THE OTHER WAR IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400090007-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: July 21, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

A3872
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX July 21, 1966
EDUCATION EXPANDED ST WAR-VIETNAMESE independence were the victims of aggres-
ENROLLMENT TRIPLED SINCE 1954 FRENC13 sive communism.
PULLOUT The purpose of our commemoration of
(By Raymond R. Coffey) Captive Nations Week in the House this
SAIGON.-It is, Harold Winer observed, "a year remains what it has been since the
helluva state of affairs when it takes a war" 86th Congress, in which many of us were
to get a nation moving educationally. privileged to serve, unanimously adopted
But one of the happier ironies of the war the first captive nations resolution in
While properly welcoming the many new
countries that have joined the family of
nations during the present generation
we tend to forget that, while old-fash-
ioned colonialism is ending in Africa and
large parts of Asia, a new kind of Coloni-
alism has taken its place in Europe and
the Orient.
Likewise, when we do remember such
Soviet colonies as Estonia, Latvia, Lith-
uania, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia,
and so forth, we overlook the fact that
the first victim of communism was Rus-
sia and we fail to realize that the peo-
ples of both Russia and China are as
much the victims of Communist coloni-
alism as are the Baltic peoples, the Mag-
yars, Poles, Bohemians, and so forth.
Soviet Russia is a huge conglomeration
of ethnic groups whose independence has
been as ruthlessly exterminated by the
Communists as it was earlier by the
czars.
At the same time that we are express-
ing our sympathies for the peoples who
live behind the Iron and Bamboo Cur-
tains, some powerful voices are urging
closer contacts with Communist China
and its recognition by the United States.
The same voices call .for stepped up
trade with the Reds.
There are some who say that "you
just can't ignore 700 million Chinese."
Have these people forgotten that the
Peking Communist regime has, during
its 17 years in power, liquidated many
millions of people and placed other mil-
lions in slave labor camps?
It is certainly inconsistent to welcome
new and free countries to the family of
nations and simultaneously invite such
a destroyer of individual freedom as Red
China to sit down and help celebrate.
Let us hope that the new nations can
maintain their freedom and let us hope
that the captive nations will some day
soon regain their independence, but let
us not defeat the purpose of Captive Na-
tions Week by calling for recognition of
Communist China and advocating more
v
The Other War in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. N. NEIMAN CRALEY, JR.
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 27, 1966
Mr. CRALEY. Mr. Speaker, the
"other war" in South Vietnam, the effort
to improve the economic, educational,
and health conditions for the Vietnam
people, receives little attention when
compared to stories of our military ac-
tion there. This phase of the fight for
freedom and independence in Vietnam
is certainly as important since it pro-
vides hope for the future of the Viet-
namese people when the fighting ceases.
No effort can be more worthwhile nor
of more long-term value than educa-
tional progress. I should like to include
in the RECORD an article from the Wash-
ington Post describing this progress at
the present time:
here is that it has helped make classrooms,
teachers and textbooks available for the first
time to hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese
children.
Winer is chief education adviser in the
U.S. Agency for International Development
(AID) program here, which operates in the
midst of the war and which has made most
of the educational gains possible.
When the French pulled out in, 1954 there
were 600,000 children in elmentary schools
in what is now South Vietnam-about 25
per cent of the number then in that age
bracket.
Today, with a rising population, there are
1,700,000 children in elementary school-al-
most 65 per cent of those in that age bracket.
Not only are more youngsters in school,
but education has been made available to a
much wider social and economic range of the
population.
In the past schooling was available only in
larger population areas. Since 1963, the Viet-
namese government and the U.S. aid pro-
gram have constructed hamlet schools with
a total of 8500 new classrooms in rural areas.
During and immediately after the years of
French rule, the country had a drastic short-
age of textbooks. The ones that were avail-
able were often pretty meaningless to Viet-
namese children, since the texts were French-
oriented.
Reading primers were "all about the snowy
Alps of France and other things the kids
had never seen," is the way one U.S. official
described the situation.
American aid experts got together 36 com-
mittees of, the best Vietnamese teachers they
could find, gave them American advisers, and
had them write new texts on every subject
taught in elementary schools.
The new texts are based on Vietnamese cul-
ture and things familiar to Vietnamese chil-
dren. Instead of autos and Alps the illustra-
ted texts now are about water buffalos and
rice paddies, and instead of Napoleon the
youngsters read about their own heroes.
The U.S. program also has included de-
velopment of two new normal schools and
the training of thousands of new teachers.
With the cooperation of the Vietnamese
government, teacher status and salaries also
have been notably improved. Two years ago
an elementary teacher was being paid 600
piastres (about $9 at the then current ex-
change rate) a month.
A new increase just approved by the gov-
ernment will raise this to 3200 piastres (about
$26.67 at the present exchange rate) a month.
1959. That purpose is twofold: to con-
vince the people behind the walls and
curtains of communism that the free
world has not forgotten nor abandoned
them and shall never acquiesce in their
illegal captivity; and to rally the free
people of the world to a greater under-
standing of our obligations toward those
who have been forcibly deprived of their
freedom and of our responsibilities in the
preservation and the strengthening of
freedom everywhere.
Is is a mark of the significance of our
effort and of the sensitivity of Commu-
nist leaders to this issue that today, as in
1959, Captive Nations Week continues to
be,greeted with cries of outrage in Com-
munist capitals. Their objections are
understandable, for Captive Nations
Week exposes international communism
as a most brutal form of imperialism. It
identifies the Soviet Union as the world's
most oppressive colonial power. And it
proclaims the free world's conviction
that, like all of history's oppressors, com-
munism must ultimately succumb to
man's powerful instinct for freedom.
This year's observance, Mr. Speaker,
should serve to remind us that we can
do more than talk about the captive na-
tions. The shifts and uncertainties that
seem to characterize so much of today's
Communist world present a challenge to
our capacity to understand and to take
reasoned action. The situation requires
the most careful attention of the Con-
gress as well as of the executive branch.
