THE 'CREDIBILITY GAP' WIDENS IN OUR WAR IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400100020-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: August 3, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

17258
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 3, 1966
"Whereas numerous bread price increases
are being attributed entirely to higher farm
prices for wheat, and
"Whereas some newspaper accounts indi-
cate retail price increases of as much as 5
times price increases to farmers have been
attributed entirely to the increase in farm
return; Now, therefore, be it
"Resolved, That the Secretary of Agricul-
ture is requested to make a survey through
the field offices of his Department of the
amount of retail milk price increases since
April 1 In towns and cities of the Nation,
their relationship to increases in farm price
support in each instance, and the extent to
which the public was clearly advised, or mis-
informed, as to the reason for such in cease;
and that the Secretary similarly surve bread
price increases and their relatio ip farm
returns for wheat, reportin~to rY mmit-
Equally unfounded is the subsequently
dredged up assertion that the SEATO
Treaty, in article 4, justifies our military
intervention. That likewise is a decep-
tion. This article of the SEATO Treaty
makes clear that in the case of aggres-
sion all the parties to the treaty shall
consult and come to a conclusion by
unanimous agreement. There never
was any consultation, and, of course,
there was, and could be, no unanimous
agreement because at least two of the
signers of the SEATO Treaty-France
and Pakistan-are completely out of
sympathy with our attitude and actions
in southeast Asia.
The stark and unpalatable fact, which
the official propaganda has never been
willing to face, is that we went half way
THE "CREDIBILITY GAP" WIDENS IN
OUR WAR IN VIETNAM
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Alaska is recognized.
Mr., GRUENING. Mr. President, it
should not be news to my colleagues in
the Senate and the House that the Amer-
ican people are not getting the facts
about what is going on in Vietnam. In-
deed, they have never gotten the truth,
the whole truth, and nothing but the
truth about our involvement in southeast
Asia. -
Actually, the whole basis alleged for
our military intervention is false. It is
not true, as the official pronouncements
have stated again and again, that we
were invited in by a friendly government
to help it repel aggression. The official
record, found in the State Department's
publication: "Why Vietnam," Issued
August 20, 1965, with the foreword by
President Lyndon B. Johnson, is bare of
any such commitment. It is not found
in the crucial letter of President Eisen-
hower to President Diem of October 1,
1954, in which President Eisenhower
proffered aid but coupled his offer with
conditions of reform and good perform-
ance which were never carried out. The
only request for aid by Diem had been one
to assist in the transportation of several
hundred thousand North Vietnamese to
South Vietnam.
The lack of such a request by Diem-.
to help repel aggression-and the evi-
dence that it was we, the United States,
who asked ourselves in, is further con-
firmed in the White House statement of
November 3, 1954, which states that
President Eisenhower had instructed
Gen. J. Lawton Collins, as his special
representative, to explore with President
Diem and his government how to help
them with their critical problems and to
supplement measures adopted by the
Vietnamese themselves. The initiative
for intervention came from the United
States. At no time under President
Eisenhower and President Kennedy, and
not until after the inception of the John-
son administration, were any U.S. troops
sent Into combat. Previous to 1964, they
had only been military advisers. There-
fore, the official allegations repeatedly
made that three Presidents have made
this commitment, and that it has thereby
become a national pledge, are without
foundation. The fact is, we asked our-
selves in and, by our subsequent actions,
we have become the aggressors.
around the world to inject ourselves into
a civil war and, in doing so, violated
every pertinent treaty commitment-the
United Nations Charter, the SEATO
Treaty-which, in article 1, refers to
the United Nations requirement not to
resort to force but only to peaceful
means, as further enumerated in arti-
cle 33-and we likewise violated the
unilateral commitment made for the
United States by Under Secretary of
State Walter Bedell Smith that we would
respect the Geneva agreements and its
pledge of all-Vietnam elections. All
these we violated, and treaties, under
our Constitution, are of the highest class
of commitments.
We might add that there was a further
commitment which the American people
understood, or thought they understood,
that President Johnson made in his cam-
paign not to follow the Goldwater poli-
cies, but to find a peaceable solution to
our presence in Vietnam, which, at the
time of his campaign, had not escalated
into sending our troops into combat.
President Johnson, in the course of his
campaign, said:
There are those who say I ought to go
North and drop bombs to wipe out the sup-
ply lines.... But we don't want to get tied
down in a land war in Asia.
States' news policies in Saigon. They
are Dean Brelis, of the National Broad-
casting Co.; Malcolm Browne, formerly
of the Associated Press and a Pulitzer
Prize winner, who has been in Vietnam
for, years; Charles Mohr, of the New
York Times, likewise there for consider-
able time; and Jack Foisie, a star corre-
spondent for the Los Angeles Times, also
an old Asia hand.
In an article published in the New
York Times under a three-column head-
line reading: "Four Reporters Assail
U.S. News Policies in Saigon," Mr.
Browne points out that the Pentagon's
news policies prevent reporters from
getting first-hand information about
military activity in Laos and Thailand.
"As far as the command is concerned
publicly," Mr. Browne averred, "Laos
doesn't exist. Neither does Thailand."
Surely, the American people are entitled
to know of our steady widening of the
war and that American troops are op-
erating outside of South and North Viet-
nam in both of these other countries.
Mr. Browne also referred to Arthur
Sylvester, Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Public Affairs, as "one of the great
practitioners of the 'art' of news man-
agement."
I ask unanimous consent that the news
article from the New York Times of Au-
gust 2, 1966, headed: "Four Reporters
Assail U.S. News Policies in Saigon," be
printed at the conclusion of my remarks.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. GRUENING. A more detailed
commentary on Assistant Secretary Syl-
vester and his performance is published
in the August issue of the Progressive
magazine, published at Madison, Wis.
In it is an account about Mr. Sylvester
which appeared in Dateline 1966, a pub-
lication of the Overseas Press Club,
which revealed that Sylvester made no
secret of the fact that he expected Amer-
ican newsmen to disseminate only infor-
mation "that made the United States
And President Johnson also said: look good." -
We are not about to send American boys At this point, a network television cor-
nine or ten thousand miles away from home respondent said:
to do what Asian boys should be doing for Surely, Arthur, you don't expect the Ameri-
themselves. can press to be the handmaidens of govern-
When he made these statements in the ment?
fall of 1964, he did make a commitment Sylvester, he recalled, replied:
to the American people. That's exactly what I expect.
That commitment has been totally
breached. We are going further and fur- That is what an official in a totali-
ther north. We are getting bogged down tarian country would and could expect.
in a land war. And we are sending more It is shocking to hear that from an
and more American boys 9,000 or 10,000 American official.
miles away from home. Considering the widening "credibility
No wonder there is a "credibility gap." gap," which is a euphemism for what
It is ever widening. actually goes on-namely, that the
The allegation that we are fighting American people are being misled by
aggression and that North Vietnam- their government officials-when this
Hanoi-is the aggressor, is also a distor- matter was brought up, Sylvester replied:
tion of the truth. There has been infil- Look, if you think any American official
tration from the North, but it followed is going to tell you the truth, then you're
U.S. violation of our agreements and was stupid. Did you hear that-stupid?
far less in quantity than ours. Moreover, There is much else in this revealing
we are expected to be the law-abiding, resume as to the lack of concern on the
treaty-respecting nation. part of some Pentagon officials, and espe-
So much for the past, with its awe- cially Assistant Secretary Sylvester,
some present and future consequences. about getting the truth to the American
We now find four veteran reporters, people; and I ask unanimous consent
newspaper men of integrity and repute, that this article, entitled "The 'Bull Ses-
now in Vietnam, assailing the United sion,' " from the August issue of the Pro-
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August 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
position at that time to make any con-
tract concessions.
Mr. NELSON. I do not interpret the
question or the answer in that way. As
I am sure the Senator will agree in retro-
spect, Mr. Siemiller was giving an honest
and accurate answer. Because the fact
of the matter is that the contract was re-
jected by a large margin.
I think his guess is correct, that they
would not go back to work without the
contract settled, because of course they
would lose their bargaining position,
then, to go back and bargain while work-
ing, and then go out on another
strike
Mr. PROUTY. They would not lose
their bargaining position, because they
would retain the right to strike again at
any time, a right which they shall lose
by our passing a resolution regardless of
Its final form. -
Mr. NELSON. Yes, but to have two
strikes in a row is something I do not be-
lieve that the union membership or
leaders would want to get engaged in.
But my point here is, I think there may
well be a time when Congress should act.
But as of last Wednesday-and the dis-
tinguished Senator from Vermont was
on the committee, and made a fine con-
tribution to the discussion and the ques-
tioning at all stages-I think the Senator
will agree we thought there was hardly
any chance; and when I was urging that
we wait until Friday for a reply from the
Secretary, many people there thought
the chances were almost nil, and that
perhaps we ought to send out a bill im-
mediately. I, too, felt they were almost
nil; but bam, on Friday they reached an
agreement.
I say that as of this moment, today,
there is a better chance of their getting
back together and negotiating the rela-
tively small points which I think now
separate the membership's willingness to
accept and the employers' position; and
if in fact they could in the next 3, 4, or 5
days reach an agreement that was rea-
sonable and not too costly, one that could
be met, I think that would be a much
better solution, to delay action for these
4 or 5 days, than for Congress to move
in, for the first time in 40 years, in this
kind of a situation.
Mr. PROUTY. If we had any assur-
ance that would take place, I am sure
we would all agree. However, I cannot
see it in the same light as the Senator,
particularly in view of the Secretary of
Labor's testimony on Monday to the ef-
:Pect that he did not anticipate a volun-
tary settlement in the immediate future.
Mr. NELSON. As the Senator knows,
the Secretary of Labor could give us no
assurance on last Wednesday, and yet
dramatically they reached an agreement.
l:f they can do it once, they can do it
again.
