people, and in-
deed the peoples of the Nation and of the
world, have come to expect.
Respectfully yours,
PHYLLIS S. JIMENES,
Mrs. F. A. JIMENES,
Secretary.
SALINAS, CALIF.,
May 11, 1965.
Hon. DON CLAUSEN,
House of Representatives,
House Office Building,
Washington. D.C.:
Today, more than 20,000 crates of straw-
berries will be added to those already rotting
on the plants in our fields. Continual
daily losses building to 40,000 crates per day
this time next week are anticipated if we
are uhable to pick. Translated to market
value using combination fresh and freezer
prices on last year's market prices at least
$50,000 per day loss. It is clearly and abun-
dantly evident insufficient numbers of do-
mestic workers available for strawberry har-
vest and cultural practices. Today, our needs
are for an additional 2,000 workers and by the
middle of next week an additional 1,500 re-
quired. This company has met all items of
criteria for becoming eligible for supple-
mental foreign labor and certified for
workers, however no help other than 200
plus Japanese and Filipino nationals yet.
Further documentation of losses to be devel-
oped by Agricultural Extension Service, Uni-
versity of California and forwarded separate
cover. Any assistance you are able to pro-
vide greatly appreciated.
SALINAS STRAWBERRIES,
Tom MOABIARA.
May 13, 1965
Shadow of Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
OF NEW YORIC
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 12, 1965
Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr.
Speaker, under leave to extend my
remarks in the RECORD, I want to call to
the attention of my colleagues the out-
standing editorial on American action in
the Dominican Republic by the renowned
writer, Max Lerner. This article ap-
peared in the New York Post of May 3,
1965. I concur completely in Mr.
Lerner's remarks and hope that other
editorialists speak out as forthrightly as
he has.
[From the New York Post, May 3, 1965]
SHADOW or CUBA
(By Max Lehner)
A friend of mine, who knows Latin America
better than I do, says it will be a long, hot
summer in the Caribbean. Certainly what
has happened in Santo Domingo, turning a
lovely city into a charnel house, suggests
that there are volcanic political passions in
the area. The bloodshed wears the aspect not
only of a rebellion but of a civil war, with
longstanding hatreds coming into play and
old accounts being settled.
In this jungle of passions, anti-American
hatreds emerged very early in the rebellion.
President Johnson had to act swiftly to get
American civilians out. But most political
decisions have plural, not single, motives.
Having entered the Dominican Republic to
save lives, the American troops have stayed
to prevent anarchy, seal off the chances of a
Communist takeover, and await the begin-
nings of a new frame of political order.
One's first impulse is to say that this was
a monstrous blunder, awakening long muted
memories of marine landings and gunboat
diplomacy, and feeding the Castro image of
American imperialism. Yet one cannot stop
there, without raising a haunting question:
What was the alternative for President John-
son? Was it to appeal to the OAS? There
would be days and days before any practical
action; and if the revolt did indeed contain,
as a second-stage effect, the design for a
Communist takeover, the OAS action would
have come far too late. Or was the alterna-
tive simply to stay out, or to get out again
immediately after the first evacuation of
Americans, and let events take their course?
It isn't enough to point out in a holier-
than-they way what must have been obvious
enough to Johnson, Rusk, Bundy and Tom
Mann?that the decision was a dangerous
one. But was there any alternative that
would have been any less dangerous? Run-
ning a country isn't a question of making
choices between the beautiful decisions and
the damned ones. It is often an impossible
choice between a blind alley and a somewhat
less blind one, and a President is lucky, even
as he enters a dark tunnel, that he can see
a thin shaft of light at the far end.
The whole decision in the Dominican oper-
ation, as it transpired in the minds of the
President and his advisers, was made in the
shadow of Cuba. It is easy to say that the
shadow shouldn't have been there?but it
was. Too much blood has been spilt in Cuba,
too many lives have been blasted there, too
much heartbreak and frustration and re-
morse have been felt in Washington to leave
the slate blank.
The pro-Bosch leaders now say that the
Communist elements in the revolt are not
many, and that the irresponsible ones got
-
,
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Approved For Releas
Mcty 13, .1965 CONGRESSIONA
dindidatel not given too muc'a chance of
election,
, Mr. Fi'?Iltree Won handily, however, and
()tiered Mr. Caffrey the job as 3ongraesiona1
secretaryit Mr. Caffrey accepted and moved
tO the Vir shington. area where he had since
r maimed helping direct the csreera of Mr.
erce, 1).ki. Minoru, and Representative
CENNTEN. '
? Mr. C ffrey married the former Marian
Henning, of Clyde, N.Y.
' Mr. C ffrey's success on behalf of the
Repfesen atives he worked for likely was his
quick reponse to constituents with prob-
lems. H s tenacity and ability to follow
through on appeals for congresSiona1 help
also helged him attain the respect of his
employe and the constituency as well.
' NominVly, Mr. Caffrey was inlet and re-
tiring. e worked hard and long hours.
in 1962 lim was seriously ill with pneumonia
and was hospitalized for some time. He re-
Covered lowly from the illness.
[From t e Watertown (N.Y.) Times, May 11,
1965]
anoson ,CAFFREY RITES PLANNED--FUNERAL
FOR CONGRESSIONAL Am To BE WEDNESDAY
IN A5INOTON, VA.
Mr. Caifrey, whose career spanned the
White 'ouse tenure Of four Presidents,.
served a. chief aid to Representatives Wal-
lace E. Pierce, Clarence E. Kilburn, and
ROBERT 41. MctWEN, all of wham represented
northenz New York communities. His 25
rears of JCapitol Hill service ramie him about
the dea4 of legislative assistants and he was
extreme y popular with congressional offices
iregardle a of political affiliation.
' Hisg1cat familiarity with committee staff
and keY officials of the executive agencies
!enabled him to keep several steps ahead of
.axmoun ed decisions and breaking events.
' Preq ntly when it was impossible to get
.somethiig done, arrange an appointment or
'get a v itor into a special tour, Mr. Caffrey
,fotuid 4is longstanding connections around
'Washin ton invaluable and the impossible
became1 the possible.
A do -faced man who rarely smiled, Mr.
Caffrey nevertheless had a good sense of
, humor hind prized friendships, of which he
had nn y. His assessments of individuals
, and ev nts were frank, measured and based
on a VT alth of experience.
' His 1 yalty to the men he served in Con-
gress w 8 =wavering, and their welfare Was
, paramo t with him. In addition to serving
as chief of staff, Mr. Caffrey used his news-
paper xperience as a solid 'oakikground for
'
hsndliig his Congresstnan's press relations.
He r gularly referred to the man he served
as "the boss."
One 4mbetlishment he brat. ght to his office
was a arge overgrown brandy snifter-type
, glass b wl, which he kept filled with small
candle, and visitors regularly dropped in
while 'passing by" to help themselves.
Mr. laffrey rarely allowed himself td be
roused to sharp anger. His advice to those
whose blood pressure started to rise at some
setbacl was always keep sweet.
He 4eliglited in attending occasional Re-
public n Party functions in New York City,
and h was active in the Republican congres-
sional secretaries' organization known as
the Bull Elephants.
One of his hobbies was the collection of
model of airplanes and rockets and missiles
that brightened the Capitol Hill office. For
many years he attended the opening-day
baseball games in Washington, but skipped
recent ones because of the raw weather. .
11:1
His eath prevented Mr. C'affrey from par-
1 ticipa ing in a forthcoming Washington
i "firstl?a reception President and Mrs. John-
son see planning for top congressional aids.
I
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ILECORD-- APPENDIX A2373
[From the WateIrtown- (N.Y.) Times May 11,
.965]
KILBURN PAY d Tnistax TO LATE GEORGE
CAPFREY
MAYON, May 11.?Former Congressman'
Clarence E.Kirrn, Malone, today termed
the passing of eorp T. Caffrey, 60, Arling-
ton, Va., as a terrible blow to the entire
Kilburn family.'
Mr. Caffrey, Who i erved for 25 years as ad-
ministrative ass's.% -it to the Malone Repub-
lican in Washingtou, died of a heart attack
while visiting his lister, Mrs. John Patrick
(Gail) Gardes, in Poughkeepsie Saturday.
Mr. Kilburn ;said that Mr. Caffrey was a
"very close friend * * * and the best assist-
ant on Capitol HIS." He said the congres-
sional aid was. "an honest and forthright
man who worked lad for the north coun-
try."
Mr. Kilburn 'continued: "I don't know, in
the 25 years I Was there (Washington), how
I could havegeitter along without him. Mr.
Caffrey's death!. was a terrible blow to the
entire Kilburn' fair fly."
Mr. Caffrey Iserv;d as administrative as-
sistant to Rep4sentative ROBERT C. MCEWEN,
Republican, Of Dgclensburg, up to the time of
his death. Betore serving as Mr. Kilburn's
chief of 'staff, Mr. Caffrey was the top aid to
Representative:Wallace E. Pierce, Republican,
Of Plattsburgh, for 1 year.
. ?
[Prom the OgelenstUrg Journal, May 10, 19651
GEORGE T. CAli,FEEI", VETERAN Am TO THREE
CONGREISSIIIN, DIED SATURDAY
Congressma$ McEwEN said today:
"Words fail to espress my shock, my pro-
found sorrow and deep feeling of personal
loss on the passing of George T. Caffrey.
More than th atle congressional assistant
that he was, e was a trusted aid, a wise
counselor, an a warm personal friend."
Mrs. Esther Van Wagoner Tufty, Washing-
ton correspomient for the Ogdensburg Jour-
nal, said:
"With George Cliffrey as adminMtrSitive as-
sistant to Co greismen from the 31st Dis-
trict for more thao 25 years, the district has
really had two Co rgressmen in the House of
Representatives. '9.nd yet, George would not
like me to say tha ;, for fear he would be tak-
ing something away from the three men
whom he servrd.
? "George T. Caf'rey was a newspaper re-
porter's kind .131 acroinistrative assistant. He .
knew news?aonaetimes even before it hap-
pened. And he 'rept his news sources in-
formed. He Would evaluate the importance
of national and world events to the local
congressionaldist 'Let. Add to that his steady
friendship arid willingness to assist a re-
porter. Yet he always kept his loyalty to
the CongressMen intact.
"George Caffrey was an administrative as-
sistant extradrdir any."
Israel's 17th Anniversary
SP.N...XCH
OF
HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABE0
0 r NEW YORK
IN THE H US13 OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 6, 1965
Mr. ADDABI O. Mr. Speaker, May 14
marks the 1/7th anniversary of the found-
ing of the State of Israel, and it gives me
pleasure to congratulate her and her peo-
ple on this rnoxaentous occasion.
The State of [srael was born with great
struggle as was our Own Tinited States.
The founders of Israel and its people have
Much of the pioneering spirit that our
forefathers had?we built a nation from
the wilderness, Israel has built a nation
from the desert. It is this spirit and
determination which is responsible for
the almost unbelievable st4des she has
made in the short period of n years.
We were the first country to recognize
Israel as a nation and we want to be in
the forefront of those congratulating her
on her success and reassure her of our
continued support and best wishes for
continued growth and prosperity.
Reinstatement of the Bracer? Program
? Urged
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DON H. CLAUSEN
OP CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 13, 1965
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
much has been said lately about the
bracer() program---proponents of its
abolishment have ? advanced beautiful
arguments that we have a plentiful do-
mestic labor force to do the work cif the
bracero; that the fresh fruit and vege-
table growers would be well served; that
the Nation's welfare would be enhanced
by the utilization of this domestic labor.
We are now confronted with not the
fine-sounding logic?but with the grim
reality. I hope every Member of Congress
will read the following communications,
describing In real terms the already dev-
astating effects of the ill-advised action
to abolish the bracer() program. I think
it is incumbent upon all Members of Con-
gress to seriously consider the reinstate-
ment of the bracer? program?vital not
only to the grower, the canner, and the
trucker, but to the economy of our entire
Nation.
The communications follow:
MENDOCINO COUNTY PONIONA
GRANGE, No. 10?
Willits, Calif., May 5, .1965.
Hon. Dosr Cususew,
House of Representatives.
Washington, D.C.
. DEAR ME. CLAUSEN: At .their regular meet-
ing on April 25, 1965, members of Mendo-
dno County Pomona Orange No. 10 heard
the reading of the following, which M based
on a report originally presented at a meeting
of Little Lake Grange No. 670, Willits, Calif.,
by a member of its committee on agriculture.
The members voted to send the report to
several persons, and this copy is for you.
"Pertaining to agriculture in the State of
California, it appears that we have a, major
problem, the seriousness of which a good
proportion of our population does not fully
realize. This problem exists because of the
abolishment of Public Law 78, preventing
Mexican nationals from coming into Califor-
nia to work at harvesting our farm products,
as most Americans are unwilling to go to
the fields and work under the scorching sun
for $1.25 an hour.
"According to the Santa Rosa Press Demo-
crat for March 28, our honorable Secretary
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9 9
out of control. Maybe so. Certainly Bosch
himself is a decent committed democrat with
a small d, even if he is an ineffectual political
leader. Bit after ,the Castro eXperience
should one have expected President Johnson
to take a course of ,action?or nonaction?
that might well haveled to a second Cuba off
American 'calor& 'For hiro,,tO have 42rie so
would not only have been out of character
and out of philosophy: it would also have
run counter to the land of President most of ,
the American people think he is, and the
kind of belief they have in him.
Well then, once the American troops came
in, why has President Johnson piled up more
and more thousandS of them? Isn't each
detachment' he sends 4 further slap at the
'Latin American Self-hnage? Here again one
must go back to Cuban-American history,
this time to the-Bay of Pigs. The shadow of
the Bay of Pigs fiasco hangs even more
heavily over Washington than the shadow of
Castro's persistence in power. If the Bay of
Pigs invasion was a mistake then?as every-
one now 6.grees?the failure to carry it
through in full force compounded the mis-
take many times over. That was in Ken-
nedy's mind when he had to make a decision
on the Russian missiles in Cuba. It will be
in the mind of every President for some years
to come. If history is lights and shadows,
It is mostly shadows.
Of course, there has been an outcry from
the Latin neighbors and partners of the
United States. If I Were a Brazilian, a
Mexican, a Chilean, I should probably be
joining in the outcry. Vet if I asked myself
What alternative there was, I should have no
answer._ I suspect strongly that, however
great the outcry has been, it would have been
dim and pale alongside the withering con-
tempt of the Latin American leaders if the
United States had done nothing, if its citi-
zens had been killed, and if the revolt had
led to another Castro regime?or a Castro-
oriented one?in Santo Domingo.
? The satisfying 'fact is that the OAS politi-
cal presence has been enabled to estanlish
Itself alongside the U.S. military presence.
There are dead to be 'buried, wounds to be
bound up, food to be distributed, the routines
of life to be restored. A new leadership will
in time be found, and with heavy economic
aid it will be able to make a new beginning
of order. Whatever may be said against the
Americans, they will not stay any longer
than the minimal nerd fi.:tr them. They will
get out. That would not have been true of
the Castroites, if they had been given a
chance to turn the rebellion into a class
dictatorship.
Israel Anniversary
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
95
HON. THOMAS M. PELLY
OF WASHINGTON
IN THE gousE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 13, 1965
Mr. pErax. Mr. Speaker, it was 17
Years ago that the Union Jack was low-
ered over Palestine, marking the end of
British rule over that area.
May 14, 1948, saw the emergence of a
new Ilati(V, the State of Israel. This is
a nation vhic:ti has created an example,
of what a _people can do when given the
right of self-determination; she is a
model of democracy in action.
Yes, Mr. Speaker, 17 years ago this
dream of almost 1,900 years became a
reality as the blue and white flag ,with
the Star of David took its rightful place
among the banners of the free world.
It has not been easy for the people of
Israel these last 17 years, as it has not
been for the last 1,900 years, because
hostile neighbors have attempted to
drive the Jewish people out of Israel.
Eut this gallant nation has stood stead-
fast and grown strong and self-reliant.
I join with my colleagues and say
mazeltov to the people of Israel.
Chicago Sun-Times Editor Retires
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
OF mirrors
IN Tlig HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 13, 1965
Mr. RTJMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, I wish
to pay particular honor and recognition
today to a distinguished and truly out-
standing Chicago newspaperman, Mr.
Milburn P. Akers, who is retiring after
a quarter century of service with the
Chicago Sun-Times. Throughout his
career, Mr. Akers has made extraordi-
nary contributions to his community,
State, and the Nation.
Readers of his columns and editorials
will long remember his discerning re-
porting on national and world affairs, as
-well as his public spirit and dedication to
the causes of good government and edu-
cation. A Chicago Sun-Times article,
which follows, highlights Mr. Akers' ca-
reer and pays due respect to his leader-
ship:
AKERS To RETIRE AS SUN-TIMES EDITOR
, (By Donald M. Schwartz)
Milburn P. Akers announced his retirement
Saturday as editor of the Chicago Sun-Times
after a quarter of century of service with
this newspaper.
Akers, who reached the retirement age of
65 earlier this month, will step down as edi-
tor on Monday, June 7.
In accepting Akers' resignation, Marshall
Field, publisher of the ,Sun-Times, praised
Akers' many contributions to the paper.
"All the years of my working newspaper
life have been spent in close and pleasant
association with Pete Akers," Field said.
"His vigor,, professional knowledge, and
journalistic integrity have been invaluable
to me.
."Much of what the Sun-Times has become
Is a reflection of his leadership." And, as
Akers discussed his retirement with a re-
porter, it was typical that he was at his type-
writer composing one of his columns on cur-
rent affairs.
(The column will continue to appear once
a week in the Sunday Sun-Times even after
Akers' retirement.)
LIKE A MUSICIAN
'Now and again he would dash off a few
sentences or perhaps only a few words, then
pause and ponder, taking a drag on a cig-
arette hardly noticing it in his fingers 'or at
his lips.
Then he would start up again at the ma-
chine with only a few of his fingers doing
the work?they skipped about' easily a
bouncy, jaunty fashion that may oldtime
newspapermen use. It was more like a
musician playing an instrument than a
skilled typist operating a machine.
"Best one-fingered typist in the country,"
42375
Akers threw out in an aside that disturbed
his attention to the growing column as little
as the drag on the cigarette.
Pete Akers had been doing that for a long
time-42 years?in a career that began as a
cub reporter on the St. Louis Post-Dispatch
in 1923. From there, he went to the Illinois
State Register in Sprinfleld; the Associated
Press, for which he worked in Springfield,
Chicago, and Washington, and finally to the
old Sun and the Sun-Times, where he be-
came successively managing editor, executive
editor, and editor. ,
Pete Akers had pounded on typewriters in
countless newspaper offices and Western
Union offices, in the Senate Press Gallery in
Washington, in the statehouse in Spring-
fiejd, in small towns in southern Illinois,
during the bloody days there when he worked
for the P-D. He had roamed the broad cir-
cuit of a big-time newspaperman and writ-
ten of what he saw just as his great-grand-
father, Peter Akers, a Virginia planter's son
who. became a Methodist minister, roamed
the country from his birthplace to Kentucky,
to Illinois, to Minnesota, telling of what he
saw, and. how it could be improved.
That was in the back of Pete Akers' mind
too?how things could be improved?and it
came out especially when he moved into posi-
tions of command in the newspaper business.
It also is a major theme of the work he
has done in government, education, and
religion, much of it closely related to his
newspaper career.
Asked why he went to work for Illinois
Got. Henry Horner as his publicity man in
1936 (a job he held 3 years), Akers replied:
"I just thought he was a high-grade, first-
class Governor who shouldn't be displaced."
The Chicago Democratic machine had
turned against the Democratic Governor and
he faced a tough primary contest.
A TOTAL COMMITMENT
Perhaps Akers' commitment to improving
things can be shown, as well as anywhere,
in the job he did on the Sun-Times. Al-
though he himself balks at comparisons
between his ministerial forebears and the
moral, crusading tone of his newspaper
career, a colleague on the Sun-Times notes
that as boss of the paper he "operated almost
as though it were a total commitment"?
like a dedicated preacher answering a call
to a pulpit.
Akers became managing editor of the
Sun-Times and started converting it as fast
as he could into a paper of stature, serious-
ness, and substance. "That was Mr. Field's
desire," he observed.
The new managing editor faced serious
practical problems, some of which stemmed
from the fact that he was trying to meld
Into a single paper, with its own identity,
two vastly different papers?the serious-
minded Sun and the tabloid Times, which
had been merged shortly before he took over.
"If you went either way," he recalled,
"if you went to the old Sun or the old Times,
you had the problem of losing part of your
audience. So you had the problem of making
the change very slowly so you didn't lose
your audience."
As it was, Akers later had the nerve-
wracking experience of losing large parts of
his audience when the Sun-Times, a 24-
hour-a-day paper up to the mid-1950's
started lopping off afternoon editions to be-
come solely a morning paper.
"That was the toughest thing I ever had,"
he said. "I'd come down to work and find
I'd lost 50,000 circulation and I was supposed
to make it up the next day."
,
The changes came slowly and were many.
In January 1950, the headline type was
changed from Karnak to Vogue, a purely
technical point it may seem, but it was
movement from blocky, jarring, rather crude
looking headlines, to a more modern and
streamlined typeface. Moreover, said Akers
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in a memo to the staff: "With the larger
unit count in the heads, it is hoped that
the iase of such abbreviations as 'exec,' ma,'
'dad ''cop,' hood,"con,' * * ? can be greatly
reduced, if not eliminated entirely."
Classic `earrnark,s of tabloidism were being
dropped over the side eve .a while the paper,
in si e, remained in the tabloid format.
ers also 'introduced longer stories on
seri us subjects, inchiding education and
reli on, and permitted more interpretive re-
port rig in the paper, a technique which
new paper editors often praise but frequently
hay been reluctant to use, and this was
espe tally true 15 years ago.
A LINK TO HIS OIEMCAREER
Trup with Akers' own career and his
d
turn toward interpretive reporting was
link
own style as a writer ar.d reporter. As a
repo ter for the Associated Press, during a
tim when it stressed a raechanIcal, almost
in.hi4man objectivity, he had suffered under
sucl restraints, which he later described in a
spee h as "a rather sterile formtila known
as Objective reporting." At the Sun-Times
he sought out intelligent reporters and gave
them a little more elbowroom to tell what
-was going on instead of merely serving as
consleyor belts for disparate facts.
E en the stylebook issaed during Akers'
ten re as executive editor speaks of the
cha ges he was bringing about.
M :aewspaper stylebooks are dry, me-
cha ical things which deal mainly with con-
tractions of State names and what words
to c pitalize. But the Akels stylebook, issued
in 155, had a style of its own?a philosophy
of riting?and a careful y articulated out-
look on such matters as good taste and
fair ess.
S1nultaneous rebuttal, for example, was
one f the earmarks of the book and became
so ir the newspaper.
It was the time of McCarthyism and the
exec tive editor, as he had then become, in-
sisted that those who were attacked, perhaps
unf irly and inaccurately, should have a
cha ce to reply, simultaneously, in the same
story.
IMPROVEMENT ON CON MIINITT LEVEL
ere were many other changes large and
snaalll, such as a special Sunday section to
dea comprehensively with important topics,
and in time these added np to a new reputa-
tioI for the tabloid that acted like a quality
pa pr, a reputation that apread beyond Chi-
oag and caused a Saturday Review writer to
dee are 11; the best paper in town.
Btrt while Akers was improving the paper
insi e he was also pursuing improvement
out4lde, in the community.
A close 'colleague on the paper in those
day describes him as a 'crusading, Investi-
gatIve newspaperman." Gardon F,. Michelson,
pr iden; of MacMurray College, Jacksonville,
Ill.? with whom Akers has had much asso-
cia on, Said, "His whole journalistic career
has beer. tinged with social justice."
A ers at the Sun-Times instituted and pre-
sid d over many crusades, many investiga-
tio s?the disclosure that an alderman was
sha Mg in legal fees paid on zoning varla-
tiosts obtained through the city council,
stoi1les that forced a Democratic guberna-
torijal candidate to withdraw from the race,
rev lations about the high coats of hauling
surlus foods to schools in the State.
Iot all the stories were major crusades or
inv stigstions. There was also the time, in
195), when Akers sent a reporter up to Wis-
con in to get the background on the late
Se tor Joseph R. McCarthy, Republican, of
Wi. oonsin, who was just beginning his rise
as s Communist hunter.
kers, the editor, from having known Mc-
Carithy when he was lacers, the reporter,
th ght the Senator was far from being the
ad 'rabbi, figure that some thought him to
be nd he instructed a reporter to get the
rest of the stoi y, which he printed in a series
of articles;
i IYIiSSIVE KNOWLEDGE
The reporter recalls that, in addition to the
importance of the subject matter and how
much it preceded most assessments of Mc-
Carthy, the assignment also illustrated two
facets of Alters as a newsman,
First, he had encountered McCarthy on
one of hisimany political reporting journeys
and had ;forraed a firsthand impression,
something,inci; spensable to a good journalist.
The reporter noted that this was part of
Akers' "mtissivs knowledge of things"?from
books, experience, from having been around
a long tit 1:1 a lot of places and having
his eyes op n? a characteristic emphasized by
many who' hale known him. A writer who
has sat in on c ditorial conferences with him
has spoken of .titers' far-ranging mind.
The seccind ioint about the McCarthy as-
signment, said the reporter, was that Akers
did it with? at fooling around, without
worrying dbou:, the paper's image.
One of the most revealing of the Alters
stories, for what it shows about the man,
was the Mdretti case.
i MO CETT/ CASE RECALLED
Michael:Moretti was a 33-year-old police..
man assig ed to the State's attorney's office
Who shot wo youths to death and wounded
a third, br was not indicted when his case
was first sought before the county grand
jury. He , pleaded self-defense, but the
wounded inan claimed that he killed in an
unprovoked rage.
Akers eltploied and the Sun-Times de-
manded a? reopening of the case, claiming
a whitew4h by the States' attorney's office
to protect ,one of its own. Moretti was sub-
sequently indiited and convicted of murder.
Why wa;s Alters so Outraged by the case,
into which he threw all his energy and ex-
pertise, all aviiilable resources on the paper
and the peper's name itself? When he was
asked that, he s aid:
"That murder could be covered up; that
murder colald le whitewashed.
? "Here were a couple of human beings
with no stetus in our society.
"That they could be shot, killed, murdered,
and whiteWashed by the people who did it."
That was his answer, but under question-
ing he toot it i urther.
"I have, saic; to young people in speeches
many times tiat I believe in the American
capitalistiS syatem and the American demo-
cratic sysem, and I am utterly opposed to
corruption of either.
"The only way we can retain these systems
is to be ccintirmally on the alert to eradicate
the abuse q of either, and there are abuses.
"So whdn as snething like the Moretti case
came along-- and the democratic system
which is iupposed to dispense equal justice
wasn't doing 1;o?this violated a basic belief
of mine. If I didn't believe so much in the
systems, 11 wouldn't get so violent about the
abuses." ,
A colleague who worked closely with Akers
on the Moretti story suggesed another,
simpler elemeat?"the fact that young men
were involved." One of the slain was only 15.
"Pete ii sol about kids," the colleague
remarked, an i the point linked up with
something Air us himself sdid about another,
current story that has moved him?South
Vietnam. '
In 1964 he visited that war-brutalized
country and since his return he has written
about it ofter, in his Sun-Times column.
Sometimes the column, on Vietnam, has
not been Cool and analytical but outraged, as
when he Wrote on February 22 that the Viet-
namese people were being "grour.d to pieces"
while the United States held back from
negotiations.
DASCRISES VIETNAM INCIDENTS
Akers described the other day what lay
behind those i eelings.
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"I was down in the delta country in South
Vietnam. Somewhere they'd killed a nest of
Vietcong the night before.
"Here was a bunch of little people heaped
on the ground, in the position they had
fallen, and died in. You turned them over
and looked at them and most of them were
little kids 16 or 17."
Akers, of course, Las not always been
struggling with such heartrending subjects
as youths foully murdered in Chicago or
youths heaped up dead. in South Vietnam.
A familiar scene in his office at the Sun-
Times VMS to find hira chatting with staff
members?really passing the time of day in
smantown style while editors drifted in and
out to consult with him.
Akers, although he happened to :have been
born in Cook County, was really from Jack-
sonville, where his father was a Methodist
minister, the third in a line of Methodist
ministers.
He grew up amid a rural Illinois where his
family had been for three generations before
him; where he absorbed the atmosphere of
the Lincoln country, the habit of thinking
for himself, and a prejudice against being
high flown. He also .Started an unending
study of the State, in books and in person,
and is known in his profession for an en-
cyclopedic knowledge of Illinois, down to
little bits and pieces, obscure rivers and out
of the way highway routes. .
He is not a slick, modern man,. He is a
bulky figure, often in rumpled clothes, with
a massive head and small, pudgy hands. He
looks like a man who might have been found
in a small county cons thouse a generation or
two ago. But he is deceptive; he can be very
ranch up to date as he proved in transform-
ing the Sun-Times.
He is a reader?not just one who reads
books, occasionally or often, but one who is
at home with books, relishes the books, re-
laxes with books. Reading is his hobby?
chiefly biography, history, politics. His
mother and father, he says, were readers, his
mother?Massachusetts born?having been
among the first women graduates of Syracuse
University and later a schoolteacher.
EDUCATION A MAJOR INTEREST
His interests outsid.e newspapering have
run to education, and he is credited by one
qualified source with having saved his alma
meter, McKendree College, from extinction.
Some Methodist Church officials thought it
too costly to continue supporting. But Akers
waged a successful battle to preserve it, and
one small college official observed that now,
what with the great air turn in enrollments, a
college like McKendres, only 20 miles from
populous St. Louis, can't fail.
Michelson, president of MacMurray, said
that Akers, at a trustee, and chairman of the
school's development committee, has played
a commanding role in MacMurray's recent
expansion.
. He is chiefly respOnsible, for one thing, for
the founding of a men's college at the Mac-
Murray campus where there was previously
only a girl's school.
At both places, MacMurray and McKen-
dree, he was tending the deep roots put
down in Illinois by his great-grandfather.
Peter Akers was the principal founder of
MacMurray and the first president of Mc-
Kendree.
SCHOLARSHIPS SET UP
After his retirement Akers will continue as
the head of a statewide committee attempt-
ing to make the job of State superintendent
of public instruction an appointive office?
an effort to take the Important position out
of politics.
The Sun-Times recognized this deep in-
volvement with education in an announce-
ment last week by Executive Editor Emmett
Dedmon that three annual Chicago Sun-
Times college scholarships in honor of Mil-
burn P. Akers had been established.
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than the tenants, and promote slums rather
than decent housing.
If the Commissioners can agree there's an
"emergency"?and there is?perhaps they
might try promoting some one- or two-block
urban renewal projects?for public housing.
It might not work, but it seems worth the at-
tempt. It'll take a while to get to the
suburbs.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
July 15, 1965]
NEW GROU' TO PUSH Low Lwcoms Housum
(By Benjamin Forgey)
An informal District organization calling
itself the Ad Hoc Committee on the Housing
Crisis was formed last night to seek an in-
crease in low-income housing.
Representatives of about 20 housing, civil
rights, labor, political, welfare and church
organizations endorsed the program, but left
the exact nature of the new group in doubt
as they returned to report to their own
organizations.
Harris Weinstein, chairman of the housing
corntalttee of the Washington Planning and
Housing Association, said he hoped action on
some of the proposals would begin this week.
The most "immediate and substantial
need," Weinstein told the group, was to lobby
Lor, be4Weclrcsitlential. We Of. the Anacostia-
!dolling and National Training School sites.
Competing proposals for use of these tracts,
the last large, available publicly owned sites
In the District, are being discussed in
Congress.
The group also voted to urge the District
Commissionerat to Use "whatever powers they
now have" to nae repairs on slum prop-
erties and charge the repairs to landlords.
According to the resolution, the Commis-
sioners. will also be asked to seek legislation
preventing "retaliatory" evictions and rent
increases.
Also proposed was a "housing crisis week-
end" during which clergymen will focus their
sermons on the need for low-income housing
and a tour of the District's slums for inter-
ested Public officials.
The meeting was the result of a vvPHA
effort to "bring the housing needs of the
District before the public," and was a follow-
up an initial session held last Thursday.
k'OREIGN POLICY MISMANAGEMENT
(Jr. DERWINSIa (at the request of
Mr. DON H. CLauseN) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
pOint in the Rgcosn and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. pErmaNsKa. Mr. Speaker, the
Oontinliecl deterioration of our conduct
Of foreign affairs is seen in many parts
of the werkl. However, the spineless
handling of the Na,sser administration in
Egypt certainly is fully indicative of for-
eign policy mismanagement.
When are we going to wake up and
realize that we are being taken for a
ride? Egypt is doing a good job of mak-
ing a fool out of the United States. Less
than a Month ago, Egypt's Nasser took a
full advantage of American willingness
to hand out free wheat. Now, we find
out that the Agency for International
Development gave Egypt over 23 million
elellarS' worth of corn in 1961 on the
basis of an out and out misrepresenta-
ly diStinguished colleague, the gen-
tleman from Minnesota [Mr. LANGEN],
has called attention to the report of the
Genera; Accounting Office that a ship-
ment of 186,000 metric tons of corn to
Egypt under the auspices of AID was ob-
tained under false pretenses. The grant
was made on the basis of reports from
the Communist-sympathizing country of
a potential famine because of a serious
crop failure. It was later disclosed that
no crop failure occurred and much of
the corn had been sold by Egypt.
The gentleman from Minnesota [Mr.
Louigarr] further disclosed that AM of-
ficials found out Egypt was selling some
of the corn even before the whole grant
was shipped. With over $11 million
worth still in the hands of U.S. officials,
AID apparently made no attempt to hold
the shipments until the matter could be
Investigated. The GAO report charged
that AID did not check on distribution of
over 85 percent of the corn, and it has
been substantiated that at least 80,000
tons have been sold by the Egyptian
Government.
This report confirms what I have been
saying for years. The administration
will spend taxpayers' dollars to give aid
to any country which stretches out its
hand. I want to commend the General
Accounting Office on its alertness. I hope
this report opens some eyes in Washing-
ton. If it does not, it seems we will con-
tinue to help a country that openly de-
grades the United States and is critical
of our policy.
What is needed is action by the Con-
gress to insure that any future grants
would be made only when It is assured
that all the aid goes for the purpose for
which it was intended. Apparently, the
Agency for International Development
does not do this now.
As a member of the House Foreign Af-
fairs Committee which has been duti-
fully rubberstamping administration
measures for years, I would hope that
the committee would recognize its legis-
lative responsibilities and concentrate on
Implementation of a foreign policy
whereby we would reject the blackmail
pressures from rulers such as Nasser.
Nasser is using anti-Israel statements
as a smokescreen for bis domestic fail-
ures, and there is no reason why we
should prop up his administration, which
Is carrying on an aggressive military ac-
tion against the legitimate government
and people of Yemen.
(Mr. BURTON of Utah (at the re-
quest of Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. BURTON of Utah's remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. BURTON of Utah (at the request
of Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN) was granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
[Mr. BURTON of Utah's remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
MEMBERS OF THE JOINT COMMIS-
SION ON THE COINAGE
The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro-
visions of Public Law 89-81, the Chair
appoints as members of the Joint Com-
mission, on the Coinage the following
July 26, 1965
Members on the part of the House:
Messrs. EDMONDSON, Gramm, Corm, and
BATTEN.
FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE
SENATE
A further message from the Senate
by Mr. Arrington, one of its clerks; an-
nounced that the Senate agrees to the
report of the committee of conference on
the disagreeing votes of the two Houses
on the amendments of the Senate to the
bill (HR. 2984) entitled "An act to
amend the Public Health Service Act
provisions for construction of health re-
search facilities by extending the expira-
tion date thereof and providing increased
support for the program, to authorize
additional assistant secretaries in the
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, and for other purposes."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
2985) entitled "An act to authorize as-
sistance in meeting the initial cost of
professional and technical personnel for
comprehensive community mental health
centers."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
'7984) entitled "An act to assist in the
provision of housing for low- and mod-
erate-income families, to promote or-
derly urban development, to improve
living environment in urban areas, and
to extend and amend laws relating to
housing, urban renewal, and community
facilities."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the House to the bill (S. 510)
entitled "An act to extend and other-
wise amend certain expiring provisions
of the Public Health Service Act relating
to community health s deS, -and for
other purposes."
TWELFTH ANNIVERSARY OF COM-
MUNIST CONQUEST OF CUBA
POSES A THREAT TO AMERICA
AS GREAT AS THE THREAT IN
VIETNAM
The SPEAKER. Under previous or-
der of the House, the gentleman from
Illinois [Mr. PueiNsxt] is recognized
for 60 minutes.
(Mr. PUCINSKI asked and was given
permisd extend his re-
marks and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, 12
years ago today Fidel Castro and his
brother, Raul, with 101 others overran
the Moncada Army Barracks in Cuba.
This was the beginning of Castro's war
to overthrow Bastista. It was the be-
ginning of Castro's betrayal of the Cu-
ban people by permitting the Soviets to
establish the first Communist regime in
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CONGRESSIONAL REC
VA 1J -1 1.101
tails and imensions of the hou3ing problem
in the 11 tions Capital."
Existing data is stale, incomplete, and in-
equate, Sheppard said. "Almost every-
ojie living in Washington is aware generally
t we afe confronted with a lousing prob-
1 ' whici is growing more serious day by
y. tut' now We want the facts. The un-
vrnishe and whole truth aril give us a
r elistic lasis to solve the problem.
ow Kizens living the these areas
have vol nteered to go out personally, inter-
view the r neighbors and thea collect the
inforrnat on which will help us define our
tals an strategies. What we need now is
ore der4ent, safe housing that low-income
People cah afford.
1 "This i a burning issue with us. We feel
that pool4 housing is one of the etrongest con-
v
i
tributin causes of poverty," he said.
' The c nsus is being condmted in three
eighborh oods in the Cardozo area of North-
est shir eon; in the neighborhood
round endshfp House, 619 G Street SE.;
the n ighborhood around Southeast House
across t e Anacostia River, 22E3 Mount View
Place SE., and in two areas in the Northeast.
One i in the near Northeast, bounded
51, New York Avenue, Mount Olivet Road,
Stree , and the Anacostla River. Another
in th far Northeast, bounded on two sides
y the ?rince Georges Count; line, and by
Port D tat Road and the Anacostia River,
and a t ? ird Ea urban renewal area Northwest
1No. 1 ar.und Union Station.
, A fly. -page survey form Includes ques-
tions o the number of people living in a
dwell their income, rent, and mortgage
schedul s. Interviewers will seek informa-
tion fro renters about landlord-tenant re-
lations ips, lease patterns and eviction
. proble
They ill pinpoint the actual physical con-
ditions !of each dwelling unit, sanitary con-
ditions) the state of repair or disrepair, heat-
ing facilities, and trash ani garbage col-
lection ervice.
' Inter iewers have been organized into area
teams ly the neighborhood anvisory councils.
Data gathered will be tallied from August
munit August 8. This is expected to be
4-7. .1. report will be issued to the corn-
by an action program based on the
endations.
followi
recom
[Prom
Bot
the la
The 1
diff are
the te
ity co
the Washington (D.0 ) Evening Star,
July 20, 1965]
MPL1ANCE ON SEPAIRE IS OFTEN
LONG DELATR)
landlord and tenant complain about
k of a clear standard for enforcement.
ndlord says different inspectors use
t criteria for spotting violations, and
ante; complain that the lack of qual-
trol permits landlords to use cheap
mater als in repairs. The code specified only
that "workmanlike" job be done.
Nei hborhood workers attempting to help
alum dwellers with their housing problems
have been annoyed by the housing division's
policy of allowing only landlords and tenants
to se violations records. Mallon said he
was caking an exception to his rule when
repor -rs, after filling out detailed fOrms re-
quiri ? g both Mallon's and the Corporation
COLA Ri'S signatures, were permitted to see
the r cords.
All he division's records are filed by street
addre There is no central file listing vio-
lator by name. The inspectors become fa-
milia with habitual offenders, but there is
no ea y way' to determine any owner's entire
histo y of code violations.
Bu mostly it is the long delays and the
cons rat threat of retaliating evictions that
frustf ate sit* dwellers seeking to get re-
pairs in their homes. And perhaps it is the
dela s that have led to the suspicion by the
teoa4its that inspectors can be bought off by
land ords.
One real estaie Iran said that yearn ago,
owners and agents always provided the in-
spectors with generc us Christmas gifts.
"We all used to d3 it," he said, "but, then
one time an inspector came by to get his
gift, and I saw' his car was packed full of
whisky so I cut it out."
The agent said le now occasionally will
ask an inspector to .3ortie by one of his prop-
erties to advise 'Mir about repairs that will
be necessary to meat the code. "I usually
give them $5 or $10 for the favor," he said,
"but I've only Clone this a couple of dozen
times in the past 25 years."
S. Tudor Strang deputy superintendent
of the housing, div slon, said: "If we knew
the point where slum landlords will leave
the market and be replaced by people not
interested in eXplo ting tenants. But step-
ped-up enforcner t as Mallon points out,
would require bomIderably more inspectors.
Several week a ago, District Commissioner
Walter N. Tobriner suggested what he calls
a "reformulation" of the code. He agrees
with many slugn landlords?that the minor
aspects of the code should not be empha-
sized.
Tobriner fears that with strict enforce-
ment and lower pi ofits "the landlord, either
evicts the tenants, rehabilitates the prop-
erty and rent* to high income groups, or
evicts the tenants, razes the building and
converts the land to some other use."
"There is a dilemma," Tobriner said.
Tough enforcement could have the unin-
tended effect Of reducing the housing supply
rather than *proving housing conditions.
Still other cpmpiaints about slum housing
center on the Landlord and Tenant Court.
Cases handled the re last year amounted to
more than HMO and Chief Judge John Lewis
Smith, Jr., estimates the figure will exceed
100,060 this year.
The proceedings in the court are summary,
usually withotat extensive argument. More
than 95 percent 31 the eases in the court
deal with nonpe.yrnent of rent while most of
the others ineolve housing code violations.
In the nonpayment cases, Smith said, if
the tenant a4nits having not paid the rent,
the only judgmer t possible will be in favor
of the landlord. The law does not give the
tenant the right to withhold his rent be-
cause his landlon, has failed to make repairs
or improvemants, Smith said.
The wording of the law and the role of
the judges in enforcing the law have led
slum dweller, to complain that the court is
merely a collection agency for landlords.
Civil rights organizations and antipoverty
officials in Was aington are now seeking
changes in the la T, but Smith said that what-
ever reforms, are made must come through
legislation or appelate court decisions, not
from the Landlord and Tenant Court.
[From the Wash .ngton (D.C.) Post, July 14,
1965]
POTOMAC WtiTCH 110178ING SHORTAGE
THE TARG4T, tivosTRATTON THE THEME AT
Discussiorir
(l8y George Lardner Jr.)
Frustration was the theme.
The city's Shot tage of low-cost housing was
the target. ' The audience sounded aroused.
But the meMbe :s of more than 23 housing
organizations, civil rights groups, and pub-
lic agencies who gathered to try to "do some-
thing" about the housing crisis seemed to
realize they'. we 'e punching futilely at the
same old paper I3ag?full of exorbitant rents,
dilapidated !homes, slumlords, and the bu-
reaucratic delays facing almost any attempt
at improveMent
"We seenci to be moving backwards," said
Stephen J. Poilak, president-elect of the
Washington Planning and Housing Associa-
tion which Called the meeting. .
"A tent on the Mall would be an enor-
mous improvement for more people than I
care to think of," said Barrie Weinstein, the.
associatien's housing committee chairman.
The District of Columna Coalition of
Conscience has been trying to put up
a tent for a family of 13?with two
working mothers--who were evicted last
month, but can't find new quarters. The
emergency housing program the city loudly
promised in May for predicaments like this
may take another 3 months to get started, ac-
cording to city officials Who are not accus-
tomed to rushing.
Forty-five real estate agents and nine pub-
lic and private agencies had been called, said
Coalition Co-Chairman Walter E. Fauntroy,
but none could come up with a single unit
that the family could afford.
The tent, of course, is a gimmick?but an
appropriate one. As Mr. Fauntroy said, "we
have to create pressure to effect the cures."
One WPHA worker who helps families in
the Cardozo area told of an eight-room house
worth $17,600 that produces gross rentals of
$600 a month for its owner.
The worker, Torn Firor, also told of an-
other landlord who "for the 40th time in the
last 6 months has evicted or threatened to
evict families because they called the city's
Housing Division" to get needed repairs
ordered.
Another WPHA worker, Belvie Rooks,
broke into tears when she described how her
organization had to pay 6300 a month in back
rent to "one of the worst slumlords in the
city" to save a mother of seven from evic-
tion from a house with broken-down plumb-
ing and inadequate beating. The family,
Miss Rooks said, had been living there for
3 years when the old ownee died. Suddenly,
she said, the rent went up from $50 a month
with utilities to $100 a month--without
The audience had plenty of suggestions?
ranging from rent controls, to tougher en-
forcement of the housing code to easing the
housing code's restrictions against over-
crowding.
Mr. Fauntroy Suggested that citizens' or-
gailleations start scouring the suburbs for
sites?a suggestion that should we well worth
pursuing under the administration's rent
subsidy program before Congress. He pro-
posed that "we move into the surrounding
area and, if necessary, purchase land to re-
lieve the (city's housing) need."
But no one followed through with the
thought. Despite the suggestions, the meet-
ing reflected, primarily, a feeling of exas-
peration at all the years gone by without any
substantial progress.
"What we called victories really just
switched people around the slums," said
Lillian Secundy of the Washington Urban
League.
The WPM. had drafted a statement calling
for more low-income housing in the city
and action on several lcng-stalled projects,
but the audience didn't bother to endorse it.
"Pious paragraphs," said one speaker.
."Too wishy-washy," said another.
Pollak agreed, but added: "I'm wonder-
ing what we can do." He suggested develop-
ment of a "plan of actio:a" backed by a fed-
eration of all interested organizations. But
no one could do anything right away.
They've got their boards of directors to
check with.
Everyone, it seems, is saddled with his own
bureaucracy?which brings us back to the
District Building.
District Commissioner Walter N. 'Tobriner
has suggested "an emergency in low-cost
housing" might be declared?so the Com-
missioners could temporarily lift relatively
minor housing code requirements in run-
down neighborhoods.
The suggestion was sincerely made, but It
hardly seems an adequate response to an
emergency. If it had any noticeable effect,
it would probably benefit the landlords more
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the Western Hemisphere.' Thi.s day is
no* celebrated by the Communists as
the 26th of Silly movement,.
Two years ego 1Vienibers on both sides
of this aisle 101/led in presenting to the
House a series oraddresses about a plan
? "to fight the cbld *at and to win back
Cuba for derhocracY.'
Today, 2 years later, here we are on
dead center. We face the same prob-
lem: "What to do about Cuba?"
For the redord, let us review the situa-
tion in that beleaguered island only 90
miles from the eastern coastline of the
United States.
Cuba, once a prosperOus country; with
one of the highest standards of living in
Latin America, has been reduced to a
primitive society. There is no freedom
of the individual, no free press or radio.
Letters received by Free Cuba Radio
from Cuba tell of hunger, insufficient
clothing, few dairy necessities?the
paralysis of much industry. Marxism
dominates school curriculum from the
ntirsery up through university level.
The army is goviet trained and the peo-
ple are terrorized by informers in the
sO-called defense committees. Even
the children- are foreed to spy on their
parents. Conservatively, 80,000 Cuban
Men and women are now in Jail, forced
to live under indescribable conditions.
Daily executions are' cOmmonplace.
Despite a good sugar harvest this year,
the economy is at rock bottom. Castro
has few dolars for exchange. Diseases
have reached epfdemic proportions
04nong both people and livestock. Medi-
Cines ,and qualified doctors are scarce,
health measures deplorable. Child mor-
tality continues to mount. Out of a
population of apprdxlinately 7 million,
500,000 have left the country. It is es-
timated that 230,000 Cubans hold pass-
ports and visas and are eager to leave.
More than 400,000 others have filled out
request forms. It IS' reported that from
85 to 90 percent of the people in Cuba
are against the Conimunist regime.
How and why then do the Communists
stay in power? The answer is that with
500,000 men and women under arms and
with a highly trained secret police, the
G-2, the Cuban people live in constant
terror and under suppression of these
spies and guns._
Castro's aim was not to free the Cuban
people from Batista's dictatorship. His
whole design was to create an arsenal
and launching ped -for Communist sub-
version to carry on their "wars of libera-
tion' in Latin America. The New York
Times in a recent editorial, put it this
way:
The wars of liberation are aimed primarily
against the United Slates. Anywhere in the
non-Communist world, a gain for the East
is a loss for the West' and the United States
is the major power in the free world.
,t49 .past 2 years there has been
o parativeTy little talk about Cuba.
Vietnain tias crowded Havana from the
front pages. Man y% well-meaning Amer-
icans have been lulled to complacency by
the coexistence line and that Cuba is no
threat to the United States. In the
meantime Communist propaganda and
Not. 135-4
subversion emanating from the Cuban
launching pad are defeating our foreign
policy. On March 10 Hewson A. Ryan,
associate director for policy and plans of
the U.S. Information Service, before a
Senate Committee, pointed out the direc-
tion the propaganda of the Communist
nations is taking:
Communist propaganda strategy for Latin
America is directed toward the destruction
of U.S. power and influence in the area and
ultimately to the imposition of Marxist-
Leninist regimes throughout the hemisphere.
In a Pravda editorial of January 14, 1965, and
in the subsequent communique on the
Havana Meeting of Latin American Commu-
nist Parties, Moscow has made it clear that
in Latin America it will use "all forms of
struggle, both peaceful and nonpeaceful" to
further the goals of international commu-
nism. While the U.S.S.R,, Red China, and
Cuba differ little on their ultimate aims in
Latin America, their short-term propaganda
strategy and tactics do vary somewhat.
The major themes in Cuban propaganda
are "independence from Yankee imperialism"
and the "advantages of a Socialist economy."
To carry on their propaganda activities in
Latin America the Communists utilize in
varying degrees all the modern communica-
tions media. Radio Havana is broadcasting
125 hours weekly in Spanish, 14 hours in
Creole for Haiti, 7 hours each in Portuguese
and English, an hour and 20 minutes in
Guarani for Paraguay, and 30 minutes in
Aymara. Cuba's Spanish service includes a
regular program for Venezuela, which has
been used by members of the Venezuelan
Armed Forces of National Liberation exiled
in Cuba to broadcast direct appeals for in-
surrection against the Venezuelan Govern-
ment. Turncoats from Nicaragua, Honduras,
Guatemala, Peru, and Dominican Republic
broadcast frequently to their respective home
countries from Cuba, also. The Cuban serv-
ice even includes a weekly half hour program
entitled "The Voice of Free Dixie" and is
directed to the American Negro population.
Although not generally known until
Pravda reported it on January 14 of this
year, Central and South American Com-
munist Party leaders, together with
Moscow agents and Castro, and his aides,
met in Havana in late November 1964, to
plan their combined strategy for further
subverting Latin America.
The report of the Special Consultative
Committee on Security of the Pan
American Union?April 12-May 7, 1965?
derived the following conclusions from
the conference of the Communists:
That, for the present, Cuba agrees to con-
tinue to follow Moscow's lead.
That the Castro regime will continue to
serve as the principle tool of communism
for the subversion of the Americas.
That an increase of Communist subversive
activities in the Americas is to be expected.
? At that meeting, they selected as their
prime target for subversion, in a virtual
declaration of war, Venezuela, Colombia,
Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, and
Haiti. They omitted the Dominican Re-
public, their pilot project, for which
battle plans already had been drawn.
Also, in the early part of March 1965,
a world conference of representatives of
Communist Parties was held in Moscow.
Representatives of 19 countries partici-
pated, including those of old Communist
Parties of Argentina and Brazil and the
new United Socialist Revolutionary Party
?d ig the sole representative of
Latin America. ?This shows the impor-
tafit.e that Moscow attributes to the
Cuban party in world conference.
Now, Mr. Speaker, let us look at the
implementation of these principles.
% First, we all know what took place in
Santo Domingo. On June 13 Jeremiah
O'Leary, Latin American writer for the
Washington Star capsuled a report from
an official U.S. paper compiled by intelli-
gence sources, expert in--ellinifftiffsrriL
tivities.
The report, chronologically and in
narrative form, describes the day-by-day
activities in Santo Domingo between
April 24 and May 5 of 77 known Commu-
nists. Many of the 77 were previously
identified as participants in the revolt by
U.S. Government sources on May 6, but
the new document gives intimate details
of their particination before and after
the American intervention.
The document discloses that at least
45 of the extremists had been deported
from the Dominican Republic a year
before and that most of them had re-
ceived guerrilla warfare training in
Cuba before they began drifting back
into the Dominican Republic last Octo-
ber. Cuba's principal agency for pro-
moting revolutionary activities in Latin
America, the General Directorate of
Intelligence--DGI?had for some time
been providing financial support to two
of the three Dominican Communist
parties?the 14th of June Political
Group?APCJ--and the Dominican Pop-
ular Movement?MPD. The other
Dominican Communist group which co-
operated in the rebellion is the Domini-
can Popular Socialist?PSPD?party
which follows the Moscow line.
The revolt may have been started by
some dissident army officers, but the
Communist leaders of all three parties
issued orders to their members to incite
the civilian crowds gathering in the
streets, and to stage rallies and demon-
strations. We all have read of the vio-
lence, wanton damage and loss of life
that ensued.
It is interesting that the Cuban DGI
officer who handles revolutionary opera-
tions for the _Dominican Republic is
Roberto Santiesteban Casanova, de-
ported by the United States for engaging
in espionage in 1962 while serving with
the Cuban delegation to the United
Nations.
Time is too short to present further
evidence but let us review what has been
happening in Latin America since the
November meeting of the Latin Ameri-
can Communists.
Venezuela: According to a report
issued by the Special Consultative Com-
mittee on Security of the Pan American
Union on May 7:
Communist activities, which have been on
the wane at the end of 1964, have broken
out again and may be expected to increase
with the assistance that Cuba has promised
to continue to provide to the Armed Forces
of National Liberation.
Cuba is also continuing to provide
considerable amounts of money to sup-
port subversion in Venezuela.
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Approved For
? Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield to the ,gen-
tleman. ,
Mr. DONE. CLAUS/W. icompliment
the gentleman on his very provocative
statement. I would also ask the gentle-
if the very tactics that are now
being used in Latin America are not es-
sentially the name as have been carried
out by the Vietcong in Vietnam.
Mr. PUCINSKI. They are the very
Starr4 tactics. Thai, is why I think this
anniveraany is of more than pass-
ing interest to the American people.
There has been too ittle said about what
has been happening in Cuba. There are
hose who, for instance, criticized our
wn Government for taking strong ae-
on in Santo Domingo in the Dominican
epublic. The fact of the matter is we
ave now recorded indisputable proof of
ommunist exploitation of subversion
hich Castro has been engaging in was
o be tried in Santo Domingo.
We can all, as Americans, regardless
f what our party affiliations may be,
hank the good Lard that: we have a
? esi dent who moved decisively to stop
his coup in Santo Domingo.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. I would agree
ompletely with the ;entleman, and I am
ot a member of either the gentleman's
arty or the President's party. I am
onvinced in my own mind that had we
ot taken this quick and decisive action,
e certainly would have had another
Oa in this Western Hemisphere.
ould the gentleman have any sugges-
ions as to what he believes should be
one by the administration in Cuba,
owever?
Mr. PUCINpKI. (will as I continue
Y analysis here, because actually it is
o longer enough to look at Cuba alone.
ur problem of Communist subversion is
ernispheric. I think, as I relate here,
e serious subversion and exploitation
f terrorism from Cuba, we can then see
ow vastly importa nit is this problem
ad how large the p ?oblem is.
Colombia: With Cuban support, the
uerrIllas, terrorist groups, and bandits,
alliance with professional Commu-
ists, continue thei pattern of mur-
ers and depredations. In January 1965
t e President of the Republic disclosed
t e existence of a large-scale subversive
ommunist plot against the government,
hich was to be launahed under cover of
a nationwide labor strike. The Com-
unist Youth League of Colombia, a
'vie-oriented group, was implicated
the plan. At the present time Corn-
unlit leaders, taking advantage of Co-,
mbia's political, economic, and social
isis, are formulating terrorist plans and
emoting violence in the hinterlands.
Also, the Communist slate won easily
elections 2 month; ago for members
the Executive Council of the National
eration of University students known
FUN, the first national organization
students in this country. FUN now
ims to represent the students in the
Government-supported universities
roughout the country. Although the
ajor tty of the students are not Conn-
unist-oriented, FUN is in control of
dent political activities.
gilb9k2.t itrieffl5167En8t4s6r00500080005,-Aly
? nala: From Mexico City this
Month :Daniel James reported in the
Latin Anerican Times that Castroite
guerilla;, formerly confined to rural
area., have recently moved their opera-
tions, to Guatemala City in a change of
strategy designed to generate chaos and
disorder there and to force Col. Enrique
Pergta Azurdia, the chief of state, to
fall. , Tho shift has been accompanied by
reneWed r,error and violence which began
a few we ,,.ks ago with the Fatal machine-
gunning of the Under Secretary of De-
fense Ccl. Ernesto Molina Arreaga.
Also, cn June 7, bombs were hurled
at the homes qf two newsmen and a
Guatemalan political leader. That same
night, fot r other bombs e:cploded at the
embassiei; of Brazil, Costa Rica, Hon-
duras, a-nd Nicaragua?all countries
which have sent troops to join the Inter-
American Peace Force in Santo Domingo.
Honduras: In February, the authori-
ties discovered a cache of weapons and
subversiv,3 propaganda material and ar-
rested several Communists. Shortly af-
terward ii March an armed group led by
_a Cuhan-trained Communist, attempted
to de-Ares the El Canaveral Dam.
Haiti: On July 19 Miss Virginia Prew-
ett, writing in the Latin American Times,
noted, tint President Duvalier has told
the OAS that Castrolte infiltrators have
moved against him from the Dominican
Republic. She said that Duvalier for his
own purposes has permitted a "smart,
tough4 and experienced group of dedi-
cated Communists to become entrenched
in his, government." Duvalier is ill and
as things atand now, any succeeding gov-
ernment be in control of his Com-
munist aic s.
Parry: The Associated Press re-
Porte early this month that the Para-
guayan Government had announced that
it had,crushed a Communist plot to be-
gin a 4guerrilla warfare campaign and
"make, Paraguay a second Cuba." The
National Chief of Police told a news con-
ference that "many Communist agents"
had been arrested after infiltrating from
Arge4na Brazil, and Chile. He also
said the Communists had set up guerrilla
training, cEmps on Argentine and Brazil-
ian territory near the Paraguayan bor-
der.
Activities in other countries include:
Argentin a: The Communists have at-
tempted tc infiltrate some major parties
and in, the elections held in mid-March
of this ,year, they supported the "Peron-
ista" Popular Union Party.
Brazil: The establishment of the new
governinent in Brazil put a halt to the
spread and infiltration of communism.
However, Efforts are still being made to
create a state of guerrilla warfare and
to unleash a campaign of terrorism.
Chile: Early in 1965 the Minister of
the Intericr described acts of terrorism
there as very grave and attributed them
to groups f nanced with foreign funds.
Ecuador Early this year riots occurred
in Quite at the end of a march organized
by the recieration of University Students
of Ecuador during which the National
Palace was pelted with stones and Molo-
tov cocktai:s. Shortly afterward, the au-
thorities discovered a cache of weapons,
explosi es and propaganda material in
Approved For Releas
26, 1965
the hands of Communists linked with
Cuba.
Nicaragua: Last year authorities dis-
covered a large-scale subversive plot, di-
rected from Havana, designed to estab-
lish a Communist government.
Panama: In December 1964, the Gov-
ernor of Colon declared that:
Personnel trained in Communist China,
Cuba and Russic, have attempted a coup
against our democratic system and the Com-
munists are tryin3 to deceive the masses in
the hope of seeing Panama converted into
the second American Republic under the heel
of a foreign army.
Peru: Toward the end of January, a
typical Communist attack was launched
against the U.S. military mission. And
in the July 17 Latin American Times,
Jay Mallin reported:
Communist guerrillas in Peru, rampaging
and ambushing, have served to spotlight a
growing Castro-Communist threat through-
out the hemisphers which for several months
had been obscured by the Dominican crisis.
In a dispatch to the New York Times
from Lima on July 21, Juan de Onis re-
ports that:
President Fernando Belaunde Terry said
today that Cuba and the Soviet Union were
helping Communist "gangsters" bring unrest
to his country.
Mr. Belaunde said that in Peru, as in Vene-
zuela, the Communists had adopted extrem-
ist tactics of guerrilla action and terrorism
"because we are making real social and eco-
nomic gains, in obvious contrast to Cuba's
situation."
In other Latin American countries where
"there is inflation and so many other prob-
lems" the Communists use less drastic tac-
tics, Mr. Belaunde suggested.
These are some of the terrorist inci-
dents which have erupted in almost every
Latin American country with varying in-
tensity. Many of the uprisings are fo-
mented by students, always a fertile field
for agitators. As one American diplomat
described the current wave of leftist,
Communist-inspired disorders, assas-
sinations and terrorism.
"Somebody is giving the whole place a
shake."
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman. yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. Yes. I yield to the
gentleman.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. What the
gentleman is saying is that our funda-
mental problem in the Western Hemis-
phere is one of developing tactics to
counter the political warfare that is
actually taking place.
Mr. PUCINSKI. That is correct.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. In years past,
of course, we had the Monroe Doctrine
that was availabae as our reason for
keeping this particular hemisphere
secure. It seems to me, if something is
going to be recommended, we need to
have a similar concept to that which
was available for military purposes
adopted so as to amend the Monroe Doc-
trine in order to counter this political
warfare problem we have. Would the
gentleman agree w.ith that?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I think the gentle-
man is correct. I think President John-
son's decisive action in Santo Domingo
in the Dominican Republic certainly has
brought our country and the free nations
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juzy 2 6 (11 9 6pproved For RitiensAigmmAt gockgei7noftwom00500080005-4
-in the Western Hemisphere back into the
orbit of thinking along the lines of the
Monroe Doctrine.
Although the OAS agreed in 1964 to
defend the rights of individual member
nations against aggression through sub-
version, there has been no action. Yet
Many of these OAS members, as I said
Previously, whose countries have been
Victims of Communist subversion debate
the right of the United States to stop
Communists from making the Dominican
Republic another Cuba. A year ago to-
day the members-of the OAS, with the
exception of Mexico, voted to break diplo-
matic and trade relations with Cuba
When it was discovered and proved that
the Venezuelan charges were substan-
tiated. Because of the Dominican Re-
public crisis an inter-American peace
force is being formed. It is hoped plans
for establishing a permanent peace force
from the American nations will be form-
alized and voted on at the foreign min-
isters meeting in Rio de Janeiro. I think
this is one of the high points of our de-
cisive action in the Dominican Republic.
I think that that action has given the
OAS new courage, new meaning, new
direction, and new strategy. If nothing
More came out of that action than the
creation of a pan-American or inter-
American military peacekeeping force,
we would have gone a long way toward
turning back to the security of the
Monroe Doctrine.
Mr. DON H. CLA1:7SEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield further?
Mr. PUCINSKI, Yes. I yield to the
gentleman.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Does the
gentleman feel that the OAS is reacting
rapidly enough in -order to permit this
same concept in any future uprisings?
Mr. PUCINSKI. They are not acting
rapidly enough, but I think that the
problems I have enumerated here should
give you a clue to their own problems.
Our problem here is understanding that
many of these South American govern-
ments are not very stable because of the
extent of subversion that exists in those
countries. Many 61 those governments
can be toppled overnight. So it is not
enough for us to say that they ought to
move faster. I think we Americans, first
of all, have to recognize that there is a
Problem. Let us stop kidding ourselves.
There is a real serious problem in South
America. The analysis I have presented
? here today indicates the extent of sub-
version that is now going on in prac-
tically every nation in South America.
So what we have to do, it seems to me,
is to firm up the political governments
Of these South American countries and
then firm up the OAS; and I think we
ought to try and develop this inter-
? American peacekeeping force as quickly
as possible so that these nations that
want to stand with us will know that if
itbere is a plot of subversion from Cuba
against any one of these countries they
will be able to fall back quickly on an
inter-American peacekeeping force with-
out suffering the possibility of losing the
? cohesiveness and continuity of their
respective governments.
?This is, one of tbe problems ahead of,
11S.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. The gentle-
man is suggesting then that through this
beefing-up process we in effect are going
to have to sponsor political organiza-
tional information and in effect develop
a political offensive where the Federal
system of government, that has worked
successfully in this country, can be im-
plemented in those areas. But it is going
to require people who understand the
Federal system of government to assist
In implementing this concept in those
areas where the problem exists.
Mr. PUCINSKI. I think the gentle-
man is correct. Some of these points are
covered in my statement.
At the bresent time, according to the
State Department, the major instrument
of U.S. policy toward Cuba is a sys-
tematic program of "economic denial,"
although this process is not likely to
bring down the present regime. Infor-
mation from Cuba indicates?and this
is extremely important?that this eco-
nomic boycott is relatively successful but
cannot be completely effective unless
other free world countries cease trading
with Cuba,.
For example, from 1963 to 1964
Japan's trade with Cuba increased 240
percent; Spain's by 300 percent. Eng-
land?one of our most notable and loyal
allies--has increased her exports to Cuba
by 130 percent.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUtINSK/. I yield.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. It could be
said that with friends like this who needs
enemies?
Mr. PUCINSKI. The gentleman is
quite correct.
Cuba is a bad economic risk for any
trading nation.
As early as 1963 Cuba's trade balance
with bloc nations started to deteriorate
with their deficit of $625 million. It was
estimated that she owed the Soviet bloc
more than $900 million in trade alone.
In addition her debt for technical aid,
arms, and so forth, is $1.5 billion to Rus-
sia; $430 million to Czechoslovakia; $250
million to Poland; $85 million to Hun-
gary; $70 million to Rumania, and to
several countries in the Western Hemi-
sphere another $165 million.
In 1963 the trade balance of Cuba with
Western countries was favorable in the
amount of $65 million. However, this
had to be used for other necessities, so
Cuba is now almost with no dollar re-
serve. Last year she had only $20 mil-
lion in reserve and this year her finan-
cial situation will be much worse.
The U.S.S.R. made two loans to her of
$50 million and $16 million each at the
end of 1064 to cover her letters of credit
with Western countries and to buy basic
materials necessary to the sugar and
nickel industries. At the end of 1964
Cuba had exceeded her budget for im-
ports by $300 million, and the outlook
for 1965 Is far worse in spite of a nor-
mal sugar harvest.
The biggest job ,we have ahead of us
is to convince our free world allies that
by trading with Cubathey are helping
_
17505
perpetuate the Communist regime of Fi-
del Castro and holding the people of
Cuba in a state of slavery and despera-
tion. Not only that, they are financing
and support Communist Propaganda and
subversive activities originating in Cuba.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Could the
gentleman tell me what the State De-
partment thinks of this comment? Are
they doing something about this to fol-
low what the gentleman is now suggest-
ing?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I should like to lay
these facts before the coordinate branch
of the Government, the legislative branch
of the Government here, this body.
I should Ince to lay these facts before
this body, as I am doing today on this
12th anniversary, in order to show my
colleagues and the American people the
full toll of letting the Communists re-
main in Cuba.
It is my hope we will then be able to
explore the reactions from the State De-
partment and the other interested
agencies.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield further?
Mr. PUCINSKI. Yes, I yield to the
gentleman from California.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Well, the
gentleman has certainly provided Mem-
bers of Congress with an excellent rec-
ord. My only regret is that there are
not more Members on the floor to hear
the gentleman. We have less than six
Members on the floor, in my judgment.
It is very regrettable, because I believe
every Member of Congress should have
heard this fine special order that the
gentleman has taken the time to prepare.
Could the gentleman tell me if it is
possible to reveal the sources of the gen-
tleman's information?
Mr. PUCINSKI. Much of this infor-
mation is obtained from, as I have said
before, newspaper reports, reports of re-
liable newspapers, published both in the
United States and in South American
countries. Much of this information is
available from Publicly documented
sources that have come to our attention
In the Cuban Freedom Committee, and
much of this information is made avail-
able through the sources and the people
who write to us, not only from Cuba but
people who hear our broadcasts in other
parts of South America and who have to
rely in many instances upon these broad-
casts sponsored by the Cuban Freedom
Committee which, incidentally, is a
committee made up exclusively of Amer-
ican citizens, people, many of whom
have never been to Cuba, although the
executive director had been a teacher
In Cuba before the Communists took
over, as well as from informed letters
which we receive from other countries in
South America written by people who
hear our broadcasts.
MI stated earlier, our broadcasts may
serve in many instances as the only
source of straight reliable world news,
because this is primarily all we broad-
cast. We broadcast news from the world
and the people of Cuba and the people of
other South American countries who
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Approved Fotty\tak Aff)3ARF6RR8159P6M46R0005000800011-N\26,
ea,r these broadcasts which emanate
oin Miami, from Florida, and from
ew Orleans, these people have learned
rely on our broadcasts, because we do
ot engage in propaganda, and we give
t em the truth. We give them news
er the wire services, the same news
t at Americans and the people of all the
f ee world are receiving. And these peo-
e have learned to respect us for our
tegrity,, and as a i esult they write in
nd niost of the information that we get
from these very reliable sources.