For this reason, several of us in the House
have been sponsoring legislation to estab-
lish a Special Committee on the Captive
Nations, a committee whose job it would
be to study changing conditions in the
Communist world, especially in Eastern
Europe, to understand more fully the
meaning of those changes, and to recom-
mend ways in which we can use those
changes to encourage the growth of free-
dom there.
A concrete example of such an oppor-
tunity exists in the apparent desire of
Communist-bloc nations to increase their
trade with the United States. We shall
miss this opportunity if, on the one
hand, we abruptly slam the door or, on
the other, too readily, and without quali-
fication, open the door to whatever ar-
Captive Nations Week rangements they may desire.
d
t
t
SPEECH
OF
HON. FLORENCE P. DWYER
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
ra e
o
Communist countries desll a
because they need to trade. We should
trade if it is worth our while to trade,
and we can determine whether trade is
in our best interests by exploring the
possibilities of a political quid pro quo
which could bring at least some measure
of relief to the peoples of the captive
nations.
Mrs. DWYER. Mr, Speaker, this I have no specific formula to suggest,
week-the eighth annual Captive Na- Mr. Speaker, but I do suggest that this
tions Week-provides us with an impor- question is one which administration of-
tant opportunity to keep the light of ficials should consider seriously and one
truth focused on the plight of the millions to which a Special Committee on the
of once-free people who now live under Captive Nations, should it be estab-
Communist domination and on the fact lished, could devote some expert atten-
that their freedom and their countries' tion.
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July 21, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?- APPENDIX
CHIEF PARKER AND THE LAw gaining their political, economic, social
`Los Angeles is In deep mourning for Wil- and cultural independence and to take
Liam H. Parker-the man who devoted his their rightful place as full members in
life to making this the best-policed city in the society of freemen.
the nation. We are not only speaking about Hun-
Police Chief Parker is dead, but his dedi-
cation, integrity, and professional ability gary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and other
live an in the great department he, led and Eastern European nations but Cuba,
inspired. mainland China, North Vietnam and all
"Law and order" was not a casual phrase other nations which have been subju-
to Parker. He. believed devoutly that no gated by the force of arms, conspiracy,
community, no nation could govern itself subversion, and deceit of international
without respect for the law and its authority.
Those who violated the law, who threat- communism.
ened the person or property of others were I believe all of us have been heartened
his sworn enemies. Chief Parker enforced by the action of several Soviet satellites
the law with a single-mindedness and effi- over the past few months in asserting
ciency that led to controversy, but there was their own national sovereignty and po-
never a doubt as to his honesty and sin- litical and economic independence. I
verity.
These, were the very characteristics in a feel we are beginning to see a change
chief that Los Angeles desperately needed which will eventually prevail in all of
when Parker took over in the critical year of ' the countries now under the whip of in-
9
S
1
60.
candals and low morale in the de-
partment had made the city vulnerable to
criminal interests. 11
Before long, however, Parker developed
a police force of great pride and outstanding
professional competence. No large city has
so successfully resisted the challenge of orga-
nized crime or won so high a reputation for
over-all excellence.
Chief Parker thus epitomized the protec-
tion of the law to most citizens, To others
he was the defender of the "status quo"-and
the focus of resentment toward other law
officers and toward laws that Parker enforced
but had not enacted.
Yet, significantly, many of the tributes to
the late chief came from those who had
'often, differed with him, such as City Coun-
cilman Tom Bradley and John A..Buggs,
executive director of the County Human
Relations Commission. A. L. Wirin, attor-
ney for the American Civil Liberties Union
and a frequent critic of Parker, said "I have
'admired him through the years as an efficient
and dedicated police officer."
Although William Parker canont be re-
placed, a successor must be named. One of
his legacies to the city is the number of
outstanding police executives in the depart-
ment eligible to assume the top post.
The new chief must be as dedicated to
the enforcement of the law and the preser-
vation of order as was Parker. The Times
believes that within the.ranksof the L.A.P.D.
is such a man, who will also be accepted by
all elements of the citizenry-even those who
In recent months have been critical of the
department.
Captive Nations Week
SPEECH
OF
HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER
Or NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am
pleased to join our colleagues and other
freemen throughout the world in par-
ticipating in the eighth annual observ-
ance of Captive Nations Week, author-
ized by an act of Congress in July 1959.
Although this 1 week is set aside for
sober reflection and a rededication to
purpose, we must continually strive to
keep alive the ideals of freedom and in-
dependence which burn in the hearts
and souls of the valiant people behind
the Iron Curtain. We must never digress
from our efforts to assist these people In
ternal communism. No matter how
hard Moscow and Peking may try to
dominate these people and make them
helpless pawns in their own design, their
free spirit cannot be permanently sub-
dued by armed force. However, this
change will not occur overnight and
other countries are being continually
threatened. We must stand ready,
therefore, to assist the captive nations
in their present plight by peaceful proc-
esses and in their aspiration to throw
off the yoke of totalitarianism and to re-
gain their national and individual free-
dom.
Last year at this time I was privileged
to join my distinguished colleague, the
gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr.
FLOOD], in introducing House Resolution
484-which calls upon Congreso to es-
tablish a Special Committee on the Cap-
tive Nations. I would like to urge the
Rules Committee to take expeditious and
favorable action on this and similar
resolutions so that force will be given to
our moral support of the captive na-
tions. Definite action must be taken to
make known our desire to promote the
return of the people of the captive na-
tions to the state whereby they can
freely determine their own social, po-
litical, and economic institutions.
Captive Nations Week
SPEECH
OF
HON. DANIEL D. ROSTENKOWSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker,
yesterday I had the privilege of presiding
over the House when Members observed
Captive Nations Week. Having sup-
ported this annual recognition since it
was first proclaimed by the 86th Con-
gress, I was pleased to act as temporary
House Speaker during this year's observ-
ance.