Mr. PROUTY. Last Wednesday, the
Secretary asked us to delay reporting-a
bill in order to permit certain avenues to
me. I believe the union's national nego-
tiating committee was under extreme
governmental pressure to settle, and that
it was also under pressure to reach an
agreement from a public relations stand-
point.
However, when the officers and leaders
of most of the IAM locals involved
recommended to their respective mem-
berships that the contract terms be re-
jected, I do not thinl: that many of us
were surprised at the outcome of the
vote. This might be a case where the
union's national leaders acted responsi-
bly, but one where the leaders of the
various local unions did not. I think the
ratification vote might have shown quite
a different result if the local leaders had
urged approval of the new contract.
I thank the Senator.
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I yield
the floor.
INVESTIGATION OF PRICE IN-
CREASES ON MILK, BREAD, AND
OTHER COMMODITIES
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I am
happy to announce to the Senate that the
Committee on Agriculture and Forestry
this morning unanimously approved a
resolution which I presented to the com-
mittee.
This resolution would direct the Secre-
tary of Agriculture to undertake an im-
mediate investigation and survey of price
increases for milk, bread, and other com-
modities.
The purpose of the Investigation is to
provide the committee and the Congress
and the American people with Informa-
tion that will give us an understanding of
what is behind sharp food price increases,
particularly the price increases for bread
and milk, that have taken place in recent
days.
There has been an unfortunate effort
on the part of some Industry spokesmen
to attribute increases of as much as_ 3
cents a quart In the price of milk en-
tirely to the milk producers, because of
modest increases in farm price supports
on April 1, and again on July 1.
There has also been an implication
that increases of as much as 2 cents a
loaf in the price of bread can be ex-
plained, entirely by modest advances in
wheat prices.
I think that Investigation will demon-
strate very quickly that the farmer's re-
turn represents a very small part of the
increase in milk and bread prices.
The purpose of the investigation which
our committee has instructed the Secre-
tary to undertake immediately is not to
make anyone a scapegoat, but simply to
demonstrate the facts, and to show that
when there is an increase of 2 cents on
a loaf of bread or 3 cents on a quart of
milk-as we have had in a number of
market areas around the country-many
factors go into such an increase other
than the amount the farmer receiv
es
.
be explored. Day before yesterday, how- The farmers' share Is actually a minor
ever, he testified that these avenues had part; of the total.
been exhausted and that he was no longer The Metropolitan Milk Institute of
hopeful of an early settlement. The New York wired me this morning that
agreement reached Friday also troubles the figures on milk price increases in a
rae, or rather, the failure of the union New York Times story of last Friday
membership to ratify its terms troubles were in error. It may very well be that
17257
there is some error or conflict in various
statistics that have been cited. If this
is true, then it further points up the need
for a reliable and fully publicized investi-
gation, and statement of the true facts
by the Department of Agriculture.
When the investigation is completed-
and I hope that it will begin immediately
and be completed within the next 2 or
3 weeks-the Secretary will then re-
port his information to our committee.
At that time, if hearings seem to be in
order, I hope our committee will take
that into consideration.
I do think that this investigation is in
the interest of not only farm producers,
but also consumers. Consumers have a
right to know the facts and to under-
stand what is behind these very marked
increases in food prices which have oc-
curred during the last few weeks. I
know that farmers are not to blame and
I am determined that this be demon-
strated to the American people.
I ask unanimous consent that a copy
of my resolution as unanimously ap-
proved by the committee this morning be
printed at this point in the RECORD along
with a press statement which I released
this noon.
There being no objection, the state-
ment and release were ordered to be
printed In the RECORD, as follows:
SENATE AGRICULTURE CoMaerrrEE APPROVES
MCGOVERN FOOD PRICE RESOLUTION
The Senate Agriculture Committee today
unanimously approved a resolution proposed
by Senator GEORGE McGovERN directing the
Department of Agriculture to survey and re-
port to the Committee on the extent to
which farmers are being improperly blamed
for milk, bread and other food price increases.
The resolution directs the Department to
make a survey, community-by-community, of
the amount of farm price increases, the
amountof consumer price increases, and the
extent to which increases in excess of the
farm return were blamed on increased farm
prices.
In presenting the resolution, McGovERN
read newspaper articles which he said falsely
blamed farmers for milk price increases that
were actually double and triple what the
farmers get. "Bread prices have been raised
in many places several times more than is
justified by increases in wheat prices," he
said.
"The investigation I have requested as ap-
proved by the Committee is not an effort to
make a scapegoat of anyone," Senator Mc-
GovERN said.
"It is an effort to be sure that consumers
clearly understand that farm prices are only
a minor factor in most of the current round
of food price increases."
The resolution, which will go directly from
the Committee to Secretary of Agriculture
Freeman, asks him to report back to the
Committee on the price increases as early
as possible. The Committee will then con-
sider the need for hearings.
The Committee agreed to amend the reso-
lution to cover several food commodities,
including butter, cheese and eggs, and in-
creases in meat costs resulting from specifi-
cation buying.
The resolution approved by the Committee,
as originally submitted by Senator McGov-
ERN, follOWS:
"RESOLUTION
"Whereas members of the Senate Agricul-
ture Committee are receiving protests against
milk price support increases indicating pub-
lic misunderstanding of the extent of April
1 and July 1 rises in supports to farmers, and,
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August 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
gressive, be printed also at the conclusion
of my remarks.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 2.)
ExniBrr 1
FOUR REPORTERS ASSAIL U.S. NEWS POLICIES
IN SAIGON-ON TV, `THEY SAY BRIEFINGS BY
MILITARY ARE OFTEN LATE, INACCURATE, AND
COLORLESS
Defense Department information policies
and press briefings in Vietnam were sharply
criticized by four American correspondents
there in a television program last night.
The correspondents, whose remarks were
taped in Saigon, said briefings by United
States military spokesmen were often color-
less, late and inaccurate. The daily brief-
ings are called "The 5 o'clock follies" by
many correspondents, Dean Brelis of the
National Broadcasting Company said.
Malcolm Browne, a former Associated
Press reporter and a Pulitzer Prize-winner
now doing free lance work in Vietnam, said
on the National Educational Television pro-
gram on WNDT that the briefing officers often
lie.
Charles Mohr, a New York Times corre-
spondent, said the information officers In
Saigon were "more Interested in policy than
facts" and in "the effect of a story-rather
than its accuracy."
A SANITARY WAR
He said the Administration was reluctant
for correspondents to write about napalm
or antipersonnel bombs. "They want to
make it a sanitary war," he said.
Mr. Browne criticized the Pentagon's news
policies, which, he said prevented reporters
from getting first-hand information about
American military activity in Laos and Thai-
land. "As far as the command is concerned
publicly," said the writer, "Laos doesn't
exist. Neither does Thailand."
He said Arthur Sylvester, Assistant Sec-
retary of Defense for Public Affairs, was "one
of the great practitioners" of the "art" of
news management.
He said the Administration, and "parti-
cularly Secretary [of Defense Robert S:] Mc-
Namara, have deliberately misled American
public opinion." An example of this, he
said, is "the continual harping on the North
Vietnamese aggression." Mr. Browne said
the war in Vietnam was basically a civil war.
The three other correspondents agreed.
Jack Folsie, a reporter for The Los An-
geles Times, said he would prefer "formal
censorship" to news management "that
squashes information at the roots."
There was sympathy for the briefing of-
ficers, though, Mr. Mohr said they often "give
a distorted picture, not out of either bad
motive or viciousness, but simply because
they themselves don't have a clear idea of
what happened."
The correspondents agreed with a state-
ieh.t by Mr. Brelis that no one could cover
the war adequately from Saigon. "You've
got to go out there," he said.
EXHIBIT 2
THE "BULL SESSION"
As Assistant Secretary for Public Defense,
Arthur Sylvester, a former newspaperman, is
charged with the top responsibility for the
official release of war news from Vietnam.
This most sensitive task demands, among
other qualities, an appreciation of the peo-
ple's right to know a great deal more than
they now do about the war they are paying
for with their taxes and the lives of their
sons.
If an account written by Morley Safer, a
respected Columbia Broadcasting System
newsman in Vietnam, is essentially correct-
Sylvester has attacked it without effectively
refuting it-then the Assistant Secretary
holds views on the handling of war news
that should horrify the press and public, and
justify his removal by President Johnson.
Safer's account, which appeared in Date-
line 1966, a publication of the Overseas Press
Club, revealed that in July, 1965, a meeting
was held in Saigon between Sylvester and a
group of American newsmen to discuss some
of the problems involved in covering the war.
Sylvester, wrote Safer afterwards, "seemed
anxious to take a stand to say something
that would jar us. He did."
The first jolt, as Safer told the story, came
when Sylvester said, "I can't understand how
you fellows can write what you do while
American boys are dying out here." Then
he went on, as Safer described it, "to the
effect that American correspondents had a
patriotic duty to disseminate only informa-
tion that made the United States look good."
A network television correspondent said,
"Surely, Arthur, you don't expect the Ameri-
can press to be the handmaidens of govern-
ment?" Sylvester, Safer recalled, replied,
"That's exactly what I expect."
When the problems of the credibility of
American officials was brought up, Sylvester
responded: "Look, If you think any American
official is going to tell you the truth, then
you're stupid. Did you hear that stupid?"
One of the newsmen suggested that Syl-
vester "was being deliberately provocative."
The Assistant Secretary, according to Safer,
replied: "Look, I don't even have to talk to
you people. I know how to deal with you
through your editors and publishers back in
the States."
Safer's account of what immediately fol-
lowed this threat is astounding: "At this
point, the Hon. Arthur Sylvester put his
thumbs in his ears, bulged his eyes, stuck
out his tongue, and wiggled his fingers."
At one point Sylvester asked: "Do you
guys want to be spoon-fed? Why don't you
get out and cover the war?" The effect, as
described by Safer: "It was a jarring and in-
sulting remark. Most of the people in that
room had spent as much time on actual op-
erations as most GIs. Two television corre-
spondents walked out, saying they had
enough. A few minutes later, two more cor-
respondents left."