I wonder, if I may, just touch on this
oint because it may be of interest to
e gentleman from California? The
oint I was going to make was this?
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. It is of inter-
t to me because I have met the worthy
rgarization which the gentleman is dis-
ssing and, furthermore, I have had
me personal contacts with people in
ese various countries of the world
rough a missionary program with
hich I worked for a number of years.
Mr. PUCINSKI. .And, of course, the
ssionaries very often are excellent in
t eir analyses.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. It seems to
e that the people should know more
bout what is going on in these areas
an the State Department.
Mr. PUCINSKI. :: think the gentle-
would be interested to know that
t a Week ago radio Havana in a broad-
t to Latin America?the gentleman
skecl me how we get this information?
s d:
We wish to inform you that starting July
we will increase the number of frequencies
rough which we broadcast in Spanish to
atm n America, North A.merlea. ,and Central
eri6a. Desides the normal frequencies
u will be able to hear us on 25, 16, and 7
egacycles."
On July 21, Ramiro Puertas, Director
the Cuban Institute of Radio, an-
ounced over ClVIQ Havana, that this
ar the Institute will install a 150,000-
att station in Havana and another of
e same power in San German, Oriente;
o other 60,000-watt stations in Carn-
ey and Oriente Provinces for radio
ebelde network. On July 26, another
,000-watt station will be inaugurated
Guantanamo. still another 60,000-
att station will be built in Cacocum,
riente, for radio Progreso network,
latch, will have an additional 5,000-watt
ation in Baracoa.
Also, they are installing French TV
uipment to improve reception between
aguey, Guaimaro; and Victoria de
s Tunas. It is important to know that
s :is French equ.:pment--equipment
lug supplied to Communist Cuba by
r supposed ally, France.
To show Cuba's importance to the
mrnunists' dream of world domina-
n, I will read you another news dis-
tch :
The French Press Agency reported from
iro on July 16 that the Cuban Ambassador
Egypt, before leavini; for home, had an-
uncod that a conference of popular move-
ents of three continents will be held in
H. vans on January 6, 1466. It had been de-
ci?ed at the Fourth Afro-Asian Solidarity
C nference in Accra in May '5o extend the
vereent to Latin America. Representa-
es of popular movements of six Latin
American ountries will participate in the
prelimihary planning meetings which will
begin ih Csiro on September 1. The coun-
tries are: Cuba, Mexico, Venezuela, Uruguay,
Chile, and Guatemala. The planning com-
mittees als3 will includes delegates of Jive
African ccsmtries: Egypt, Algiers, Morocco,
Guinea. Sodtb Africa, and six Asian coun-
tries?he 3eople's Republic of China, the
U.S.S.R., India, Indonesia, Jaren, and South
Vietnaih.
There s ou have it, Mr. Speaker, in
the bold, broad strokes of Communist
takeover mder our very noses. Two
years ago ihe United States seemed to be
at least it some measure awake to the
Cuban danger. Today, I fear we are let-
ing the immediate and close-to-home
problem tike a secondary position in our
planning and our defense. Mr. Speaker,
I affirm t) this House that in such a
course lies hemispheric disaster.
FREENVHEIELING DISARMAMENT
BIN(IE :0-DANGER8 NATIONAL SE-
CURITY
The SP:LAKER pro tempore. Under
previoUs oder of the House, the gentle-
man from California [Mr. Hosamil is
recognized for 40 minutes.
Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, disarma-
ment fervar runs high in Washington
today. Tie Arms Control and Disarma-
ment Ager cy's?ACDA?budget has bal-
looned several hundred percent since its
inception n 1961. Friends of Disarma-
ment Iron intellectual and academic
circles! in large numbers have enlisted
voluntariliy in the cause. Prof. Jerome
Wiesner, the former White House sci-
ence advis er, recommends developing "a
cadre of people whose full-time occupa-
tion" is to reorient public attitudes. He
wants them "to create a vested interest
in amp ontrol"?whatever that may
mean. ;
Unles forces in the United States who
recognize the danger of unrestrained dis-
armament quickly organize and articu-
late their position, the administration's
cadre of c.edicated disarmers soon will
take the Nation Past the point of no re-
turn on its flight from the proven strat-
egy of arming to avoid trouble to the yet
unproven :,trategy of disarming to avoid
it. .
DISARMERS worm QUIETLY AND EFFECTIVELY
The disarmers carry on their work un-
obtrusiyely. . As yet the public is not
conditipned to disarmament. The ma-
jority of Americans still believes world
peace as well as national survival de-
pends on s rength coupled with negotia-
tion rather than negotiation alone. The
average person is scared half out of his
wits when some enterprising writer digs
out and Publicizes facts on various
ACDA-sponsored disarmament studies.
This alas the case when things came
to light as lhe study on togetherness with
Russia and its study suggesting self -un-
posed limitations on intelligence gather-
ing efforts.
The Wor c of Washington's disarmers
is being' made easier by the seemingly cal-
culated elimination of top military
spokesmen capable of comunicating au-
thoritatively with the American public.
Such popular figures as Admiral Arleigh
1965
"31 Knot" Burke and cigar-chomping
Gen. Curtis LeMay are on the retired
rolls. No successors have been permitted
to develop public prominence. Probably
not one person in a thousand can even
name our present Chief of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff.
A tribute to the steady progress of the
disarmers came recently in the form of a
lack of outcry when a U.S. Ambassador
to the U.N., the late Adlai Stevenson,
promised a further softening of the
American position on test ban treaty
safeguards. When negotiations for a
comprehensive treaty broke off in 1963.
U.S. demands for annual inspections in
Soviet territory had been whittled from
20 to 7. Khrushchey still adamantly
maintained "three or four" would be
ample. Stevenson promised that the
Johnson administration now "is willing
to explore" further what constitutes "an
adequate inspection system."
Public apathy toward the possible con-
sequences of the promise has encouraged
and accelerated preparation of many
other advanced disarmament positions,
some of which President Johnson is ex-
pected to offer the Soviets when the 18-
nation Disarmament Conference recon-
venes in Geneva tc morrow.
These include:
NIMAILATER9L NUCLEAR UMBRELLA
This proposal calls for pledges by
nuclear have-not nations to refrain from
seeking nuclear capabilities in exchange
for pledges from the U.N.'s nuclear
"haves" to aid them if they fall victim to
atomic aggression. Whether the occur-
rence, of "aggression" is to be determined
by the U.N.'s frequently paralyzed Gen-
eral Assembly, its veto-ridden Security
Council, the nonnuclear victim or the
nuclear pledgegiver is uncertain.
TOTAL TEST BAN TREATY
This proposal to enlarge the present
limited test ban treaty to include a bar
against tests underground as well as in
other environments would be based on
"splitting the difference" between United
States and U.S.S.R. inspection demands
and fixing the number at five annually.
Professor Wiesner and ACDA believe
"five inspections per year will provide
adequate security against clandestine
nuclear testing." However, hearings of
the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
cast considerable doubt on this optimistic
assessment. Additionally, they raised
monumental doubts whether even un-
limited opporturities for inspection
could penetrate the precautions of a
determined cheater. This is because the
Soviets insist on severe limitations on
factors affecting the quality as well as
the quantity of inspections. These in-
clude tight restrictions on size and com-
position of inspection teams, allowable
Inspection techniques, permissible equip-
ment, mode and freedom of travel and
communications, length of the inspection
period and the like.
DESTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Several years ago the disarmament
concept of "we'll burn our bombers and
you burn yours" was seriously con-
sidered. Its current adaptation is ex-
pected to take the form of a proposal that
the United States and U.S.S.R, junk
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july 6, 1965
i
iails and dimensions of the hoasing problem
In the /station's' Capital."
Existing data is stale, incomplete, and in-
adequate," Sheppard said. "Almost every-
One living in Washington is aware generally
hat we e confronted with a housing prob-
em whi h is growing more serious day by
ay. Bt now we want the facts. The un-
$rnishei and whole truth will give us a
tealistic basis to solve the prcblem.
"Now the citizens living the these areas
ave vol nteered to go out personally, inter-
view th Ir neighbors and then collect the
informa ion which will help us define our
loals an strategies. What ws need now is
More de ent, safe housing that low-income
people c n afford.
"This s a burning issue with us._ We feel
that poo housing is one of the strongest con-
tributin causes of poverty," he said.
The c wale is being 'conducted in three
eighbo ,00ds in the Cardozo area of North-
west ,W'ashington; in the neighborhood
around endship House, 619 G Street SE.;
n the n ighborhood around Southeast House
across t e Anacostia River, 22a3 Mount View
Place SE., and in two areas in the Northeast.
One i In the near Northeast, bounded
ir New York Avenue, Mount Olivet Road,
M
Street, and. the Anacostia River. Another
ft in the far allortheast,bounded on two sides
, y the rine', Georges County line, and by
t
ort Duo nt Road and the Anacostia River,
nd a third in urban renewal area Northwest
No. 1 around Union Station.
A five-page ,survey form includes ques-
tions on the number of people living in a
dwelling theft income, rent, and mortgage
tchedul . Interviewers will seek informa-
ion fro renters about landlord-tenant re-
tk,tionsh ps, lease patterns and eviction
problem.
They 1 pinpoint the actual physical con-
ditions f each dwelling unit, sanitary con-
ditions, he state of repair or disrepair, heat-
ng fac ities, and trash and garbage col-
lection s rvice.
Interv ewers have been organized into area
eams b the neighborhood advisory councils.
Data athered will be tallied from August
li-7. A report will be issued to the com-
rnunity August 8. This is expected to be
r'ollowed by an action program based on the
aecomm ndations. ,
if From t e Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
July 20, 1965]
Co PLIANCE ON REPAIRS IS OFTEN
Loam DELAYED
Both andlord and tenant complain about
the lack of a clear standard for enforcement.
The la dlord. says different inspectors use
differertl criteria for spotting 'violations, and
the ten nts complain that the lack of qual-
lty control permits landlords to use cheap
rnateria in repairs. The code specified only
- that a 'workmanlike" job be done.
! Neigh orhood workers attempting to help
SIUM d elm with their housing problems
ave be n annoyed by the housing division's
licy o allowing only landlords and tenants
o see iolations records. - Mallon said he
as ma ing an exception to his rule when
reporter , after filling out detailed forms re-
quiring both Mallon's and the Corporation
Counsel's signatures, were permitted to see
the reco. ds.
i All the division's records are filed by street
address. There is no-central :Me_ listing vio-
Iators by name. The inspectors become fa-
n-tiller with habitual offender., but there is
no easy itvay to determine any owner's entire
history 4f code violations.
But nostly it ft the long delays and the
onstan threat- of retaliating evictions that
rustrat slum dwellers seeking to get re-
airs in their homes. And perhaps it is the
elays that have led to the suspicion by the
'tenants that inspectors can be bought off by
Ilandlor s.
I .
APPr"tcgatAVREVE-0
6169LAIRM00446R000500080005-4 17501
One real estate 'man said that years ago,
owners and agents always Provided the in-
spectors with generous Christmas gifts.
"We all used to lo it," he said, "but then
one time an 'nape ctor came by to get his
gift, and I sivar his car was packed full of
whisky so I cutit att."
The agent lid he now occasionally will
ask an Inspect dr to come by one of his prop-
erties to advise him about repairs that will
be necessary ta maet the code. "I' usually
give them $5 Or $10 for the favor," he said,
"but I've only dor e this a couple of dozen
times in the peat 25 years."
S. Tudor Sta-anf , deputy superintendent
of the housing dit ision, said: "If we knew
the point where slum landlords will leave
the market and ba replaced by people not
interested in explciting tenants. But step-
ped-up enforcement as Mallon points out,
would require conaiderably more inspectors.
Several weeks au?, District Commissioner
Walter N. Tobrinet suggested what he calls
a "reformulation" of the code. He agrees
with many sluna Loadlords?that the minor
aspects of the: code should not be empha-
sized.
Tobriner fears I hat with strict enforce-
ment and lowcir profits "the landlord, either
evicts the tenants, rehabilitates the prop-
erty and rentii to high income groups, or
evicts the tenants razes the building and
converts the land ao some other use."'
"There is a dilemma," Tobriner said.
Tough enforceanen t could have the unin-
tended effect of rec.ucing the housing supply
rather than iraprcving housing conditions.
Still other cdnaplaints about slum housing
center on the Landlord and Tenant Court.
Cases handled athe a last year ardounted to
more than 96,000 and Chief Judge John Lewis
Smith, Jr., estImaies the figure will exceed
100,000 this year.
The proceedings in the court are summary,
usually withoUt eaterisive argument. More
than 95 percent of the cases in the court
deal with nonpayir ant of rent while most of
the others involve dousing code violations.
In the nonpaym ant cases, Smith said, if
the tenant admits having not paid the rent,
the only judgrnent possible will be in favor
of the landlord. The law does not give the
tenant the right .* withhold his rent be-
cause his landlord has failed to make repairs
or improvements, Smith said.
The wording of the law and the role of
the judges in, eniorcing the law have led
slum dwellers to complain that the court is
merely a Collection agency for landlords.
Civil rights erga aizations and antipoverty
officials in Washington are now seeking
changes in the law, but Smith said that what-
ever reforms are made must come through
legislation or appolate court decisions, net
from the Landlord and Tenant Court.
[From the WaahinIton (D.C.) Post, auly 14,
; 1965]
POTOMAC WATOH--..75ITY'S HOUSING SHORTAGE
THE TARGET? FRUSTRATION THE THEME AT
DISCUSSION
(By George Lardner Jr.)
Frustration area the theme.
The city's shOrta le of low-cost housing was
the target. The audience sounded aroused.
But the members of more than 25 housing
organizations, Civil rights groups, and pub-
lic agencies who gathered to try to "do some-
thing" about he housing crisis seemed to
realize they Were punching futilely at the
same old paper bra of exorbitant rents,
dilapidated homes slumlords, and the bu-
reaucratic delays facing almost any attempt
at improvement.
"We seem ta be moving backwards," said
Stephen J. P011ala president-elect of the
Washington Planning and Housing Associa-
tion which called tae meeting.
"A tent on the Mall would be an enor-
mous tmprove1nent for more people than I
care to think of," said Harris Weinstein, the
association's housing committee chairman.
The District of Columbia Coalition of
Conscience has been trying to put up
a tent for a family of 13?with two
working mothers?who were evicted last
month, but can't find new quarters. The
emergency housing program the city loudly
promised in May for predicaments like this
may take another 3 months to get started, ac-
cording to city officials Who are not accus-
tomed to rushing.
Forty-five real estate agents and nine pub-
lic and private agencies had been called, said
Coalition Co-Chairman Walter E. Fauntroy,
but none could come up with a single unit
that the family could afford
The tent, of course, ft a gimmick?but an
appropriate one. As Mr. Fauntroy said, "we
have to create pressure to affect the cures."
One WPHA worker who helps families in
the Cardozo area told of an eight-room house
worth $17,600 that produces gross rentals of
$600 a month for its owner.
The worker, Tom Firor, also told of an-
other landlord who "for the 40th time in the
last 6 months has evicted or threatened to
evict families because they called the city's
Housing Division" to get. needed repairs
ordered.
Another WPHA worker, Belvie Rooks,
broke into tears when she described how her
organization had to pay $300 a month in back
rent to "one of the worst slumlords in the
city" to save a mother of seven from evic-
tion from a house with broken-down plumb-
ing and inadequate heating. The family,
Miss Rooks said, had beer. living there for
3 years when the old owner died. Suddenly,
she said, the rent went up from $50 a month
with utilities to $100 a month?without utili-
ties.
The audience had plenty of suggestions?
ranging from rent controls, to tougher en-
forcement of the housing code to easing the
housing code's restrictions against over-
crowding.
Mr. Fauntroy suggested that citizens' or-
ganizations start scouring the suburbs for
sites?a suggestion that should we well 'worth
pursuing under the administration's rent
subsidy program before Congress. He pro-
posed that "we move into the surrounding
area and, if necessary, purchase land to re-
lieve the (city's housing) need."
But no one followed through with the
thought. Despite the suggestions, the meet-
ing reflected, primarily, a feeling of exas-
peration at all the years gone by without any
substantial progress.
"What we called victories really just
switched people around the slums," said
Lillian Secundy of the Washington Urban
League.
The WPHA had drafted a statement calling
for more low-income housing in the city
and action on several long-stalled projects,
but the audience didn't bather to endorse it.
"Pious paragraphs," said one speaker.
"Too wishy-washy," said another.
Pollak agreed, but added: "I'm wonder-
ing what we can do." He suggested develop-
ment of a "plan of action" backed by a fed-
eration of all interested organizations. But
no one could do anything right away.
They've got their boards of directors to
check with.
Everyone, it seems, is saddled with his own
bureaucracy--which brings us back to the
District Building.
District Commissioner Walter N. Toloriner
has suggested "an emergency in low-cost
housing" might be declared?so the Com-
missioners could temporarily lift relatively
minor housing code requirements in run-
down neighborhoods.
The suggestion was sincerely made, but it
hardly seems an adequate response 'to an
emergency. If it had any noticeable effect,
It would probably benefit the landlords more
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than the tenants; and promote slums rather
than decent housing.
If the Commissioners can agree there's an
"emergency"--and there is?perhaps they
might fry promoting some one- or two-block
urban renewal projects?for public housing.
It migh.t not work-, but ft seems worth the at-
tempt. It'll take a while to get to the
anburbs.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
? July 15, 1965]
NEW GROUP TO PUSH LOW INCOME Irons'No
(By Benjamin Forgey)
An informal District organization calling
itself the Ad HoC, Committee on the Housing
Crisis was formed last night to seek an in-
crease in low-income housing.
Representatives of about 20 housing, civil
rights, labor, political, welfare and church
organizations endorsed the program, but left
the exact nature of the new group in doubt
as they returned to report to their own
organizations.
Harris Weinstein, chairman of the housing
committee of the Washington Planning and
Housing Association, said he hoped action on
some Of the proposals would begin this week.
The most "immediate and substantial
need." Weinstein told the group, was to lobby
for bairced residential use of the Ana,costia-
Bolling an Earional Vali:ring School sites.
Competing proposals for use of these tracts,
the last large, aVailable publicly owned sites
in the District, are being discussed in
Congress.
The group also voted to urge the District
C ,ornmtssioners, to use "whatever powers they
now have" to make repairs on Slum prop-
erties and charge the repairs to landlords.
According to the resolution, the Commis-
sioners will also be asked to seek legislation
Preventing "retaliatory" evictions and rent
increases. ?
Also proposed was a "housing crisis week-
end.", during which clergymen will focus their
sermons on the 4eecl, for,low-income housing
and a tour of the District's slums for inter-
ested Public officials.
? The meeting was the result of a WPHA
effort to "bring, the housing, needs of the
District before, te public," and was a follow-
up an Initial session held last Thursday.
P2GVEIGN POCICY MISMANAGEMENT
(Mx. DERVTINSKI (at the request of
Mr. DoN H. CLAUSEN) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the ECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr, DERWIIIIKSHI. Mr. Speaker, the
continued detArioration of our conduct
of foreign affairs is seen in many parts
of the world. liowever, the spineless
handling of the Nasser administration in
Egypt certainly is fully indicative of for-
eign policy mismanagement.
When are we going to wake up and
realize that we are being taken for a
ride? Egypt is doing a good job of mak-
ing a fool out of the United States. Less
than a month ago, Egypt's Nasser took a
full advantage of American willingness
to hand out free wheat, Now, we find
out that the Agency for International
Development gave Egypt over 23 million
Clollarp' worth: of corn, in 1961 on the
- basis Of an Out and, out misrepresenta-
tion.
My distinguished colleague, the gen-
tleman from Minnesota [Mr. LANcErth
qiIed atteption to the report of the
Cleneral Accounting Office ;that a ship-
ment of 186,060 metric tons of corn to
Egypt under the auspices of AID was ob-
tained under false pretenses. The grant
was made on the basis of reports from.
the Cromrnunist-sympathizing country of
a potential famine because of a serious
crop failure. It was later disclosed that
no crop failure occurred and much of
the corn had been sold by Egypt.
The gentleman from Minnesota [Mr.
LANGEN] further disclosed that AID of-
ficials found out Egypt was selling some
of the corn even before the whole grant
was shipped. With over $11 million
worth still in the hands of U.S. officials,
AID apparently made no attempt to hold
the shipments until the matter could be
investigated. The GAO report charged
that AID did not check on distribution of
over 85 percent of the corn, and it has
been substantiated that at least 80,000
tons have been sold by the Egyptian
Government.
This report confirms what I have been
saying for years. The administration
will spend taxpayers' dollars to give aid
to any country which stretches out its
hand. I want to commend the General
Accounting Office on its alertness. I hope
this report opens some eyes in Washing-
ton. If it does not, it seems we will con-
tinue to help a country that openly de-
grades the United States and is critical
of our policy.
What is needed is action by the Con-
gress to insure that any future grants
would be made only when it is assured
that all the aid goes for the purpose for
which it was intended. Apparently, the
Agency for International Development
does not do this now.
As a member of the House Foreign Af-
fairs Committee which has been duti-
fully rubberstamping administration
measures for years, I would hope that
the committee would recognize its legis-
lative responsibilities and concentrate on
implementation of a foreign policy
whereby we would reject the blackmail
pressures from rulers such as Nasser.
Na:sser is -using anti-Israel statements
as a'` smokescreen for his domestic fail-
ures, and there is no reason why we
should prop up his administration, which
is carrying on an aggressive military ac-
tion against the legitimate government
and people of Yemen.
(Mr. BURTON of Utah (at the re-
quest of Mr. DoN H. CLAusEN) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. BURTON of Utah's remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. BURTON of Utah (at the request
of Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN) was granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
[Mr. BURTON of Utah's remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
MEMBERS OF THE JOINT COMMIS-
SION ON THE COINAGE
The SPEAKETt. PurSualit to the pro.:
visions of Public Law 89-81, the Chair
appoints as members of the Joint Com-
mission on the Coinage the following
July 26, 1965
Members on the part of the House:
Messrs. EDMONDSON, GrArmo, CorrrE, and
BATTIN.
FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE
SENATE
A further message from the Senate
by Mr. Arrington, one of its clerks, an-
nounced that the Senate agrees to the
report of the committee of conference on
the disagreeing votes of the two Houses
on the amendments of the Senate to the
bill (H.R. 2984) entitled "An act to
amend the Public Health Service Act
provisions for construction of health re-
search facilities by extending the expira-
tion date thereof and providing increased
support for the program, to authorize
additional assistant secretaries in the
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, and for other purposes."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
2985) entitled "An act to authorize as-
sistance in meeting the initial cost of
professional and technical personnel for
comprehensive community mental health
centers."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
7984) entitled "An act to assist in the
provision of housing for low- and mod-
erate-income families, to promote or-
derly urban development, to improve
living environment in urban areas, and
to extend and amend laws relating to
housing, urban renewal, and community
facilities."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the House to the bill (S. 510)
entitled "An act to extend and other-
wise amend certain expiring provisions
of the Public Health Service Act relating
to community health s ees,:and for
other purposes." 6_6_63 /
TWELFTH ANNIVERSARY OF COM-
MUNIST CONQUEST OF CUBA
POSES A THREAT TO AMERICA
AS GREAT AS THE THREAT IN
VIETNAM
The SPEAKER. Under previous or-
der of the House, the gentleman from
Illinois [Mr. PucirrsEr] is recognized
for 60 minutes.
(Mr. PUCINSKI asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, 12
years ago today Fidel Castro and his
brother, Raul, with 101 others overran
the Moncada Army Barracks in Cuba.
This was the heginnin.g of Castro's war
to overthrow 13astista, It was the be-
ginning of Castro's betrayal of the Cu-
ban people by permitting the Soviets to
establish the first Communist regime in
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26 A itTediESEENtiff
the Western Hemisphere. This daylis
now celebrated by the Communists as
the 26th of July movement.
Two 'Years itgo Metn15ers on both sides
Of this aisle loIned in -presenting to the
House a serieS'olf addresses eibout a plan
"to fight the cold Waf and to win back
Cuba for democracy:"
Today, 2 years later, here we are on
dead center. We face the same prob-
lem: "What to do about Cuba?"
For the record, let us review the situa-
tion in that beledguered Island only 90
miles from the eastern coastline of the
United States.
Cuba, once a prosperous country; with
one of the highest standards of living in
Latin America, has been reduced to a
primitive society. There is no freedom
of the individual, no free press or radio.
Letters received by Free Cuba Radio
from Cuba tell of hunger, insufficient
clothing, few daily necessities?the
paralysis of much industry. Marxism
dominates school curriculum from the
nursery up 'through university level.
The army is soviet trained and the peo-
ple are terrorized by informers in the
so-called defense committees. Even
the children are forced to spy on their
parents. Conservatively, 80,000 Cuban
men and women are now in jail, forced
to live under indescribable conditions.
Daily executions are Comrhonplace.
Despite a good sugar harvest this year,
the economy is at roCk bottom. Castro
has few dolars for exchange. Diseases
have reached epidemic proportions
among both people and livestock. Medi-
cines and qualified doctors are scarce,
health measures deplorable. Child mor-
? tality continues to mount. Out of a
population of approximately 7 million,
500,000 have left the country. It is es-
timated that 230,000 Cubans hold pass-
pelts and visas and are eager to leave.
!ore than 400,000 others have filled out
request forms. It is reported that from
85 to 90 percent of the people in Cuba
are against the ComMunist regime.
How and why then do the Communists
stay in power? The answer is that with
500,008 men and women under arms and
with a highly trained secret police, the
G-2, the Cuban people live in constant
terror and under suppression of these
spies and guns.
Castro's aim was not to free the Cuban
people from Batista's dictatorship. His
whole design was to create an arsenal
and launching pad for Communist sub-
version to carry on their "wars of libera-
tion" in Latin America. The New York
Times in a, recent editorial, put it this
way:
The wars of liberation are aimed primarily
against the United States. Anywhere in the
non-Communist world, a gain for the East
is a loss for the West and the United States
is the major power in the free world.
:,VoT the past 2 years there has been
OmPartitiVely little' talk about Cuba.
Vietnam has crowded Havana from the
Vont pages. Many well-meaning Amer-
icans have been lulled to complacency by
the coexistence line and that Cuba is no
threat to the United States. In the
Tnear4ime, egramurilst propaganda and
0.1061-0
subversion emanating from the Cuban
launching pad are defeating our foreign
Policy. On March 10 Hewson A. Ryan,
associate director for policy and plans of
the U.S. Information Service, before a
Senate Committee, pointed out the direc-
tion the propaganda of the Communist
nations is taking:
Communist propaganda strategy for Latin
America is directed toward the destruction
of U.S. power and influence in the area and
ultimately to the imposition of Marxist-
Leninist regimes throughout the hemisphere.
In a Pravda editorial of January 14, 1965, and
in the subsequent communique on the
Havana meeting of Latin American Commu-
nist Parties, Moscow has made it clear that
in Latin America it will use "all forms of
struggle, both peaceful and nonpeaceful" to
further the goals of international commu-
nism. While the U.S.S.R., Red China, and
Cuba differ little on their ultimate aims in
Latin America, their short-term propaganda
strategy and tactics do vary somewhat.
The major themes in Cuban propaganda
are "independence from Yankee imperialism"
and the "advantages of a Socialist economy."
To carry on their propaganda activities in
Latin America the Communists utilize in
varying degrees all the modern communica-
tions media. Radio Havana is broadcasting
125 hours weekly in Spanish, 14 hours in
Creole for Haiti, '7 hours each in Portuguese
and English, an hour and 20 minutes in
Guarani for Paraguay, and 30 minutes in
Aymara. Cuba's Spanish service includes a
regular program for Venezuela, which has
been used by members of the Venezuelan
Armed Forces of National Liberation exiled
In Cuba to broadcast direct appeals for in-
surrection against the Venezuelan Govern-
ment. Turncoats from Nicaragua, Honduras,
Guatemala, Peru, and Dominican Republic
broadcast frequently to their respective home
countries from Cuba, also. The Cuban serv-
ice even includes a weekly half hour program
entitled "The Voice of Free Dixie" and is
directed to the American Negro population.
Although not generally known until
Pravda reported it on January 14 of this
year, Central and South American Com-
munist Party leaders, together with
Moscow agents and Castro, and his aides,
met in Havana in late November 1964, to
plan their combined strategy for further
subverting Latin America.
The report of the Special Consultative
Committee on Security of the Pan
American Union?April 12-May 7, 1965?
derived the following conclusions from
the conference of the Communists:
That, for the present, Cuba agrees to con-
tinue to follow Moscow's lead.
That the Castro regime will continue to
serve as the principle tool of communism
for the subversion of the Americas.
That an increase of Communist subversive
activities in the Americas is to be expected.
At that meeting, they selected as their
prime target for subversion, in a virtual
declaration of war, Venezuela, Colombia,
Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, and
Haiti. They omitted the Dominican Re-
public, their pilot project, for which
battle plans already had been drawn.
Arso, in the early part of March 1965,
a world conference of representatives of
Communist Parties was held in Moscow.
Representatives of 19 countries partici-
pated, including those of old Communist
Parties of Argentina and Brazil and the
new United Socialist Revolutionary Party
17503
of Cuba, as the sole representative of
Latin America. This shows the impor-
tance that Moscow attributes to the
Cuban party in world conference.
Now, Mr. Speaker, let us look at the
Implementation of these principles.
First, we all know what took place in
Santo Domingo. On June 13 Jeremiah
O'Leary, Latin American writer for the
Washington Star capsuled a report from
an official U.S. paw compiled b intern-
g_ence sources, expert in Commun
The report, chronologically and in
narrative form, describes the day-by-day
activities in Santo Domingo between
April 24 and May 5 of 77 known Commu-
nists. Many of the 77 were previously
identified as participants in the revolt by
U.S. Government sources on May 6, but
the new document gives intimate details
of their participation before and after
the American intervention.
The document discloses that at least
45 of the extremists had been deported
from the Dominican Republic a year
before and that most of them had re-
ceived guerrilla warfare training in
Cuba before they began drifting back
into the Dominican Republic last Octo-
ber. Cuba's principal agency for pro-
moting revolutionary activities in Latin
America, the General Directorate of
Intelligence?DGI?had for some time
been providing financial support to two
of the three Dominican Communist
parties?the 14th of June Political
Group?APCJI---and the Dominican Pop-
ular Movement?MPD. The other
Dominican Communist group which co-
operated in the rebellion is the Domini-
can Popular Socialist?PSPD?party
which follows the Moscow line.
The revolt may have been started by
some dissident army officers, but the
Communist leaders of all three parties
issued orders to their members to incite
the civilian crowds gathering in the
streets, and to stage rallies and demon-
strations. We all have read of the vio-
lence, wanton damage and loss of life
that ensued.
It is interesting that the Cuban DGI
officer who handles revolutionary opera-
tions for the Dominican Republic is
Roberto Santiesteban Casanova, de-
ported by the United States for engaging
in espionage in 1962 while serving with
the Cuban delegation to the United
Nations.
Time is too short to present further
evidence but let us review what has been
happening in Latin America since the
November meeting of the Latin Ameri-
can Communists.
Venezuela: According to a report
issued by the Special Consultative Com-
mittee on Security of the Pan American
Union on May 7:
Communist activities, which have been on
the wane at the end of 1964, have broken
out again and may be expected to increase
with the assistance that Cuba has promised
to continue to provide to the Armed Forces
of National Liberation.
Cuba is also continuing to provide
considerable amounts of money to sup-
port subversion in Venezuela.
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17504
Approved For let.M.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
'will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield to the gen-
tleman.
110. DON izt. CLAUSEN. I compliment
the gentleman on his very provocative
statement. I would also ask the gentle-
man if the very tactics that are now
being used in Latin America are not es-
sentially the same as have been carried
out by the Vietcong in Vietnam.
Mr. PUCINSKI. They are the very
same tactics. That is why I think this
12th anniversary is of more than pass-
ing interest to the American people.
There has beeratoo little said about what
has been happening in Cuba. There are
those who, for instance, criticized our
own Government :!or taking strong ac-
tion in Santo Domingo in the Dominican
Republic. The fact of the matter is we
have now recorded indisputable proof of
Communist exploitation of subversion
which Castro has been engaging in was
te be tried in Santo Domingo.
We can all, as Americans, regardless
of what our party affiliations may be,
thank the good Lord that we have a
President who moved decisively to stop
this coup in Santo Domingo.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. I would agree
completely with the gentleman, and I am
not a member of either the gentleman's
party or the Pres:ideat's party. I am
convinced in my own mind that had we
net taken this quick and decisive action,
We certainly would have had another
Cuba in this Western Hemisphere.
Would the gentleman have any sugges-
tions as to what he believes should be
done by the administration in Cuba,
however?
PUCINSKI. I will as I continue
my analysis here, because actually it is
no longer enough to look at Cuba alone.
Our problem of Conununist subversion is
hemispheric. I think, as I relate here,
the serious subversion and exploitation
of terrorism from Cuba, we can then see
? how vastly important is this problem
and how large the problem is.
Colombia: With Cuban support, the
guerrillas, terrorist groups, and bandits,
in alliance with rrofessional Commu-
nists, continue their pattern of mur-
ders and depredaticns. In January 1965
the President of the Republic disclosed
the existence of a large-scale subversive
Commuaist plot against the government,
which was to be launched under cover of
nationwide labor strike. The Corn-
Unist Youth League of Colombia, a
Soviet-oriented group, was implicated
n the plan. At the present time Corn-
unist leaders, taking advantage of Co-
ombia's political, economic, and social
risis, are formulating terrorist plans and
romoting violence in the hinterlands.
Also, the Communist slate won easily
n elections 2 months ago for members
f the Executive Council of the National
ederation of Univeasity students known
FUN, the first national organization
f students in this country. FUN now
laints to represent the students in the
5 Government-supported universities
hroughout the country. Although the
ajcalty of the students are not Corn-
unist-oriented, FUN is in control of
tudent political a,cavities.
?giiwit:la-ljil?.17)6_7Bp.paitg000500080005-4
July 26 1965
Gpatemala: From Mexico City this
mouth Daniel James reported in the
Latin imerican Times that Castroite
gueqillas, formerly confined to rural
areas, have recently moved their opera-
tion to Guatemala City in a change of
strategy designed to generate chaos and
disoccier there and to force Col. Enrique
Peralta Azurdia, the chief of state, to
fall. The shift has been accompanied by
renewed terror and violence which began
a few weeks ago with the fatal machine-
gunaing of the Under Secretary of De-
fense, Col. Ernesto Molina Arreaga.
Also, on June 7, bombs were hurled
at the acmes of two newsmen and a
Gua ;ern ilan political leader. That same
night four other bombs exploded at the
embassies of Brazil, Costa Rica, Hon-
duras ,tad Nicaragua--all countries
whieh have sent troops to join the Inter-
American Peace Force in Santo Domingo.
ties iSe3vered a cache of weapons and
Ilnduras: In February, the authori-
ties
subverst re propaganda material and ar-
rested several Communists. Shortly af-
terward in March an armed group led by
a Cuban-trained Communist, attempted
to destrc y the El Canaveral Darn.
Haiti: On July 19 Miss Virginia Prew-
ett, Ivriting in the Latin American Times,
noted ti at President Duvalier has told
the OAS that Castroite infiltrators have
moved against him from the Dominican
Republic. She said that Duvalier for his
own purposes has permitted a "smart,
tough, and experienced group of dedi-
cated Coaununists to become entrenched
In his gc vernrnent." Duvalier is ill and
as th ngs stand now, any succeeding gov-
ernment will be in control of his Com-
munist a ds.
PaTaguay: The Associated Press re-
ported early this month that the Para-
guayan Government had announced that
It ha crushed a Communist plot to be-
gin gt errilla warfare campaign and
"male Paraguay a second Cuba." The
National Chief of Police told a news con-
ference that "many Communist agents"
had teen arrested after infiltrating from
Arge tin a Brazil, and Chile. He also
said tbe Communists had set up guerrilla
training i amps on Argentine and Brazil-
ian territory near the Paraguayan bor-
der. ,
Activit es in other countries include:
Argentite: The Communists have at-
tempted ,o infiltrate some major parties
and ih the elections held in mid-March
of thi year, they supported the "Peron-
ista" t3op liar Union Party.
Brazil: The establishment of the new
goverhment in Brazil put a halt to the
spreall and infiltration of communism.
Howeirer, efforts are still being made to
create a state of guerrilla warfare and
th unkasli a campaign of terrorism.
ChAe: Early in 1965 the Minister of
the Interior described acts of terrorism
there as very grave and attributed them
to groups financed with foreign funds.
in Ectiador: Early this year riots occurred
n Qu to itt the end of a march organized
by the Federation of University Students
of Eduader during which the National
Palace wes pelted with stones and Molo-
tov cocktails. Shortly afterward, the au-
thoritps discovered a cache of weapons,
exploo'ves and propaganda material in
Approved For Release
the hands of Communists linked with
Cuba.
Nicaragua: Last year authorities dis-
covered a large-scale subversive plot, di-
rected from Havana, designed to estab-
lish a Communist government.
Panama: In December 1964, the Gov-
ernor of Colon declared that:
Personnel trained in Communist China,
Cuba and Russia have attempted a coup
against our democratic system and the Com-
munists are trying to deceive the masses in
the hope of seeing Panama converted into
the second American Republic under the heel
of a foreign army.
Peru: Toward the end of January, a
typical Communist attack was launched
against the U.S. military mission. And
in the July 17 Latin American Times,
Jay Mallin repo:rted:
Communist guerrillas in Peru, rampaging
and ambushing, have served to spotlight a
growing Castro-C'ornmunist threat through-
out the hemisphere which for several months
had been obscured by the Dominican crisis.
In a dispatch to the New York Times
from Lima on July 21, Juan de Onis re-
ports that:
President Fernando Belaunde Terry said
today that Cuba and the Soviet Union were
helping Communist "gangsters" bring unrest
to his country. .
Mr. Belaunde said that in Peru, as in Vene-
zuela, the Communists had adopted extrem-
ist tactics of guerrilla action and terrorism
"because we are making real social and eco-
nomic gains, in obvious contrast to Cuba's
situation."
In other Latin American countries where
"there is inflation and so many other prob-
lems," the Communists use less drastic tac-
tics, Mr. Belaunde suggested.
These are some of the terrorist inci-
dents which have erupted in almost every
Latin American country with varying in-
tensity. Many of the uprisings are fo-
mented by students, always a fertile field
for agitators. As one American diplomat
described the current wave of leftist,
Communist-inspired disorders, assas-
sinations and terrorism.
"Somebody is giving the whole place a
shake."
Mr. 'DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. Yes. I yield to the
gentleman.
Mr. DON H. 'CLAUSEN., What the
gentleman is sa?ying is that our funda-
mental problem in the Western Hemis-
phere is one of developing tactics to
counter the political warfare that is
actually taking place.
Mr. PUCINSK:C. That is correct.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. In years past,
of course, we had the Monroe Doctrine
that was available as our reason for
keeping this particular hemisphere
secure. It seems to me, if something is
going to be recommended, we need to
have a similar aoncept to that which
was available for military purposes
adopted so as to amend the Monroe Doc-
trine in order to counter this political
warfare problem we have. Would the
gentleman agree with that?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I think the gentle-
man is correct. :[ think President John-
son's decisive action in Santo Domingo
in the Dominican Republic certainly has
brought our country and the free nations
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17505
in the Western Hemisphere back into the
orbit of thinking along the lines of the
Monroe Doctrine.
Although the OAS agreed in 1964 to
defend the rights of individual member
nations against aggression through sub-
version, there has been no action. Yet
many of these OAS Members, as I said
previously, whose countries have been
victims of Communist subversion debate
the right of the United States to stop
Communists from making the Dominican
Republic another Cuba. A year ago to-
day the members of the OAS, with the
exception of Mexico, voted to break d:plo-
matte and trade relations with Cuba
when it was discovered and proved that
the Venezuelan charges were substan-
tiated. Because of the Dominican Re-
public crisis an inter-American peace
force is being formed. It is hoped plans
for establishing a permanent peace force
from the American nations will be form-
&Ind and yoted on at the foreign min-
isters meeting in Rio de Janeiro. I think
this is one of the high points of our de-
cisive action in the Dominican Republic.
I think that that action has given the
OAS new courage, new meaning, new
direction, and new strategy. If nothing
more came Out of that action than the
creation of a pan-American or inter-
American military peacekeeping force,
we would have gone a long way toward
turning back to the security of the
Monroe Doctrine.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
Will the gentleman yield further?
Mr. PUCE1/41SKI. Yes. I yield to the
gentleman.-
- Mr, DON H. CLAUSEN. Does the
gentleman feel that the OAS is reacting
rapidly enough in order to permit this
same concent in any future uprisings?
Mr. PUCINSKI. They are not acting
rapidly enough, but I think that the
problems I have enumerated here should
give you a clue to their own problems.
Our problem here is understanding that
many of these South American govern-
ments are not very stable because of the
extent of subversion that exists in those
countries. Many of those governments
can be toppled overnight. So it is not
enough for us to say that they ought to
move faster. I think we Americans, first
of all, have to recognize that there is a
problem. Let us stop kidding ourselves.
There is S, real serious problem in South
America. The analysis I have presented
here today indicates the extent, of sub-
version that is now going on in prac-
tically every nation in South America.
So what we have to do, it seems to me,
Is to firm up the no:laical governments
of these South American countries and
then firm up the OAS; and I think we
Ought to try and develop this inter-
American peacekeeping force as quickly
as possible so that these nations that
want to stand with us will know that If
ere is a plot of subversion from Cuba
against any one of these countries they
Will be able, to fall back quickly on an
inter-Amerloan peacekeeping force with-
out suffering the possibility of losing the
eOliesiveness and coritinuity of their
respective governments.
i. is one of the problems ahead of
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield.
Mr. DON' H. CLAUSEN. The gentle-
man is suggesting then that through this
beefing-up process we in effect are going
to have to sponsor political organiza-
tional information and in effect develop
a political offensive where the Federal
system of government, that has worked
successfully in this country, can be im-
plemented in those areas. But it is going
to require people who understand the
Federal system of government to assist
in implementing this concept in those
areas where the problem exists.
Mr. PUCINSKI. I think the gentle-
man is correct. Some of these points are
covered in my statement.
At the present time, according to the
State Department, the major instrument
of U.S. policy toward Cuba is a sys-
tematic program of "economic denial,"
although this process is not likely to
bring down the present regime. Infor-
mation train Cuba indicates?and this
Is extremely important?that this eco-
nomic boycott is relatively successful but
cannot be completely effective unless
other free world countries cease trading
with Cuba.
For example, from 1963 to 1964
Japan's trade with Cuba increased 240
percent; Spain's by 300 percent. Eng-
land?one a our most notable and loyal
allies?has increased her exports to Cuba
by 130 percent.
M. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
111r. PUCINSKI. I yield.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. It could be
said that with friends like this who needs
enemies?
Mr. PUCINSEL The gentleman is
quite correct.
Cuba is a bad economic risk for any
trading nation.
As early as 1963 Cuba's trade balance
with bloc nations started to deteriorate
with their deficit of $625 million. It was
estimated that she owed the Soviet bloc
more than $900 million in trade alone.
In addition her debt for technical aid,
arms, and so forth, is $1.5 billion to Rus-
sia; $430 million to Czechoslovakia; $250
million to Poland; $85 million to Hun-
gary; $70 million to Rumania, and to
several countries in the Western Hemi-
sphere another $165 million.
In 1963 the tra,de balance of Cuba with
Western cquntries was favorable in the
amount of $65 million. However, this
had to be used for other necessities, so
Cuba is now almost with no dollar re-
serve. Last year she had only $20 mil-
lion in reserve and this year her finan-
cial situation will be much worse.
The U.S.S.R. made two loans to her of
$50 million and $16 million each at the
end of 1964 to cover her letters of credit
with Western countries and to buy basic
materials pecessary to the sugar and
nickel industries. At the end of 1964
Cuba had exceeded her budget for im-
ports by $300 million, and the outlook
for 1965 is far worse in spite of a nor-
mal sugar harvest.
The biggest job we have ahead of us
i$ to convince our free world allies Plat
:by -trading with Cuba they are helping
Perpetuate the Communist regime of Fi-
del Castro and helding the people of
Cuba in a state of s'avery and despera-
tion.' Not only that, they are financing
and support Communist propaganda and
subversive activities originating in Cuba.
Mr. DON H, CLATJ$EN. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I yield.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Could the
gentleman tell me what the State De-
partment thinks of this comment? Are
they doing something about this to fol-
low what the gentleman is now suggest-
ing?
Mr. PUCINSKI. I should like to lay
these facts before the coordinate branch
of the Government, the legislative branch
of the Government here, this body.
I should like to lay these facts before
this body, as I am doing today on this
12th anniversary, in order to show MY
colleagues and the American people the
full toll of letting the Communists re-
main in Cuba.
It is my hope we will then be able to
explore the reactions from the State De-
partment and the other interested
agencies.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
'will the gentleman yield further?
Mr. PUCINSKI. Yes, I yield to the
gentleman from California.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Well, the
gentleman has certainly provided Mem-
bers of Congress with an excellent rec-
ord. My only regret is that there are
not more Members on the floor to hear
the gentleman. We have less than six
Members on the floor, in my judgment.
It is very regrettable, because I believe
every Member of Congress should have
heard this fine special order that the
gentleman has taken the time to prepare.
Could the gentleman tell ,me if it Is
possible to reveal the sources of the gen-
tleman's information?
Mr, PUCINSKI. Much of this infor-
mation is Obtained from, as I have said
before, newspaper reports, reports of re-
liable newspapers, published both in the
United States and in South American
countries. Much of this information is
available from publicly documented
sources that have come to our attention
In the Cuban Freedom Committee, and
much of this information is made avail-
able through the sources and the people
who write to us, not only from Cuba but
people who hear our broadcasts in other
parts of South America and who have to
rely in many instances upon these broad-
casts sponsored by the Cuban Freedom
Committee which, incidentally, is a
committee made up exclusively of Amer-
ican citizens, people, many of whom
have never been to Cuba, although the
executive director had been a teacher
In Cuba before the Communists took
over, as well as from informed letters
which we receive from other countries in
South America written by" peoplewho
hear our broadcasts.
As I stated earlier, our broadcasts may
Serve in many instances as the only
source of straight reliable world news,
because this is primarily all we broad-
cast. We broadcast news from the world
and the people of Cuba and the people of
other South American countries who
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17506
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CONGR IONAL RECORD ? HOUSE July 26, 1965
ear these broadcasts which emanate
rom Miami, from Florida, and from
ew Orleans, these people have learned
rely on our broadcasts, because we do
ot engage in propaganda, and we give
them the truth. We give them news
ver the wire services, the same news
hat Americans and the people of all the
free world are receiving. And these peo-
le have learned to respect us for our
integrity, and as a result they write in
and most of the information that we get
is from there very reliable sources.
I wonder, if I may, just touch on this
point because it may be of interest to
the gentleman from California? The
point I was going to make was this?
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. It is of inter-
est to me because I have met the worthy
organization which the gentleman is dis-
cussing and, furthermore, I have had
some personal con;acts with people in
these various countries of the world
through a missionary program with
which I worked for a number of years.
Mr. PUCINSKI. And, of course, the
missionaries very often are excellent in
their analyses.
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. It seems to
me that the people should know more
about what is goir g on in these areas
than the State Department.
Mr. PUCINSKI. I think the gentle-
man would be interested to know that
just a week ago radio Havana in a broad-
cast to Latin America--the gentleman
asked me how we get this information?
said:
We wish to inform you that starting July
26 we will increase the number of frequencies
through which we b?oadcast in Spanish to
Latin America, Hortt America, and Central
America. Besides the norMal frequencies
you will be able to hear us on 25, 16, and '7
megacycles."
On July 21, Ramiro Puertas, Director
of the Cuban Institute of Radio, an-
nounced over CMQ Havana, that this
year the Institute will install a 150,000-
watt station tn Ha Jana and another of
the same power in F. an German, Oriente;
two other 60,000-watt stations in Cam-
aguey and Oriente Provinces for radio
Rebelde network. On July 26, another
10,000-watt station will be inaugurated
in Guantanamo; still another 60,000-
watt station will be built in Cacocum,
Oriente, for radio Progreso network,
which will have an additional 5,000-watt
stat ton in Baracoa.
Also, they are installing French TV
equipment to imprcve reception between
Carnaguey, Guaimaro; and Victoria de
las Tunas. It is important to know that
this is French equipment?equipment
being supplied to Communist Cuba by
our supposed ally, F -ance.
To show Cuba's importance to the
Communists' dream of world domina-
tion, I will read you another news dis-
patch:
The French Press Agency reported from
Cairo on July 16 that the Cuban Ambassador
to Egypt, before leav ng for home, had an-
nounced that a conference of popular move-
ments of three continents will be held in
Havana on January 6, 1966. It had been de-
cided at the Pourth Afro-Asian Solidarity
Conference in Accra in May to extend the
movement to Latin America. Representa-
tives of popular Movements of six Latin
Ameri an countries will participate in the
prelinitnai y planning meetings which will
begin in Cairo on September 1. The coun-
tries are: Juba, Mexico, Venezuela, Uruguay,
Chile,: rine Guatemala. The planning corn-
znittees also will includes delegates of five
Africati cpuntries: Egypt, Algiers, Morocco,
Guinea, South Africa, and six Asian coun-
thes?sthe People's Republic: of China, the
U.S.S.1., India, Indonesia, Japan, and South
Vietnam.
i
There you have it, Mx. Speaker, in
the hold broad strokes of Communist
takeover under our very noses. Two
years ago the United States seemed to be
at least in some measure awake to the
Cuban danger. Today, I fear we are let-
ing the immediate and close-to-home
problem .;ake a secondary position in our
planning and our defense. Mr. Speaker,
I affirm to this House that in such a
course lies hemispheric disaster.
FRE4WE1EELING DISARMAMENT
BINGE ENDANGERS NATIONAL SE-
CUM.] 'If
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previus order of the House, the gentle-
man from California [Mr. Hosmsa] is
recognized for 40 minutes.
Mr HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, disarma-
ment fei vor runs high in Washington
todaY. The Arms Control and Disarma-
ment Agency's?ACDA?buclget has bal-
looned several hundred percent since its
inception in 1961. Friends of Disarma-
ment from intellectual' and academic
circles in large numbers have enlisted
voluntariliy in the cause. Prof. Jerome
Wiesner, the former White House sci-
ence lady .ser, recommends developing "a
cadrq of people whose full-time occupa-
tion" is to reorient public attitudes. He
want f them "to create a vested interest
in arms control"?whatever that may
meariitin ess forces in the United States who
recognize the danger of unrestrained dis-
arm
ent quickly organize and articu-
late hei , position, the administration's
cad, of dedicated disarmers soon will
take he Nation_past the point of no re-
turn Fn its flight from the proven strat-
egy o ar ning to avoid trouble to the yet
unprever, strategy of disarming to avoid
it.
DISARMEI S WORK QUIETLY AND EFFECTIVELY
The dimrmers carry on their work un-
obtruisively. As yet the public is not
conditior ed to disarmament. The ma-
jority, of Americans still believes world
peacq as well as national survival de-
pends on strength coupled with negotia-
tion rather than negotiation alone. The
average person is scared half out of his
wits rhea some enterprising writer digs
-
out rad publicizes facts on various
ACDsr onsored disarmament studies.
This watt the case when things came
to ligiat as the study on togetherness with
Russia and its study suggesting self-im-
posellinitations on intelligence gather-
ing e orts.
The work of Washington's disarmers
is being made easier by the seemingly cal-
culated elimination of top military
spokasmen capable of comunicating au-
thoritatively with the American public.
Such popular figures as Admiral Arleigh
"31 Knot" Burke and cigar-chomping
Gen. Curtis LeMay are on the retired
rolls. No successors have been permitted
to develop public prominence. Probably
not one person in a thousand can even
name our present Chief of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff.
A tribute to the steady progress of the
disarmers came recently in the form of a
lack of outcry when a U.S. Ambassador
to the U.N., the late Adled Stevenson,
promised a further softening of the
American position on test ban treaty
safeguards. When negotiations for a
comprehensive treaty broke off in 1963,
U.S. demands for annual inspections in
Soviet territory had been whittled from
20 to 7. Khrushchev still adamantly
maintained "three or four" would be
ample. Stevenson promised that the
Johnson administration now "is willing
to explore" further what constitutes "an
adequate inspection system."
Public apathy toward the possible con-
sequences of the promise has encouraged
and accelerated preparation of many
other advanced disarmament positions,
some of which President Johnson is ex-
pected to offer the Soviets when the 18-
nation Disarmament Conference recon-
venes in Geneva tomorrow.
These include:
MULTILATERAL NUCLEAR UMBRELLA
This proposal calls for pledges by
nuclear have-nu; nations to refrain from
seeking nuclear capabilities in exchange
for pledges from the U.N.'s nuclear
"haves" to aid them if they fall victim to
atomic aggression. Whether the occur-
rence of "aggression" is to be determined
by the U.N.'s frequently paralyzed Gen-
eral Assembly, its veto-ridden Security
Council, the nonnuclear victim or the
nuclear pledgegiver is uncertain.
TOTAL TEST BAN TREATY
This proposal to enlarge the present
limited test ban treaty to include a bar
against tests underground as well as in
other environments Would be based on
"splitting the difference" between United
States and U.S.S.R. inspection demands
and fixing the number at five annually.
Professor Wiesner and ACDA believe
"five inspections per year will provide
adequate security against clandestine
nuclear testing." However, hearings of
the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
cast considerable doubt on this optimistic
assessment. Additionally, they raised
monumental doubts whether even un-
limited opportunities for inspection
could penetrate the precautions of a
determined cheater. This is because the
Soviets insist on severe limitations on
factors affecting the quality as well as
the quantity of inspections. These in-
clude tight restrictions on size and com-
position of inspection teams, allowable
inspection techniques, permissible equip-
ment, mode and freedom of travel and
communications, length of the inspection
period and the like.
DESTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Several years ago the disarmament
concept of "we'll burn our bombers and
you burn yours" was seriously con-
sidered. Its cu::Tent adaptation is ex-
pected to take the form of a proposal that
the United States and 'U.S.S.R. junk
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1802 Approved For ReleacectglitaMBD.MAG-FILIKOK044
tion Subcommittee, in which the airlines
were severely criticized for neglecting- the
less_ profitable service to smaller cities.
Additional economy services on highly
traveled routes.
Free stopover privileges. With such privi-
leges, a man flying from New York to Los
Angeles might stop in Chicago for a few clays
at no extra cost. The Board, which abolished
these privileges in 1958 when the airlines
were having financial problems, said that
now that the airlines' finances had improved,
they should be revived as a method of stimu-
lating vacation travel in the United States
and from abroad.
NO REACTION YET
There has been no official reaction from
the airline yet, but one industry source pri-
vately predicted "a very strong" one.
, Addressing itself to air fares, the Board vir-
tually told the airlines to forget about any
Increases and concentrate on reductions.
After first noting that the rate of return
Of the 11 domestic trunk carriers had risen
to 10.6 percent in the 12 months ended
March 31, 1965, the Board said:
"In this setting, the Board believes it is
difficutt ,to find justification for fare in-
? creases. }tall er, the CAB feels, the pres-
ent favorable earnings position of the airlines
?offers an excellent opportunity for carriers
therriselves to consider reductions in faxes or
improvements in service without fare
increases."
The Board rejected two fare increase pro-
posals by American Airlines and United Air
Lines, and ordered investigations of the
proposals.
Its remarks, which developed into a major
policy statement, were attached to an order
issued yestera,dy allowing certain airlines to
put liberalized baggage allowances into effect
$unday.
FOREIGN FLIGIITS UNAFFECTED
The Board's orders apply only to domestic
airlines and have no effect on fares or services
on overseas flights, which are negotiated
among the world's airlines and then ap-
proved by the various governments. Its re-
marks were aimed primarily at the Nation's
11 trunk carriers and do not apply to local-
service airlines.
The new policy apparently grew out of the
trunk carriers' relatively recent prosperity.
, "Current earnings of the domestic trunk
line carriers," the Board said, "are well above
the 10.5 percent rate a return considered
to be fair and reasonable in the Board's de-
cision of Novenkber ,25, 1960, in the general
passenger fare Iuvestigation.
"The 10.5 percent rate of return lias been
reached in the 12 Months ended March 31,
1965, and reports of current earnings show
the trend continues strongly upward."
In the year ended December 31, the airlines
averaged an even 10 percent return, accord-
ing to a CAB spokesman. The percentage
breakdown was as follows:
American, 9.7; Eastern 2.7; TWA, 11.0;
United, 7.4; Braniff, 11.7; Continental, 12.3;
Delta, 17.4; National, 15.6; Northeast, negli-
ble or negative; Northwest Orient, 15.9; and
Western, 184.
Trans World reported yesterday that its
revenues and earnings had set a second-
quarter record. It said its net earnings for
the 3 months ended June rose 30.4 percent
to $15,875,000 from $12,172,000 earned in the
second, quarter a year ago.
FOUR YEARS WERE LEAN
The airlines, however, were not always so
profitable. From 1960 to 1964 the four larg-
est trunks averaged a 3.9-percent return
ivhile the others managed 7 percent.
And in the 10-year period after 1955 the
four giants?American, Eastern, TWA, and
United?averaged 5.3 percent. The seven
Others averaged 6.5 percent in the same
period.
A9.19080005-4 July 29, 1965
The new prosperity is generally attributed
to two major factors?the general business
boom, now in its fifth year, and the advent
of civilian jet passenger transports.
Jets are faster, more comfortable, more
reliable, and generally superior to the old
piston-engined aircraft in use before 1958.
They are cheaper to run and maintain and
can be more effectively utilized.
All these factors have led to higher profits.
More and more passengers have been climb-
ing into the big jets. And in the airline
business, every passenger after the break-
even point is 80-percent profit.
However, a number of Government officials
and agencies have been watching those
profits.
Earlier this year there was talk of a jet
fuel tax. One Senator suggested the air-
lines take over the subsidies to the strug-
gling helicopter lines, which, indeed, the air-
lines have, to a certain extent.
POST OFFICE ASKS REDUCTION
And the Post Office Department, for whom
the airlines have been carrying mail, has
asked for a reduction in its payments to the
airlines. Under the present rates, estab-
lished on June 7, 1955, the Post Office pays
the major trunks $58.8 million a year.
The Post Office made its proposal on
December 2; 1964, and United Air Lines
quickly proposed that the industry offer an
8-percent reduction. This now appears
likely to be accepted, according to Selig Alt-
schul, a consultant to the industry.
If the new rate is accepted, the Post Office
will pay about $54 million, or $5 million less.
The reduction would affect the trunks plus
the local-service airlines and cargo lines, but
it represents a loss of only $132,000 for each
local-service line and $27,000 for each cargo
carrier.
A spokesman for the Air Transport Asso-
ciation said the industry had only recently
become very profitable and needed "adequate
earnings" for a "protracted period." Pro-
tracted period means about 5 years to most
airline men.
The spokesman also said the industry had
$2.4 billion worth of new airplanes on order,
which will have to be paid for, in addition
to the supersonic transports expected in the
mid-1970's.
W/-1-
COMM
ACE IN CUBA 4
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
current conflict in Vietnam is so serious
that all Americans must be on their
guard lest they forget the Communist
menace in our own backyard?namely,
the Communist bastion on the island of
Cuba. In the current issue of Reader's
Digest, there is a very pertinent reminder
of the dangers we face, and indeed all
the American nations face, from Com-
munist Cuba. This reminder takes the
form of an article by Kenneth 0. Gil-
more entitled, "Cuba's Brazen Blueprint
for Subversion."
I ask unanimous consent that this
article be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CUBA'S BRAZEN BLUEPRINT FOR SUBVERSION
(By Kenneth 0, Gilmore)
Here is the inside story of Castro's most
audacious attempt to establish communism
on the mainland of Latin America.
On the northern coast of Venezuela's
Paraguana Peninsula, there is a lonely
stretch of beach in a small inlet known as
Macarna. Half a mile from this beach, in a
two-room stucco hut, lives 24-year-old Lino
Gerardo Amaya, a wiry, quiet campesino. On
the morning of November 1, 1963, Lino and
his 18-year-old brother, Pedro, set out along
the beach in search of a lost goat. They came
upon two men in bathing suits, standing on
the shore looking out to sea. Beside them
Was a shiny 16-foot aluminum boat with a
handsome outboard motor. The taller of the
two calmly waved his hand. "Hello, Prank,
how are you? Don't you work for the Creole
company?"
"I'm not Frank," replied Lino, "and I never
worked for Creole."
Lino didn't find his goat that day. But
shortly before 5 p.m. he and his brother head-
ed back to the beach, fishing poles in hand.
All that day a thundercloud of suspicion had
been building up in his mind. What were
those two strangers up to?
At the beach the brothers found the boat
and outboard motor. And more. The coarse
dark sand was scuffed with footprints?lots
of footprints now etched by the lengthening
shadows. And something else. A rope mark,
its coils clearly imprinted in the sand, led
from the water toward a tree.
Lino followed the mark, Pedro behind him.
At its end they spotted the corner of a piece
of canvas. They pulled it up. Underneath
lay a large dark bag. They dragged it out
and loosened a thick drawstring. Four auto-
matic rifles. And layers of bulging cartridge
belts.
On hands and knees they pawed away more
sand and found more sacks of rifles, more
cartridge belts. And now that they looked
harder, it was apparent that a large section
of sand was loose and soft ahead of them.
Lino sprang up. "We've got to tell the
police," he said.
BURIED TREASURE
Shortly before 10 p.m. Lino arrived
at the Jadacaquiva police station. He told
his story to the prefect, Antonio Lug-5, Whd
immediately relayed the news to Police Corn-
mandant Eusebio Olivares Navarrate, at
Punto Fijo, the largest town on the penin-
sula. Olivares roared off for the lonely beach
with five jeeploads of policemen.
Soon the police were digging into the sand
like pirates seeking lost treasure, grunting,
heaving, hauling. In 15 minutes, Olivares
had seen enough. He switched on the radio
in his patrol car, gave the stunning news to
the State Governor, Pablo Saher.
It took 4 hours to hoist the entire deposit
from its temporary grave. The hole in the
g rund was 8 feet deep, 6, feet wide and
90 feet long. The cache?automatic rifles,
machineguns, antitank guns, Mortars, ba-
zookas, demolition charges and thousands
of rounds of ammunition?weighed 3 tons.
In Caracas, the Venezuelan capital, Presi-
dent ROmulo Betancourt was awakened at
home and briefed by phone. He ordered a
naval patrol of the peninsula and sent a
special alert to every security and military
agency in the, country. For 2-years Fidel Cas-
tro had boasted that he would export his
Cuban revolution to the mainland of South
America. Oil-rich Venezuela was his prime
target. "With victory in Venezuela," cried
Cuba's old-line Communist boss Blas Roca,
"we shall no longer be a solitary island in
the Caribbean confronting the Yankee im-
perialists." Castro-trained guerrillas or
Venezuela's Communist Armed Forces of Na-
tional Liberation (FALN) had terrorized the
countryside in an attempt to paralyze the
nation. They had dynamited oil pipelines
and bridges, burned stores and warehouses,
robbed banks, raided police stations, kid-
naped and murdered offilals and blasted
the streets with sniper and machinegun
fire. More than 50 policemen had been cut
down in the streets of Caracas alone, and
twice as many civilians.
But never before had the FALN been
equipped with mortars and bazookas. Obvi-
ously something special was afoot.
A NEW LEAD
At the heavily protected Caracas headquar-
ters of Venezuela's state security police
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71erald,
rernis as
A s
:quent t aveler between the three cities serv-
iced by Eastern's shuttle, I :aighly endorse
,your ac/ion.
Since I left the staff of WBZ in 1961, I
have a$ raged a trip a week between Boston-
New Yo k-Washington on behalf of my busi-
ness. 4fter becoming a commuter. I soon
switche1 to regular usage Of Northeast.
? Easte n is using some of the oldest equip-
ment cirreiitly in service on U.S. carriers.
:The at itude of the emplomes, and, the
treaem t eel customers leaves Much to be
desired. Among regular travelers, Eastern is
conside ed to be one of the 1:ountrVs worst
airlines. This fact was Snell ded as part of
a recent Time article. While other aspects
' of East rn's aystem has improved, nothing
has beeza done about the shuttle. There is
a runlet that jetprop craft will be used on
the Bo ton-New York run, similar to what
has jut been introduced on the Boston-
: Washin on. run. Perhaps eve shall see the
? fifth fate increase.
/t is shame-that with all of Northeast's
= proble s the public is not aware that their
BostontNew York service ha 3 more Modern
equipm nt, better service, and $2 cheaper.
For a while I lived in LW, Angeles. The
service between San Francisco and Los
Angeles is excellent. The equipment is
superb, and, the trip takes less time, even
though,it is a greater distance. Moreover,
the far s are about the same.
hope your efforts are well rewarded. I
comnie4id you for taking up this task on be-
half of the frequent air passenger. If there
is any tray I can be of service to you in re-
gard tc the investigation, I ehall be pleased
to assi t.
Thank? you for your interese in this matter.
incerely,
THOMAS F Certereat,
Vice President.
of your proposed investigation con.-
the Eastern Air Line shuttle service.
? citizen of Massachusetts, and, fre-
Peasexc, N.J.
July 19,1965.
MY tzsg SENATOR: I am glad to hear some-
one is on the ball about Eastern Air Lines
shuttle to Boston.
useld to go to Boston about two times a
month to visit my son who li Tes in Rockland,
the fare used. to be $10 one-way about a year
ago. Then It went to $11, $12, $13; then $14.
I don't know what it Is now because I can't
afford t any more.
Tha k you, thank you.
OUSE,
PAHL FORKIIS.
NEW YORK,
July 19, 1965.
Senato EDWARD M. KENNEDY,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I have read with interest of
your planned inquiry into eastern Airlines
shuttle operations and hope that you will
follow through on this.
I an4 at a loss to understand why it costs
$16 tol fly between Boston and New York
when ne can fly between Los Angeles and
San Ftfancisco, nearly twice the distance, on
new jetplanes for $13.50. Probably you have
noted +'Western's jets fly over profit 'Ceiling'"
in Bu4inesa Week, March 6, 1965, page 54.
Youifs for better rates for the east coast,
ery truly yours,
A. H. Clow.
THE G OWE WASEINGTON UNIIERSITY,
SCHOOL or MEDICINE,
Washington, D.C., July 20, 1965.
= Sena r EDWARD M. KENNEDY,
U.S, S nate,
Washi gton, D.C.
DE4 SENATOR KENNEDY: Congratulations
on yo r speech of July 19 as reported in to-
day's Washington Post concerning Eastern
Airlin4s shuttle service.
I recently 4ove 1 back to the East Coast
after 2. years In Ios Angeles and it always
amazed me why slruttle service between Los
Angeles and Sean. Ieancisco (450 miles) costs
about $12 while the same service between
New York and Washington (225 miles) costs
$18. In addition the west coast service was
on Lockheed Elea ea and Boeing 707 while
the east coast] ser vice was on old Lockheed
Constellation*
I support yuLa urging a CAB investiga-
tion of the uonopolistic and price-fixing
practices of lastarn Airlines since simple
arithmetic s gests that the cost between
New York an Washington should he about
$6 even if you do: set take into consideration
the old equiPment being used by Eastern
Airlines.
Sincerely yours,
PHILIP Keynes.
WASHINGTON, D.C.
DEAR SENATpR Bernier:re: I read with great
interest in this m erning's Post of yoer ques-
tions about the p 'actices of Eastern Airlines
on the Washington-New York (and other
Eastern) rune. I have lived in Washington
the past 10 ydars, use the air services to New
York (and ocqa,sicnally to Boston) fairly fre-
quently, and 'anatee your view that there is
no question hut that Eastern has systemati-
cally squeezed ou its competitors, and hav-
ing done so his inflated its fares on the spar-
tan shuttle-service. I am also familiar with
the San Fran ism -Los Angeles fare structure
where for a srnaller fare the rider gets almost
twice as Iongtft ride and far better service on
a variety of Oarri are. Good luck with your
inquiry.
Grateful*,
Rev. E. R. Commie
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Hon. EDWARD M. KENNEDY,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.:
Please accept n y heartiest congratulations
for your efforts in calling for CAB and con-
gressional investigation of Eastern Airlines
monopoly of ehu tie service. It's high time
all of Eastere Ali lines operations get a good
look-at.
EVELYN FREEMAN.
BROOKLYN, N.Y.,
July 21, 1965.
DEAR SENATOR KENNEDY: Congratulations
on your suggestion that an investigation is
needed in ccinne ation with the air service
between Bohton and Washington. I've
stopped flying this route. It's just= too ex-
pensive. I drive nstead.
But don't stop with Boston-New York
service. The Ne e York-Washington routes
likewise have become too expensl.ve. We
don't need frills cr jets on these short routes.