In the 86th Congress I cosponsored a
resolution in the House which stated that
"the Soviet Union have repeatedly
declared their determination to pursue
relentlessly their political, economic, and
ideological drive for a worldwide victory
A3871
for communism" and "in its efforts to
attain that objective through force of
arms, subversion, infiltration, and other
methods has imposed puppet Commu-
nist regimes upon the people of the cap-
tive nations of Eastern and Central
Europe and exerted tireless effort to
crush their spirit" and "that the people
of the captive nations are still. being
denied the opportunity to solve their
problems by democratic means and to
choose, through free and unfettered
elections, national governments of their
own free choice." It was this under-
standing that brought Congress to
declare, "its belief in the inalienable
right of the people of the captive nations
to live under governments of their own
choice" and "urge the restoration of the
fundamental freedoms and basic human
rights of the captive nations."
In observing Captive Nations Week this
year, we, in America, continue to rec-
ognize the human bondage of 1 billion
people in the world who are being denied
the most basic human right of self-de-
termination. Therefore it is necessary
for the free world this year to renew our
faith In the cause of freedom for the peo-
ple of the captive nations. We must con-
tinue to encourage them to resist the
Communist tyranny which rules their
destiny. These people are a deterrent
against the Communists desire for world
rule. Whatever resistance they offer will
keep the Communists off-balance in car-
rying out their plans.
In view of the Communist aggression
in southeast Asia and recent Communist
resistance to friendly gestures by our
country to ease tensions in the world,
it becomes apparent they are trying to
solidify their position to regain the con-
trol of people in captive nations who are
slowly making progress in breaking the
bonds that hold them. However these
people will not give in to complete domi-
nation by Communist tyranny if they are
certain that the free world supports
their cause in every way possible. The
moral support we offer to these people
in observing this week as a reminder to
the captive nations that we Americans
have not forgotten them, will add
strength to their determination to once
again become free people.
I am proud to join with the voices of
the free world in rededicating ourselves
in the great cause of liberty for all peo-
ples. Although this week is set aside for
this purpose, our words and deeds should
continue through out the entire year so
that we can realize a day of world free-
dom in the not too distant future.
Captive Nations Week
SPEECH
OF
HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, I con-
sider it a great privilege to be able to
join my colleagues on both; sides of the
aisle in observing Captive Nations Week.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - H U u y ~~, j 966
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in our
increasingly urbanized world it becomes
more difficult every year to find a quiet,
relaxing refuge near the centers of our
noisy,, rushing cities.' As the population
of our urban areas grows, so does the
use of land for commerce and housing.
We need to act now to protect what
recreational. land is left to us. For this
reason I am introducing H.R. 16419, a bill
that would establish a nationwide sys-
tem of scenic trails. My bill is identi-
cal to H.R. 14289, introduced April 5 by
the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. SCHMID-
HAUSER] and similar to H.R. 14222, intro-
duced March 31 by the gentleman from
,.Alaska [Mr. RIVERS].
My bill would designate the existing
Appalachian Trail as a national scenic
trail. The bill calls for a feasibility and
desirability study of 13 others that would,
I hope, become national trails. One of
these 13 would be designated the Mis-
sissippi River 'Trail. It would extend
from the mouth of the river in Louisi-
ana to its headwaters in northern
Minnesota.
Mr. Speaker, I spent an unforgettable
part of my boyhood scrambling up and
down the steep banks of the Mississippi
River in Minneapolis, near the Univer-
sity of Minnesota. Nobody who has
shared this experience, or who has
walked along the bluffs overlooking the
Mississippi, is likely to forget the mag-
nificence of the huge river. But I have
often reflected on a missing element that
would make the Mississippi even more
magnificent than it already is. The miss-
ing element is a trail.
We from Minneapolis are fortunate to
have a city of such natural beauty, with
so many lakes, parks, and recreation
areas. Yet these areas are rapidly be-
coming inadequate for the needs of our
burgeoning metropolitan area. We need
more such areas. What could make more
sense than a scenic, well-maintained
trail along the Missisippi, mightiest of
all the Nation's waterways?
The feasibility study, including costs
and benefits, would be conducted by the
Secretary of the Interior. Where lands
administered by him were involved, the
Secretary of Agriculture would partici-
pate. Assisting the Federal Government
would be both governmental and private
interstate, state and local organizations.
Recommendations from this joint study
would be made to the President.
It seems to me, Mr. Speaker, that the
people, not only of Minneapolis but of
the other 12 regions in all parts of the
United States that are included in my
bill, have an unequaled opportunity to
make use of some of our most beautiful
and historic assets-for comparatively
few dollars.
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, one of requires no less dedication than was re-
the most significant and worthwhile quired then. What excuse can we find
pieces of legislation passed by this session for doing less for today's veterans?
of the 89th Congress is the Veterans Re- The answer is clear that there is no
adjustment Benefits Act of 1966, Public excuse. Congress should take corrective
Law 89-358. But this law, called the actiop before this session ends.
cold war GI bill, contains some major ,
omissions. I
th
ese
In an effort to correct some of
omissions, I am introducing an amend-
ment, H.R. 16420. My bill is identical to
S. 3303, introduced in the other body May
3 by Senator YARBOROUGH, of Texas, and
27 of his' colleagues. The omissions were
included in H.R. 11791, which I Intro-
duced last October, but were removed
from the bill that became law March 3.
Although the 1966 law extends nu-
merous benefits to veterans who have
served since the Korean war, Mr. Speak-
er, it falls short of the Korean benefits in
these ways:
It does not include on-the-job train-
ing, on-the-farm training or flight train-
ing. Despite rising living costs, its edu-
cational assistance benefits are lower
than those of the Korean bill. It allows
only 1 day of education for each day of
active duty instead of the 11/2 days of
education for each day of active duty al-
lowed tinder the Korean bill. And it does
not include the previous provision for
payment of $1 per month per veteran-
student to schools for helping defray the
expenses of preparing and submitting re-
ports and certifications on such students.