If Sylvester made a single one of the re-
marks attributed to him he merits dismis-
sal. When the Overseas Press Club pub-
lished the Safer article, Representative DuR-
WARD G. HALL, Missouri Republican, entered
it in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and told the
House that "if Mr. Safer's reporting of this
meeting is accurate-and based on my own
experience I have no doubt that It is-then
Mr. Sylvester should either resign, or be
fired."
Sylvester later wrote to Representative
HALL, attaching a copy of his correspondence
with Victor Riesel, president of the Overseas
Press Club. The Congressman inserted Syl-
vester's response in the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
oaD--where it has been greeted with the
same press silence that was accorded the
original incident for a whole year.
In his letter to Riesel, the Assistant See-
retasy referred to Safer's account as a "gem
of misrepresentation," and charged him with
distortions and "self-created quotations at-
tributed to me." Sylvester said that Safer
was correct on only one point-that in open-
ing the session Barry Zorthian, minister-
counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon,
said it was not the usual briefing for infor-
mation, but a "bull session." Otherwise,
wrote Sylvester, "his (Safer's) recollection of
the evening was 'bull.' " He made specific
denials of only one of the comments attrib-
uted to him by Safer, and then concluded
with an attack on Safer's reputation as a
newsman.
The Indifference of Congress and the press
to this incident is shockingly callus. If
17259
Safer still stands by his story, as we under-
stand he does, his description of the official
Pentagon position on the handling of news
in Vietnam, especially the Sylvester notion
that the people are entitled to only that news
which makes 'he United States look good,
should be the subject of a comprehensive
Congressional investigation-and the sooner
the better.
THE AIRLINE LABOR DISPUTE
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the joint resolution (S.J. Res. 186) to
provide for the settlement of the labor
dispute currently existing between cer-
tain air carriers and certain of their em-
ployees, and for other purposes.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, the ma-
jority leader has in mind suggesting a
unanimous-consent agreement to apply
to the Lausche amendment only. I think
that perhaps the staff on both sides of
the aisle will wish to notify Senators, and
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. CLARK. I yield.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the
Senator withhold his suggestion?
Mr. CLARK. I withhold it.
Mr. KUCHEL. My understanding is
that the limitation would go into effect
about half an hour from now.
Mr. CLARK. The Senator is correct.
Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, I
have a brief statement of 3 or 4 minutes.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to call the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, with
the approval of the floor manager of the
bill, the distinguished senior Senator
from Pennsylvania, and the ranking
minority member of the Committee on
Labor and Public Welfare, and also the
distinguished minority leader, the Sena-
tor from Illinois, I ask unanimous con-
sent that, beginning at 1:30, there be an
hour of debate on the Lausche amend-
ment, the time to be controlled by the
Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK]
for 30 minutes, and the other 30 minutes
by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. LAUSCIE].
Mr. KUCHEL. Reserving the right to
'object-and I approve it-I have been in-
formed by a staff member that one Sen-
ator here said he had some objections.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
withdraw the request.
Mr. KUCHEL. For 2 minutes; then the
Senator will be here.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to call the roll.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I yield to
the Senator from Florida.
Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, with
the airline strike now in its 27th day, I
No. 126-8
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 3, 1966
am prepared to support vigorously and
vote for any equitable measure that will
assure prompt restoration of air service
for the benefit of the general public.
There is no further need to recite sta-
tistics to demonstrate how serious an
effect this impasse between labor and
managment has had on the American
economy. We have heard numerous
statements in this Chamber that have
recounted the hardships suffered by
everyone from the stranded tourist to the
merchant who has watched his business
dwindle away to a trickle.
There is strong evidence that, if
allowed to drag on much longer, this
walkout could set off a general economic
downturn that would be highly resistant
to any corrective action.
I am convinced that not more than one
or two Senators doubt the words of the
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare
in Senate Joint Resolution 186, that
"emergency measures are essential to
the settlement of this dispute and to the
security and continuity of transportation
services by such carriers."
I am convinced that nearly every Sen-
ator is aware of the urgent necessity for
steps to protect the welfare of the general
public.
Yet, I am also convinced that many
Senators are reluctant-for whatever
reason-to associate themselves with
those steps.
It is ironic that some of these Members
of Congress who frequently proclaim the
abject surrender of the legislative branch
of this Government to the executive
branch are the ones who are now hesitant
to move in this field. They chide the
President and other members of his ad-
ministration for attempting to bypass or
ignore the Congress. In their flights of
wrath,, they proclaim that Congress has
become an "errand boy" to the Presi-
dent-that his wish is our command.
But now, faced with a road heavily
mined with political explosives, they
would turn back and have the President
lead the way for them.
Mr. President, Congress has clear au-
thority In this matter. This is our road
to walk, and article 1, section 8 of the
U.S. Constitution is our guide. ft pro-
vides that Congress has the power to
regulate interstate commerce.
Should we fail to assume our respon-
sibility, should we attempt to shunt it
to the President, Congress would be
gravely Imperiling the concept of sepa-
rate and co-equal branches of govern-
ment.
We would be setting an ominous prec-
edent for future generations to place in
Presidential hands sweeping discretion-
ary powers that should rightly be exer-
cised by the Senate and the House.
As the directly elected representatives
of the people of our various States, it is
we who must move to protect their in-
terests in this current crisis. We can-
not look downtown for direction. The
initiative and the responsibility are ours.
Mr. President, at one point in the show
"My Fair Lady," Eliza Doolittle cries out
in anger at "words, words, words."
It is my hope that the American public
will not have to rise up in anger and
shout for action instead of words from
the Congress.
UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, the ma-
jority leader unfortunately cannot be
present in the Chamber at this time, but
I propose, with his approval, the approval
of the minority leader, the minority whip,
and the Senator from Ohio [Mr.
LAUSCHE], the following:
I ask unanimous consent that com-
mencing at 1:30 p.m. the Lausche
amendment be called up; that 1 hour be
allotted to its consideration, 30 minutes
to be allotted to each side, the propo-
nents' time to be controlled by the Sena-
tor from Ohio [Mr. LAusciEl, and the
opponents' time to be controlled by me,
as floor manager of the bill; that the
vote shall be had at the expiration of
1 hour; and that any quorum calls which
may be had in the meanwhile shall not
be charged to either side.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. (Mr.
GRUENING in the chair). Is there objec-
tion?
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, re-
serving the right to object, may I suggest
to the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr.
CLARK] that there be included in the
unanimous-consent request that at the
end of 40 minutes-20 minutes used by
the opponents and 20 minutes by me-
there shall be a live quorum call, leaving
20 minutes to be used after the quorum
call is completed.
Mr. CLARK. I have no objection to
that, but I do not think it is necessary
to write it into the unanimous-consent
agreement because we have agreed that
the quorum call shall not be charged to
either side.
Mr. LAUSCHE. With that statement
I am satisfied.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? The Chair hears no objec-
tion, and it is so ordered.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, late yes-
terday afternoon, when only the Senator
from Louisiana [Mr. LONG], the Senator
from Oregon [Mr. MORSE], and I were on
the floor of the Senate, the Senator from
Louisiana [Mr. LONG], with the concur-
rence and approval of the Senator from
Oregon introduced into the RECORD a
letter from the Attorney General, which
is printed at page 17179 of the RECORD
and which I shall read in full. It is ad-
dressed to Senator LONG, who stated yes-
terday that it was written at his request.
The letter reads:
OFFICE Or THE ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Washington, D.C., August 2, 1966.
Ron. RUSSELL B. LONG,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Iam writing in response to
your inquiry regarding any constitutional or
other legal problems involved in S.J. Res. 181
as reported by the Senate Labor Committee
yesterday.
While I do not wish to comment on either
the need or merits of this legislation I would
like to call your attention to Section 2 which
delegates the broadest possible authority to
the President to order people back to work
pending settlement at a labor dispute. No
standards are expressed in the resolution by
which to guide the President in this extraor-
dinesy delegation of power.,
Section 5 provides for enforcement through
Injunctive relief. In any judicial proceedings
a court would have to find that the power
had been exercised properly. Thus the
absence of express standards would invite
attack in such proceedings. The unneces-
sarily broad nature of the delegation is un-
derscored by the fact that Congress would
already have made the finding expressed in
the Railway Labor Act without stating what
further findings, if any, the President should
make before exercising his discretion.
Sincerely,
NICHOLAS DEB. KATZENOACH,
Attorney General.
Mr. President, I wish to point out, with
regard to the Attorney General's letter
that there is either a typographical error
or the Attorney General was reading the
wrong resolution before he wrote the let-
ter to the Senator from Louisiana, be-
cause he refers to "S.J. Res. 181" which
is not the pending measure or the com-
mittee resolution. The committee res-
olution is Senate Joint Resolution 186.
Senate Joint Resolution 186 does con-
tain the finding of the Congress in ac-
cordance with the criteria of section 10
of the Railway Labor Act, that this labor
dispute "threatens substantially to inter-
rupt interstate commerce to a degree
such as to deprive any section of the
country of essential transportation serv-
ices."
That finding having been made by the
Congress in section 2 of Senate Joint
Resolution 186, the President is then
given discretion as to whether or not to
order the men back to work.
As I stated on the floor yesterday, as
many other Senator have stated, and as
is abundantly clear in the committee re-
port, this resolution uses not only the
criteria of section 10 of the Railway La-
bor Act, but follows exactly the proce-
dure set forth in the Railway Labor Act,
with respect to the exercise of discretion
by the President.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, will the Senator yield?
Mr. CLARK. - shall be happy to yield
in a few moments.
Under the Railway Labor Act, section
10, it is the National Mediation Board
which makes the finding that the dis-
pute threatens substantially to interrupt
interstate commerce. That finding hav-
ing been made, the President decides
whether or not to create a dispute board.
