JEWISH CASE FOR EXTENDING NAZI PROSECUTIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400170029-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 28, 2005
• Sequence Number: 29
• Publication Date: March 1, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67 00446ROOO4OO17OO29-9
,a.
-3666 CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 1
#+auntries, Next to this he cited the need to
diversify industry and to build exports.
Touching on, Brazil, Mr. Rockefeller said
that after the revolt there last year he in-
vited seven;ieading Brazilian business leaders
to meet with important executives here. "We
organized an all-day meeting. They told us
that the revolt was not merely a military ex-
ercise, The plans they had for their country
then are now being carried out"
Mr. Moore said an important meeting to
"energize the Latin American Free Trade
Association beyond just speechmaking" will
be held in Buenos Aires early next month.
The president of the First National City Bank
commented that "politicians can blueprint
plans, but, only businessmen can implement
them."
He added: "We are optimistic that this
year will see progress-not solutions, mind
you-but real continued progress in Latin
America."
J WISH CASE FOR EXTENDING NAZI
PROSECUTIONS
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the RECORD an article from the New
York Herald Tribune of Sunday, Feb-
ruary 28, 1965, by Morris Abram, presi-
dent of the American Jewish Committee,
making the case for extending the stat-
ute of limitations on prosecution of Nazi
criminals in the German Federal Re-
public. The West German Cabinet has
recently indicated its willingness to
support extension of the, period of
limitations. This is a world problem of
justice, and not just a German problem,
and I am very confident that the Bun-
destag will vote for extension when the
issue comes before it next week.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:.
JEWISH CASE FOR EXTENDING NAZI
PROSECUTIONS
(West Germany's statute of limitations, as
now interpreted, will make it impossible to
start new prosecutions of Nazi war criminals
after May 8. Last November, the West Ger-
man Cabinet took the position that it would
be legally impossible to extend the deadline.
Reaction across the world stunned the West
Germans. Last week, the West German
Cabinet voted unanimously to support legis-
lation to extend the deadline. The Bundes-
tag Is to debate such a measure on March 10.
Morris B. Abram, president of the American
Jewish Committee, met with the German
Minister of Justice and gave him a memo-
randum on how he believes prosecutions can
continue without doing violence to the law.
This is his memorandum.)
I have had the benefit of reading a trans-
lation of your article on the subject in the
official Bulletin of the Federal Press Service
on January 8, 1965.
I respect your views: We have regained
freedom to live in accordance with law and
order and we are no longer exposed to arbi-
trariness, including changing laws retro-
actively as the Nazi legislation liked to do.
As you, I believe deeply in the rule of law
as the precondition of justice and civic
peace. Therefore, I do not ask you to adopt
special German legislation of an ex post
facto nature to deal with the problem.
You yourself have seemed to recognize the
widely accepted view that German basic law
against ex post facto legislation, article 103,
paragraph 2, applies only to substantive law.
You grant that some others feel that the
statute of limitations is only a procedural
rule and that an extension of its term would
on that account not violate your article 103,
paragraph 2, as ex post facto legislation.
However, I am willing to accept your view
that the statute of limitations contains both
substantive and procedural elements and
that an enlargement of the period would be
constitutionally prohibited.
Finally, I have not overlooked, as you
point out others have constantly, particularly
those abroad, the fact that prosecutions in
any case will after May 8, 1965, proceed in
individual cases wherein some judicial action
has been taken before that date.
On the other hand, I have noted with in-
terest and concern your own recent state-
ment in Tunis recognizing that a very small
number may escape.
(Moreover, your further statement in Tunis
that it is in the spirit of a statute of limita-
tions that some criminals escape justice could
cause considerable anxiety if misinterpreted.)
Again, despite the revulsion I share with
the civilized world on the contemplation of
Nazi crimes, I both respect and accept your
adherence to the principle of the rule of law
and I have predicated this memorandum on
this premise.
You are prosecuting Nazi criminals under
a German criminal law dating from 1871.
Admittedly, this law covers these crimes, but
these crimes are so gross as to extend far
beyond the contemplation of the legislators
of 1871.
Other states operating under a rule of law,
such as France and Belgium, have recognized
the inappropriateness of ordinary criminal
statutes for Nazi crimes, and have treated
them distinctly with different statutes of
limitation.