My amendment would restore these
missing provisions to the cold war GI
bill.
All the Federal programs in our hard-
fought war on poverty stress the need
for on-the-job training. It is ridiculous
to omit this important program from the
new law. My amendment would allow,
for full-time on-the-job training, $70 a
month for a veteran with no dependents,
$85 for one dependent, and $105 for more
than one dependent. The amounts
would be scaled down after 4 months.
The total of allowance and salary could
not exceed $310 a month.
We need to do everything possible to
train qualified American farmers to cope
with the world food crisis. My amend-
ment for full-time on-the-farm training
would allow $95 a month for no depend-
ents, $110 for one dependent, and $130
for more than one. Allowances would
be scaled down after 9 months.
The United States is confronted by an
increasingly critical shortage of qualified
commercial pilots. My amendment
would pay 75 percent of tuition costs for
flight training.
Under the present law, post-Korea vet-
erans attending colleges and universities
are eligible for $100 a month allowance
if they are single, $125 if they are mar-
ried, and $150 if they have two or more
dependents. This is hardly fair, since
the allowances under the law passed for
Korean veterans in 1952 were $110, $135,
and $160. My amendment would in-
crease the allowances to their previous
levels.
Mr. Speaker, ours is a wealthier Na-
tion now than it was during the Korean
war. The military service of the 'men
and women in our Armed Forces today,
in Vietnam and other world trouble spots,
ANOI JEOPARDIZES WORLD PEACE
(Mr. OTTINGER (at the request of
Mrs. THOMAS) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am
proud to join in the bipartisan resolu-
tion sponsored by my distinguished col-
leagues, the gentlemen from New York
[Mr. REIDI and Massachusetts [Mr.
MoesE] expressing the grave concern of
the U.S. Congress over the outrageous
threats of the North Vietnamese Govern-
ment to try American airmen as war
criminals.
Two weeks ago, the North Vietnamese
Government marched American airmen
through the streets of Hanoi. This in it-
self was a violation of the rules of war
and an offense against common decency,
but Hanoi has gone even further by
threatening to try these men as "war
criminals."
This could represent a very grave turn
in the war in Vietnam. Many American
soldiers are being held as prisoners in
the north today. We are not sure of the
number, because the North Vietnamese
will not tell us. They have refused to
disclose their names, refused to let they
International Red Cross see them, and
refused to let mail or packages through
to where they are being held.
These young Americans are not war
criminals by any stretch.of the imagina-
tion. They were following the orders of
superior officers in attacking designated
military targets. They were doing their
duty for their country, just as the sol-
diers of North Vietnam are acting in ac-
cordance with their duty, as defined by
their leaders. This is the oldest tradi-
tion of war.
The rules of war specifically forbid the
trials the North Vietnamese have threat-
ened. Article 13 of the Geneva Conven-
tion, which the government of Hanoi
signed in 1957, provides that prisoners
of war should be protected against re-
prisal for acts performed in the line of.
duty.
If the North Vietnamese act-in viola-
tion of international law and in viola-
tion of the solemn covenant that they
themselves signed at Geneva scarcely 9
years ago-the gravest consequences
could result. I hope they think very
carefully indeed before taking this bar-
baric action.
At the same time, we will continue to
make sure that our allies observe the
prisoner of war conventions. In the
past, there have been disturbing reports
out of South Vietnam that Communist
prisoners have received brutal treatment
from the South Vietnamese.
In recent months, however, we are told
that the South Vietnamese are observ-
ing the prisoner of war conventions, and
allowing the Red Cross to use its good
offices to help captured soldiers.
PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO RE-
STORE MISSING PROVISIONS TO
COLD WAR GI BILL
(Mr. FRASER (at the request of Mrs.
THOMAS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
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July 21, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE 15923
long-range commitments, and is there-. struction statistics in the first quarter of multiple maturity time deposits to 5 per-
fore slow in reflecting changes,, in the 1966 is fast disappearing. cent, is an insignificant effort in correct
economic picture. As a result, new hous- The plight of the homebuilding and ing the monetary imbalance when the sit-
ing starts remained at normM levels lumber industries is inextricably con- uation demands immediate attention by
through the first 4 months following the nected with the imbalance in the money the administration, the Congress, and
Federal Reserve Board's unwarranted markets. Savings and loan associations, the Federal Reserve. We are not limited
discount rate hike of last December. which account for 44 percent of the out- to fighting the monetary crisis with
The interest rate war which is raging in standing home mortgage loans in the slingshots when we have a whole arsenal
the financial community as a direct re- country, have no money to lend to home available at our command.
sult of the Reserve Board's action first builders or home purchasers as a result Mr. Speaker last Thursday I called
showed up in the March figures. The of the drain on their deposits in recent upon the President to convene an
new housing starts have continued to months. The pattern of savings and emergency high-level conference to dis-
plunge since the March statistics were loan withdrawals, initiated last Decem- cuss the problems of money imbalance
available. her by the Federal Reserve Board"s per- and the crisis in the homebuilding and
The significance of these statistics is mission to commercial. banks to offer 51/2 lumber industries. The conference
evident when one considers that a recent percent interest on time deposits, reached would involve officials from the adm:in-
survey reports that housing contractors the level of a $1.1 billion loss to the asso- istration, Members of the Congress, the
expect a cutback of 35 percent in home ciations in April. Most savings and Governors of the Federal Reserve Board,
construction in 1966. The National As- loans cannot justify interest rates of over and representatives of the housing and
sociation of Home Builders predicts that 41/2 or 43/4 percent. In July, likewise a financial communities, and would fornlu-
the annual rate of 1.5 million new starts dividend month, similar losses are late a coordinated program using a
of December 1965 will skid to only 1.1 expected. wide variety of tools.