I wish to quote from the provisions of
section 10 of the Railway Labor Act:
SEC. 10. If a dispute between a carrier and
its employees be not adjusted under the fore-
going provisions of this Act and should, in
the judgment of the Mediation Board,
threaten substantially to interrupt Inter-
state commerce to a degree such as to de-
prive any section of the country of essential
transportation service, the Mediation Board
shall notify the President, who may there-
upon-
Mr. President, I call attention to the
words-"who may thereupon"-
in his discretion, create a board to investi-
gate and report respecting such dispute.
Note the words "in his discretion"-
Such board shall' be composed of such num-
ber of persons as to the President may seem
desirable: Provided, however, That no mem-
ber appointed shall be pecuniarily or other-
wise interested in any organization of em-
ployees or any carrier. The compensation of
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House of Rep r~esent~ztives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
The Lord is my helper, and I will not
fear what man shall do unto me.-
Hebrews 13: 6.
Eternal God, our Father, in whom we
live and move and have our being, we
are children of. Thine--creatures of Thy
hands, sustained by Thy spirit, redeemed
by Thy love and guided by Thy wisdom.
Steady us, we pray Thee, and give us
strength to do what we ought to do.
Save us from accepting too easy answers
to the problems that confront us. Save
us from yielding to the temptation to
accept the second best when the best
can be ours. By the power of an inner
spiritual triumph may we conquer all
pettiness, all narrowness, and all un-
worthy desires. May we put first that
which is first, second that which is sec-
ond, and last that which is last. May
Thy spirit rule our hearts, and together
may we serve our Nation to the limit
of our faith and our ability, through
Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
THE'JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of yes-
terday was read and approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate, by Mr.
Arrington, one of its clerks, announced
that the Senate had passed, with amend-
ments in which the concurrence of the
House is requested, a bill of the House of
the following title:
H.R. 13298. An act to amend the Organic
Act-of Guam in order to authorize the legis-
lature thereof to provide by law for the elec-
tion of its members from election districts.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed a bill of the following
title, in which the concurrence of the
House is requested:
5.3080. An act to amend section 8 of the
Revised Organic Act of the"Virgin Islands to
increase the special revenue bond borrowing
authority, and for other purposes.
The message also announced that the
vice president, pursuant to Public Law
170, 74th Congress, appointed Mr. TAL-
MADGE, Mr. ROBERTSON, Mr. BIBLE, Mr.
LONG of Missouri, Mr. YARBOROUGH, Mr.
HART, Mr. HIcKENLOOPER, Mr. SCOTT, Mr.
FONG, Mr. KUCHEL, and Mr. SIMPSOx
(alternate) to be delegates on the part
of the Senate to the Interparliamentary
Union Conference to be held in Teheran,
Iran, September 27 to October 4, 1966.
WEDNESDAY, VU ft T 3, 1966
AUTHORIZING PRINTING OF HEAR-
INGS ON SUPPLEMENTAL FOR-
EIGN ASSISTANCE FOR VIETNAM
Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent to take from the Speaker's
table the resolution (S. Con. Res. 77)
authorizing the printing of additional
copies of hearings on supplemental for-
eign assistance for Vietnam for fiscal
1966, with House amendments thereto,
and insist on the House amendments and
agree to the conference requested by the
Senate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ohio?
The Chair hears none and appoints the
following conferees: Messrs. HAYS, JONES
of Missouri, and CORBETT.
AUTHORIZING PRINTING OF ADDI-
TIONAL COPIES OF HEARINGS
Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent to take from the Speaker's
table the resolution (S. Con. Res. 90)
to authorize printing of additional copies
of hearings, with a House amendment
thereto, and insist on the House amend-
ment and agree to the conference re-
quested by the Senate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ohio?
The Chair, hears none and appoints the
following conferees: Messrs. HAYS, JONES
of Missouri, and CORBETT.
AUTHORIZING THE ADMINISTRA-
TOR OF GENERAL SERVICES TO
ACCEPT TITLE TO THE. JOHN
FITZGERALD KENNEDY LIBRARY
Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent for the. immediate
consideration of the resolution (H.J. Res.
1207) to authorize the Administrator of
General Services to accept title to the
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, and
for other purposes.
The Clerk read the title of the resolu-
tion.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
reserving the right to object, I believe
the gentleman from Texas would assist
the Members of the House if he would
explain the precedents that are involved,
and the purpose of this proposed legisla-
Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I shall
be very pleased to answer the query of
our distinguished minority leader and
say that this is in accordance with the
General Services Administration respon-
sibilities to administer Presdential li-
braries as a part of the National Archives.
Mr. Speaker, this would implement the
immediate acceptance of the very kind
and generous offer by the late President's
estate of his papers, documents, and oth-
er materials of his office, which will be
placed in the library. The library will
be built by the John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Library, Inc., and then given to the U.S.
Government for operation under the Ar-
chives system, as a place of research for
the people of the United States. This
follows the pattern set in the other Pres-
idential libraries-the Hoover Library,
the Truman Library, the Roosevelt Li-
brary, the Eisenhower Library, and the
Johnson Library.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. As I under-
stand it, the land and the building are
being donated to the Federal Govern-
ment?
Mr. BROOKS. That is correct.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. And that
through the transfer of title from the
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Inc.,
to the Federal Government, there is no
cost involved to the Federal Govern-
ment?
Mr. BROOKS. That is correct.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. However, as
I further understand the matter, once
the transfer is consummated, then the
Federal Government does have in this
case, as it has in the others, the mainte-
nance responsibilities for the future
Mr. BROOKS. That is correct. The
actual maintenance and operation of
Government libraries and museums is
estimated to be in the neighborhood of
$225,000 a year.
The estimate for the expenses of the
Johnson Library is $190,000 to $225,000.
The actual expenses of the Truman
Library at present are $230,000; of the
Hoover Library, are $150,000; of the
Roosevelt Library are $210,000; and of
the Eisenhower Library are $175,000.
So, Mr. Speaker, the range is from
about $150,000 to $230,000 for mainte-
nance and operation, which would be the
responsibility of the Government, as we
make these materials available to the
American people.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the
gentleman from Iowa.
Mr. GROSS. I shall not oppose the
consideration of this joint resolution, but
17304
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August 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE .
RECESS UNTIL 10:30 A.
TOMORROW
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, if there
is no further business to come before the
Senate, I move, under the previous order,
that the Senate stand in recess until
10:30 o'clock tomorrow morning.
The motion was agreed to; and (at 6
o'clock and 52 minutes p.m.) the Senate
recessed, under the previous order, until
tomorrow, Thursday, August 4, 1966, at
10:30 a.m.
NOMINATIONS
.Executive nominations received
the Senate August 3, 1966:
DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE
Thomas E. Macklin, Jr., of California.
Thomas J. O'Flaherty, of New York.
Miss Eleanor Wallace Savage, of California.
Miss Elizabeth R. Thurston, of Indiana..
James E. Thyden, of California.
Miss Judy Anne Uhle, of Illinois.
William D. Wade, of Massachusetts.
Anthony H. Wallace, of New York.
Miss Carol A. Westenhbefer, of Michigan.
Paul R. Wisgerhof, of Colorado.
For appointment as Foreign Service officers
of, class 7, consular officers, and secretaries in
the Diplomatic Service of the United States
of.America:
John H. Adams, of California.
John W. Bligh, Jr., of New York.
Norman R. Buchsbaum, of New York.
Timothy J. Burke, of Wisconsin,
Michael B. Cook, of New York.
Bruce Cossaboom, of New Jersey.
James F. Creagan, of Ohio.
Carl C. Cundiff, of Oklahoma.
John H. Curry, of Michigan.
Lawrence A. Dash, of Pennsylvania.
Edward S. Dubel, of New Jersey.
Bernard Engel, of Ohio.
Albert E. Fairchild, of North Carolina.
Daniel Figgins, of Iowa.
Robert M. Fresco, of New York.
Richard J. Higgins, of Missouri.
Dell J. Hood, of Texas.
Duane L. King, of Washington.
James O. Knowles, Jr., of Washington.
Miss Barbara M. Kugel, of Michigan.
Lawrence B. Lesser, of New York.
Philip Thomas Lincoln, Jr., of Michigan.
James B. Magnor, Jr., of New York.
James P. Nach, of New York.
Gene R. Preston, of California
Jerry Lincoln Prillaman, of Virginia.
Denis R. Regan, of New York.
James L..Robb, of Colorado.
Erik S, Ronhovde, of Montana.
C. Michael Schneider, of Ohio.
James T. Schollaert, of Pennsylvania.
Charles S. Spencer, Jr., of Tennessee,
Thomas E. E. Spooner, of New York
Willis J. Sutter, of New Jersey.
Miss Caroline Marr Turtle, of Arizona.
Phillip J. Walls, of Michigan.
Stephen H. Whilder, of Virginia.
Howard S. Witmer II, of Michigan.
Miss Carol K. Stocker, of Illinois.
Terrence P. Tiffany, of Oregon.
Kenneth H. Torp, of New York.
Miss Ruth L. Willow, of Michigan.
Ralph Winstanley II, of Indiana.
A Foreign Service Reserve officer to be a
consular officer of the United States of
America:
Thomas A. Twetten, of Iowa.
Foreign Service Reserve officers to be con-
sular officers and secretaries In the
Diplomatic Service of the United States of
America :
James D. Baldwin, of New Jersey.
Edmund F. Becker, of Virginia.
Edward B. Beidleman, of Virginia.
Paul H. Brent, of California.
Mrs. Ruth L. Brooks, of Michigan
Eugen F. Burgstaller, of Maryland.
Stewart D. Burton, of Utah.
Will. J. Carter, of Texas.
R. Dabney Chapman, of Maryland.
Gordon A. Martin, of Maryland.
Robert N. Chiperfield, of Illinois.
John D. Clayton, of Virginia.
Walter R. Cox, of Texas.
Robert E. Day, Jr., of Virginia.
Eddie Deerfield, of Illinois.
Cloyce I. Dixon, Jr., of Maryland.