Also, the Legal Committee of the Legisla-
tive Assembly of the Council of Europe has
recommended consideration of what basically
has been the French and Belgian approach
to this problem. Your nation is affiliated
with the Council and no doubt you are aware
of the statement attributed to the chairman
of the Legal Committee, Mr. Hermond Lan-
ning, of Denmark, on December 18, 1964:
"He specified that this recommendation
was particularly aimed at the Bonn govern-
ment but by politeness it would be aimed at
all European governments."
It could be argued that the rule of law,
developed by an international consensus,
therefore not only permit but requires that
Nazi crimes against humanity be treated
other than as a simple domestic law viola-
tion. The view of the French National As-
sembly expressed on December 17, 1964, that
applying the doctrine of the Nuremberg
Tribunals, such crimes are not of an exclu-
sively national character and therefore
without a statute of limitations, is entitled
to serious respect.
Certainly, If the Nazi "crimes against
humanity" as defined by the United Nations
resolution of February 13, 1946, and by the
International Tribunal at Nuremberg, are
so accepted as crimes under international
law, they may be considered outside your
1871 code. Your constitution, article 25,
appears to give ample support to the suprem-
acy of such laws, providing that such take
"precedence over the (domestic) laws and
directly create rights and duties for the in-
habitants of the Federal territory. "
From the above It would seem that prose-
cutions of Nazi crimes could proceed under
law other than the code of 1871, without the
impediment of the Statute of Limitations
provided in that code. Nothing exceptional
would be required with respect to the 1871
code, merely a recognition that it is not the
exclusive source for trial and punishment of
Nazi crimes against humanity.
I somehow feel that the legislators in the
relatively humane days of 1871 would not be
surprised by such a determination.
But now I turn to a point which requires
no speculation, no legal imagination or in-
ventiveness, but only a rigorous and accurate
application of the German Code of 1871,
If you should continue to hold the view
that Nazi crimes against humanity must be
prosecuted exclusively under the code of
1871, then I respectfully beseech you to re-
examine the date you have chosen for the
commencement of the 20-year period of the
statute of limitations.
The 1871 code directs that the time limita-
tions runs from the day of the commission
of the deed, unless prosecution was impos-
sible,
Admittedly, you have been commencing
prosecution for several years of persons
charged with Nazi crimes committed more
than 20 years previously. Your basis for such
actions is that until May 8, 1945, such prose-
cutions were impossible.
Thus you have extended the 20-year period
of the statute by a discretionary determina-
tion of the date on which prosecution be-
came possible.
You might within reason and on the basis
of fact have chosen a variety of such dates,
but May 8, 1945 (V-E Day) is not a defensible
selection.
In short, you have recognized the prin-
ciple that the statute did not commence
running until the date prosecution became
possible, but you have chosen the wrong
date.
On V-E Day there was no German Govern-
ment to enforce its 1871 code. On V-E Day
the German state had collapsed. It was
weeks, and months, before the Allied Powers
were themselves able to restore a minimum
of the ordinary processes of government be-
yond mere police power and subsistence ra-
tions.
To contend that any sovereignty and com-
petence existed on V-E Day to ferret out all
Nazi criminals is simply absurd. In point
of fact, the Allies, preoccupied with the gath-
ering of evidence for the prosecution of Go-
ering, et al., at Nuremberg, had great diffi-
culty in the months that followed in obtain-
ing the evidence in those limited cases.
Nor did the Allies ever pretend to do the
complete task of bringing to justice all those
Nazis whose acts were clearly subject to the
1871 code as well as other laws.
From my own limited experience on the
staff of the international Military Tribunal,
I know where attention was rightly focused
and realizes the limits of the resources of
the occupying powers to bring all criminals
to justice.
I recognize that up to now you have chosen
to interpret the 1871 statute to mean that
the 20-year period runs from the date any
sovereignty, including the occupying powers,
had the competence to prosecute. However,
I submit that this is not the intention of the
statute.
If you chose to employ a German domestic
statute as the exclusive source of prosecu-
tion, consistency requires you read that
statute as referring to the German Govern-
Inent's possibility of commencing prosecu-
tion. Surely in 1871 the German legisla-
ture did not have in mind the circumstance
of prosecution of Germans by English or
Americans, and (1 year after the Franco-
Prussian War) certainly not by the French.
Thus the possibility of prosecution contem-
plated by the statute means possibility of
prosecution by German authority.
On May 8, 1945, German authority did not
exist. Nor did German authority and com-
petence to commence prosecutions come into
being for years.
There was no Ministry of Justice until 1949.
There was no limited sovereignty until 1951.