Low fares and frequency of service will bring
In. the custOmers. You rightly c:ompared
these serviceP w th the very excellent Los
Angeles-San Francisco service which is also
a real travel laarg sin. Perhaps those western
airlines should be invited to come east and
set up shop here,
Frankly, I think our airlanes in the Bos-
ton-New York-Washington area are danger-
ously overcrowd( d. More attentio:a should
be given toviard improving the rad service
on these short-haul runs so that there will
be enough air space for the longer domestic
air routes.
Why, fortemple, do we have to wait for
more rail s clies and surveys? With the
existing rail eqt ipment and road beds we
could speed 'up ? the service from New York
to either Boston or Washington by simply
eliminating all tee stops between New York
and Boston and Washington. The planes
fly nonstop. WLy can't we have one non-
stop train letving New York in the morning
and one in the evening bound for Boston
and Washington. The Merchants Limited
presently mikes five stops between Grand
Central and South Statin. Allowing 10
minutes loss for each stop, I would guess that
the schedule could be speeded up by 50 min-
utes if these five stops were eliminated. The
train speed would not haee to be increased.
It could be advertised as "Downtown to
Downtown" express service
I realize that solutions o our transporta-
tion problems are not an. easy, thing and
that there are many problems involved about
which the average person such as myself are
not aware. However, I am heartened that
you are at least trying to get something done
about the poor transportation in this area.
Sincerely,
LEO M. SCHARIO, Jr.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
July 26, 1965]
Ase FARE MYSTERY
Senator EDWARD KENNEDY'S demand for an
investigation of the Washington-New York-
Boston air shuttle service has let in some
much-needed light on a mystifying subject.
When Eastern Air Lines began this highly
popular service in 1961, the rate was $14 for
a trip between here and New York. A seat
was guaranteed to each passenger, with no
reservation needed, even if a second plane
had to be ordered. Such a cheap com-
muter run carried an understandable appeal.
The effect was to lure business away frons
competitors and give Easeern an 80 percent
monopoly, according to Senator KENNEDY.
But since then Eastera has successively
raised the fare to the point where, at $18, it
exceeds the price for some conventional
flights. An airline spokesman cites costs
of standby planes and crews among the rea-
sons for this.
Without condemning Eastern out of hand,
it remains a curious fact that airlines are
now flying, passengers between Los Angeles
and San Francisco?a 340-mile trip?for
$13.50 plus tax, using jets. Is the shorter
Washington-New York piston-plane run so
much more costly to operate?
Two rival airlines, United and TWA, have
applications now pending before the Civil
Aeronautics Board to hegin unrestricted
Washington-New York-Boston flights. A
United spokesman adds that jets would be
used, and that a fare not exceeding the Los
Angeles-San Francisco rate is contemplated
for Washington to New 'Fork.
The decision on jets must await results of
a study by the Federal Aviation Agency of
National Airport, due by December. But it
seems obvious that a little more competition
on this lucrative, heavily traveled route
would benefit the public.
[From the New York Times, July 29, 19651
AIRLINES TOLD To PUT PROSPERITY INTO
LOWER FARES?CAB ALSO TELLS CARRIERS
To ADD COACH SEATS AND ALLOW FREE STOP-
OVERS
(By Frederic C. Appel)
The Civil Aeronautics Board told the Na-
tion's airlines yesterday that they were mak-
ing too much money and, should start pass-
ing some of It on to the consumer in the
form of lower fares and better service.
The Board said It thought the following
improvements could be made:
Lower fares on short trips. The Board
noted that the new short-range jets now
coming into use had lower operating costs
that could make possib:e lower fares over
routes such as that between New York and
Washington.
More coach seats. The Board suggested a
higher ratio of coach seats to first-class seats
to reflect the public's desire. Last year 76
percent of domestic air passengers flew coach,
according to the Air Transportation Associa-
tion. The Board also ca:.led for more coach
service into more communities.
More service to smaller cities, This sug-
gestion was apparently a reaction to a hear-
ing, ended 2 weeks ago, by the Senate Avia-
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July 29, 1965 CQNORESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
(Digepol), Chief of investigation Orlando
Garcia Vazquez studied a surveillance report
that had just come to his desk. It was late
Monday afternoon November 3, exactly 48
hours after Lino had looked under the can-
vas. The report disclosed that at 10: 30
a.m, that day a young woman known to have
Communist connectians was seen near the
home of Eduardo Machado, a Venezuelan
Communist Party boss. She was followed
to a cafe op Negrin Street, where she sat
chatting with three men. Fifty minutes
later all four drove to a complex of four
housing units known as "UrbanizaciOn
Simon Rodriguez."
The woman strolled to building No. 1 and
took the outside elevator to a fourth-floor
apartment, No. 49. Her campanions loitered
In the area, making sure she was not being
followed. Two hours later she came back to
the car and sped to the old section of the
city, where she was observed talking with
several leaders of Central University's Com-
munist-Controlled student federation, some
of whom had recently returned from Cuba.
Inspector Garcia was sure apartment No.
49 was "hot." Too many precautions had
been. taken, "I :think we had better hit this
place as soon as possible," he told his boss.
Shortly after midnight five Digepol agents
? in two groups sauntered toward building
No. 1, chatting and laughing as if returning
from a party. Garcia and two agents took
the elevator to the fourth floor, while the
others climbed the stairs, the only other exit.
, Garcia knocked gently at apartment 49.
There was a shuffling of slippers. The door
opened a crack, revealing a middle-aged
woman in a nightgown.
"We've come with a search warrant," said
Garcia shouldering his way in. "Is anyone
else here?" ,
"No," she replied.
In a bedroom they found a young man in
bed. "Stay very still," warned Garcia. "Who
are you?'
"German LOpez Mendez," the man replied,
and handed over his identification card. No.
618945--GermAn Lapez Mendez?born No-
vember 27, 1941-5 feet, 6 inches?hair,
brown?eyes, brown. On the left-hand
corner was pasted a small mug shot: a slim
face, placid eyes, thin mustache, wavy hair.
It matched the man.
"What's your occupation?" Garcia asked.
"I'm a teacher. Just visiting here for a
Conple of days."
"Okay, don't move while we search," Garcia
said,
' =LE ow Vaaoa
The men began to hunt, opening closets,
pulling out drawers, looking under beds and
in toilet tanks. Under one corner of the
suspect's bed two objects were extracted:
the first, a small light-blue airline traveling
bag full of drawing equipment and mate-
rials?ink pens, tracing paper, rulers, com-
passes, crayons.
"What are you doing with these?" Garcia
asked LOpez.
"I've never seen them before," Lopez an-
swered, as if bored.
At first, Garcia thought the second item
was a Bible. Book-size, it was enclosed in a
dark, brown leather case with a zipper on
three sides, the kind of covering often used
for a Bible. Inside was a looseleaf notebook.
Garcia flipped through some '70 pages. He
found that he was holding an instructor's
manual on the handling of arms and explo-
sives?an PAIR "bible."
Garcia glanced at the man on the bed.
"This belong to you?"
"No."
About 6 am, Garcia returned to headquar-
ters With hia two suspects. "Keep search-
ing," Pe told tWo, agents left behind. "Mat-
tresses, pillows, everything. When you're fin-
ished, start all over again. There's bound
to be more than we've founsi."
No. 138-20
Digepol's files indicated that the woman,
who claimed to be a nurse, was a contact for a
fugitive FALN leader. The man who called
himself Lopez was fingerprinted, and a search
through the flies disclosed his real identity:
Luis Eduardo Sanchez Madero, age 24. On
the margins of the FALN sabotage manual
were notes jotted down in his handwriting,
among them a precise schedule of his last
day of instruction on October 21: 6 a.m.?
rise; 8 to 12?courses in artillery and mortar;
2 to 6 p.m.?training in recoilless rifle, ba-
zooka and maohinegun and cryptography;
8 to 10?study; 11?bedtime.
PUZZLE BECOMES PICTURE
Meanwhile, at apartment 49, an agent had
found, taped to the bottom of a desk drawer,
a 2-inch-thick stack of papers. Included
in the material were lengthy descriptions
of arms and explosives plus an intricate
checklist for pulling off a successful sabotage
or kidnaping operation: escape routes, floor
plans, guards, alarm systems, cover stories,
hiding places. There was also a large map
of Caracas showing every street and major
building in the city, and four pieces of
transparent paper?overlays for the map?
dotted by rectangles, circles, arrows, asterisks,
crosses, parallel bars and triangles.
What did it all mean? Garcia and his
men studied these and other items, zeroing
in on several papers crisscrossed with neat-
ly ruled lines. At the top of each perpen-
dicular column were large letters: "F," the
symbol for fusil, Spanish for rifle; "PERS"
for persons; "M" for mortar; "Car" for
cafione sin retroceso?recoilless rifle; and
"B" for bazooka. The same type of arms
found at Macama.
More notes were studied, such as a list of
apartment buildings, offices and streets with
specific designations of weapons. These
numbers were compared. The map was
pulled out, and the overlays with their sym-
bols were arranged and rearranged. At last
the puzzle became a picture. The rectangu-
lar figure meant "artillery," the triangle
"fixed group," the open circle "troop posi-
tions," the slanted parallel lines "barricade,"
the cross "emergency station," the five-sided
figure surrounded by arrows "object of at-
tack." Sanchez Madero had drawn up a
detailed plan for attack upon Caracas using
the weapons delivered at Macama.
The Urdaneta barracks was the prime ob-
jective. A walled fort perched on the city's
highest ground, it held a concentration of
troops. Here also were tanks, near a jail
holding top FALN terrorists. The scheme:
isolate the troops and free the prisoners
to join in the attack. This 1 phase of the
operation called for 3 artillery units, 6 fixed
groups of 3 to 4 men, 3 mobile groups plus
positioning of 12 FALN troop units in care-
fully chosen locations. Assigned to do the
job were 374 men, 195 rifles, 8 mortrars, 12
bazookas, 4 recoilless rifles, 75 machineguns.
Apartment houses near the barracks were
selected, from which snipers and machine
gunners could pick off soldiers trying to reach
jeeps and armored cars. Mortars would
knock out key exits, sabotage units would
cut telephone lines, seize power stations and
blow up vital streets; bazookas and recoilless
rifles would be waiting for tanks?if they
made it through the carnage.
FANTASTIC?
At Miraflores Palace the attack plan was
laid before President Betancourt. "To those
of us who have witnessed "FALN's murder
and arson for 3 years, it doesn't seem so
shocking," he confided to a colleague. "But
this is going to look fantastic to the outside
world,"
Indeed, the question was: Would the "out-
side world" believe it? Could they prove
conclusively where the plan had originated,
where the arms had come from?
The first point hinged on Sanchez Madero.
18143
An exhaustive check of all airline listings was
undertaken. It was a long shot but it paid
off. Sanchez Madero had fled from Venezuela
to Jamaica on March 5, 1962, listed as "Luis
E. Sanchez M.," after an armored-car robbery
in which his fingerprints were found. In
Jamaica he had boarded a KLM special flight,
No. 977 from Kingston to Havana, Cuba. He
had cockily given the airline his destination
address: House of Americas (headquarters
in Havana for the infamous Institute of
People's Friendship, the processing agency for
Cuba's Latin American terrorist trainees).
Tracing of the arms was turned over to the
Venezuelan Army. An elaborate effort had
been made to disguise the weapons. All
serial numbers had been ground off. Near
the trigger of each rifle, a hole had been cut,
obviously to remove the insignia. But whose
insignia?
Several of the weapons were rushed to
Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre at
Herstal-lez-Liege, Belgium, whose trade-
mark had been left on. Fabrique Nationale,
the largest private arms manufacturer in the
Weatern World, had flied on order by the
Cuban Army for 22,500 automatic rifles on
March 23, 1959. Now company experts
examined the rifles dug up at Macama and
reported that "the coat of arms of Cuba was
stamped in the place where a cut has been
made." Moreover, the Cuban weapons had
their serial numbers uniquely located on the
left side of the trigger guard, as these had
been before they were ground off. Rifles with
these characteristics had never been delivered
to any country but Cuba.
As for the 31 "UZI" 9-mm. machineguns,
the Belgian company also confirmed that they
had been bought by Cuba. But the Vene-
zuelans went a step further. Where a qeal
had obviously been ground away, an etching
solution was applied. Slowly the chemical
made decipherable the outlines of a legend.
Under a magnifying glass an ornate crest
could be distinguished?the crest of the
Cuban Army.
The case was airtight. At was time to bring
charges.
IRREFUTABLE PROOF
The wood-paneled main council room of
the Pan American Union Building, 4 blocks
from the White House in Washington, D.C.,
was packed on December 3, 1963. Venezuela
had called the Organization of American
States into emergency session to charge Cuba
with aggression. Ambassador Enrique Te-
jera-Paris of Venezuela was speaking: "The
people of Venezuela have been the constant
victims of the insults and attacks of Cuba's
Castro regime, Now in the face of the new
act of aggression by Cuba, for which there is
definite and irrefutable proof, Venezuela is
forced to take this action."
An investigating commission was immedi-
ately set up, composed of representatives of
Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Uruguay
and the United States. On December 8, the
commission flew to Caracas, along with a
team of military advisers. There they heard
detailed accounts from a score of witnesses
ranging from Minister of National Defense
Gen. Antonio Bricerio to Juan DeDios Marin,
a young Venezuelan who had been in Cuba
for several months receiving military training
in the handling of arms and guerrilla
tactical
Venezuelan Army officials picked out weap-
ons at random, and before the eyes of the in-
vestigators demonstrated how the Cuban in-
signia could be raised chemically. Ward P.
Allen, chief U.S. representative, was espcially
curious about the aluminum skiff and out-
board motor that had been left behind on
the beach that first morning by the two
strangers. Odd, he thought?a Johnson
See "Inside a Castro `Terror School,'" the
Reader's Digest, December 1964,
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44 CONGRESSONAL RECORD - SENATE
meth the manufasturer's marking:
utboard Marine Corporation of Canada,
serial number C367809. The Canadian
a.ssatior in Caracas was asked to have the
r investigated. A :'eport came back
ugh Canadian Government channels:
Johnson outboard motors, including
809, had been purchased by an exporting
party in Montreal anc. flown to Cuba on
Oct ber 1, 1963 consigned to the National
Ins auto of Agrarian Reform, Poultry
Div sion. -
A DAMNING iMRDICT
n February 24, 1964, the OAS Commis-
presented its verdict: "The shipment
male up of arms originating in Cuba
t were surreptitiously landed at a solitary
t on the coast for the purpose of being
d in subversive operations to overthrow
constitutional Gayer ernent of Venezuela.
e objective of the Caracas plan was to
tore the city of Caracas, to prevent the
ding of elections on December 1, 1963, and
seize control of the country."
is plan, plus Cuba's propaganda
thods, provision df funds, training in sabo-
e and guerrilla operations, concluded the
estigators, added up to "a policy of aggres-
n." A 112-page repor r, was submitted with
mountain of facts and proof, much of
ich Is the basis for the preceding account.
Colombia's OAS representative found it
to contain his fury. "This is not an
cident of unwary sailors," he declared. "It
a seesious international incident which is
of a carefully thought-out plan of
uba for carrying the Communist revolu-
on to the hemisphere."
La Tribune, a major newspaper in Lima,
era, comtnented: "WI at is important is the
ext step: that is, what kind of action will
e taken against a Government convicted of
tined intervention?"
Incredibly, the answer to that question
as in grave doubt. Several Latin corm-
ries balked at imposing firm measures
gains% Cuba, clinging to the ancient con-
ept of nonintervention which had originated
ears before Soviet ccnununism moved into
he hemisphere. Principal backsliders were
exico, Uruguay, Bolivia, Chile, and Brazil,
all of whom at the tune maintained diplo-
matic relations with Cuba.
BANCTIONS--OR NOT?
Venezuela would not be put off, and pressed
for s foreign ministers' conference of the
20 American Republics to punish Castro. It
called for mandatory steps such as cutting
off all trade, air travel and diplomatic rela-
tions with Cuba. "If the OAS does not apply
sanctions to Castro's Cuba, it means the
bankruptcy of dem ecracy and the inter-
American system," warned Venezuela's For-
eign Minister Marcos Falcen Briceno.
Then in April 1964 a revolution in Brazil
lid by 'Oen. Humberto Castel() Bra,nco, a firm
alitt-Castrolte, ousted left-leaning President
3040 Goularta Soon after, Brazil expelled
Cuba's diplomatic delegation. Now those
seeking stern: measures against Castro felt
that the continent's largest nation could be
Minted on When the chips were down.
weeks, then Months, dragged by
While diplomats dickered over sanctions that
would assure the necessary two-thirds vote.
Finally, on July 21, more than 8 months after
Lino stumbled on the arms at Macama, the
hemisphere's foreign ministers gathered in
Washington for the crucial voting.
: The hemisphere states shonld not man-
tai diplom tic or Consular relations with
(suba; 14 yes, 4 no l abstain. They should
isteepend their trade, either direct or indirect,
With Cuba, excels; for humanitarian rea-
Sets: same 'vote. They should suspend all
sea -tranSportation again with the human-
itarian exception: 14 yea, 3 no, 2 abstain.
,
Any ' new attempts to subvert an American
? , ?
11 See "The County That' Saved Itself," the
Reader's Digest, Novetriber 1964.
sio
eve
th
sp.
us
th
Republic casuld bring quick armed retaliation
without consul ie.-don: 15 yes, 4 no.
By the : tin .e the final resolution had
passed, it 'was 12:15 a.m., July 26, the day
Castro antralle celebrates the birth of his
revolutionary July 26 Movement. At long
last -the Atnerizan Republics had branded an
outlaw in thd.r midst. Within 6 months
Chile, 13oltv1a, and Uruguay broke relations
with Cube. More significant was that key
resolution: giv ng the green light to OAS na-
tions, alohe or collectively, to strike back
without dela:: should Castro ba caught in
further sebve 'don.
Tee THEENT REMAINS
Whether this provision will be used for
direct retaliation against the Cuban sanc-
tuary is , quite another matter. Just last
November representatives of Latin American
Communtst 2arties slipped into Havana to
map out a beta new strategy with the Soviets
to accelerate Red-revolutions. A secret dec-
laration treleased In Moscow 2 months later)
was signed prcanising "active aid" to "free-
dom fighters' in Colombia, Guatemala, Hon-
duras, Mraguay, Panama, Haiti, and Vene-
zuela.
Operatione center for this guerrilla warfare
Is Cuba's subversion and espionage agency,
the DGe (whose biggest unit promotes Latin
revolutions), advised by at least five Soviet
Intelligence specialists. Squads of Latin
Americans ere trained by the DGI's Depart-
ment of Special Schools. This department
and other Cuban organizations have turned
out at least 5,000 graduates. "This training
today represent the most serious threat to
democracy in Latin America," says Assist-
ant Seeretery of State for inter-American
Affairs Jac. H. Vaughn. "We know of cases
where 'the individuals of a given country
trained; in Cuba return by the hundreds.
Theszhteople form a cadre of guerrilla units,
and , larger the number, the greater the
threat ultmately that they will make a
move.'?'
' AS APPALLING SCOREBOARD
The seoleboard of riots, bombings, asses-
sinatiqns, violence and espionage emanating
from pubs is appalling. In Guatemala a
band Of terrorists with a hard-core strength
of abhut 300 men roams the mountains with
headqparters in the Lake Izabal region. Five
Of them eecently burned the U.S.-aid-pro-
gram !garege in Guatemala City, gutting 23
vehicles. Last February during a festive pa-
rade in ti e capital, ten Guatemalan soldiers
were ;killed by a grenade lobbed into the
back ef their truck. Chief of these guerrillas
is stocky, tough :Marco Antonio Yon Sousa
who 4as secretly received $200,000 from the
DGI.
A eontngent of Panamanian communists
recently went bank to Cuba for a second
round ce guerrilla instruotion, while even
mord are preparing to journey to Havana.
Next door in Colombia, banditry and kid-
nappings, once confined to remote rural re-
gion*, are closing in on the cities. Former
Cabinet Minister Harold eider was grabbed
by 4idm,ppers and a $250,000 price put on
his ittead even though he had been murdered
before tie =son' demand. A newly orga-
nized Iluban-backed Army of National
Liberation (ELN) directs much of this vio-
lende. in Moscow, Pravda propagandizes that
events in Colombia are "very little different
Iron t thi dirty war being fought in Vietnam."
Finally, look at the grim tragedy in the
Do inloan. Republic. In classic style a band
of killed communists swifty exploited an
exptoeit e chaotic revolution. At least 77
knOwn communists were 'pinpointed and, as
Pride at Johnson has disclosed, "two of the
priMe : eaders In the rebel forces were men
with. a ,ong history of communist association
and insurrections." He noted that many
of She 'conspirators" were "trained in Cuba"
anti., "seeing a chance to increase disorder,
to lgair, a Mothold, joined the revolution."
',proved For Relee
July 29, 1965
WHERE NEXT
Where will the graduates of the Soviet-
Cuban Communist combine strike next?
Where within our hemisphere will U.S.
soldiers have to be sent next to avert a Com-
munist coup while Havana and Moscow have
a propaganda field day? And will we and our
friends be able to discover and act against
the next blueprint for subversion before it
is too late?
No one can say?so long as an operations
center for "wars of liberation" functions
with impunity in Cuba. Time and time
again our officials haee said this subversion
"must stop," yet it continues. Our words
and warnings are scorned, and we go on
merely reacting to one Cuban-fomented
foray after another.
One long-overdue solution is for the OAS
to modernize its rules and machinery so that
it can act swiftly against Communist "inter-
ventions." Otherwise' Latin countries must
accept United States fast action when lives
and liberties of nations are In the balance, as
In the Dominican Republic.
Another solution lies in tightening the
economic noose around Cuba. Considering
the mess communism has made of the Cuban
economy, experts say it would collapse within
weeks if most outsits assistance was cut off.
Why, for example, should we permit a pro-
cession of Soviet oil tankers to steam into
the Caribbean to fuel Cuba's industries and
utilities so that this springboard for sub-
version can survive? And why should we
allow non-Communist nations to furnish
vital items-867 shiploads since 1963?
When Secretary of State Dean Rusk called
for sanctions against Cuba last summer, he
pointed out that "subversion supported by
terror, sabotage, and guerrilla action is as
dangerous a form of aggression as an armed
attack." And he added these signiiicant
words: "Today it is Venezuela which is under
attack. Is there any one of us who can say
with assurance, '1; cannot be my country
tomorrow'?"
THE ORDEAL OF OTTO O'iEPICA
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, in
the current issue of Readers' Digest,
there appears an article entitled "The
Ordeal of Otto Otepka." This article
relates in summary form the outrageous
case of the treatment of a dedicated se-
curity officer in the State Department
whose honesty, loyalty, and perseverance
in his job were rewarded with abuse in
the form of police-state tactics and ul-
timately, in an order of discharge. The
appeal from the order of discharge is still
pending. The :Injustices recited by this
article, which are substantiated in great
detail by the series of hearings currently
being released by the Senate Internal
Security Subcommittee, constitute a
blight on our Government and the bu-
reaucratic, cliquish factionalism into
which we have permitted it to degen-
erate. Both the Congress and the Amer-
ican people have an obligation to Mr.
Otepka to see that this injustice is
righted, but they have an even greater
obligation to themselves and their pos-
terity to eradicate the defects in the
system which j3ermit our Government to
be so perverted.
I ask unanimous consent that this
article be printed in the RECORD at the
conclusion of my remarks.
There being; no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
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July 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? A PrEIN 01.A.
said more dams are needed to help in the low
flow periods on the river.
Warner pointed out that conditions change
with the times. He said if the Tuscaloosa
plant were to be built today it would be con-
structed below the city, not at its present
location. He also said. the Warrior Lock and
Dam should have been located farther down
stream below the industrial plants.
Yoder pointed out that the new system at
the Demopolis plant was constructed in spite
of the fact that no immediate expansion is
planned and that the mill was under no pres-
sure to improve its waste disposal system.
The system involved an investment of over
a million dollars. Operating it and monitor-
ing the river require an annual expense of
$48,000.
Dr. Myers said it was gratifying to see such
a major step taken on .pollution.
The mill, located about 8 miles south
Of Demopolis, is surrounded by elaborate
pohding and clarifying facilities each dedi-
cated to the treatment' of a specific type of
Waste water from the various stages ?of
manufacture. Into one lagoon goes water
that contains no harmful materials but
Which needs to be cooled before returning
to the river.
In a secon?facility, a huge clarifier, 266
feet in diameter, removes solids such as wood
fibers that. would otherwise "flow into the
river.
The third oPeration involves a 56-acre
lagoon which impounds waste water contain-
ing non-fibrous material from the wood that
could be harmful to the stream. This effluent
can be retained for periods up to two weeks,
during which time its harmful properties are
dissipated It is then metered back into the
river at a rate determined by the flow of the
stream.
Even before water needed by the mill is
' sent to the waste treatment plants, it has
been used over and over throughout the mill.
The mill, uses 16 million Eallons of water
daily, but if it were not for this recycling at
various Stages of production, the demand
would be 25 million gallons a day.
Although no mill expansion is planned at
Demopolis, the new waste treatment system
is designed to take care of a greater future
load.
To the east of the mill a small lake allows
the cooling of water that has become heated
In condensing stearn produced in the
chemical recovery section of the mill. This
lagoon also serves as a safety check to guard
against any mishaps that might endanger the
condition of the river, Should such upset
Conditions occur, a sensing system automati-
cally sounds an alarms and shuts off the dis-
charge valve at the lagOon.
Tour million gallons of water can be
processed daily here. Now covering nine
acres with a 20-million-gallon capacity, the
pond can readily be enlarged to 25 acres with
105-million-gallon capacity.
On the opposite side of the mill is the
clarifier which handles 10 million gallons
of water a day. Water fed into this system-
' contains solid materials such as fibers, lime,
and clays that have slipped through in the
Washing, bleaching, and forming processes.
Such materials, if allowed to flow into the
river, would use up vital dissolved oxygen
and create sludge beds.
The clarifier is a huge, dish-shaped instal-
lation, 266 feet in diameter and 15 feet deep
at the center. Mill water is Pumped to the
center surface, from which point it flows out-
ward,tp the rim, spilling over the edges. In
the Meanwhile, 99 percent of the solids have
'Settled tq, the bottom, where long scraper
arms concentrate the sludge in the deepest
part. Heavy-duty puinps then remove the
sludge.
These concentrated ,Solids are pumped to a
nearby filter house where more water is
removed, leaving a wet cake of solid material
to be clumped in a nearby impoundment.
At present there is no 'practical use for these
solids, but experiments are being coriducted
to see if they can be transformed into a
useful byproduct.
Behind the clarifier stretches the 59-acre
Surface of the strong waste lagoon. Here is
collected effluent that has a stronger con-
centration of oxygen-absorbing materials.
The wastes are held for a period up to 2
weeks, during which time areation and bac-
terial action reduce the oxygen demand.
At the end of the treatment period the
water is released to the river at a carefully
controlled rate. The strong waste system
is designed to be modified as technical ad-
vances are made in the field of effluent
control.
In addition to the three-way treatment
system and the constant checking and
double-checking that goes on at the plant,
Gulf States technicians keep a close watch
on the river itself. Daily checks are made
on the river's flow and of the dissolved oxygen
content of the water.
In periods of low water this monitoring
process becomes almost constant and the lab
boat travels 50 miles downstream from the
plant and 5 miles upstream. Samples of
water are taken at 16 different points and
5 tests are made on each sample.
The Demopolis mill was built in 1957 and
produces up to 400 tons of gleaming white
board daily, chiefly for the folding carton
Industry.
Repeal of Section 14(b) of the Taft-
Hartley Act
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LAURENCE J. BURTON
OF UTAH
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 27, 1965
Mr. BURTON of Utah. Mr. Speaker,
one of hundreds of letters I have received
on the subject of repeal of section 14(b)
of the Taft-Hartley Act came from the
Western States Meat Packers president,
Mr, L. Elaine Liljenquist. I ask leave to
have this letter, which outlines, the feel-
ings of this important association, placed
in the Appendix for the edification of my
colleagues.
WESTERN STATES MEAT PACKERS
ASSOCIATION, INC.,
Washington, D.C., July 26, 1965.
Hon. LATJRENCE J. BURTON,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. BURTON: Please vote against re-
peal of section 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act.
This is the recommendation of the West-
ern States Meat Packers Association.
It is an American tradition not to force
citizens to join any organization?lodge,
club, church, association, or labor union.
Freedom to choose for oneself is a prin-
ciple which has been instrumental in making
the United States the richest Nation on
earth. Let's not give up this great freedom.
Responsible labor unions win their mem-
bership by constructive leadership. It is not
esSential to the success of labor unions to
have mandatory membership.
Labor unions have continued to grow pow-
erful under the Taft-Hartley Act. As you
know, labor organizations are not subject
to antitrust laws. Repeal of section 14(b)
wohld give them an added monopoly to the
detriment of the public welfare.
Your vote against repeal of section 14(b)
will be greatly appreciated.
Respectfully yours,
L. BLArNE LIMENQUIST,
President and General Manager.
44) ig
A4123
Cuba's
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 27, 1965
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, un-
der leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I include the following article
from the San Diego Union of July 24,
1965:
CUBA'S ROAD TO RUIN?CASTRO PROMISES
BRING ENSLAVEMENT
(EDrroa's NOTE.?The Very Reverend John
J. Kelly, of St. Augustine's high school, San
Diego, lived in Cuba from 1943 to 1959. For
9 years, until he was forced out by Prime
Minister Fidel Castro in April 1959, Father
Kelly was president of the Catholic university
there.)
(By the Very Reverend John J. Kelly)
Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro cele-
brates his 12th anniversary of his revolt on
Monday.
On 'July 26, 1953, about 100 idealistic young
Cubans attacked a military barracks in Mon-
cada, Santiago de Cuba, in an unsuccessful
and apparently scatterbrained attempt to
open armed hostility against the government
of Fulgencio Batista. A small hard-core
group escaped, including Fidel and his
brother, Paul. They surrendered and their
lives were saved through the intercession of
the archbishop of Santiago, the Most Rev-
erend Enrique Perez Serantes,
The Batista government pardoned and ex-
iled these conspirators in 1955, only to have
the pardoned exiles return 18 months later
from. Mexico for a new armed invasion, De-
cember 2, 1956. The group of about 90 was
detected and almost annihilated by the
Cuban armed forces, but again, Fidel, Paul
and the hard-core group escaped into the hills
of the Sierra Maestra in eastern Cuba.
There they managed to hold out for 2
years, while the Cuban people became in-
creasingly dissatisfied with the Batista ad-
ministration.
Although Cuba was never so prosperous
economically as in 1957-58, Cubans looked
for someone to lead them in a political revo-
lution to overthrow Batista. In spite of his
known criminal record, Fidel Castro became
accepted as the ideal leader for that revolu-
tion, and he sat defiantly on his mountain
top, very inacessible to the armed forces of
Cuba, but readily accessible to that sector
of the world press which wittingly or un-
wittingly favors leftist causes.
The vast majority of Cuban people sup-
ported Castro then because he promised free
elections, honesty in government and a re-
turn to the constitution of 1940. These
promises were deliberate, calculated lies, such
as his shortwave clandestine broadcast:
EVIDENCE LACKING
"We are not a Communist group. The
government accuses us of that to get your
support; we are Cubans who hate Batista
more than you do and want to get him out
and restore free elections, honesty and the
constitution to our nation."
Much of the propaganda of. the Castro
military victories was of like nature. There
is no evidence that Castro won any decisive,
large-scale military victory; there is much
evidence to the contrary that the Cuban
armed forces, by and large, were demoralized,
corrupt and unwilling to fight.
The victory over Batista was not Castro's
so much as it was that of the Cuban people.
Professionals, students, middle class and
upper class were conned Into helping Castro.
He had no proletariat, no union help. The
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4124 CONGRES TONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX July 27, 1965
.8. State Department formulated policy
inch favored Castro Dyer 13a1ieta.
RESULT CF, REVOLT
What has been the result Of this "revolt"
nd the one-sided poliy of the State Depart-
drit7' In some 6 years Castro has parlayed
IS 'easy Victory into a fun-fledged Soviet
atellite, 90 mites from the U.S. mainland.
For "Cubans this Soviet aggression on the
rilericas has brought the same enslavement
f the people, the same destruction, of a
mind economy, :the same misery, hunger and
eath that it has visited upon, the peoples of
astern Earope and ciiina.
4so 'has brought to Cuba Soviet troops
rid war Materills the t openly threaten the
mi
erity of the meric is, as well as a tactical
raining center of subverefon aimed at
ride rminng all Latin America.'
Many observers thiak that the road the
nited States chooses with caba will deter-
me the fate of Latin America, and uiti-
ate1y the fate of the United States.
-,....????????????????11....
Hon. Cleveland M. Bailey
=TENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT T. SUREST
. oF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 27,1965
Mr. SECREST. Mr. Speaker, on July
3, my friend, and our former colleague,
he Honorable ,Clevel,e,nd Monroe Bailey,
assed away. lie was born in St. Marys,
. Va., and was a graduate of Geneva
ollege, Geneva, Pa., an Associated Press
ditor of the Clark-iburg Exponent, an
ssistant State auditor, a State budget
irector, a schoolteacher, and finally a
ember of Congress for 16 years.
From the day he came to Congress, the
eMbership sensed, both Democratic and
epublican, that here was a, man born to
ead and not follow. He espoused clearly
nd without fear tha principles and be-
jets on which his political philosophy
as based. As he sc often said, my first
wo names should indicate the party of
y choice. Cleveland Bailey was a kindly
an under that outward rough exterior,
nd his word was his bond. I can re-
ember as if it were yesterday, when we
alked of our respective States, that he
old me, "Remember BOB, what is good
or one part of your State is good for all
he State, regardless of whether or not it
your own district.' Many a freshman
ember of Congress will recall his words
f wisdom and guidance in their legisla-
ive actions. The statute books bear evi-
ence of his record in the Congress, and
very child in Ames ica can thank him
or his foresight in the field of education
nd every working man can thank him
or his friendship to labor.
In the spring of 1965, Midwest City,
kla., paid him tribute when he went
here to dedicate the Cleveland M. Bailey
chool. I can mentally picture him and
agi.ne the personal pride he took in
eing told that a school was being named
his honor and that he was to make the
edic ation.
Every State in this great Union of ours
nds a distinguished son to the Congress.
eat Virginia can take great pride in
now trig that it has contributed one of
her sons to the Congress of the United so often and so bitterly that scarcely anyone
State, iii the person of the late Hon-
orablq Cl aVeland Monroe Bailey. Both
symp thy to his wife, Maud, and his sons,
Mrs. eciest and I extend pr deepest
o
Joslyn ax .d Donald, and his daughter,
Wanda, and his many grandchildren.
Paipar Jabs at Martin Carry Little
Weight
*XTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
IN
OF CALIFORNIA
E :SOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Yuesday, July 27, 1965
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. ?Speaker, on
Wednesday, July 7th, Mr. Thomas
J. Foley of the Los Angeles Times
wrote an article which was published
In the Washington Post setting forth his
views Fn the disagreement by Congress-
man ATuunq with Chairman William
McChesney Martin, Chairman of the
Federal Reserve Board.
The, article follows:
PATiviiirst JABS AT MARTIN CARRY LITTLE
WEIGHT
(By Thomas J. Foley)
When_ W lliam McChesney Martin, Chair-
man oi the Federal Reserve Board, was asked
to conimer t the other day on Representa-
tive WRIGHT PATMAN'S demand that he re-
sign, a Smila broke across his face.
Despite c ifferences, Martin said in all good
humor i "I'm always able to maintain friend-
ly relaidorn with Mr. PATMAN and I hope to
continue to do so."
"I'm alw Iys pleased," Martin said, "when
Mr. PA.MA C shows interest in the Federal
Reserve."
4 AL WAYS SHOWING INTEREST
Marin. Cf course, was being a gentleman.
But to hoss acquainted with him and his re-
lations 'wit; Mr. PATMAN, the comment had
a barb, bleause PATMAN, the 71-year-old
Texas Democrat, who heads the House Bank-
ing and Cu Tency Committee is always show-
ing interes , in the Federal Reserve.
Mart n's tone, and his smile, moreover,
were sOmel hing more than condescending.
And wdll tney might have been.
For 4artin knew, and his immediate listen-
ers knew, that despite PATMAN'S seniority?
only three Congressmen in the 435-Member
House have served longer than his 36 years?
and deSpite PATMAN'S position as chairman
of the , Banking Committee, the Congress-
man's xlemind for Martin to resign carries
about vs rr uch weight as the pages of the
CONGRESSIO CAL RECORD on whioh it was
printed.
The incic ant serves as an example of how
potentild power can be diluted, as PATMAN'S
has ovek th3 years.
KNOWS HIS STRENGTH
It is d.out tful, of course, whether a demand
from any Member of Congress right now
would prompt Martin to resign. He knows
his strength, which is considerable, and his
standing in President Johnson's eyes, which
is also donsiderabIe.
This ls no reflection on PATMAN'S integrity,
which ,is high, nor does it bear on the
merits pf tis case against Martin.
,,ITTLE ATTENTION PAID ?
What, it does mean is that PATMAN has re-
buked rind berated big bankers in general
and th Federal Reserve Board in particular
Approved For Release
pays much attention to him any more.
Seldom a week goes by, it often seems,
that PATMAN does not inveigh at length
against them.
The main thrust of his arguments is al-
ways the same?that these groups want high
interest rates and that these rates are the
ruination of everything that is good.
'Again, whether this is true is beside the
point. The repetition of the argument, and
usually in strong uncompromising terms, has
cost PATMAN his audience.
RECOGNIZES PROBLEM
PaTaxeux himself--to his credit?recognizes
to some degree wbot the problem is. In the
speech, he also said "think hard, think long,
my colleagues. I am not making a plea
for a pet peeve Of WRIGHT PATMAN'S."
At another point, he said, "well, you will
say, this is another one of PATMAN'S diatribes
against William McChesney Martin?we have
been hearing the same for many years."
But his pleas went largely unheeded for
that very reason--his audience has been
hearing the same thing for many years.
.-..1?=01111
One Man, One Vote
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES G. O'liARA
' OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday.. July 27, 1965
Mr. O'HARA of Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, the Michigan Democratic State
Central Committee has officially gone on
record in opposition to current legis-
lative efforts to upset the Supreme
Court's historic one-man, one-vote de-
cision on apportionment of State legisla-
tures.
I thoroughly agree with the position
taken by the State central committee
and consider it a privilege to call to the
attention of my colleagues the resolu-
tion adopted by the committee on July
18.
The resolution follows:
RESOLUTION OPPOSING DIRKSEN AMENDMENT
Whereas the Congress of the United States
is presently considering Senate joint Resolu-
tion 2, commonly known as the Dirksen
amendment, propos:.ng an amendment to the
U.S. Constitution to reverse the U.S. Supreme
Court's one-man, one-vote decision, so as to
authorize legislative apportionment on any
basis in the second house of a bicameral
legislature; and
Whereas such proposal is contrary to all
precepts of democracy assuring majority rule
and equal voice in their Government to all
citizens, without discrimination on account
of race, sex, or residence; and
Whereas such proposal is transparently but
a smoke-screen to perpetuate malappor-
tioned legislatures, which are not only un-
constitutional and 'unfair, but also indiffer-
ent and unresponsive to the needs of our
citizens, particularly urban and suburban
dwellers; and
Whereas fair and affective people represen-
tation has now been secured to Michigan by
the courts; and our equitably apportioned
one-man, one-vote legislature has demon-
strated that people representation is respon-
sive and responsible to the needs of all citi-
zens, and such legislature has made dramatic
progress in meeting the social needs of our
citizens; and
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Notroh 15, 196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD :777 APPENDIX
dents, Of the arts acLhtanit1es Would be
bound to challenge. Is jazz any less an art
form. than of serious, Modern muaic?
Should enbists be sulasislize.d and CoralC strip
artists ignored? Would Riley, if he were liv-
ing today, be a fit subject for a Government
grant, or would the money go to some long-
hair poet?
'A n1 who hi better advancing the humani-
tiee?the graduate student working on a
subsidized thesis or the young writer learn-
ing the hard way what humanity is all
about? .
The bill states in its preamble that "cle-
=Crecy demands wisdom and vision in Its
Wizens," and the President in. his, accom-
panying message says "freedom is an essen-
tial condition for the artist." ,
Those are two of the best arguments we
know for finding other methods than Gov-
ernment subsidies to aricoura,ge the arts and
humanities.
quillenge of Citizenship
SPEECII
or
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
Tr..,14-N01$
IN THE HOME OF nEMESENTATIVES
Thursday March 11, 1965
7A/fr. DERVVINSKI, Mr. Speaker, in
the recent :Noice of Pcmgcracy" con-
test cOnaCieted by tile vetprap5 of For-
eign Wars, an outstanding young stu-
c;.e,:up 404 Fouith District of Illi-
nois, 'Harry Wayne Sirnmon, represent-
ed tile State of Illinois, ,
Hr tY is an outstandirg student at
1.4Y0116, TOWrishiR gigh School in La
Grange, Ill., He and the other young
Alen aig wpMen who,participated in this
-year's "Voice ofi:ietiloctacY" contest are
outstanding examples of the talented and
dedicated young generation who will
Mature to accept positions of responsi-
bility in our society?
am n pleased to insert iitto the itECORD
at this point.the winning. ,speech of Jlar-
--rY Sinkincgi'15 in talc, Minola ,VaiCe. of
Democracy competition; .
.Tux CITALizezmx. OF cjr.rzurisnr?. 1954-95
(By Harry Wayne Sinamon La Grange, Ill.)
? lIrcel've heard how Americans have 50 per-
cent of the world's wealth and 7 percent
of its people. We're lucky to be Americans,
.-Agen't wey seenai we were born into a
nee col.org-w.orld, 1r,tight now we're, proud
Of our 'Country and our heritage.
To this kind of talk I say, "Save it." I'm.
??*tarect of 1Koning to eulogies and., pride
boasting speeches. Lit men rest on the
past; let them lean againat the accomplish-
? Menta of their grandfathers and fall asleep.
?.1.0. this ehanging world, not advancing is,
? effec,t, failing backward. The freshness
and vitality of America, these qualities
dreve men to make us free, lie dor-
shut 'up behind social whims,, cyni-
14 , and selfishness,
ou_knew,,people who are talented and
incluStrions, but if they do anything at
all wit/ Piej.e attributes, it's only to gain
,power, or self-enjoyment.
rppare,nt iI recent_political scandals
d campaign rnudsllnging.
Adult America has a sense of values brain-
washed by the corruption and greed of a few.
If there is a chance to save the freshness of
AMerica, it lies with her youth. Herein is
the challenge of citizenship. America's
youth cannot-4e carbon copies of her adults.
America's youth are willing and wanting
right now to give and to create for some-
thing they can call their own, and what bet-
ter to sail your own than your country. But
U their willingness is stifled, they turn de-
linquent or withdraw into themselves or
set up false senses of values. Just by using
all his resources, without slighting ingenuity
and imagination, an American can advance
the welfare_ and prestige of his country most.
The highly developed minds and bodies of
American youth deteriorate in waiting for a
chance to exploit their talents for a worth-
while goal. Give youth a chance; give them
freedom; challenge them with something
worthwhile and they'll make America a hun-
dred times greater than she already is.
Perhaps you my that they have chances to
work off exuberance for their country.
Maybe they do. but it is not the accepted
thing in their society because it is not the
accepted thing in adult society. When you
_hear a siren on the, streets, h,ow ma,ny cars
aetually pull to the side of the road, much
less come to a halt? What percentage of
your adult friends really know the issues of
politics and have formulated their own an-
swers? II-Ow many times have you heard
adults co lain about taxes? Moreover, how
'pitch are he letters "U.S.A." a part of your
everyday Vocabalaryl?
. Take stpck, friend. 7..op$ at Vag problem.
Behold AmeriCa, she really ,progressing
in spirit as she is in automation, economy,
? and population? Her youth can and shall
carry on the spirit of America.
then, is the challenge of citizenship
for all Americans: for adults it is to set an
example by laying cynicism aside and picking
up the banner of vitality and plain, honest
drive; for youth it Is to follow the example
and exploit their natural freshness and naive
courage.
, There is a_bonsl betWeenMell which Emer-
son called "the nimble air benign.' A is the
universality of man, his need for love, for
self-pride, for identity, maybe it's just con-
science; but whatever it is, we can use it
as a connecting agent to help us all know
how to use our talents. But talent is noth-
ing without courage and imagination to put
these natural qualities to work?to work for
America.
The Symphony Comes to Middletown, N.Y.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JACOB K. JAVITS
OF NEW YORK
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. JAVITS, Mr. President, a prime
objective of my bill, Senate bill 310, the
National Arts Foundation Act of 1965, is
to encourage the living arts in communi-
'ties which otherwise would not have op-
portunities to benefit from them. The
_bill seeks to do this through State art
councils and other nonprofit means.
New York has had such a council since
1960; and it has succeeded admirably in
working with such communities within
the State. One such effort came to real-
ization recently when the Minneapolis
Symphony Orchestra came to Middle-
town, N.Y., and presented a concert,
sponsored by the Greater Middletown
Arts Council, in cooperation with other
community agencies and the New York
State Council on the Arts.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD
an article?from the February 23 issue of
A1147
the Middletown Times-Herald Record?
describing this achievement.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE SYMPHONY COMES To TOWN
(By Marian Feman)
Manarrowx.?"Let's book a symphony this
season. Let's bring a topflight symphony
orchestra to Middletown. There's nothing
quite like the big, full, thrilling sound of live
music."
? One enthusiastic member of the Greater
Middletown Arts Council convinced the other
directors that a symphoni concert would add
to the life of the area.
The concert by the Minneapolis Symphony
which Will take place at Middletown High
School this Sunday afternoon at 2:30 was
planned almost a year ago.
But the price was high for a small city.
Art, like other commodities in demand, costs
money.
The State arts council came to the rescue
with a sizable grant. The local arts council
paid its share of more than half the guar-
antee, which was several thousand dollars.
One hundred and 50 patrons gave additional
support. Finally the contract was signed.
Next came the job of filling those 1,600
seats at Middletown High School.
The three arts council sponsors?the Mid-
dletown school system, Orange County Com-
=inlay College, and the Times:-Heralci Rec-
ord went to work. '
Schools in three counties were contacted
and students invited to attend for only $1.50.
Music teachers talked up the value of hear-
ing a live symphony orchestra. Four hun-
dred student tickets, the maximum at this
price, were reserved almost immediately.
The press, radio stations, bill boards, or-
ganizations, supermarkets, the libraries, and
even city buses carried the musical mes-
sage?"the symphony is coming to town."
Adult tickets were scaled at $3 and $4.50.
Soon the arts council's box office head-
quarters, at the Record's switchboard, began
to buzz with activity. Mail orders were re-
ceived within a 40-mile radius.
The program was chosen?Brahms' "First
Symphony," Prokofiev's "Classical Sym-
phony," and a contemporary work by Gun-
ther Schuller "Seven Studies on Themes of
Paul Klee:"
Another artistic cover for Sunday's pro-
gram was created by the arts council's artist,
Dr. Fritz Blumenthal. His graphic designs
are frequently offbeat and provocative.
Ushers were recruited from the high school
and from Orange County Community College.
Those lucky enough to be selected will at-
tend the concert free of charge.
The time is drawing near for Sunday's
concert. Last Minute details must still be
taken care of. Dressing rooms for the con-
ductor and the performers must be arranged
for. One hundred chairs must be set up.
The piano must be tuned. Lighting must be
just right, with no glare to disturb the
musicians.
Early Sunday morning a truck will pull
up to the high school, carrying 70 trunks
of valuable instruments. These will be care-
fully unloaded by professional stagehands.
At 12:30 the orchestra members will arrive,
and 2 hours later young Polish director,
Stanislaw Skrowaczewski, will raise his
baton and give the cue opening the pro-
gram.
The artistic success of Sunday's concert,
of course, depends upon the Minneapolis
Symphony's performance. Behind the per-
formance is months of diligent preparation
by a large number of people?in the school
system, in business, on the arta council?
who have volunteered their services to bring
more life, more culture, and more spark
to the place where they live.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX March
ew Castro Fortifications Ring U.S. Naval
Base at Guantanamo
? 2XTENSIO1 OP REMARKS
OF
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOME OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, .1965
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, for
me time I have be .?.n Concerned about
0 lack of inforrnati an on Cuba. I have
ade inquiry of the State IDepartinent
nty to be assured by the ASsistant Sec-
tary of State that Cuba is in a mess
nd that communism has been proven
ndesirable for the American States.
nly yesterday I her,rd the chairman of
e P'oreign Relatiors Committee of the
enate state that Castro- had been cut
own to size, so it is really with great
terest that I read .:ratnes Ilittle's ar-
icle in the Sunday Star, Washington,
C., of March 14.
It seems to Me that we are paying too
ittle attention to wt at is going on in the
uss Lan Colony' which lies within 90 Miles
t 'out shore.
EW CASTRO FORTIFICATIONS RING U.S.
NAVAL
BASE AT GUANTANAMO
(By James D. little)
(Norz.?James 35. Hittle, a retired Marine
&pa 'brigadier general, Who is director of
atitnial security and foreign affairs for the
, recently visited the Naval Base at
tanamo.) '
TM spite a the wishful thinking that Cas-
re-land is too expensive for Moscow's bud-
et, the Kremlin is not pullitig out of Cuba.
In:stead, communism is digging in for what
ooks like a long and troublesome stay. That
what I concluded Coming a recent tour of
tratSgically plEiced Citantarairno Bay Naval
ase on the southern tip of Cuba.
'Since last August, the Reds have been for-
tifying the high ground surrounding the
at base boundary. And this is not any
amateur pick-and-shovel trench digging. It
is a highly professional job, reflecting an un-
Utual degree' of skill in the military organi-
zation of critical ground.
As a result of a tremendous engineering
effort the Reds have cleared and smoothed a
300-, to 500--yard wide belt iabout 15 miles
long.?coMpletely around the iand boundary
Of the base. Jungle, rocks, and cactus have
been "cleared. This provides 'a typical coni-
rifunist-style death strip like those with
Which the Reds hays scarred the dividing
line 'between freedcin and Oppression in
Europe. One of its purpose's is to prevent
freedom-loving Cubans from seeking sanc-
tuary in the naval base. To make the flight
to freedom more difficult, the Reds have
erected a wall of barbed wire down the middle
Of the strip. It is about 7 feet high and three
rows. wide. In itself it represents a heavy
investment of money, material, and labor.
But this is only part of the Red effort to seal
off Guantanamo Bay. Behind the wire are
the fortifications: Taese, in turn, consist of
a genes of deeply ,embedded tiring positions.
Each pillbox is caretilly located, taking full
advantage of terrain, most of which is higher
than the base area.
TRENCHES SKILLFULLY LOCATED
One' highly organized strongpoint consists
of more than 20 separate firing positions. All
the positions are placed to support each other
with shields of fire that Cover approaches to
adjacent positions. Connecting these firing
positions am skillfully located trenches.
These not only run along the front, generally
parallel to he base boundary, but also ex-
tend frc/m the rear of the line, thus giving
covered rou tes of approach for troops and
supplied. - -
-Probtibly the most surprising and sig-
nificant asp sot of these fortifications is their
heavy enstruction. Each firing point (pill-
box) is constructed with prefabricated con-
crete, eptimated to vary from 3 to 6 inches
thick. 'When embedded in the ground, only
the gull port and low rounded roof pro-
trude above the surface.
With4glatses I could clearly see the pre-
fabricated floncreta roof slabs being put in
place. 'These are then covered by layers of
poured 'con mete and earth, in a short time
fast-grOwing vegetation will give hard-to-
discern camouflage.
Far Do ti e 'rear of the fortified line, land
is being cl3ared for barracks. construction.
Cost or Mit hostile fortification around our
base is estimated at close to $15 million.
When eomplete it will be one of the most
intensiVely fortified positions in the world.
I doubt that there is anyone in Castro's forces
capable of planning and building such a
skillful/ and massive network. The type
of fortification, use of terrain-covered
trenches and emphasis on fields of fire con-
form t4 Soviet military doctrine.
IMF/EMBER MISSILE CRISIS
Why, this vast and surprising Red buildup?
There 'is no one pat answer. Communist
strategy is based on flexibility, the choice of
Meth s--averything from propaganda to
raw m Mary power. It appears that the fol-
lowing, fac m's are involved In the Moscow-
Havana decision to ring our, base with for-
tifications.
Mosciow srants Guantanamo Bay. The Rus-
sian general staff knows full well, even if
some lime/ loans do not, that our base is the
strategic k( y to the Caribbean, the approaches
to Panams and the protection of sea lanes
essential to economic and military integrity
of South America. Let us nont forget that
one of the most consistent themes of Kremlin
propaganci I is "kick the United States out
of Guantmiarno."
Neither Cuban Premier Fidel Castro nor
Moscow las s forgotten their scare during the
1962 missile crisis when they were so vul-
nerable to U.S. military action. An attack
from Guantanamo Bay combined with air
and sea assault from the Florida area, would
have brokon the Red grip on Cuba. Russian
military thought always has been extremely
sensitive to an exposed tank.
orrEnsury ROLE POSSIBLE
If another threat of U.S. retaliation should
develdp, Castro and his Kremlin overlords
want to prevent the possibility that U.S. units
from rtuaatanamo Bay might link up with
other fore as and Cuban freedom fighters.
Alsq, the new fortifications could perform
a dual offensive-defensive role. If the Reds
ever decic ed to attack the base, their best
corridor cf attack would be down the long
and broac plain of the 'Guantanamo River,
which rime in the mountains in the north-
west end flows in a southeasterly direction
into the b ty.
In Such tactical situation, Red gunfire
from the fortifications, supplemented by ar-
tillers) in the hills to the northwest, would
try to/ immobilize our forces in the base in
order to E ssist the armored attack down the
plain, Tais would be in accord with the
tactical doctrine for holding forces and ma-
neuver fo ?ce.
But tho Soviet tacticians must realize it
mould no-; be a walk-in for ?shem. Navy and
Marine u aits at the base, backed by carrier
aviation had naval gunfire, would be doing
somethin ;, too.
SERVE PROPAGANDA PURPOSE
It is m obabie, though, that the fortifica-
tions are intended to serve a more immedi-
ate piopa,gaxida role.
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15, 1965
'Taking advantage of our well-known de-
sire for peace, the Reds could deliberately
create a war-threate aing crisis. Then, to the
tune of worldwide propaganda, they could
offer to negotiate. When the timing is right
from their standpoint they can increase ten-
sion by firing a few shots and publicly re-
enforcing troops in the fortifications. Their
investment in these new fortifications will
pay dividends in military credibility. This,
in turn, they expect, will give added leverage
in negotiations.
Tribute to John W. Macy, Jr., Chairman
of the Civil Service Commission
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH
OW TEXAS
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
an excellent tribute to the new Chairman
of the Civil Service Commission, Mr. John
W. Macy, Jr, appeared in the March 10,
1965, issue of the Government Employees'
Exchange.
Because of Mr. Macy's most remark-
able accomplishments, ability, and vigor-
ous talent, I request that the article be
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MACY'S REAPPOINTMENT AS CSC CHIEF AP-
PLAUDED BY 'FEDERAL EMPLOYEES
Federal employees everywhere in the world
are commending President Johnson' for reap-
pointing John W. Macy, Jr., to the chairman-
ship of the Civil Service Commission for a
6-year term. Merabers of the Senate Post
Office and Civil Service Committee, in con-
firming him for the post on March 4, made
audible the expressions of pleasure felt by
Federal careerists, male and female alike,
physically able and partially disabled alike,
by majority and minority groups alike.
Readers of this newspaper if they haven't,
by this time, become intimately acquainted
with Mr. Macy, his personality, and his re-
markable work history, with the inspiration
he inculcated in every Federal department
and agency in the Government, with the
vigor he has supplied every one of the
talented careerists in the Federal service, to-
gether with his tireless energy to attract the
talented into the Federal service, then this
newspaper has not done a good job. At 47,
his career has just begun. 'When this re-
markable man sleeps no one will ever know.
Those who know him never cease to wonder
where he unearths his drive, how he amasses
his wisdom for fair play, when he gets the
time not only to perform his responsibilities
but to express himself in the many profes-
sional personnel 'ournals, which this news-
paper has been fortunate to accumulate. He
arrives at his office in the wee hours of the
morning and leaves it with a bulging brief-
case at night. Members of the Civil Service
Commission staff' having business with him
one day not so long ago said "you have to
catch him on the run. He's on the move
practically all of the time." The Exchange,
in 1961, recorded for its readers just prior to
his confirmation, that he "would go any-
where and do anything" to improve the lot
of Federal employees. As careerists well
know, he has demonstrated that he meant
those words, and as daily continuing to do so.
Several months ago, this newspaper specu-
lated to itself if the unsupported rumors that
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A1188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX March 15, 1965
To SSE "P-disa, Lzr's FACE IT -
For the past fag;ds Herald readers have
- beet/ getting a close inside look at Commu-
nist Cujia.
Cair Latin. A. can Ohm', Al Burt, spent
8 weeks on the ? ? uttered island, the longest
- stay of any nonresident American corre-
spondent since the Castro takeover. His
dispatches, which will continue to appear
for some time, are detailed and revealing.
The picture is grim.
Cuba is a tota4 police state. Controls are
more severe than in any other Communist
country. The block warden system has the
- entire populace spying on one another.
The penalty for dissent is drastic. A re-
cent OAS report Said one-sixth of all Cubans
have OM the. in.side of a Castro jail since
1959. An estimped 94,000 political pris-
oners Ogre ngaw in ?ustody,
-There is no Vsible external or internal
- force that seems likely to bring about Cas-
tro's abrupt dowhfall.
' the whole Cuban nation is transformed
into an instrunient of Communist policy.
Its niekning for the United States and the
- free wOrld is ain't:rang. '
Cuba is available to Russian military
power, to strike at the 'United States from
the roar in any world confrontation.
It is the dagger of subversion aimed at
Latin America, a Clear and ever-pr sent
danger to every _democratic government in
the hernispliere.
But more sinis.ter and Subtle is the indoC-
-trinAign ,of gi.,gineraikkri. Of Cubans With a
hate-An/erica vis. The entire rOlice State,
reports Mr.-turt, IS dedicated to the destruc-
tion of American ideals:
, .
. . .
.Th&. threat fiorn the Red island m4es it
hard to ,understand bow a well-known ,4riter-
icau. *newspaper can look with complacency,
0,a It, 1414 this, week, on what it, considerk the
forward thrust of the Cubant revolution.
,
It puts a strange cast on the willingness
of anti-Communist Spain to put profit above
principle and become Cuba's chief supplier
outside the Red bloc.
-The 'administration in Washington shows
it tender/Cy to shove the Cuban problem into
the baeli diawer 'and hope for the best while
giving top priority to other foreign crises to
the point of risking war.
The plain .fact is that Red Cuba is part
774 .a.sngle problem that Must he faced in
, bbean alhi 'sbiitheitst
,
; 1.(rt'4 dispatches show that Cuba is
npt , side Issue of the Cold war but ?a star
4et in corniniiiiienes three-ring' circiis. To
ignore that is a risk we Carihot afford.
There may never be a free Cuba again
unless we face that fact and act on it.
mat Falls
EXTENSfON OF REMARKS
HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL
:TR v,419119-* ? -_
IN TEE Irovsp OF REPRESENTATX17gS
Mouds?yMarch 15, 1965
Ur. BROXIIILL of, Virginia. Mr.
Speaker, an excellent poem written by
Mrs.": Marlene Latimer Bondurant of
Alexandria, Va., has been called to my
attention as it was published in the Falls
Church (Va.) ?Sun-Echo in the editor's
Words and I quote:
Boodinint's poem about Fairfax
Countys beautiful Great Falls is indeed
timely what with President Johnson's avowal
to preserve the historic Potomac River val-
ley's natural beauty and grandeur.
I commend this work to my colleagues
in the Congress of the United States.
GREAT FALLS
(By Marlene Latimer Bondurant)
Along the Potomac Palisades
With endless surge all night and day
The misty-eyed river cascades
Splashing midst snow-white foam and spray
While in the sun pink dogwoods bask,
Creating a scene so picturesque.
Art and Aid
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN ..TIU I-I01.T8 OF ItEPRESENTATIvEs
Thursday, March 4, 1965
Mr. 1V1OORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, in the
last 5 months I have addressed a num-
ber of gatherings of professional prac-
titioners of the arts and humanities in
various parts of the country. To each
of these gatherings I have stressed my
belief that there is a fundamental
change"developing in the attitude toward
intellectual and cultural life in the
United States and that the time is right
for the Federal Government to take
steps to encourage this changing atti-
tude. This has been one of my argu-
ments for establishment of a National
Foundation for the Arts and Humani-
ties, as proposed in the modified Moor-
head bill, H.R. 6051, introduced in the
House last week. In a 'recent editorial,
the Christian Science Monitor made the
point that the artist needs to be honored
in his own land. This is true, of course,
for the humanist too, and for all teach-
ers. I think the National Foundation
for the Arts and Huinanities would point
us in that direction. I include the
Monitor editorial of March 2, 1965, at
this point in the Appendix:
- ART AND Am
While the 13ritish Government is raising
its support of the arts by 30 percent, the
American Government remains virtually at
the beginning of doing anything for them
at all.
We welcome the burst of activity bespeak-
ing Congress belated concern for the arts
and the whole field of humanities.
Government patronage in the realm of hu-
mane values may have more pitfalls than its
already substantial patronage of the sciences.
But, in a society changing under the minis-
trations of the scientist, the insights of the
artist and the scholar have become more
necessary than ever. The time is overdue
for the American Government to define its
role in developing a climate for excellence
in artistic as well as technological fields.
In legislation for education and research,
the humanities should not be penalized be-
cause their benefits may be less tangible than
the visible achievements of science. Among
nonprofit institutions such as museums, the-
aters, and symphony orchestras, there could
Well be Government support as expenses rise
in proportion to what the public can be ex-
pected to pay. The splendid achievements
of private initiative must not be allowed to
dwindle for lack of the necessary boost as
economic conditions change.
The problems of administration would be
difficult. How to separate the worthy from
the unworthy on artistic rather than political
grounds? How to keep the scholar or insti-
tution from tempering the work to what it
Imagines to be acceptable at a given moment
instead of striking out in directions that may
be more important in the future?
The United States would certainly not go
the way of the Soviet Union where Govern-
ment support and control go together. It
would go in the direction of those European
nations that have managed, to a large degree,
to keep support and control separate. In
Britain, for example, the newly allocated
funds will go to the Arts Council, which pro-
vides a kind of buffer between the arts and
political influence.
Some such body would presumably be cre-
ated in the United States if Federal aid to
the arts goes ahead. Indeed, President John-
son has already appointed an Advisory Coun-
cil on the Arts. It is an estimable group, but
stronger on what might be called estab-
lishment names than those further out,
where 'nevi- ideas, good and bad, often arise.
It hints at the problem of creating an ad-
ministering body that would not inhibit the
very creativity it was set up to foster. And,
with constituents' money involved, does any-
one doubt that Congressmen would be look-
ing over the shoulders of an avant-garde
that might seem to be involved in things even
less probable than going to the moon?
Such questions would become more urgent
if Federal aid should extend to individual
artists. The great ones will survive in spite
of Government as well as because of it.
Others might forgo the potential break-
through in favor of the project thought more
likely to get a grant.
Indeed, if Government patronage is added
to that of the foundations and the universi-
ties, some artists might be cut off from the
human experience that gives substance to
art.
Against such considerations must be placed
the possibilities of enriching the public with
more ,works and performances freed of com-
mercial limitations. Ironically, as Congress
awakes to the arts, the country is in the
midst of a "cultural explosion" without con-
gressional patronage.
Judiciously administered aid is necessary.
But its effect will be diminished if the Gov-
ernment fails to show a sensitivity toward
the differences between the arts and other
things. More than money, what the Govern-
ment needs to give the artist is a sense of be-
ing honored in his own land.
Pacific Northwest Floods
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
? OF -
HON. AL ULLMAN
oRtdoist
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 8, 1965
Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. SPeaker, one of the
major concerns throughout the flood-
damaged regions of the Pacific North-
west is for the immediate repair or re-
construction of forest access roads. Tim-
ber processing is the leading provider of
Industrial payrolls in the region, and it
is of the utmost urgency that authority
and funds be granted to complete the
job on federally managed forest areas.
The following resolution by the Ore-
gon Logging Conference emphasizes the
importance of this problem:
OREGON LOGGING CONFERENCE,
Eugene, Oreg., March 8. 1965.
Hon. AL ULLMAN,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.0 .
DEAR REPRESENTATIVE ULLMAN : The 27th
annual session of the Oregon Logging Confer-
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clutiblt to prOvide the type of comprehensive
medic I care to which our rietercins' are en-
' Why?' ' "'Sufficient highly ' trained and
skilled profesSiOnal personnel cannot be per-
stiaclecl to actept-paitions in these areas,
nor is the ,provision Of expensive facilities
atid er itipmerit Xeatible..*
The 1VA. has drawn a 'list oi' Whatlt regards
as 19 'essential professional serviced" which
shotil be "reasonably available" to hospital-
ized v s. Such as radiation treatment; heart
singer ; and psychiatric services:
4ssnirrrIA4 pgrivioas
Of t e hospitals - slated for closing, it says,
the o in F',ort Bayard, N. Mex., is able to pro-
vide o ly one of these services; Dwight, Ill.,
and t e Broadview Heights Division of the
Brecks ille, Ohio, hospital, three; Miles City,
Mont., four; Grand Junction Colo:, six; Bath,
N.Y., even; Rutland Heights, Masa., eight;
and C der Point, N.Y., McKinney, Tex., and
Sunm unt,,N.Y., nine. .
Onl the VA hospital in Linco:n, Nebr.,
rates igh on this score. It can provide 14
of th 19 essential servicer. But the VA
wants to _close the Lindoln facility on grounds
there already are 350 excess beds in the
area up chiefly to the fact that so many
vets ae moving away. .
Dr. rem, a prOfessor of medicine at the
tlniveilsity of Southern Cal fornia, says the
VA's 3-member Snebial Medical Advisory
Groupi which he heads has expressed strong
suppo t for-the changes proposed. '
,
The group is made up of 16 physicians, a
social worker, a dentist, a psychologist, a
nurse? a sociologist, a hospital direCtor, and
a nutritionist. '
NOT .?Dr. Thomas H. Brem, proIessor Of
medic ne at; the University Cf Southern Cali-
fornia s School' of Medicine and chairman of
the V 's Special Medical Advisory Group, a
body f or:n*1e medical experts established
by la to advise the VA on the treatment of
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CONGRESSIO
sick a d disabled veterans.
Al, RECORD APPENDIX A1187
Mr. Ketzenbach',r straightforward, down-to-
earth analysis is .nost salutary.
Immigra,tigin liroposaLs always open the
door to the bogeyman of unemployment.
The adminis ,ration billyould permit the ad-
mission,of only "7/00 more iminigriintri than
are authorized under existing law. But be-
cause of 'Ur Nt ay in which immigration
quotas are nurroatly rigged?so that many
go unused pees use assigned to countries
whose citizens have Ilo desire to comehere--
there would 13er:1.3...actual increase of approXi-
Mately 60,00p intmigrants over the number
now admitte ea 'r.h year. As M. IKe.tzenbach
pointed out, thir. would amount, in relation
to the American internal populaticn growth
of nearly 3 inill on each year, to 9 percent.
He refers to this as "an infinitesimal price to
pay for our own advancement arid advan-
tage." In sirnple truth, it should be reckoned
not as a "pribe" it all but as an enrichment.
The simpt, cc ntral point about the pro-
posed ?chang s Is. immigration policy is that
they wouldA3c) away with the national origins
quota quo syste ?a meanly racist basis of se-
lection?and pui In its place a selection dil
the basis of killi useful to the'United States.
The old syst4m, is the Attorney General said,
"ought to b intolerable on principle alone.
We must be col caned with the quality of
persons, not of pedigrees." Immigrants with
skills to contribt te to the American economy
will, as producers and consumers, help to
keep that economy in high gear.
:
Immigration Ch,inges
TENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HI N. PETER W. RODIN?, JR.
OF NEW JEESDY
IN E HOUSE OF RDPR ZSENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr RODINO. Mr. Speaker, the
Marci 11, 1965, issue of the Washington
Post contains a fine editorial calling
attention to the excellent testimony
whicl Attorney General Katzenbach
prese4ited last week in support of the im-
migr tion revision legislation now under
consi eration by our Judiciary commit-
tee. The editorial Clearly and Concisely
poin out the central purpose of the
legisl tion and the benefits, both actual
and ? tangible, which it will bring to the
Natio . It deserves consideration by all
Mem ers of Congress and I am pleased
to h ye the editorial included in the
RECO D:
/11IMIGRATI0N CHANGES
If y u want to know precisely what changes
Would be made in American innhigration
policy by the immigration 3111 which Presi-
dent eimedy sent to Congress, read the At-
tome General's statement cf last Wednesday
to th House Judiciary Committee: It sets
forth in simple, lucid, nor rhetorical terms
just hat the bill would do and what it
would, not do. In view of some of the non-
sense that has been uttered recently about
opening the floodgates to immigrant hordes,
Rev. John J. Reeb
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE M. RHODES
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE 111:1?USE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thurisclair, Febriary 18, 1965
Mr. RI-10DES of Pennsylvania. Iktn
Speaker, last Friday I suggested that
American flags be flown at half-mast to
express th l ation's sorrow over the
death of the reverend John J. Reeb in
Alabama,'ho gave his life in the cause
of humah 4ghls, dignity, and freedom.