Richard L. Doerschuk, of Maryland.
William W. Douglass, of Kentucky.
James H. Feldman, of Ohio.
Alan Fisher, of the District of Columbia.
James M. Flint, of Maryland.
C. M. Fry, of Missouri.
Allen Fuehrer, of Virginia.
Burton L. Gerber, of Missouri.
Robert S. Hewett, of Virginia.
Neil Hinckley, of Utah.
Paul W. Hodges, of Virginia.
John T. Kirby, of the District of Columbia.
Joseph Yoshio Kiyonaga, of Maryland.
John F. Kordek, of Illinois.
Arthur R. Lee, of Idaho.
George H. McLain, of Virginia.
Samuel Duncan Miller, of the District of
Columbia.
John S. Morgan, of Florida.
Peter Cary Muncie, of Maryland.
Edmund R. Murphy, of California.
Miss Kathleen O'Malley, of the District of
Columbia.
The following-named persons, ilow Foreign
Service officers, of class 2 and secretaries In
the diplomatic service, to be also consular
officers of the United States of America:
A. John Cope, Jr., of Washington.
Grant G. Hilliker, of Virginia.
Now a Foreign Service officer of class 3
and a secretary in the diplomatic service,
to be also a consular officer of the United
States of America:
Clarence J. McIntosh, of Florida.
For appointment as a Foreign Service offi-
cer of class 5, a consular officer, and a secre-
tary in the diplomatic service of the United
States of America:
Ralph W. Stephan, Jr., of Ohio.
Now a Foreign Service officer of class 6
and a secretary in the diplomatic service,
to be also a consular officer of the United
States of America:
Fernando E. Rondon, of California.
For promotion from a Foreign Service offi-
cer of class 7 to class 6:
John D. Forger, of the District of Columbia.
For promotion from Foreign Service offi-
cers of class 7 to class 6 and to be also con-
sular officers of the United States of America:
Edward P. Allen, of Massachusetts.
'Samuel B. Bartlett, of Massachusetts,
Don E. Bean, of Virginia.
Lee S, Bigelow, of Texas.
Henry Clay Black If, of Illinois.
Marion V. Creekmore, Jr., of Tennessee.
Hilary J. Cunningham, of Michigan.
Edmund T. Dejarnette, Jr., of Virginia.
Frank Ralph Goiino, of Pennsylvania.
William H. Gussman, of New York.
Richard J. Harrington, of California.
Edwin Ho, of California,
Leon M. Johnson, Jr., of Colorado.
D. Lowell Jones, of Mississippi.
NoC. LaBrie, of Massachusetts.
D.T. niL mb, of New York.
James W. Lamont, of Maryland.
John R. Lampe, of Minnesota.
George H. Lane, of Illinois,
Mark Lore, of New Jersey.
Michael J. Mercurio, of Ohio.
Geoffrey Ogden, of California.
Donald K. Parsons, of California.
Harry W. Quillian, of Virginia.
Alan D. Romberg, of New York.
Charles B. Salmon, Jr., of New York.
Donald E. J. Stewart, of the District of
Columbia.
Peter O. Suchman, of New York.
Walter Frederick Weiss, of California.
David S. Wilson, of California.
For promotion from Foreign Service offi-
cers of class 8 to class 7 and to be also con-
sular officers of the United States of Amer-
ica:
Edward James Alexander, of Colorado.
David E. Brown, of Pennsylvania.
G. Gardiner Brown, of Ohio.
Donald E. Crafts, of Georgia.
Gordon J. DuGan, of the District of Co-
lumbia.
John J. Hurley, Jr., of Massachusetts.
Walter J. Kearns, of Montana.
Frank P. Kelly, of New Jersey.
John H. Kelly, of Virginia.
Stuart H. Lippe, of Michigan,
Approved
Kenneth Yalowitz, of Illinois. Herschel F. Peak, of California.
For appointment as Foreign Service officers John P. Presby, of Texas.
of class 8, consular officers, and secretaries in MetroRomankiw, of Virginia.
the Diplomatic Service of the United States Richard E. Scutt, of Pennsylvania.
of America: George Sekel, Jr., of Ohio.
Miss Juliet C. Antunes, of New York, Glenn Lee Smith, of California.
William S. Butcher, of Ohio. Jerome J. Stenger, Jr., of Maryland.
Robert K, Carr, of California, John McH. Stuart, of New York.
Robert J. Carroll, of Connecticut. John M. Taylor, of Virginia.
Thomas H. Carter, of Florida. Robert Allen Thomas, of Pennsylvania.
Herbert A. Cochran, of North Carolina. Joel D. Ticknor, of California.
Preston M. Corn, of Illinois. Eugene W. Trone, of Pennsylvania.
James P. Dodd, of Kentucky. Donald C. Weaver, of Virginia.
David J. Dunford, of California. Joseph C. Wheeler, of Pennsylvania.
Miss Katherine M. Durkin, of New York. Robert E. Winter, of Ohio.
Robert C. Felder, of New York. Foreign Service staff officers to be consular
Thomas Austin Forbord, of California. officers of the United States of America:
William L. Gallagher, of California. Donald J. Bouchard, of Maine.
Miss Patricia J. Howell, of Indiana. Richard A. Calfee, of Michigan.
Robert D. Johnson, of Missouri. Allen Cooper, of Florida.
Philip A. King, of Florida. Henry P. Daymont, of California.
Miss Isabel D. Lamy, of Missouri. Lloyd M. Duffe, of Iowa.
Edward Gibson Lanpher, of Virginia. Charles E. Gates, of California.
Alexander O. Lehner, of New Jersey. Miss Mildred J. Hall, of West Virginia.
James N. May, of North Carolina. George M. Hlraga, of California.
Norman D. McLennan, of Michigan. - Miss Catherine M. Hurley, of Connecticut.
Jonathan C. Menes, of California.- Miss Lucy H. Little, of Florida.
Ralph R. Mooney, of Virginia. Robert A. MacCallum, of Pennsylvania.
Robert J. Palmeri, of Massachusetts. Joseph P. Malone, of Massachusetts.
Raymond J. Pardon, of New York. Joseph L.'Martinez, of Pennsylvania.
David D. Passage, of Colorado. F. Coleman Parrott, of Alabama.
Robert Stephen Pastorino, of California. George J. Peterson, of California.
Gerald D. Ramsey, of the District of Chester F. Polley, Jr. of Illinois.
Columbia. Charles T. Pooley, of New York.
Arnold L. Rapbel, of New York. David A. Roberts, of Pennsylvania.
James J. Reid, of Texas. George F. Rodman, of North Carolina.
Lange Schermerhorn, of New Jersey. Danny B. Root, of California.
Edric Sherman, of California. Miss Mary J. Singhouse, of Pennsylvania.
Thomas H. Shugart, Jr., of North Carolina. Mrs. Dorothy M. Weaver, of the District of
Steven E. Steiner, of Pennsylvania. Columbia.
Byron R. Stephenson, of Kansas. Miss Frances Lee Weinman, of Washington.
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 Approved For Release 2Q0 0g~ RD 000400100020-5 A4091
Augicst 3, '1966 CONGRESSIONAL R~O~-
A TIME Or SADNESS, A TIME FOR HOPE But we are slbw learners. Or those made by Eisenhower in his first
(By David Gimbel) We got in a big flap when the Buddhists campaign about slashing the budget to fifty
threatened to resist by their own civil war billions.
I remember, my little girl, when you were with the Ky regime and fight to the death Or those made by Franklin D. Roosevelt in
only two, any effort to discipline them or restrain 1932 about balancing the budget!
The world all around you seemed so bright them. They said at the main pagoda in We are slow learners, indeed, on the sub-
and new. Hue, specifically, that any attempt of gov- ject of political statements made to meet
Your smile would brighten every room with ernment troops to enter would be met by a obvious political pressures]
eternal, previous light, well of burning monks, a fight to the death, It's too much to expect us to change as we
And my happiness would reign supreme when and the blowing up of the whole shebang. face another "silly season" in the election
you were in my sight. Yes, we got in a big flap, but Ky didn't. campaigns now getting underway right here.
I remember when we went outside, the snow His troops moved in. The pyres in front of
was on the ground, the pagoda went unlit, the interior unblown,
And like costly jewels, flakes kissed your face and the defenders surrendered without a
but you never made a sound. shot. The supposed "civil war" petered out Urge To Serve in Washington Can Go Too
Then came the Spring with birds on trees, into the burning of a couple of hysterical
and sweetness filled the air, teen-agers and a couple of street demon- Far
But when neighbors passed you by, they strations, poorly attended.
would always stop and stare. How many times has this game been EXTENSION OF REMARKS
played? What would you expect an enemy of
By the time you reached the age of three my to say when he's trying to get YOU to back
concern began to grow, down: 'Really, we'll quit if pressed." ?/?/? HON. LEE H. HAMILTON
I began to travel from place to place, for I Now, North Viet Nam shrieks that they'll
really had to know. fight for another 20 years if necessary, and OF INDIANA
The truth just hit me with such force, my Americans wring their hands and want to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
dreams were all in vain, either pulverize Hanoi or "get out of Viet
And I found myself like in a trance, just Nam"! Wednesday, August 3, 1966
walking in the rain. What in the world do we expect Ho to say? Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under
Like parents of past centuries I keep on ask- He says what he HAS to say to try to get leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ing "Why?"; his way-and anybody that speaks up and the following editorial by
The question is as old as time, so I bear my says, "No, we won't! Are you nuts?" will 01W, Hugh I Sidey include a tieh appeared in the July
.pain and cry. get shot.
But the parents s of retarded children with (Only here can the efforts of the govern- 29, 1966, issue of Life magazine that re-
their unlimited courage and devotion, ment to be impressive in our determine- minds us that all things do not revolve
Are all born with a feeling of love that is tion-for the same reason and purpose-do around the Federal Government and that
deeper than any ocean. a bunch of folks eagerly jump to their feet- men and women with a sense of citizen-
or the nearest microphone-to holler: ship are the country's greatest strength.