Not until that year did you have a Foreign
Minister communicating with other powers
in whose hands rested many records and wit-
nesses necessary for prosecution. Final Ger-
man sovereignty was not regained until the
Bonn Conventions came into effect on May 5,
1955.
During this entire period, the records
which a normal state accumulates and col-
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 1965
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -=- SENATE
Railroad and allow its commuters to ride
through to the Newark station of the Pennsy-
lvania Railroad. There they will be able to
make connection with Hudson tube trains
and the Jersey Central will discontinue its
expensive Bayonne ferry service.
Pennsylvania Railroad: The vast Penney
carries about 11,500 rush-hour commuters
approximately 106 commuter route miles
daily on a New Jersey shore line and main
and branch lines in a southwesterly part of
the New Jersey area of the region, about 106
,commuter route miles. That's just a drop in
the bucket of 200,000 passengers a day that
use its Pennsylvania Station in New York.
Penny reports its commuter operation runs
at a heavy deficit but has shown no sign of
trying to drop it.
Long Island Rail Road: The biggest rail
commuter operation to New York, with 85,000
rush-hour commuters, is, characteristically,
in the worst financial shape. Under a spe-
cial State law it has been a ward of the Long
Island Rail Road Redevelopment Corp. since
1904. Under the aegis of the act it has re-
ceived enough fare increases and other aid to
about break even on operating costs, without
paying anything on the Penny's long-stand-
ing $180 million interest on its 212.4 route
miles. A report was to be released today
from a committee appointed by Governor
Rockefeller to recommend what's to become
of the line when the redevelopment act runs
out next year. The LIRR disclosed recently
that It had ended 1964 with a $2,146,350 de-
ficit, the Worst In a decade. However, the
railroad said that it was more than covered
by *8,315,000 in additional revenue raised
through a 4.9 percent fare hike in Novem-
ber.
BANKERS ANNOUNCE FORMATION
OF COUNCIL- FOR LATIN AMER-
ICA
Mr. DAVITS, Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that there be printed
at this point in the RECORD a news re-
lease Issued by the Council for Latin
America and an article from the Feb-
rga,ry" 6 issue of the New York Times
concerning an announcement by Mr.
David Rockefeller, president of the Chase
Man1'iattan Bank, and George S. Moore,
president of the First National City
Bank,. of the merger of three U.S. busi-
ness organizations concerned with Latin
America into the new Council for Latin
America. 7411 now the three organiza-
tions have carried on separate activities.
The purpose of the new Council will be
.to coordinate and strengthen economic,
i'A, lllunity, and cultural relations with-
in the Western Hemisphere.
..The merger of these organizations Into
a single unit is laudable and should help
in -tile further strengthening of U.S.
business activity In the broader fields of
economic,' social, and community dev-
.ei,opment which'are so essential in creat-
ing a favorable atmosphere for the
growth of a viable private sector in Latin
America.
T}iere being no objection, the release
and the article from the New York Times
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as #oIIows:
U.S. AusINE58 OSGANIGATIONs FOR LATIN
AMLRfcA ANNOD'YIcE M~EyR.,GER AIMED AT IM-
PROVING HzsnsP13ERE RstATIONS
concerned with Latin American affairs to-
day announced a merger aimed at strength-
entng economic, community, and cultural
relations within the hemisphere.
The new organization will be known as the
Council for Latin America and will Include
in Its membership some 175 U.S. corporations.
Its chairman will be David Rockefeller, pres-
ident of the Chase Manhattan Bank.
The merged unit will be headquartered in
New York and will embrace the varied activi-
ties of these three groups:
1. The Business Group for Latin America
(BGLA), an organization of U.S. business ex-
ecutives which was formed last year under
the chairmanship of Mr. Rockefeller. It has
served in an informal advisory capacity to
Government officials and others concerned
with Latin America, and has maintained
close relations with Latin American business
leaders.
2. The United States Inter-American Coun-
cil (USIAC). a 22-year-old organization of
U.S. corporations with interests in Latin
America. USIAC is the North American sec-
tion of the Inter-American Council of Com-
merce and Production, known in Latin Amer-
ica by the initials of its Spanish name,
CICYP.. It is a hemisphere-wide confedera-
tion of business firms and business organiza-
tions with headquarters in Montevideo? Uru-
guay. George S. Moore, president of the First
National City Bank of New York, is president
of CICYP.
3. The Latin American Information Com-
mittee (LAIC), which engages in educational
and community activities in the Latin Amer-
lean countries.