Lowerin the flag would also be an
expression ,of shanie for the events in
Alabama, tirheie the courageous clergy-
man was a vic;im of ignorance, bigotry,
and hate, a natural reaction to the
breakdown of civilized government in
that State, Where the murder of innocent
men and the killing and crippling of
little girls goes unpunished.
The GoVernar of Alabama and his
police-state tactics have seriously dam-
aged the iniag3 of the United States in
the free wcirld and have given the Com-
munists a jpowerful propaganda weapon.
Our Nation mourns today with a
widowed miather and her four fatherless
children. et us hope that the recent
brutal killing will encourage the good
citizens of Alabama to cleanse their
State of (Oficial lawlessness, brutality,
and national shame.
Over the years, Mr. Speaker, Alabama
has been represented in both Eouses of
Congress by dedicated Representatives,
of whom thle people of that State and the
Nation are mighty proud.
Let us give Encouragement to the de-
cent white eiti2ens of that State who last
week marched to the courthouse in Sel-
ma to exprss i sense of outrage at offi-
cial miseonduct, police 'brutality, and
suppression of the rights of citizens.
The leader of the group of 72 white
citizens which made the courageous
march was Joseph Ell wanger, chairman
of the Concerned White Citizens of Ala-
bama.
As white citizens of Alabama?Ell-
wanger said:
We have come to tel the Nation that
there are white people in Alabama who will
speak out against the events which have
recently occurred. By our presence we affirm
our faith in the abiding principles upon
which our Nation is founded?a nation un-
der God with liberty and justice for all.
Mr. Speaker, if the recent tragic event
In Selma will awaken the consciences of
Alabama citizens, Reverend Reeb will not
have died in vain.
ust Not Forget Red Cuba While
We Worry About Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL G. ROGERS
' OF FLORIDA
-IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, Mar:* 11, 1965
Mr: ROGERS of s Florida. Mr.
Speaker, while the American people have
their attentions focused on the conflicts
building up in Vietnam, and pressure
builds as international news dispatches
carry developments as they occur by the
hour, the problem of communism in
Cuba continues to plague the stability
and security of this hemisphere.
We cannot allow our national atten-
tions to be diverted from one Communist-
initiated crisis to another, to be drawn
into the position of constantly reacting,
In Cuba, for example, while authorities
ponder solutions to Vietnam, Fidel Cas-
tro has been readying a new wave of
subversion and terrorism in Latin Amer-
ica. This is typical of the tactics which
the Communists employ as they attempt
to further their purposes throughout the
world.
Americans must not relent in their ef-
forts to replace liberty where it has been
deprived through communism. Ameri-
cans must dedicate themselves to the
constant effort of effecting the downfall
of Communist Castro and the denial of
rights he has placed on the island of
Cuba. The risks are too great to over-
look the fact that Cuba is of vital stra-
tegic importance to communism. We
need only to recall the events of October
1962, when the world looked on while
the United States held to demands that
missiles be removed from this hemi-
sphere, to know the treachery of com-
munism.
One of Florida's leading newspapers,
the Miami Herald, which certainly ranks
as a distinguished authority on events in
the Caribbean and Latin America, artic-
ulated the problem of overlooking Cuba
In the face of Red-inspired pressures
elsewhere in a very succinct manner on .
March 5. I include the Herald editorial
of that day in the Appendix of the REC-
ORD:
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
Mr. EhLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I
alk unanimous consent that this bill be
passed over without prejudice.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Kan-
sas?
There was no objection.
, GREAT EtRITA:mr SUPPLYING CUBA
vrk'n- tnttiox wovra OP
CERTAIN EQUVIVrENT
Ro Td.
(Mr. GERS f ri a a., e and
was givenPerniislion to address the
House ?for: 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROOERS of Plorida. Mr. Speaker,
s, all of us have been shocked by the news
that great Britain has' entered. into an
agreernerliWitliCominimiSt Cuba to sup-
ply thein with $10 Million worth of
equipment: GreatBritain, knowing that
it is the Oficial policy of this Govern-
merit.and he nations of this hemisphere
to isolate Cuba, has seen fit to ignore
this policy.
I think it is higlitiine for this Govern-
ment to take actio li to show its displeas-
ure. The _beSt.?107y to do it is for this
Congress itself to Cake aCtion by passing
fi-14111 that has been introduced to close
the porta of this gation to the ships of
any government Which allows US ships
to trade with daft'. If We were to close
the ports of this Iqation to the British
ships until they Stopped this shipping
to Cuba We Wouhf haVe a quick reaction
and we fpu,ld quickly isolate Cuba and
. get rid of Castro and his Communist
governnient in Cuba.
4
1 Ti R,
1RIVA CALENDA
The SPEAKER This is Private Cal-
-- endar day. The Clerk Will call the first
bill on the Private CalcOdar?
ALEXANDER HAYTKO
The Clerk called the bill (HR. 6092)
for the relief of Alexander Haytko.
There being no objection, the Clerk
read the bill, as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
Ameriqa in Congress assembled, That the
limitation on the time within which appli-
cations for disability retirement are required
to be She'd under section 7(b) of the Civil
Service Retirement Act (5 U.S.C. 2257(b) )
is hereby waived in favor of Alexander
Haytko, Los Angeles, California, a former
employee of the Department of the Air
Force, and his claim for disability retire-
ment under such Act shall be acted upon '
under the other applicable provisions of such
Act as if his application had been timely
filed, if he files application for such dis-
ability retirement within sixty days after
the date of enactment of this Act. No ben-
efits shall accrue by reason of the enact-
ment of this Act for any period prior to the
.
o Enr Tonts, INC.
,
The Clerk called the first bill on the
Private Calendar (H'it- 2360), for the
relief of the Out14t Stores, Inc.
Mr. AIBER$0 ,? Ur. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that this bill be
passed over without prejudice.
The .*.4011: Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Illi-
nois?
There was no o14jection.
?
_
R. AND MRS. ABEL GORFAIN
The, Clerk called the bill (H.R, 2'706)
? for the relief of Dr. and Mrs. Abel Gor-
f
Mr. CrgOSS: Kr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that this bill toe passed
over Without prejudice.
The 813EAKElt, Is there objeciton to
the request, of the gentleman from Iowa?

date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 2, Notwithstanding any other pro-
vision of law, benefits payable by reason of
the enactment of this Act shall be paid,
from the civil service retirement and dis-
ability fund.
, The b,ll wa,s,ordered to be engrossed
and rea a third time, was read the third
time, and passed, and a motion' to re-
consider was laid on the table.
CAROLINE G. JUNGHANS
The Clerk called the bill (H.R., 8878)
for the relief of Caroline G. Jurighans.
Mr. HEMPHILL. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that this bill be
passed over without prejudice.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from South
Carolinc,?
There was no objection.
ESTATE OF PAUL F. RIDGE
? The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 4361)
for the relief of the estate of Paul F.
Ridge.
There being no objection, the Clerk
read the bill, as follows:
There Was no Q jectian. Be it enacted by the Senate and HOUse
?
6f ReprgSentatives of the United States of
_ ___, ,44nter/ca' in Congress assembled, That the
' CHARLES WAV ELY _WATSON, JR. Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and
' .
'The Clerk calle$ the bill (Ha. 2728)
- Treasury not otherwise directed to Pay' out of any niOnef in the
appropriated, to Paul
for the rclief Of harles Waverly Wat- H. Ridge and Hilda Ridge Neill, as executors
son, Jr.. ., _ _ , of thp cptate,cf Paul F. Ridge, who died a
r,, dprr .. g. )vir Speaier, i ask resident of Alaraance County, north' Ciro-
unanimPUs congept tbq this bill be Una, On "July 15, 1957, the sum of $5,581.28,
passed over 31,1 th9ot 'pre odiee. -With interest thereon at the rate of 6 per
rentum per annum from October 15, 1958, to
The Is there objection to date the da of payment under this Act. The
the request of
the gentleman from payment of such sum shall be in full settle-
/S/C.8.539,414ett8? - moot ?Lail claims of said estate against the
tthere as rio O - -United States for refund of Federal estate
, .er onnusly paid by reason of the in-
.911, ?Wit s.s.tge .:of -El I Al*. JAI wIllefi
e 5-alf aul.' P.-Ridge-held callY a' CouttsY
iranterest- plus interest: Provided, That no
El.1 .part of the amount appropriated thereof
shall
sAcet
lieu- i. , n excess of n , per cenu h
m 9f ll be
'paid or delivered to or received by any agent
-ThCjrk'.a ,
for the rilief,
tenant, U.S. Navy.
rcived
January 8
or attorney on account of services rendered
in connection with the enactment of this
Act, and the same shall be unlawful, any
contract to the contrary notwithstanding.
Any person violating the provisions of this
Act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor
and upon conviction thereof shall be fined
In any sum not exceeding $1,000.
With the following committee
amendment:
Page 1, line 9, strike "October 15, 1958"
and insert "May 31, 1962".
The committee amendment was
agreed to.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed
and read a third time, was read the
third time, and-passed, and a motion to
reconsider was laid on the table.
ROBERT E. McKEE GENERAL CON-
TRACTOR, INC., AND KAUFMAN &
BROAD BUILDING CO.
The Clerk called the bill (H.R. 4972)
for the relief of Robert E. McKee Gen-
eral Contractor, Inc., and Kaufman &
Broad Building Co., a joint venture.
There being no objection, the Clerk
read the bill, as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That the
Secretary of the Treasury is authorized add
directed to pay, out of any money in the
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to Rob-
ert E. lVIcKee General Contractor, Incorpor-
ated, of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Kaufman
and Broad Building Company, of Phoenix,
Arizona, the SUM Of 41.145,2C3. The payment
of such sum shall be in full settlement of all
the clatias Of n'otert E. McKee General Con-
tractor, Incorporated, and Kaufman and
Broad Building Company, against the United
States, remaining unpaid, for certain addi-
tional amounts due on account of work per-
formed under a contract (nuihbered AF 20
(602)-636) with .an agency of the United
States (dated September 24, 1959) for the
construction in connection with the housing
project built under title VIII of the National
Housing Act at Selfridge 'Air Force Base,
Michigan. The necessity for payment of ad-
ditional amounts under the contract arose
because of unforeseen expenses resulting from
errors in the topographical survey, but such
payment could not be made On account of the
statutory per-unit ceiling contained in sec-
tioa 505 Of the Act SA. September 28, 1951 (65
Stat. 365) : Provided, That no part of the
amount appropriated in thia Act in excess of
10 per centum thereof shall be paid or de-
livered to or received by any agent or attor-
ney on account of services rendered in
connection with this claim, and the same
shall be unlawful, any contract to the con-
trary notwithstanding. Any person violat-
ing the provisions of this Act shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon
conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum
not exceeding $1,000.
With the following committee amend-
ment:
Strike out all after the enacting clause and
insert: "That notwithstanding the per-unit
cost restrictions of section 803(b) (3) of the
National Housing Act, as amended (12 U.S.C.
1748(b) (3) (B), or any statute of limitations,
jurisdiction is hereby conferred on the United
States Court of Claims to hear, determine,
and render judgment on the claims of Rob-
ert E. McKee General Contractor, Incorpo-
rated, and Kaufman and Broad Building
Conwany, against -the 'United States, for cer-
? tarn- additional. amounts de on account" of
work performed under a contract .(numbered
AF20 (602)-636) with the United States dated
September 24, 1959, for the construction in
conneation with the housing project built
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,
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CONGitES raNTAt notyst
?
ten 1y eicCessive use of overtime causes
.incased unemployment. So, 'therefore,
r csinalkiend leglilation'authorliing the
ere Oen of tripartite industry commit-
tee to ,..'4eterrnhae, on an industry-by-
Industry basis, as to where a higher
penalty rate for overtime would increase
job openings without unduly increasing
cos ?and authorizing the establish-
mezrt of such higher rates.
Lt me make one principle of this
a Migration abundantly clear: All of
thee increased opportunities?in em-
plo ment, in education in housing, and
in every field?must be, open to Amen-
can. of every colqr. As far as the writ
of ederal law will run, we mUst abolish
not some but all racial discrimination.
Flor this is not merely an economic
iss e?or a social, political or interna-
tlorjal issue. It is a moral issne?and it
mu $t be met by the passage this session
of tie bill now pending in the House.
I members of the public should have
equ 1 access to facilities open to the
public. All members of the public should
be qually eligible for Federal benefits
tha are financed by the public. All
me bers of the public should have an
equi I chance to vote fcr public officials,
a ? to send their child:en to good pub-
lie chools, and to contribute their tal-
ent to t tie public good.
day Americans of all races stand
sid ? by side in Berlin and in Vietnam.
Th :y died side by side in Korea. Surely
the can work and eat and travel side
by 'ide in their own country.
e must also lift by legislation the
bar of discrimination against those who
see entry into our country, particularly
tho e with much-needed skills and those
joi ing their families. In establishing
pre erences, a nation that was built by
the 'mmigrants of all aiads can ask those
whc now seek admission: "What can
you do for our country?" But we should
not be asking: "In what country were
you born?"
For our ultimate goal is a Ix orld with-
out war, a world made safe for diversity,
In hich all men, goods, and ideas can
free y move across every border and every
bou4adary.
e must advance toward this goal in
196 in at least 10 different ways, not as
partisans but as patriots.
First, we must ma ntain--and our
- red ced defense budget will maintain?
that margin of military safety and su-
periority obtained through 3 years of
steadily increasing both the quality and
? the 'quantity of our strategic, our con-
venfional and our antiguerilla forces.
In 1964 we will be better prepared than
ever before to defend the cause of free-
don?whether it is threatened by out-
.eigl aggression or by the infiltration
practiced by those in Hanoi arid Havana
i
wh ship arms and mer across interna-
ton 1 borders to foment insurrection.
An we must continue to use that
stre gth, as John Kennedy used it in the
Cub n crisis and for the test ban treaty,
to emonstrate both the futility of nu-
clea war and the possibilities of lasting
pea e.
S collet, we must take new steps?
and we shall make new proposals at
Bro. 2-13
de-neva?tm aid the contra, and the
eventual aboltion of arms. Mlven in the
abience of agreement we must- not
stockpile arum beyond our needs or seek
an excel of military power that could
be Provo atiee as well as wasteful. And
it is in this spirit that in this fiscal year
we are cittiag back our production of
enriched uranium by 25 percent. We
el
are shutt ng down four plutoniumepiles.
We are cising many nonessential mili-
tary ins ails tons. And it is in this
spirit that we today call on our adver-
saries to do ,he same.
Third, we must make increased use of
our fooll as an instrument of peace,
making 0 aeailable?by sale, or trade,
or loan oil donation?to hungry people in
all nations which tell us of their needs
and accept proper conditions of dis-
tribution,
Fourth, wo must assure our preem-
inence in the peaceful exploration of
outer space, focusing on an expedition
to the meon in this decade?in coopera-
tion with, ott er powers if possible, alone
If necessary.
Fifth, we must expand world trade.
Having rqcog nized in the act of 1962 that
we must puy as well as sell, we now ex-
pect our tra ling partners to recognize
that we Must sell as well as buy. We are
willing to give them competitive access
to our market?asking only that they do
the same for us.
Sixth, we must continue, through such
measures' as the interest equalization tax
as well as the cooperation of other na-
tions, our reel nt progress toward balanc-
ing our inter rational accounts.
This admit istration must arid will pre-
serve the pretent gold value of the dollar.
Seventh, we must become better
neighbors with the free states of the
Americas?w irking with the councils of
the OAS, wi h a stronger Alliance for
Progress, ani with all the men and
Women a this hemisphere who really
believe in liberty and justice for all.
Eighth, we must strengthen the ability
of free nations everywhere to develop
their indepen lence and raise their stand-
ard of tivin g?and thereby frustrate
those who prey on poverty and chaos.
To do this, the rich must help the poor?
and we must do our part. We must
achieve a mc re rigorous administration
of our development assistance, with
larger roles for private investors, for
other industrialized nations, and for in-
ternational agencies and for the recipi-
ent nations themselves.
Ninth, we must strengthen our At-
lantic and Pat ;Mc partnerships, maintain
our alliances and make the Vnited Na-
tions a more effective instrument for na-
tional independence and international
order.
Tenth, and finally, we must develop
with our allies new means of bridging
the gap between the East and1 the West,
facing danger boldly wherever danger
exists, but being equally bold in our
search for now agreements which can
enlarge the t opes of all while violating
the interests )1* none.
In short, I would say to the Congress
that we must be constantly prepared for
the worst am1 constantly acting for the
best.
105
We must be strong enough to win any
war, and we must be wise enough to pre-
vent one.
We snail neither act as aggressors nor
tolerate acts of aggression.
We intend to bury no one?and we do
not intend to be buried.
We can fight, if we must, as we have
fought before?but we pray that we will
never have to fight again.
My good friends and my fellow Ameri-
cans, in these last '7 sorrowful weeks we
have learned anew that nothing is so
enduring as' faith and nothing is so de-
grading as hate.
John Kennedy was a victim of hate,
but he was also a great builder of faith,
faith in our fellow Americans, whatever
their creed or their color or their sta-
tion in life; and fa:th in the future of
man, whatever his divisions and differ-
ences.
This faith was echoed in all parts of
the world. On every continent and in
every land to which Mrs. Johnson and I
traveled, we found faith and hope and
love toward this la:ad of America and
toward our people.
So I ask you now, in the Congress and
in the country, to join with me in ex-
pressing and fulfilling that faith?in
working for a nation?a nation that is
free from want and a world that is free
from hate?a world of peace and justice,
and freedom and abundance, for our
time and for all time to come.
[Applause, the Members rising.]
At 1 o'clock and 16 minutes p.m., the
President, accompanied by the commit-
tee of escort, retired from the Hall of
the House of Representatives.
The Doorkeeper Escorted the invited
guests from the Chamber in the follow-
ing order:
The members of the President's Cabi-
net.
The Chief Justice of the United States
and the Associate justices of the Su-
preme Court.
The ambassadors, ministers, and
charges d'affaires of foreign govern-
ments.
JOINT sEssIam DISSOLVED
The SPEAKER. The Chair declares
the joint session of the two Houses now
dissolved.
Accordingly, at 1 o'clock and 18 min-
utes p.m., the joint session of the two
Houses was dissolved.
? The Members of the Senate retired to
their Chamber.
RECESS
The SPEAKER. The Chair declares
the House in recess until 2 o'clock.
Accordingly (at 1 o'clock and 25 min-
utes p.m.), the House stood in recess.
REFERENCE OF PRESIDENT'S
? MFSSAGE
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the message of the President be
referred to the Comraittee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union and
ordered printed.
The motion was agreed to.
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140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
munist country? This is especially dis-
tressing in view of Secretary preeman's ad-
mission to the wheat subcommittee that he
had denied preferential treatment to at least
one free-world customer a few days before
he granted the bargain to Russia.
The best price friendly countries have re-
ceived recently was 59 cents on December 19.
In his testimony Secretary Freeman 'also
admitted the bargain to Continental was
not on a competitive bid basis, and indeed,
so far as he knew, was the only bid for
durum wheat that day. What is the au-
thority for granting preferential treatment
to Continental?
I respectfully repeat my request that the
export license be suspended until question-
able legal aspects are clarified and until
conflicts in statements by your two Cabinet
officers are resolved.
PAUL FINDLEY,
Member of Congress.,
I challenged the legality of the trans-
action in a letter Monday to the Comp-
troller General, Joseph Campbell. The
text of my letter follows:
DEAR MR. CAMPBELL: I would appreciate
a report at the earliest possible date on ques-
tionable legal aspects of the export transac-
tion announced Friday by the Department
of Agriculture, involving the sale of about
13 million bushels of Durum wheat to Con-
tinental Grain,Co. for resale to Russia.
1. It appears-to me that the Department
of Agriculture exceeded its authority in
granting an abnormally high export sub-
sidy in this transaction.. The rate paid was
721/2 cents a bushel, 141/2 cents a bushel
higher than that granted for recent exports
of the same wheat variety.
In fact, the Wall Street Journal today re-
ports as follows: "Underlining the abnor-
mally big subsidy on the Durum destined for
Russia is the fact that on December 30 the
Department refused to pay a 59-cent sub-
sidy on 110,000 bushels, and on Friday re-
fused to pay 73 cents on 37,333 bushels.
These smaller export deals were for Durum
to be exported to free world destinations."
Most news reports explain the abnormal
export subsidy as an indirect subsidy to
cover part of the cost of ocean shipping.
The Associated Press on January 5, report-
ing the Continental Grain transaction said,
"One Department official questioned about
the possibility that the Durum subsidy in-
cludea both an export and a transportation
subsidy denied flatly that there was a trans-
portation subsidy. But another said the
Department does not contend that no in-
direct transportation subsidy is involved."
These questions arise:
Does the Department of Agriculture have
the legal authority to grant preferential
treatment in establishing export subsidy
rates on durum wheat? It is quite clear that
Continental Grain Co. was singled out for
this special rate. This preferential rate was
not announced publicly to the trade in ad-
vance, and since the announcement of the
Continental transaction, the preferential rate
has been withdrawn.
Did the Department of Agriculture seek
competitive bids before granting the abnor-
mal subsidy? If not, why not? Does the
Department of Agriculture have the author-
ity to grant subsidies on commercial ship-
ping beyond U.S. ports?
If so, does the Department of Agriculture
have authority to include an indire,q trans-
portation subsidy in establishing_ an export
subsidy rate? It is my understanding that
the authority for establishing export subsi-
dies can,not Inc l4cle the cost of transporta:-
tion beyond U.S. ports.
If the hidden reight subsidY is construed
to be legal, is the Government guaranteed
a refund if the freight subsidy is not needed
In its entirety?
2. It appears that the Department of Com-
merce violated its own published regula-
tions in issuing the export License for this
transaction.
I call your attention to Export Bulletin
883 of the Commerce Department, issued
November 13, 1963, which requires each ex-
port license application must be accompa-
nied by form PC 842. This form must list
the quantity, value of commodities involved,
and numerous other details. Was it prop-
erly filled out in advance of the issuance of
the license to Continental? From what I
have learned, it appears impossible that this
requirement could have been met.
This question arises:
Did the Commerce Department have the
legal authority to waive regulations in issu-
ing the export license to Continental?
Prompt attention to this request is in the
public interest, as this bizarre transaction,
if not challenged, may be cited as the prece-
dent for future deals.
Sincerely yours,
PAUL FINDLEY.
Text of my telegram on Monday to the
President:
Respectfully urge that you suspend the ex-
port license to Continental Grain Co., which
Friday received an abnormally high export
subsidy for shipment of durum wheat to
Russia, until questionable legal aspects of
the deal are clarified by the Comptroller
General.
PAUL FINDLEY,
Member of Congress.
THE OTTO OTEPKA CASE UP TO
DATE
(Mr. HOSMER (at the request of Mr.
REERMANN) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, on De-
cember 30, last, the respected American
Security Council issued a paper prepared
by its Washington bureau chief, Frank
J. Johnson, bringing up to date the facts
on the Otto Otepka case. Because of
its important relevance to the national
security, I have asked the paper be here
reproduced in full as follows:
THE CASE OF OTTO OTEPKA
On September 23, 1963, a long-smolder-
ing issue broke into public view when the
State Department served notice on the Chief
of the Evaluation Division of the Office of
Security, Otto Otepka that is proposed to
fire him for actions unbecoming to an of-
ficer of the Department of State. On No-
vember 5, 1963, Otepka's answer to the
charges was disregarded and the action was
carried out subject to appeal and review by
Secretary Rusk.
The reasons given for firing Otepka are
based mainly on charges that he cooperated
with the Senate Internal Security Subcom-
mittee (SISS) in the course of its still
continuing investigation into State Depart-
ment security procedures. The real reason,
however, apparently lies in Otepka's obsti-
nate and conscientious effort to do his job
too well. In trying to keep persons of ques-
tionable character or affiliation out of sen-
sitive Government positions, he made a nui-
sance of himself in the eyes of his superiors.
In placing loyalty to country, as he saw it,
above institutional loyalty to the State De-
partment, he violated the latter's code. In
the eyes of State Department officials, he is
out of step with the times.
Mr. Otepka is a professional security of-
ficer and a good one. He came to the State
Department in 1953 as a personnel security
evaluator under the late Scott McLeod. In
January 8
1960 his State Department efficiency report
noted his long experience with and extreme-
ly broad knowledge of laws, regulations, rules,
criteria, and procedures in the field of per-
sonnel security. He is knowledgeable of
communism and its subversive efforts in the
United States. To this he adds perspective,
balance and good judgment. This was the
last efficiency report he received. His
knowledge for correct procedures and insist-
ence that they be carried out was to lead to
his undoing.
On January 20, 1962, Otepka was down-
graded froin Deputy Director of the Office of
Security to Chief of the Evaluation Division.
This Division has authority to clear persons
who do not, in the judgment of its Chief,
warrant an adverse ruling. Where there is
derogatory information, the case is required
to proceed through higher channels; any
higher official may overrule the Evaluation
Division and grant a clearance, but only the
Deputy Under Secretary for Administration
may concur and suspend the individual.
After hearings are held only the Secretary
of State may actually separate the man.
This procedure has particular application
to Otepka, because it concerns a security
case in which he was importantly involved?
that of William Arthur Wieland. In part,
this case is responsible for Otepka's troubles.
These difficulties really began in 1959 when
the new Director of the Office of Security,
William Boswell, a Foreign Service officer who
was not a security expert, announced that
he was going to eliminate the "McLeod
image." Scott McLeod had been the first
Administrator of the Bureau of Security and
Consular Affairs until 1957. McLeod's strict
procedures succeeded in eliminating many
security risks from the State Department,
though apparently at some cost to the "mo-
rale" of a number of Foreign Service officers.
Boswell proposed to place Foreign Service of-
ficers in a position to check on other Foreign
Service officers?an arrangement to which
Otepka objected in principle.
Otepka personally worked on two major
personnel security cases?John Stewart
Service and William Wieland. Service had
been separated from the State Department
in 1950 for turning over documents to Philip
Jaffe, publisher of Amerasia magazine (a
definitely pro-Communist publication) . He
was ordered reinstated by the Supreme Court
in 1956. In readjudicating his case, Otepka
found that he was not a loyalty risk, but
raised questions as to his judgment and con-
duct. Service was subsequently cleared on
all counts and sent as consul general to
Liverpool. He retired in 1961. Wieland was
a State Department desk officer who had a
hand in shaping U.S. policy toward Cuba,
both before and after Castro's takeover. To
his superiors, he was an apologist for Castro,
although he told friends privately as early
as 1958 that Castro "is a Communist." A
full security check was done on Wieland in
response to an allegation that he, himself,
was a Communist. Otepka's conclusions did
not support this charge, but did raise ques-
tions as to Wieland's integrity, based in part
on falsehoods in his testimony before the
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee.
Nevertheless, Wieland was "cleared" by Roger
Jones, Deputy Under Secretary for Adminis-
tration. He did so in September 1961 on the
basis of only the "digest" of the Wieland
findings, without first obtaining the recom-
mendation of the intervening head of the
Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, and
without notifying the Office of Security of
his decision. Not until January 25, 1962-
1 day after the Wieland case was raised at
a Presidential news conference, was Otepka
notified in writing by Boswell that Jones had,
in fact, closed out the Wieland case. Otepka
objected to these irregular procedures. In
the Service case the procedure in clearing
him had at least been correct; not so in the
case of Wieland.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
prese t parks superintendent, Earl Gaylor,
and . COnmaission chairman, Sam L. Good.
Mr. Wirth, or "Connie" as a few fortunate
local citizens are privileged to call him, has
had proud, distinguished public ,career
and a he voluntarily retires from the De-
part ent of the Interior, he does sa with the
well- ? eserved approving applause of millions
of gr teful people, which We hope will touch
his h art and in some way reward him for
his I felong dedication to the parks and
peopl of America. After retirement, in
Janu ry, we earnestly hope Mr. and Mrs.
Wirt will more often visit Wheeling, enjoy
our riendship, continue to give us wise
coun I as our parks become increasingly
value le each and every year, and rest corn-
forta ? ly in this appreciative community.
[From the Roanoke Times]
A PUBLIC SERVICE W:YI,L DONE
OTIG of this Nation's most important assets
Is its liational park system which comprises
some 00 areas, including 3:. parks, and cov-
ers 26 million acres. Each year the system
draws 100 million Americans to enjoy its
benefits.
On of the men chiefly responsible for all
this i Conrad L. Wirth, who has just retired
after 2 years as Director of the National Park
Servic . Mr. Wirth literally grew up with the
Park erviee, having been with it in all but
the SSt 15 of its 47 years of existence, and
he de erves a great deal cf credit for the
Servic 's popularity both :.n Congress and
amon Americans generally.
The familiar Mission 66 program designed
to gre tly strengthen the national park sys-
tem uas conceived by Mr. Wirth, who then
dilige tly worked for its approval and saw it
well ola its way to fruition when be stepped
down. In this section of Virginia, with its
great national forests and popular Blue
Ridge Parkway, Mr. Wirth is widely known
and h s work appreciated.
Prai e for the Park Service comes from
Sena r BYRD, who said, in commenting on
Wirth s retirement, "I regent the national
park ystera as one of the most worthwhile
of all ederal programs." And Senator BYRD
paid t is tribute to Mr. Wirth in remarks on
the Sc ate floor: "I suspect there is no other
single man in the United States who has
done o much for the healthful recreation
and p ease:ire of so many people, along with
prom ing conservation of our natural re-
source and preservation of our historic
areas.' In retirement as well as during his
more ctive years, Mr. Wirth has earned the
gratit de of millions of Americans.
[From the Conservation News, published by
he National Wildlife I'ederat.on]
Mrs lox 66 A TESTIMONY TO VISION OF
"TOWNIE" WIRTH
As r ported in the November 1, 1963, issue
of Co servation News, Conrad L. Wirth, Di-
rector of the National Park Sercice since
1951, i retiring from office :n January 1964.
torn n 1899, "Connie" Wirth had already
logged many accomplishments and many
years .f park experience when he became
Direct r. He has been a dedicated crusader,
puttin his whole heart inco the preserva-
tion o the parks, at the same time maintain-
ing th t "parks are for people."
Wirt directed the Civilian Conservation
Corps, first the State and c3unty work and
then t e Department of the Interior's entire
CCC p :ogram. This, it has been said, ad-
vance the Nation's park program by at
least 0 years. In 1936, 1.e initiated the
move ent which resulted in passage by Con-
gress ? the Park, Parkway and Recreational
Area S udy Act. But the crowning achieve-
ment f his career is Missian 66, the dra-
matic and hnaginative Nat onal Park Sys-
tem development program which caught the
attent n of the public and won the support
of Co ress by the magnitude of its design.
In the 1 years following World War H, a
deep concer a for the National Parks plagued
Conrad Wir h. The parks were deteriorating.
They had suffer ed through the lean war and
postwar yeaks. Appropriations had been cut
to the bone, all but absolutely essential
work had stopped, and staffs had been
trimmed fci mere skeleton forces. Yet, in
the postwa yee re, droves of visitors flocked
to the parts. Their impact hastened the
deterioratio . , Mearly, something had to be
done to cal' [Iteration to the plight of the
parks. It as then that Wirth conceived a
fresh and oi4jective idea of park development,
and he gave it the name of Mission 66, to
o
commemorate
l 'ark Service. 11 1966 the 50th anniversary
of the Nati
Wirth nained a special task force which
enunciated ;the following guidelines: Preser-
vation of park esources is Et basic require-
ment; substential and appropriate use of the
National Perk Eiystem is the best means of
assuring the per aetuation of the System; and
adequate and aapropriate developments are
required for pu3lic use and appreciation of
any area, and for prevention of overuse.
From this beE inning, the goals of Mission
66 evolved ap: Better public accommodations
and serviceS; campgrounds, roads and other
improvements provided by the government;
a more adequate, better-trained staff; effec-
tive presentntio i and interpretation of the
historic and nE tural scene; acquisition of
needed park lands; cooperative planning for
a national recreation program; and preser-
vation of Wilderness and the historic and
natural scene.
The parks: already accommodate more vis-
itors than the lumber planned for by 1966.
The original: goals are now reachin; achieve-
ment, and Will continue under a new long-
range plan -Ice provide for constantly growing
demands.
Thus, Misaion 66 is a vital force that will
leave its mar* up on the National Park System
and Service; This, in turn, will remain an
enduring tettimany to the vision and dev
tion of Conrad e..... Wirth.
i
i
BRITISH BUS. DEAL WI U-
NIST CUBA PROVES "BUST" OF AD-
MINISTRAITON'S ANTI-CASTRO
TRADE POLICIES
,
(Mr. CR.O.MliiR (at the request of Mr.
BEERMANN): WES granted permission to
extend his ,renr.arks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.) I
Mr. CRAMM. Mr. Speaker, the
British bus de 11 with the Cuban Com-
munist Government proves what a com-
plete "bust!' the administration's efforts
to isolate, . through trade restrictions,
Castro's islitnd fortress have been.
Our lack of real determination to pro-
vide needeid nadership to accomplish
trade restrirtio as is best evidenced by the
administra ion's failure to protest this
deal. This, deal could be accomplished
only with the 3ritish Government's ac-
quiescence.; The opening of an office in
Havana by the British firm, Leyland
Motor, Ltd., rpecifically required ap-
proval by dash o and the British.
Such a sale, with an operating office
in Havana, am mnts to tacit recognition
of the Captro government by Great
Britain and leads to the logical question,
"Is this the first step toward normaliz-
ing trade rela ,ions with Cuba, toward
eventual recognition?"
This is an example of the natural after-
math of the administration's push for
trade of wheat with Russia on credit be-
cause Greait Britain can logically ask,
139
"what is wrong with our trading buses
with the Communists when the U.S. Gov-
ernment is trading wheat on credit with
the Communists?"
It is obvious that the wheat on credit
deal has undercut the strength of our
moral position calling for trade restric-
tions against Communist Cuba in the
eyes of the world. We are reaping the
harvest of this clandestine compromise
already.
The press report covering this bus deal,
from the Washington Post of Wednesday,
January 8, follows:
CASTRO MAKES BIG BLS DEAL IN BRITAIN
MIAMI, January 7.?The Fidel Castro gov-
ernment announced today a $10 million deal
with a British firm in an effort to rehabili-
tate Cuba's broken-down bus system.
Havana Radio said the agreement calls for
early delivery by Leyland Motor, Ltd., of 400
buses with 45-passenger capacity each and
$1.1 million in spare parts.
The broadcast, monitored here, said the
British firm announced it will establish an
office in Havana with commercial and tech-
nical personnel.
In Washington, officials said the adminis-
tration has told Britain it is unhappy with
the sale but has filed no formal protest.
They said the administration was aware of
negotiations between the British firm and
Cubans, and had been in touch with the
British Governfnent on this and other sales
to Cuba for a long time.
ARE TAXPAYERS FINANCING WHEAT
SHIPMENTS TO RUSSIA?
(Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr.
I3EERMANN ) was granted permission to
extend his remarks a.: this point in the
EC RD and to include extraneous mat-
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, to what
extent are the U.S. taxpayers financing
bargain rate shipments of wheat to Rus-
sia? The strange secretly concluded
deal with Continental Grain Co. for ship-
ment of Durum wheat to Russia, just an-
nounced last week, leave many questions
unanswered.
Today I sent this telegram to-'resi-
dent Johnson:
On Monday I requested that you suspend
the export license to Continental Grain Co.
for shipment of durum wheat to Russia
until questionable legal aspects are clarified.
My request is even more urgent and per-
tinent in light of conflicting statements
yesterday by two members of your Cabinet.
The American people are deeply concerned
about this strange new policy of using U.S.
tax dollars to finance trade with the Com-
munists and are entitled to know which
Cabinet officer has the facts straight.
Agriculture Secretary Freeman stated yes-
terday to the House wheat subcommittee
that the 72-cent subsidy approved for Con-
tinental did not include a subsidy for ship-
ping. Mr. Freeman described my ques-
tioning on this point as spurious.
The sam.e day Commerce Secretary Hodges
told a press conference it was his under-
standing that the shipping subsidy was in-
cluded and was the reason why Continental
got the abnormally high subsidy. As the
officer responsible for issuing export licenses
to Communist countries, Secretary Hodges
certainly should know what he is talking
about.
If the shipping subsidy was included, what
is the legal authority for this?
If no shipping subsidy was included, what
authority and justification can be given for
granting preferential treatment to a Com-
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308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - hOUSE
?
sfon for which it is more valuable. At
the same time the owner would be able
to sell his rice acreage allotment and put
other land into the production of this
commodity. I just wonder if by the
great expansion of the Space Program
in the State of Texas we have not twice
enriched the rice producers. Does this
Mean mounting surpluses at the expense
of the taxpayers when the sale of land
for nonfarm purposes could otherwise
curtail production?
Mr. Chairman, I have very serious
Questions about the whole philosophy of
this program.
The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the
Committee rises.
Accordingly the Committee rose, and
the Speaker having resumed the chair,
Mr. DAvis of Tennessee, Chairman of the
Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union, reported that that
Committee having had under considera-
tion the bill (Hit, 3742) to amend the
provisions of the Agricultural Adjust-
ment Act of 1938, as amended, relating
to the transfer of producer rice acreage
allotments, pursuant to House Resolu-
tion 570, he reported the bill back to the
I-Iouse.
The SPEAKER. ,Under the rule, the
previous question is ordered.
The question is on the engrossment
and third reading of the bill.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed
And read a third time, and was read
the third time.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the passage of the bill.
? The bill was passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on
the table.
Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker,
pursuant to House Resolution 570, I ask
for the immediate consideration of the
bill (S. 1604) to amid the Provisions of
the Agricultural Adjustment Act of
1938, as amended, relating to the trans-
fer of producer rice acreage allotments.
The Clerk read the title of the Senate
bill.
The Clerk read the Senate bill, as
follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress casembled, That sub-
section (f) of section 353 of the Agricultural
Mjustment Act of me, as added by Puhlic
Law 87-412, is amended in paragraph (3),
clause (1) thereof, by adding immediately
following the word "acquire" the language
", except for land," and by striking out the
language ", and any land owned by the
transferor to which any of the transferred
rice history acreage may be ascribed".
The Senate bill was ordered to be-read
a third time, was read the third time
and passed, and a motion to reconsider
was laid on the table.
A similar House bill, H.R. 3742, was
laid on the table.
o.rowamoaritwaiMOP.....*??????".'
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr, Speaker,
I Ask unaniMmiS PenZent that all Mem-
bers have 5 legislative days to extend
their remarks on the bill, H.R. 3742, to
amend the provisions of the Agricultural
Adjustment Act of 1938 relating to the
transfer of producer rice acreage allot-
ments.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Missouri?
There was no objection.
EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR D
ASTER RELIEF TO CUBA
(Mr. WILLIS asked and was given
Permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, on Decem-
ber 16, 1963, shortly before the first ses-
sion of the Congress adjourned, a two-
column, page-length ad in the Washing-
ton post appealed, "in the spirit of
Christmas," for contributions to the
Emergency Committee for Disaster Re-
lief to Cuba, with offices at 41 Union
Square West, New York City.
The ad revealed that the chairman of
the organization was Sidney J. Gluck
and the medical director, Dr. Louis
Miller. The contribution coupon in the
ad stated that checks should be made
payable to Elizabeth Sutherland, treas-
urer of the group. The ad further re-
vealed that the three initiating sponsors
of the appeal were Mrs. Ava Helen Paul-
ing, Carleton Beals, and Waldo Frank.
The names of 80 cosponsors of the Emer-
gency Committee for Disaster Relief to
Cuba were listed in the ad. Among them
were 20 clergymen, 7 professors, a judge,
10 doctors?medical or Ph. D.'s?a paint-
er, a sculptor, and some attorneys and
writers.
It was quite an impressive display.
And this display, coupled with the state-
ment in the ad that the Emergency Com-
mittee for Disaster Relief to Cuba "is a
nonprofit organization formed by a group
of U.S. citizens for the purpose of carry-
ing out a humanitarian, nonpolitical mis-
sion," probably succeeded in eliciting
large contributions from readers of the
Washington Post who thought they were
helping a worthy cause.
I wish that the full facts about this
organization and its appeal could have
been made public the very day the ad
appeared in the Post, or within a day or
so after its appearance. Unfortunately
that could not be done, but it is still im-
portant that the facts be given, that the
public knows who is behind this organi-
zation, how and for what purpose it was
formed.
The tact of first importance is that the
appeal in the ad was a hoax, a phony. It
was completely unnecessary. It was
made to serve not the suffering Cuban
People, but the evil designs of their op-
pressors, the enemies of freedom and
humanity in this hemisphere and the en-
tire world.
Before I spell out the hoax in. this ad,
however, I would like to state for the rec-
ord some of the facts about the people
who are the initiators and leaders of the
committee and thus responsible for plac-
ing this Communist-serving ad in the
Washington Post.
Sidney J. Gluck, chairman of the or-
ganization, was identified as a member
of the Communist Party by Mrs. Mil-
January 14
dred Blauvelt, an undercover informant
for the New York City Police Depart-
ment, when she testified before the Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities on
May 3, 1955. She stated that he was a
member of the Flatbush Club of the
Communist Party and, in 1944, was cred-
ited with recruiting 54 new members
for the party. Gluck has served as an
Instructor in the Communist Party's
major training institution in the United
States, the now defunct Jefferson School
of Social Science. As treasurer of the
Medical Aid to Cuba Committee, he was
subpenaed to testify before the Com-
mittee on Un-American Acivities on No-
vember 14, 1962, in the course of the
committee's investigation of that group.
During his appearance, he invoked the
fifth amendment when questioned about
present as well as past Communist Party
membership.
Dr. Louis Miller, medical director of
the Emergency Committee for Disaster
Relief to Cuba, was also medical director
of the Medical Aid to Cuba Committee.
The Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties was unsuccessful in its attempts,
made over a period of many weeks, to
locate Dr. Miller so he could be sub-
penaed to testify in its hearing on the
Medical Aid to Cuba Committee.
Testifying before the Committee on
Un-American Activities in executive ses-
sion in 1951, Louis Budenz, former mem-
ber of the Communist Party's national
committee and managing editor of the
Daily Worker, stated that he had met
Dr. Miller during the 1940's at enlarged
meetings of the Communist Party's na-
tional committee. A 1948 report of the
Committee on Un-American Activities
stated that during the 1940's Dr. Miller
was one of the "principal New York con-
tacts" of Soviet espionage agent, Arthur
Alexandrovich Adams, who is known to
have had information about the atom
bomb in his possession when he escaped
from the United States.
Dr. Miller began his "medical aid" role
In the Communist movement during the
1930's when he served as chairman of
the Medical Aid Bureau of the American
Friends of Spanish Democracy, a cited
Communist front.
Elizabeth Sutherland, a senior editor
for the publishing firm of Simon &
Schuster and treasurer of the Emer-
gency Committee for Disaster Relief to
Cuba, was also treasurer of the Medical
Aid to Cuba Committee. Miss Suther-
land was subpenaed to testify before the
Committee' on Un-American Activities
last year in the course of its investiga-
tion of illegal travel to Cuba. She ad-
mitted in the course of her appearance
that she had been a member of, and had
made a number of speeches at meetings
of, the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
She also admitted having signed an ap-
peal to Great Britain to grant asylum to
the late Dr. Robert A. Soblen, who had
jumped bail and fled the United States
after being convicted of spying for the
Soviet Union and sentenced to life in
prison.
Miss Sutherland, who had been
granted validation by the State Depart-
ment for travel to Cuba, testified that
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CONGRES
ay pasaed the ?the! body by unani-
s consent some mcnths ago.
en the cominittee was considering
It, here was no objection raised; and as
I r ad the report of the committee and
as note the opposing views, it impresses
m that the opposition' is to the farm
pru gram as a whole rather than to this
m aaute Which seeks only to cure an
in qiiity and Which applies to a small
Sc:et, perhaps not over 10 percent,
of he rice Producers in California, Texas,
So th Car&Zria, and parts of Louisiana.
e basic legislation which passed in
19 2 provides that if a rice producer per-
M nently withdraws from the business,
he may transfer his acreage history to
ther producer or producers provided
sells his entire rice fanning equipment
any irrigation not perinanently
Ched to the rani; The difficulty
a ses Over the furtherpreVisier that he
m at sell any land to which the produc-
t' n rice is ascribed. In the States
Co caned, the-allatient is not ascribed
to the Iand and so confusion exists over
th wording which found It way into
P bile taw 412r of the 87th Congress.
?1,17e you: "an eitainDle of just one
in quay Which the present situation has
d eloped, let us take the example of a
f mer who owns 1,000 acres of rice land
d who has, himself, a 100-acre allot-
nt to which he has become entitled to
On smite ,niece cf land other than
ovrii. Then suPpOse he decides to
nel Ve this 100 acres on to his own prop-
y and to rent to 9 other farmers 100
crs each. Anyone g the nine others
rent- Of the rice- business merely
&posing Orhis arotment according
PUblic Law" 4121iiit the Man who hap-
ns to own the iifee:e of land involved has
sell the land.
This was never intended in the original
islation. It is not the wishof the Lte-
rtment of Agriculture. It creates a
est hardship on the landowner;
d should most certainly be corrected:
That is all that ig involved in this
islation---simnly the correction of an
r. RIVERS of South 'Carolina. Mr.
airman, I rise today to give my whole-
arte4 support to H.R. 3/42. This bill
uld return an element Of free enter-
p lie to the ii.efd of rice production. It
ould pe nitproducers nd longer in-
rested in raising -rice Co- tran.sfer their
laments to perhor s who deL wish to
Ise rice, but would no longer require
em to also sell the land involved with
ese allotments. In effect, the land and
e allotment -would no longer be indel-
ly attached to each other.
This bill is of great significance to the
uth Carolina low country. At one
t ue, Charleston was the rice center of
t e /lotion. Indeed, rice production be-
n in Charleston. The first field of rice
America was planted there and, for
arty years, rice planting was an enif-
eritly succestful has ness in that area.
In later years, other businesses re-
laced rice in the low cOuntrY. But the
tential remains. There are those in
y district who wish to reviVe rice plant-
g near Charleston; they feel that it
ill be a million-dcllar business. But
rst they must be able to purchase these
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ICNAL RECORD HOUSE 397
now-um/ed rice allotments--allOtments
which are presently attached to lands
which tle owners do not wish to sell and
the pro ecttve producers do not wish to
buy. H. It. 3742 would remedy this situa-
tion to the E atisf action of all concerned.
I am sire the problem I have just out-
lined is tot ,:onflned to the Carolina low
country alone; it is found wherever rice
is?or vviis--raised. H.R. 3742 is the an-
swer. 1 urg?. all Members to support its
Passage.'
Mr. LEG(1ETT. Mr. Chairman, the
bill before you authored by the distin-
gtiished , gentleman from Texas [Mr.
CLARK THO vison] , should generate no
debate because it is a measure that helps
the little man and costs the Government
and taxPayers nothing.
If you, are going to assume the unreal-
isticticle
atti u that you disfavor all supply-
manage er t programs and you do not
want aty program improved to give
growers more freedom at no taxpayers'
expense thm close your ears and vote
against this bill.
On the other hand if you think it was
right back in 1938 that rather than give
an allotiment to a feudal r.,ce landlord
that the allotment in fact be given to
the tenant, then you should support this
bill. '
As yclu recall we are currently sup-
porting, six crops: Feed grains, wheat,
cotton, tobacco, peanuts, and rice.
CCC losses for the period 1.954 to date:
Corn,' $2.1. billion, CCC losses, 10 years.
Wheat, $4.4 billion, CCC losses, 10
years. '
Grain serghum, $604 million, CCC
losses, TO years.
Cotton, 31.3` billion, CCC losses, 10
years.
Rice--rough, $964,000, CCC losses,
1962-6T.
Frojebtec losses on all commodities
for the cur: ent year are $995 million.
In rite Ye determined in 1938 that it
Was to the tdvantage of the entire coun-
try that we not overplant this commod-
ity.'
Rice 'represents a potentially surplus
comincidity when supply management
has bean successful.
First; Costs have been minimal.
Secotd. We are planting 98 percent of
the allOtmilnts.
Third. We have protected the little
tenants.
The cur .ent bill would further pro-
tect thp te nant because it would allow
him to biKT an allotment without being
saddled with an expensive land pur-
chase. (Rice land is extremely expen-
sive.) Ty enty-five years of operation
has seth no precedent for other commod-
ities.
* Tod
y, as a result of the 87th Congress
legisla ion if a landowner-producer
watts to get out of rice production he
can fit'st, lie and his allotment is sev-
ered from the land and goes to his fam-
ily; seeone, he can sever a portion of his
allotment and give it to members of his
family' third, he can break up a part-
nershik; fourth, he can sell his whole
allotment, his equipment, and land.
If he his no family he cannot retire
from rite unless he dies or gets rid of
his farm. A tenant has this flexibility
and so should the landlord. Many land-
lords have two kinds of allotments?
some affixed to the land and some not
so. The rules should be made uniform.
As a practical matter it is better many
times to rotate rice land, and this is
another reason to support this bill.
At the present time in my State the
only way for anew farmer to get into
rice is to: first, buy a whole farm; sec-
ond, buy a tenant allotment and lease;
and, third, obtain a. new farmer 30-acre
allotment. I believe farmers in the last
two categories should be encouraged and
thus I would ask your support for this
The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will
The Clerk read as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That sub-
section (f) of section 363 of the Agricultural
Adjustment Act of 1938, as added by Public
Law 87-1412, is amended in paragraph (3),
clause (1) thereof by adding immediately
following the word "acquire" the language
except for land," ii,nd by striking out the
language ", and any land owned by the
transferor to which any of the transferred
rice history acreage may be ascribed".
AMENDMENT OFFPRED BY MR. FINDLEY
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Chairman, I offer
an amendment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Amendment offered by Mr. FINDLEY : On
page 1. line 5, strike lines 5 through 9 and
insert in lieu thereof the words "is hereby
repealed".
Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Chair-
man, I make a point of order against
the amendment on the ground that it is
not germane to the bill.
The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle-
man from Illinois desire to be heard on
the point of order'?
Mr. FINDLEY. Yes; I do, Mr. Chair-
man.
Mr. Chairman, the title of the bill
makes it clear that it is to amend the pro-
visions of the Agricultural Adjustment
Act of 1938, as amended, relating to the
transfer of producer rice allotments.
The amendment that I have offered
simply changes the subsection which is
a part of the seclon dealing with the
transfer of producer rice acreage allot-
ments.
The CHAIRMAN (Mr. DAVIS of Ten-
nessee). The Chair is ready to rule.
According to section 2949 of Cannon's
Rule of Procedure, I read:
To a bill amending a law in one particular,
an amendment repealing the law is not
germane.
The Chair rulee, that the amendment
is not germane.
The point of order is sustained.
Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Chair-
man, I move to strike out the last word.
Mr. Chairman, as a city representative
I am somewhat lo it in this maze of Alice
in Wonderland :tam legislation, But
something struck me as I read on page2
of the report on H.R. 3742 the letter from
the anonymous representative of the
Department of Agriculture in which it
appears that one reason for this bill is
to permit some owners of rice producing
land to sell their land for urban expan-
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1964
-1, ? A.
-she haat seen a number of other Ameri-
cans at the Cuban Writers and Artists
Congress which she had attended while
in Havana in August 1961. She refused,
however, to identify these persons for
the committee.
Basil Pollitt, legal counsel for the
Emergency Committee for Disaster Re-
lief to Cuba, was also legal counsel for
the Medical Aid to Cuba Committee.
Over the years, he has been active in
various Communist fronts and has
served several terms as a member of
the board of directors of the New York
City chapter of the National Lawyers
Guild, cited by the Committee on Un-
American Activities as the "foremost
legal bulwark" of the Communist Party.
Years ago he admitted to an investigator
for the Committee on Un-American Ac-
tivities that he attended meetings of the
Young Communist League while a stu-
dent at Harvard. He denied, however,
that he was actually a member of the
group.
Mrs. Ava Helen Pauling, like her hus-
band Linus who was one of the cospon-
sors of the ad, has been active in Com-
munist-initiated peace agitation for a
considerable number of years. Some of
the well-known Communist fronts with
which she has been associated are the
American Committee for the Protection
of Foreign Born, the Emergency Civil
Liberties Committee, the American Con-
tinental Congress for Peace, Everybody's
Committee to Outlaw War, and the Con-
ference of Greater New York Peace
Groups.
,Waldo Frank, one of the initiating
sponsors of the Emergency Committee
for Disaster Relief to Cuba, was the
original chairman of the Fair Play for
Cuba Committee and also a sponsor of
the Medical Aid to Cuba Committee. He
has been active in Communist fronts
since the late twenties and early thirties
when he was a contributor to the Com-
munist magazines, New Masses and
Soviet Russia Today, and also a backer
of the Communist Party's candidates for
President and Vice President of the
United States. At one time, he served as
special correspondent for the Communist
Party's official newspaper, the Worker.
In 1955 he was invited to Red China.
The State Department denied him a
passport and was upheld in this action
by the Supreme Court,
Frank has admitted to the Senate In-
ternal Security Subcommittee that he
was paid $25,000 by Castro's government
to write a book about Cuba.
Carleton Beals, another initiating
sponsor of the Emergency Committee for
Disaster Relief to Cuba, was cochairman
of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee at
the time of its formation. He has been
? active in Communist-front groups since
the late twenties when. he was a contrib-
uting editor for New Masses, Recently
he has written for the blatantly pro-
Communist newspaper, the National
GuarAian,
I mentioned 4efore that the display
of naMes in the ad?the 80 cosponsors?
was One impressive, _I s4oui4 also point
out that a fesg of thon Persons have
been identified as CoMinuntst Party
No. 6-13
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
members and that a large number of
them are well known to students of the
Communist movement in the United
States. They have, for years, been
among the foremost fellow travelers in
the country.
Now, what are the facts about the
need or desirability of any American
contributing to this obviously Commu-
? nist-serving relief organization? In
other words, what was the validity of the
appeal? Was it an honest one or a
fraud?
Hurricane Flora struck eastern Cuba
on October 4 and lashed large parts of
the island for 4 days. It did tremendous
damage to crops, cities and towns, and
took hundreds of lives. Immediate offers
of relief came from all over the world?
from non-Communist nations as well as
those under Red control.
The United States did not hold back
despite the fact that it had severed dip-
lomatic relations with Cuba, the island
is serving as an oversea center for So-
viet subversion of all of Latin America
and an advance Red military base for fu-
ture use against this country. The
American Red Cross and other welfare
agencies, with the knowledge and con-
sent of our Government, offered to send
medical supplies, food, emergency equip-
ment, and relief and disaster specialists
to Cuba?just as they did to Haiti, To-
bago, and other Caribbean areas dev-
astated by Hurricane Flora.
What happened?
Castro's Communist regime accepted
the relief offered by all Communist coun-
tries and organizations and also the re-
lief offered by non-Communist sources?
except for the United States. The Amer-
ican Red Cross offer, of assistance was
turned down.
Castro had decided that he would deny
to his suffering people the benefit of the
funds, equipment, and know-how of the
American Red Cross which, over a period
of many years, has chalked up an out-
standing record of speedy, effective, and
massive relief to victims of disasters in all
parts of the world. Castro had a Com-
munist card up his sleeve, and he was
going to play it no matter how much it
hurt the Cuban people.
He was going to use the disaster as a
vehicle for anti-U.S. propaganda in Cuba
and throughout the world.
He was going to use the disaster in an
attempt to divide the American people
from their Government.
He was going to use it?and this was
his primary objective?to break the U.S.
economic blockade of Cuba and bring
about a reversal of our Cuban policy.
Worldwide, this is a major Communist
objective today because the blockade has
hurt not only the Communist regime in
Cuba but all Communist nations. All
are economically hard pressed, yet they
must keep Cuba going?the Cuba whose
economy was wrecked by the bungling,
waste, and mismanagement of Castro's
Red regime even before Hurricane Flora
struck. Cuba is a drain on the inter-
national Communist economy. The U.S.
economic blockade intensifies the drain.
Castro's first step, following his re-
jection of U.S. aid, was an attempt to
399
justify his action in the eyes of the Cu-
ban people, the American people, and
the world. In typical Communist fash-
ion, he claimed that his decision was
based on his concern for world peace.
On October 11, a Havana broadcast in
English made the following statement:
The Cuban representatives in the United
Nations in rejecting the offer of help used
harsh words not just for the sake of calling
names, but in order to alert the world to
the dangerous role that the U.S. Govern-
ment is playing, for it is an admitted fact
that the warmakers are trying to do exact-
ly what the hurricane did. * * * Is it not
hypocrisy and a fake gesture of generosity
to offer help under such conditions? What
is behind this deception? Is it not to blind
the peace forces to the real nature of the
warmaker's intentionsrto dress up the beast
of imperialism and make it look like -a sweet
kitten?
In refusing to cooperate with a lie, Cuba
may be passing up some food and clothing
and medicines that might have come
through the Red Cross, but it is also pre-
venting the warmakers from putting over a
bluff. In that sense Cuba's rejection of the
hypocritical or demagogic offer is a sacri-
fice that it is making in order to safeguard
the peace of the world, and of course that
is for the benefit of the people of the United
States also.
Another English language broadcast to
the United States on October 14 quoted
from an editorial in the Cuban Commu-
nist newspaper Hoy of October 11, in ex-
planation of why the U.S. offer had been
rejected. This editorial claimed that the
U.S. aid offer was "nothing more than a
cheap way to confuse international public
opinion about the policy of the United
States toward Cuba" and a "trick to
throw the world off guard, through which
the imperialists hope to be able to carry
out their war plan even more effectively."
Castro wanted to do more, however,
than simply brand the United States as a
hypocritical, warmaking imperialist na-
tion. He wanted to use as many Ameri-
cans as he could against their Govern-
ment. He wanted, if possible, to split
American opinion on the question of U.S.
Cuban policy. For this reason, the Oc-
tober 11 broadcast, from which I have al-
ready qucted, directed an appeal for as-
sistance to the American people, as
distinguished from the U.S. Government.
The broadcast reviewed aid that had
been given to foreign Communist causes
in the past through Communist fronts
operating in the United States. It men-
tioned, as examples, the work of the
North American Committee To Aid
Spanish Democracy during the thirties
and the World War II operations of Rus-
sian War Relief. The broadcast stated:
The common people in the United States
have proved by their past action * * " that
they will respond to calls for help just as
generously as the people of Prance, Israel, the
Soviet Union, or any other country, provided
that an organization is present to help them
channel their sentiments.
The last part of that quotation is
most significant and bears repetition:
"Provided that an organization is present
to help them channel their sentiments."
Then the appeal for help was made to
the American people. The Cuban broad-
cast said:
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? 4,00
,,Let ua.renzember that, at the same time
Cuba's Unitee Nations' Ambassador re-
jected an offer of aid from the United States,
also said; "However, we will accept any
offer of help from the North American peo-
pl S, from any U.S. citizen who wishes at this
time to express solidarity with us in any way
he sees fit." Those are the wards of an offi-
cial spokesman of the Cuban Government.
In another English language broadcast
on October ,14, Havana radio stated that
though Cuba had rejected American Red
ClaaSS assistanee'
The first thing to notibe is that the Cubans
have not tiumed their backs on an offer of
riOp from the people of the United States,
but only on offIciel or semiofficial agencies
Of theUS. qovOrnment. We cannot repeat
this too often.
ThiS k]r0114CEISt again quoted the words
Used by the Cuban Ambassador to the
United Nations in rejecting the U.S. of-
fer of assistance:
However, we will accept any offer of help
from any U.S. citizen who wishes at this
time to express his solidarity with us in any
Way he sees fit.
The Havana radio broadcasts did not
fall on deaf ea -s. On October 18, a
"1)ear Friend" letter was mailed from the
post office box of Dr. Louis Miller in
New York to persons who had been on
the znailing list of the Medical Aid to
Cuba Committee when ft was function-
ing. The letter told of the damage Hur-
fleane Vlora, had done to Cuba. It an-
nounced that the signers of the letter
"are working to dispatch shipments of
Medical and relief supplies directly
through hospital institutions as we did
'With, medical aid before." It closed with
an appeal for contributions and word
that oheeks should be Made payable to
Dr. lVfiller. The letter was signed by
Zr. Miller, as former medical director
of the Megical Aid to tuba Commitee;
Sidney 3. luck, as the former treasurer
?of the arganizati on; and Basil Pollit, as
its_former legal counsel.
he Va14. Play" for Cuba Committee
also acted., A few days later, Vincent
'Theodore e, the PPdCs national di-
rector, mailed a letter in support of the
Communist-proznoted relief for Cuba
? drive to giose_ on his group's mailing
list. , Lee, by the way, appeared before
the Coinraittee on _.1:n-American Activi-
kms last year in the courie of its investi-
gation of illegal travel 'to Cuba and in-
voked the fifth amendment on present
Communist Part,' membership. Here are
a few excerpts from the two-page 'ap-
Ileal that Was mailed from the Fair Play
I ar Cuba headquarters in New York City
over Lee's signature:
Already an independent ad hoc committee
of persons With various attitudes toward the
Xfuloan revolution has been formed to con-
duct such a [Cuban relief] program. It i
E s
called the merge icy Gonimittee for Disaster
Relief to Cnba.
It is the will and the desire of the Pair
Play for Cuba Corimittee to use every one of
our reSources to see that this committee slic-
cessfvaly achieves its goal of raising the
funds needed to buy medical supplies and
ilood items Such as powdered milk for chil-
dren in hungry- Cuba. * *
-;We ask you to open yonr hearts and Bend
check for this cause Immediately. * * *
Please, this Is not for the Fair Play for Cuba
Coinmittee, send all moneys for the Cuban
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CONG
ESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE January 1J,
rell1ef to the Entergency C'ommittee for Dis-
ast r i lief to Cilba or Its treasurer.
nal this new committee obtains an office
of tts own we will accept checks at the na-
tiollal office of rair Play but they should be
made cut to the aforementioned organiza-
tion for their use only.
Mr. Speaker, the Fair Play for Cuba
Comm .ttee has been the major pro-
Castro front in the United States since
its organization in the spring of 1960,
a few months after the bearded dictator
sated control of Cuba. Lee Harvey Os-
wald, Excused assassin of President Ken-
nedy, tias head of the New Orleans chap-
ter of his group.
The U.S. Communist Party, of course,
dicl not remain idle. It did just what
we would expect it to do. Within a few
days it, too, had issued an official state-
ment on the Cuban disaster. Havana
Radio played up the statement in an
October 23 broadcast. The full text of
it Was published in the party's news-
paper, the Worker, of October 27. The
statement read in part as follows:
Ike c ll upon the members and friends to
be in toe forefront of this activity [the col-
lection of relief for Cuba] and to spur their
organizations for the collection of urgently
neelded aid.
It ended with these words:
We call upon each and every Communist
to look upon the mobilization for immediate
dislister aid to Cuba as a sacred duty in the
care cf common humanity as well as an act
of solider* binding all those sharing a
coin= a ideal.
Sigr iflcantly, this official Communist
Party statement pointed out that "a
nu,mbe r of people's organizations are al-
ready moving to collect funds, food,
clothing, and urgently needed medi-
cines.'
l'People's organizations," in Commu-
niat parlance, means Communist front
or fellow traveling groups.
The issue of the Worker which carried
the full text of the above statement also
featured an article about the formation
of the Emergency Committee for Dis-
aster Relief to Cuba--and noted that
contributions were to be made payable
tci Dr. Miller at his New York City post
office box.
No "Jommunist or fellow traveler who
reads the Worker could fail to get the
message. Havana radio summarized the
Ctanntunist Party statement in these
words:
the communique also asks all members
and Communist Party sympathizers to head
movements of aid for Cuba. * * * The corn-
milnique concludes by asking each North
Amertfan Communist to consider an im-
media a mobilization to help the people af-
fected by the disaster * * as an act of
solidai ity which is binding on all those who
share ,t common ideal.
the Communist Party fully understood
the political move Castro was making in
rejecting the American Red Cross offer
of help. It knew that Communist front
aid to Cuba was only a secondary aim
and that breaking the blockade was the
major one. The statement therefore
nmde this point:
Tod ty when the heroic people of Cuba,
uider the leadership of Fremier Fidel Castro,
a uidergoint such untold hardships, it
Approved For Releas
must become the immediate duty-41 every
decent American to demand that the prim'
nal blockade be lifted forthwith In order to
allow the full st expression of solidarity
and humanity 'Oy the people of our country
to the people of Cuba.
There must be renewed and concerted effort
on the part of all peaceloving and demo-
cratic-minded Americans to demand that
the Kennedy administration put an end to
the present Cuba policy and embark upon
a new policy of peace and friendship and
normal trade and diplomatic relations. This
IS essential in the interests of our own peo-
ple as well as Cuban people and for world
peace.
The Worker followed this up with an
editorial in the issue of October 29 de-
manding an end to the embargo and
calling on its readers to write letters to
the President and the State Depart-
ment urging such action.
Meanwhile what was the Emergency
Committee for Disaster Relief to Cuba
doing? By November 1, it had an office
and printed stationery on which, under
that date, it mailed out a second appeal
for contributions. This letter was signed
by Gluck as chairman of the new organi-
zation, Elizateth Sutherland as treas-
trer, and Dr. Miller as medical director,
checks to be made payable to him.
Various Communist groups in the
United States which, despite their ideo-
logical differences, have been united in
their support of 'Castro, went to work on
behalf of the Emergency Committee for
Disaster Relief to Cuba. Favorable items
about the formation of the group and its
activities appeared not only in the
Worker, its west coast counterpart, the
People's World., and the National Guard-
ian, but also in the Militant, official
organ of the Trotskyists? and the Work-
ers World, the publication of another
Communist splinter group.
The Communist Party's monthly mag-
azine, New World Review, in its issue of
December 1963, told its readers that they
should support the Emergency Commit-
tee for Disaster Relief to Cuba and called
for an end to the "inhuman embargo
whereby our Government seeks to stran-
gle Socialist Cuba."
The committee was also helping it-
self. It had sufficient funds to place a
half-page ad in the National Guardian
of November '7 and to pay for a full-page,
back cover ad in the November 30 issue
of the Nation magazine. The Washing-
ton Post ad of December 16, which cost
approximately $800. was apparently the
high point in its advertising campaign.
I believe the facts make it incontest-
ably clear that the Emergency Commit-
tee for Disaster Relief to Cuba is a Com-
munist agency?Commupist in its inspi-
ration, Communist in its operation, Com-
munist in its aims.
Contrary to its claim in the Washing-
ton Post ad, it is not carrying out "a
humanitarian, nonpolitical mission."
The ad was a fraud and a hoax. The
committee is designed to exploit the
suffering of the Cuban people in order to
play on the generosity and gullibility of
non-Communist Americans to aid Castro
and Ithrushchev in their efforts to break
the U.S. embargo on Cuba, to undermine
this country's overall policy toward Cuba,
to strengthen Castro, and thus to aid
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?CommUnist subversion throughout Latin
America. Its purposes, to put it bluntly,
are primarily anti-United States.
Even as this committee and other
Communist organizations throughout the
world are pleading for funds to help the
Cuban people, Castro is attempting to
round up 500 Americans who will defy
their Government by visiting Cuba this
summer?with all expenses paid by his
Red regime. This will cost hundreds of
thousands of dollars?a sum which would
pay for extensive relief for the Cuban
people if Castro were at all interested in
their welfare.
But, no, Castro is not concerned with
the welfare of his slaves. He wants only
the expansion of Communist power.
And, unfortunately, there are people in
this country who are all too ready to help
him?and there are newspapers which,
for the money, will assist Communist op-
erations of this type.
Some people wonder about how Com-
munist. fronts get started, how they func-
tion, the disguises they use to conceal
their true purposes?and what those pur-
poses are. The facts about the Emer-
gency Committee for Disaster Relief to
Cuba go far toward answering all (mei-
dons? of this type. This organization is
one that no American loyal to his coun-
try and the principles on which it Is
founded would touch with a 10-foot pole.
PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND THREAT
TO CANAL ZONE
(Mr. DORN asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 minute
and to revise and extend his remarks.)
Mr. DORM. Mr. speaker, President
Lyndon Johnson issued the following
statement this morning at 12:30 a.m.
after a 21/2-hour conference on the Pan-
natna crisis:
The.Upitecl States tries to live by the policy
of the good neighbor and expects others to
do the same.
The United States cannot allow the secur-
ity of the Panama Canal to be imperiled.
We have a recognized obligation to operate
the Canal efficiently and securely, and we
Intend to honor that obligation in the in-
terest of all who depend on it.
The United States continues to believe that
when order is fully .restored, it should be
possible to have direct and candid discus-
sions between the two governments.