million new starts at the end of this year, The May figures, the most recent Unilateral action by one agency of
if financial conditions do not improve. available, show a 28-percent decline from government or another will not restore
A drop of 400,000 units in home con- a year ago in savings and loan associa- the balance to our economy. Lowering
struction means a loss of 800,000 jdbs. tion mortgage loans for home construe- of discount rates, increasing reserve re-
A drop in homebuilding of this magni- ti6n. Home purchase loans sponsored by quirements; and Open Market Commit-
tude would cost the lumber market al- the thrift institutions suffered a 12-per= tee purchases would come under the Fed-
most 5 billion board feet of sales, cent decline from the June 1965 figures. eral Reserve Board jurisdiction. Stop-
Another indicator of homebuilding, Total loan commitments by savings and page of all sales participation offerings
the pace at which building permits are loans fell from $3.1 billion in April to should be considered by the Treasury.
issued, showed a 14 percent drop in June, about $2.4 billion in June, indicating a Immediate suspension of the investment
twice as severe as a May decline. A further decline in housing later this year. tax credit, passage of an excess profits
sharp drop in permits foreshadows a Interest rate escalation in other areas tax, and restrictions on installment buy-
still greater decrease in housing starts of the financial community is hurting ing should be considered by the Congress.
for the future. Additionally, in light of the home builder and home purchaser. In the Tuesday meeting with members
the tight money situation, many of the Conventional mortgage interest rates are of the Appropriations Committee, Presi-
permits will fail to materialize as starts, now well above 6 percent. Over 55 per- dent Johnson recognized the growing
Compared with the June 1965.. totals, cent of the Nation's builders are now need for restraint in Federal expendi-
housing permits have dropped 25 percent forced to pay over 4 points for FHA tures.
from a year ago. financing on the homes they sell. I submit that a combination of these
As might be expected, the decline in On a $15,000 FHA mortgage, a home and other measures would check in-
the housing industry is most marked for will cost $1,725 more than was required flationary pressures in the economy
the middle and lower income purchasers last September in many areas of the while restoring the health of the lumber
who are bearing the brunt of the interest country. The average increase in inter- and homebuilding industries.
rate competition. est rates on 30-year mortgages of one- Mr. Speaker and Members of the Con-
Permits for new single-family dwell- half of 1 percent will cost the buyer gress, I am concerned not only as an
ings nationally fell to a 574,000 annual $1,125. The six additional points now be- advocate of the "new economics" and
rate in June from May's downward re- ing added to FHA-sponsored mortgages as a Representative of the Nation's lead-
vised 596,000 and 698,000 a year earlier. account for an extra $600. ing lumber-producing State. I am con-
Permits for units in buildings housing The high interest rate policies pursued cerned as an American. If we don't re-
five or more families are running at a by the Federal Reserve Board and verse the tight money situation and the
rate which is only 67 percent of the June adopted by the big financial interests are disastrous effect it is having in the lum-
1965 amount. Permits for units in build- threatening to destroy the opportunity her and homebuilding industries, we are
ings housing two to four families declined for homeownership to millions of threatened with a recession that will
in June to a 58,000 annual rate from a Americans. The imbalance resulting in spread to other segments 'of our economy.
May rate of 68,000; the June 1965 rate the money markets from the interest rate Once more I call upon the President to
was 85,000. competition is, in effect, forcing a reversal treat the problem before its malignancy
A further indication of the severity of of national housing policy. For the past destroys the gains of the "new
the situation is the Federal Housing Ad- generation, national policy provided an economics." Let us launch a coordinated
ministration's figures indicating their appropriate and adequate climate for fl- and imaginative effort to stabilize the
participation in the mortgage market. nancing homebuilding and for the growth unprecedented economic growth of the
Starts of new houses under FHA mort- of savings institutions which provided sixties.
gage insurance dropped to a seasonally the bulk of home construction funds.
adjusted annual rate of 121,000 from Now, by the unilateral action of One in-
May's 128,000 and April's 151,000. In stitution, the Federal Reserve Board, a (Mr. BRADEMAS (at the request of
June 1965 there were 154,000 applica- sudden reversal of this policy has taken Mrs. THOMAS) was granted permission
tions for FHA-insured mortgages, on a place. to extend his remarks at this point in
seasonally adjusted annual rate. As I have stated in two recent letters the RECORD and to include extraneous
Mr. Speaker, the evidence is now to the White House, President Johnson matter.)
clear-we are beginning a recession in must take the responsibility for imrned- [Mr. BRADEMAS' remarks will appear
the homebuilding and lumber indus- late action in this domestic crisis. The hereafter in the Appendix.]
tries-and there is no reh.son to expect administration must formulate fiscal
an improvement. Commitments made policies to combat the growing imbalance
prior to the current money market con- in the money markets and reverse the NATIONWIDE SYSTEM OF SCIENCE:
ditions have helped to sustain building disaster facing the homebuilding and TRAILS
construction to this point, but, as hous- lumber industries. (Mr. FRASER (at the request of Mr,
ing permit figures make abundantly The recent announcement by the Fed- THOMAS) was granted permission to ex-
clear, the false security of home con- , eral Reserve Board that it would limit tend his remarks at this point in the
No. 117-20
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I hope that the North Vietnamese will
not do the dangerous, desperate, thing
they are contemplating. They should
be wise enough to know that it could
exhaust the last remnant of tolerance of
the American people and foreclose the
last hope for a peaceful settlement.
LINE STRIKE
(Mr. CULVER (at the request of Mrs.
THOMAS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. OULVER. Mr. Speaker, the con-
tinuation of the present airline strike,
which is now in its 14th day, poses in-
creasing threats to the economy and
security of our Nation, and it is critical
that normal air service be resumed as
quickly as possible.
The interruption of vital transporta-
tion and communication networks
caused by the'strike has gone beyond
mere nuisance, and is particularly ser-
ious in view of the critical situation in
Vietnam. The economic interdepend-
ence of all sections of the country and all
segments of the population require the
efficient movement of personnel and
materials within the United States, yet
60 percent of all passengers and 70 per-
cent of all airmail is dependent upon the
five airlines which are not now operating.