The merger has been under discussion by
the three groups for several months. The
first formal step was taken at the annual
membership meeting of USIAC in December
when the merger Was voted and Mr. Rocke-
feller was elected chairman of USIAC, suc-
ceeding John D. J. Moore, vice president of
W. It. Grace & Co. The merger was ratified
by the Business Group for Latin America
and the Latin American Information Com-
mittee at special meetings held in New York
yesterday.
In announcing the establishment of the
new organization, Mr. Rockefeller said:
"The Council for Latin America is the
culmination of a long period of planning and
work by a number of outstanding persons.
'It is a clear Indication of the U.S. business
community's steadfast belief and stanch in-
terest in the future of Latin America. Over
the past few years, much has been accom-
plished through the private sector is deal-
ing with Latin America, but now the results
can he immeasurably enhanced.
"By welding together the principal private
organizations concerned solely with Latin
America, we have achieved for the first time
one center of management and program di-
rection, one center of fundraising and
budget allocation, and one center of consul-
tation with government and international
organizations.
"Not only does this consolidation have an.
important meaning for us in American busi-
ness but it carries equal significance for our
colleagues in Latin America and for those
in the U.S. administration who have long
sought a unified private group with which
to work. In the areas where the 'three or-
ganizations have been effective separately,
we can now speak with one voice and act
with et'en greater strength in support of the
economic and social objectives of the Alli-
ance for Progress."
John F. Gallagher, vice president of Sears,
Roebuck & Co., has been chosen as senior
vice chairman of the new Council for Latin
America. The following vice chairmen were
elected: H. W. Balgooyen, executive vice
president, American & Foreign Power Co.,
Inc.; William Barlow, president, Vision,
Inc.; Fred C. Foy, chairman, Koppers Co.,
Inc.; George S. Moore, president, First Na-
tional City Bank of New York; John D. J.
Moore, vice president, W. It. Grace & Co.;
3665
John It. White, director, Standard Oil C.
(N.J.); and William S: Youngman, Jr., chair-
man, American International Underwriters.
Corp.
The executive vice presidents are John T.
Smithies and Enno Robbing. Mr. Smithies
will, be in charge of administration and its
public relations activities. Mr. Robbing will
direct the council's educational and commu-
nity relations programs. Richard T. Turner
is executive director.
[From the New York Times, Feb. 6. 19651
BANKERS ANNoTJNCE THE MERGER of THaza
LATIN AMERICAN AID UNITS
Two leading New York bankers announced
here yesterday the formation of a group of
175 top U.S. corporations to coordinate and
strengthen economics, community and cul-
tural relations within the hemisphere.
David Rockefeller, president of Chase
Manhattan Bank, and George S. Moore, pres-
ident of the First National City Bank, told
a press conference that the growing interest
in the problems and opportunities in Latin
America had prompted the move.
The new unit will be known as the Council
for Latin America, and will have Mr. Rocke-
feller as its chairman and Mr. Moore as a
vice chairman. In effect, Mr. Moore and Mr.
Rockefeller said, the new organization,
which presently maintains offices at 201 Park
Avenue South, will be born of the merger of
three existing groups.
These are the Business Group for Latin
? America, an executive group formed last
year; the United States Inter-American
Council, a 22-year-old business group, and
the Latin American Information Committee.
"I'm convinced that the business-commu-
nity in Latin America is waking up to the
fact that it has social and economic respon-
sibilities beyond its own businesses," Mr.
Rockefeller said.
Sitting beside him at Chase Manhattan's
headquarters, Mr. Moore observed: "There
has been real growth in most Latin Ameri-
can lands last year ' * * even Brazil, with
a rate of inflation of nearly 100 percent, had
a net growth of 1 percent."
Mr. Rockefeller, who recently returned
from a visit to Peru, Colombia, and Chile,
said: "It was my first visit to these countries
in 7 years. Not only did I find progress, but
also nothing but friendliness toward North
Americans
CHILEAN GAINS NOTED
He was encouraged by the trends in Chile.
"After meeting with President Eduardo Frei
Montalva, I am confident that his copper
program will succeed once the congressional
elections are out of the way in March," he
said. "Mr. Frei also expects to cut the rate of
inflation in Chile over a 6-year period."
Mr. Moore noted that inflation there was
at the rate of 30 percent last year.