But the years slipped by and like a flower .,Don't you believe it!")
you blossomed with beauty rare, Politics domestic or international offers This excellent editorial which appeared
And now when folks would make remarks a host of situations in which the public ut- in the July 28 issue of Life magazine.
I'd never listen or care. terances are predictable, virtually inevitable, The author, Hugh Sidey, has touched
For Right is Might, 'tis also they world in regardless of the truth. a nerve here, and, hopefully, it should
they own limited way. When that occurs we certainly ought to give a twinge to the public servant who
Now Hope eternal is my song, "Dear God", recognize such statements as meaningless has become preoccupied with the belief
I'll always pray. one way or the other, instead of taking them that all things revolve around the Fed-
Oh, I'll help to build a citadel to erase those so seriously. era] Government.
ugly years, McNamara's 1963 statement about all reminds us that this coun-
were that we can bring in sunshine where there Americans being home from Viet Nam in Mrtry's. Sidey strength and greatness still lies
were only tears. 1965 was such a statement, and we said so
From a past of endless sorrow and system at the time. It was merely a means of tell- its millions of men and women who
too difficult to cope, ing the world we were NOT-trying to take choose others to run the Government
+h a
hile they -in +.heir nwn lives.
i
e
w
n
rlvel~a~' American presence and otherwise willing to
end the fracas. the people and by the people" has suc-
ceeded because it has continued to be
Yet, it was taken literally then, and is
still harked back to as if McNamara was aware of the wants of the people.
smoking opium or something! The article follows:
Lyndon Johnson in 1960 said flatly that URGE To SERVE IN WASHINGTON CAN Go Too
EXTENSION OF REMARKS under no circumstances, whatsoever, would FAR
of he be a candidate for vice president if Ken- (By Hugh Sidey)
nedy beat him for the presidential nomina- na-
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL tion. He HAD to say that or weaken his The men in the u higher reaches of the
of ILLINOIS position in the convention. We said so at tional government sooner or later suffer, in
the time. The Nation's professional com- varying degrees, a virulent affliction which
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mentors, however, took it and treated it as inhibits the eye, pinches the brain and ob-
August 3, 1966 gospel truth. sesses the victim with the belief that the
Wednesday, Now, we are going through the same sort noblest calling of mankind is to work in
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, under of game with Premier Ky in South Viet Washington for the infections, the strati of job sup power.
unanimous consent I include the follow- Nam, taking his statements at face value wives, children, religion, recreation,
ing editorial from the August 1, 1966, and then "analyzing" what this means to plants wives,
and the omega and anything else
issue of the Peoria Journal Star: the international situation. the a
Everybody seems to have forgotten that that's left. The mediocre pay is hardly a
SAYING WHAT IS EXPECTED promised elections are coming, now, in bother. The thrill of deciding the fate of
We seem to have a standing habit in the South Viet Nam, and Premier Ky is deeply countries and dispatching armies or replan-
country of paying great respect and exam- involved and concerned with those election ning societies and economics, or simply lurk-
ining the great details prouncements that are results. ing at the fringes of power, outweighs any-
actually meaningless on their faces. He is not candidly discussing war policy thing else the world has to offer.
It is a long standing practice. with reporters off the top of his head. He is It may be that some men involved in pri-
After all, we dropped the atomic bomb making statements calculated to make his vate pursuits are just as dedicated, but per-
because we believed the repeated Japanese fellow citizens say: "We are going to need haps don't K so c nvisCedeof their
statements that they would defend their Gen. Ky."
"sacred soil" and happily die before giving And he says what he HAS to say to lead Pierre Salinger, now an airlines vice presi-
up-taking millions of American lives with them to that attitude. dent and surrounded with West Coast opu-
them. Actually, while such statements were It is as simple as that. lence and esteem, can't quite conceal a
being made and feverish preparations for As meaningless as the statements made by hankering to get back where the power lies.
a "suicidal" defense being made, the ma- Lyndon Johnson in the last presidential It took Douglas Dillon three Presidents and
neuvers to seek a surrender had already campaign here about Viet Nam! 7 years to tear himself away from the Poto-
been decided upon. The loud threats and or those made in the election campaign mac and go back to his millions in Wall
boasts were attempts to get a better offer of 1960 by John F. Kennedy about Quemoy Street-and even then his departure was re-
and a negotiating position. and Matsu and a "missile gap." luctant. Veteran Diplomat Averell Harri-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 3, 1966
man, 74, took medium rank in the State De- The President talks of putting responsi- Clearly, this kind of "black power" is
partment without flinching just to be around bility on the people back home in connec- blackmail, and it will have to be dealt with
to participate in the big show. Arthur tion with his concept of creative federalism. as such, regardless of race or color. Majori-
Schlesinger Jr. was frank to admit that he In a week where headlines tell of one of the ties, too, have rights to be defended.
preferred his stay in the capital to tenure at worst mass murders in this country's his-
Harvard. tory, where riots flare from Cleveland to
It is strongly suspected that Ted Sorensen, Jacksonville, there is not much doubt that
another Kennedy aide, would gladly abandon some of the biggest challenges this country Truth in Packaging BillHas False Label
his New York prominence and high lawyer's faces are in the town halls, corporation offices
pay for the right kind of federal poet. and the homes.
that American Feeding the Flames
greatness still resides ver- OF WASHINGTON
other things than running the -~~..ti.~,.~ "` J411V1L~''~ Wednesday,
government. OF y, August 3, 1966
This preoccupation produces a feeling, ex- *1 Mrs. MAY. Mr. Speaker, in my view
pressed in various ways, that to serve the fed- HON. DURWARD G. HALL the pending Federal packaging and
eral government is a kind of higher duty or OF MISSOURI labeling bill carries a false label when
experience that all of us should somehow it is referred to as "truth-in-packaging."
share. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara Wednesday, August 3, 1966' I submit that we would do well to take
made a widely applauded suggestion that all a careful look at this legislative pack-
young persons in this country, boys and Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, on the 22d age-to examine its contents as well as
girls, perhaps should be required-whether of July 1966, there appeared in the its label-before buying it. and passing
in peace or war-to give a year or two of their Joplin Globe, an editorial entitled "Feed- it on to encumber the national economy
lives in some kind of national service. But ing the Flames," which I now submit for and the American consumer at this time.
the proposal, made in sincerity (and because insertion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. In my opinion this proposed legislation
the draft isnow many people an
alights th a great y paple who
onerous aren't In problem), It involves the current disregard for law is legally superfluous, technically inexact
government and don't want to be unless and order in our cities and reveals some and an inflationary time bomb for the
there is a national emergency. of the fallacies of the present approach American food and grocery consumer.
There are a lot of folks around who think to the civil rights problem. The editorial I was pleased, therefore, to note in this
that it is just as vital for a young Los Angeles is well worth pondering and I recom- morning's Washington Post the article
woman to get married and rear a family with mend it to our colleagues:
respect for law and the rights of men as it is FEEDING co the
Drummond, entitled journalist Me. Roe
for another young woman to work in the pov-
erty program. There are some who contend The most blatantly irresponsible state- Deceptive Packaging Bill."
that a young teacher in Orient, Iowa who ment we have read by a supposedly responsi- Earlier this week I noted with pleasure
opens the world to his class is just as deli- ble person encouraging mounting race riots another fine article on this subject by
opted to the flag as a Peace Corps volunteer in our cities was the assertion by Vice Presi- Alyce Hazeltine, the Seattle Post-Inte]'li-
in Chile. The young engineers who develop dent Humphrey at New Orleans that if he
the techniques of our industry are as impor- had to live in a ghetto he, too, "might lead At the gencer's "Prudence of Penny."
to tiie strength of this country as the a mighty good revolt." conclusion of my brief remarks
special assistants who inhabit the,big fed- That's one sure way to fan the flames of I shall include both articles and coln-
eral agencies. violence, with more burning, looting and mend them to the attention of my col-
There are weeks in this city, in fact, when, bloodshed, ouch as we have been witnessing leagues. The points made by the authors
after a plethora of conferences and meetings in Chicago, Cleveland, Jacksonville, Fla., and of these articles are well taken.
such as the recent one on the status of other cities this summer. That kind of talk What concerns me most of all about
women, the residents would gladly barter from on high, plus federal handouts as this Federal packaging and labeling bill,
half a dozen status officials for one mother bribes, and other a.ctsyof appeasement of the
who wants more than anything to bring love lawless can be counted upon to keep the ne Speaker, is that while it offers
beauty into the lives of her children. Or tempo of anarchy and insurrections rising. sum protection the American C cost
they would trade a whole physical fitness There has been far too much of this kind surer, it would hike the escalating cost
conference in Washington for one grand- of Sympathetic agitation and pampering by of food and groceries. Evidence in Com-
father who would round up the neighborhood do-gooders and left-wingers, reflected also mittee points out that American food
children and take them on a hike. on our TV screen, sometimes to the point of processors would have to spend millions
Oddly enough, the idea of some sort of disgust. It can only tend to cater to and of dollars in converting equipment to
universal national service seemed to have encourage the persecution complex of some, meet- requirements of the proposed bill.
been swallowed with the rest of the soft while giving hoodlums and criminals what And, Mr. Speaker, experience shows that
so
poll found ap out of Washington. George Gallup's amounts to a license to commit more- dep- increased food processing costs mean
thought the plan had%merit, those
Nor was there and fns in disrespect for life, property higher prices on our supermarket shelves.
much protest from those traditional There is a growing feeling that we are wit- As the articles to follow point out,
defenders of individuality and the right of nessing a pattern of planned organized vio- "what is unfortunate about this situation
self-determination, the Republicans. It was lence under the guise of "civil disobedience" is that the so-called truth-in-packaging
Harvard's President Nathan Pussy who spoke for racial justice. Evangelist Billy Graham bill actually gives consumers few legal
up against the McNamara Idea. It was, he is quoted as having said the riots are orga- safeguards they do not already have.
declared, "coercive conformity." And, he nized by extremists teaching violence, some It is fortunate, indeed, that at long
added for good measure, "I cannot believe of whom "are no more interested in civil last the American consumer is being
our government could possibly provide a rights than is the Ku Klux Klan." He
demanding and meaningful experience with- charged that they are interested in national made aware of the false label concealing
out the help of the colleges, for the millions disorder for sinister motives; that the Presi- the contents of this proposed legislation.
of young people-men and women-who dent and the FBI know who the fomenters In my view, consumers need higher food
would be involved.... Nor can I think of are and what they are up to. costs right now like they need square
anything worse for young people eager to If this is true, then the President and the wheels on their supermarket shopping
get on in the world than to stand by mark- FBI have a sworn duty to inform the people carts.
ing time."