The strike is costing an estimated $7
million a day, and total losses are al-
ready approaching the $100 million
mark.
Negotiations began in this airline labor
dispute almost a year ago, in August
1965. When no agreement could be
reached through regular channels, the
President appointed an Emergency
Mediation Board to find the facts in the
case and make recommendations for a
settlement.
On the basis of subsequent hearings,
that Board recommended an increase
which would bring wages for airline
mechanics in the coming year to .$3.64
an hour or $650 a month without over-
time-well above the wages in manu-
facturing or retail trade.
The carriers accepted the emergency
board recommendations and went above
them in offering a contract to the union.
The union, however, is holding out for
higher wages which, if granted, would
trigger an inflationary wage-price spiral
with harmful economic consequences for
all, including members of other labor
unions. At the same time, the machin-
ists are protecting themselves against
this inflation by insisting upon a one-
way escalator clause.
The International Association of
Machinists is asking for wages almost
5 times greater than the administration's
anti-inflationary guidelines, and Mr.
Walter Heller, the former Chairman of
the Council of Economic Advisers who
was instrumental in establishing these
guidelines, has called the union's de-
mands "injurious to the national inter-
est."
No one sector of the economy can be
individually blamed for present Infla-
tionary pressures. I opposed statements
by spokesmen of the administration
which could be construed as placing such
responsibility on the American farmer,
and I am equally opposed to suggestions
that the American workingman is re-
sponsible for high prices. However,
when one union makes demands as ex-
cessive as those being proposed and in-
sisted upon by the IAM, then the flood-
gate is opened wide and the economic
stability of the Nation is clearly at stake.
I have, therefore, contacted the Presi-
dent of the IAM, P. L. Siemiller, urging
him to call off the strike and return to
work so that further mediation can
proceed in a calm and reasoned manner.
I have further urged that the leadership
of the union modify its wage demands to
avoid the inflationary consequences
which would inevitably occur.
Basic responsibility to the public in
this matter rests with the union and the
airlines, and I am hopeful that they will
demonstrate the necessary industrial
statesmanship to settle the dispute
within the system of free collective bar-
gaining, so as to avoid the necessity of
forced inflationary as well as labor-man-
agement controls to protect the national
Interest and maintain a healthy and
stable_eeonomy.
I do not favor compulsory arbitration,
but some means of assuring a fair settle-
ment without damage to the public in-
terest must be found. Earlier this week,
I urged President Johnson to use his good
offices to settle the strike.
Last January, in his state of the Union
message, President Johnson told us that
he would submit recommendations to
deal with strikes which threaten irrep-
arable damage to the national interest.
Such action can no longer be delayed,
and I have urged the President to submit
his proposals now, so that the Congress
can examine the possibilities for legisla-
tion in this critical area this year.
WAGE BOARD BILL
(Mr. OLSEN of Montana (at the re-
quest of Mrs. THOMAS) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD, and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. OLSEN of Montana. Mr. Speaker,
I have today introduced a bill for the
purpose of bringing uniformity into the
method of determining rates of pay for
the so-called blue-collar workers of the
Federal Government. This uniformity
would be accomplished by the establish-
ment of a Federal Wage Board, to be
known as the Federal Departmental
Wage Board, which would develop and
maintain a uniform system of surveying
pay rates for comparable jobs in private
industry. Employee organizations would
be represented at every level of respon-
sibility in the wage determination sys-
tem proposed in this bill.
My bill represents a need for legisla-
tion of this type; a need which has come
about because of inequities in rates in
different Federal agencies. These in-
equities have been increasingly empha-
sized by the lack of uniformity which
would provide fair and equal compensa-
tion for skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled
manual positions throughout the Federal
service. It Is Impossible to remove these
inequities because each Government
agency which administers its own wage-
fixing program believes it to be the one
that is appropriate for its needs. As a
result the analysis of wage-rate data
obtained from private industry is made
on different assumptions and by varying
methods which have resulted in some in-
stances in sizable differentials in rates
for the same positions existing in dif-
ferent Government agencies.
It Is evident that if all employees, par-
ticularly within given geographic areas,
are to be equitably compensated regard-
less of the employing agency, a uniform
wage board program must be created,
and such a program must function on a
Government-wide basis.
Development of a system of fixing wage
rates for these blue-collar positions has
a long history which begins with legisla-
tion enacted in 1862 to authorize the
Navy Department to establish pay rates
for the various crafts and trades in the
navy yards. That system was based
upon the principle of fixing rates in re-
lation to the prevailing rates for com-
parable work in private industry in the
geographic area in which a navy yard
was situated. -
The responsibility of Federal depart-
ments and agencies for determining these
rates was broadened in 1955 when a con-
siderable number of these positions,
formerly subject to the Classification Act,
were required to be compensated on the
bases of administrative wage determina-
tions. During the subsequent 11 years
the inequities in wage rates for these jobs
have 'been increased so that employees
performing identical duties in dif ferent
agencies in the same geographic area
receive 50 or 60 cents an hour more or
less than their fellow employees in an-
other agency in the same area.
The bill which I have introduced would
insure uniformity in the governmental
wage-fixing procedure, first by the estab-
lishment of a Federal departmental
Wage Board composed of five members
to be appointed by the Secretary of
Labor. Two of the five members would
represent bona fide employee organiza-
tions having substantial membership in
the Federal Civil Service. Wage review
committees having an equal representa-
tion of leading Federal agencies and
labor organizations would supplement
the functioning of the Departmental
Wage Board by adjudicating appeals
from disputes referred to the wage board
for determination. These committees
would also make the final determination
of wage rates. There would also be an
Employee Advisory Committee, desig-
nated by the Secretary of Labor, which
would include members holding non-
supervisory wage board positions as well
as members representing bona fide em-
ployee organizations.