I commend President Johnson for his
strong and reassuring statement,
Over the years the American people
have been gravely concerned about Com-
munist agitation, mob violence, and dis-
order all aimed at American ownership
of the Panama Canal. Communist
agents, subversives, and saboteurs from
Red Cuba, Russia, and China are con-
stantly at work to undermine U.S. sov-
ereignty over the Canal.
I joined the distinguished and able
gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr.
noon) and the distinguished and able
gentleman from Alabama [Mr. BELDEN]
and others in opposing the flying of the
Panamanian flag over the Canal Zone
beside the U.S. flag. We knew then that
U.S. acquiescence to this demand would
lead to further demands and eventually
would lead to a demand that the United
States withdraw front the Canal Zone
entirely, placing the Canal under inter-
national control or under Panamanian
control. It is now imperative that we
make no further concessions to Commu-
nist inspired mob violence and the wild
demands and ridiculous charges in Hav-
ana, Peiping, and Moscow.
Mr. Speaker, I again commend Presi-
dent Johnson for assigning to the Pan-
ama crisis the proper priority and for
immediately realizing the grave threat
to the security of the Canal Zone and
thus the security of the United States
and the Western World.
CORRECTION OR VOTE
Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, on roll-
call No. 228 I am recorded as not voting.
/ was present and voted "yea." I ask
unanimous consent that the permanent
RECORD and Journal be corrected ac-
cordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Mas-
sachusetts?
There was no objection.
CORRECTION OF VOTE
Mr. MONTOYA. Mr. Speaker, pre-
viously I made a request with respect to
correcting what / thought should be roll-
can No. 247. Actually, the request
should have related to rollcall No. 248.
On rollcall No. 248 I am recorded as
not voting. I was present and voted
"yea." I ask unanimous consent that
the permanent RECORD and Journal be
corrected accordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
Mexico?
There was no objection.
THEIR PRESCRIPTION: INTEGRA-
TION?U.S. NURSES ASKED FOR
"QUIET, PLEASE"
(Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON (at the
request of Mr. THOMSON of Wis-
consin) was given permission to extend
her remarks at this point in the RECORD,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON, Mr.
Speaker, as you know, my interest in
nursing goes over many, many years, and
I have been particularly interested in
the very effective and quiet way in which
the Negro nurses have been taken into
the American Nurses Association.
The Association for Colored Graduate
Nurses was the first group to amalga-
mate with another organization. This
was due very largely to the consecrated
work of Estelle Riddle and Mable Keaton
Staupers. To my mind, there is no
group in this country who make better
nurses than our colored people. They
seem to have an intuitive capacity for it.
Now that it is possible for them to get
the best training there is, they are able
to project themselves into the work with
their minds and their hands trained?
their hearts already working for the best
for the patient.
The Washington Post on January 5,
published a very interesting article
about Mrs. Staupers and her work. I
have taken the liberty to edit it a little
401
that It may not be too long, but I feel
sure that all House Members will want
to know what is in this interesting
article:
U.S. NURSES ASKED FOR "QUIET, PLEASE"
(13y Louise Durbin)
"Integration in the nursing profession?
We did It quietly. The nursing leaders
thought the quiet way was the best way."
It was Mabel Keaton Staupers, former presi-
dent of the National Association for Colored
Graduate Nurses which merged with the
American Nurses' Association, talking in her
Washington home.
Though she undertook it quietly, the
sprightly, '73-year-old Mrs. Staupers thor-
oughly accomplished her purpose and
achieved equality for members of her pro-
fession.
Today, the State nurses' associations in
every one of the 50 States are integrated?
Georgia was the last to lower the barrier in
1962.
The American Nursing Association itself is
a smoothly operating and integrated organi-
zation that has a full-time department de-
voted to intergroup relations.
More and more Negro nursing schools are
closing their doors as qualified Negro stu-
dents are attending integrated schools of
nursing.
All six District of Columbia schools of
nursing?Capital City at D.C. General Hos-
pital, Catholic University of America, Freed-
men's Hospital, Georgetown University,
Lucy Webb Hayes at Sibley Memorial Hos-
pital, and Washington Hospital Center?ac-
cept Negro nursing students. The number
who enroll Is small?as reflected in the 5
Negro girls out of the total 181 students who
are seeking to become R.N.'s at Capital City
School of Nursing.
Of 178 collegiate nursing programs
throughout the country, 109 had accepted
qualified Negro students by 1961. * *
Today, several of these 12 colleges already
have changed their policies and now admit
Negro students. * ? ?
Negro RN's are accepted as officers M all
branches of the Armed rorces,
More and more hospitals are employing
Negro nurses as members of the staff in all
departments that require R.N.'s. Of the hos-
pitals in the District of Columbia, only Doc-
tors Hospital has not employed Negro regis-
tered nurses to date.
Typical of area hospitals is George Wash-
ington University Hospital, where 94 of the
174 full time R.N.'s employed on the staff
and in administrative positions are Negroes.
But in 1984, when the NAOMI opened its
office in the same New York building with
the other nursing organizations, things were
tough, though the ANA had, since its begin-
nings in 1890, offered membership to all
qualified nurses.
"You must remember that at the age and
time we started, people definitely believed
in segregation," said Mrs, Staupers.
"Frequently I had to send a girl, who came
to my office, back to prepare herself before
she could even be accepted by a good school
of nursing. The dual educational system
in Southern States didn't provide adequate
high school training. And of course we had
to work to get the good nursing schools to
accept Negro students.
PEOPLE IN HIGH PLACES DID THE FRONT-
RUNNING
"How did we get nursing schools and hos-
pitals to accept Negro students and R.N.'s?
You can't do it all alone. The most impor-
tant thing is that you have to get people in
high places to understand the problems and
do the front-running," explained the remark-
able pioneer.
"For years Catholic University didn't ac-
cept Negroes though it was the only place in
Washington where nurses could take grad-
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it has conducted to eliminate discrimination ATTORNEYS SOCIALIZE
in nursing education and employmet.
And the remarkable Mabel Staupers has (Mr. POFF (at the request of Mr.
told her own story, of her tireless, unceasing THOMSON of Wisconsin) was given per-
campaign in her book, "No 'Time for Preju- mission to extend his remarks at this
dice," which was published by the Macmillan point in the REcORD, and to include ex-
Co. in 1961, traneous matter.)
402pproved For Release 2003/010246
nate work. /n 1936 we appealed to the Cath-
cilia Interracial Council and asked them to
change the situation themselves. They did."
Mrs. Staupers recalled another incident:
"A Negro who had applied for admission to
Yale Graduate School of Nursing was told she
would be happier in a Negro school.
"I wrote her and told her nursing at its
best was a lot at hard work and the most
important thing was to get the best qualifi-
cations?you didn't go to nursing school to
be happy.
"Then we appealed to a member of the Yale
board, Dr. ADS011 Phelps Stokes. He under-.
stood the problem. In 1946 the first Negro
nurse graduated from a Yale collegiate nurs-
ing course.
"One of the greatest champions we ever
had is Representative PRANCES PAYNE BOLT
TON, Republican, of Ohio. She spearheaded
the opening of the Wesern RIDSOTH3 Univer-
sity school of nursing?which is named for
her?to Negro students in 1946."
The Barbados-born and Harlem-bred Mrs.
Staupers recalled other parts of the NACGN
nursing history of her time.
"Only tour of the some 200 hospitals in the
New York metropolitan area employed Negro
nurses in 1937?Lincoln, Harlem, Seaview,
and Riverside.
"And in the few hospitals in the North
where Negro RN's were employed there were
subtle ways to differentiate-1f a Negro nurse
was given a supervisor's job, she wasn't given
the title or pay that went with it."
When Mabel Staupers went to bat for the
NACCIN, she put her appeal for equal pay
for Negro nurses to hospital boards strictly
on an eConomic basis.
"We pointed out that a Negro nurse had
to pay just as much for her uniform and
shoes RS a white nurse did," she explained.
"We were trying to win our fight for the
tuning profession and policies?to give the
best patient care?not just for Negroes. The
most precious friends the Negro nurses had,
in both the North and South, were the white
nurses who took up the fight with us?and
for us," she continued.
"When a person is ill, the average patient
would never refuse a Negro nurse so long as
he knows the hospital is responsible for the
nurse's qualifications. Qualifications are all-
important," she stressed.
During World War U, a quota of Negro
nurses were accepted in the Army?then
relegated to serving prisoners of war or
segregated Negro troops. The Navy refused
to accept Negro nurses.
Then, after endless redtape and talk with
generals and admirals, Mrs. Stumm was
received in November 1044, by Eleanor
Roosevelt, who listened carefully and
sympathetically to the-problems. By Janu-
ary 1945, the Navy Nurse Corps announced
it would accept nurses regardless of race,
and, at the same time, discrimination in the
Army was on the wane.
The smooth blending of the NACC1N into
the ANA took place 12 years ago, in 1961,
without fanfare or fuss. An intergroup rela-
tions department had been set up' within
the ANA in 1946 so that by the time the
NACGN disbanded in 1961, the ANA and Its
predominantly white membership were well
prepared for the merger.
"We dissolved our corporation, and turned
our well-being over to the ANA," Mrs.
Staupera said simply.
Ironically, it was the Negro girls who had
to be prepared for integration when it came.
"We went all over' the country urging the
girls to Join State nurses' associations when
they did open their doors to qualified Negro
graduate nurses. We told them If they
didn't join and participate, we couldn't help
them, for we were working for nursing and
policies, not just Negroes.' she explained.
Today, the nursing profession, represented
A41; ANA, is _proud of the continuing cam'ovegleFaoReieaseri0031.0.026
TIME FOR COOL HEADS
(Mr. KEITH (at the request of Mr.
TnomsoN of Wisconsin) was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the REcoRD, and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, all of us
are well aware that the situation con-
fronting both the United States and
Panama is ominous. Now as much as at
any other time in the history of our rela-
tions, all sensible, diplomatic means
should be used to reach an agreement
and understanding which will be mu-
tually satisfactory to both the United
States and Panama. Our long-term in-
terests and those of Panama are iden-
tical and demand the continued and
efficient operation of the canal. In this
connection, I would like to call an ex-
traordinarily reasonable and farsighted
editorial from the Standard Times of
New Bedford of January 11, 1964, to the
attention of my colleagues.
[From the New Bedford (Mass.) Standard-
Times, Jan. 11, 1964]
TIME volt Coot HEADS
It would be a terrible tragedy if hot-
headed young Panamanian leftists, and
American students who should know better,
were allowed to provoke a permanent break
between the United States and Panama.
The situation in the Canal Zone is made
to order for Fidel Castro. He is only too
aware of the undercurrent of ilIwili against
the United States in Panama and he fans
the flame at every opportunity, hoping to
force Washington to abandon the Canal
Zone.
The United States has no intention of get-
ting out. It Is in the zone by mutual agree-
ment between the two countries, pays sub-
stantial wages to those who operate the
canal, and needs the zone as a lifeline be-
tween the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
The United States has been regularly
wanting new and more generous economic
and political concessions to Panama. Last
January, this country permitted Panama to
claim titular sovereignty over the Canal
Zone, and agreed that flags DORI both coun-
tries would fly side by side over 16 designated
locations.
The agreement when into full effect Jan-
uary 1, 1964, but American high school stu-
dents broke it this week when they raised
the American flag at a nonauthorized spot
in front of Balboa High School despite an
appeal from Robert J. Fleming, Jr., U.S.
Governor of the zone.
Young Panamanians, spurred on by Fidel-
leas, then attacked the U.S. Embassy, de-
stroyed American property and fired on U.S.
troops who were forced to return the fire.
The result: At least 20 dead, about 200
wounded and the most serious disagreement
yet between Panama and the United States,
Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, an item ap-
peared in the December 20 issue of the
Washington Star which may have
escaped the attention of some lawmakers
and in which, in my judgment, every law-
maker and law practitioner should take
an interest. I quote herewith the news
article which is datelined Warsaw:
Poland's 6,700 lawyers will be forced into
collectives under a measure ending private
legal practice in the Communist nation.
The bill was passed last night by Poland's
Communist-dominated Parliament with only
five opposing votes. Although a client may
still select his own attorney, fees will be set
by the Government and paid to the lawyers'
association. Part of the income will be di-
vided equally among all members of the col-
lective and part in proportion to the work
they do.
Sponsors of the bill argued that legal fees
were too high for ordinary people.
Mr. Speaker, many lawyers seem un-
concerned about the fact that some peo-
ple in America would like to see the
medical profession socialized. Because
they are not personally and immediately
concerned, they have closed their eyes
and ears to the threat. Lawyers would
do well to come to the aid of their sister
profession. Who can say that the next
Proposal might not be "Legal Aid to the
Aged," and next "Medical and Legal Aid
for Everybody."
MASSACHUS CITIZENS FOR
PRAYER
(Mr. BECKER (at the request of Mr.
THomsoN of Wisconsin) was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD, and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. BECICER. Mr. Speaker, I am in-
serting herewith "A Challenge to Ameri-
can Democracy," by the Massachusetts
Citizens for Prayer in Public Schools.
This is a bona fide organization of good
solid American citizens and I am certain
anyone reading this, will be able to de-
cide for themselves just what it is Ameri-
cans want, and that they do not intend
that Almighty God and prayer, be barred
from our society, public and otherwise
This organization has been intrumental
In calling discharge petition No. 3 to the
attention of many of the Members of the
House from Massachusetts as well as of
other States. I commend this to your
attention.
THE PRAYER AMENDMENT: A CHALLENGE TO
AMERICAN DEMOCRACY
Once upon a time there was a country, a
democracy, which had a congress of several
Panamanian president Roberto Chiari has hundred Members. When the highest Court
demanded a cOmplete investigation of the in that country banned prayer and Bible
flareup by the Organization Of American reading from its public schools, nearly 160
States. The United States should have no Congressmen filed proposals to amend the
objection to a fair and unbiased examination Constitution to return the longstanding
of the situation, and has ordered a full-scale practice of such prayer and to forestall
inquiry on its own, further judicial inroads into other cherished
In the meantime, each side would gain instances of public reverence. This was a
by a return to normal operations in the high percentage. At the same time many,
Canal Zone. Anything less would permit though not all, of the religious leaders of
Communist agitators to ply their trade and the country denounced the Court's action
tretgaRDP07131161446R000500080005eg
dangerous precedent Besides
ENGLISH BUS DEAL WITH CASTRO ADDITIONAL SETBACK FOR U.S.
_DIPLOMACY CHARGE66/AY: Eagpiii4agiziekki3F0KcjaA A FREE CUBA
Approvea ror Kelease zuu.s/ aim
(Mr. CRAMER (at the request of Mr. SHRIVER) was given
permission to extend his remarks at this point in the . . .
1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
RECORD, and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, since last
week 'when the Bilglish trade with the
Communist Cuba bus deal CaMQ to pub-
lic attention, I demanded the State De-
partment t file a protest with the Brit-
ish and I insisted upon an effective trade
ban against Castro's Cuba.
The Citizens' CoMmittee for a Free
Cuba has since charged that this deal
amounting to $12.2 million is the lat-
est in a .series of setbacks in U.S. di-
plomacy."
The committee cites tie sale of Ca-
nadian wheat to Russia, with a portion
set aside for Cuba," the increasing num-
ber of spare parts reaching Cuba for in-
dustrial plants and- this bus deal as
showing the "porousness" of U.S. poli-
cy.
I enclose in the RECORD the full text
of the Cftiaens' Committee for a Free
Cuba press release of January 10, 1964,
which gWes a full review of the bus deal,
points Out the further implications of
the bus deal in that Cubars transport
system was bogged -crown as the -result Of
effectiVe sabotage on the part of the Cu-
ban people and "the Leyland bus deal
goes far in getting him?Castro?off a
very serious hook with his own rebel-
lious subjects."
The committee joins in a call I have
been making, for some time for "greater
determination" on the part of the Unit-
ed States in our policy of "isolation"
of Cuba. .
ENGLISH Bus SALE UNDERMINES CUBAN
RESISTANCE
The current sale of 450 Leyland buses by
England to Castro, with adequate supplies of
spare parts included, is the latest in a series
of setbacks in U.S. 'diplomacy; The deal
amounts to 912.2 million.
The sale of Canadian wheat to Russia, with
a portion set aside for Cuba, and the in-
creasing numbers of spare parts reaching
Cuba through various unauthorized c.han-
neIs for Castro's desperate industrial plant,
underscores the porousness of U.S. policy.
Perhaps the most important effect which this
porousneas has had, and will continue to have
unless something drastic is done, will be on
the determination of the Cuban people to
continue their resistance to Castro's Commu-
nist regime.
Perhaps inadvertently, possibly deliberate-
ly, the determination of the United States
and the free World to maintain and strength-
en its economic blockade has been matched
by an equal determination of the Cuban peo-
ple to sabotage the regime Out of business.
Breakthrough now by Castro in essential
transport, represented by the purchase of
buses, cannot but have a weakening effect
on the future resistance of the Cuban people.
It may presage future deals by our own al-
lies, triggered,- some lawmakers maintain, by
our own Government-sponsored sale of grain
to Russia .and Iron Curtain countries. Our
policymakers who hope and expect the Cuban
people to continue their resistance, and Cas-
tro effectively undermined, can only see their
policy smashed by spare parts, wheat, and
other grain deals.
If, over the past several years, our Govern-
ment had told the story of Cuban resistance
to our press and made it a point of policy to
relate this resistance to its economic embar-
go, perhaps the stake of all, including our
allies, would be more readily understood. In-
stead, the embargo has been handled as a
part of impersonal economic relationships
between nations without regard to human
Values to which it should have been related.
Here is a partial history of the partially
effective U.& economic blockade on Castro's
transportation, the contributions which have
been made by the Cuban people themselves:
In 1958 there were 303 urban, interurban,
municipal, and provincial bus companies in
Cuba which operated 4,459 passenger buses.
Many of these companies were run as highly
efficient and democratic cooperatives. A large
percentage of bus drivers owned their own
air-conditioned, modern U.S.-built buses,
with automatic transmissions, and Cuba had
bus service unequalled anywhere in the
Caribbean or Latin America.
Castro and the Communists seized the bus
lines arid incorporated them into state-run
enterprises. In defense of their rights,
former owner-drivers who were then im-
pressed into working for the state, set about
sabotaging the Government lines. They per-
mitted people to ride free; they "managed"
to miss bus stops; drove into groups of Com-
munist demonstrators; and in many cases
actually burned their vehicles. Their ex-
ploits were documented from 1961 on?in
daily accounts in RevoluciOn and Hoy of ar-
rests and confinement. Of some 3,000 anti-
Castroites rounded up and jailed in a tunnel
in Principe Prison on April 17, 1961, the fate-
ful day of the landing at the Bay of Pigs, 258
were bus drivers, another 183 were con-
ductors., and still another 102 were taxi
drivers. In February of 1963, Minister of
Transport, Omar Fernandez, publicly de-
nounced Cuba's bus drivers as "the most
counterrevolutionary element in our coun-
try."
The combination of shortage of parts and
sabotage reduced the number of buses op-
erating in Havana from 1,400 in 1958 to fewer
than 800 in 1963. These figures were sup-
plied by Hoy itself on March 27, 1963. Of the
800 left in service, the bulk of them were of
Czech make, with manual transmissions, no
air conditioning, and no safety glass or stor-
age facilities for baggage. Ill adapted to
Cuba's terrain and weather, the Czech buses
constantly broke dawn and were easy targets
for the sabotage visited upon them by their
drivers, maintenance men, and conductors.
Passengers slashed the seats and broke the
doors.
The breakdown in transport also made it
difficult for factory and office managers to
determine virelither absenteeism which was
plaguing the regime was deliberate or was
due to the breakdown in public transporta-
tion, as the confusion in industry mounted.
The regime desperately tried to overcome the
critical situation by impressing domestic
servants into learning to drive confiscated
private automobiles and assigning them to
routes as "popular transport." This merely
increased the traffic hazards. By the time of
the sale of BritiSh Leyland buses, the Castro
regime was reduced to using Soviet military
trucks, equipped with makeshift benches
and a small ladder extending down from the
tailgate.
Last May, Omar Fernandez excoriated
Cuba's taxi drivers who, like their colleague
bus driver-owners, had been deprived of their
autonomy and virtually of a livelihood.
Speaking at the National Congress of Taxi
Drivers, he charged that their ranks are
"filled with negative elements, bums, and de-
linquents." He threatened that those "who
do not stop to pick up passengers will be
severely punished." Describing their atti-
tude as "one of anarchy," Fernandez called
for tighter controls. Just prior to his out-
burst, in March of 1963, nine cab drivers
were put on trial for "displaying an unco-
operative attitude and a failure to maintain
revolutionary vigilance during the night
hours." The implication was that they
either were working against the regime as
members of the resistance or had refused to
become informers for the Comr4Unists. In
an editorial last May 18, Hoy accused bus
drivers of "running their buses onto the
curbs without regard for their tires."
297
Last August 27, the Department of Public
Order (the secret police) Issued an order
which set up "popular tribunals to judge
those workers in the field of public trans-
portation for their infractions." Those
found guilty were sent to the concentration
camp of Guanahacabibes in Pinar del Rio
Province. "Popular tribunals" also were em-
powered to determine, among the public
transport drivers, those who "drove crazily
and without regard for the equipment." A
militiaman was assigned to each eight drivers
to "watch their attitudes." In September,
Cuban workers were required to fill out forms
indicating the types of transportation used,
the names of the drivers, and "observations."
Cuba's railways?also administered by the
Ministry of Transport?have been struck as
well by sabotage. From December 28 of 1962
through the middle of February of 1963,
Cuban saboteurs caused three major train
wrecks. They occurred In Las Villas, Matan-
zas, and Pinar del Rio Provinces.
Workers at sugar mills did their share, as
well. In checking the falling sugar produc-
tion INRA headquarters "noted" the extraor-
dinary number of accidents, with locomo-
tives. Sugar Central Josefita in Havana
province radioed that it had only one loco-
motive in operation. "The other," said the
radio operator, "had been derailed." /NRA
headquarters asked for a full explanation
and dispatched an inspector to the mill to
investigate, stating that "there is not an
extra locomotive in all of Cuba."
In a 3-week period from the end of Febru-
ary to the middle of March, a rash of reports
sent to LNRA in Havana told of locomotives
being derailed at sugar mills. Sugar Central
Mercedes in Matanzas Province reported on
February 27 that "a train had been derailed
while transporting cane to the mill."
On March 9, the Cuban Government re-
vealed that another train wreck had taken
place near Ciego de Avila, Camagtiey prov-
ince. The engineer of one of the trains and
several others were killed in the crash. The
Government announced that the balance of
the train crews "have been detained by
agents of public order."
In February, the radio operator of the
provincial delegation of sugar mills foi
Camagiley radioed Havana that "the people
most against us are those at the sugar mill
of San Francisco." On March 20, the head
of the sugar mills for the province stated
that "anti-Government groups spread the
rails of the lines at the sugar mill of San
Francisco, causing the derailment of two
trains."
The inability of Omar Fernandez to stem
the tide of sabotage led, just last month, to
his being ousted and replaced by Faure Cho-
mon. Yet, last Wednesday, January 8, Ha-
vana's Radio Progreso revealed that train
wrecks were still continuing, and were the
result of sabotage:
"An important meeting was held at the
Cuban-Spanish (Communist) Friendship So-
ciety by the railway workers where agree-
ments of the National Railway Council were
approved.
'With respect to the train wrecks, it was
agreed to ask the State Railway Enterprise
and the Ministry of Transport to punish
those responsible. [They] should be pun-
ished uniformly and inflexibly with a 1-
year's suspension of work without pay or
enjoyment of any benefits of labor legisla-
tion. After the year of suspension, they
should spend another year earning a lower
salary at lower position than before. In the
case of being implicated in a train wreck,
those responsible should be taken before
the State Railway Enterprise, the labor
union, and before the courts."
The announcement also admitted to the
disappearance of essential property: "To
combat theft, the State Railway Enterprise
and the union will both support action
against the thief, including his final and
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CONGRE
c inplete punishment ad indictment before
t e courts."
The calumny heaped upon bus and taxi
ivers extended to porters: "It was also
a eed to suspend and punish those porters
w o refuse to load baggage."
An effort to do away with taxi drivers was
c.ntatiied in the resolution to "study the ad-
v sabiltty of using the 'popular transport' to
d lye passengers and so put an end to the
a uses of some taxi drivers and auto own-
It it clear that the Castro regime itself
^ lates the breakdown of Cuba's transport
s stein to effective sabotage on the part of
t e Cuban people. The Leyland bus deal
goes far in getting him off a very serious
h..k with his own rebellious subjects. If
or our allies sell Castro planes for his
rlines, trains for "interprovincial travel,"
a d taxis to be driven by militants of the
C nununist Party, whtch he said he was
d terreined to purchase abroad, our policy
o "isolation" will have been turned into a
ajor disaster. Our Cuba policy, which has
b-en under bipartisan fire, will have col-
,psed entirely. From all indications it
.uld appear that this growing trend must
It.t only be stopped, but rolled back with a
eater determination than has yet been
splayed.
KENTUCKY'S RETURN TO THE
MAJOR LEAGUES
(Mr. CHELF (at the request of Mr.
oGEF.s of Colorado) was given permis-
s on to extend his remarks at this point
the REcoan, and to include extraneous
atter.)
Mr. CHEL.P. Mr. Speaker, for the
St time in over 60 years Kentuckians
ye an opportunity to secure a major
1 ague baseball club. The city of Louis-
v lie has always been a splendid baseball
wit She was a.member of the National
ague as far back as 1876, and had a
f anchise with them from 1892 to 1899,
a tine when Louisville's present base-
11 critics were unborn, unknown, and
-diapered.
Ever since I was E4 small child I can
^ all the accomplishments of our Louis-
lie "Colonels." It hasn't been but a few
ars ago when it beeame apparent that
r minor league Louisville team had run
to financial difficulty and it was most
eartwarming, refreshing and stimulat-
g to witness the eager and voluntary
s pport of Kentuckians as they rallied
ound the Louisville ball club by pur-
e awing enough stock to bail the team
t. If Kentuckians would do this for a
riple A" club I submit that they would
verwhelmingly support Charles 0. Fin-
1 y's major league team.
Yea, Mr. Speaker, I was just a kid in
t e old Louisville Masonic Widows and
rphans Home wl,en I first heard
rownup's" talk about traveling to
S eh cities as Cincinnati, Chicago, St.
Ws, and others in order to see a major
gue ball game. Mr. Speaker, this
ractice has been .standard operating
rocedure in Kentucky far too long. We
eserve a major league ball club. We
an, and I sincerely believe, we will be
ble to support it.
Our State, county, and city officials
ave joined with all of us who have the
onor to represent our Commonwealth
the Nation's Capitol?irrespective of
arty affiliation?in order to make this
ransition of the Atiletics possible. Not
SIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
only i Kentucky's officialdom united;
but what's. more important, the vast
majority cf Kentucky's over 3 million
people are likewise behind this move.
Mr. Speaker, no more than I had
learnecl that our energetic Mayor Wil-
liam Ceavgar of Louisville and our fine
young , KBntucky Governor, "Ned"
Breathitt, had caused to be signed a con-
tract with that courageous Charles 0.
Finley,, sol3 owner of the Athletics, in
which the 3tate of Kentucky had agreed
to spend over a half-million dollars in-
creasing tie seating capacity in the sta-
dium Of the Kentucky State Fair-
grounds from 20,000 to over 30,000 and
had agreed on terms for the 1964-65 sea-
sons, *an I heard that the other base-
ball ch1bs .n the American League were
opposed to this very legitimate contract
that had been entered into by and be-
tween !the sovereign State of Kentucky
and the complete owner of a very legiti-
mate business enterprise.
Mr. Speaker, this situation brings rise
to the veil practical question as to just
who owns the Kansas City Athletics fran-
chise?the man who put his money on the
line at the time he purchased it or these
self-appointed and self-anointed repre-
sentatives of the various clubs of the
Ame,ridan eague?
Mr. Sps taker, when these interested
parties possessing possibly several shares
of stock in an incorporated club?these
"glass docr fronts"?not a sole owner
of a ball club?such as Finley?take on
their hblie athan-thou, go-thither look?
their Chess-cat grin, their affidavit ex-
pressions, and their funeral mannerisms
of "gloom doom, and tomb," we had
better look out because, in my opinion,
bad tremble lies ahead for every legiti-
mate busir ess in America. If these base-
ball clubs are allowed to dominate, con-
trol, pressure, and even intimidate a fel-
low alb cwner, a horrible precedent is
being established contrary to the Con-
stitution and the laws of our land. This
is, as I see it, legalized blackmail in that
it absolutaly forces one?against ones
will to do tv not to do?or to perform or
not to perform an act that may be preju-
diced or datrimental to one's self or best
interests.
Mr. Spe aker, in a letter written to me
by the Honorable Ford Frick, baseball's
commiSsioner, dated May 21, 1958, he
stated that he was opposed to the then
Celler *bill. H.R. 10378, on the grounds
that:
It wotuld threaten baseball and other sports
with eficilees litigation of every sports rule
and agieerr ent.
He went on to say that:
AlthOugh baseball is opposed to the Celle,:
bill it 4 str mgly in favor of legislation which
will give fair treatment to all four organized
team sgort by declaring a clean-cut exemp-
tion of the s sports practices from the anti-
trust laws.
So, Mr. Speaker, baseball knows when
It has r ge,od thing, and I do not believe
that si e will make a move that will jeop-
ardize hex rather unique and cloistered
position.
Mr. Speaker, if the time ever comes?
God fcrbiet?in America that a bona fide,
absolute, sole owner of any type or form
of busnesa cannot sell, transfer, convey,
January 13
loan, hypothecate or in any other manner
trade, barter or even give his interests
away without a group threatening or
coercing him, that is the day that there
should be introduced before my com-
mittee, the Judiciary Committee of the
House of Representatives, appropriate
and remedial legislation, not only to in-
sure justice with respect toward property
rights but an accompanying resolution
that would seek to inquire into this whole
blasted mess of baseball.
If major league baseball is to enjoy its
present immunity, its status of isolation-
ism, its inner sanctum, its holy of holies
of preferential treatment; if baseball
seeks to continue to be over, above and
away from the worry pangs of antimo-
nopoly and its legal application, then her
leaders, such as Mr. Joe Cronin, presi-
dent of the American League, and the
Honorable Ford Frick, baseball high
commissioner, should wake up, come
down off of their cloud No. 14, get their
feet on the ground, take a good, long
breath of fresh air, get in the amen cor-
ner, adopt a new kind of baseball reli-
gion, acquire a new code of baseball rules
and ethics or they are headed for a fall
like mother's bread when her oven door
slams.
Mr. Speaker, when it became known
that Finley had signed a contract with
Kentucky to transfer his ball club there?
listen to this written order by Mr. Joe
Cronin, American. League president, to
Charles 0. Finley. Among other things,
he said:
I therefore, as president of the American
League, direct you to refrain from any
further arrangements and await the deter-
mination of the American League concerning
the matter.
This is a form of a threat.
Mr. Speaker, boiled down to simple,
plain, unadulterated, foothills of Ken-
tucky language, this is not a fight
between the cities of Kansas City and
Louisville. It is far more fundamental
and basic than that. I agree with Shirley
Povich, that great sportswriter for the
Washington Post, when he said:
Will a club owner be ousted from the
league for the first time in history if he chal-
lenges the league's right to make him con-
form?
And how would they make him con-
form? Naturally by pressure and other
illegal means.
Mr. Speaker, I can understand why an
individual might be blackballed from his
acceptance into a lodge, but I must con-
fess that I am at a loss to understand why
a group of men representing other Ameri-
can League clulas are permitted to
threaten, intimidate or in any other man-
ner, push, shove or force a bona fide, sole
club owner, literally out of business when
it is known that such action will produce
hardship, financial loss, and even the
destruction of his very own "civil
rights." If we are to have a civil rights
bill, maybe baseball ownership rights
ought to be made a part of that list.
PAUL ROBESON RETURNS FROM
SELF-EXILE
(Mr. WAGGONNER (at the request of
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado) was given per-
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? HOUSE
self from the garage and basement below
and does not mean, as the word might imply,
that the Center will be an empty shell.
But even though the Center will be com-
plete with seats and lights and chandeliers
and drinking ? foUntains, it will still, in a
sense, bean empty shell until it comes alive
as a showplace Of American culture.
This perhaps, will be the Trustees' most
difficult task--one that has probably been
complicated at least a little by the large Fed-
eral contribution that has now been prom-
Wed.
Although it is planned that the Center
Will be self-supporting and that there will be
no need for annual Federal appropriations, it
Would be naive not to assume that at least
some Members of Congress would take
lively interest in what goes on at the
Kennedy Center.
'PRESSURE FEARED
, .
Representative LINDSAY, Republican, of
New York, raised this question briefly during
House debate on the bill last week and asked
' if the Center would not be subject to the
same pressures as the cultural exchange pro-
'gram.
Representative SCHWENGEL, Republican, of
Iowa, said he looked forward to hearing the
=mid of Meredith Willson played at the
Center. Certainly, no member of the Cen-
ter's Trustees can look forward to explaining
to any Member of Congress why he can't hear
the music he likes or see the drama of his
State at the Kenendy Center.
As the Nation's first living Memorial to
a President, the Kennedy Center undoubt-
edly will arouse questions of what is ap-
propriate in a Presidential memorial. The
Bolshoi Ballet might well perform at a na-
tional cultural center, but someone is sure to
ask if Russian Communists should perform
in a center erected to the memory of an as-
sassinated President.
Tomorrow the Center's Trustees will hold
their annual organizational meeting at 2
p.m. at 1701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., fol-
lowed by a meeting with the Center's Ad-
visory Board at the State Department.
Mr. Stevens said he expected the meetings
to be routine, but it was apparent that he
and his colleagues had already begun to grap-
ple with the problems that lie in the next
21/2 years of construction and- yond., '
The United Kingdom our closest ally, is
betting not only the Castro will still be run-
ning Cuba 5 years from now but that the
country will be fiscally sound with a Surplus
to pay off debts.
It is hard to imagine a more devastating
critique of our policy In relation to COM-
raunist subversion next door.
The blow is compounded by the fact that
West Germany, France, Japan, and Spain
competed with Britain for the privilege of
bailing Castro out of his transportation
morass.
Our policy of toppling Cuban communism
by economic containment is sunk without a
trace.
Willingness of the British to deal with the
enemy of all democratic governments in the
Americas?and tossing it off as routine?
should not be too surprising. England, as
Ed Lahey put it in the Herald yesterday, has
been known to rise above principle when a
quick dollar was to be earned.
We must admit also that our containment
tactic was never firm and sure handed. It
was full of leaks. We never really cracked
down, as we said we would, on Allied ships
bearing goods to Castro.
If the economic blockade ever served a
purpose, it is ineffective now. Castro has
proven he can get what he wants from free
nations while the Soviet Union pumps in
arms.
So what now?
There are signs that President Johnson is
moving to reassess the Cuban situation and
strengthen the team to deal with it. The
OAS has matters pending that could lead to
an inter-American blockade, one that could
be made to stick.
The restless exiles might be unleashed to
help fight for their country's redemption.
The vast internal unrest in Cuba could be
exploited rather than damped down.
The British, in their business-as-usual
ardor, may have done the free Americans a
service by making the situation and the need
for action clear.
As we said long ago when the strengh of
the Communist thrust became apparent,
halfway measures will not do the job that
inevitably must be done to return Cuba to
the Cuban people. We might as well get
to it.
Mr. Speaker, the proper reemphasis
a the problems caused by Cuba is fur-
ther seen in an editorial in the Thursday,
January 9, edition of the Chicago Trib-
une, emphasizing the same problem of
nations trading and maintaining the
economy of Castro's Cuba.
The inability to isolate and crush the
Castro economy is dramatized by the
Johnson administration's insistence to
subLidize and aid the economy of the
Soviet Union and other Communist coun-
tries. The self-defeating purpose of this
foreign policy is clearer than ever.
WHO'S ISOLATING WHOM?
Fidel Castro has once again thumbed his
nose at our economic blockade, this time with
help from Britain. He has arranged to buy
at least 400 British buses to replace American
buses which have been disabled by the lack
of spare parts. These buses will help Castro
restore Havana's crippled transportation sys-
tem and thus mollify one of the more per-
sistent of his people's many complaints.
This is the latest of a number of deals
Castro has made with our allies which are
thwarting our policy of trying to isolate
Castro and thus bring about his downfall.
Yet the State Department's only comment is
that It is "unhappy."
There is no ground for formal complaint,
because Britain has never agreed to help us
isolate Castro. In response to our many pleas
COMMUNIST DOMINATIO
"AMERICAN ROADBLOCK"
(Mr. DERWINSKI (at the request of
Mr. SHarvint) was granted permission to
ektend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter,)
Mr. DERVVINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
fanfare of the New Year and the Presi-
den't state of the Union message have
not brushed away the cold facts of life?
that our foreign policy throughout the
world, and especially in Latin America
continues to deteriorate.
We are somewhat diverted at the
present time by the crisis in Panama but
we must reali7e that the Communist
domination of Cuba is the basic road-
block to peace and advancement in Latin
America.
The Miami Herald, in a very kindly
editorial, discusses our Cuban foreign
policy, which as I have emphasized, is at
the root of our complications.
OUR CUBAN POLICY GOES UNDER
Angry as we May be over Britain's deal to
sell Fidel Castro buses under favorable long-
term credits, the development has some so-
bering implications for our decisionmakers
in Washington.
273
for help, Britain has merely promised to exert
"vigilance" in preventing further kidnapings
by Castro in the West Indies.
Our other allies have been likewise un-
moved. Canada listened politely to our re-
quest for cooperation, and responded by sell-
ing a large supply of wheat to Castro. Spain
expressed doubt that our blockade would be
effective, and then proceeded to confirm its
own doubts by buying $80 million worth of
Cuban sugar in exchange for Spanish ma-
chinery and fruit. The French Government
replied sanctimoniously that what French
exporters arranged with Cuba was none of its
business.
Foreign trade with Cuba has, in fact, pro-
vided employment for the nearly 200 foreign
ships?most of them British, Greek, or Leb-
anese?which have been caught trafficking
with Cuba and have been banned, under the
decree of President Kennedy, from carrying
cargoes financed by the U.S. Government.
Thus the uselessness of our present pol-
icy has been compounded.
We have added to the inconsistency of our
position by agreeing to sell American wheat
to Russia and thus conceding, in effect, that
there is no point in penalizing American
farmers and exporters by restrictions which
nobody else recognizes.
We don't know how Castro is going to pay
for the British buses, but there is little the
State Department could say even if it should
turn out that Britain is giving him credit.
After all, the administration has insisted
that we give credit to Russia for the purchase
of wheat.
There is no rhyme or reason in a policy
which must necessarily depend on the co-
operation Of allies whom we obviously can't
control. If we cannot isolate Cuba ourselves,
there is no point in trying.
Let us hope that the light of reason
will dawn upon the White House and the
State Department, and an immediate
reversal of our tragic foreign policy will
be promulgated.
PROPOSED LEGISLATION TO COR-
RECT INEQUITIES IN OUR MONE-
TARY AND FISCAL POLICIES
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Texas
[Mr. PATMAN] is recognized for 60 min-
utes.
(Mr. PATMAN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, there is
nothing more important in the business
of legislation than to make certain that
inequities in our monetary and fiscal
policies be eliminated. Special favors for
the fortuitous few?for the financially
powerful?at the expense of the many,
make for trouble whether in Latin
America or in the 'United States of
America.
I wish to call to the attention of the
Congress an iniquitous absurdity in re-
gard to the special treatment we afford a
large section of our banking institu-
tions. We are indebted to the Domestic
Finance Subcommittee of the Banking
and Currency Committee for compiling
and releasing for your consideration and
that of the general public a volume en-
titled "Banks Holding Treasury Tax and
Loan Account Balances as of October 15,
1963." Upon request, Members of Con-
gress or their constituents through their
Congressman may receive this report. It
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CONGR]fSS:[ONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
ntains a list prepared at my request by
Federal Reserve of the private com-
ercial banks-11,71)0 of them?which
re this very minute receiving a subsidy
t? in my opinion ;Ives the lie to the
d saw that you cant get something for
othi ag.
The banking system of the United
tates of America at this time is strong
d powerful. Banks from one end of
e country to the other are highly
*Wit able. They can afford to pay their
ay. Any subsidy to them is wasteful.
subsidy to them is paid for by the
erican taxpayer.
It is indeed ironic that one gentleman
I know who has gone around the country
d rying subsidies is the president of a
nk in Wilmington, Del., which re-
Ives in effect a Government subsidy
at least $400,001) annually. This
oney accrues to the bank since it had
o de:posit as of October 15, 1963, more
t an 88 million of Federal money, a fig-
that was exceeded during most of the
ar. As a matter of fact, in early ?o-
ber the bank had over $17 million of
demi money on e:eposit. His bank
ys Uncle Sam not 1 cent for this
ney, but it is loaned out to the citi-
ns of Wilmington and the State of
D 'law are at the going interest rate for
c ramercia,1 banks.
You know that I an. talking about Ed
N ilan, president of the Bank of Dela-
w re. He is in the tradition of the old
s 0 who was lecturing on the virtues
o honesty with the stolen goose up his
eve. His great crusade against you,
Representatives of the people?
a ainit several hundred local chambers
of commerce, paxt of a national organi-
ze, ion hepurports to head; against busi-
n amen in general; against any pro-
gr ive Measures for the betterment of
o country, such at ARA; and yes,
ag nst subsidies?alas, this crusade is
j t as phony as I sale it was before you
ge tlernen some time ago. And how do
I now? Has Ed Neilan cried out against
th subsidy to his bank, accruing from
th more than $8 million of Uncle Sam's
m ney on deposit for which he pays not
1 enry of interest? Has Ed Neilan
co e to the support of the extremely
as ute and capable Joseph Campbell,
C ptroller General of the United
St Vas .who, according to the Wall Street
Jo al on December 31, 1963, urged
th t bunks be charged for the use of
F eral deposits? The General Account-
in Office, a Federal "watchdog" agency,
su gests that Congress require large
ba ks to pay for the use of Government
f ds kept on deposit with them.
here, oh where, has the scrooge of
WI rnington been in fa ling to decry the
gr t giveaway to American banks in the
fo of billions of Federal funds on de-
post free for nothing? Mr. Neilan wants
no ederal subsidies going to depressed
are for projects that will put men back
to or. No, he says area redevelopment
is b d for the country, it is destructive of
pri ate initiative, it just saps the soul
of free nation. But a subsidy to the
Bark of Delaware that eosts not a Penny
to Ed Nellan nor to his iirectors, includ-
ing a few Dupont stooges, he says that
Is a it should be. Acco.rding to Mr. Nei-
Ian, the bank renders services Which
would cogt the Government a lot of
money, and today the bank does this out
of the goodness of its heart.
Incident ally, I do not want the Bank of
Delaware or any other bank rendering
any service to the Government of the
United, States without being adequately
paid for that service. Most emphatically
I favor a .;ervice charge for any service
rendered to the Government by the
banks. Iv 'ant to see a fair ratio between
a reasenable profit made by banks on
Government deposits and actual work
done fer tie Government by the banks.
I do not vet ,nt a bankers' bonanza as now
exists.
But how to return to the subcommit-
tee report I mentioned a moment ago
regarding banks holding Treasury tax
and loan a3count balances. What do we
mean by a tax and loan account? This
is simp,1y U.S. Government money that
sits in private commercial banks. The
banks ar/L interest on it but not the
Treasury o:' the United States. The total
amount of such money in private banks
as of mid-October was $4,040 million.
Now hew did it get there? Several
ways. Fir3t, when a bank buys Gov-
ernment ecurities, whether for its
customers or its own account, the Treas-
ury may permit the bank to pay for the
securities without turning the money
into the Treasury or the Federal Reserve.
Instead; th e bank opens an account in
the name of the U.S. Treasury and puts
the motley into that. In this manner
the bank gets to keep the money which
is earmarked for the Government, and
waits for tre Treasury to call it into the
Federal Re erve. In the meantime, the
bank gets interest on the securities
which it d d not pay for, but got by
creating the deposit that bears no inter-
est. These same securities could have
been sold to the Federal Reserve and it
would not lave cost the people interest.
A second source of funds in the tax
and loan account is income taxpay-
ments?not the big, single payment you
make at the end of the year that goes
straight into the Treasury--but with-
holding income taxes from payrolls and
large quarte rly payments made by cor-
porations. This gives rise to probably
the most luc icrous situation in the whole
relation4aip between banks and the
Treasury. :Iere the Treasury deposits
tax colleetio IS in commercial banks and
the Governnent receives nothing for
them. This same money can be used by
the banks to purchase Government secu-
rities on which the Treasury pays inter-
est. 1)V10 benefits from this nonsensical
situation? Only the commercial banks.
Who pays the bill? The poor taxpayer.
Other scan ces of tax and loan account
funds inelude railroad retirement taxes,
payroll Wee from the old age insurance
program, aril certain excise taxes. All
of this money is available for the unre-
stricted use of the banks until it is later
called into tae Federal Reserve system.
It all earns interest, but not a penny of
interest goes back to the Government.
The Federal money on deposit is not a
convenience to the Treasury. The Treas-
ury does not, draw cheeks on it. The
Treasury, I repeat, cannot use it until
January .13
it is called into the Federal Reserve
banks.
Whenever the Treasury balance of
working cash, which is kept in the Fed-
eral Reserve banks, gets too low, then
they call in tax and loan money, but
since it is always coming into the banks
as fast as it is goi:ng out to the Treasury,
even faster, the banks know that they
have a juicy subs:dy in the form of free
money from Uncle Sam. That is, depos-
its which cost them nothing, but which
can be loaned to the public.
During the fiscal year 1963, there was
never any less than $2 billion sitting
there. Sometimes, on the other hand,
there has been over $10 billion, and the
average for fiscal year 1963 was $5.3 bil-
lion. The interest for 1 year an $5.3 bil-
lion at 5 percent is $267 million. Do I
hear Mr. Ed Neilan screaming about the
$267 million annual subsidy to himself
and his friends? Will someone who
listens to his next "never-never" speech
on the wickedness of subsidies be good
enough to ask him why he has not been
opposed to the big bankers bonus?
Now there are 13,500 commercial
banks in America, end 11,700 of these are
official depositaries for tax and loan
account funds. The average amount of
Government money on deposit with each
bank is something over $345,000, and the
average annual interest on this amount
at 5 percent is about $23,000. Some
banks have much more than the aver-
age. The Bank of Delaware holds over
$8 million in Federal money, which is
23 times the average, and the more than
$400,000 a year interest this bank earns
on this money is 23 times the average.
Eight banks in New York City?Chase
Manhattan, First National City, Chemi-
cal Bank, Morgan Bank, Manufacturers
Hanover, Bankers Trust, Irving Trust,
and Marine Midland?have over $800
million combined, or more than 20 per-
cent. That is, 8 banks out of 11,700 that
have one-fifth of all the money in the
tax and loan account.
In the main, I have discussed but one
key subsidy that the Government pre-
sents commercial banks. There are sev-
eral ,others besides the tax and loan
account.
Now let us consider for a moment an-
other special treatment afforded our
commercial banks. It is a simple fact
that banks are not permitted to pay in-
terest on demand deposits. Now every-
body else pays interest on their deposits,
savings and loan, and even insurance
companies, but not the commercial
banks. These demand deposits are raw
materials, just like pig iron, that rep-
resent $150 billion on which banks are
earning interest which they are not pay-
ing to the depositors. Checking ac-
counts are demand deposits. It is lawful
for a bank to lend money to the holder of
a checking account and, of course,
charge him interest. But the banker
would be violating the law if he were to
pay interest on this checking account
money which he in turn loans out, Some
time or other this inequitable arrange-
ment will be changed.
Then there are many free services pro-
vided to private banks by the Federal
Reserve at an annual cost to the Ameri-
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1' CON6RtSSI AI, sEN-
cmr),%t AgOJOURNMENT UNTIL
- Mr. HIIMPIIREY. ' Mr. President, I
a* unai'llitis oblisett that when the
Senate cOricltdes its -business today, it
stapd in adjournm.erit until 12 o'clock
,
noon on TueSaay nod.
The Pht SIDING OFFICER. With-
oUt objection, it is so Ordered.
..,
i.
DECENTRAIZATI46N br
. - POLTCY
. Mr, mortsE. Mr. ?resident, I 'rise
courteously 'and respectfully to express
s?ne differences Of opinion which I have
th the Senator from Arizona [Mr.
GoLinvAixit] Ovef Certain foreign policy
issues .abOtif which he has expressed
views in recent days. - -
I have Se* a coPY of-my remarks to
the Senator from Arizona, and I have
had a brief' and pleasant visit with him,
telling him that I *ciuld be happy to
have him caw to the floor of the Senate
he cared to : do: go. He Very good-
natUrediy told nie that it would not be
necesSary , to do that, and that if he
deemed it necessary, in due course he
WOUld express himself on the floor of
the Senate: He told me that he was
about to leave his office to make a dona-
tion of blood. I aSsilred him that I was
not going to deplete him of his blood
autiply and that II was -Merely going to
express sonie respectful disagreement
With his point of view. I would discuss
in3r disagreement With the Senator from
Arizima, On foreign peaky under the
heading=w4hich 1 think Would be quite
appropriati=-PThe Decentralization of
rorejgn Policy." I do so this afternoon
becauSeTWOuld not want anyone to think
that in my capacity' as of the
Subcommittee on American Republics
Affairs of. the Coriunittee on Foreign
Relations t, would remain silent when
EtnyOne titthe fifipliftanCe arid the stand-
ing of the 'junior Senator from Arizona
expressed views on the Cuban situation so
diametrically opposed to my own.
On_ the . basis of his recent campaign
state11141its'.,inlqe*HairiPshire, the junior
Senator from AriZoila appears to be off-
ering hlmaelf as' a '15-residential candidate
who will lead the United States into in-
ternational banditrY. That is the best
that can be Said for his statement that
if he were President, he would support
and promote the e'fforts of Cuban ref-
ugees to invade Cuba and Overthrow the
Castro diotatorghip. "I would help
them,' said the Se.riator, "I would train
them, surifly- them' get them there." In
addition, he would be "inclined" to pro-
vide "air cover to any refugee invasion
attempt.
? -
The Senator's proposal for Cuba is ap-
parently n'art of his grand design for
dismantlyik,
the foreign policy powers
of the'dOveriiinerif of The-United States.
As the fVfebabers"df this body have been
privilege to heatinarlY 'times, the Sen-
ator'figniArizonals deeply dedicated to
the task-Of liberating' the Cuban people
41 tke caStro -Ural-MY: He believes
ast7078-modirsdi-ris a grate and
itime -W,Ilireart"6 The United States
arid that7eVery "Ey Of its survival is a
day of mortal peril for the United States.
Because 'the Senator is known to held hope to accbtnplish in the decentraliza-
tion of our foreign policy?
There is another aspect of the Sena-
tor's views on Cuba that give me some
concern. That is that what he proposes
is clearly illegal, a clear and direct vio-
lation of our obligations under the
Charter of the Organization of American
States. I commend to the Senator arti-
cle 15 of the OAS charter, which clearly
prohibits the kind of U.S.-sponsored ref-
ugee action that he advocates. Article 15
reads as follows:
No state or group of states has the right
to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any
reason whatever, in the internal or external
affair's of any other State. The foregoing
principle prohibits not only armed forces but
also any other form of interference or at-
tempted threat against the personality of
the State or against its political, economic
and cultural elements.
There are those who regard treaties
and other instruments of law as mean-
ingless pedantries, suitable areas of con-
em for vague and sentimental law pro-
fessors but hardly a fit basis for the hard
decisions of international power politics.
I, for one, believe that the United States
can play fast and loose with its interna-
tional legal commitments only at grave
peril to its own vital interests. Interna-
tional legal commitments have the same
meaning for the shapers of foreign policy
as contracts have for businessmen.
There is nothing sentimental or particu-
larly idealistic about them. They pro-
vide a basis for predicting the actions of
others, for being able to judge who is with
you and who is against you, whom you
can count on and whom you cannot' count
on. As long as international legal in-
struments are honored, the parties to
them have in effect increased their own
power because they can add to their own
resources those promised to them by the
international agreements. To disregard
international legal obligations is to un-
dermine this addition to national power,
to destroy the basis for predicting the be-
havior of others, and to destroy the con-
fidence of other nations in our own
promises and commitments.
I am sure that these observations
about law, as they pertain to Cuba, will
be of interest to the Senator from Ari-
zona. They will interest him because he
is a conservative, and if there is anything
that is vital to the ideology of conserva-
tism it is the fundamental importance
and inviolability of law. The Senator has
spoken frequently and wisely about the
sanctity of law. I am confident, there-
fore, that he can be expected to recon-
sider his views on sponsoring a refugee
invasion of Cuba with a view toward try-
ing to reconcile these views with his well-
known dedication to the rule of law as a
guiding principle for both the internal
life of our country and its foreign rela-
tions.
If the Senator from Arizona has been
somewhat inconsistent in his views on
law in international relations, he has
been absolutely constant in his advocacy
of the principle of decentralization of
Government functions.
The Senator declared that under cer-
tain circumstances he would withdraw
recognition from the Soviet Union, but
only with the consent of the Senate.
these views, it is difficult to understand
Why he does not favor direct action by
the U.S. Armed Forces rather than a
proxy invasion by a small army of badly
armed, badly trained, and badly orga-
nized Cuban refugees.
Furthermore, speaking hypothetically,
has he given consideration to the kind
government that would be established
n Cuba if all the Cuban refugees in the
United States could simply be implanted
In Cuba and authorized to establish a
government? I think we would be very
much surprised to find how closely such
a government would resemble the Batista
government. As I have previously said
in the Senate, a considerable percentage
of the Cuban refugees in the United
States are Batista-ites and would
not set Up, if given the authority
to do so, a constitutional, demo-
cratic form of government. Large
numbers of them are more interested
in regaining their corporeal and material
holdings in Cuba, to carry on the bad
economic policies that characterized the
Batista regime. I have the right to
speak thusly, because I was the first in
this body to speak out against the Castro
regime. I did so almost when it took
over, starting with its blood baths and
Castro's placing under house arrest the
first President under the Castro regime,
that great Cuban judge, Irrutia, because
Irrutia would not be a party to the totali-
tarian procedures that Castro inflicted
upon the Cuban people. I said then,
and repeat now, that all we were pre-
sented with in that change of adminis-
tration was the substitution for a Fascist
tyrant of a tyrant who followed the
Commie line.
To consider Fidel Castro a grave
enough threat to the United States to
turn America into an outlaw nation is
to credit him with vastly greater power
and vastly greater leadership talents
than in fact he possesses. If, however,
he posed a grave and mortal threat to
the United States, he should be dealt
with by direct action by the Armed
Forces of the United States under the
command of the President.
In October of 1962, President Kennedy
made clear that our Government can be
counted upon to take care of any aggres-
sive course of action that either Castro
or Khrushchev acting through Cuba
may threaten.
One is forced to the conclusion that
although the Senator from Arizona feels
gravely threatened by the Communist
regime in Cuba, he is so anxious to de-
centralize the powers of the U.S. Gov-
ernment that he would turn over the
shaping of our Cuban policy to a group
Of Cuban exiles and reduce the U.S. Gov-
ernment to the role of adviser and assist-
ant to them in their efforts. This would
indeed be a major step forward toward
the decentralization of the foreign policy
powers of the U.S. Government. The
control of American policy over an issue
which, as we saw in October of 1962, in-
volves the threat of nuclear war would
be taken out of the hands of our Presi-
dent and placed in the hands of a group
of private individuals?and foreign indi-
viduals at that, not even citizens of the
United States. What more could we
4 ,
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62
e Senate does not, under our Consti-
t tion, play any official role whatever in
t e recognition of governments or in
ithdrawing recognition. The Senator
patently would like to give the Senate
t at power, thereby depriving the Presi-
d nt ,of one o..1 his basic foreign policy
Weis under the Constitution.
Secondly, the Senator has suggested
t at the authority to use tactical nuclear
eaporis should be 1 ested in the corn-
ander of the NATO forces without be-
i g subject to any direction or control
b the President of the United States,
o, under our Const tution, is the Corn-
ander in Chief of our Armed Forces.
It appears that the Senator, in his zeal
fir the decentralization of control of our
f rejgn policy, is prepared to relieve the
esident of many or most of his powers
a Commander in Chief of the Armed
Forces.
On Issues ranging from the Tennessee
ley Authority to an invasion of Cuba,
e Senator has been unshakeable in his
dication to the principle that all pos-
le powers should be removed from the
nds of the Govern' lent of the United
ates and placed in the hands of private
victuals and groups?either foreign
domestic, the important point being
t under no circumstances should they
subject to the control or direction of
U.S. Government. ,
inston Churchill once said that he
not become His M aJesty's First Mi-
^ to preside over the liquidation of
British Empire. Should the junior
'tor from Arizona be elected Presi-
t of the United Sta ;es, it appears that
will dedicate himself to a quite oppo-
, but no less dramatic, goal than the
proclaimed by Churchill. The Sen-
^ w:11 be able, one supposes, to pro-
F.omething like the following:
have become Presic out of the United
tee lor the sole and express purpose of
iding over the liquidation of the powers
functions of the Government of the
ted States, and especially of those vested
he President of the United States.
Malty, Mr. President, our colleague's
op ion of the reliability of interconti-
ne tal missiles might carry more weight
ha he raised the issue. when funds for
the r installation were under considera-
tio . The Senator from Arizona has
be a member of tit Senate Armed
Se ices Committee since he came to the
Se ate in 1952. During his Senate
sel Ice. the United States has developed
an installed a huge system of intercon-
tin rite' missiles. Cor gress has voted
ten of billions of public money for this
pu se
? I the Senator from Arizona had
do ts then about their reliability, he
sho Id have raised them in the Senate
wh n the appropriation bills were being
con iderecl. Instead, ha joined the rest
of s in approving those funds, so I
un erstand; and I do not find that he
ma e any critical comments about
spe ding these huge sums on them.
I Senator GOLDWATER. has a case that
ma ned bombers are more reliable weap-
ons than missiles, he sl- ould spell it out.
Unt I he does, he has mly created the
Imp ession of an old c lvalry man who
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CONGRTIDNAL RECORD ? SENATE 'January
Insists the t tanks are not as reliable as
horses
Mr. President, in closing, I repeat that
I speak out of great respect for the Sen-
ator from Arizona; but he and I have
these honest and sincere differences of
opinion as to what should be the policy
of our ,Gocernment both in the field of
domestiic affairs and in the field of for-
eign affairs; and I have expressed my
views acco..dingly.
V
si
th
di
is
th
de
he
sit
on
at
el
8
pr
an
Un
In
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Mr. OORSE. Mr. President, recently
Mr. 0., K. Scott, of Prineville, Oreg.,
brought to my attention copies of certain
letters on subjects of interest. I ask
unanirdous consent that they be printed
in the IkECORD.
There b ing no objection, the letters
were okcler ad to be printed in the REC-
oRD, as f011OWS:
NOVEMBER 6, 1963.
DEAR EDTIOR: I would like to make one
more desperate appeal to the dormant pa-
triotism of our local citizens. Senator MORSE
has at last admitted that the suggestion to
utilize spme TV time for public education is
a good idea, but without good public sup-
port froM home it is hardly fair to expect
any one mall? official to risk his scalp on a
proposition is bold as this. !('his is some-
thing that deserves the initiative of the vot-
ers.
The ptmicus series of letters to the editor,
has had. a noticeable effect on many local
citizens, and not a single word of condemna-
tion from any of the many who have been
sounded out throughout the Nation. Many
have commented favorably, none too en-
thusiastic, quite a few were silent, but none
ventured, to lay truth is not important.
I expected .nore letters from voters to their
representatives from this locality, most of
the ones I hi.ve talked to just sort of pass it
off as beihg t 3o lazy in a joking way, but this
is no joke. I think your column one ar-
rangement will be much more effective be-
cause only a minority look at the editorial
page.
enclme the letter from Senator MORSE
for your Inspection. Will you please hold it
for me? I will call for it later. I also in-
clude my reply to the Senator.
As far es I um concerned, the Oregon dele-
gation to Washington is as good as we can
ever hope to get and I hope we can keep
them on_the Job, they will respond to the
will of the people back home if these people
will only let them know what is in their
minds. cannot help but think that the
right to see, hear, and learn to know and
understand the truth, ranks high in the
mind of every true patriot, but they are still
under the sp311 of McCarthy demagoguery.
But truth is caangeles,s and indestructible, it
can neither be diluted nor dissolved, not even
in a fullicnsterree y,
strength solution of GOLDWATER.
s
O. K. Scow.
To the EDiTOR
Truth i ti.e supreme authority in our
universe. Without it, Man is but little bet-
ter than a devil, and his world can never
get much hettar than a hell. General Sher-
man was ,absolutely right. "War is hell,"
hot or cold. 3ut with the truth, man can
become m4ster of his environment, and build
a civilization resembling heaven, limited
only by the honest application of his knowl-
edge and his willingness to work. The
human energy and material wealth that has
been wasted 01 wax just since I have been
here on erth, has been many times more
NOVEMBER 6, 1963.
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10
than enough to have eliminated all the
poverty and its twin, ignorance, from the
world, but these twin curses still hold the
world in thrall.
Every war that man has become involved
in, is a harvest from seeds of dishonesty,
planted and cultivated by dishonest man.
Nothing has ever been settled by any war,
that could not have been settled a thousand
times better, by truth and honesty. In fact,
the only thing ever settled by war is the
certainty of a bigger and more terrible dis-
honest war to follow.
The cause of this disease, "wax," is the
virus of dishonesty. The only cure is truth.
The political palliatives, and what the labor
unions are doing, and have been doing, are
just as silly and ineffective, as if the medical
scientists had confined their attack on polio,
to the application of band aids and ice water
massages. There are plenty of good honest,
intelligent people in this land, who know
and understand the truth, and have what
it takes to convey that truth and under-
standing to the minds of all potentially
honest citizens, which includes at least 80
percent of the total, but this insignificent
minority of wantonly dishonest, has insidi-
ously build up a power sufficiently strong
enough to conceal the truth from the over-
whelming majority, by the simple expedient
of pricing them out of the market, in spite
of our constitutionally guaranteed freedom
of speech and press.
Just because one of these lunatics, suc-
cessfully caused a lot of other lunatics to
believe that a lie, repeated often and well,
was just as good as the truth, the whole
world became involved in the most stupid
ogre of death and destruction of all, and
the only thing we got out of It was the
plague of atomic stalemate, with its poten-
tial destructivenes now in excess of a car-
load of TNT for each human being on earth:
With one hour of TV time each week, made
available for truth, the curse of dishonesty
could be arrested to the point where truth
could at last become effective from a great
many more honest patriots than it ever has
had. Is four letters each, from each honest
patriot too much of an effort? Must we
devote all of this marvelous medium of
public education to "break down sales re-
sistance" and programs that undermine the
character of our young ones? There is no
substitute, just as good, or anywhere near
as good as truth. It is your business and
deserves your attention. None will ever es-
cape the consequences of the neglect that
will inevitably lead to some lunatic trying
to prove that he can win with atom bombs.
Sincerely,
0. K. SCOTT.
NOVEMBER 13, 1963.
To the EDITOR:
Truth is the keystone for the arch of
liberty, that has been slowly and laboriously
constructed by the efforts of honest intellect
for centuries, this arch spans the bottomless
chasm of greed, graft, and corruption, that
has successfully defied orderly progress along
the road of liberty toward that distant goal
of freedom, that has inspired the best efforts
and hopes of honest, intelligent, thinking
people.
The keystone is not yet in place, but it has
been carefully measured and cut to fit.
Without this keystone, the structure can
never hold the weight of the traffic that must
pass over it. It is an exceedingly bulky item,
of such a nature that no possible kind of
machine can ever put it in place. The only
way it can be done is by the honest, intelli-
gent cooperative efforts of many citizens.
The task is simple and the labor light. The
more hands that willingly volunteer, the
easier the task, and there is no such thing
as not enough room for all, who care to help.
Just take a sheet of paper and a pen and
write four letters, one of them to the presi-
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2644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE
During the presidential campaigns and
throughout his subsequent service in the
realm of international affairs, Mr.
Stevenson has added a new dimension to
the Illinois State motto?that of an ac-
tive commitment to the cause of a free
world at peace. His fellow citizens in
Illinois are proud of his devotion and
tireless work in behalf of a better Ameri-
ca in a world at peace.
Adlai E. Stevenson is the fourth out of
five generations to serve the people of
his State and of the Nation. Even now,
his eldest son and namesake, Adlai E.
Stevenson III, is embarked upon a new
role as a member of the House of Rep-
resentatives of the State of Illinois. He
is following the example of his illus-
trious father, and a more outstanding
example he and others would be hard
put to find.
Mr. Speaker, it is an honor and a priv-
ilege to speak publicly, on this my first
statement in the House, of the unselfish
concern for and outstanding participa-
tion in public and world service by the
'Honorable Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois
during the greater part of his 65 years
among us.
He, more than many of us, has always
been aware that all of us have to be con-
cerned about the future because we are
going to spend the rest of our lives there.
As he enters his 66th y ar, he continues
to look a.head to andAvork for a better
futu.re for 1.
LEGISLATION TRODUCED TO
HALT CLS. ALLIES SHIPPING TO
CUBA
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker,
I am introducing legislation today to
curb the traffic of U.S. Allies shipping to
Cuba.
Not only have our allies been sending
their ships to Castro's island, but ships
from Britain, Greece, Lebanon, Norway,
and the Netherlands have been supplying
communist North Vietnam.
As a member of the House Merchant
Marine and Fisheries Committee, I have
long been concerned with the situation
whereby U.S. articles are transported
aboard vessels sailing under flags par-
ticipating in trade with communist coun-
tries. There is considerable support for
putting a stop to this situation, and it
may be found not only here in the Con-
gress but in the shipping industry and
the American public as well.
So outrageous is this practice that even
foreign corners echo discontent over
ships from nations friendly to the West
carrying goods to Communist govern-
ments. Just Saturday the Venezuelan
longshoremen saw their proposal for a
labor boycott of Cuban trading vessels
adopted by a committee of the Inter-
American Regional Labor Organization
meeting in Mexico City. American dele-
gates from the AFL-CIO urged even
stronger steps.
Unfortunately a *large portion of this
shipping is carried on under the British
flag. According to information which I
have received, some British ships may
even sail direct from Red China to Cuba
and North Vietnam.
The world has just witnessed the pass-
ing of a great British statesman, Sir
Winston Churchill. Although it was
Churchill who first warned of the dan-
gers of world communism, the England
he governed now aids the Reds. The
British merchant marine, once under
Churchill when he served as First Lord
of the Admiralty, now serves the Com-
munists by transporting their profitable
cargos.
Recall Churchill's pleas for the United
States to aid Britain in the early days of
World War II. By contrast, today's U.S.
requests for an end to British shipping
to Communist Cuba have thus far gone
unnoticed.
In 1941, when Britain was enlisting
U.S. help, Churchill said:
The action of the United States will be
dictated not by the methodical calculations
of profit and loss, but by moral sentiment.
The Congress must act now to incite
the moral sentiments of Britain and
other allies whose ships aid commu-
nism. Enactment of the legislation I
have introduced today will serve that
purpose.
PRESIDENT'S FARM MESSAGE IG-
NORES CALIFORNIA'S CRITICAL
NEED
(Mr. TEAGUE of California asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr.
Speaker, California, the Nation's leading
agricultural State, and the critical need
of its farmers for workers, were totally
ignored by the President in his farm mes-
sage to Congress.
When the law permitting Mexican
farm workers to enter this country was
allowed to expire, at the instigation of
the administration, California farmers
were immediately confronted with a
shortage of harvest laborers.( To make
matters worse, the Secretary of Labor
then issued an order setting discrimina-
tory wage rates that place California
farmers at a serious competitive disad-
vantage. Rates in other States have been
fixed at substantially lower figures. Cali-
fornia agriculture today is in the most
critical stage of its history, yet it is being
totally ignored by the President.
All the emphasis of the message was
placed on help for the growers of sub-
sidized crops, such as wheat arid feed
grain, cotton, tobacco, rice and wool.
Most of our California crops are with-
out subsidy, although we grow 43 percent
of the Nation's vegetables and 42 per-
cent of the fruit and nuts?all of which
are not subsidized. The President sug-
gests nothing to assure that this prod-
uce, vital to the entire country, will
be harvested.
Agriculture is California's leading in-
dustry, by dollar volume of production.
It would seem to me that any threat to
its health ought to be a matter of special
concern to the President. However, we
do not seem to have any friends in this
administration, since we are being over-
February 8
looked by the President and harassed
by the Secretary of Labor.
HORTON RESOLUTION CONDEMNS
SOVIET ANTI-SEMITISM
(Mr. HORTON asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I have
introduced today a concurrent resolu-
tion to condemn the Soviet Union for its
persecution of Jewish citizens.
The wave of anti-Semitism in the So-
viet Union is wicked evidence of the god-
less nature of communism and should be
exposed before the world.