Besides Mr. Rockefeller as chairman and
Forrest D. Murden, as his special assistant,
John F. Gallagher, vice president of Sears,
Roebuck & Co., was chosen as senior vice
chairman of the new council.
OTHER OFFICERS
Other vice chairmen elected were H. W.
Balgooyen, executive vice president of the
American & Foreign Power Co., Inc.; Wil-
liam Barlow, president of Vision, Inc.; Fred
C. Foy, chairman of the Koppers Co., Inc.;
John D. J. Moore, vice president of W. R.
Grace & Co.; John B. White, director, the
Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey); and William
S. Youngman, Jr., chairman of American
International Underwriters Corp.
Mr. Rockefeller went on to say he had the
impression that Chile may eventually sell its
proposed stake in the copper industry to the.
private sector over a period of time.
During the hour-long informal session,
Chase Manhattan's president said inflation
was an important problem in most Latin
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE 3667
lates were understandably in a state of dis-
array. These records are the requisite of
effective prosecutions. Even now many of
these essential records are in the hands of
other nations, a principal one of which (the
U.S.S.R.) has been most uncooperative with
your efforts to bring these criminals to jus-
tice.
It was not until 1958 that the Ministers of
Justice of the various Laender agreed to cre-
ate a central office for the coordination of
information and investigation of Nazi crimes
at Ludwigsburg. As late as December 1964
it was announced that the Ludwigsburg staff
would have to be increased to aid this work.
Thus it is clear that until fairly recent times,
prosecution has not been completely possible.
In this connection we must remember that
the 1871 statute means not that prosecutions
in general became possible, but that a pro-
secution of an individual is possible. I hap-
pen to believe that if this had been so in any
particular case, you would have prosecuted.
It follows, therefore, that the failure to pro-
secute a Nazi criminal means that due to the
disorganization of the state for a long period
it was impossible to have commenced such.
I therefore conclude that applying your
own domestic law, the statute of limitations
should run for 20 years from the date pro-
secution became in fact possible.
The fact that I have asserted here have
been recognized by no less an authority than
the German Ambassador to the United States.
In "News From the German Embassy," vol.
IX, No. 1, dated January 5, 1965, Ambassador
Heinrich Knappstein stated:
"As I know from my own activity in the
denazifiication process, German courts dur-
ing the early postwar years were not able-
or. only to a very limited degree-to try Nazi
criminals, because the Allies reserved these
cases almost entirely for themselves. Only
with the establishment of the Federal Re-
public and the conclusion of the Bonn Con-
ventions of 1954 was German judicature able
to take on fully the prosecution of Nazi
criminals. This was particularly difficult in
the beginning as the most important docu-
ments were still in Allied hands, and because
it was especially difficult, during those first
tubulent years, to reach surviving witnesses
who were essential for such trials."
In the same publication, vol. VIII, No. 8,
dated May 28, 1964, the Embassy published
an interview with a senior prosecuting attor-
ney, stating the following:
"Question. How is it that the Auschwitz
and similar legal proceedings were started so
late?
would be an appropriate date. This would
extend prosecutions until 1975.
I recognize that your Ministry has been
requested "to report to the Bundestag not
later than March 1, 1965, whether in all perti-
nent murder cases investigations have been
conducted and whether action has been
taken to insure interruption of the statute
of limitations."
I gathered from my conversations in Bonn
that should your reply to the above question
be in the negative, there would be a strong
disposition in many German quarters, and
perhaps in your Government to extend by
direct legislation the statute of limitations
if (to use the words of the Bundestag resolu-
tion of December 9, 1964) "the criminal
prosecution of such murders cannot be in-
sured in any other way."
While many have argued that "ultimate
justice" demands that such crimes should
be punished even if special and exceptional
domestic legislation is required, you have
personally been understood to reject this
view on the ground that the desired end does
not justify such means.
However, may I submit, that the decision
to ask for such legislation cannot on your
stated principles, rest on any estimate as to
the number of criminals who will escape trial
and justice if the time for prosecution ex-
pires on May 8, 1965. Therefore, I believe it
is preferable not to wait until such a survey
and estimate is made before announcing
clearly and firmly that the time does not
expire on May 8, 1965. An announcement to
that effect predicated on the terms of the
code of 1871, with a realistic finding of the
date on which prosecution became possible,
would do justice to society and honor to the
rule of law.