Another quite important man has his and to move swiftly against these insurrec- As a Member of Congress, as a con-
doubts. Speaking to a group of teen-agers, able. tionists. The situation is growing intoler- - surer, as a housewife, I urge the Cori-
who have a special and immediate interest able. To permit it to continue makes n no
in the matter, Lyndon Johnson said point- sense whatsoever. grref and the American public to give
edly: "The new age will also require much It is noteworthy that the more civil rights Careful study to the inflationary effects
of those who do not enter public service-- laws passed by Congress, the more millions of this bill before final action is taken.
the housewives, the businessmen." He went and billions appropriated for antipovery, re- [From the Washington Post, Aug. 3, 19661
on to explain: "If we are to solve our prob- lief, housing and other benefits, a Large por- BUYER BEWARE: DECEPTIVE PACKAGING BILL
lems, our citizens must develop a new sense tion of which is being channeled Into the (By Roscoe Drummond)
of citizenship, a new concern for the public so-called ghettos, the -more widespread and This "truth in packaging" bill, now be-
good." . violent thelawlessnes becomes. fore Congress, is just about the most decep-
w sue success oI the U.s. OF
But the singular preoccupation with federal Hn1U r A THE. nt*Ir an ? Y.
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 A4104
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX August 3, 1966
Seeing no better solution, I suggest the
addition of this tool to present labor-
mangement relations law.
I propose that compulsory arbitration
machinery be set in operation when the
President or, and I repeat "or," the Con-
gress makes the determination that a
strike has become a national emergency
or an intolerable public nuisance. No
more deferring of the Congress or the
President to the other; no more fiddling;
no more "dilly dallying" or charging one
another of failure to act. Secondly, I
propose the representation of the pub-
lic on the Board of Arbitration. I sug-
gest a three-member Board with full
authority to settle all issues. One repre-
sentative selected by labor, one by man-
agement and one member of the Amer-
ican Arbitration Association or the
American Bar Association to represent
the public, user, and taxpayer interests.
All other procedures of the present law
could be retained.
These new but simple suggestions
would insure more nearly fair settle-
ments without the enormous losses, hard-
ships and inconveniences of discontin-
ued service.
My plan, when known and understood
by the parties, would encourage, if not
impel, quicker settlements of labor dis-
putes. It would insure more stability
and productivity in public transportation
industries.
I believe scholars and students of la-
bor-management relations know what is
necessary. We do not need a study
commission. We do not need protracted
hearings in both the House and. Senate.
We need courage. We need to eliminate
politics. We need to consider the pub-
lic. We need new enabling legislation.
We need it now.
These proposals are intended to, and
do, protect the basic right of labor to
organize, bargain, and strike. They also
protect the necessary right of investors
to earn a profit, and of management to
manage its business.
Reckless, irresponsible, callous, or
greedy action by either party must be
minimized. The public rights must have
primacy and must be protected now and
in the future.
I urge members of the House Commit-
tee on Interstate, and Forei Commerce
to consider my proposals wwjaich are in-
a
Statement on Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS M. REES
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 3, 19.66
Mr. REFS. Mr. Speaker, last Friday,
July 29, 46 Members of the House of
Representatives sponsored a statement
on Vietnam in response to the recent
pronouncement by Premier Ky suggest-
ing an invasion of North Vietnam and
eventual war with Red China. As one
of the signatory Members, I would like
to introduce this statement in the REC-
ORD as I believe it will be of great interest
to my colleagues:
STATEMENT ON VIETNAM
Recent statements by Premier Ky suggest-
ing an invasion of North Vietnam, and even-
tual war with Red China, indicate he and
other South Vietnamese generals have am-
bitions that extend far beyond and contra-
dict the limited aims stated by President
Johnson in seeking self-determination for
the Vietnamese people. The danger that the
war will spread is increasing daily. Exten-
sion of the conflict may embroil the major
powers of the world in a destructive and
brutal confrontation that would shatter all
hopes of world peace.
Premier Ky's statements dramatize the ne-
cessity for the American government to re-
direct its energies more forcefully in pursuit
of a peaceful political settlement of the war.
The spiral of escalation now being advocated
by General Ky must be opposed and new
initiatives attempted for negotiated settle-
ment. The United States should use its
great influence to assure that fair and free
elections open to all parties will be held in
the South so that a truly representative ci-
vilian government may be established. The
granting of political rights to all would offer
a peaceful alternative to those who now pur-
sue the path of armed rebellion.
DEMOCRATS
JOSEPH P. ADDABBO, JOHN A. BLATNIK,
JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, GEORGE E.
BROWN, JR., PHILLIP BURTON, RONALD
BROOKS CAMERON, JEFFERY COHELAN,
JOHN CONYERS, JR., JOHN Dow,
KEN W. DYAL, DON EDWARDS, LEONARD
FARBSTEIN, DONALD FRASER, JACOB H.
GILBERT, BERNARD F. GRABOWSKI, HENRY
B. GONZALEZ, AUGUSTUS HAWKINS, KEN
HECKLER, HENRY HELSTOSKI,
ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER, ROBERT LEG-
GETT, JOHN C. MACKIE, SPARK M. MAT-
SUNAGA, RICHARD D. MCCARTHY, PATSY
T. MINK, WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD, ROB-
ERT N. C. NIx, BARRATT O'HARA, ED-
WARD J. PATTEN,
THOMAS REES, JOSEPH Y. RESNICK, HENRY
S. REUSS, BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, ED-
WARD ROYBAL, WILLIAM F. RYAN, JAMES
H. SCHEUER, JOHN R. SCHMIDIIAUSER,
WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE, HERBERT TENZER,
LIONEL VAN DEERLIN, WESTON VIVIAN,
JEROME R. WALDIE, LESTER WOLFF, SID-
NEY R. YATES.
REPUBLICANS
SEYMOUR HALPERN, THEODORE R. KUPFER-
MAN,
A Mother Does Her Bit
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 27, 1966
Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker,
the morale of our men in our Armed
Forces overseas is vitally important, not
only to their own well-being, but to their
performance of duty. As every soldier
and sailor knows, such morale is lifted
immeasurably by the arrival of parcels
and mail from home.
One mother who realizes this and who
is doing more than her share to boost
the morale not only of her own son but
of all members of his outfit is Mrs.
Leonard Sellers of my own district in
California. Mr. Lee Chilson, who writes
a column in the Chula Vista Star-News,
took note of this in the issue of July 14.
Under unanimous consent I insert in
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD this heart-
warming newspaper account of the activ-
ities of Mrs. Sellers in sending to the
troops overseas such typically American
products as hamburgers, and the joyous
welcome with which her packages are
received by men fighting in Vietnam:
A MOTHER DOES HER BIT
"It's hard to put down on paper how happy
I and the rest of the guys were the day the
Goodie box came. It brought us all a little
closer to home-even if for only a few min-
utes." . . . "Your son Paul is lucky to have
such a wonderful family. The goodie box
was just great. Thank you so much."
"The box was wonderful. It brought back
memories of home. It gets lonely'over here."
Those were just a few of the quotes from
letters received this week by Mrs. Leonard
Sellers, 1058 Monserate Ave., Chula Vista.
They came from her son and a dozen or so
of his Marine pals fighting the war in far-off
Viet Nam. The "goodie boxes" that brought
on all the thanks were mailed several weeks
ago by Mr. and Mrs. Sellers. They weren't
the usual boxes of candy and cookies, though.
They were filled with real American ham-
burgers.
We told you about Mrs. Sellers and her
efforts to get the 'burgers all the way to Viet
Nam several weeks ago. She packed cans of
beef patties and wrapped buns in special
material so they would stay fresh on the
long trip. This week she received pictures
and letters of thanks. She let us read them,
including this one from her son:
"The box that I remember (and always
will) was the box of hamburgers, and there's
a little story I'd like to tell you about how
we finally got a chance to eat them, Sunday
at about 11 a.m. we got the word to pack up
our gear because we were moving out. We
got on trucks and they took us to our base in
Chu-Lai. We made up field transport packs
and went to the airstrip.
"While we were waiting to board the plane
we had mail call. I got some letters and a
couple of boxes. We opened the smaller box
and ate the cookies but I knew what was in
the big package. I was so loaded down with
gear that carrying the box was a little diffl-
cut so a couple of the guys carried my pack
and gear.
"Believe me, we really guarded that box.
We handled it like it was glass. Finally we
boarded our plane and flew to DaNang. We
got on trucks again and they took us south
to a camp. When we got to the camp it was
almost dark. Most of us hadn't eaten all day.
"We opened the box. (I took some pic-
tures and it was just about dark so I hope
they came out.) I guess I don't have to tell
you how fast the hamburgers disappeared.
They were delicious. And you should have
seen some of the other Marines coming by
when they saw our gang eating real ham-
burgers. They couldn't believe their eyes!"
Terry Fountain, another Chula Vista youth
who joined the Marine Corps with Sellers,
also wrote Mr. and Mrs. Sellers about the
'burgers. "They were great. Everyone en-
joyed them. Only thing missing were some
pretty girls to serve them," he wrote.