Soviet efforts to crush the spirit of
Russian Jews are sickening to Ameri-
cans. We deeply believe in freedom of
religion for all people.
Our national and natural opposition
to any infringement of religious freedom
summons us to denounce the Commu-
nists' campaign which is bent on de-
struction of traditional Jewish values
and institutions.
We have abundant evidence that the
Government of the Soviet Union is per-
secuting Jewish citizens. It is singling
them out for extreme punishment of
alleged economic offenses, synagogues
are being confiscated, Jewish cemeteries
are being closed, rabbis and lay leaders
are being arrested, religious activities
are being curtailed, educational and cul-
tural opportunities are being denied
Russian Jews, and restrictions are being
imposed that prevent the reuniting of
Jewish families.
The powers of the Soviet state are be-
ing ruthlessly and inhumanly directed
against Jewish citizens. Jews suffer
persecution in Russian universities, in
Russian publications, and in Russian
courtrooms.
This shocking condition demonstrates
the base treachery of communism and
should be so noted before the world,
especially in the face of Soviet claims of
equality.
The U.S. Congress has before it the
opportunity to endorse and encourage
the protests of millions of our fellow
citizens. Let us, then, affirm their ap-
peal to Soviet authorities that in -the
name of decency and humanity religious
freedom be restored to the Jews of
Russia.
NATIONAL WILDNERNESS PRESER-
VATION SYSTEM?MESSAGE FROM
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES (H. DOC. NO. '19)
The SPEAKER laid before the House
the following message from the President
of the United States; which was read and,
together with the accompanying papers,
referred to the Committee on Interior
and Insular Affairs and ordered to be
printed:
To the Congress of the United States:
The wonder of nature is the treasure
of America.
What we have in woods and forest,
valley and stream, in the gorges and the
mountains and the hills, we must not
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J America
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Tongressional
P:ROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 89th CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
vii. 111
6:
in
mi
pr
re
str
tai
of
en
Pe
CO
US
CO
Lo
WASHINGTON, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1965 No. 25
House oi Representatives
he House met at 11; o'clock noon.
e Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp,
., quoted this verse from Ephesians
10: Finally, my brethren, be strong
he Lord, and in the power of His
ht.
et us pray:
Thou who wert the God of the
ding Fathers, an I in whom they
ted, we rejoice that Thou hast been
God of all their sLeceeding genera-
ay our own life with its manifold
blerns and perplexities, and its heavy
onsibilities, daily become richer and
nger in the realization of Thy sus-
g power and peace.
elp us to cultivate those capacities
nsight and understanding which will
ble us to see our tasks in their right
spective.
rant that we may te inspired by that
quering faith which will encourage
to meet every mo-al issue without
promise or complaint.
ear us in the name of our blessed
d. Amen.
....111111=11
THE JOURNAL
e Journal of the proceedings of
ursday, February 4, 1965, was read
approved.
SSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT
undry messages in writing from the,
Pr sident of the United States were
co municated to the House by Mr.
R tchford, one of his secretaries.
ANNOUNCEMENT
Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and was
gi en permission to address the House
fo 1 minute and to revise and extend
hi remarks.) '
, GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
at this time I want to announce the as-
si nments to the objector committees on
or side of the aisle.
the Consent Calendar the objectors
will be the gentleman from Washington
[4ir. PELLy), the gentleman from Mis-
[Mr. HALL], and the gentleman
r m Pennsylvania [Mr. Jon-molt].
On the Pr vale Calendar there will be
the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr.
CONTE], the gentleman from Michigan
[Mr. HUECIE NsoN], and the gentleman
from New Yark [Mr. McEwm].
THE CLoSEgG OF THE VA HOSPITAL
AT GRAND JUNCTION, COLO.
(Mr. Mor C10ER asked and was given
permissidn to address the House for 1
minute arid k) revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. MCVIMER. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to take this opportunity to state that
I am whOleheartedly in favor of the pro-
visions that were placed in this bill by
the Senate. I am wholeheartedly behind
the amendrn ents to the 1965 agriculture
appropriations supplemental bill, which
would proh: bit the closing of certain
Veteran' Administration facilities and
agricultnre I esearch stations.
The cilosi ag of the VA hospital at
Grand Yunction, Colo., presents a prob-
lem pecnliar to the West. To those vet-
erans and their families on the western
slope of the Rockies it would mean a
great harlship to travel hundreds of
miles to the nearest VA hospital. It will
not savd money; it will only cheapen
services., Da we not owe a great debt
to these dtabled veterans in bringing
the best pos3ib1e hospital facilities at the
greatest possible convenience? The
gentlemsn f :om Colorado, the Honorable
WAYNE ASP] NALL, in whose district this
Grand Junction hospital is located, has
given his fill- support to retaining this
hospital: and I wish to associate myself
with hint.
While: the Cheyenne Horticultural
Field Station at Cheyenne, Wyo., is not
in Colorado. it is a regional station serv-
ing my :constituents. If the Cheyenne
Horticultural Field Station is closed as
planned there will be no institution left
in the vviholo Great Plains-Rocky Moun-
tain region doing any significant re-
search on those plants needed for Presi-
dent 4ohr son's "green legacy for
tomorroW." Certainly no other part of
the United States has greater need for
horticulturid reseach, because ours is
the last: great area of the country to be
settled 4ncl ecause our conditions are so
different from those of the older East,
Midwest, and Far West that their horti-
cultural plants and practices cannot be
employed here.
I feel that it would be a great blunder
to discontinue the research now under-
way at Cheyenne.
AMBASSADOR ADLAI E. STEVENSON
(Mr. SCHISLER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SCHISLER. Mr. Speaker, while
we were adjourned Friday last, there oc-
curred in the life of one of my fellow Il-
linoisans one of those milestones we each
and every one note with the passing of
the calendar years. This gentleman
from Illinois has seen 65 years come and
go, and he has not stood idly by while
these birthdays came and went. As we
know from the events of recent days, he
worked Friday last on the occasion of his
65th birthday, as indeed he has for many
birthdays in the past, and we hope, as
he shall for many in the future.
Mr. Speaker, this statesman?for
statesman, he is?has, in fact, been one
of those active paticipants in history
without which our lives would be less
meaningful and our history less pur-
poseful.
It is appropriate, therefore, that we
say not only "happy birthday" to Am-
bassador Acllai E. Stevenson, but also
express appreciation for his years and
decades of unselfish public service to his
fellow countrymen, not to mention his
fellow citizens of the world. He comes,
Mr. Speaker, from a State whose motto
Is "State Sovereignty, National Union."
As one of the outstanding Governors of
Illinois, he was always faithful and true
to this admonition. As a candidate for
the highest civil office in our land, he
demonstrated in his speeches and writ-
ings a profound understanding of the
deep philosophical roots of our demo-
cratic system and an acute awareness of
the practical operations of its diverse
parts. I might add a personal note that
his speeches and writings first sparked
my own interest in public service.
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1965 cWdittssioNAt ArcORI5 AtiptNnix
nevertheless, a great many of its employees
live in that area.
As '1 Understand it now, if you take away
the base there would be a recession, because
you don't have the industries or other back-
up work for people that work outside the
base.
If you take away the base, then the re-
lated work which the payroll of this base
keeps going will also disappear. Certainly
you will have a depression, not a recession.
In my statement, Senator. I said how can
our. Goverment create an unemployment in
an already depressed area, only then to ask
Congress for funds to raise employment in
the same area? This is an inconsistency
which must be repugnant to all.
As national president of the American
Federation of Government Employees, I have
been informed of the Department of De-
fense's plans to close certain defense agen-
cies. There was no consultation with this-
union or to my knowledge with any union
prior to the announcement that the Olmsted
employees would be affected by the base
closures.
The Secretary has assured the civilian em-
ployees that every effort will be made to find
new positions, both within the Government
and private industry. I have no quarrel with
this statement, but as you gentlemen from
Pennsylvania know, people do not just pick
up roots and move without hardship. The
employees from Olmsted must move unless
the Department of Defense is able to relocate
other defense activities at Olmsted Air Force
Base which would utilize the skills of these
employees. I say that they must move be-
cause the labor market area cannot absorb
these people. Some of the other gentlemen
here today from the State of Pennsylvania
will undoubtedly give you more details con-
cerning the impact that this action will have
on the Middletown area. The Department
has given public assurances that every effort
will be made to retrain employees. To date
our union has not been consulted on this
vital problem.
We must not forget that Middletown af-
fects the northern Appalachian area and this
region is receiving considerable attention by
the administration and hopefully the U.S.
Congress will act to relieve po erty in this
area.
'Soviets Take Over Cuban OcJitn Studies
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORN/A
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, January 26, 1965
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr, Speaker,
wish to call my colleagues' attention to
the shocking story which appeared in
Hydrogram Intelligence Briefings on Oc-
tober 16, 1964. The article is entitled
"Soviets Take Over Cuban Ocean Stud-
ies," and reads as follows:
The Navy is concerned over the Soviet mis-
sion which has come to Cuba to take over its
oceanographic studies. These studies can
have two directly connected effects on the
United States-Soviet balance of power.
Charting the islands, reefs, keys, and un-
derwater canyons in the Caribbean may lo-
cate nondetected submarine routes for Soviet
submarines. Our detection devices would
find it difficult to track submarines moving
near the ocean buttom and shielded by a
line of islands with connecting underwater
reefs.
The Soviets also could be locating detec-
tion-proof passages where its subs could lay
seCret mines to be fired by remote control.
Soviet mining of terminal area sealanes and
harbor approaches in the Caribbean and Gulf
of Mexico would put the free Americas at a
considerable disadvantage in facing a con-
ventional war.
Dream Comes True
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT McCLORY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, January 26, 1965
Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, as Rep-
resentative of the 12th Illinois Congres-
sional District in the heartland of the
Midwest, I am always proud to recount
new instances of the qualities of my con-
stituents.
From the Waukegan News-Sun, the
largest daily newspaper published in this
district--Lake, McHenry, and Boone
Counties?I have just clipped an article
which I wish to share with my colleagues.
I commend for your reading pleasure a
people-to-people project in which a col-
umnist, an ex-serviceman and his fam-
ily, and a little Japanese girl are the
principals. We are grateful to the col-
umnist, Mrs. Bernice Just, for calling
this item of human interest to our atten-
tion.
The article follows:
DREAMS COME TRUE
To a -petite Japanese girl, the Waukegan
News-Sun is not just a newspaper but a fairy
godmother, also.
How the News-Sun became a godmother
to the girl has a beginning.
Once upon a time, almost a year ago, the
girl, whose name is Shigeyo Chiba, wrote to
"The Waukegan Newspaper in Waukegan,
Ill."
"Would you ask in your column if some
family in your area would keep me next
school year so I could go to classes there
and learn more about your wonderful coun-
try?" wrote Shigeyo, of Hokkaido,
At the time, the News-Sun never thought
of itself as a godmother, and besides was
fresh out of wands. Fortunately we had
plenty of sticks of type.
In this column we told about Shigeyo.
Two families immediately volunteered to
adopt Shigeyo for the year.
We asted former News-Sun proofreader,
Mrs. G. B. Hanna, and Miss Eleanor Moore,
both American Field Service advisers with
experience in selecting families for foreign
students, to decide which of the two families
should be chosen for Shigeyo.
The AFS committee liked both families so
much and found both so qualified as foster
parents that the women, we think, flipped
a coin.
They chose the Curt Rosemann family of
1524 West Deiring Lane, Lake Villa. The
sons are Bruce, /5, and Craig, 13. The rest
of the family are rabbits, cats, geese, dogs,
and parakeets.
Rosema.nn, an engineer for Jan-Air, Inc.,
Richmond, was in Japan when he was in
service. All year long the family has been
corresponding with Shigeyo and reading
about Japan.
Shigeyo, in the meantime, has been con-
tinuing her study of English and trying to
learn as much as possible about the United
States.
A285
"Tell me," she wrote to Mrs. Rosemann,
"everything your family does in 1 day, from
time you get up to when you go to bed."
Shigeyo kept writing the News-Sun.
"I want my American family to know well
about me. I want to become like their true
daughter."
The year of planning, correspondence with
the American Embassy and the Japanese
Government and other paperwork finally
came to fruition: Shigeyo has been granted
permission from her Government to come to
Lake County.
So now we come to the beginning of
another beginning.
Shigeyo will fly from Tokyo to O'Hare
International Airport, Chicago, on March 30
or 31.
The fact that she will fly here has the
sound of a fairy tale with godmothers and
wands and wishes come true.
So maybe Shigeyo is right after all.
Maybe the News-Sun is not just a news-
paper but a fairy godmother, also.
Harvest of Shame
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES M. TEAGUE
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, January 26, 1965
Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr.
Speaker, under leave to extend my re-
marks, I call the attention of my col-
leagues in the Congress to the following
excellent article entitled "Harvest of
Shame." This editorial appeared in the
Daily News, Camarillo, Calif.
The editorial follows:
HARVEST OF SHAME
During 1964, the last year of the bracero
farm labor program, western do-gooders and
eastern know-nothings sowed the seeds of
folly when they managed to beat down legis-
lative attempts to have this workable system
continued. This year, California is reaping
a harvest of shame. While furtive attemtps
are made to fill the farm labor gap with un-
qualified domestics, the agricultural econ-
omy of the Nation's No. 1 farming State
teeters on the brink of disaster.
Newly elected Senator GEORGE MURPHY,
who vigorously opposed cancellation of the
bracero program during his campaign, stated
last week that farmers are letting fields lie
fallow rather than plant crops only to have
them rot on the vine.
With the domestic worker system only a
few weeks old, the problems brought about
by the change are already exceeding forecasts
of the bracero proponents. And the troubles
go beyond the basic difficulty of farmers
dealing with this uncertain labor market.
County and city law enforcement officials
report a sharp rise in incidents involving
farmworkers notably fights and drunken-
ness. Oxnard Police Chief Al Jewell had so
many drunks the first weekend after the
farmworkers were paid that the city drunk
tank was filled and some had to be sent to
the county jail.
A sheriff's office spokesman said the de-
partment has received many calls on fights,
both at the labor camps and in the fields.
He said this was in marked contrast to the
almost complete lack of this type of incident
among the braceros.
Drinking and fighting are just openers?
the rapes, burglaries, assaults and other
crimes of violence are yet to come. Sheriff's
officials, knowing the type of individuals that
are being brought into the county to work
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286 CONGRIFSS IONAL RECORD APPENDIX
In the fields, are certain they will come. A
long, hot summer. of violence may be in store
fo:: Ventura County and other agricultural
areas.
The Government alayed a dirty trick on the
farmers and rural area residents when it de-
cided to trade brac3ros for America's unem-
ployed. Farmers and ranchers were handed
the job of rehabilitating the chronic unem-
ployed. In an effort to secure enough farm
hands and thereby prove that there are suffi-
cient domestic workers to fill the need, labor
recruiters dragged the slums of Los An-
geles and other large cities.
Among the herds of field recruits rounded
up is an ample sprinkling of winos, derelicts
and skidrow bums. These individuals, un-
fortunate though t fey, may be, need more
than a job to set their lives aright, they
require a carefully E.upervlsed rehabilitation
program.
Of course, the majority of the domestics
are good, honest workers, interested in mak-
ing a decent living. But the supply of this
type is limited and they usually have an eye
open for better employment.
The bracero program was a sound program
all around. It provided farmers with a stable
supply of good adept, willing farmhands.
Braceros were noted for their good behavior.
They had to behave i: they wanted to remain
in this country.
They were a far cry from the slave laborers
as many of the dogocders tagged them. The
Mexican workers wer3 paid far beyond what
they could expect in their homeland. They
were well fed, clothed, sheltered and super-
vised. The fact that they were happy with
their lot was reflected in their regretful de-
parture last month.
The most baffling aspect about the whole
situation is that by putting the ax to the
bracer() program, Uncle Sam canceled an im-
portant part of our :?oreign aid that didn't
cost the taxpayers a red cent. The United
States annually pours millions of dollars into
Latin America with few thanks and little
promise of being paid back. Yet in this in-
tame, millions of ciallars were going into
exipo in pockets of grateful braceros who
eft behind the most ?aluattle harvest in the
orld.
But maybe this is why the "experts" in
est ington killed th3 bracero program?it
ust made too much commonsense.
Car Saks Hold Key to 1965 Prosperity
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
ON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, Janlary 26, 1965
Mr CHAMI3ERL.P.IN. Mr. Speaker,
tl e President's recent budget message
I dicates that the depressing effects of
r excise tax system are finally to have
tteir;ion. I sincerely hope that this is
t e year that something will be clone
a out reduction or repeal of the auto-
obile excise tax. The importance of
s ch a step is clearly pointed out by
J A. Livingston, WaEhington Post econ-
o 1st, in his article included in the Post's
e onomic review section of January 10,
165.
This article, "Car Sales Hold Key to
1 65 Prosperity," illustrates that "as
a tos go, so will 1965, and vice versa."
S nce we in the House may soon be faced
w th a decision an auto excise taxes I
t e this opportunity to commend this
penetrating, article to the careful atten-
tiorl of my colleagues in the House and
under unanimous consent, I include it
in the ilppendix of the RECORD:
CiR SALES HOLD KEY TO 1965 PROSPERITY
(By J. A. Livingston)
What's to keep prosperity rolling?
That is the question, as we enter 1965.
This las been a 20-year boom.
RI begin right after Wor:d War It and has
nerslistec . with only four minor interrup-
tions-1149-50, 1953-54, 1957-58, and 1960-
61. The setbacks were so mild we introduced
a ne,w term: Recession, instead of depression.
The latest advance has been a gallop. It
started in February 1961?the month after
Presiden Kennedy's inauguration?and has
hardly sl opped for breath since.
It is now the second longest peacetime up-
cycld on record, exceeded only by the un-
prosper() is recovery from the great depres-
sion..
Btet tt is raises a critical question: Is it
petering out?
The majority of economists who responded
to my yeizend questionnaire think so. Their
predicted pattern for the year is: First half
up, second haltup also, but not se fast. This
leads to he inference: Recession in 1966.
I
Here as e seven reasons for apprehension:
1. The automotive industry has had 3
superiathe years in a row. Adding on a
fouawculd be like filling an inside straight
In , er. It can be done, but the experts
advise: "Don't bet your all on it."
2. Housing continues to clip. The con.-
tinueed ris3 in foreclosures arid the persistent
vacanby rite of more than 7 percent hardly
foreshado w any immediate reversal.
3. The United States has not yet solved its
balante-of-payments difficulties, and even
more empnatical/y, neither has Great Britain.
A sterling crisiS could upset international
money markets and perhaps put pressure on
the dcillar
4. As a corollary, the Federal Reserve
System ii inhibited. Modern economic
thought ?1. la Keynes?dictates that central
banks sho rld make money and credit cheap
and plentiful when business is not expand-
ing ra tall:, enough to take up slack in em-
ployment. But if interest rates were to fall
in the iUni :ed States, foreign banks, business
firms, land investors would pull out funds?
hot money ?from this country. This would
put pressure on America's gold supply and
perhaps cease a dollar crisis.
5. Closing of military bases, if not care-
fully planr ed and spaced, can cause pockets
of urrimployment and a fear psychology.
Indeed retrenchment in defense spending?
highly des rable, in itself?is a source of
uncertainty.
6. Labor unrest is possible. The rivalry
betweeo. Di.vid J. McDonald, president, and
I. W. Abel, secretary-treasurer, for the
presidency of the United Steelworkers in-
creases the chance of a strike. Whoever is
elected will want to prove he deserved. it?
by winning a signal wage boost.
7. Moremer, in anticipation of trouble in
steel, many manufacturers and retailers are
building up inventories. Not only are they
ordering stsel but also products made of
steel. This could lead to an up-down
inventory c;,cle.
RETURN GROWS
So ranch ;or the question: What's to cause
a slowdewn ' Now to: What's to keep pros-
perity rolling?
Recoverlei are often propelled along by un-
expected. str sngths generated by recovery, it-
self. This is possible in 1965.
Corporate profits have made the great leap
upward:" Frcrn $22 billion after taxes in 1961,
to 825 WM? i in 1962, to $27 billion la 1963,
and in 1964 x) well above $30 billion. This is
a major breekthrough. ,
TROUBLE SPOTS
January 26
The return on invested capital has been
increasing. Th:.s courses through the econ-
omy in unexpected ways and places. It in-
duces corporate boards of directors and
entrepreneurs to put more money into new
capacity and development projects.
This flow-through is discernible in the rail-
roads. For years they were the economy's
stepchildren. Now, profits are up, and this
year's capital expenditures will be three
times those of 1960.
Furthermore, the social needs of modern
living?highways, schools, parking facilities,
hospitals, sewage disposal systems?require
continuing expansion in capital improve-
ments by State and local governments.
These will be a powerful force again this
year.
And the increase in employment?at rising
income levels?widens the base of consumer
demand. Affluence always lifts families into
higher spending brackets.
This widened demand will be reinforced by
an upsurge in marriages. The big crop of
babies born just before and after the end of
the war is reaching the age of nubility.
PRESIDENT AWARE
Finally?and this is what keeps me opti-
mistic?Preisdent Johnson and his economic
advisers are fully aware of the standard fore-
cast: Up in the first half, second half up
also, but not so fast. Such retarded eco-
nomic growth would mean a shortage of
jobs for the bumper crop of 18-to-21 year
olds.
The second stage of the tax cut voted last
year will take effect. This will add somewhat
to incomes. And elimination or reduction
of excise taxes is probable. This will reduce
price tags on higher priced items, such as
autos, furs, etc. Finally, if necessary, Presi-
dent Johnson can have ready a shelf of pub-
lic works?just in case.
The greatest danger this year is external?.
events beyond the mastery of the President
and his aids, such as an international mone-
tary crisis, deeper involvement militarily in
the Far East, disputes with the Soviet Union.
But these are the unpredictables. And in
business and investment planning, it's not
easy to do much about them.
The domestic economic test will come in
the spring. If automobile sales keep pace
with the optimistic forecasts of Detroit exec-
utives, then a good second half will hatch.
Conclusion: As autos go, so will 1965, and
vice versa.
Americans Are Eyeball to Eyeball With
Communism in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HARRIS B. McDOWELL, JR.
OF DELAWARE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, January 26, 1965
Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, the
presses are running overtime today pro-
ducing evaluations of the present situa-
tion in South Vietnam.' Foreign policy
experts are blossoming forth every Mon-
day morning in the tradition of the
"Monday morning quarterbacks."
Some of the articles appearing are in-
deed enlightening and are based an fac-
tual information of responsible reporters
and journalists in the field. Others are
obviously written by those who merely
want to jump on the bandwagon of the
critics.
Without doubt, the military and po-
litical situation in South Vietnam grows
more ominous from day to day. The
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2608 Approved For ReletWang9/2,6; CIMRDP671300446R000500080005-4
sioNAL RECORD --- HOUSE February 15
%PROPOSED ADJUSTMENT OF
WITHHOLDING TAXES
(Mr. M1NSHALL (at the request of
Mr. Gaoss) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. MINSHALL Mr. Speaker, mil-
lions of American taxpayers are shocked
to find themselves owing the Federal
Govermnent a great, deal more income
tax for 1964 than they had expected.
This is a debt few of them anticipated
and that many are not financially pre-
pared to meet without serious economic
hardship.
Because income taxes were underwith-
held by the Government last year,
through confusion and conflict in the
administration's tax rate bill, taxpayers
now must pay the penalty for the Gov-
ernment's carelessness in setting up a
two-stage drop in the tax rate, while
allowing a larger, one-stage drop in with-
holding. Many of u ca,utioned that
payroll deductions would not be large
enough, but no steps were taken to cor-
rect the inequity and taxpayers were
urged to spend their bigger take-home
paychecks. The onus is on the Govern-
ment, not the unsuspecting taxpayer.
Only last week, Congressman UTT in-
troduced legislation to spread payments
due on April 15 over the next year so that
taxpayers will not feel such a heavy im-
pact at this time. Economic problems
on the family level are quickly reflected
in the national economy, and I fear the
repercussions that mass borrowing and
depletion of personal savings accounts
could have. I am therefore cosponsoring
a bill to give taxpayers a chance to adjust
withholding taxes so that the time for
Payment of one-half of the 1964 with-
holding deficiency will be April 15, 1966.
By adjusting withholding taxes during
the balance of 1965, it would, in effect, re-
store a two-stage withholding system to
correspond with the two-stage tax re-
duction.
Because April 15 is drawing near, and
because taxpayers are being urged to file
returns early, I hope that the House will
take remedial action just as quickly as
possible.
CAPTIVE NATIONS
(Mr. ROBISON (at the request of Mr.
GROSS) was .granted permission to ex-
tend, his remarks at this point in the
RRCORD and to ix-101113e extraneous mat-
ter.) ,
Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, this is
indeed a week of great significance in
the history of Lithuania. Not only do
we commemorate the 47th anniversary
of the establishment of the Republic of
Lithuania, but this week also marks the
714th anniversary of the formation of
the Lithuanian state and the 712th an-
niversary of the founding of the Lithu-
anian kingdom,
As we again pause to honor the Lithu-
anian Independence Day, it is sad that
the peoples of that country have little
tp gelebrate. The ,people of Lithuania
and the other Baltic States have now
been under the control of the Soviet
Union for almost 25 years.
I have today reintroduced a concurrent
resolution requesting the President to
bring the Baltic States question before
the United Nations so that these peoples
might once again enjoy the freedom they
hold so dear. While these thoughts are
still fresh in our minds, urge the Con-
gress to adopt this measure as soon as
possible. The peoples of the Baltic States
have already lived too long as captives.
(Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr.
Gsoss) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. FINDLEY'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
GROSS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MOORE'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
GROSS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MOORE'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
Gsoss) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MOORE'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
Geoss) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MOORE'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
4111-ANNIVER,SITY OF
THE SINKING OF THE BATTLE-
SHIP "MAINE" IN HAVANA HAR-
BOR, CUBA
The SPEAKER. Under special orders
heretofore entered into, the gentleman
from Illinois [Mr. O'HARA] is recognized
for 60 minutes.
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
today is the 67th anniversary of the
sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine in
Havana Harbor in Cuba. It is an anni-
versary that veterans of the war with
Spain, which was triggered by the blow-
ing up of the Maine, observed during the
years with appropriate memorial serv-
ices for the Maine's heroic dead, num-
bering 266.
Ninety-two veterans of the war with
Spain were elected by their constituents
to the Congress of the United States,
When I came to the House of Repre-
sentatives in 1949, I was one of four
Spanish War veterans then serving in the
House. Today, I am the last veteran of
that war of 67 years ago in this or the
other body. This has been the case for
a number of years.
Deeply I have felt that this circum-
stance of survival has placed upon me
a responsibility. In respect and affection
for my comrades who are gone, I feel
that to the utmost of my ability I should
continue, as long as I am here, to be a
sort of spokesman for the spirit of 1898.
The spirit of 1898 was a previous ex-
pression of pure patriotism, something
that was in the nostrils and the hearts
and the souls of American men and
women near the film of the century. It
was the spirit of a people responding to
the call of the destiny ahead, a spirit
that with the succession of events it
influenced, truly, can be said to have
turned the course of history.
Every year of my congressional tenure
I have been granted a special order on
February 15 or the date closest thereto
if on February 15 the House were not in
session. I appreciate that as a veteran
of a war fought 67 years ago I cannot
continue this practice for too many years,
I earnestly suggest that after this last
Spanish War veteran is gone, members
of the Veterans of Foreign Wars might
wish to continue the observance on the
floor of this Chamber of the anniversary
of the sinking of the Maine.
It will be remembered, of course, that
the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the
United States was founded by the over-
sea veterans of the Spanish-American
War, sailors who had served in the At-
lantic and the Pacific, soldiers who had
fought in Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto
Rico, and in China during the Boxer
uprising.
Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con-
sent, I insert at this point an editorial
from the February 11, 1965, issue of the
Stars and Stripes, the National Tribune:
SINKING OF THE "MAINE"
The passage of 67 years has dimmed in the
minds of most Americans the historic event
that took place in Havana Harbor. Cuba,
on February 15, 1898.
Few Americans alive today can recall the
mksterious attack upon the battleship Maine
as it lay at anchor off Havana. The explosion
which rent the battleship with the loss of
266 officers and men out of a complement
of 354 was a major disaster and it brought
the United States into direct conflict with
the Spanish Empire.
The sinking of the Maine awakened the
conscience of this Nation and immediately
there arose an insistent demand from mil-
lions of Americans that we go to war with
Spain. Inevitably this decision was made
and history records the splendid accomplish-
ments of the last completely volunteer army
made up largely of American boys in their
teens. More than 6,000 American youths
died in action or from deadly tropical dis-
eases. In addition the lifespan of many
more thousands was curtailed because of
the hardships endured during the campaigns
in the tropical areas.
The plight of the Cuban people particu-
larly had been deteriorating for a number
of years under the dominance of the King-
dom of Spain.
Only 90 miles from our shore, this country
had not only taken official notice of the
sad status of our neighbors but the American
people themselves viewed the situation with
some alarm. Thus it was an easy matter
to step into conflict in an endeavor to gain
freedom for the Cuban people.
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Approved For Release
CONGRESS
or r nts they can:afford, There must be
more vigorous efforts in the District, both
pubic, and private, to take advantage of
all lhe programs now available under the
national housing laws.
e District's urban renewal program
mu 4t make a major efort in the years
ahe d to provide decent housing for low-
arid moderate-income f unifies. The re-
habilitation and renewal project now un-
derway in Northwest Urban Renewal
Area Preject No. 1 may well offer an ap-
proach which can provide experience for
similar projects elsewhere. There must
be vigorous and prompt enforcement of
the housing code, particularly in those
are where continui ag deterioration
ma4 escalate' into irrecoverable slums.
TOi little effort has been exerted to as-
sur that violations are detected and cor-
rec ed promptly. Both eenants and land-
lor s Must be made aware of their
res onsibilities as well as their rights.
? rban renewal powers must be made
available to the District, as they are to
other aLties, to aid in the development
of blighted commercial areas. They are
particularly needed in the central city,
where the demonstrated interest of the
bu inese community insures a fruitful
cooperatlon between pablic and private
eff rts.
ere is need, too, fo: a reorganization
of he urban renewal and public housing
m&chlnery of the District, in order that
it
t
ay be more responsive to the Dis-
tri t's multiple needs. Immediate atten-
tio MuSt be given to changes which will
foe s appropriate responsibility, and
coiimeiurate authority, in the District's
Bo rd of Commissioners. Some delays
ar inherent in major urban projects,
ani no doubt this has been particularly
tn4e during the early years of the urban
re ewal program, but we can no longer
afford or tolerate such delays.
F. Poverty: The District can and
should be a leader and an example to the
N tion in the attack on poverty. Ai-
re dy there is a bold eginning, coordi-
nated by the United P anning Organize-
tin, arid using the combined resources of
th Federal and District Governments
and generous aid from both the Ford and
th Eugene and Agnes E. Meyer Founda-
ti ns. But the war on poverty is not to
be won in one cataclysmic battle. It is
m re a war of attrition, in which there
rn4ist be no letup of effort. The District
in st continue to prone& training, coun-
s ing, employment services, and other
aili on a coordinated and more intensive
is to those who are now unemployed
or so underemployed that they cannot
priovide support for their families. It
mist have a minimum wage la* expand-
e4 to cOver men, as well as women and
cl4ildren. It must provide the education-
all help and other aide which will insure
t at the next generation, the potential
w lfare clients of the 1970's and 1980's,
et the challenge of our new technology
a d become self-supporting. We must
b eak the cycle of poverty and depend-
e cy. It can be done. It will, in the long
^ n, be far less expensive than any other
e urse.
III
The District and tie National Capital
glen: The District of Columbia is no
lager the largest element of the Wash-
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ONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 2607
ington metropolitan region, either in
number o rendents or in-area,' Increas-
ingly, the pre blema of the District blend
into and become a part of regional prob-
lems Transportation, Water, air pollu-
tion, sewdge and waste disposal, fire and
police proteetion, recreation, employ-
ment, arid economic development are
only a mirth I list of matters in which
neither the District nor any other part of
the area can proceed behind its own
jurisdictiena: curtains.
A. Transportation: The most critical
of the regicnal development needs is
transportatien. Washington is now the
only major c apital in the Western World
lacking h rail rapid transit system.
There is 'urgent need to begin the con-
struction of such a system?largely with-
in the District at the beginning, but
eventually eetending into the suburbs
of Maryland and Virginia. I have al-
ready transmitted to the Congress pro-
posed authorizing legislation.
The highway program, both within
and without the District, must likewise
not be allowed to lag. The cooperative
efforts of District and Federal agencies
through the Policy Advisory Committee
to revieW some elements of the program
should be continued. Construction
should proce ed as rapidly as funds can
be made available.
B. Regional development: I have al-
ready indica ;ed my hopes that the Poto-
mac River wil become a model of beauty
and usefulness for the Capital and the
Nation. The re are, however, many other
problems of the Washington metropoli-
tan area for vhich long-range metropoli-
tan solulfione are necessary. The inter-
est of the Pederal Government in the
best develop ment of the region is mani-
fest, arid its cooperation in resolving
regional oro 31ems is essential. We must
encourage and facilitate local efforts to
create effeceive organs of regional co-
operation. In addition, the Federal
Govermnent must utilize its own policies
and programs to assist the region to de-
velop in a way which will maximize the
efficiency as .d economy of Federal Gov-
ernment operations, and which will per-
mit this regi Dn to exemplify to the United
States a:Ind ;o the world the best in re-
gional cooperation and metropolitan
growth. '
Iv
Washingtm as a national capital:
The Dietrict, as the Nation's Capital,
must meet I he special requirements im-
posed on the capital city of a great na-
tion. We are committed to preserving
and enhancing the great avenues, the
great =seams and galleries, the great
sweep of the Mall.
Legislation is being prepared in con-
nection 'with the proposals to transform
PermsylVan .a Avenue from its present
shabby State, to a new dignity and gran-
deur. As long as blight and ugliness dis-
figure itny part of this historic link
between the Capitol and the White
House, dt cannot suitably serve as the
main ceremonial avenue of the Nation,
either tia American citizens or to visitors
from abroad. The proposal need not be
undertaken at once in all of its aspects,
but evev ad and encouragement should
be given to further study and refinement
of its details and to the establishment of
the creative partnership of Goverritent
and private enterprise needed to convert.""
the avenue into a thoroughfare worthy
of the Nation's pride.
There are other areas where needed
improvements can also be accelerated.
The Washington Monument can be given
the setting it deserves as soon as the de-
velopment of ? the freeway from the
Roosevelt Bridge to the 14th Street
Bridge, and the 9th arid 14th Street
underpasses of the Mall permit the elimi-
nation of the 15th Street traffic from
near the base of the monument. The
temporary buildings which huddled at
its base are already gone, and the plans
to improve its immediate surroundings
must be pushed forward.
The Lincoln Memorial, long throttled
by a circle of heavy automobile traffic,
can be freed of its noose as soon as the
freeway running beneath its grounds
permits the area facing the Reflecting
Pool and the monument to be reserved
for the visitor on foot. The memorial
will not achieve its proper setting, how-
ever, until the remaining obsolete and
temporary buildings on Constitution
Avenue are eliminated.
There are many other projects. Tem-
porary buildings on public space
throughout the monument area must
be removed. There is need to carry for-
ward the plans to develop the potential
of the Mall, so that it may be a place of
life and beauty, of pleasure and relaxa-
tion. There is need for a visitors' center
which will provide perspective and
understanding regarding the Federal
Government to the myriad students and
tourists who come to Washington to see
and learn.
There is also urgent need to proceed
with the improvement of the central
business district in a way which permits
full coordination With the progress or
Pennsylvania Avenue. ? The full poten-
tial of Pennsylvania Avenue from the
Capitol to the Anacostia River as a major
entranceway to the city has not been
realized. There is the development of
Washington's waterfront in connection
with the new aquarium. There is the
need to identify landmark buildings and
places, and to work out means by which
to encourage their preservation.
The District presents both a challenge
and an opportunity. Here we have nat-
ural beauty as well as buildings of his-
toric and architectural value. ? The great
sweep of the Potomac River, Rock Creek
Park, and the ring of parks where the old
Civil War forts stood make the District
a city in a park. In its heart the gran-
deur of the Mall, the many circles and
squares, and the great street trees carry
natural beauty to everyone.
? Today there is new awareness of our
urban environment. We can, if we will,
make the District the symbol of the best
of our aspirations. We can make it a city
in which our citizens will live in comfort
and safety, and with pride, and in which
commerce and industry will flourish. We
can make it a capital which its millions
of visitors will admire. All this we must
do. I am sure the Congress will join me
in accepting the challenge.
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
THE WHITE HOUSE, February 15, 1965.
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1964 ,
- -
-`11Phile some historians have seen fit to
minimize the war itself and its afterward
effects, it is a historic fact that the success-
ful conclusion of this warfare brought to
America untold immediate wealth. Victory
made possible the Panama Canal, brought
ultimate success over the dreaded plague
of yellow fever and opened up broad vistas of
world commerce. It can be unequivocably
stated that the lessons learned during this
conflict laid the foundation for victory in
both World Wars.
Now the ranks of the survivors of this
conflict grow thinner each year. Their aver-
age age is well over 83, but they can take
pride and comfort in the fact that they
played a vital role in the making of America
as we know it today.
(Mr. ALBERT (at the request of Mr.
O'HARA of Illinois) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD.)
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, it is a
privilege for me to join our distinguished
colleague, the gentleman from Illinois,
in observing the 67th anniversary date of
the sinking of the battleship Maine in
Havana Harbor, which triggered the in-
volvement of the ,United States in a
Major military action against a foreign
power on foreign soil and in defense of
freedom on this continent. As the House
knows, the gentleman from Illinois was
himself a Member of the Army of over
18,000 Regulars and volunteers who
fought in Cuba in 1898. He served with
the 33d Volunteer Infantry of Michigan
under General Duffield. He is the lone
Member of the House at this time to have
experienced the rigors of the Cuban cam-
paign. He has shared with us his rec-
ollections of the battles and events of
that epic period in our history. Through
him we have come to know the spirit
of liberation and abiding belief in free
government which inspired these cou-
rageous men who fought under circum-
stances rarely s.uffered in modern war-
fare?shortages of munitions and equip-
ment, food, and medical supplies.
He has transmitted to us their deter-
mination to aid the suppressed Cuban
peoples suffering under the yoke, of Span-
ish rule. He has opened our eyes to the
deeds of bravery and self-sacrifice com-
missioned by the troops, and the military
genius of strategegist Maj. Gen. Wil-
liam R. Shafter who commanded the
Army in Cuba, of Gen. Leonard Wood, of
division commanders Lawton and Kent,
and brigade commanders, Chaffee, Haw-
kins, Ludlow and Duffield, all names let-
tered in gold on the rosters of our mili-
tary heroes.
These were the forces which, together
With our strong naval forces under Com-
modore George Dewey, occupied not only
Cuba but Puerto Rico, the Pacific island
of Guam in the Marianas, the harbor
of Manila Bay in the Philippines and
which were indirectly responsible for the
annexation of Hawaii which had been
seeking union, with the United States
since 1893, The peace treaty provided
for full title to the Philippines, cession
of Guam and Puerto Rico and Spain's
relinquishing of sovereignty over Cuba.
These new bases in the Pacific, a boon
to American trade in the Orient and
helpful in offsetting the effects of then
recently acquired Zuropean bases in that
area, were slated to have even greater
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significance in the outcome of a world
war decades later.
This American victory gave the United
States strategic supremacy in the Carib-
bean area, involved it in the problems of
the Far East, spurred the growth of our
Navy, and paved the way for the opening
of the Panama Canal. Destiny, we know
now, at this point in our history, had
called the United States to a leading role
In world affairs. Henceforth, America
turned her gaze outward and, building
upon the base provided by her leadership
In Cuba, commenced a new role on the
world stage.
It is scarcely an wonder that our col-
league, the gentleman from Illinois, trea-
sures his memories of those momentous
days when our country laid aside the
things of her youth, and took up the bur-
dens and glories of world leadership.
He sees these events both from the per-
sonal and the broader national and in-
ternational view. He knows the hun-
dreds of human sacrifices, great and
small, which made possible our emerg-
ence as a world power. He knows that
we have accepted these sacrifices and
perhaps acknowledged them and com-
pensated them too little.
It is a privilege to pay tribute to him
personally and to his comrades of his
early years to whom we owe a debt be-
yond accounting.
(Mr. CRAMER (at the request of Mr.
O'HARA of Illinois) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, it is in-
deed a pleasure for me to join my distin-
guished friend and colleague, the gentle-
man from Illinois, in paying tribute today
to that wondrous breed of men who
fought for America on a purely voluntary
basis during the Spanish-American War.
I believe the gentleman is the only Mem-
ber of Congress serving in the 89th Con-
gress who fought in that war during 1898.
It was 67 years ago today, Mr. Speaker,
that the tragic event occurred. On a
peaceful Sunday evening at Havana Har-
bor in Cuba, 266 Americans lost their
lives when the great Battleship Maine
was torn apart by a terrific explosion.
The sinking of the Maine caused America
to forget her sectionalist problems and
bound her together in a tremendous wave
of patriotism. When President McKin-
ley asked for 125,000 volunteers, more
than 1 million offered their services.
Overnight, "Remember the Maine" be-
came the battlecry of all America.
Although the war was short in dura-
tion, the insurrectionist movement across
the Pacific in the Philippines caused the
Injury or death to many Americans long
after the 10-month war was technically
over.
Mr. Speaker, should you ask a member
of today's younger generation what he
or she knows about the Spanish-Amer-
ican War, you would probably hear the
reply that it was started with the sinking
of the Battleship Maine. But, beyond
that, you would not receive much in-
formation. Like my friend from Illinois,
this to me is a tragedy. I recently picked
up a copy of a sixth-grade history text
and was astonished to note that only
three short paragraphs covered the en-
2609
tire war. When you consider that it was
the Spanish-American War that started
this great Nation on its climb to the posi-
tion of world prominence which she en-
joys today, this is certainly a paradox.
I am hopeful that the historians who
look back upon the events of 1898 will
soon put them into their rightful and
proper perspective.
This is the reason, Mr. Speaker, that
our colleague has reserved this hour to-
day. it is, I am sure, the reason he has
spoken on this topic each and every year
he has been a Member of this august
body. And it is the reason I join in his
cause. It is a just and honest one and I
am certain he shall meet success.
(Mr. ROOSEVELT (at the request of
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois) was given permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD.)
Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, Feb-
ruary 15, 1965, marks the 67th anniver-
sary of the sinking of the battleship
Maine in Havana Harbor, a naval disas-
ter that plunged the United States into
the Spanish-American War under the
popular slogan "Remember the Maine."
That war grew out of the Cuban insur-
rection against Spanish rule that began
in February 1865, an insurrection fought
ruthlessly and ferociously by both sides.
Pressures for American intervention
were resisted by President Cleveland, and
his successor, President McKinley, fol-
lowed the same course during the begin-
ning of his administration. A settlement
seemed in prospect when the destruction
of the Maine led to great anti-Spanish
feeling in the United States. On April
11, 1898, the President sent Congress a
message asking for authority to end the
civil war in Cuba. On April 19, Congress
passed resolutions recognizing the inde-
pendence of Cuba, demanding that Spain
withdraw from the island, and authoriz-
'Mg the President to use the Armed
Forces for these purposes; another reso-
lution disclaimed any American inten-
tion of annexing Cuba. On April 25,
Congress declared that a state of war had
existed from April 21.
A midshipman rescued from the Maine
later became an admiral. Writing of the
sinking of the Maine in his memoirs,
Adm. W. T. Cluverius recounted:
Shortly after three bells, I finished my let-
ter. As I rose from my desk, I heard a sharp
sound * * *. Immediately *there followed a
terrifying explosion.
The explosion that sank the Maine led
to a war which diplomatic historians
consider to be the beginning of the emer-
gence of the United States as a world
power.
The Spanish-American War was
fought by volunteers. Over 5,000 died,
many more from disease than in battle.
The average age of veterans of that war
is now in the eighties. There are very
few of them left. To them, and to the
memory of their comrades of long ago,
we say that we still "Remember the
Maine."
(Mr. MATSUNAGA (at the request of
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois) was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, in
this period of world crisis, when once
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610 CONGRE SION
11
a ain the forces of tyranny are on the
oVe, and once again the cause of free-
m hangs in the balance, it is well to
r Meniber that in many times past
Moss crises have given way to vic-
t ry.
At the close of our great and tragic
ivil War, we found our Nation rent
part and all but devastated. That is to
ay, we were, to all intents and purposes,
thoroughly divided people, with little
lope of ever again acting as a united
ation.
Throughout the world it was widely be-
'eyed that our country was weakened
y warfare to such an extent that no
aticn had reason to respect us as a force
n international poli :des. Acting on this
lief, the agents of royal Spain saw fit
o prey upon our rig ats in the Caribbean
ea. In November 1873, news reached
s of the capture of an American ship,
he 17irginius, by Spanish authorities, off
he coast of Cuba. On November 12,
Onfirmation arrived that Captain Fry of
he Virginias and 36 members of his
area had been exect ted by a Spanish fir-
ing squad, on a charge of "piracy."
Enraged by the e aormity of this atro-
cious act, a great many Americans clam-
ored for war; but rioderation prevailed.
In time, on a basis of negotiation, the
Virginius and her survivors were repatri-
ated to the United 'States.
The belief persisted abroad that we
wer e two nations, North and South, and
that we consequen:ly dared not under-
take a fight in behalf of our principles.
In keeping with this belief, Spanish
abuses continued.
Indeed the battle cry, "Remember the
Maine," is only one of many rallying cries
? we have had in the history of our coun-
try, and tyrants wi I find in the future as
well that fight we will in the cause of
justice and freedom.
For some time toe United States suf-
? fered in patient brbearance?through-
out the 1870's, ti rough the eighties?
? wh de meanwhile conditions worsened in
the Caribbean. Then it happened?the
? stroke that could not be ignored; the
blow we could not overlook.
On the afternoon of February 15, 1898,
the second-class American battleship
Maine lay moored !n Havana harbor, offi-
cially protected by the powers of Span-
ish authority. Then, at 9:40 that night,
two explosions rocked the harbor, throw-
ing parts of the Maine 200 feet in the air.
Two officers and 258 members of the
clam were killed b y the blast Suddenly,
? American patience was exhausted; over-
night we were at war.
?As it turned out; on that occasion, the
United States was not in fact a divided
nation, but whole and sound, capable of
fighting effectively under one flag. In
Short time we swept the enemy before
us, at one and the same moment driving
Spain from the :anks of the Powerful
and donning the mantle of world leader-
ship ourselves?a Mantle we wear to this
very day.
The lesson is c.ear, I think for all to
see. That we, the people of the United
States, will tolerate only just so long the
force of those concerned primarily with
power. Ours is 3. cause established on
principle, and we are convinced that in
every ttst yf strength between principle
and sheer force, principle is stronger.
On that belief we have built this, our
great nation, and are dedicated to help-
ing others to do the same.
? Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Mr. to'll ARA of Illinois. I am happy
to yield to my good friend, the gentleman
from Oklahoma [Mr. EmacoarDsoN]
Mr. ED1VIONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I
thank the gentleman from Illinois for
yielding and I thank him for once again
taking': th( floor to call to the attention
of thia body the historic importance of
February 15 in the history of our Na-
tion. :No person could be a finer spokes-
man Or the spirit of 1898 :than my good
friend; ou: beloved colleague, the gentle-
manfrom Illinois [Mr. O'HARA]. In my
judgment he has been a living embodi-
ment Of that spirit and has reflected that
spirit thr yughout his outstanding serv-
ice as; a Member of this body and in_the
service of his_country which preceded his
time in COngress.
I will certainly undertake in every way
withii my power to be present at any
time thai. he takes the floor to observe
this day. I feel that the spirit of patriot-
ism # Id idled anew in the hearts of all
of us eac.:i time the gentleman from Illi-
nois apeaks on this occasion.
I thanc the gentleman for yielding to
me.
Mr. OMAHA of Illinois. I am very
deeply gaateful to my good friend from
Oklabon a.
M. BOW. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman. yield?
Mr. C 'HARA of Illinois. I will be
ham* to yield to my good friend, the
gentlermn from Ohio [Mr. Bow].
Mt. BOW. Mr. Speaker, I should also
like to cc mmend the gentleman from Illi-
nois tf or bringing to the attention of the
country again this fateful day of 67 years
ago and compliment him :for what he has
done here in the House ? to keep us re-
minded of the war in which he partici-
pated.
As the gentleman knows,. I have the
honor to represent here in the House the
congneslional district of his Commander
in Chief of those days, William McKinley,
who.seraed in this House before becoming
a Member from Ohio and then President
of the 'United States. JC am sure that
Prelident McKinley would greatly ap-
predliate what the distinguished gentle-
man from Illinois has done here today
andl in he past. For that reason I rise
to pay ray compliments to the gentleman
from Illinois.
- Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
I thank the gentleman from Ohio. MaY
I add here that in my opinion there has
been no nobler character in American
history than that of President McKinley;
a daepla religious man and a great Amer-
ican. 'E am proud that as a boy just
turning 16 I responded to President Mc-
Kiriley'.5 call to go to foreign fields and
take up the destiny of America.
Mr, MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Ur. O'HARA of Illinois. I am happy
to yield( to the gentleman from Indiana
[Mg. MADDEN].
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marks.)
Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, several
generations of Americans have but a dim
memory of the Spanish-American War.
The Congress is reminded each year by
our colleague, the gentleman from Illi-
nois, COrigTeSS1119.11 BARRATT O'HARA, of
facts concerning this historical occasion
which are not recorded in the history
books.
Sixty-seven years have passed since
that memorable event which took place
in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898,
the sinking of the Battleship Maine. The
newspapers of that day recorded it as a
mysterious attack upon the great battle-
ship as it lay at anchor off Havana. The
dynamiting of the Maine by the enemy
killed 266 officers and men and this major
disaster brought the United States into
war with the Spanish Empire.
History has recorded in many volumes
the splendid accomplishments of the last
completely volunteer army made up
largely of American boys under 21 years
of age. Over 6,000 American youths died
In action or from deadly tropical dis-
ease. The lifespan of thousands more
was curtailed because of the hardships
endured during the battles in the dis-
ease-infested tropical areas.
In winning the great victory, the
United States served notice on the world
that our Nation was a champion for lib-
erty and when its flag was attacked it
would fight not only to preserve our
honor but to also help gain freedom for
the people of an enslaved neighbor na-
tion.
The Spanish-American War Victory
started America on its road to eventual
leadership of the nations all over the
world, and gave to the people of America
an international status both through
trade and prestige which eventually
brought prosperity and untold success
to the people of our land. The victory
made possible the U.S. construction of
the Panama Canal and also brought sci-
entific medical discoveries against yellow
fever and many more disease plagues
which have relieved world humanity of
untold suffering and death. There is no
doubt but what the Spanish-American
War victory laid the foundation for our
victory in both World War I and World
War II.
The ranks of the heroes of the Span-
ish-American War are growing thinner
as the years and months pass. Very few
veterans of that conflict are alive today
and their average age is around 85 years.
The Members wish to commend our
colleague, the only Spanish-American
War veteran in our ranks in Congress,
BARRA.= O'HARA, for keeping alive this
annual tribute to the leaders and par-
ticipants in that great conflict of over
60 years ago.
Mr. O'HARA, of Illinois. I thank the
gentleman from Indiana.
? Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speak-
er, will the gentleman yield?
Mr O'HARA of Illinois. I yield to the
gentleman from Arizona.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speak-
er, I should like to add my word of com-
mendation of the gentleman from Il-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? MUSE
Timis for bringing again to the? atten-
tion of this House and the country the
stirring days of 1898. On this anniver-
sary of the sinking of the Maine I think
it behooves all of us to look back to those
days and to remember the people who
were heroic in their deeds and who
dreamed dreams which we have seen
come to fruition.
As a Representative of the State of
Arizona I am particularly pleased to be
able to share with the gentleman from
Illinois my respects on this occasion be-
cause, as the gentleman will remember,
many of the Roughriders were re-
cruited from the State of Arizona. One
of the most famous was Bucky O'Neal
Who led one of the companies of Rough-
riders and even at that time was one
of the most famous lawmen of all time,
having been a frontier sheriff whose
name was famous in the Territory of
? Arizona.
So, Mr. Speaker, I think it is an oc-
casion, on which all states of the Union
may take justifiable pride in remember-
ing the exploits, the deeds, not only of
their own sons but the sons of their
sister .States, in that war of 1898.
? So, I hope, Mr. Speaker, and I know it
will be so, that the gentleman from Il-
linois will be here for many years to
bring forth the Memories which we now
bring forth on this day. I certainly wish
for him and all of his fellow veterans of
the Spanish-American War the very best
of everything in the days to come.
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank the
gentleman from Arizona and I might re-
mark that in 1914 when I was touring
the country for the commander in chief
of the United Spanish War Veterans I
? visited Phoenix and one of the great
meetings we had was with the fellow
veterans in Phoenkk? I thank the gen-
- tleman for his comments.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, today
marks the 67th anniversary of the sink-
ing of the battleship Maine, in Havana
Harbor. That tragic event led to the
war with Spain and started a chain reac-
tion that led to freedom for Cuba and
? eventual independence for the Philip-
pines. It also marked the first time that
uniformed Americans served overseas.
In rising to speak on this occasion, I
wish to commend my distinguished col-
league from Illinois for arranging the
time today to observe this historic anni-
versary. He is the last remaining vet-
eran of the Spanish-American War in
the Congress and is one of the few sur-
viving founders of the Veterans of
Foreign Wars. Our esteemed colleague
has maintained a, constant interest in
Latin America, and while he has long
served as chairman of the Foreign Af-
fairs Subcommittee on Africa, he has at
the same time given service as the active,
energetic, ranking majority member of
the Subcommittee on Inter-American
Affairs.
I thank my friend and colleague for
reminding us of the sinking of the
Keane and all the subsequent events
3'v1'iieh. are,?? called to mind when we think
Of Cuba and developments there. It is
Sad to realize that the people of Cuba
have again lost their freedom?this time
No, 29-3
to a dictator from within, aided and sup-
ported by international communism. On
this anniversary it is timely and fitting
that we rededicate ourselves to the use
of every effort to eliminate Communist
domination from this hemisphere.
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, today
is the 67th anniversary of the sinking of
the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana
Harbor.
This is a time to pay tribute to the 226
Americans who lost their lives in this
tragic event that triggered our war with
Spain in 1898.
Today we count Spain among our
friends in the struggle for international
peace, while Cuba is ruled by a dictator
whose sympathies are with our enemies.
On this anniversary of the sinking of the
Maine, our Nation looks to the time, and
it will come, when the freedom-loving
people of Cuba will again enjoy the privi-
leges of liberty and the rights of self-
government. We do this in the name of
the Americans who served and died in
the Spanish-American War.
On this anniversary of the sinking of
the Maine, we extend our compliments
and express our gratitude to the surviv-
ing veterans of the Spanish-American
War and especially, to an outstanding one
of them, a gallant, courageous, and be-
loved colleague and friend, the gentle-
man from Illinois [Mr. O'HARA].
Events of the past few years have fo-
cused new international attention upon
Cuba. Once again the dignity of man
and the future of free political institu-
tions are at stake on that embattled
island. We must not forget the Maine
or Cuba, nor will we drop our guard
against the dangerous influences which
have come to our hemisphere with the
rise of Castro in Cuba. In this time of
difficulty, our hearts will be lifted up by
the memories of those gallant boys of
1898.
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, today we
observe the 67th anniversary of the sink-
ing of the U.S. battleship Maine in Ha-
vana Harbor, with the loss of 260 officers
and men. The news of the frightful
tragedy startled the world. It led to the
Spanish-American War and started the
United States on the road to world power.
The sympathy of our countrymen had
gone out to the Cubans in their long
struggle for liberty. Numbered among
their military leaders were Maximo Go-
mez and Antonio Maceo, men of brav-
ery and patriotism unexcelled in the
annals of any nation. Jos?arti, the
apostle of liberty, belongs in the com-
pany of Jefferson, Bolivar, Lincoln, and
Juarez. Today, in Cuba, these heroic de-
fenders of liberty have been replaced by
men like Fidel Castro, and the world
is poorer because of that change.
In 1895 the revolt in Cuba had flared
up again after more than a decade of
relative tranquillity. As the situation be-
came worse, Fitzhugh Lee, the 'U.S. Con-
sul-General at Havana, appealed for
support in the form of a naval force to
insure the protection of U.S. citizens in
Cuba.
On the morning of January 25, 1898,
the Spanish authorities having been no-
tified of her visit, the Maine, Capt.
2611
Charles Sigsbee, steamed into Havana
harbor and was moored to a buoy 500
yards off the arsenal. The Spanish
officials acted with punctilious courtesy
and the social amenities between Ameri-
can and Spanish officials proceeded ac-
cording to naval protocol. No unusual
incident took place until 9:40 p.m. on
the night of February 15, when two ter-
rific explosions threw parts of the Maine
200 feet in the air. The forward half
of the ship was reduced to a mass of
twisted steel; the after part slowly sank.
Immediately after the sinking of the
Maine a board of inquiry was convened
by the American Government and a sim-
ilar one by the Government of Spain.
In 1912, when the wreck was raised
from the floor of Havana Harbor, a board
of officers of the Navy made a further
investigation. Opinions of experts have
differed, and the cause of the explosion
has never been conclusively established.
It remains one of the unsolved mys-
teries of our time.
Whatever the cause of the appalling
catastrophe may have been, its effect
is clear. News of the disaster produced
great excitement in the United States,
and some newspapers accused the
Spaniards. National feeling about the
difficulties in Cuba crystallized In the
slogan: "Remember the Maine." Rela-
tions between Spain and ?the United
States, already strained by the indigna-
tion of the American people over the
treatment and abuse of the Cubans by
the Spanish Government, reached the
breaking point. The events that fol-
lowed culminated in a declaration of war
on April 25, 1898.
The war that followed taught us the
danger of unpreparedness. It taught us
lessons in sanitation and disease control
which probably saved the lives of thou-
sands in World Wars I and II. It helped
to heal the wounds of the Civil War and
cemented North and South into one
great people under one glorious flag. In
the War with Spain the people of this
country, as always before and since, dis-
played a unity and a patriotism scarcely
matched in the history of the world.
Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, on this,
the 67th anniversary of the sinking of
the battleship Maine, I join with my col-
leagues in honoring the Spanish-Ameri-
can War veterans. In consequence of
that war, tyranny was smashed in the
Caribbean, and, until a few years ago,
democracy prevailed. In a sense all this
resulted from the sinking of a single ship,
the American battleship Maine.
The cost of victory was high, for more
than 5,000 American lives were lost, but
then, as now, Americans have never hesi-
tated to give their lives for the cause of
freedom.
So today let us make clear to the Cas-
troites that the words "Remember the
Maine" are as important as they were in
1893.
Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, the
67th anniversary of the sinking of the
Maine reminds us that this body is hon-
ored to have as one of its Members,
the gentleman from Illinois, BARRATT
O'HARA, the last surviving Spanish-
American War veteran in Congress, who
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CONGRE RONAL RECORD -- HOUSE Febniary
nit only served his country in this war,
b t also in World War I. BARRATT O'HARA
h s always had an intense interest in our
n ighboys to the south. As a boy, he ac-
e Irma-hied an American expedition
lob was marking a route`through Nic-
a agna for an interoceanic canal. He
a ? went with a Smithsonian Institu-
t in party exploring the jungles of Cen-
t al America and was with a U.S. expe-
? tion sent to help settle a boundary dis-
p te between Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
t the age of 15, BARRATT O'HARA, then a
s phomore in high school, enlisted in the
3 d Michigan Volunteer Infantry and
1 nded in Cuba only a few days after
eddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders.
e participated in the seige of Santiago
d Cuba and later was decorated by the
epublic of Cuba for services rendered to
t e people of Cuba d rring their war for
i dependence.
Since then, BARRAT'C O'HARA, has spent
a lifetime in distinguished service to his
c unt-y and the catme of peace. He is
C rrently the chairman of an important
reign Affairs subcommittee and a
s rong supporter of administration for-
e gn policy. I have noticed something
ecial about the gentleman from Illinois
f r. O'HARA]. He never views world
p oblems in a narrow political or eco-
mic sense. He beleves that the hu-
anitarian aspect is of much greater
s gniiicance and, for this I salute him.
Mr. Speaker, we often talk about the
piria of '76" in regard to America's
le in world leadership. Well, there is
so the "spirit of '98,' another milestone
I the fight for freedom. BARRATT O'HARA
s bonzes that spirit, Mr. Speaker, and
I take this occasion to wish him many
ore long years of kervice in behalf of
s country and the free world.
? Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, it is our
vilege to join here today in paying
tribute to those who :'ought in the Span-
14h-American War.
The part that all the brave partici-
nts were to play in this brief but fierce
?nfil at was triggered by the sinking of
t e battleship Maine in Manila Harbor,
this day-67 years ago. This event,
hich is sometimes called "The Pearl
arbor of 1898," was to set off a sequence
o engagements whicn culminated in the
attle of San Juan Hill, and on the 1st
y of July 1898 we tee that courageous
d robust young American, Theodore
oosevelt, storming up the heights of
an Juan hill, spurring his men on.
It was this land action, in support
o our blockade of Santiago Harbor that
a complisheel the destruction of Span-
i h aggression and virtually brought
ut the end of the Spanish-American
ar. To those young Americans who
lid CLown life before it had hardly be-
n, to the Rough Riders and their in-
t epid young leader LS they stormed the
dge.s of San Juan Hill to pave the way
? victory, and to all our brave men who
s rved our great cour try in the Spanish-
mean War, we pay tribute.
But in honoring those who spread the
aunt of this confict, which brought
t e United States to its rightful place
a true champion of liberty, across the
ges of history in the indelible ink of
t eir bravery, we would be indeed remiss
I we failed to honor our own. We have
I
? 1
,
?
among us a distinguished gentleman
whose own brave life reads like the most
imaginative of adventure stories. I
speak of that distinguished gentleman
!from Illinois, the Honorable BARRATT
O'HARA
To say that truth is stranger than fic-
tion is, ur derstating annum O'Haaa's
adventnrot s life. His brave experiences
took hin through that rugged segment of
Ameridan history, the "authors" of
which we honor today. At the brave
young age of 15 years, he landed in
Cuba 3 daas after Teddy Roosevelt and
his RoUgh Riders had blazed the trail of
freedore up San Juan Hill and for his
particioatien in the siege of Santiago
our colleague was awarded the Order of
MilitarY Merit in White, by the Republic
of Cuba, for services rendered to the
Cuban people in their struggle for in-
dependence from Spanish rule.
Each of us here knows of the incredi-
ble braver!' and excitement with which
BARRATT 0 HARA'S life unfolded, and as
our colleague in this great 'body he rep-
resents to 1 ts not only all that is the best
and t4 brave in service to our country
and to hi:. fellowman during times of
stress, but he has distinguished himself
among !us for his long and devoted serv-
ice as 4 M?.mber of the Congress of the
United States. To this brave man we
pay tribute, and by the honor we pay
him as' a s imbol of all that is great and
good Ili our American determination
to protect and preserve freedom among
all peoples, we also do honor to those who
served?as did BARRATT O'HARA?in that
bloody conflict, the Spanish-American
War.
Mr. PA ITEN. Mr. Speaker, it is
natural and right that our distinguished
and belovi al colleague from Illinois is
leading ti e ceremony being observed
today?commemorating the 67th anni-
versarY of the sinking of the battleship
Maine.
BARRhTT O'HARA showed his great
patriotism courage and love of freedom
when he was only 15 years old. He was
then a so ohomore in high school and
enlisted in the 33d Michigan Volunteer
Infantry.
Landing in Cuba 3 days after "Teddy"
Roosevelt And his famous ''Rough Rid-
ers," he took part in the siege of Santi-
ago de Cuba.
Later he received the Order of Military
Merit in White by the Republic of Cuba
for his skill and valor in Cuba's battle
for indep ?.ndence. This remarkable,
versatile and unforgettable man also
served the United States in World War I.
So *hen BARRATT O'HARA takes the
floor tioda, to speak on the Spanish-
American War, he speaks with knowl-
edge, experience and authority. He
knows the horrors of war?but he also
knows 'of the challenge and responsi-
bilities of peace.
the battleship Maine sank in
Whli.
Havan Harbor in 1898, that mysterious
and tragic event affected many American
families, se me in Middlesex County, N.J.,
where a ff w survivors of that war live
today, incl iding a few in my home town
of Perth Al nboy. Despite their advanced
years, these grand Spanish-American
War veterans are still proud, tough and
unconcrer dole.
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Three American sailors from New
Brunswick, N.J., last their lives in the
explosion of that now historic battle-
ship. They were: Frederick L. Jernee,
William H. Robinson and John H. Vieg-
ler.
To honor their service and memory,
a monument was erected and later ded-
icated on May 3C1, 1899. For years it
graced the courthouse area in New
Brunswick, reminding the thousands
who passed of the sailors' sacrifices. It
remained there until Middlesex County
built its new courthouse. A plaque was
later placed in Buccleugh Park contain-
ing a simple but eloquent tribute.
On the 67th anniversary of the sink-
ing of the Maine, let us remember the
bitter and tragic and costly lesson that
we seem to forget?until perfidy strikes
again?as it did in 1941:
That a nation enjoying the serenity
and security of peace should always be
aware of the dangers of treachery.
And that the best deterrent to attack?
surreptitious or open?is a strong,
courageous and vigilant defense.
Let us hope?and make sure?that
our strength remains great, that our
courage remains indomitable, and that
our vigilance remains constant and
alert, to protect and defend the people
and land we love so well.
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am
very pleased to join my beloved colleague,
the Honorable BARRATT O'HARA, of Illi-
nois, in commemorating today the 67th
anniversary of the sinking of the battle-
ship Maine in Havana Harbor, the event
which started our war with Spain in
1898. As a member of the Veterans of
Foreign Wars, I am especially interested
In participating in the observance of this
important episode in our history because
the Spanish-American War Veterans,
who were ,the first uniformed Americans
to serve overseas, were the founders of
the VFW.
In 1898 the United States, motivated
by the highest principles, fought suc-
cessfully to free the Cuban people from
Spanish control, and it is, therefore, es-
pecially tragic that we now find the Cu-
bans under Communist domination. In
contrast to the Spanish-American War,
we witnessed, in the early days of the
Kennedy administration, the abortive
Bay of Pigs invasion, which resulted in
such an inglorious defeat for Cuban and
American forces attempting to restore
independence and freedom to the Cuban
people.
May I take this opportunity to com-
mend MY colleague BARRETT O'HARA, the
only Spanish-American War veteran still
serving in the Congress and one of the
founders of the Veterans of Foreign
Wars, whose outstanding service in the
House of Representatives and dedication
to his responsibilities in the Foreign Af-
fairs Committee are a source of inspira-
tion to all of us.
_ Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, the
sinking of the Maine and the ensuing
war with Spain marked the emergence
of the United States as a world power.
Brief though it was, the Spanish-
American War offered the opportunity
for a demonstration of American military
and naval might over a 10,000-mile arc
/945
from Cuba's San Juan hill to Manila
Bay.
Hitherto concerned principally with its
own problems, the American Republic, at
the turn of the century, had projected
itself, for better of worse, as a force to
be reckoned with in world affairs.
Within our own borders the war of
1898 was a Unifying force. Once more
men from North and South fought under
the same flag. The 4th Illinois Volun-
teer Infantry, made up of several Na-
tional Guard companies recruited in cen-
tral Illinois, served in Cuba under the
command of Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee,
who also had been a general in the Civil
War, on the Confederate side.
At the time thousands of American
youth doubtlessly looked upon the war
with Spain as a glorious military adven-
ture with the idealistic aim of freeing
the Cuban people from a tyrannical rule,
rather than as a turning point in Ameri-
can foreign policy.
No military draft was needed for this
war. Volunteers rallied to the cause in
every town and hamlet, echoing the bat-
tle cry, "Remember the Maine." Some,
like our colleague, the gentleman from
Illin.ois [Mr. O'HARA] even falsified their
age to join the colors. Leaving high
school in Benton Harbor, Mich., at the
age of 15, he landed in Cuba just 3 days
after Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough
Riders.
Sixty-seven years have passed since
the sinking of the Maine in Havana Har-
bor on February 15, 1898. Once again a
tyrannical power has established itself
on that island 90 miles off the shore of
the United States, backed up by inter-
national communism, a much more for-
midable foe than the decadent Spanish
monarchy against which we fought al-
most seven decades ago.
Each generation in our history has
been called upon to make sacrifices in
the cause of the freedoms we hold so
dear. It is appropriate for us here today
to honor those who carried our banner
in the Spanish-American War. This is
also a good opportunity to pause and re-
member that freedom's job is never done.
We have young men who right now are
carrying on the struggle in the jungles
and in the skies of Vietnam.
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, to-
day we commemorate the 67th anniver-
sary of the sinking of the battleship
Maine in Havana Harbor. Far too little
attention has been paid to the war with
Spain that resulted from this tragic event
and to the heroic men who fought it.
I am proud to join my distinguished
colleague from Illinois [Mr. O'HARA], who
Is, as we all know, the last remaining
veteran of this conflict serving in Con-
gress, in observing this anniversary.