HIGH-PROTEIN FLOUR
Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, I
would like to invite the Members of the
U.S. Senate, their staffs, and the Kansas
congressional delegation to be my guests
on Tuesday, March 2, from 8 a.m. to
10 a.m., in the visitors' cafeteria, New
Senate Office Building, to taste the
world's finest protein flour pancakes
that will be served with a variety of
sauces. All members of the press are
also invited to attend the breakfast in
honor of the 15th annual International
Pancake Day Race.
The breakfast will be sponsored by the
Liberal Junior Chamber of Commerce,
Liberal, Kans.
This day is set aside in Kansas as
Liberal's International Pancake Day,
the day before the beginning of Lent,
Shrove Tuesday. On this day the ladies
ADDRESS BY MRS. LYNDON B. JOHN-
SON AT VISTA GRADUATION
CEREMONY
Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, Mrs.
Lyndon B. Johnson our gracious First
Lady, who has always taken such a deep
and abiding interest in the problems of
our country, and particularly in the needs
of our less fortunate citizens, made an
excellent address on Friday, February 26,
1965, on the occasion of the VISTA grad-
uation ceremonies in St. Petersburg, Fla.
I ask unanimous consent that the re-
marks by Mrs. Johnson on this forward-
looking and progressive program, which
gives and will continue to give many of
our concerned citizens opportunities for
the discipline of service to others, be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REMARKS SY MRS. LYNDON B. JOHNSON, VISTA
GRADUATION, ST. PETERSBURG, FLA.
I am delighted to be in St. Petersburg to-
day to join in a program which is surely
an exciting landmark in the history of our
Nation.
One of the most interesting things about
the program to me is the name itself-Vol-
unteers in Service to America-VISTA which
nays in one word what the program is.
. You know, at our particular point of his-
tory, as we look back, this is a natural follow-
up to successive periods when our country
confronted great human problems. In the
early and middle 19th century we proved that,
whatever diversities existed among us, we
could function as one Nation. In the later
19th century, we forged ahead an economic
system strong and flexible enough to sup-
port an ever-rising standard of living. In
the 20th century we recognized that we are,
ineluctably, part of a complex and churning
world, and swung our energies toward making
that role a force for freedom.
Now we are boldly taking hold of an aspira-
tion which men have known as long as there
have been human beings-the eradication of
the bleak winter of poverty from the climate
of a whole society.
Of all the economic opportunity programs
being launched, none better expresses the
spirit of the entire war against poverty than
the VISTA operation.
I am pleased to meet you VISTA graduates
in person and to see you at work-as I will
later in the day. You have already made your
mark here in St. Petersburg. The petition
"Answer. Th&re are many reasons for this.
It has only been since 1956 that the Federal
Republic of Germany has enjoyed full sov-
ereignty in this as well as other areas. Be-
yond this the Allies conducted the Nurem-
berg trials from 1945 to 1948, and in conclud-
ing them in 1948 did not call the attention
of German judicial authorities to the docu-
ments that remained and that despite Allied
efforts all perpetrators of crimes had not been
brought to justice. The documents neces-
sary to prosecute such criminal actions
were scattered throughout archives around
the world. It took time to find out where
they were and to get possession of these docu-
ments. There is a substantial body of docu-
ments in the East bloc states which remain
inaccessible to use even today."
You have been candid enough to agree with
me that some date after May 8, 1945, could
reasonably be selected as a beginning point
without violating your constitution or the
rule of law as you see it. I very much hope
you will now search for, select, adopt, and
announce a date consistent with the facts
and fair to society, both German and interna-
tional, which suffered so much from the
Nazi horrors.
I believe the date 1955-the date when
complete German sovereignty was regained-
of the people of Ridgecrest and Old Baskin's
Crossing asking for you to stay is evidence
of your success.
That-in this brief time-must be a spe-
cial source of satisfaction. You men and
of Liberal, Kans., run an annual iuui,- women of all ages, from all parts of the
race with the ladies of Olney, England, country, from a variety of occupations, have
each runner holding a skillet in which chosen to interrupt your careers and sacri-
she must flip a pancake three times fice economics gain or give up the well-
while covering the course. The wives of earned leisure of later years in order to help
Olney have been pancake racing since others.
the year 1445. Liberal challenged the American is many things. But above all-
more than any nation in the history of man-
women of Olney in 1950 and the vicar ever since the first frontiersman picked up
of Olney, Rev. R. C. Collins, accepted. his musket to help protect a neighbor-we
On Shrove Tuesday, in England, it have been a nation of volunteers. We have
was customary for the housewives to been a land in which the individual says-
stop their work and run to the church "My neighbor needs me. I will do some-
to be "shriven" of their sins when the thing."
church bells tolled. In 1445, a housewife You are graduating today into a stirring
heard the bells ring, but was caught in tradition. You are making glow again the
word of that most American of poets, Walt
the middle of baking pancakes. She Whitman, who wrote for us: "Behold, I do not
raced to the church carrying her griddle give lectures or a little charity when I give
and pancakes with her. This was the myself."
beginning of the annual sporting event. And I cannot think of a more appropriate
Be sure to join me for the world's fin- place for this first VISTA graduation than
est pancakes. here in the prosperous city of St. Petersburg.