And Don Schneider, the Navy corpsman
with Sellers' unit, had this to say about the
'burgers he received: "They were just great.
We heated them on a little stove and they
brought back a lot of memories. It gets
lonely out here." Schneider, who everyone
calls "Doc," has been in the Navy 41/2 years
and is the father of a five-month-old son.
Tom Tobin of LaPuente, Calif., was on
duty during the DaNang riots when his box
of 'burgers came. He wrote Mrs. eellers,
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August 3, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Great Britain ----------------------------------------
France------------ -----------------------------------
Italy------------------------------------------------
Belgium---------------------------------------------
Russia---------------------- ------------------------
Poland---------------------------------------
Czechoslovakia--------------------------------------
Romania--------------------------------------------
Yugoslavia------------------------------------------
Greece-------------------------------------------- ---
Armenia ---------------------------- -. ----------------
Estonia----------------------------------------------
Austria----------------------------------------------
Lithuania--------------------------?----------------
Finland----------------------------------------
Hungary---------------------------------------
Cuba------------------------------------------- ----
Nicaragua-------------------------------------------
Liberia
------------------------------------------------
Here is a country-by-country breakdown of
World War II and post-war debt as of last
Dec. 31, the most recent date for which
complete figures are available. Figures for
Original debt
(principal and.
interest)
$4, S02,181, 641. 56
4, 089, 689, 588. 1S
2,049-1364,310. 28
419, 837 630.37
192, 601, 297.37
207,344,297, 37
185, 071, 023.07
68,359, 192. 45
63,577,712. 55
32, 499, 922.67
11, 959, 917. 49
16, 466, 012, 87
26, 843,148.66
6, 888, G64, 20
6,432, 465. 00
8,990, 9911 97
1, 982, 555. 50
10, 000, 000.00
141,050.36
26, 000. 00
Payments (prince- Total still owed (Iii.
pal and interest) eluding interest)
$2,024,854,207.74
486, 075, 891.00
100, 829, 880. 16
52, 191, 273.24
8, 750, 311.88
22, 646, 297. 55
20,134, 092.26
4, 791, 007. 22
2, 588, 771. 69
4, 127, 056.01
--------------------
1,248,432,07
862, 668. 00
761, 599.07
1, 237, 956.58
15, 063, 230. 93
556, 919. 76
12, 286, 751.58
168, 575.84
36, 471.56
$9, 453, 659,301. 93
6, 580, 932,495. 57
2, 251, 48340934
669, S99:077: 60
640, ()SO, 535. 28
449, 810, 224. 20
266, 822052.34
111,199:1310.69
82,51)0,:168.78
45, 590, 335. 10
39,350,996. 73
35,042,300. 81
26, 0?4, 113969
14,899,W: 04
13, 375, 487. 90
5, 071, 000. 00
4, 068, 341. 20
---------------------
--------------------
---------------------
individual countries may not add to the total
borrowed because of currency and other ad-
justments made over the years.
United Kingdom ------------------------------------------------
India------------------------------------------------------------
Brazil----------------------------------------------- ---- _------
Pakistan-------------------------------------------------------
Japan------------------------------ - -----------------------------
Turkey --------------------------------------------------------
Yu oslavia_______________ _ --_ _ -_ -_
Chic--------------------------??-----------------------------
United Arab Republic------------------------------------------
Israel------------------------------------------------------------
Spain-----------------------------------------------------------
France-----------------------------------------------------------
China (Formosa)------------------------------------------------
Arggent.ula--------------------------------------------------------
Colombia-------------------------------------------------------
Mexico----------------------------------------------------
Morocco------------------------------------- -------------------
Iran------------------------------------------------------------
Germany--------------------------------------------------------
Russia ----------------------------------------------------------
Greece-----------------------------------------------------------
Indonesia------------------------------^-------------------------
Peru-------------------------------------------------------------
Italy-------------------------------------------------------------
Ireland----------------------------------------------------------
Portugal---------------------------------------------------------
Philippines------------------------------------------------------
Liberia----------------------------------------------------------
Tunisia------------------------------------------------
Poland----------------------------------------------------------
Others-----------------------------------------------------------
Proposal for Minimizing the Public Hard-
ship in Transportation Strikes .
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Or
HON. BURT L. TALCOTT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 3, 1966
Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, it must
be clear to those involved-the machin-
ists, the airline operators, the public, and
the Government-that a protracted
strike of five major airlines, or the dis-
continuance of air transportation serv-
ice, is no longer tolerable.
Regardless of the efficacy, even need,
of the strike device in ordinary labor-
management disputes, it is no longer an
appropriate weapon in labor disputes
when public hardship or a national
emergency is involved.
The public has a majority interest in
the transportation business. Trans-
portation-air, water, land, or rail-is a
$5, 468, 858,528
3, 428, 088,387
1, 949, 040, 147
1,078,689,613
1,614,277 ' 759
762, 815084
725,159:418
782, 644, 959
595, 719, 780
614, 091, 098
538, 716, 873
2, 534, 908, 591
572, 213, 463
694, 701, 907
526, 934, 290
712, 850, 739
272, 470, 364
354, 345,406
1, 356, 372, 601
222, 494, 574
288, 005,952
309, 100, 456
326, 233, 485
722, 279, 227
128, 200, 000
134, 425, 231
285, 237, 495
120, 755, 533
94, 102, 956
142, 231, 610
3, 990, 515, 337
Principal
repaid
$1, 486, 625, 055
281,140, 246
737, 804, 361
88, 003, 864
850, 676, 674
78, 378, 074
83, 542, 799
205, 896, 225
35, 922, 379
182, 961 688
1`26, 228, 166
2,127, 189, 907
213, 602, 287
231, 615, 040
226, 445, 046
456, 417, 645
19,935,061
105, 042800
1, 131, 093, 239
32, 485, 673
107, 155,114
123, 453, 331
179, 357, 806
577, 268, 429
16, 403, 932
22, 474, 904
180, 302, 707
19, 090,525
6, 257, 988
59, 853, 558
2,130, 968,143
Principal
still owed
$3, 982, 336, 440
3,108, 328, 435
1, 076, 283, 345
1, 030, 31.2, 912
763, 601, 085
683, 614,786
613, 889, 951
569, 403, 925
555, 560, 549
419, 761, 297
412.414, 841
404, 381, 837
358, 486, 782
349, 944.903
278, 583, 031
253, 208, 119
251, 801, 346
249, 661, 331
225, 019, 752
190, 008, 901
179, 376, 895
170, 221, 047
146, 867, 634
145, 006, 950
111,706 068
111,069:679
104,539,387
102, 363, 408
86, 427, 258
82, 376, 934
1, 947,81D, 541
service, a public service, whether passen-
ger, mail, or freight.
The taxpayer has a large stake in all
transportation businesses.
Profits are essential to the airlines and
important to the public. The wages
should be fair for the work done. The
profits should be fair for the risk, in-
vestment, and service rendered. Neither
excessive wages nor excessive profits
should be taken at the expense of the
user of the transportation or at the ex-
pense of the taxpayer who contributes
to the subsidies and governmental serv-
ices to the industry.
Any excessive profits or wages which
are not returned to the public in reduced
fares are just as inflationary and unaq-
ceptable as increased prices that are re-
quired by excessive wage or profit
demands. The fare-paying traveler is
just as entitled to a slice of the extra
profits as are the employers and em-
ployees. The taxpayer is just as much
entitled to a slice of the extraordinary
profits as they were obligated to subsi-
dize when profits were impossible.
A4103
In many places public transportation
is an absolute necessity. Interruptions
of transportation can quickly and easily
become a public inconvenience or-hard-
ship or a national emergency.
Presently it must be clear that a po-
litical solution is usually wrong or often
impossible. It would appear as though
President Johnson has refused to inter-
vene in either the airline or the New
York City transport strikes for political
reasons. Politics has no place in labor
disputes when the national interest or
public inconvenience is involved.
President Johnson is quick to use his
office to control steel, aluminum, and
other industries, but laggardly when
unions exceed the administration eco-
nomic guidelines allegedly designed to
forestall inflation. Perhaps another
President would be similarly encumbered
and shackled by the feared political con-
sequences.
Through press-agentry, President
Johnson attempted to milk as much po-
litical advantage as possible out of the
negotiation proceedings. His. curious
outward detachment from the negotia-
tions until settlement appeared immi.
nent, then the nighttime summons of
the parties to the White House woodshed,
the mandatory closeting of the negotia-
tors in the Executive offices, the grand
TV announcement of the "noninflation-,
ary" settlement, the devious childish
withholding of the terms of the agree-
men t from the public, the taxpayers, and
the families of the machinists until the
time of the election must have demon-,
strated that this President and his labor
advisers do not understand labor, do not
care about management, and have little
concern for the public or the taxpayer,.
Neither crass politics nor cheap press-
agentry have any legitimate or helpful.
place inlabor-management. The Pres-
ident has mishandled the airline strike.
The President cannot be blamed en-
tirely because there is no prescribed plan
or procedure for solution.
A new procedure for settling strikes of
this nature is desperately needed to re-
sume air transportation service now and
to preclude such a public inconvenience
and hardship in the future.
The present law permits Congress and
the President to weasel out of their re-
sponsibility. Congress leaves the prob-
lem to the President; the President defers
to the Congress. Generally, President
Johnson likes to intrude on the preroga-
tives of the legislature-but not in dis-
tasteful strike situations. Congress must
enact clear enabling legislation.
Compulsory arbitration is a distaste-
ful method for settling an ordinary
labor-management dispute. Compulsory
arbitration brings together representa-
tives of both contending parties with a
neutral third party acceptable to both
contenders. While compulsion in any
form in a free society is objectionable, the
inhumanitarian hardships of unabated
use of economic power by either labor or
management are also objectionable.
Heretofore, Congress has refused to in-
voke compulsory arbitration for many
good reasons. The enormity of the pub-
lic detriment now overwhelms the rea-
sons against compulsory arbitration.
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400100020-5