The Spanish-Amrican War wao a turn-
ing point in American history. It marked
America's coming of age as a world power
dedicated to the preservation of freedom
around the globe.
The immediate result of our victory
was the liberation of Cuba, Puerto Rico,
and the Philippines from oppressive colo-
nial rule.
But the ultimate significance of the
War extends far, beyond even this. It es-
tablished a permanent American pres-
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CiDNGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
ence In the Pacific committed to the de-
fense of human dignity and liberty.
All of this was accomplished by a force
of American fighting men composed en-
tirely of Volunteers?soldiers who, in
spite of hurried training, insufficient
supplies and equipment, Eind inadequate
protection against tropical diseases, won
a series of brilliant victories on land and
sea.
The service these men rendered their
country?indeed the cause e freedom
everywhere?could never have been ade-
quately repaid. But to our national
shame, never in the history of this coun-
try has any army or its soldiers been
so carelessly treated.
None of the veterans benefits which we
have come to regard as the just due of
American soldiers were provided for the
veterans of the war with Spain. They
were mustered out without bonus or
separation pay. They were given no edu-
cational or vocational training rights.
They were brought under no pension sys-
tem until 1933, and they were not even
provided with hospital care for service-
connected disabilities until some 24 years
after the end of the conflict.
The fact that many of these wrongs
were ultimately corrected was due in
large measure to the efforts of the Veter-
ans of Foreign Wars, an organization
which was founded by veterans of the
war with Spain. Their campaign to ob-
tain justice for the veterans, of this war
has made a significant contribution to
the welfare of the veterans of all our
conflicts,
So, this February 15 is not only an an-
niversary of a great national loss; it also
marks the beginning of the modern era
in American life. It serves as a reminder
of how much we owe to our young men
in uniform.
Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, we
celebrate today a mournful anniversary
of an event which brought this Nation
into war. We celebrate as well, the
valiant and brave spirit of the men who
undertook to defend our flag in that
conflict.
It began with the sudden explosion on
board a battleship, and the American
people then took up the battlecry: "Re-
member the Maine." To those who
served, and especially to our gallant col-
league from Illinois, we owe our tributes
this day.
I sought to recall, when I was consider-
ing this memorial, the story of that
battleship, and so I asked and received
this following brief account, of an hour
we must all have studied:
THE 67TH ANNIVERSARY OF TFIE LOSS OF TUE
BATTLESHIP "MAINE"
The U.S. battleship Maine left the fleet at
Key West on January 25, 1898, and proceeded
to Havana, Cuba. The Maine, rated as a
battleship of the second class, carried four
10-inch guns, two in the forward and two in
the after turret. six 6-inch guns, and a num-
ber of 6- and 1-pounders. Her commander
was Capt. C. D. Sigsbee, and there were 328
men on her rolls in addition to a regular
complement of officers.
The night of February 15, 1898, was hot and
sultry. The Maine had swung around to an
unusual position at the buoy to which she
had been assigned by the Spanish port of&
dela; she had happened to take the position
2613
she would have adopted had there been an
intention to shell the harbor forts. Such
was never her intention.
The usual routine was observed. The chief
engineer reported his department secure:
the various petty officers reported their store-
rooms secure. Eight o'clock lights and galley
fires were reported out, and the ship's lieu-
tenant commander reported to the captain
that everything was secure. At 9, the offi-
cer of the deck mustered the watch, and
made sure the men knew their stations in
the event of an alarm. The captain was
writing in his cabin. Most of the men were
asleep.
At 40 minutes past 9 o'clock, the battleship
Maine, exploding, rose up out of Havana Har-
bor in a burst of fire and smoke. The detona-
tion shook Havana from one side to another.
A rain of debris and the bodies of dead and
wounded men fell back into the waters of the
bay. Two hundred and fifty-four lives were
lost that night, seven of the wounded later
died, and many more of the wounded were
crippled for life.
A Member of this House shortly afterward
spoke thus of them: "No foe had ever chal-
lenged them. The world can never know
how brave they were. They never knew de-
feat; they never shall. Meanwhile a patient
and patriotic people, enlightened by the les-
sons of our history, remembering the woes of
war, both to the vanquished and victorious,
are ready for the,truth and ready for their
duty."
Now, as then, Americans "Remember the
Maine."
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I want
to commend my able and good friend,
the distinguished gentleman from Illi-
nois [Mr. O'HARA.] for again taking note
of this special anniversary occasion.
I believe it was President Kennedy who
said that a knowledge of the past pre-
pares us for the crisis of the present and
the challenge of the future. The Vet-
erans of Foreign Wars of the United
States, founded, as the gentleman has
said, by the Spanish War Veterans, has
contributed beyond measure to the
strength and security of these beloved
United States and to the promotion
among our people of a high sense of
patriotism and devotion to national duty.
So I take pleasure in joining in this
public note of the good work of
the Spanish War Veterans and the
Veterans of Foreign Wars and of the
gentleman from Illinois in taking the
leadership in bringing this to the atten-
tion of the House and the country. I
felicitate the gentleman and wish him
the continued privilege.
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, today,
In the midst of international turmoil, we
pause to recall another moment, imme-
diately preceding the turn of the cen-
tury, when our Nation, then as now,
stood face to face with both violence
and destiny.
Just as we, today, view with shock and
alarm the aggressive and destructive pol-
icies of Red China and the Vietcong, so,
67 years ago, Americans were shocked
and alarmed by the outrageous policies
of royal Spain. From the close of the
Civil War through the 1870's, 1880's, and
1890's, Spanish and American shipping
engaged in the fiercest kind of com-
mercial rivalry. Moreover, from 1868
to 1878 the Spanish Government en-
deavored, unsuccessfully, to put down
rebellion on the island of Cuba, knowing
full well, as they did so, that the Amer-
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ican people wanted Cuba to be free.
Consequently, when the war for Cuban
independence was revived, in 1895, the
Spanish authorities regarded the United
States as a party to the act, in spirit if
not in deed.
With all this in the background, the
American Government endeavored,
nonetheless, to keep the peace with
Spain and, in January, 1898, the second-
class battleship Mzine was ordered from
Key West to Havana on a friendly visit.
For 3 weeks the ship lay. moored in Ha-
Vaila, Harbor. Then, on February 15, at
9:40 p.m., two explosions rocked the har-
bor, and the Maine was blown sky high.
Two hundred and sixty Americans gave
their lives in the tragedy, and virtually
the next moment, the United States and
Spain were at war.
The sinking of the battleship Maine
set in motion a series of events which
catapulted this Nation to the front rank
of world power. It immediately resulted
in war with Spain, thereby testing for the
first time the mett!e of American men in
battle on foreign soil, fighting a wholly
different variety o manifest destiny.
The consequences of that war are still
with us. And the bravery and sense of
adventure which characterized our troop
forces in that war form a memorable
part of our national heritage.
With the 67th arniversary of the sink-
ing of the' Maine, it is appropriate that
we contemplate this period in American
life, the turn of the century, for I think
It is full of meaning and pregnant with
lessons which today yearns for a closer
hearing.
Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speak-
er, 07 years ago tor ight, on February 15,
1893, at 9:40 p.m., 266 American service-
men lost their lives in defense of free-
dom when the battleship Maine was
blown up in Cuba's Havana Harbor.
Sixty-seven years ago--this was before
most of the Members of this great body
were even born. To most Americans
today, unfortunately, this event is noth-
ing but a dimly recollected Passage in a
high school American history book, an
event which caused a war that was over
in less than 3 rr.onths. Names like
Capt. Charles Sig sbee, Gen. Fitzhugh
Lee, Chickamauga and San Juan Hill
stir vague memories, perhaps, but bring
no feelings of pride, or anger, or grief.
But 67 years ago, "Remember the
Maine" was the rat ying cry of a nation,
battle cry of an army, the victory cry of
freedom. It was the "Remember the
Alamo" of later years, the "Remember
Pearl Harbor" of earlier years. Five
weeks after the Maine was sunk, the
President issued a call for 125,000 volun-
teers. More than 1 million took up this
call to arms, and answered. And these
en were volunteers--they served long-
er than the boys of World War I, and at
one-half the pay. Their death losses
ere, percentagewise, six times those of
e World War I soldiers. They received
one of the insurance benefits, separa-
ion pay or pensicns that subsequent
eterans have received. And these men
olunteered, rememoer, in the days be-
ore there was a compulsory draft law.
hey were poorly fed and poorly
quipped and poorly organized. Yet
theie men, representing this country,
never lost a battle, never suffered a re-
vel*, never retreated once. This war
has ,gore down in history as a relatively
"minor and easy" one, because we won
so quickly. But gentlemen, we were
fighting Spain?a nation that at that
time was considered to be one of the
four gr e at national powers of the world.
And indeed, our victory there resulted
in More than an assurance of continued
pea* and freedom in the Western Hem-
isphere. It mended the rift caused by
the Civil War. Once more American
boys, bcth northern and southern, were
united in a cause, fighting side-by-side
in defense of liberty. And the victory
paved the way for the construction of the
Panama Canal, which every nation has
since benefited from. We let the rest of
the World know that the United States
of America was now a power to be reck-
oned with, a power that would not idly
stand 133- while a strong nation oppressed
a weaker one. And now, 67 years later,
the Wor: d still knows this, for many of
our boy e still lie in faraway places like
Guain E-nd Okinawa and France, and
across the Potomac in Arlington, boys
who like those back in 1898, died-preserv-
ing the :ights of other peace-loving na-
tions, ar.d other freedom-loving peoples.
The lessons we learned in the Spanish-
American. War saved the life of many
an lime :Jean soldier in World Wars I
and 11.
So, as we drift off to sleep tonight, gen-
tlemen, tet us remember that ours is a
better A nerica today, a stronger Amer-
ica tecia:r, and ours is a better world to-
day, a m ore peaceful and free world to-
day, :bec ause of the brave battles of a
brave country 67 years ago, and let us
say R prayer for those 266 men who died
on the bE ttleship Maine.
Mr. O'ElARA of Michigan. Mr. Speak-
er, 67 years ago in the spring of 1898,
Americans trooped off to war. They
went, into that war with a slogan "Re-
member the Maine" ringing from their
lips.
Today Mr. Speaker, we mark the 67th
anniVers try of the tragic event that gave
birth: to that phrase. While moored in
the waters of Havana Harbor, the battle-
ship 43faine was rocked by an explosion
and sun c and the United States was
plunged :nto a war with Spain.
That February 15, Mr. Speaker, was
a tragic Ind fateful day for the sinking
of the Maine was an act of destruction
and deat a.
A 'jays I court of inquiry convened by
Rear' Ad n. Montgomery Sicard found:
The deszuction of the Maine occurred at
9:40 p.m. -3n the 15th day of February, 1898,
in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, she being
at the time moored to the same buoy to
which she had been taken upon her arrival.
There war o two explosions of a distinctly dif-
ferent character, with a very short but dis-
tinct tnte:wal between them, and the for-
ward part of the ship was lifted to a marked
degree at the time of the first explosion. The
first efplohlon was more ;n the nature of a
report likf that of a guts while the second
explosion ?vas more open, prolonged, and of
greater volume. This second explosion was,
in the opinion of the court, caused by the
partia1 exr lasion a two or more of the for-
ward magazines of the Maine
The court finds that the loss of the Maine
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Februcify t15
on the occasion named was not in any re-
spect due to fault or negligence on the part
of the officers or members of the crew a
said vessel. In the opinion of the court, the
Maine was destroyed by the explosion of a
submarine mine, which caused the partial
explosion of two or more of the forward mag-
azines. The court has been unable to ob-
tain evidence fixing the responsibility for
the destruction of the Maine upon any per-
son or persons.
The Spanish Government had a dif-
ferent opinion, on March 22, 1898, its
naval board of inquiry found:
That the important facts connected with
the explosion in its external appearance at
every moment of its duration having been
described by witnesses, and the absence of
all circumstances which necessarily accom-
pany the explosion of a torpedo having been
proved by these witnesses and experts, it can
only be honestly asserted that the catastro-
phe was due to internal causes.
The list of the Maine dead covers three
pages printed in very small type. On
that tragic night 67 yens ago, 254 lives
were lost, 7 wounded men died a short
time later, and many of the wounded
suffered from the effects of their in-
juries for the rest of their lives.
Spanish-American War Veterans have
traditionally observed February 15 with
appropriate ceremonies. They have
cause for great pride in their own com-
pletely voluntary service. There was
no draft in their war. Since serving
their country Sc) well as patriotic young
men, their ranks have grown thin.
Mr. Speaker, on this anniversary of
the loss of the Maine, we salute the vet-
erans of the Spanish-American War and
pay our tribute to the memory? of their
comrades.
Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, 67 years
ago today the Nation was horrified by the
news that the Maine had been sunk in
Havana Harbor. On a peaceful Tuesday
evening the great battleship was torn
apart by a terrific explosion that cost the
lives of 260 officers and men.
The Maine, a second-class battleship
built at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, was
launched on November 18, 1890, and
commissioned on September 17, 1895.
Although she was small compared to
modern warships, in her day the Maine
was formidable. She was 324 feet long
and 57 feet at the beam, and had a dis-
placement of 6,650 tons. Her armament
consisted of four 10-inch guns, six 6-
inch breech-loading rifles, seven 6-
pounder rapid-fire guns, eight 1-pound-
ers, and four Gstling machineguns. In
addition, she had tubes for four torpe-
does.
Hostilities had broken out again in
Cuba in 1895 after a decade of relative
tranquility. As the situation grew stead-
ily worse, the American people were
moved by a deep sympathy for the Cu-
bans who were engaged in a long struggle
for liberty. On January 24, 1898, the
Maine was ordered to Havana, ostensibly
"to resume the friendly naval visits at
Cuban ports." The actual purpose was
to protect U.S. citizens who might be
endangered by the increasing friction be-
tween the United States and Spain.
At 11 a.m. on January 25, the Maine
steamed in past Morro Castle. The cus-
tomary salutes were fired and the Maine
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proceeded into the harbor and dropped
anchor where the harbormaster directed.
A trained investigator might have de-
tected an undercurrent of feeling, but
official calls were made and the social
amenities were observed. For 3 weeks
no untoward incident occurred.
Then, at 9:40 p.m. on February 15,
two explosions threw parts of the ship
240 feet in the air and illuminated the
whole harbor.
Reports of the disaster were received
In the United States with consternation.
Accusations against- the Spaniards were
freely expressed in certain American
'newspapers. Most Americans held Spain
responsible, although the evidence was
never sufficient to fix the blame officially.
Some 2 months later came the Spanish-
American War which was to mark the
collapse of the Spanish Empire and the
emergence of the United States as a
world power,
Referring to the slogan, "Remember
the Maine," Captain Sigsbee, the tom-
Mander of the ship, later had this to say:
Therefore I conceive the motto, "Remember
the Maine" used as a war cry would not have
been Justifiable. Improperly audied, the
motto ? * * savors too much of re-
venge * * * but it may be used in an en-
tirely worthy sense. During the recent war
with Spain about 75 men were killed and
wounded in the U.S. Navy. Only 17 were
?killed. On board the Maine 252 men were
killed outright and 8 died later?nearly 15
times as many as were killed in the U.S. Navy
by the Spanish land and naval forces during
the entire war. In the way that the men of
the Maine died and suffered there was enough
of the heroic to provide a sound foundation
for the motto, "Remember the Maine."
It is in this way that we, in our ob-
servance here today, seek to "Remember
the Maine."
Mr. MULThat. Mr. Speaker? 67 years
ago these headlines flashed across my
home State of New York, "Maine Blown
to Atoms in Havana Harbor: Over 100
of Her Crew Killed. Three-million-dol-
lar Battleship Destroyed by a Terrific and
Mysterious Explosion While Her Men Are
Sleeping."
? Today, on the anniversary of this dis-
aster, we remember that it was this news
which ignited the sympathies of the
American people and which pushes a
long series of events toward a climax.
On April 25, 1898, the United States de-
clared war against Spain and the Span-
ish-American War began. And it began,
said President McKinley, "in the name of
humanity, in the name of civilization, in
behalf of endangered American inter-
ests." .
The actual cause of the destruction of
the Maine remains now as it was then a
?mystery. No conclusive proof has ever
been produced which could definitely fix
the blame in the tragedy. But in 1898,
as the news spread that 269 American
officers and crewmen had lost their lives
and as some newspapers freely accused
Spanish agents of responsibility, public
'opinion, already in strong and open sym-
pathy with Cuban patriots, crystallized
Into the slogan: _"Remember the
Maine."
For years, the Cuban people had
sought to throw off Spanish misrule and
oppression. They had engaged in a he-
roic but unsuccessful effort for independ-
ence between 1868 and 1878, the Ten
Years' War. During that revolution the
American people, though strongly sym-
pathetic to the Cuban cause, had only
given expressions of support.
But in 1895, when revolution broke out
anew against the continuing corruption
of the Spanish administration, the peo-
ple of the United States showed increas-
ing alarm. From the beginning, the
struggle in Cuba took on aspects of fe-
rocity that horrified Americans. Vivid
accounts were reported to the public in
a theretofore unprecedented era of
journalistic coverage.
The extreme methods of coercion used
by Gen. Valeriano Weyler?or "Butcher"
Weyler, as he soon came to be called by
the press?were well known. Americans
watched helplessly as he, in an attempt
to stamp out the Cuban guerrilla forces,
ordered the entire civilian population of
certain areas confined to concentration
camps. There, they died by the thou-
sands, victims of disease, malnutrition,
and atrocities.
Against this background, it is not sur-
prising that when the battleship Maine
exploded a white-hot wave of anger
gripped the American people. Within a
few short months, 1 million of the young
men of this country had volunteered to
fight side by side with the Cuban patriots
until the despotism of Spain could be re-
moved from that island.
There are some who seek to detract
from the American contribution to the
Cuban cause, but, as an editorial from
the Havana Post of 1959 states:
There can be no successful mutilation of
the history of Cuban and U.S. allied coopera-
tion in the war of Independence. * * One
has only to see those names on the bronze
plaques on San Juan Hill, just outside Santi-
ago, to know the extent of the aid given the
cause by the United States.
On those plaques, one finds inscribed
the names of Americans from every State of
the Union who gave for the cause of Cuba
the most that any man can give for any
cause. They gave their lives.
Today, we pay tribute to the idealistic
and courageous young men who fought
for and gave their lives for the freedom
and independence of a neighboring peo-
ple. We pay special tribute, also to the
valor and the patience of the Cuban peo-
ple who have found it necessary to strug-
gle almost continually over the years for
their liberties.
And today, a black cloud is again
heavy over this beautiful Caribbean is-
land. Its people again know the horrors
of tyranny. Again, they are showing
courage and heroism in their struggle
against it. Today, as we remember the
Maine of 67 years ago, let us also re-
member the present.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker,
throughout our history, America has
responded to acts of aggression with a
special courage, decisiveness and will to
succeed which have become legendary
in the annals of the defense of liberty.
Regardless of the strength of our op-
ponents, those who have challenged us
have been defeated or deterred. We have
often succeeded in making allies of
former enemies; individuals and govern-
ments wise enough to join in the ancient
and enduring struggle for peace and
liberty.
2615
America, itself, symbolizes many things
to the people of the earth. Of all these
symbols, perhaps our greatest strength
lies in our ability to sustain countless ir-
responsible acts and errors of statesman-
ship with patience and prevailing wis-
dom. However, foolishly unmindful of
our determination to defend our freedom,
other nations have on occasion mis-
judged our patience for cowardice and
indeeision.
Such an error in judgment led Spain
into believing we would not defend our
interests in the Carribbean. On Febru-
ary 15, 1898, the Battleship Maine was
sunk in Havana Harbor. And before the
world had time to digest the news, the
United States had reacted swiftly, surely
and with great strength. Our war with
Spain involved some of the bloodiest and
most individually gallant sacrifices in our
history, yet they were in our American
tradition and, in the end, our just cause
prevailed.
Although some 67 years have passed,
we have continued to demonstrate our
strength and ow determination never to
yield when the price is the loss of liberty
for ourselves or our allies. Those in
other nations who would wish us ill had
best be reminded of our willingness to
bear any burden to secure liberty for all
those men who seek it and who will join
in fighting alongside us to obtain it.
The men who fought at San Juan Hill,
at Bunker Hill, at Pork Chop Hill earned
us the right to live in peace with one an-
other and the world. We would do them
a grave injustice if we failed in our his-
toric defense of the self-determination
all men seek in their hearts.
On this 67th anniversary of the sink-
ing of the Maine, it is an honor to stand
with my colleagues and fellow citizens in
commemorating the heroism and the
love of justice which have made our
country the bulwark of freedom through-
out the world.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speak-
er, I ask unanimous consent that all
Members may have 5 legislative days in
which to extend their remarks on this
subject.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentleman
from Illinois?
There was no objection.
THE WAR IN VrETNA1VI AND AMERI-
CAN DEFENSE POLICY
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
H,Iwicnsrs) . Under previous order of the
House the gentleman from Oklahoma
[Mr. Eamonasonl is recognized for 20
minutes.
(Mr. EDMONDSON asked and was
given permission to revise and extend his
remarks and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, the
past week has served to bring home
forcefully the hard and bitter truth that
our country is engaged in war in Viet-
nam.
It has been apparent for some time
that our Government's stake in the say-
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CONGRE
e straggle in Vietnam is a major one,
w th more than 23,000 American officers
d men engaged in assisting the forces
Oi South Vietnam, et a daily cost' in
e cess of $2 million.
On February 6, Vietcimg guerrilla
farces entered an American air base at
P eiku and blasted planes, helicopters,
a d barracks on the base, leaving 8 of
o r enlisted men dead and more than 125
uneled.
The following day, the President of the
itecl States ordmed an air strike
ainst military targets in North Viet-
and fighter bombers from three of
r carriers were involved in action more
an 50 miles north Cf the 17th parallel,
ich divides North and South Vietnam.
The President proceeded to order the
thdrawal of 1,800 American depend-
e- ts from Vietnam, and declared on be-
h lf of our Government:
We have no choice row but to clear the
d cks and make absaately clear our con-
t ued determination tc hack South Vietnam
I its fight to maintair its independence.
In the days which have followed that
p esidential announcement, Vietcong
f rces have engaged in another savage
a tack upon quarters occupied by Ameri-
c n forces, inflicting heavy casualties ,
a d bringing the total number of Ameri-
c ns dead by Vietcong action to nearly
310.
In response to the enemy attack of
ebruary 9, 160 planes of the United
ates and Sotith Vietnam joined in the
rgest aerial attack of the long conflict,
liking at a series of supply depots and
jittery barracks north of the 17th
rall el.,
lt
The scope of the massive air strike on
ebruary 10, in which more than 100
planes from Americ an carriers at sea
'nett fighter-bombers of the American
'jr Force and those of South Vietnam,
oke far more effectively than mere
ords of this Nation's "continued deter-
ination."
HOIVIEFRONT QUESTIONS
In the wake of an unquestioned escala-
t on of military acti-n during the past
eek, many Americans were asking
s arching questions--both publicly and
? rivately?concerning the course of the
ar.
With regard to the central aim of our
resence in Vietnam, the President has
1 ft no room for reasonable doubt. He
as said publicly that he considers it
ssential" to American interests to de-
t the Communist aggression against
outh Vietnam. He has declared his
c.nvition that our failure there "would
?nvince every nation in south Asia that
must now bow to Communist terms
survive."
Notwithstanding these strong words,
ith their clear commitment of U.S.
?restige as declared by the Nation's Chief
xecutive, the charge is now heard in
ore than one quar ter that the extent
nd validity of that commitment remain
ncertain and ill-defined.
In the New York Times for Sunday,
ebru.ary 14, 1965, both Arthur Krock
nd James Reston have voiced their pro-
t st over White House failure to "make
t ings clear" and to advise of "plans to
eet whatever contingencies may arise
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SIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE February ,15
from tise new U.S. policy of immediate
and in4reasingly powerful military re-
prisal."'
Mr. Krock and Mr. Reston were chiefly
concerned with the absence of informa-
tion and knowledge at home concerning
the depth and breadth of our Vietnam
commi4ner.t.
Other cc mpetent observers, however,
have been even more concerned about
the effect of uncertainty in the Commu-
nist world.
Writing in the Washington Post for
February 14, 1965, Donald S. Zagoria?
in an article entitled, "Communists Doubt
Our Will in Vietnam"?reported as fol-
lows:
The Comitunists have long believed that
the 'United States would not have the pa-
tience ok will to stick out the war and re-
cent stitten ents by influential Americans
calling or nagotiation and/or withdrawal al-
most chrtainly increased their optimism.
They have Ill along eagerly seized on any
American at ttements urging negotiation and
withdratval. In the past 8 months, several
promineart American Senators, columnists,
and nevispa >ors have called for negotiations
and, in the absence of a clear-cut policy,
rumors dev ;loped that the administration
was in fawn of negotiation.
All this doubtless strongly reinforced the
Communist belief that victory in South Viet-
nam wah close at hand.
In the c pinion of Mr. Zagoria, "two
bombing artacks will not suffice" as suf-
ficient prem sure "to bring a reluctant Ho
Chi Minh to the conference table."
They will not so easily give up at the con-
ference tabla what they have fought so hard
and so loin; on the battlefield to achieve,
and at a time when final victory seems near?
Mr. ei,g-cTia concludes.
A memt er of Columbia University's
Researeh I utitute on Communist Affairs
and the au thor of "The Sino-Soviet Con-
flict, 1956-61," Mr. Zagoria has impres-
sive ceede -itials as a commentator on
Coenmunis, thinking. His conclusion
that tir Communists question our will
and de ern dilation in Vietnam may well
provide the key to understanding of Viet-
cong p6lic3- .
Mr. i?,os roe Drummond, also writing
in the IVV, aehington Post on February 14,
shares the view that American policy
statem'ents "have not persuaded the
Asian Communists the United States
really belie yes that turning back the ag-
gression against South Vietnam is es-
sential Cr that we intend to do what-
ever is necessary to see that this aggres-
sion will nyt be defeated."
The rhason is?
Writes Mr. Drummond?
that action, not words, make policy believ-
able to the enemy. Our actions in Vietnam
have ncit equaled our words. We have treat-
ed this was as though winning it were essen-
tial to Sou .h Vietnam but not essential to
the United States. We have for the most
part porn-tilted North Vietnam to practice
aggression Ind enjoy immunity. Secretary
Rusk ohce gave a somber cease-and-desist-
or-else *tarring. When it was not heeded, we
did nothing.
Up lintf the last week, Mr. Speaker,
that was more or less the situation, and
the pl4in truth about the impression
which we had created in Asia concerning
our porcy in Vietnam. We were send-
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ing thousands of men, and spending mil-
lions of dollars, but we were not con-
vincing the Communists of our inten-
tion to do everything necessary to defeat
aggression in Vietnam.
CHANGE 3N DIRECTION
Now, in the words of Mr. Drummond,
"something more is being done."
We have undoubtedly convinced the
Communists in North Vietnam of our
intention and readiness to hit, and hit
very hard indeed, when American mili-
tary forces in Vietnam are attacked di-
rectly by the Vietcong. We have made
it very clear that North Vietnam is not
a privileged sanctuary, and we have dem-
onstrated that our forces are not afraid
to cross the 17th parallel.
Without question, we have ,also im-
pressed the Communists of Asia with the
quality and effectiveness of American air
forces?both land and sea\-based?and of
the rising quality and effectiveness of the
air force of South Vietnam.
Finally, and notwithstanding some
critics, President Johnson has undoubt-
edly rallied the support of an overwhelm-
ing majority of his fellow citizens in sup-
port of his policies of the past week.
In the Congress, leaders of bath parties
have spoken out strongly in support of
the air strikes on North Vietnam.
In the press, editorial comment across
the Nation has generally approved, and
most have agreed with the Seattle Times
that the President "has the overwhelm-
ing support of the American people."
Even Mr. Reston, in his largely critical
column, declared that "very few people
here question the necessity for a limited
expansion of the war by U.S. bombers
into Communist territory."
And yet, while there is general agree-
ment that the situation in Vietnam has
entered a radically new phase, I have
not found a single authority who believes
the bombing attacks of last week will re-
sult in early conclusion of the long and
bloody conflict?either by military vic-
tory or the conference table.
On the contrary, Mr. Zagoria is em-
phatic in the belief that "persistent and
heavy pressure" must be brought to bear
against the North, and offers the view
that "positive incentives"?both eco-
nomic and diplomatic?should also be
offered as an alternative to widespread
destruction in North Vietnam.
Mr. Drummond is convinced that we
must make it clew: that we are prepared
to participate in joint air strikes with
the forces of South Vietnam in response
to Vietcong attacks upon Vietnamese
forces, as well as in response to attacks
upon Americans. Such a willingness is
indispensable to our relations with South
Vietnam, and would make even more
clear our determination to halt Commu-
nist aggression in that country.
The Drummond view on this last point
is shared by Rowland Evans and Robert
Novak, writing from on the scene in
Saigon, who say our relationship with
Vietnamese forces in the field is at stake
in the decision to use our planes to coun-
ter attacks upon the forces of South
Vietnam.
Unless our "forward strategy" of the
past week is "continued and intensified,"
in the view of these Saigon observers,
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3134 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE February 19
tomers this extremely important question:
Would we, and our country as a Whole, be
better off if the railroads (and, possibly, the
other public carriers) were nationalized?
On the shippers' answer to that question,
rather than on the contentions of a group of
sulking and possibly vindictive labor union
leaders, the Federal lawmakers should base
their decision for or against nationalization,
if and when proposed legislation is intro-
duced in Congress to implement the recent
agreement, by a "unanimous majority" of
the members of the Railway Labor Execu-
tives' Association, to press for Government
ownership Of the U.S. railroads.
In a Federal administration that in more
than one way has revealed pro-labor-union
leanings, any proposal that has the back-
ing of several labor organizations must be
regarded as "strongly backed." Por that rea-
son, Traffic World proceeded, shortly after
the REBA announcement of advocacy of rail-
road nationalization, to mail questionnaires
to industrial and commercial traffic execu-
tives on the Traffic World subscription list,
asking them to state their views on the rail-
road nationalization issue. We were a bit
reluctant to send out this questionnaire be-
cause we realize that many good citizens are
generally hostile to the idea of filling out
questionnaires. However, we were at the
same time hopeful that the questionnaire
returns would be numerous enough to re-
flect adequately the attitude of a substantial
majority of the principal transportation-
service users of this country toward sub-
stitution of public ownership for private
Ownership of the American railroads.
None of us in the editorial department
of this magazine, not even the editorial as-
sociate who promoted and devised the ques-
tionnaire, dared to predict that the percent-
age of questionnaire returns would be half
as large as it actually was. The question-
naires were mailed to 5,500 of our subscrib
era. The morning of February 11 the return
totaled 2,467?and more were received wit
each mail delivery. Checking of the answers
restealed the significant fact that more than
'96 percent of the friends pf Traffic World who
filled out and returned the questionnaires
were firmly opposed to the placing of the rail-
roads in the Government's hands. All but a
few of these respondents (as shown in our
report on the questionnaire returns, on other
pages of this issue) stated explicitly their
reasons for opposing nationalization of the
rail carriers.
To all the Traffic World readers who re-
Asponded so promptly and helpfully in this
referendum by mail we say, "Thank you very
much. We feel sure that if and when the
nationalization issue is brought out into the
open on Capitol Hill, the opinions you have
' expressed, anonymously but clearly and
forcefully, will help the legislators to make
the right decision."
In a speech in Cleveland, February 4, Dean
George P. Baker, of the Harvard Graduate
School of Business Administration, who is
chairman" of the TAA board of directors,
' specified five good reasons for junking the
nationalization proposal which, he said,
would be "a national disaster if /imple-
mented."
These would be the disastrous results of
nationalization of the railroads, Dean Baker
-asserts:
1. Government monopoly would be substi-
tuted for the private competition upheld and
advocated by President Johnson and the late
President Kennedy.
2. The Cost (to the taxpayers) of national-
/ging the railroads Would he at least $50 bil-
flon, and the taxes now paid by the railroads
would be lost to the Government.
3, Bargaining issues in dispute between
rail labor unions and the owner-manager of
the railroads (the Government) would be
Converted into political footballs.
4. By nationalizing an industry that has
operated long and successfully as a part of
the American private enterprise system, we
would be making a false confession of weak-
ness of our capitalistic system.
5. Nationalization of one large industry
would be likely to cause public indifference
to, or acceptance of, proposals for nationali-
zation of other modes of transportation and
other key industries, and the United States
would be converted from a capitalistic to a
socialistic country.
In May 1963, Eugene Landis, the director
of transportation of the International
Minerals & Chemicals Corp., made a speech
in Jacksonville in which he satirically en-
visioned some transportation news stories
that might be published in 1970 if the rail-
roads were to be nationalized. He read an
imaginary "dispatch" about issuance by the
Director General of the Federal Railway Sys-
tem of a temporary order making a 12-hour
demurrage rule effective immediately, "be-
cause of the backup of train shipments at
the east coast ports." Other imaginary
"dispatches" that he read pertained to estab-
lishment of a new rate structure "based on
the 435 newly, created Federal Railway dis-
tricts"; the subsequent cancellation of that
"module rate system" after a flood of pro-
tests against it; a critical car shortage, and
ultimate denationalization of the railroads,
in order to clear up the mess resulting from
Federal ownership.
Mr. Landis and many other traffic execu-
tives and defenders of private enterprise aver
that Government ownership of the for-hire
carrier ar would be inefficient and costly.
They and we are in hearty agreement with
the opinion written by one of the respond-
ents in our referendum by mail:
"I d 't b lieve Uncle Sam could run a
peanut
BA FIDEL CASTRO?AD-
DRESS B MISS JUANITA CASTRO
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, early last
Year the world was startled by the news
that Fidel Castro's sister, Miss Juanita
Castro, had defected to Mexico, and
that her first action was to go on the
air to denounce the Castro regime for
what it had done to the Cuban people
and for what it planned to do to the
Peoples of the Americas.
Since her defection, Juanita Castro
has been an indefatigable speaker
against Castro tyranny. No one has
warned more eloquently or more stub-
bornly than she against the danger of
doing nothing about Castro.
In a speech which Miss Castro deliv-
ered before the Los Angeles World Af-
fairs Council, on February 8, she made
several statements which I wish to call
to the attention of the Senate.
About Fidel, Juanita Castro said the
following:
After studying Fidel closely, I am sure
that we are in the presence of another Hitler.
If Fidel had at his disposal the enormous
resources which were Hitler's, humanity
would already be deeply entrenched in
world war III. Fidel's hatred is aimed not
only against the United States but also
against all of his fellow men. It does not
matter to him that he may bring catastro-
phe to the nations of the hemisphere so
long as he is able to satisfy his brutal am-
bition of conquering and dominating the
continent.
About Fidel Castro's plans for Latin
America, Jaunita Castro said that she
had heard her brother utter these words:
me out even."
If we train but 300 men to act as group
leaders in each country, we will have enough
to explode the Socialist revolution volcano
in Latin America. If to this we add the
militant and/or nonmilitant Marxist-Lenin-
ists in all Latin America who will act as a
fifth column, as well as the other elements
which, through contagion, economic, or social
frustration, political ambition?either left or
right?are conditioned to join an insurrec-
tional movement, Soviet rockets will not be
needed in the takeover of the entire conti-
nent.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the complete text of Miss Cas-
tro's statement be printed in the RECORD,
at the conclusion of my remarks.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
SPEECH PRONOUNCED BY MISS JUANITA CASTRO
ON MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1965, IN Los AN-
GELES, CALIF., BEFORE MEMBERS OF Los AN-
GELES WORLD AFFAIRS Comccu.
Distinguished members of the Los Angeles
Council for World Affairs, ladies and gentle-
men, I am deeply grateful for the opportunity
you have given me to come to this meeting
and speak of the heart breaking facts which
my country is facing. I am also taking ad-
vantage of this occasion to present my per-
sonal testimony on the now historical trea-
son which has been perpetrated against my
homeland, a treason which continues even
now trying to stamp out all democratic forces
on the island of Cuba as well as those of all
other nations of this American Continent.
The United States, indirectly, is the very spe-
cial target of this carefully conceived action.
The full realization of the goals of my
brother, Fidel, came to me very slowly while
I was still in Cuba. But, as I watched the
monstrous plans being put into effect, first
against defenseless Latin American coun-
tries and then against the United States it-
self, I could not stand the torment which
took hold of me for I could see the tragic
destiny which had befallen my country and
'was now threatening other peaceful and
trusting peoples.
I suffered through endless days and nights
of indescribable anguish. I was only able to
share my fears with my poor, late mother,
and her pain was indeed great as she watched
her sons (and I watched my brothers) drag-
ging our nation to the brink of destruction,
betraying our people, and preparing to do the
same to other nations.
As I listened to their planning and watched
how things developed and I realized the in-
humanity and treachery which existed, the
decision that I had to make became extreme-
ly clear. My Christian upbringing certainly
aided me greatly in making my choice. And
what were my alternatives? God and my
country or an aggressive military bloc (such
as is the Sino-Soviet one). The traditional
feeling of brotherhood which has always
existed among all the nations of this con1,1.-
nent is being threatened by a sinister con-
spiracy which flows simultaneously from
Moscow, Havana and Peiping. From these
strategic positions the intrinsically perverse
nature of international communism, which
was, is and always shall be one and the same,
regardless of what form it may take or of how
peculiar circumstances may tend to conceal
the ultimate goal which is world domination.
To most, it seems that this goal is being at-
tained through two methods: the Soviet
Union's coexistence and Red China's violence.
The target of either one, however, is the
Christian civilization of democratic coun-
tries.
I make these statements because I have
ample and well-founded reasons. I was an
eyewitness to the facts and plans that sub-
stantiate my conclusions.
?
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 3133
ber of individuals contacted, can be
e.
affic World's survey resulted in a return
of 4.8 percent, a figure considered "quite
big" by professional politakers. Thus, by
pro eaten, it may be said that only 3.1 per-
cen or slightly over 3 out of every 100 of the
Na en's professional shippers or shipper-
ori nted officials are in favor of nationalize-
ti of tne railroad industry.
e 3.1 percentage figure has elicited ex-
stoma of surprise and satisfaction.
pressing surprise at the figure as "higher
anticipated" were various officials of the
professional shipper organizations, and
c World's senior editors, all of whom
e been in close association with the ship-
pint public for more than 20 years. Express-
ing satisfaction with the 3.1 figure were vari-
o rallsoad executives, me of whom, con-
ting the 3.1 figure with the 10-percent
fig re developed through. the AAR's general
pu lie survey, said:
t's about what we would expect from an
inf rmed group. The men who were con-
tac ed are the Nation's real pros when it
co es to shipping. Naturally, they would be
in he test position to judge and emphati-
cal y reject?a nationalized rail system."
fez as corporate stse is concerned, the
"l gest" traffic executive answering Traffic
W ld's survey and the 'largest" shipper to.
st opposition to rail nationalization pays
a ut $350 million a year for railroad seradce.
"largest" shipper favoring nationalize,-
tio pays about $15 million a year for rail
ser ice.
ore than 90 percent of the individuals
re lying to the survey took the trouble and
ti ? e to comment on theis views.
org those opposed to rail nationaliza-
ti comments ranged from a -single word?
"r diculous"?to a two-page typewritten tet-
te Several shippers also commented less
di ectly by furnishing speeches or articles
w tten by them in recent years in opposition
to railroad nationalizatie n.
raong those favoring nationalization,
co me:at ranged from three words?"poor
ra finanagernent"?to four typewritten pars-
ger Phs?
e basic thread of complaint running
t ?ugh the comments of those shippers who
fa or rail nationalization is the "failure" of
re, lroad management to provide adequate
se vice, particuraily to the small shipper.
is ccsnplaint is expressed in various ways,
b t the following comm ant from a shipper of
m nufactured products spending about $9
Ilion a year for rail service illustrates gen-
e 1 views expressed by those shippers favor-
is: nationalization.
"It has become increasingly and painfully
o vious that the manegement of the rail-
^ ds tsinadequate, untrained, and quite un-
til/4)nd to cope with the problems con-
orating it today.
"During the past several years, there have
ben signs of desire by railroads to modern-
their management, but these efforts are
oh too little and too late. Therefore, the
tuation couldn't be much worse under
verriment ownership and operation than it
nd has been?under private operation
d te,anagementi.'
"My specific complaint (or, I should say,
ajor complaint) concerns the fact that the
ishes and desires of railroad customers (ex-
essions of which are constantly solicited
railroad sales representatives) are not
ted upon. There is no consistent evidence
a desire to run the :7e,iIroacts according to
e needs and wishes or the custothers.
hat evidence there is in this area is transi-
ry and sporadic.
"Furthermore, let us not overlook the fact
thas despite Much obvious effort on the
art of railroads in this country to paint a
in picture?the fact remains that Govern-
No. 33-3
ment owirsblp and operation of railroads in
many other coantries (with smiliar density of
traffic ani similar problems) does work and
work we.. It accordingly fellows, even
granting the dreadful inefficiencies, graft, and
indolence rampant in our Government today,
that it [nationalization] is worth a try."
Such viiews run counter to the beliefs ex-
pressed by those shippers who oppose rail
nationalization. Most (but not all) of these
shippers ;eel rail management is doing an
adequate Job or, at least, beginning to do an
adequate ,job. Most feel that rail service is
adequate and improving and that Govern-
ment ovvriersnip and operation of the rail
system wsrulc provide the shipping public
only with poo 7er service.
Spannirig virtually all of the wide-ranging
views of thoss shippers opposed to national-
ization arid offering rail labor a novel sug-
gestion isi th s comment from a shipper of
building products who spends about $5 mil-
lion a year fcr rail service:
"As an industrial traffic manager, I feel
that the .diss dvantages would far outweigh
the advantages that might be secured
through hatlonalization of the Nation's rail-
roads. Off hand, the only advantage to the
shipping: ub .ic that I can possibly see would
be the e mirstion of strikes and threats of
strikes. Whi e this problem is serious, there
is no guarantee that nationalization of the
railroads! will completely eliminate strikes.
I note irhat the nationalized ? railroads in
France risen ly underwent a brief strike.
"The disadvantages of a state-owned rail-
road system are many and are serious. There
is ample background for studying the effects
of national's ad railroad systems. in countries
all over the 'vorld. In nearly every country,
these rafIroa i systems operate at a tremen-
dous deficit In this country our own Post
Office Department is not able to break even
and conatanly suffers at the hands of pri-
vately owned competitors who must keep
their chM?ges at or below the Post Office level,
provide as good or better service, and pay
taxes. Iri short, there in no reason at all to
expect that a nationalized railroad system
would not almost immediately become a
drain on the general tax income of the Gov-
ernments Nat only will the railroads begin
to drain: away national tax funds, but, by
being nationalized, they will destroy sources
of tax inborn a to State and local governments.
In som& are: is of the country, acme units of
local go).1errnaent are heavily dependent upon
railroad projerty taxes:
"Once, ths railroads are operated from
Washin4ton on the basis that there is no
need to Fattr act traffic, I am fearful that the
service Will deteriorate badly. Railroad serv-
ice in many parts of the country is extremely
poor not, but I shudder to think what would
happen if there were no incentives at all to
provide [satt.factory service.
"The nett malization of the Nation's rail-
roads cannet help but lead to the national-
ization Of the inland waterway industry, the
airlines,: and so on. Will this eventually lead
to the riationalization of kiddie rides at the
local park?
"Unicen management obviously is frus-
trated hy the fact that the number of rail-
road jots has declined over the past 2 years
and contint es to decline. They also are frus-
tratedecause railroad management appears
to be s iffening its stand on concessions to
union employees. This is particularly true
in those cases where certain employees are
totally !unnecessary or the work performed
is not 4ctuldly required.
"Union nranagement bases its suggestion
for nationalzation on the premise that the
current' Owners of the railroads are not look-
ing outlor ;he general interests of the public.
Inasinrich is the union leaders have recog-
nized this ' sreat fault' of the present_ owners
of the rail] cads, perhaps they are' prepared
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to undertake to manage railroads more ef-
fectively. I would suggest that the unions
raise funds among their own members and
purchase one of the railroads, particularly
one in the east that is in serious financial
difficulty. I suggest the eastern part of the
United States because of the very heavy truck
competition and so that the new management
of the railroad would be faced with the prob-
lem of immediately cutting costs and im-
proving service in order to hold on to the last
remaining bit of traffic now moving by
railroad.
"From my remarks, I am sure that you can
see that at least this industrial traffic man-
ager?and I am sure nearly everyone in my
position in industry--is very much opposed
to the nationalization of the railroads."
Among -those exeautives contacted by
Traffic World were several Canadian shippers
Who regularly deal with Canada's nationalized
railway and its privately owned railway.
These Canadian views, although not tabu-
lated as part of Traffic World's survey, are
Interesting in that every Canadian shipper
expressed opposition to the nationalization
of U.S. railroads. Illustrating the Canadian
viewpoint are these comments:
From a shipper of manufactured products
spending about $10 million a year for rail
service:
"Government control of railways in Great
13ritain resulted in a worsening financial po-
sition. Government control in Canada in-
volves millions in subsidies yet Canadian
National Railways continues to show red
figures."
From a shipper of petroleum spending
"some millions" each year for rail service:
"We are Canadian shippers. The Canadian
National Railways, our Government-owned
railway system, has become an efficient, pro-
gressive organization, but due?at least in
part?to its privately owned competitor, the
Canadian Pacific Railway."
To recapitulate 1;he results of Traffic
World's survey:
The Nation's professional shippers?cor-
porate executives who deal most directly with
railroads and, thus, are obviously in the best
position to judge the merits of railroad na-
tionalization?are emphatically opposed to
such a step because they believe the Govern-
ment could not provide them with efficient
service at reasonable cost. Perhaps the ob-
jections of the Nation's professional shippers
to rail nationalization is best summed up in
this blunt comment from one of them:
"It is my belief that one of the worst
things that could happen to the transporta-
tion system of our country is for the opera-
tion of the railroads to be taken over by the
Federal Government,
"I don't believe Uncle Sam could run a
peanut stand and come out even."
[From Traffic World magazine, Feb. 13,1965]
PRIVATELY OWNED TRANSPORT WELL
DEFENDED
Users of the services of for-hire carriers
of freight in this country are certainly bet-
ter qualified than other members of the
American public to say whether it's desirable
to place any mode or all modes of for-hire
carriage under Federal Government owner-
ship and operation. Good, reliable trans-
portation service is essential, of course, to
satisfactory operation of any establishment
that produces, processes, manufacturers,
and/or markets the goods that flow in the
channels of trade.
And so, to the buyers of transportation,
many of whom long have been and still con-
tinue to be outspoken critics of the f or-
hire carriers' performances,- a strongly
supported proposal that the railroads be
taken over by the :Federal Government is a
matter that puts before the carriers' cus-
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1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 3135
This is the story I wish to tell you and all
people for, from the moment that I became
fully aware of the monstrosity which was
being perpetrated, I swore to denounce this
fact on all corners of the free world, any-
where where someone is willing to listen to
me, willing to consider this lethal danger
which threatens humanity. My efforts will
not cease Until both the governing classes
arid the people wake up from their lethargy
which is based on an erroneous confidence in
a strategy inadequate to combat the mon-
strous Marxist-Leninist conspiracy.
I trust in God for our salvation. I trust
in the history of mankind which shows that
somehow visionary leaders always appear to
enable victory over the forces which would
retrograde humanity to a barbarian or slave
state.
I believe in the strength of democracy in
which I have placed my trust along with
millions of souls and this is why I appeal
to its moral and material reserves.
Humanity has just lost one of those vision-
aries who, after offering his people "blood,
tears, sweat, and sacrifices," led them on to
victory. But many years before the unfor-
tunate day of his death, he clearly identi-
fied the new totalitarian menace which he
dubbed "the Iron Curtain." Behind this
Iron Curtain, as is well known to me and
millions of people who have had to live un-
der its slavery, mass killings are an every-
day occurrence as are the premeditated and
relentless preparations for the death of even
more innocent victims and the burial of uni-
versal democracy.
Let us do something to stop this crime
which hides behind a mask of ideology to
confuse those naive souls who search utopian
formulas, those useful idiots and those who
have been misguided in the placement of
their trust.
Let us do more than we are doing be-
cause, and I can assure you from personal
experience, any effort is too small, only thus
can we overcome the monstrous plans which
are being formulated to destroy our Chris-
tian civilization.
These plans include all countries, both
great and small. International communism
has prepared a mortal trap for every cate-
gory, for every nationality, for every
poWer.
He who doubts this, he who thinks that I
exaggerate, let him observe and study a map
of the world and see the subversive move-
ments and the frontal attacks which interna-
tional communism has made on the face of
that world. There he will find the evidence.
In less than half a century, the Sino-Soviet
empire has ensnared 38 nations and 1,260
Million people who are desperately awaiting
liberation but who are impotent to do the
job. The Kremlin and Peiping, like armed
fanatics, thrust their power against nations
who desire nothing but peace and coexistence
but not the coexistence which the treacherous
Communists describe, for they do not use
the definitions that our Christian doctrine
or OUT grammars have taught us.
They cynically classify the dictatorship of
a group of opportunists who have developed
from the new puling class as a "dictatorship
of the proletariate." For them, tyrannies are
"popular democracies." And so on and so
forth. We thus can see how the Marxist-
Leninist dictionary has completely changed
the accepted meanings of words and how
the system does not respect human rights.
I4e who doubts or believes that I exag-
gerate should try to find an explanation for
the Cuban case. How could this have hap-
pened? A little island' like the island of
Cuba; 6 years ago it was militarily insig-
nificant, its population only 7 millions. And
look at it today. An arsenal of nuclear
weapons aimed at the very heart of the
American continent, That Cuba, only 90
miles from the U.S. mainland, has been
transformed into an aggressive power by
Communist imperialism was clearly demon-
strated in the October 1962 crisis, when the
late President, John V, Kennedy, ordered a
blockade of the little island.
He who doubts or believes that I exag-
gerate should ask himself if 6 years ago he
would have believed that this little island
would one day have one of the most power-
ful and aggressive armed forces in all of
Latin America and that its Government
would be cynical enough to state that it
would be willing to place all resources at
the disposal of forces bent on the destruction
of democratic institutions in all the nations
of the Americas, thus turning them into
carbon copies of the Cuban drama.
I personally was a witness to the formula-
tion of those plans. I shall relate to you
some of the facts which came to my per-
sonal attention.
With all sincerity, with the clearness of
vision necessary to recognize the truth, with
the valor which is needed to meet the chal-
lenges of the enemy, with the crudeness
which the inhumanity of these plans has
forced me to use in my efforts to denounce
this treason on all corners of the earth, I
must say that those who doubt the danger
that this aggressive, Communist imperialism
holds cannot in any way be a part of the
victorious legion who believed in the vision
and courage of Winston Churchill. These
will pass into history along with Chamber-
lain's umbrella.
Let us study these plans that I will now
explain to you. Let us evaluate the facts
and try to draw practical conclusions so as
to save this continent and its citizens.
In the month of October of 1960, I located
Fidel in one of the many houses which he
had appropriated for his personal comfort,
and which he used as hideouts in which to
plot against those whom he had decided were
not being blindly obedient and should be
removed. This characteristic of Fidel's is
well known to all of his intimate followers.
It is a pathological affliction. This particular
house was a most elegant one, situated in
Cojimar, which is a few miles out of Havana.
Fidel let it be known that he lived in this
particular house; but very few people actu-
ally knew where he would spend any par-
ticular night.
Around this date, Fidel no longer even
trusted his own personal guard which had
been with him since his Sierra Maestra
days when the revolution was still on Cuban
mountains. The guard was composed of
poor, young peasants to whom he despec-
tively referred as the little donkeys because
during his many hikes through the moun-
tains they had been forced to follow him,
first of all to protect him, and secondly to
carry Fidel's knapsacks.
He dropped these young men as soon as
he reached Havana and started to choose
militant Communist Party members in their
place. This, of course, was necessary because
the new guard was going to hear only that
Which would please a Communist. This
would not have fallen well on the ears of
these farmers who had been promised "jus-
tice, bread, and liberty."
One day I observed with great sadness
how these peasants who had guarded my
brother while he was in the Sierra Maestra
Mountains were cast aside. I commented on
this to Fidel and he answered: "These little
donkeys have to be indoctrinated so that they
may learn Marxism. This is why I have given
them scholarships and sent them off to
study."
That was not Fidel's first inhuman action
nor Would is be the last. I had seen many
signs of it before and the world is now wit-
ness to the many which have followed.
I was able to find out that Fidel was
silently plotting to turn over all key positions
of the revolutionary government to Com-
munist Party agents. Thus he set about,
systematically, to displace all veterans of
the revolution in military and government
positions.
And so it was that Fidel's partners in arms,
his friends who faithfully served under him
during the many years of the revolution,
those men who had risked their lives within
the cities and on the mountains, those who
made victory possible on that January 1,
1959, were periodically replaced, upon Fidel
Castro's direct orders, by militant mem-
bers of the Communist Party. These changes
were usually made very secretly. The men
who were thus advanced into top government
jobs had neither sacrificed themselves nor
risked their lives during that revolutionary
war which took so many.
On that day and in that Cojimar mansion,
Fidel was meeting with the international
adventurer known as "Che" Guevara and
other old Communist leaders: Bias Roca,
Carlos Rafael Rodriguez and Lazar? Pena.
Both the civil and military structure was
being rearranged to fit the Soviet mold.
I was amazed to see how meekly Fidel ac-
cepted the proposals of the Communist
Party leaders as they indicated just what
steps should be taken by Fidel and the rev-
olution. "Che" Guevara and Carlos Rafael
Rodriguez were explaining facts to Fidel and
urging his continental future.
It was hard for me to contain by amaze-
ment but I did manage to mantain my se-
renity sufficiently so as to be able to analyze
the magnitude of the plans which had been
traced by the old Cuban Communist guard.
Fidel was becoming more and more enthusi-
astic as they successfully goaded his ego and
I realized that day just how great his ego
really was.
I still recall the exchange of conversatron
between Bias Roca and Fidel, words which I
was not fully able to believe until some time
later when I had accumulated other cor-
roborating facts.
Blas Roca, one of the top Cuban Com-
munists told Fidel: "Whatever you do in
Cuba via a Marxist-Leninist revolution, our
organization in Latin America will take care
that it is presented as the only possible social
solution for those countries. With the help
of Russia and Red China, you will become
a continental hero. We shall place all re-
sources in your hands. First, we must start
out with psychological propaganda. This will
then be followed by sufficient material to
make it possible for you to carry out whatever
revolutions are necessary to deliver all Latin
American nations into your hands."
I confess that, upon hearing these words,
I thought that they were kidding Fidel or
that perhaps they were staging a little com-
edy. Soon, however, my doubts vanished.
Fidel presented the following arguments,
very seriously: "That plan is exactly what
I want. While I was up in the Sierra Maes-
tra 'Che' and Carlos Rafael gave me a rough
idea of how it could work. I know that you
are aware of this but, of course, I needed to
have assurances of Russia's backing. I now
see that I have this."
The old-guard Communists, Moscow's
trusted agents in Cuba, answered: "It is an
absolute fact."
"Che" Guevara then gave a detailed ac-
count of how conditions in the different
Latin American nationa favored a revolu-
tion.
I was awed by the information that the
"Che" had on each Latin American coun-
try and especially by the way he presented
his material, cleverly adapting the general
panorama so as to build up Fidel's ego.
After quite a bit of time, my brother spoke
and I noticed that he had been thoroughly
convinced of his ability to obtain what they
had described as a continental objective. He
said: "This continental action must begin
with the two countries where conditions are
the most favorable; i.e., Venezuela and
Brazil. It will take about 10 or 15 years to
get all of the other nations into the fold.
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3136 CONGIESSIONAL RECORD ?SENATE February 19
to explode the Socialist Revolution volcano
in Latin America. If to this we add the
militant and/or nonmilitant Marxists-Len-
inists in all Latin America who will act as a
fifth column as well as the other elements
which through contagion, economic or social
frustration, political ambition, either left or
right, are conditioned to join an insurrec-
tional movement, Soviet rockets will not be
needed in the takeover of the entire con-
tinent."
These were his words. The facts now
clearly demonstrate that Cuba has met and
passed the goal which Fidel set 4 years ago.
More and more guerrilla fighters have been
trained and the results can be evidenced in
any morning newspaper. Several heads of
State and continental newspapers are ever
decrying the active presence of the Castro-
Communist guerrillas.
The U.S. Under Secretary of State for Latin
American Affairs, Mr. Thomas C. Mann, re-
cently stated: "Cuba continues to train
agents in guerrilla warfare and to send them
out into Latin America to carry out their
activities. Guerrilla groups exist in Vene-
zuela, Colombia, Honduras, Guatemala, and
in the central region of Bolivia. And I be-
lieve," added Mn Mann, "that this threat to
hemispheric peace will continue for some
time to come."
It has given us great satisfaction to see
the solidarity of the labor movement in Latin
America which has resulted in the taking of
effective measures against the ships and the
countries which feed the Communist Cuban
regime. We quite deliberately state that they
only feed the regime because the industrial
and agricultural products which capitalis-
tic countries send to Cuba do not reach the
starving Cuban people. This only serves the
regime's privileged bosses or is reshipped to
Moscow, the metropolis of Soviet imperial-
ism. In the meantime, blockade or no block-
ade, the Cuban people will continue to suf-
fer from want and hunger.
Now let us be alert to the latest maneuver
which has been conceived by the diabolical
minds of Fidel and his followers.
I can assure you that this is a fact. When
Fidel considers that he is lost and is about
to be overthrown by the patriotic Cuban
people, and such an attempt is apt to be tried
at any moment because internal dissention
exists within the ranks of the Havana re-
gime, and besides the fearless and harassing
landings from outside which will continue,
he will not leave without carrying out the
plan which he has prepared for such an
emergency.
This plan calls for immediate action, even
to the extent of provoking war with some
Latin American country, in order to avoid
being toppled by an internal uprising.
Should this moment come, Fidel will be more
dangerous than ever.
I heard Fidel say on one occasion: "If I
ever find that I have lost, thousands of men
will have to fall with me because any arma-
ment that I have at my disposal will be fired
against the United States or against any
neighboring country on the continent. I
shall thus force collective action against us
for one thing. I will not have the world think
that we have been destroyed by the people."
Fidel has never kept one single construc-
tive promise. This was true when he lived
with us in our home and is still true now that
he keeps his homeland in a state of agony.
But Fidel has kept most of his warlike
threats and he has never been particularly
shy about confessing this, sometimes pri-
vately, sometimes in public.
I would like to alert all cOuntries on this
continent, whether these be small or large,
to the fact that Fidel does have sufficient
resources to produce a most disastrous ca-
tastrophe, something which must be avoided
and can only be avoided if steps are taken
in time. His plan is similar to that of Nero
when he set Rome afire. His plan calls for
/ '
When all cnuntriet: have socialist govern-
Moats we will be aale to place them under
one single military and civil head. This is
when I shall be able to assume the leadership
In. the name of the Latin American revolu-
tio a."
When Bias Roca smiled cynically and said:
"Those nations will be called the Union of
Socialist Republics of the Axnericas (U.S.R.A.)
and they will become part of the Commu-
nist bloc."
Pidel's enthusiasm was uncontrollable.
xiit, eyes were popping out of their sockets as
he paced back and forth among the group,
once suddenly stop:sing to say:
"I am willing to do anything and I will
not be satisfied with this little island. But,
in order to get territorial. advances I must
have military help es soon as possible."
This was immediately promised, in Russia's
name, by Bias Roca, Carlos Rafael Rodriguez
and "Che" Guevara.
On one point Fidel insisted: "I most keep
Cuba armed with the most modern equip-
msat so that the United States and some of
the Latin American nations can be restrained
until the moment a at we are able to launch
?Ur continental plans. In order to do this
/ need hundreds of thousands Of light and
heavy infantry weapons, planes, and
IRBM's. Every nation of this continent must
be within our range, from New York to Wash-
ington, from Santiago de Chile to Buenos
Alms. If I do not have this I will not be
able to act from a pesition of strength, I will
not be able to unleash revolutions, for I
would immediately he dealt a crushing blow.
This must be understood by the Soviet Union
for, it is she who 3ossesses the arms and
projectiles that I need."
I confess and repeat that, even though I
had already come to believe Fidel capable of
the craziest of schemes I never thought that
his monstrous plans would be on such a
large scale and much less ever even dreamed
that these would come true. But I had
further opportunities to confirm the fact
that the matter had indeed been referred to
the Kremlin. Tow rd the end of 1962 I
found out that Russia had placed the
1RBM's in Fidel's murdering hands. He now
had the American Continent Within his gun-
sights.
FrOm that moment on I was to learn,
through very bitter experience, that Fidel
and Communist imperialism were capable of
anything in their drive to dominate all
humanity.
But there are other important details
Which clearly show that Fidel and interna-
tional communism i have not given up their
arab Mons.
. Anastas Mikoyan was forced to tell Fidel
that, Russia had to withdraw its missiles
becatpse of the October crisis.
Why did Fidel finally approve the meas-
ure? It was not only because he was forced
to do so because I know that in return for
his cooperation both Russia and Red China
(which is even more aggressive than Fidel)
agreed to continue to aid him in his plan
to conquer Latin Arlerica through subver-
sion, terrorism, and a strategy which was
aimed at the immediate crumbling of all
democratic institutions in Latin America so
as to permit the colcnial expansion of com-
munism into the Araerican Continent.
During Mikoyan's visit to Cuba, at the
time of the October crisis, I learned of the
details of the new plan which, I assure you,
in no way eliminated the possibility that
Cuba would once again have her nuclear
warheads if the Western Powers dared to
"doze" off again, as Fidel insisted they
would. Fidel was most insistent with Mi-
koyan on the point taat the missiles should
be returned to Cuba the very first minute
that the democratic countries showed the
slightest signs of relenting.
Later on, Fidel started demanding loudly
that the antiaircraft rockets which were in
ehai;ge ,)f the Hussitens be ,put in Cuban
hands. This has now been accomplished.
Fidel vas quite indignant in his conversa-
tion: wit a Mikoyain. "The United States has
forefd me to shelve ray. plan temporarily but
at:sniff:lay we will drop bombs on the United
Stats a ad this will be my revenge."
I can assure you that his madness knows
no ;Waits. All those of us who know him
have no doubt in this matter. He most de-
cide
ti
ly would not hesitate to drop bombs
on e heads of millions of human beings.
It would make no difference to him whether
this be en a North American or South Amer-
ican:city. The reason I can make this state-
ment is that Fidel is very open about his
plan when he is around his followers. He
mai* no effort to conceal these thoughts
front his intimate circle.
After ftudying Fidel closely I am sure that
we dre n the presence of another Hitler.
If Fidel had at his disposal the enormous
rest:three:. which were Hitler's, humanity
woutid elready be deeply entrenched in
worlii Wel. III. Fidel's hatred is aimed not
only agninst the United States but also
agaidst all of his fellovmsen. It does not
mather to him that he may bring catas-
trophe to the nations of the hemisphere so
long as 1 e is able to satisfy his brutal ambi-
tion ' of conquering and . dominating the
conthaen,i.
04 another occasion I heard Fidel say:
"Thai po ver Of the United States must be
immtaaili zed. This can be done by conquer-
ing i, atin America so as to have them fight
the Iltortli. The strategic encirclement must
come Ire m below. It's just like taking a
rebel: hill by controlling all the flanks. This
operation would be tantamount to crushing
an inveri ed pyramid. The material backing
needd t s bring down this pyramid will be
foundin Russia, Red China or anywhere I
can et it." (This is the way he talks to his
innei1 cirole).
Fidel :las not abandoned this -strategy.
AlthOugb he has been set back by failures
such as that he found in. Venezuela and
Brazi:1 which, somehow, managed to escape
from, his hands when civic and military
forces joiaed to produce a coup that deposed
the Mstris-Communist instruments who had
been in y ower, Fidel's tenacity is dangerous.
He is determined to reach his ambitious
goals He is backed by Asia and is maneu-
verin0 the African countries so as to black-
mail Moscow. This will probably give him
more train tary and economic aid.
Since 1)60 Cuba has been the Latin Amer-
ican 4Technical Institute" for the destruction
of de cm soy and massacre of human beings.
Cu a gi aduates thousands of young Latin
Amer can youths who have become masters
in th art es/ terror and guerrilla warfare.
Upon their graduation, they return to their
hom4ands as agents of Soviet imperialism
to fonaer t disturbances and create rebel
zones
These young men, whom the Marxist-Len-
inist poison has turned into fanatics, will
not he p nneers in the reconstruction and
social progress of their countries but will be,
much to iheir own and their countries' sor-
row, the criminal agents who will carry out
the pans for continental domination which
have bee. I conceived by treacherous Fidel
Castrat.
Faders deadly robots continue to travel
Using,Mealco as a pivot for their operations.
Mexico, a nation which is loved by all of us
Who helot g to the Latin American family of
nations, end each one of us would like to
see lair back in the fold and a part of the
defeniive action which seeks to keep Cuba's
aggreSsive regime out of Latin America and
to help restore the right to self-determina-
tion to Ciffia.
,
RefOrrii g to this training of Latin Ameri-
can yOuths, I heard Fidel utter these words:
"If via ire in but 300 men to act as group
leader in each country, we will have enough
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
a retreat to some mountainous Cuban region
where he will entrench as long as it is pos-
sible for him to survive but, in the mean-
time, he will not cease hie efforts to produce
a retreat which will be Catastrophic not only
to Cuba but also to all neighboring countries.
U the democratic countries of this con-
tinent feel, as those of is who know Fidel do,
that he is a definite menace to continental
peace, let us all do something quickly so as
to prevent the execution of his diabolical
plan for a bloody retreat.
Let us take strategic action before he has
a chance to put his plans into effect.
Let us take preventive measures so as not
to have to regret, later on, for not having
taken adequate action in the face of what
Fidel is planning at present, plans which will
have disastrous effects On Cuba and all of
her neighboring countries.
Let us remember that a malignant tumor
must be cut away the moment it is discov-
ered and not after It has spread all over the
organism.
Let us remember that there exists a Com-
munist conspiracy that has sworn to bury
us and is rocking the foundations of our
democratic institutions.
Let us remember that that aggressive and
treacherous conspiracy is but 90 miles away
from this great Nation on whose shoulders
rests the burden of preserving Western
civilization.
Let us remember that the democracies of
the continent, those which they plan to de-
stroy, do have the resources and means to
act before it is too late,
Let us remember that when We are forced
to be on the defensive, the offensive action
of the enemy becomes even more dangerous.
Let us remember that almost 7 million in-
habitants and a sister nation, which to-
morrow could e your own and today is
Cuba, are nailed to the cross of martyrdom.
Let us think about what those who today
idly stand by and watch this crimp being
perpetrated and what they would do if to-
morrow?and I pray to God that He deliver
them from such a fate?they themselves were
the victims.
Let us not forget that a sister nation is
being crucified right in the heart of the
Americas.
In the name of Christian charity, help us.
Help us so as not to prolong the agony
which my martyred nation suffers while it
anxiously looks to the free world for its
salvation.
We, the people of Cuba, are not asking that
you satrifice your brave sons who are risking
and sacrificing their lives every day in the
defense of Christian civilization.
We are more than willing to sacrifice our
lives.
My country is now ready to fight the neces-
sary and justified war.
My people ask only that there be solidarity
among the democracies on the continent and
that this be evident in the form of material
resources.
The rest of the task is ours and God's and
we trust in Him to guide us on the road to
liberation.
THE FLIGHT STATION AT
SHERIDAN, WYO.
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, last
year the Federal Aviation Agency served
notice o/ its intention to "remote" 42
flight-service stations at various points
throughout the country. The Agency's
plan includes a number of stations in
Wyoming. At the time of the announce-
ment, I strongly protested the action,
which would, in effect, automate a num-
ber of extremely important flight-service
stations in Mountainous, meteorologi-
cally unpredictable areas, thereby de-
priving pilots and others of the most
valuable asset of the stations as presently
constituted?human intelligence and
availability. This, in my view, is one of
the least sensible manifestations of auto-
mation.
Wyoming has areas of rapidly chang-
ing weather, mountainous terrain, and
sparse population. The manned flight-
service stations perform a very necessary
and basic safety function. The location
of the Wyoming flight-service stations in
proximity to the high mountains com-
bines with the unpredictable weather of
Wyoming to make these stations the
most strategic in the United States.
Time after time, flight-service stations
in Wyoming have proven their worth in
saving lives. Their importance is not
In question.
Services provided by manned stations
in such an area enhance flying safety,
by providing extra flight information
during times of marginal weather.
These Wyoming stations are not just
aids to the local operator, but are of
very great assistance to cross-country
operators who are not familiar with the
mountainous area.
I submit, for printing in the RECORD,
a wire-service dispatch describing an
incident which occurred last week in
Wyoming. The dispatch was sent to me
by a good friend, Dr. Peter Madsen, vice
president of the Wyoming State Sen-
ate. This case graphically presents the
factors I have set forth in my arguments
in opposition to the proposed action of
the Federal Aviation Agency.