The departmental wage board would
have the paramount responsibility for
developing and maintaining a uniform
system of wage determination. In so
doing the board would prepare, with the
advice of the departments, systems for
placing positions in the proper grades,
and would develop a job evaluation plan
to determine the relative value of the
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15926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
duties, responsibilities, and qualification
requirements of each wage board posi-
tion.
Wage survey data would be obtained by
means of wage surveys conducted by the
wage board and from surveys conducted
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wage
surveys would be required to be made at
least every 12 months. Wage surveys
would ordinarily be conducted by one
survey team in each wage board district.
Each wage board district would comprise
an area sufficiently large to obtain ade-
quate wage data which would represent
large,-scale industries or conditions which
are more nearly comparable to employ-
ment in the Federal service. Each sur-
vey team is to include at least one mem-
ber. representing one or more employee
organization affected by the survey.
When each wage survey has been com-
pleted, the wage data are to be reviewed
for accuracy and then forwarded to the
wage board in Washington for suitable
analysis and to determine adjustments
which may be required in wage rate
schedules.
Wage board employees would be given
assurance of uniform application of a
differential for night work. Uniform
provision also is to be made for proper
compensation for hazardous duties in
formulating wage board determinations
and would also include uniform applica-
tion of an overtime rate of 1 I/2 times the
hourly rate for work required in excess
of 8 hours in a day. Work on a holiday
would be compensated at the rate of 21/2
times the regular hourly rates.
ALLIES OF POOR
(Mr. POOL (at the request of Mrs.
THOMAS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. POOL. Mr. Speaker, I feel it is
worthy of notation that among the hun-
dreds of communities participating in
the struggle against poverty under the
Office of Economic Opportunity, Dallas
shares in the integrity shown in a re-
cent audit that not one instance of un-
lawful use of funds by a local community
action agency in the State of Texas has
been discovered. Such a fine record is
further noted in the entire five-State
Southwest region. This is an achieve-
ment which all Texans can point to with
pride.
Furthermore, the program for legal aid
for Dallas, conducted by Southern Meth-
odist University has gained the complete
cooperation of all bar groups in the city.
Leaders of the Dallas bar, the junior
bar, and the criminal bar-in addition to
the representatives of the areas and
groups served-will participate on the
governing board of the program.
The Dallas County Community Action
Committee's board of directors is, indeed,
made up of some of the most outstanding
citizens and leaders of Dallas, which pro-
motes the record of achievement and in-
tegrity.already established.
An editorial in the Dallas Times Her-
ald recently stated the cornerstone of
the antipoverty is the development of
self-reliant individuals who can become
full-fledged participants in the good life
of America. Only as we enable deprived
citizens to have pride, hope, and dignity
can we bury the Communist agitators,
the newspaper declares.
As a member of the House Committee
on Un-American Activities Committee,
I know for a fact that a basic Communist
doctrine is appeal to the underprivileged.
Here in America, the land of plenty, we
have the resources that all may share
"the good life." While I have opposed
parts of the war on poverty because I be-
lieve that the State and local authorities
are best able to handle the problems of
the underprivileged, I must support the
theory that each and every human being
on this earth deserves to learn how to
provide for himself. It is in the interest
of all free peoples and our greatest de-
fense against Communist aggression.
The editorial referred to follows:
ALLIES OF POOR
The cornerstone of the War on Poverty Is
the development of responsible, self-reliant
individuals who, through education, training,
counseling and a helping hand, can become
full-fledged participants in the good life of
America,
It is a distortion to say, as some in our
midst do, that the War on Poverty is helping
destroy the very traits it promotes. The easy
way to attack the problem of the poor is to
give them just enough of a dole to subsist on
and hope they will go away.
The development of economic opportunity
programs is a great experiment in humani-
tarianism. One recent speaker said, "You
have to take the poverty out of the man, not
the man out of poverty." That, of course, is
exactly what the many projects under the
War on Poverty banner are trying to do.
The charge made here and there that Com-
munist agitators rather than civil rights
movements are the primary causes of riots
and unrest undoubtedly has some truth in it.
But the War on Poverty is an ally in the
war on communism. Only as we enable our
reprived citizens to have pride, hope and
dignity can we bury the Communist agitators
who offer glib solutions. Even in Russia, the
increasing pressures from the educated and
freedom-sniffing masses have brought some
softening of communism's harsh totalitarian-
ism.
NATIONAL TRAFFIC SAFETY
AGENCY
(:Mr. MACKAY (at the request of Mrs.
THOMAS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. MACKAY. Mr. Speaker, the en-
actment of the Traffic Safety Act of 1966
by this 89th Congress will bring an end to
a long period of neglectful indifference
to the daily occurrence of death, injury,
and agony experienced by the American
people of all ages, in all walks of life and
throughout our land.
Since this Congress convened on
January 9, 1965, more than 70,000 men,
women, and children have died violent
deaths in traffic accidents. The enormity
of this loss is awesome and awful.
Committee work has been completed
on four bills which deal with the three
main elements of the legislation: Federal
motor vehicle safety performance
standards; comprehensive research as to
the causes of accidents and, resulting
July 21, 1966
deaths and injuries; and grant-in-aid
programs aimed at constructing a more
uniform and safer traffic environment
throughout the Nation.
Yet unresolved is the question of what
office or agency of the National Govern-
ment will be assigned explicit responsi-
bility to properly execute the Traffic
Safety Act of 1966.
Thirty-one Members of this House and
15 Members of the Senate have sponsored
legislation which would establish a Na-
tional Traffic Safety Agency. Such an
agency would logically be provided in a
Department of Transportation. In the
event such a department is not created
then a National Traffic Safety Agency
would be appropriate in the Department
of Commerce.
The following article clearly discloses
how critically important it is that explicit
responsibility be assigned:
[From Christian Science Monitor, July 2,
1966]
STOP SIGN: TRAFFIC-SAFELY PROGRAMS IN U.S.