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 Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400170029-9 "Ir
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE March 1
The poor are not an island. Their needs abundant fields of grain, not even by space Mr. U TLant obviously has forgotten
toll out to the whole community. ships aloft, but by the national
he very fact that a man is vision which the existence of the Geneva pact; If he
poor means calls upon us to use our resources so that remembers it and fails to give recognition
that he needs the help of others-that he every American can walk with head high in
probably lacks the education and often the the tonic air of self-respect. to its provisions, he clearly reflects an
hopefulness to lift himself unaided. Chang- To all of you VISTA graduates, pioneers in unwarranted and unpardonable disre-
ing his lot is a decidedly practical matter for a long and proud line to come, may I express gard for the sanctity of compacts entered
everyone. Millions of the impoverished place my congratulations, my wannest best wishes, into by different nations of the world.
a heavy drag on the whole society, cutting and- -let me add-more than a bit of envy. The North Vietnamese Communists
down the ability to purchase what we pro-
duoe, diminishing tax revenues-easy prey to - are violation also note 19 of the r eating
Ling
delinquency and crime. BISHOP GEORGE THEODORE accord, but also e the t iLa creating
' ''he intense interest of thriving St. Peters- a coalition government in Laos. The
BOILEAU
burg in the VISTA program is a heartening borders of both these nations have been
symbol of what is happening across the Na- Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, sad methodically and systematically violated
lion, where all of us are realizing that all news from Alaska reached me over the by the Communists. Yet, Mr. U Thant
the poor are the res onsibilit of all Am i
3668
I am struck, toop by the way the VISTA weekend when I learned that one of the sees fit to disregard these hostile bel-
progtam has been working out in this com- great citizens of my State, the Most ligerent violations of nations' rights,
munity. too often well-meaning people have
approached a social problem with the as-
sumption-let Washington draw up the per-
feet blueprint, complete down to the last
comma..
But if the American experience has taught
11s any one fundamental lesson, it is this:
There Is no such thing as instant utopia-
especially when the better world is conceived
Miles away from where it must take practical
form.
Eere hi the St. Petersburg area, for some 7
years-long before we in Washington talked
about a war on poverty-you have been at
Work to broaden economic opportunity.
Your many progressive educational institu-
tigns have been deeply involved. At Ridge-
crest you have created a laboratory for
healthy social change. You have proceeded
on the only sensible assumption--that the
national war against poverty must be fought
In a thousand local battles-in the slums of
individual cities, on wornout, farms, in the
-hollows of Appalachia, in isolated Indian
reservations-wherever human beings stand
With their noses pressed against the windows
of our general affluence.
The result of your local progress Is that
VISTA has been able to function here as It
should function everywhere in America. It
has learned as much as it has taught. Its
tole has been not to bring full-blown answers
but to join with others, tentatively, quest-
ingly, on the road to a workable solution.
So we begin here, begin superbly, I believe,
With this VISTA graduating class. I am
proud to have been asked to,give out your
diplomas. I am privileged to share the rush
of feelings that must be going through you.
Much has been said, about the difficulties
you will , encounter. But you and I know
that you also have before you the richest
e perience of your lives. To be at the _fore-
tront of a great national effort is.an oppor-
tunity which comes to, few in, a generation,
5 4 the personal satisfaction it brings is
deep and, lasting.
For many of you this experience will be
transforming. You will be confirming, in
the most personal way, the wondrous truth
Which too often is a mere phrase.. You will
know, as nothing else could make you know,
that we are all of us brothers, every one of
us to every one of us.