I appreciate the move for economy in
Government. However, this is one case
in which human safety must be the
prime consideration. Life should not be
measured in terms of dollars. I strongly
urge the Administrators of the FAA to
take this fact into consideration when
contemplating any change in the present
setup of flight-service stations. I take
this opportunity to express my sincere
appreciation to all the personnel who
took part in that rescue. I especially
compliment the personnel of the Laramie
fight-service station for a job well done.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
RESCUED PILOT ASSERTS HE WANTS To LIVE
/N WYOMING
LARAMIE, Wyo.?Dutch Van Dox could have
died in a lonely area northwest of Laramie
Tuesday night after his plane went down.
but the veteran pilot said he's returning to
Wyoming to stay if he ever gets the chance.
"They have men up here (in Wyoming),"
said Van Dox, after a rescue crew brought him
into Laramie. The rescue party spent all
Tuesday night and most of Wednesday morn-
ing pushing through deep snow in an effort
to get to the plane and its 44-year-old pilot.
Van fox, who lives in Caracas, Venezuela,
said he was on vacation when he had to land
the light plane he was flying in the rugged
country 18 miles northwest of Laramie after
missing an approach at the Laramie airport.
He said he had to take the plane down in
the first clear spot he could find because his
airspeed indicator had frozen. He said with-
in minutes after he brought the plane into
"a nice soft landing," the snow was 2 inches
deep on the wings.
Van fox had nothing but praise for the
3137
ground search crew, the Federal Aviation
Agency control tower, and pilots of Western
and Frontier Airlines, all of whom were in-
strumental in his rescue.
"In my 20 years of flying, I've never ran
across such professionals in their businesses,"
he said. Van Dox said if it hadn't been for
the professional way the FAA relayed fixes on
his position, "I'd be dead right now."
Van Dox said soon after his landing he
picked up radio contact with an airliner
which helped fix his position.
"Later, a Western pilot helped fix my posi-
tion," he said. "It was a DC-3 flown by a
fabulous guy. I hope to meet him someday.
The pilot picked me up on his way to Casper,
then came back down on his way back, and
stayed in the area close to 2 hours marking
me for the people on the ground."
He said the two airline pilots worked to-
gether to fix his position for the search crews.
He said he had radio contact and kept
warm by running the motor of his plane Until
the fuel ran out.
"Then it got awful cold," Van Dox said.
Temperatures in the Laramie area dropped
to zero during the night.
Van Dox said, "The FAA in Laramie is the
finest group of men the FAA has ever
had?and that goes for the citizens of Wyo-
ming, too."
"I met men today who stomped around all
night in the deep snow looking for me, and
they were hardly out of breath when they
?
found me," he added.
"If I ever get a chance for a job in the
States, I'm heading for Wyoming," he said.
"I feel wonderful now. I'm awestruck at
the way people in Wyoming do things. I just
wish the rest of the world had the integrity
of people I've met since I've been here."
Van Dox said he is currently on vacation
and has contacted his wife in Venezuela. He
said he plans to get the airplane and be on
his way when the weather clears enough to
retrieve the craft.
REORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
one of the major jobs the Senate should
face this year is consideration of its
procedures. We must make sure this
body can function in a manner adequate
to meet the great challenges that face it
and the grave responsibilities it owes the
American people.
The distinguished senior Senator from
Oklahoma [Mr. MONRONEY] has sub-
mitted a concurrent resolution to estab-
lish a Joint Committee on the Organiza-
tion of Congress. Senator MONROXEY is
truly a leader in the field of congressional
organization, as is witnessed by the La-
Follette-Monroney Act of 1946. It is an
honor to join him in sponsoring his pro-
posal, Senate Concurrent Resolution 2.
The Kangas City Star, one of our Na-
tion's most noted and respected news-
papers, recently published a comprehen-
sive editorial in support of the concurrent
resolution. I believe that all members
of Congress will find the editorial in-
teresting and thought provoking.
Therefore, Mr. President, I ask unani-
mous consent that the editorial, entitled
"One of Congress Big Jobs: Congress,"
be printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ONE OF CONGRESS' BIG JOBS: CONGRESS
"We've got to stop acting like a bunch of
retired farmers sitting on cracker barrels
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Approved For Releas
3S CONGR
round a potbellied stove"--Senator MIKE
ONSONEY, 1Deniocrat, of 'Oklahoma.
By rough calculation, Congress, sitting
round that potbellied stove, will transact
$100-billion business this year. We share
ith Senator MONRONEY the puspicion that
he lawmakers could find a more efficient and
oney-saving method to do what they have
o do. For there certainly was no literary
xagg;eration when the Oklahoman carried
Is colorful language a bit further, mixed his
etaphors and said:
"We who are the comptrollers of the
orltSs biggest business are figuratively using
high slant-top desk, an old-fashioned re-
?lying stool, a big ttick ledger and a quill
? en."
But alas, in the last several years we have
eare the issue of congressional modernize-
ion discussed for the benefit of Congressmen
ho seem to have a deaf ear, We have, in
act, Mentioned it ourselves on occasion and
? e must confess that, along with other corn-
? entators, political scientists, and some law-
akrs, we have prec ous little to show for
?ut efforts. We trust that Senator MONRONEY
Ill be more successful.
We say this with sc me optimism, in fact.
or on this matter of congressional reorgani-
tio:a, Senator MowscoeTEY IS an old warhorse.
a Member of the House he was cosponsor
f the Larollette-Monroney Act of 1946, the
ast serious attempt o -a the part of Congress
dc something about its own House (and
ts Senate, for that matter). We sense that
he Senator is charging: forth to battle. We're
ith him.
As we understand it, MONRONEY, in an-
?lancing his intention to seek congressional
odernization, was speaking less of such
?hilosophical problems as seniority and the
libuster, and more of certain procedural
nachronisms that ha"e been frozen into the
apitol Hill status quo. The obstacle to his
uccess will be the traditional affection for
he seatus quo on the Hill.
Nor does his proposal rule out the possi-
1114 of some change; in the seniority sys-
em and the filibuster rule. On the issue of
eniarity, at least, the chief impetus seems
o be coming from the House, where Repre-
entative RICHARD WILING, Democrat, of
issouri, and the Democratic study group
ave been at work. ',lie House liberals ob-
iousiy are opening up a hornet's nest and
ithout some aid and comfort directly from
he span In the White House, we can't see
? uch hope for their cause this year, justified
? S it may be.
But the Monroney movement needs only
he :moperation of his fellow lawmakers.
me, we could imagine, are rather bitter
ver his indictment of the Capitol Hill club.
evertheless, most man with experience in
ither House ought to understand what their
olleague is talking about. Indeed, we should
hink that they would be the first to voice
heir discontent with the frustrations that
nevitably must be a pert of the congressional
steer.
In effect, Senator MoilsoefEY proposes that
? joint, bipartisan committee should make
yearlong study of legislative procedures.
e would assume that such a committee,
Ithough it should 'ae careful of getting
rapped in the old lib s?al-conservative fight,
ould nevertheless Include the seniority sys-
em and the filibuster within its field of
ction. But primarily, MONRONEY has sug-
este I. that:
Ths committee stru( ture should be studied
o see whether certair, committees are over-
oaded or, perhaps, no longer necessary in
he legislative process. Presumably this
ould include some attention to matters of
taff and the relationship in size between the
inority and majority staff. At least, we
opo that it would.
The casework of the: lawmakers?demands
ade by their constituents for things big
nd little?should scmehow be lightened,
; ?
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SIONAL RECORD ? SENATE February 19
while jresierving the right of the people to
petitloe their representatives on Capitol Hill.
Con dress should consider the possibility of
using eom niters and other modern aids In
proces ing the immensely complex Federal
budge 1. ( Dra this point, we might add that
in 1946, when Representative MONRONEY
succeetted n his earlier congressional reorga-
nizati9n, tie budget was a mere $60 billion.
This yrar, it may top $100 billion. And all
of this if ie may be permitted si comparison
of our own, sometimes seems to be computed
by the lav makers, on an abacus.)
Majority vote, rather than the current
unanimous consent, should be enough to let
committee, meet while the Senate is in ses-
sion.
Commiti ees should meet as early as De-
cembe; 1, to start filling the pipeline with
bills f9r Congress to consider when it meets
in January. At present, both Houses must
sometimes wait for weeks for the committees
to give the n something to do.
So4thi ag should be done about the Tues-
day-to-Thursday system that permits legis-
lative leoltilays on almost every 'Monday and
Friday
Certain details in private bills, now han-
dled by Congress, should be turned over to
the exrcutive branch or the courts.
The present mandatory adjournment date
of July 15- -rarely observed?should be moved
to August 15. And mandatory should mean
mandatory "except in time of declared' war,"
Under the Constitution, each House
would have to write its own new rules and
thus Dia effect, the committee would operate
as tvi9 colamittees. We should think that
the two ccmmittees, as an example of time-
saving ans efficient techniques, might join
in their hearings at least in the beginning.
We wcfnald hope that testimony would be
heard Iron; other lawmakers, from students
of governn,ent and from members of the ex-
ecutiv4 br mob. Frankly, we would expect
this joint committee to be in session for
many days. Its assignment would be one of
the ni4)st important in the 53th Congress.
This is not to say that Congress has always
failed ,to Co its job. Indeed, we move into
the 8th Congress with the generally fine
record of the 88th looming large in the his-
tory b oks. It was a legislative class that
wrote laws of immense importance, on
subjects r inging from civil rights to tax
reduction eo education.
Neveerthe less, the 88th Congress left much
undone that ought to have been done and
probalily t id some things that should not
have Jaren lone. The quality of legislation is
not the best of criteria for judging the ef-
ficiency o:' the congressional mechanism.
Some ?rill' ant words can be spoken around
a
a potbried stove and an accountant sitting
at a sant .top desk can turn in a perfect
ledger boor.
The larg:!, issue is whether Congress, as the
vital notio aal institution that it is, is doing
its job in the most efficient manner possible.
On another level of reform, there are the
issues of seniority, of the filbuster, of the
power of committee chairmen to halt legis-
lation, an; the like. These--excepting the
?vhich exists only in the Senate?
are thp natters of prime concern to the
Democratic liberals of the House, But they
will be ask mg their colleagues to sit in judg-
ment tn tf aditional procedures and to stand
up an be counted for or against what is,
in effert, toe establishment.
Moerooresz is asking for nothing more than
a little con unonsense in writing the rules for
Capitol. 111.1. It strikes us that his proposal
to estqblisn a study committee should have
the si*poi t of both parties and should be
acceptple on each side of Capitol Hill. He
seeks ?ply eo free Congress of :its own built-in
inadequacies and to free its Members of the
terrible demands of unnecessary legislative
wheels`ainr ing on their time.
The word, if our reading is correct, Is effi-
Approved For Release
ciency. Perhaps even efficiency?or modern-
ization, as you will?would not take all the
bugs out of the legislative mechanism. But
it certainly would help.
The new Congress will have many things
to discuss and will have little time on its
hands. But we suggest that high on its
agenda should be the problem of Congress
Itself. The Members of the 89th Congress
would serve thele Nation admirably if they
would give the Monroney proposal a try. In
fact, we would say that a genuine modern-
ization of Congress, this year or next, would
find for the 89th s, real place on the roster
of our most illust-ious legislative assemblies.
AWARD TO SENATOR SYMINGTON
BY INTERNATIONAL CORRE-
SPONDENCE SCHOOLS
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
my distinguished colleague, the senior
Senator from Missouri [Mr. SYMINGTON],
was honored recently as "Home Study
Man of the Year" by his alma mater,
International Correspondence Schools,
of Scranton, Pa.
This news may come as quite a surprise
to those of us more familiar with the
fact that he was a member of the class of
1923 at Yale University. However, it is
also a matter of record that when my
colleague went to work in a foundry,
right after college, his boss?who knew
of his Yale background?ordered him to
"Go to a good correspondence school and
learn something about making a living."
It was then that he enrolled with the
ICS.
Today, STUART SYMINGTON'S second
alma mater boasts over 7 million alumni,
including a former Secretary of the
Navy, Dan Kimball; and a former Secre-
tary of Commerce, Luther Hodges. The
ICS now has a worldwide student body
of nearly 200,000 adults, in more than 50
countries. They could find no better
record to emulate, should their career be
public service or private industry, than
that of STUART SYMINGTON.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the text of the award be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the award
was ordered to be: printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
HOME STUDY MAN OF THE YEAR FOR 1964:
STUART SYMINGTON
Yale University, 1923.
International Correspondence Schools,
1929.
Machine-shop apprentice at age 14, Army
veteran at 17, company president at 24, mem-
ber of the Truman administration, 1945, first
Secretary of the Ai: Force, 1947, U.S. Senator
from Missouri since 1952.
For his remarkable leadership during the
past two decades when his entire career has
been devoted to the security and well-being
of his nation:
For the integrity and candor which char-
acterize his views;
For his special ccncern for the human val-
ues which must always be paramount in a
democratic society;
For demonstratieg to millions of his coun-
trymen desperately in need of more educa-
tion and training that an Individual's
ambition, motivation, and ability are the
true keys to learning; and
For his convictio:a born of personal experi-
ence that sound correspondence instruction
is, to quote him, "consistent with the Ameri-
can aim and ambition for self-improve-
ment?no man or woman in this Nation is
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5600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? Hai
New Mexico, Mr. ANDERSON, the gen-
..
tleman from Wisconsin Mr. BYrustr,sl,
arid the gentleman from Missouri f Mr.
Cams] described their separate solu-
tions to theproblem.,
? The thre,e hlli h4ve in ,common what
Is tg, me a fatal failing.; They would
establish giant new Federal or ?Federal-
State programs that would go on for-
evermore) a continuing and increasing
burden to the tapayer, long after the
problem they are supposed to Cure could
have -cured itself. ,The committee bill
introcluped :today has the same disad-
vantage.
The only ?proposal that does not have
this defect Is HA, 21, the com-
prehensive, voluntary insurance pro-
grain first intr4uced 3 years ago.
I-I.R. 21 enceurages,yedple to take care
of their own problems, and H.R. 21 can
solve the present problem without fas-
tening a permanent new bureaucracy on
the taxpayers of "this country.
Today's retired people face problems
unique in Our history. They experienced
two World Wars and a great depression
during the best years? of their lives and
their postwar earnings were subject to
the burden of heavy taxes and soaring
Inflation. They are living longer than
any previous AmeriCan generation, and
they are doing so in large measure be-
Cause of the tremendous progress that
has been made in American medical
knowledge and techniques. Paradoxi-
cally, it is this same program in the field
Of medicine, that places a heavy and
often insurniountabie burden on their
slender resources, because modern medi-
cal care is costly beyond anything we
have experrenced in the past. They
need hell?.
The next generation of retired persons
Will have much greater opportunity to
prepare for retirement.
In the first place, they know they can
e.XPect longer lives and Must make pre-
paration. They williae people who spent
most of their productive years in times
of prosperity. They will be protected by
the pension plans that are now being de-
veloped in ?most industries on a scale
hitherto unmown. And they will-have
available to, them hictlieds of prepaying
medical care insurance, company pro-
grams for the medical care of retired
employees, and greatly improved in-
surance programs especially designed for
the retired person. All of these things
are now developing, proving the in-
genuity of the free enterprise system and
Its ability to solve the problems of our
people.
In the face of these facts, why adopt a
program that would burden the already
Inadequate Socia' Security System with
a tremendously costly, permanent hos-
pital program, finance4. by a regressive
payroll tax, as H.R. 1 would do?
- Why adopt a program that envisions a
Complicated Federal.-State relationship
with uncertain benefits, depending upon
the willingness of the States to increase
their taxes ox to divert funds from exist-
ig prPgYaQs. that,. already are in-
uatelY ftnanced? H.R. 377 would
thM.
? All three would mean tremendous an-
nual expenditures. Only H.R. 3727 in-
eludes any incentive to people to find the
means of helping themselves, and this
feature of. the bill is at cross-purposes
with all the rest. How effective will it be
to provide a tax deduction for prepaid
medical care insurance if the individual
is assured the Government will take care
of him anyhow?
H.R. 21 will accomplish more for less
money because it relies on the genius of
free enterprise and because it does not
require the establishment of any new
Federal or State agency or even the en-
largement of any agency. And as the
years go by, as medical care insurance
becomes more comprehensive and more
readily available and as our older peo-
ple become better able to discharge their
obligations, H.R. 21 will become less and
less necessary. It is a crutch we can
throw away when we no longer need it;
not a brace we must wear for life.
The money and influence of the AFL-
CIO, the Democratic Party, and the De-
partment of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare have been used to publicize the
King-Anderson bill. The AMA must be
spending millions on publicity for the
Curtis-Herlong bill. The fact that the
ranking minority member and several of
his colleagues on the Committee on Ways
and Means have prepared a bill has been
widely noted in the press and certainly is
newsworthy. Meanwhile, H.R. 21, the
easiest and best solution to the problem,
which has gained broad acceptance and
support wherever it has been presented
to doctors, senior citizens, and others
during the past 3 years, receives little
consideration.
I repeat, it will be a sad day for this
country if we insist on trying to solve this
temporary problem by building another
bureaucratic monster. Let us take the
simple, direct, effective route provided in
H.R. 21.
TRIBUTE TO BENJAMIN L.
ROSENBLOOM
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
CLEVELAND) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, today it is
my sad duty to-announce the passing of
the late Benjamin L. Rosenbloom, one of
our former Members, who served the
First Congressional District of West Vir-
ginia, so ably, fearlessly, and with such
distinction from 1921 to 1925 in the 67th
and 68th Congresses.
Mr. Rosenbloom passed away last Mon-
day in a Cleveland hospital at the age of
85 after a long illness.
An outstanding Republican, Mt.
Rosenbloom was a close personal friend
of mine. He was a leader while in the
Congress in securing laws on stream pol-
lution, guaranteeing bank deposits, and
governing aliens. Often we had the op-
portunity over the years of my service in
this body to compare notes of the many
changes that have taken place.
Mr. Rosenbloom served in the West
Virginia State Senate before coming to
the Congress in 1921. During his con-
gressional campaign, he compiled a paper
During this this period, Mr. Rosenbloom
also found time to serve as Wheeling city
councilman, mayor, and newspaper pub-
lisher. Along with his busy lifetime of
public service, he served as grand exalted
ruler of the Wheeling, W. Va., Elks Lodge.
In the 1930's, he founded a weekly news-
paper called Tides which was hest known
for its outspoken editorial policy. He
was quite outspoken on the subject of
prohibition. At the time he mounted his
crusade in the State senate, he was the
only member of that body opposing the
drys.
Mr. Speaker, Mr. Rosenbloom was a
leader in his time. He maintained his
keen interest in government long after he
left the Congress. I am proud Benjamin
L. Rosenbloom came from West Vir-
ginia?particularly proud that he came
from the district in West Virginia I eln
privileged to represent. I believe we all
are better people because of him and his
lifetime of service to his State and Nation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
(Mr. WOLFF (at the request of Mr.
Aninws) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I echo the
sentiments of the President on the im-
portance of education:
Nothing matters more to the future of our
country, not our military preparedness?for
armed might is worthless if we lack the
brains to build a world peace; not our pro-
ductive economy?for we cannot sustain
growth without trained manpower; not our
democratic system of government?for free-
dom is fragile if citizens are ignorant.
The need for better educational facili-
ties and materials is current; the need
for a more comprehensive education plan
to secure adequate education levels for
all Americans is current. These current
problems should and must be met now.
Our great country craves and needs bet-
ter educated citizens if it is to continue
as a prospering, vibrant society.
The public education of our children
is primarily the responsibility of the
States and local communities. The Fed-
eral Government has never sought to
preempt this responsibility, and I want
to exercise continued vigilance that this
policy is adhered to. However, when
spiraling costs place education beyond
the means of our burdened local and
State governments, the Federal Govern-
ment has both the authority and respon-
sibility to assist them. Local taxes in
support of education and the sundry
other responsibilities have reached the
saturation point. The local resident is
inundated with a myriad of local taxes
which utilize real property holding as
the tax base. There is a need to spread
this burden; there is a need of providing
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Approved For Rel
SCHtERTS lTSF.t.P WITH
&YHA I)EALS'
r. ROGERS of Florida asked and
:ehren nerinission to address the
olts(r.'for 1 Minute and to revise and
rid his remarks.) '
'1,145dEllSf Florida. Mr.
yesWfdiif-a Et-A-ranking dip-
efeeted from ;he Cuban Embassy
n ofily to tell the press after he
d !ached asylum in Paris that Fidel
astrO was 'using his Embassy in Spain
launch subversion against the Franco
The diplomat, ?don Alvarez de la
ampa, was elide a trusted Castro aide
ho 'particrpated in the Communist
Volution in Cuba. His testimony gives
ramettic proof to the- treachery of
astto and his followers. Spain and
"Eili-aireAtiat signed a trade agree-
- -feli nOw 'm.tkei T3Pa1n Castro's
un -47 w ere the e takitarian
or oureNa-
,eoming_incre gly awaxe of
hytectisy ofIt?
r Wiles inte-rWiN ronlif -a-siin
-either witY-or r ani
ay?in:y eblleagueSlirid their con-
?fl airs -latest
n anriefely 'ili5therThaff-Pre of a
arbf life that in- its antelellum days
was tlie accepted expression of hospi-
tality.
The Interstate Commerce Commission
was createi to regulate common carriers
in the promotion of safe and efficient
transpOrtation service. I intend to ask
that COmnission to investigate this ap-
parently calculated refusal of service
and requett that it take proper steps to
insure sats and uninterrupted passage
for our cit zens wherever they may be in
interstate travel.
Mr. ,Spe aker, I say shame on those
guilty ?crewmen and railroad managers
for thelr spiteful acts.
(Mr, W7DLER (at the request of Mr.
CLEVELAND) was granted permission to
extend hie remarks at this point in the
REcorn? as d to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
adliag trade partner- itt Western [Mr. WYDLER'S remarks will appear
' hereafter p. the Appendix.2
The_ Awrican Maritime Association
s revealed' that Spain is building aN
I JUpTI,.,E DONE TO OUR LOCAL
rge fleet of cargo vessels, refrigerator POL[CE BY ASSOCIATION
hips, and fishing boats for Cuba. Many
tthese Will be used by Castto's seamen (Mr. GROVER (at the request of Mr.
betrinete against the U.S. fishing in- CLEVELANI ) was granted permission to
ust/y, as well as for spreading Corn- extend hie, remarks at this point in the
ist subversion throughout this REcoap and to include extraneous mat-
here. ' - ter.)
Ilts..tilefacKalso remains that Spain's Mr. GE OVER. Mr. Speaker, as one
OP to Castro ieing?direated right who wholly supports the civil rights con-
atk, against her. By helping Corn- cepts of eaual opportunity and equality
_kt Cuba, Spain is subverting her- under the law and certainly equality in
el,f, and assisting Castrb in bis efforts voting rights, may I address myself to
o foment trouble in this hemisphere. another iijustice, the injustice done to
,Orly a tight 'boycott against Cuba im-' our loeal police by association.
()Sect by the free warld will curb Corn. Oftentimes the lens is in focus on the
t_Cuba. mouse and misses the mountain. The
- - - .;boncerra3on of national interest on the
= - sham ul eventa
THE STATE night ago, would present, if unchal-
0031JAA Iengeol, an erroneous' image of the po-
? KREBS asked and was given licemein -Cir the State, county, or local
rfrfon to 'address the House for 1 commnnities--an image unfair and
rite, to revise and extend his remarks, undeserved.
to include extraneous matter.) So, Mr. Speaker, it is high time that
IVIr KREBS. Mr. Speaker, this morn-- -someohe took the floor of this House to
ng we again witnessed another incident speak out for the tens of thousands of
hat demonstrates tae humiliation, har- complbteli dedicated Americans, God-
SSMerit and intolerance heaped upon fearing family men who make up the
any of our citizens in certain sections policefonies of this country. These men
f our country, are a..4 /inch soldiers as our brave men
More than a hundred American citi- in the far corners of the world in their
a.en route from the Nation's Capital unselfish devotion to duty?often dan-
1:tontgomery, Ala., were delayed in gerous and unacknowledged.
nierstote travel *lien 'their train, My 'hat is off to those I know well?
hartered from the Southern Railroad, to Nesse i's and Suffolk's fine county
left without a crew of the Atlanta Sz and vinare police in my district?to New
,es PtAailroad in -the State of York City's finest?and to their col-
orgia. IVIind yot these' were Amen*. leagues in the police departments coun-
eitizens traveling from one State to trywide who have done SO much for so
othpr. 114 is- not one cif those intol- 11151Wenable sitnations :that are SUPposed to be-I ash pleased to submit for the interest
-IntiOnniaee-Jri Some far-off undemo- of tht H yuse this eloquent letter from
No.'53` 7
a '&iltiint fO one of our Joe-al news-
papers in praise of the men in blue.
HLTNTINGTON, LONG ISLAND.
EDITOR, THE LONG-ISLANDER: The con-
tinually growing efforts of certain individ-
uals, some of whom are legislators, to cir-
cumvent and curtat the activities of police-
men in the sworn duties of the profession,
.(1..e.) protecting life and property, detec-
tion of crime, arrest of offenders et al, is
having a serious and menacing effect.
Police work is a never-ending, ceaseless ef-
fort that requires the utmost dedication in
the war on crime. The police officer must
feel appreciated, must feel he is backed by
the citizenry in general as well as his super-
iors. Charles Murphy one of the most saga-
cious politicians in the heyday of Tam-
many Hall for all his Governor-bus-
ing, Senator-making proclivity refused to
Interfere with the orderly processes of the
police department.
Today, however, politicians and officeseek-
ers, in order to curry favor with group, are
willing to scrap the duties of the police
officer or so hamstring their operations as
to make the job too onerous. The writer
was amazed to note in North Carolina pa-
pers advertisements for candidates for New
York City Police Department.
Suffolk County has not as yet felt this
reluctance of police candidates to take the
job of law enforcement but as we grow, it
could be faced with the same problems. Our
choice then would be to lower the high
standards now required with a resultant loss
of top materials; or, seek recruits in the
hinterlands of the Nation.
Let us hope that zealous newspaper editors,
television and radio commentators, together
with political officeseekers, do not over-
subscribe to the liberal views on the Dec-
laration of Independence to such excess that
they will undermine the very foundation
of the beloved ConwAtution. Rapine, riot and
revolution in every corner of the globe, have
followed in the breakdown of law and order.
On this the eve of President Johnson's
message on anticrime to Congress, he must
stress that we jealously guard, protect, and
justify the rights and duties of the police
officer in his hexculean task, against no
matter the power .or prestige of those who
would oppose. Public opinion must pre-
vail. Let us stand beside not behind the
men who wear the blue.
RAYMOND A. DONOVAN.
MEDICAL CARE PROGRAM
(Mr. BOW (at the request of Mr.
CLEVELAND) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. BOW. Mr Speaker, it is distress-
ing to me, as I am certain it must be to
millions of Americans, to see the Con-
gress moving toward enactment of a
massive, permanent Government medical
care program in an effort to solve what
is really a temporary problem.
For various sound and understandable
reasons, the majority of Americans who
are retiring today, or have retired in the
past few years, have not been able to
make adequate preparations to discharge
obligations which may arise when seri-
ous illness strikes. For equally sound
reasons, this is a temporary problem
which will not affect so large a propor-
tion of retired citizens in the years ahead
nor affect any of them as seriously.
I listened with interest to a television
program in which the senior Senator of
2003/09/26 CIA-RDP67B00446R000500080005-4
Approved For Release 2003/09/26 : CIA-RDP67600446R000500080005-4
Lawmakers at White House
Presklent and Mrs. Johnson
entertained members of
Congress last night in the
eighth of their series of
congressional receptions.
The party, which was at-
tended by 54 representatives
and their wives, followed the
same format as previous
parties in the series.
Last night's guests were:
The Secretary of Defense and Mrs. Mc-
Namara.
Hon. and Mrs. George W. Ball, acting'
igaryng Mrs.state.
H
Kermit Gordon, director 1
of the ftureau of the Budget.
Rep. and Mrs. E. Ross Adair.
Rep. and Mrs. Bert Bandstra.
Rep. and Mrs. Lindley Beckworth.
Rep. Frances P. Bolton.
Rep. and Mrs. William E. Brock,
Rep. James A. Burke.
Rep. and Mrs. Phillip Burton.
Rep. and Mrs. John W. Davis.
Rep. and Mrs. W. J. Bryan Dorn.
Rep, and Mrs. Robert B. Duncan.
Rep. and Mrs. Don Edwards.
Rep. and Mrs. W. Jack Edwards.
Rep. and Mrs. Robert F. Ellsworth.
Rep. and Mrs. John N. Erlenborn.
Rep. and Mrs. Frank E. Evans.
Rep. and Mrs. Billie S. Farnum.
Rep. and Mrs. 0. C. Fisher.
Rep. Thomas S. Foley.
Rep. and Mrs. E. C. Gathings.
Rep. and Mrs. Sam M. Gibbons.
? Rep. and Mrs. Bernard F. Grabowski.
Rep. and Mrs. Harlan Hagen.
Rep. and Mrs. Lee H. Hamilton.
F-7000
tares 'til 9:30 tonight
Rep. and Mrs. Jame is Harvey.
Rep.; and Mrs. A. S. Herlong Jr.
Rep, and Mrs. Chet Bonfield.
Rep. and Mrs. James J. Howard.
Rep. and Mrs. Edward Hutchinson.
Rep.tAndrew Jacobs Jr.
Rep.,and Mrs. Albert W. Johnson.
ReP,and Mrs. Hastings Keith.
Rep:and Mrs. Cecil R. King,
Rep. and Mrs. Clarence D. Long.
Rep. and Mrs. John 0. Marsh Jr.
Rep. Joseph W. Martin Jr.
Rep. land Mrs. Robert C. McEwen.
Rep. and Mrs. John M. Murphy.
Rep. And Mrs. Alec G. Olson.
Rep. and Mrs. Otto E. Passman.
Rep. and Mrs. Richard H. Poff.
Rep. and Mrs. Albert H. QUlk.
Rep, and Mrs. Teno Roncalio.
DI 7-7000
Rep, and Mrs. Fruit B. Rooney.
Rep. and Mrs. Fernand J. St. Germain.
Rep. and Mrs. Herman T. Schneeben.
Rep. and Mrs. Richard S. Schweilter.
Rep. and Mrs. Rated T. Secrest.
Rep. and Mrs. George F. Senner Jr.
Rep. and Mrs. Robert L. F. Sikes,
Rep. J. William Stanton.
Rep. and Mrs. Burt L. Takiott.
Rep. and Mrs. Herbert Tenzer.
Rep. and Mrs. Weston E. Vivian.
Rep. and Mrs. Jamie L. Whitten.
THE EVENING STAR
wash/nolo, 'c.
Friday, Marc* 5, 1965
Soeiety-Home
Embroidery Lessons
T h e Ukrainian National
Women's League, Chapter 78
of Wasiiing!,on, will begin
instruction in Ukrainian
embroidery tomorrow, 10 a.m.
to noon, at the Holy Family
Ukrainian Catholic Church,
4817 Blagden Ave. NW.
Mrs. Myra Skaskiw, presi-
dent, and Mrs. Stephanie
Diachok will teach the various
embroidery stitches and
patterns.
DI 7-7000
shop our suburban stores
until 9:30 tonight
DESIGNS ON
SPRING . . . in our
incredibly supple de-
signer suit beauti-
fully moulded by
Zelinko Matlick
Approved For Release 2003/09/26 : CIA-RDP67600446R000500080005-4
25X1
'
New l peeSays04 KFffiltra
By CIA to Sabotage Cuban Sugar
NEW YORK, March 26
(UPI) ? Enterprising U.S.
agents chemically sabotaged a
shipment of Cuban sugar
bound for Russia just before
the Cuban missile crisis in
1962 but President Kennedy
intervened to prevent delivery
of the tainted sugar, the New
York Times reported today.
White House intervention
foiled the Central Intelligence
A g e nc y's "Caribbean melo-
drama" but incurred the wrath
of the Soviet government in
the process by holding in a
Puerto Rican port thousands
of sacks of sugar taken off a
Russia-bound freighter, the
Times said. The case remains
in the Puerto Rican Common-
wealth courts where it ended
up after a bitter diplomatic
exchange ad legal maneuver-
mg.
According to the Times,
CIA agents tainted the sugar
with a chemical agent which
was nonpoisonous but which
spoiled the sugar's quality and
gave it a foul taste. The idea
I was to plant suspicion in So-
viet minds about the quality
land purity of Cuban sugar.
Mr. Kennedy intervened be-
cause he feared injury to So-
viet consumers and was wary
of setting a "dreadful prece-
dent in chemical sabotage,"
the Times said. It reported
the case came to light during
the present controversy over
South Viet-Nam forces using
U.S. supplied nonlethal gas in
their anti-Communist guerrilla
war.
A British freighter, under
lease to the Soviets, made its
way into San Juan harbor on
Aug. 22, 1962, after damaging
a propeller on a reef. It car-
ried the sugar and other car-
go, the Times said.
A total of 14,135 of the
80,000 bags of sugar aboard
were placed in a Puerto Ricae
custom:: warehouse where the
U.S. agents applied the chemi-
cal substance to it, the news-
paper said.
The Times said that in early
September Washington or-
dered that the impounded sug-
ar should not be allowed out
of Puerto Rico for any reason.
A man known as Terry Kane
and some associates from Mi-
ami went to court to contend
that the sugar should be per-
manently seized by Puerto
Rico in settlement of debts
owed by the Cubans. The
court issued such a writ, the
paper said.
The action prompted a se-
ries of angry diplomatic notes
from Moscow. Washington re-
plied that the Russians should
seek legal redress. The Rus-
sians went to Federal court in
Puerto Rico on Oct. 14, two
days before Soviet missiles
were discovered in Cuba.
The court ruled that a So-
viet importer, not the Cubans,
owned the sugar and it could
not be used as a settlement of
a Cuban debt, the Times said.
.!"uerto Rico appealed. In July,
1963, a Federal appellate
court in Boston ruled the Fed-
eral courts had no jurisdic-
tion and the case then re-
turn e d to Commonwealth
courts where it remains unset-
tled.
The Times also said that
during the time the British
freighter was in port in Puerto
Rico a mysterious fire broke
out in its hold.
5-4
Approved For Release 2003/09/26 ; CIA-RDP67600446R000500080005-4
THE EVENING STAR
B-16 Amusements arraTt3;565
HOLLYWOOD
Connie's, Face
Is Her Own
By SHEILAH GRAHAM
plus
DIXIELAND
with ENE MOND end the
FOGGY BOTTOM '6'
EXTRA ARSIPP
NUKE DORAN
Comedy Senstaten
BAYOU
3131 I( St., N.W. FE 3.2897
SUNDAY, MARCH 28th ONLY
WOODY
HERMAN
and his 16 sic ORCKSTRA
RESERVE NOW'
HOLLYWOOD (NANA) - I
asked Connie Bennett a question
which in the old days would
have caused her to chew me up
and spit out the pieces. They
are saying that you have had
your face lifted. in it true?"
"Absolutely not, calmly
replied the veteram star, who is
back in Hollywood meineg her
Pont film in 12 years, "Madame
X." "Look," she said, "arowd
my forehead and behind my
ears. I have no scars."
Actually my question was a
sort of compliment. Connie, who
was a big star before I went to
Hollywood, looks so young that,
as she told me herself, "some-
one said to me yesterday: 'My
god) Vfim did your face?" To
pleaSlIre lovers
teall1.50 plaza :LA%
NONE.
NONE...
NONE...
TO COMPARE TO
'NONE BUT
THE BRAVE"
FRANK SINATRA
CLUITWILIWTOENT MRS
TECHIMIN MANSIMPHIN INAMER BROSZ
which someone else replied
Connie told me, "God did he;
face."
"Marlene Dietrich asked me
in London," Mi. Bennett
continued, "Do people keep-
asking you if yeas have had
lure lift? Well, they hadn't
then, so I said no. 'They are
always asking me,' mid Mar.
lone, 'and I just show them
around my forehead and my
ears." That's a laip several
people would like to take. "Not
Mat I would mind having a face
lift," continued Connie, "but my
husband (Brig. Gee. John
Conker) likes the face I happen
to have."
And whlle I was asking
awkward questions, I asked
Ronald Reagan. Why did
Goody Knight attack you?"
(Over Ronnie switching a few
yews ago from Democrat to
Repittlican. Ete former=
nor of California, who
plans to run again, referred to
rival Ronnie as an ex-left
winger ) "Since when has being
a Democrat meant you were a
left winger?" Ronnie asked me.
His attractive wife, Nancy, said
something about Goody a
tired old man. "But," a
Reagan, whose name has been
mentioned prominently as
R epublic an candidate for
Governor the neat time around,
"I era not entering a brick-
throwing contest." A pity. It's
fascinating watching bricks
thrown, as long as they are not
thrown at you,
Shll midis questions, I said
In Robert Taylor, "It is as
fashienable for attars to nal for
office, how about running for
President?" "I," said the movie
matinee Idol Of the late 108 and
'40s, "I rim rumba for the
office of earthed dogcatcher."
But I want through. "How
about those coffee commercials
you do with your wife on
television? In the old days you
couldn't get even a mond-rank
star to do a commercial." I
remember Claudette Colbert
leavings show because she was
asked to say a few kind words
personally
get
about the product "Ws the
money," rmlied Robert. "R's
too good to re(use."
To revert to the Producers
Guild'n lovely bash for Alfred
Hitchcock, there was the usual
gam when Cary Great, who
never attends such affairs,
arrived to pay hanage to the
old master of horror. But at
that moment I was more
nterested in the fabulous
diamond necklace nestling
around the neck of Maureen 0'.
madly, I asked Maureen,r1
tiara. With my eyes
you go to Europe TAM you
finish your picture at
Universal?" ('"rhe Rare
Breed," with Jimmy Stewart.)
"More is ordy one place I go to
When I fink* my pictures in
Hollywood," the lovely redhead
replied. "Oh, of course,. said I,
"Memo!" She has been in love
for a long time with that
Mexican millionaire business-
man. "I dem% lame anyone who
as good enough to him Ms
boots," she told me. "I hope the
good Lord will make it posable
for on to many one day, then
no one from this town will ever
see me again." I must have
looked hint, became Maureen
added hastily, "You are always
welcome to visit me. In fact,
you can slay any lime now in
the home I own in Mexico
City." If there are some films
beheg made In the neighborhood,
I will take her up on the offer.
They tell me that Nassau has
retained to near normal ahem
the departure of the Beatles for
Europe. During their two weeks
of location for their second
movie, you couldn't hire a
room, or a speedboat or a long-
dis t one e photalens. They
haven't yet come up with a title.
Prille6/15 Soraya paid an
unexpected tint to Nassau,
after visiting her good friend
Max Schell in Lanka. Producer
Walter Shenson, who also asks
=nf, asked her, "Do Y.
o continueith your
movie career?" "I plaeatO make
another film soon," she replied.
And that will be aS for queen
lions and answers today.
BROADWAY
By EARL WILSON
NEW YORK - LILPs mew
Ambainador to Spain, popular
Angler Biddk Duke, formerly
protocol chief for the Stabs
Dept., had a aeries of briefings
here Watering him for his new
prat . . . then went to Toots
Shor's for supper.
A frieed bought also Andms-
sador a drink, wishing him, his
wife, Robin Chandler, and bh
five children every success.
They sail for Algeciras March
28 on the Atlantic.
Toots Shoo lumbered to the
Ambassador's table about this
time. to one of the least em-
bassy -like utterances eger
heard, Toots shouted to a bar
waiter:
"PM a head on the ambassa-
dor)"
? ? * ?
Arthur Godfrey's being urged
to take over the lead in "Never
Too Late" on B'way (repbcing
Danis O'Keefe, who'll do his
own film "Double Agent")
Dorothy Lamour sad Rita
Hayworth are both here shop-
ping for schools for their
children (Rita for something in
New England for Princess
Tasniln) ... "If there's a nip in
rThis is where
the FUN is:
TM
PRESIDENTIAL
ROOM
VS km111.11,1E4, dimes
aodLadlegth.t;sr
DotehaIrn, a Pa. Moe-Sot,
otshntra
cogiuded. telao llarly said,
lisenvatiorat 012400a
ilskAAA0
Loret. Olarialfted
A 'est Fqr llejeae zooTopq6 : CIA-RDP67600446R000500080005-4
recen Is age mole sa she s in ab m e
violation. . . A New York nonplussed. The producers don't
Politico is dyeing his graying mem to be aware of her being
the air," suggests P.I1c2,.
"drink it" . Cyd Charisse
doubts that American women'll
go for the above- the -knees
dreases. Hie says the backs of
their lames (yeah, that's what
she said aren't pretty . . . A
lot of night clubs have a mini-
; and'7 thathn ee of San
wear it.
? ? ? *
"If it weren't for all those
workers gettbm to the ,"
automobiles ' bottleneck
raffle jams ow
complained a Detroit auto
manidwtimm' t ye one, "we
mold manufacture about 10
limes as mamyoutornobiks."
Secret Stuff A prcaninent
playboy who got out of jail
LAST SHOW MIDNIGHT
r M ir-SKE THE U WOMAN.- NYE SWELL DIE LAMM
iP
MMUS '140,
JACKLEMMON
'NOW=
URDER-.,
TOUR WIFE'
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discosnCgjf9 111511111010111.rer.11511.0 /1111111
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LVtaft2Y
t, o
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AMERICAN LIGHT
OPERA CO.
TONIGHT 8:30
WED.-SAT. 8:30 PM.'
SUNDAYS 2:30-7:30
FIRST PRODUCTION OUTSIDE N.Y. OF THE OFF?DROADWAY MUSICAL MITI
"Enough to interest even Has most lagging spirit-raro consistency
of style, lyrics aro nimble, music sustains the mood of well-brad
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7 ACADEMY AWARD
NOMINATIONS!
ANTHONY QUINN
ALAN BATES IRENE PAPAS
?. WitHAELCACOYANNIS PRODUCTION
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fFIFTEENTH
ANNUAL NATIONAL CAPITAL
10
GAM
MARCH
12 thru 2.1
11 AM to 11 PM
?
ADULTS $1.50
Infants in arms A..UNDER TWELVE
Restaurant on Premiss.
CH I LDREN 50c
Ample Porking.
13-2 Bus to Armaiy.
DO BRING YOUR CAMERA-BE SURE TO GET AN OFFICIAL FLOWER SHOW GUIDE
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WHEATON1PTLAZA AND PRINCE GEORGESIPRD144
THUNDERING
RAINCOAT SPECIAL!
only14.99
What a glorioUts feeling-
we've extra special singing.in.theiredn
coats in dazzling shaped or classic,
single and double breasted styles of combed
cotton poplin,-tackle twill, cotton
and nylon mist, plus novelty fabrics. All in
a rainbow array of colors in Misses',
Junior and Junior Petite sizes,
6th he and 3 to 15. Casual Coats.
No mailer phone orders, please.
4 1 e e
MENI
OUR RAINCOAT SPECIAL'S
ELEMENTARY!
22.99
comparable:oho 37.50
For facing the elements, It makes
terrifically good sense to save on our
famous maker raincoats, Sensibly styled
with split shoulders and flap
pockets. Not only water-repellent but
waterproof in Reeyaief, a breathing blend
of Dacron* polyester and cotton.
Natural or black, smartly lined In plaid.
36 to 46 sizes, regular or long.
No mail or phone orders, please.
FRANKLIN SIMON
MEN'S V SHOP
Johnsons
Hold 10th
Reception
The 10th congressional
reception of the year was
given at the White House last
night by President and Mrs.
Jolmson, with 71 members of
the House of Representatives
arid their wives as sneata.
The party Iotlnwod the
pattern of the previous nine:
The congressmen were given
a briefing by Secretary of
State Rusk, Secretary of
De f ense McNamara and
Budget Director Kermit
Gordon while their wives saw
Nhi use'
a filmte I"Pk?a' the
After the briefings and the
film, the groups rejoined each
other for a buffet nipper is
the State Dining Room.
Last night's guests were:
J11.4. Wee Weald. and MR Hum.
TV'SeletVerteel"' V.1
alcalemon.
Mreeter. Bureau el We Bud. awl
Mtn. Kermit Gordon.
Res and Mrs. Gle.
rt. tne adsak av.aws
Rep and S.ti Prank Amu..
Rregp 115 50 SSG r. "B*rt.d
Dm IL Y. Berry.
zol
Rep Ilea ...Pe J..rtm.
lel rid
il
fleft red rrerette"=7". ?
a. mad, V maw.
....and .zallents
.o Runnel Ls Devine.
Rep ...a Sohn 6. Bow
Rep awl Ms. sass J. Hum.
Rep and 31.. Xen
zene mean.
Reo and elns. Sohn
Rep Ed. .oen.
iLBeo. and Kn. George W. Ga.
Rep a. Mrs. Hoe. V. Hama
Rep. Ken ladder.
Vel'7"lrerertari'lL .L"ruesale.
F.o...11.1. Horace R. Hornell..
and"" ''''Speedrerang'.
Lep ..and
Repa est ""Tilts.
end hire*. Cad D. Perls.p.m.
Hal alms Ban.. PelatetotAhrett.
.o. and Max lo. A. Race.
Heo. ItHaeche.
Rep Rd afts. Babb T. R.re.
Rep. wad Wm Peter W. Realm
Rap.'" and?"Bent." "".. Donald Rtnefekl.
tridVair't 'acaS
Rep. god Mr,. Tam P. serfor.
Rep. 8041 Mtn labs FL fielmiefauser.
Sep. md bfas. Hemp P. 8.1.
Rep. and Lot PeeMe? MIker.
Rep.Rep. and BM. RAM. C. WM.
and Yee. John BeR IPRRnme.
3o8 ood DM Mal. H. IV.. i
Rep MI Me. WM. we..
YWCA Plans
Busy Visit
For Delegates
A White House reception,
embassy luncheons, and
governmental briefings win be
song the activities for
delegates to this kola
International Training Insti-
tute of the Young Women's
Christian Association which
starts Monday.
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson MS
to receive the 47 women lead-
ers from 33 countries today,
following a 3 p.m. White
House tour.
The delegates include both
Tw0A volunteers and staff
members who will learn
through the throemonth-lang
hestitute ways to help women
in their homelands to be more
ef f ective in commtmity
development.
Ranging from business
women to housewives, the
delegates were ohm= for
their concern with community
development and their
interest in volunteer service In
education, health and living
standards.
The Washingtme visit is
midway In their Amerlcan
tow. Upon leaving the capital,
they will visit the United
Nations and then separate for
Individual observation eselp-
mods to YWCAs in the U.S.
and Canada. They will later
attend regional workshops and
a final conference
Game Night Set
The Business and Profes-
sional Chapter of Hoed Writh
Women will hold a "Game
Night" at 7 p.m. tomorrow in
the Montgomery Room of the
Woodward & Lothrop store in
the Wheaton Plana, Shopping
Center.
FINAL DAYS!
PERMANENT SALE
REGULARLY Be
with Supatior Knew HOW
See our 'fellow Page, or Dal,
NA 1512 for the Salon Nearest
You n Downtown Waslungton,
tt r .1t. or pawns
THE EVENING STAR
Washington, O. C., Fade), March U. /965
Society-Home
-5
FRANJELL E FFINC-
Jaunty young double breasted
suit, jumbo heningbone wool
blend, given, blue, 7-13, $40
value (School-Coreer Shop.)
830
Young tccdured Woe with top-
knot,
Juniors' two-piece skimmer In
rayon crepe, navy or block,
5-13. $25 volt.. $20
Swishy back-belted cross-bar
woolen, white, pink, 5-13 for
junior petite. $55 value. $45
9a
A
OUR GREATEST DAYS OF 'SPRING!
TOMORROWSTHE DAY
the mast important day to shop Jeffeff's exciting storewide Anniversary and
save on everything your new-season wardrobe calls for. With this list
as a guide, come to your favorite Jeffeff store. Tomorrow!!
DRESSES: Tomorrow's the day! SPRING COATS: tomorrow's the day!
New silhouettes, colors, textures--everything from dress-
maker to dashing cameo!, from pastel to vibrant shades and
newer-than-ever navy and white. Corne in and let no help
you choose!
comparable value Anniversory
All sizes $70. and $75. $60.
Women's $65. Coots $55.
Misses' $60. and $65. $50.
All sizes $55. Coats $45.
Juniors $45. Coats $35.
COSTUMES AND SUITS: Blouses create cosurne excite-
ment, chic two-piece suits, worsteds, flannels, knits, and
textures. Comparable $60. to $90. Values $49. and $59.
$23.435. Two and three piece wools and knits; all.purpose coats of
silk and other fabrics. Cornporable $55. ond $40. values
$30.
Sports Shop Selections: flavor your spring wardrobe with
smart suits that go -everywherts-hvo adn three piece
wools and knits; coots of silk and other fabrics amenable
to sunny days ado April showers. Comparable $35. and
$40. valuee $30.
In addition, a springtime bounty of pretty blouses, $8. to
$12. comparables for $6.
Third Floor, F Seem
Selections of Anniversary fashions at all bronco stores.
Jacket and coat ensembles, one-piece and two-piece
dresses, three-piece styles; each of these groups has a
diversified selection-
French Room
Women's Dresses
Misses' Dresses
Junior Dresses
Sports and Knit Dresses
15th floor) $30.445.
comparable value
$50. to $70.
$25.-$40.
$25.-$40.
$25.-$40.
Anniversary
$40.450.
E20.410.
$20.430.
$20.-$30.
YOUNG JUNIOR FASHIONS -a suits and coots favor-
ing youthful style preferences in lovely colors, white and
navy, fluff-weight woolens.
Coats, Costumes, Suits $40. and $45. $30.
Dresses, Suit Dresses $18. $15.
Skirts and Blouses $8. to $10. $5 to $6.
? Young Junior Shop, fourth floor F Street, also at branch storm
ACCESSORIES: tomorrow's the day!
MillInery;straws, fabrics and flowers to complement all Blouses, Sweaters, Scads; Comparable $6 and $7 blouses,
your fashions, comparable $5.95 to $25. values, , $3.95; comparable $11. to $17. sweaters, $8.95; cern-
$3.95 to $14.95 parable $2 to $4 silk and rayon/silk scarfs, 2 for $3
1$1.59 each)
Lingerie; There's such a choice of nylon tricot gowns, slips,
pajamas, petticoats, and briefs. Comparable $1.35 to $13
values-.41.19 to $9.
Shoes; a beautiful selection of Custorncraft and Made-
moiselle favorites, regularly $18.95 to $22.95.
$14.85, $17.85, $19?85
Handbags; choose a fashionable handbag of leather, fab-
ric, vinyl, or plastic patent; comparable $9 to $26. volueS
$5.95, $11.95, $13.95
Plus tote
Glom: you'll want several pairs when you consider the
savings on these fine fabric gloves. Comparable $3. to $7.
$2 and $2.95
Dusters and Shifts-crisp cottons that wash like o whiz,
come in a choice of styles and colorful prints. Also Amel
triacetote jersey robes. Comparable values $9 and $11,
$5.95 to $8.95
Jewelry; In the darning collection find stone-set pas, Girdloa and Bras the choice includes all figure types,
pastel beads, simulated pearls, matching earrings. Corn- favorite makes, too. Comparable values $5 to $17.95.
parable $4 to $6 volues-$3 end $4. $295 to $12.95
THE EVENING STAR
B-16 Amusements arraTt3;565
HOLLYWOOD
Connie's, Face
Is Her Own
By SHEILAH GRAHAM
plus
DIXIELAND
with ENE MOND end the
FOGGY BOTTOM '6'
EXTRA ARSIPP
NUKE DORAN
Comedy Senstaten
BAYOU
3131 I( St., N.W. FE 3.2897
SUNDAY, MARCH 28th ONLY
WOODY
HERMAN
and his 16 sic ORCKSTRA
RESERVE NOW'
HOLLYWOOD (NANA) - I
asked Connie Bennett a question
which in the old days would
have caused her to chew me up
and spit out the pieces. They
are saying that you have had
your face lifted. in it true?"
"Absolutely not, calmly
replied the veteram star, who is
back in Hollywood meineg her
Pont film in 12 years, "Madame
X." "Look," she said, "arowd
my forehead and behind my
ears. I have no scars."
Actually my question was a
sort of compliment. Connie, who
was a big star before I went to
Hollywood, looks so young that,
as she told me herself, "some-
one said to me yesterday: 'My
god) Vfim did your face?" To
pleaSlIre lovers
teall1.50 plaza :LA%
NONE.
NONE...
NONE...
TO COMPARE TO
'NONE BUT
THE BRAVE"
FRANK SINATRA
CLUITWILIWTOENT MRS
TECHIMIN MANSIMPHIN INAMER BROSZ
which someone else replied
Connie told me, "God did he;
face."
"Marlene Dietrich asked me
in London," Mi. Bennett
continued, "Do people keep-
asking you if yeas have had
lure lift? Well, they hadn't
then, so I said no. 'They are
always asking me,' mid Mar.
lone, 'and I just show them
around my forehead and my
ears." That's a laip several
people would like to take. "Not
Mat I would mind having a face
lift," continued Connie, "but my
husband (Brig. Gee. John
Conker) likes the face I happen
to have."
And whlle I was asking
awkward questions, I asked
Ronald Reagan. Why did
Goody Knight attack you?"
(Over Ronnie switching a few
yews ago from Democrat to
Repittlican. Ete former=
nor of California, who
plans to run again, referred to
rival Ronnie as an ex-left
winger ) "Since when has being
a Democrat meant you were a
left winger?" Ronnie asked me.
His attractive wife, Nancy, said
something about Goody a
tired old man. "But," a
Reagan, whose name has been
mentioned prominently as
R epublic an candidate for
Governor the neat time around,
"I era not entering a brick-
throwing contest." A pity. It's
fascinating watching bricks
thrown, as long as they are not
thrown at you,
Shll midis questions, I said
In Robert Taylor, "It is as
fashienable for attars to nal for
office, how about running for
President?" "I," said the movie
matinee Idol Of the late 108 and
'40s, "I rim rumba for the
office of earthed dogcatcher."
But I want through. "How
about those coffee commercials
you do with your wife on
television? In the old days you
couldn't get even a mond-rank
star to do a commercial." I
remember Claudette Colbert
leavings show because she was
asked to say a few kind words
personally
get
about the product "Ws the
money," rmlied Robert. "R's
too good to re(use."
To revert to the Producers
Guild'n lovely bash for Alfred
Hitchcock, there was the usual
gam when Cary Great, who
never attends such affairs,
arrived to pay hanage to the
old master of horror. But at
that moment I was more
nterested in the fabulous
diamond necklace nestling
around the neck of Maureen 0'.
madly, I asked Maureen,r1
tiara. With my eyes
you go to Europe TAM you
finish your picture at
Universal?" ('"rhe Rare
Breed," with Jimmy Stewart.)
"More is ordy one place I go to
When I fink* my pictures in
Hollywood," the lovely redhead
replied. "Oh, of course,. said I,
"Memo!" She has been in love
for a long time with that
Mexican millionaire business-
man. "I dem% lame anyone who
as good enough to him Ms
boots," she told me. "I hope the
good Lord will make it posable
for on to many one day, then
no one from this town will ever
see me again." I must have
looked hint, became Maureen
added hastily, "You are always
welcome to visit me. In fact,
you can slay any lime now in
the home I own in Mexico
City." If there are some films
beheg made In the neighborhood,
I will take her up on the offer.
They tell me that Nassau has
retained to near normal ahem
the departure of the Beatles for
Europe. During their two weeks
of location for their second
movie, you couldn't hire a
room, or a speedboat or a long-
dis t one e photalens. They
haven't yet come up with a title.
Prille6/15 Soraya paid an
unexpected tint to Nassau,
after visiting her good friend
Max Schell in Lanka. Producer
Walter Shenson, who also asks
=nf, asked her, "Do Y.
o continueith your
movie career?" "I plaeatO make
another film soon," she replied.
And that will be aS for queen
lions and answers today.
BROADWAY
By EARL WILSON
NEW YORK - LILPs mew
Ambainador to Spain, popular
Angler Biddk Duke, formerly
protocol chief for the Stabs
Dept., had a aeries of briefings
here Watering him for his new
prat . . . then went to Toots
Shor's for supper.
A frieed bought also Andms-
sador a drink, wishing him, his
wife, Robin Chandler, and bh
five children every success.
They sail for Algeciras March
28 on the Atlantic.
Toots Shoo lumbered to the
Ambassador's table about this
time. to one of the least em-
bassy -like utterances eger
heard, Toots shouted to a bar
waiter:
"PM a head on the ambassa-
dor)"
? ? * ?
Arthur Godfrey's being urged
to take over the lead in "Never
Too Late" on B'way (repbcing
Danis O'Keefe, who'll do his
own film "Double Agent")
Dorothy Lamour sad Rita
Hayworth are both here shop-
ping for schools for their
children (Rita for something in
New England for Princess
Tasniln) ... "If there's a nip in
rThis is where
the FUN is:
TM
PRESIDENTIAL
ROOM
VS km111.11,1E4, dimes
aodLadlegth.t;sr
DotehaIrn, a Pa. Moe-Sot,
otshntra
cogiuded. telao llarly said,
lisenvatiorat 012400a
ilskAAA0
Loret. Olarialfted
A 'est Fqr llejeae zooTopq6 : CIA-RDP67600446R000500080005-4
recen Is age mole sa she s in ab m e
violation. . . A New York nonplussed. The producers don't
Politico is dyeing his graying mem to be aware of her being
the air," suggests P.I1c2,.
"drink it" . Cyd Charisse
doubts that American women'll
go for the above- the -knees
dreases. Hie says the backs of
their lames (yeah, that's what
she said aren't pretty . . . A
lot of night clubs have a mini-
; and'7 thathn ee of San
wear it.
? ? ? *
"If it weren't for all those
workers gettbm to the ,"
automobiles ' bottleneck
raffle jams ow
complained a Detroit auto
manidwtimm' t ye one, "we
mold manufacture about 10
limes as mamyoutornobiks."
Secret Stuff A prcaninent
playboy who got out of jail
LAST SHOW MIDNIGHT
r M ir-SKE THE U WOMAN.- NYE SWELL DIE LAMM
iP
MMUS '140,
JACKLEMMON
'NOW=
URDER-.,
TOUR WIFE'
-113 1110
discosnCgjf9 111511111010111.rer.11511.0 /1111111
"MALL. IIHRAGEOVIT FUNKYP
LVtaft2Y
t, o
?
?
?
AMERICAN LIGHT
OPERA CO.
TONIGHT 8:30
WED.-SAT. 8:30 PM.'
SUNDAYS 2:30-7:30
FIRST PRODUCTION OUTSIDE N.Y. OF THE OFF?DROADWAY MUSICAL MITI
"Enough to interest even Has most lagging spirit-raro consistency
of style, lyrics aro nimble, music sustains the mood of well-brad
spoofing, diverting and charming numbers."
Howard Taubman-Now York Timm
STREETS
Of IR! TORE
CALL 965-5300 FOR RESERVATIONS I
TRINITY THEATRE ? 36th E 0 Sis., N.W.
.511 8411 Mort, Pada
OPEN TODAY AT 11 A.M. D.C. ARMORY
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trans-Ito playhouse 15TH a son. NAL
7 ACADEMY AWARD
NOMINATIONS!
ANTHONY QUINN
ALAN BATES IRENE PAPAS
?. WitHAELCACOYANNIS PRODUCTION
; *ZORBATHE GREEK"
121/0flt 7:170:11.A3?1;.:St5:11.718700
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fFIFTEENTH
ANNUAL NATIONAL CAPITAL
10
GAM
MARCH
12 thru 2.1
11 AM to 11 PM
?
ADULTS $1.50
Infants in arms A..UNDER TWELVE
Restaurant on Premiss.
CH I LDREN 50c
Ample Porking.
13-2 Bus to Armaiy.
DO BRING YOUR CAMERA-BE SURE TO GET AN OFFICIAL FLOWER SHOW GUIDE
The biggest flower garden in the world, and believe us it's beautiful! Beauty to behold .., from prize-winning
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or you're a skilled gardener looking for new ideas.
Sponsored by THE ALLIED FLORISTS OF AMTrEtUNAS111012irrOWliggiR40aRgilivz
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WHEATON1PTLAZA AND PRINCE GEORGESIPRD144
THUNDERING
RAINCOAT SPECIAL!
only14.99
What a glorioUts feeling-
we've extra special singing.in.theiredn
coats in dazzling shaped or classic,
single and double breasted styles of combed
cotton poplin,-tackle twill, cotton
and nylon mist, plus novelty fabrics. All in
a rainbow array of colors in Misses',
Junior and Junior Petite sizes,
6th he and 3 to 15. Casual Coats.
No mailer phone orders, please.
4 1 e e
MENI
OUR RAINCOAT SPECIAL'S
ELEMENTARY!
22.99
comparable:oho 37.50
For facing the elements, It makes
terrifically good sense to save on our
famous maker raincoats, Sensibly styled
with split shoulders and flap
pockets. Not only water-repellent but
waterproof in Reeyaief, a breathing blend
of Dacron* polyester and cotton.
Natural or black, smartly lined In plaid.
36 to 46 sizes, regular or long.
No mail or phone orders, please.
FRANKLIN SIMON
MEN'S V SHOP
Johnsons
Hold 10th
Reception
The 10th congressional
reception of the year was
given at the White House last
night by President and Mrs.
Jolmson, with 71 members of
the House of Representatives
arid their wives as sneata.
The party Iotlnwod the
pattern of the previous nine:
The congressmen were given
a briefing by Secretary of
State Rusk, Secretary of
De f ense McNamara and
Budget Director Kermit
Gordon while their wives saw
Nhi use'
a filmte I"Pk?a' the
After the briefings and the
film, the groups rejoined each
other for a buffet nipper is
the State Dining Room.
Last night's guests were:
J11.4. Wee Weald. and MR Hum.
TV'SeletVerteel"' V.1
alcalemon.
Mreeter. Bureau el We Bud. awl
Mtn. Kermit Gordon.
Res and Mrs. Gle.
rt. tne adsak av.aws
Rep and S.ti Prank Amu..
Rregp 115 50 SSG r. "B*rt.d
Dm IL Y. Berry.
zol
Rep Ilea ...Pe J..rtm.
lel rid
il
fleft red rrerette"=7". ?
a. mad, V maw.
....and .zallents
.o Runnel Ls Devine.
Rep ...a Sohn 6. Bow
Rep awl Ms. sass J. Hum.
Rep and 31.. Xen
zene mean.
Reo and elns. Sohn
Rep Ed. .oen.
iLBeo. and Kn. George W. Ga.
Rep a. Mrs. Hoe. V. Hama
Rep. Ken ladder.
Vel'7"lrerertari'lL .L"ruesale.
F.o...11.1. Horace R. Hornell..
and"" ''''Speedrerang'.
Lep ..and
Repa est ""Tilts.
end hire*. Cad D. Perls.p.m.
Hal alms Ban.. PelatetotAhrett.
.o. and Max lo. A. Race.
Heo. ItHaeche.
Rep Rd afts. Babb T. R.re.
Rep. wad Wm Peter W. Realm
Rap.'" and?"Bent." "".. Donald Rtnefekl.
tridVair't 'acaS
Rep. god Mr,. Tam P. serfor.
Rep. 8041 Mtn labs FL fielmiefauser.
Sep. md bfas. Hemp P. 8.1.
Rep. and Lot PeeMe? MIker.
Rep.Rep. and BM. RAM. C. WM.
and Yee. John BeR IPRRnme.
3o8 ood DM Mal. H. IV.. i
Rep MI Me. WM. we..
YWCA Plans
Busy Visit
For Delegates
A White House reception,
embassy luncheons, and
governmental briefings win be
song the activities for
delegates to this kola
International Training Insti-
tute of the Young Women's
Christian Association which
starts Monday.
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson MS
to receive the 47 women lead-
ers from 33 countries today,
following a 3 p.m. White
House tour.
The delegates include both
Tw0A volunteers and staff
members who will learn
through the throemonth-lang
hestitute ways to help women
in their homelands to be more
ef f ective in commtmity
development.
Ranging from business
women to housewives, the
delegates were ohm= for
their concern with community
development and their
interest in volunteer service In
education, health and living
standards.
The Washingtme visit is
midway In their Amerlcan
tow. Upon leaving the capital,
they will visit the United
Nations and then separate for
Individual observation eselp-
mods to YWCAs in the U.S.
and Canada. They will later
attend regional workshops and
a final conference
Game Night Set
The Business and Profes-
sional Chapter of Hoed Writh
Women will hold a "Game
Night" at 7 p.m. tomorrow in
the Montgomery Room of the
Woodward & Lothrop store in
the Wheaton Plana, Shopping
Center.
FINAL DAYS!
PERMANENT SALE
REGULARLY Be
with Supatior Knew HOW
See our 'fellow Page, or Dal,
NA 1512 for the Salon Nearest
You n Downtown Waslungton,
tt r .1t. or pawns
THE EVENING STAR
Washington, O. C., Fade), March U. /965
Society-Home
-5
FRANJELL E FFINC-
Jaunty young double breasted
suit, jumbo heningbone wool
blend, given, blue, 7-13, $40
value (School-Coreer Shop.)
830
Young tccdured Woe with top-
knot,
Juniors' two-piece skimmer In
rayon crepe, navy or block,
5-13. $25 volt.. $20
Swishy back-belted cross-bar
woolen, white, pink, 5-13 for
junior petite. $55 value. $45
9a
A
OUR GREATEST DAYS OF 'SPRING!
TOMORROWSTHE DAY
the mast important day to shop Jeffeff's exciting storewide Anniversary and
save on everything your new-season wardrobe calls for. With this list
as a guide, come to your favorite Jeffeff store. Tomorrow!!
DRESSES: Tomorrow's the day! SPRING COATS: tomorrow's the day!
New silhouettes, colors, textures--everything from dress-
maker to dashing cameo!, from pastel to vibrant shades and
newer-than-ever navy and white. Corne in and let no help
you choose!
comparable value Anniversory
All sizes $70. and $75. $60.
Women's $65. Coots $55.
Misses' $60. and $65. $50.
All sizes $55. Coats $45.
Juniors $45. Coats $35.
COSTUMES AND SUITS: Blouses create cosurne excite-
ment, chic two-piece suits, worsteds, flannels, knits, and
textures. Comparable $60. to $90. Values $49. and $59.
$23.435. Two and three piece wools and knits; all.purpose coats of
silk and other fabrics. Cornporable $55. ond $40. values
$30.
Sports Shop Selections: flavor your spring wardrobe with
smart suits that go -everywherts-hvo adn three piece
wools and knits; coots of silk and other fabrics amenable
to sunny days ado April showers. Comparable $35. and
$40. valuee $30.
In addition, a springtime bounty of pretty blouses, $8. to
$12. comparables for $6.
Third Floor, F Seem
Selections of Anniversary fashions at all bronco stores.
Jacket and coat ensembles, one-piece and two-piece
dresses, three-piece styles; each of these groups has a
diversified selection-
French Room
Women's Dresses
Misses' Dresses
Junior Dresses
Sports and Knit Dresses
15th floor) $30.445.
comparable value
$50. to $70.
$25.-$40.
$25.-$40.
$25.-$40.
Anniversary
$40.450.
E20.410.
$20.430.
$20.-$30.
YOUNG JUNIOR FASHIONS -a suits and coots favor-
ing youthful style preferences in lovely colors, white and
navy, fluff-weight woolens.
Coats, Costumes, Suits $40. and $45. $30.
Dresses, Suit Dresses $18. $15.
Skirts and Blouses $8. to $10. $5 to $6.
? Young Junior Shop, fourth floor F Street, also at branch storm
ACCESSORIES: tomorrow's the day!
MillInery;straws, fabrics and flowers to complement all Blouses, Sweaters, Scads; Comparable $6 and $7 blouses,
your fashions, comparable $5.95 to $25. values, , $3.95; comparable $11. to $17. sweaters, $8.95; cern-
$3.95 to $14.95 parable $2 to $4 silk and rayon/silk scarfs, 2 for $3
1$1.59 each)
Lingerie; There's such a choice of nylon tricot gowns, slips,
pajamas, petticoats, and briefs. Comparable $1.35 to $13
values-.41.19 to $9.
Shoes; a beautiful selection of Custorncraft and Made-
moiselle favorites, regularly $18.95 to $22.95.
$14.85, $17.85, $19?85
Handbags; choose a fashionable handbag of leather, fab-
ric, vinyl, or plastic patent; comparable $9 to $26. volueS
$5.95, $11.95, $13.95
Plus tote
Glom: you'll want several pairs when you consider the
savings on these fine fabric gloves. Comparable $3. to $7.
$2 and $2.95
Dusters and Shifts-crisp cottons that wash like o whiz,
come in a choice of styles and colorful prints. Also Amel
triacetote jersey robes. Comparable values $9 and $11,
$5.95 to $8.95
Jewelry; In the darning collection find stone-set pas, Girdloa and Bras the choice includes all figure types,
pastel beads, simulated pearls, matching earrings. Corn- favorite makes, too. Comparable values $5 to $17.95.
parable $4 to $6 volues-$3 end $4. $295 to $12.95