You and the thousands who will follow
you will have another privilege. In some
countries, and in our Qwn too, voices have
William S. White, under the title: "Ne_ taat only Thant and the Communists can
marked by amoral deadening and the frenet- understand: If Communist forces invade or
is pursuit of push-button luxuries, a split- gotiation?-U Thant's View on Viet- infiltrate a country, the resulting fighting is
level, and a sports car. By what you are nam." only "local" and nobody Is intruding any-
doing, you make those voices just so many In the article Mr. White points out where. If anti-Communist forces respond to
hollow noises.. very clearly and an inde en p
You are reliving the fundamentals on Mr. n pointedly the error g against p marauders, erscountry's appeal for help
which the Nation was founded and by which U Thant's judgment in condemning , then this is not only in-
which {-he TT,.;+..4 c+..+..., olo.....,i+..........,.,,...a..,...,_ .~.__
adjutor bishop of Alaska, died suddenly
of a heart attack. -
Bishop Boileau-and I have always,
since his consecration last July, had dif-
ficulty in not referring to him as Father
Boileau, because of his long service in the
Jesuit order as parish priest at Fair-
banks, Alaska-was not only one of the
best known, but also one of the best
loved, members of the Catholic clergy in
Alaska.
I had known this wonderful man since
he first came to Alaska, in 1950, to serve
as assistant pastor at the Immaculate
Conception Church In Fairbanks. After
his outstanding service as pastor, he was
appointed superintendent of all Catholic
schools in the diocese of Alaska, In 1958.
Mr. President, Bishop Boileau com-
bined admirably activities as a man of
God and those of a man deeply immersed
in civic responsibilities with his fellow-
men. He served as chairman of the Em-
ployment Security Commission of the
Territory of Alaska, before statehood.
He was active as a Boy Scout official
throughout his career In Alaska.
Last September, Bishop Boileau trav-
eled to Rome, to participate in the Ecu-
menical Council of the Roman Catholic
Church. In assuming the office of coad-
jutor bishop, in ceremonies presided over
by Francis Cardinal Spellman. at the Cop-
per Valley School, near Glennallen,
Alaska, last July, Bishop Boileau an-
nounced humbly that he planned to
travel to the Jesuit schools, churches, and
missions in the far-flung Alaska diocese
In the same way he did as a priest "by
dog team, plane, and sno-go."
I know I speak for all of Alaska in
saluting the service of this dedicated
man to the people of my State. His un-
timely death at the age of 52 Is a sad
'blow to us all. May his great soul rest
In peace.
U THAN'T'S VIEW ON VIETNAM
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, in the
February 26th issue of the Washington
and goes out of his way to condemn the
United States, whose objective in South
Vietnam has been, and is, to protect the
people of that nation against the wrongs
thta have been perpetrated upon them
by their neighbor-the Communists of
North. Vietnam.
I ask unanimous consent that the ar-
ticle by Mr. White be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
NEGOTIATION; U THANT'S VIEW ON VIETNAM
(By William S. White)
With a rarely matched twisting of the
truth, but at least with a certain insolent
candor, Secretary General U Thant of the
United Nations has now openly become an
apologist and propagandist for Communist
aggression in southeast Asia.
U Thant has now trumpeted as revealed
truth, and without hesitation or qualifica-
tion, the whole basic Communist line that
the war in South Vietnam was only a little
homegrown contest involving two sets of
local boys until dreadful old Uncle Sam in-
tervened to assist the anti-Communist gov-
ernment of that country. He has called
upon us to negotiate and to withdraw our-
selves as soon as possible.
In the process, he has rewritten 1D years of
history, annulling 10 years in which the
Communist government of North Vietnam
has undeniably and consistently directed and
supplied and commanded a tireless and sav-
age invasion of South Vietnam in endless
violation of agreements made in 1954 at just
such negotiations as are now being so pressed
upon us.
Thus, with U Thant's now unhidden re-
cruitment to them, those forces seeking to
blackmail or persuade the United States into
abandoning its commitments in South Viet-
nam and to cut and run are at last complete.
And what a pretty company they make for
any American to travel with.
Thant, the Soviet Union, and Charles de
Gaulle of France-this is the splendid trinity
that, whatever the intention in individual
cases, is taking actions to remove the Amer-
ican presence in Asia, to sully an American
effort against pillage and murder of signal
honor and decency, and to open all southeast
Asia to the faceless hordes of Communist
China.
-- _ senators that has been crying for weeks for
-apii+it which sweeps beyond mere laws; that by the North Vietnamese Communists "negotiation"-even though it is perfectly
the United States is blessed not so much by against the South Vietnamese people and plain that negotiation at this stage would be
its roaring furnaces, not so much by Its Government. outright surrender to aggression-may find
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