HOBBLED BY SHORTAGE OF DATA.
(Brian Justin Hoel)
Traffic accident research in the United
States, a basic step in coping with mounting
highway-safety problems, is menaced by dis-
organization and disagreement on methods.
This despite millions of federal, state, and
local dollars flowing into accident study and
prevention programs.
In addition, The Christian Science Monitor
has found that:
There are far too few trained safety re-
searchers;
Too few accidents are thoroughly re-
searched from all possible aspects;
Interstate and intrastate cooperation on
highway safety is seriously lagging;
Numerous states have yet to adopt even
elemenetary safety standards.
To gather this information, 112 question-
naires were sent to state, federal, and pri-
vate authorities in the field. Complete back-
ground data on accident causes, and age
groups affected was sought.
In addition, the Natiohai Safety Council,
the President's Committee for Traffic Safety,
and the United States Bureau of Public
Roads were quizzed on the safety measures
instituted across the nation.
No questionnaire was completely filled out.
Only nine questionnaires were returned with
minimal data. No fewer than 53 question-
naires were sent back blank with apologies
from the source-most pointing out the com-
plexities of accidents and the problems of
complete investigation. Fifty questionnaires
were not returned.
Almost all of the 33 states that replied
sent what data they did have--usually the
Standard Summary of Motor Vehicle Traffic
Accidents upon which the National Safety
Council bases its annual national summary.
However, Fred W. Hurd, director of Yale
University's Bureau of Highway Traffic, said
"those who are experienced in the traffic-
accident prevention field would have little
confidence in the summary."
Even the states which reported their own
findings were not satisfied with them. Vern
L. Hill, director of the Oregon Department
of Motor Vehicles, said, "So few of all traffic
accidents are investigated by police. For
that reason, we place very little credence on
the `prime causative factor' table included in
this summary.... Too much of our acci-
dent statistics are of little significance."
This dearth of information must be viewed
against rising public concern stirred by re-
cent auto-safety hearings in Washington.
COORDINATION LACKING
Just last March President Johnson intro-
duced a $760 million traffic safety bill. It
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 15913
an individual item being discussed before a
United Nations body.
The essential problem facing the United
States is to adapt existing capabilities most
realistically and effectively to serve the in-
terest of the United States in opposing and
combatting Soviet imperialism. The pro-
posed resolution, in the judgment of the De-
partment of State, would not further this
objective.
As I stated above, it is certainly true
that the United States has in the past
spoken out against Soviet repression in
the United Nations. But I believe that
more decisive action is required. In the
recent case of Rhodesia, and although I
disagreed with the policy followed by the
United States, it should be noted that
this Nation did not hesitate to join Great
Britain in advocating the use of force in
stopping oil shipments en route to Rho-
desia. This was real, decisive action on
the part of the United States of the se-
verest nature, and certainly more ex-
treme than the proposal to put the issue
of self-determination for the captive na-
tions on the United Nations agenda.
When it is remembered that the admis-
sion of the bandit regime of Red China
to the United Nations has been deemed
worthy of placement on the agenda a
number of times in the past, surely in all
fairness the captive nations should be
accorded equal treatment.
In conclusion, I believe the closing re-
marks by Dr. Malik to the students of
Seattle University in 1961 are especially
pertinent in dealing with the restoration
to the captive nations of their God-given
rights :
In your own lives trust God despite all your
frailities. He will serve you in the end.
You have seen great visions and ? you have
dreamed great dreams. I beg you to remain
faithful to the deepest you have known. In
its own day it will lead you to the rock of
certainty that can never be moved. And
when you have run your course, may it be
said of you that you overcame the powers of
darkness, and may your heart be profoundly
grateful,
BILL TO ESTABLISH NATIONAL EYE
INSTITUTE
(Mr. BOB WILSON (at the request of
Mr. McEwEN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I
think we would all agree that there are
few human ailments more catastrophic
than blindness-the inability to see. It
is for this reason that I have today in-
troduced a bill which would establish a
National Eye Institute within the Na-
tional Institutes of Health.
The passage of this bill, and the estab-
lishment of a National Eye Institute,
could well be the single most important
step ever taken in its long history to rid
mankind of this dread affliction. Its
passage will mean that Congress recog-
nizes its responsibility not only to those
who are now blind but to those who may
be born blind, or go blind, in the future.
It will mean that we do not accept loss
of vision as a calamity of nature and,
who knows, we may end it by virtually
eliminating it.
Most humans, when they stop to think,
have a horrible fear of blindness. Yet,
until or unless, their sight begins to fail,
they think seldom about it. Perhaps as
a result, there are 1 million Americans
who are functionally blind; this means
they cannot read ordinary newspaper
type even with glasses. Another 11/2 mil-
lion are blind in one eye. And in the
world at large there are 10 million people
totally blind.
Yet we have not attacked this prob-
lem thoroughly in the way made possible
by today's science. The truth is that a
recent Gallup poll showed that less than
half our people can even identify glau-
coma as an eye disease; yet more than a
million Americans over 40 have glau-
coma which can cause blindness and do
not know it. Officials report that inci-
dence of cataract among people of 60
runs nearly 60 percent. The Gallup sur-
vey showed that not one in five Ameri-
cans know what a cataract, which causes
blindness, is. Moreover, no accepted way
has yet been found to dissolve or prevent
cataracts.
This Gallup survey shows that blind-
ness ranks next to cancer as the afflic-
tion most feared by the American people,
feared above heart disease, polio and
tuberculosis upon which so much re-
search is currently being done. Add to
this, when you consider my bill, the fact
that an estimated 90 million Americans
suffer from some ocular malfunction.
And more than four-fifths of all blind-
ness in this country results from diseases
whose causes are unknown to science.
I state flatly that passage of a bill such
as I have introduced is vital to the people
of our Nation. Not to act would be to
turn our backs on those twin synonyms
for the United States of America-prog-
ress and humanity.
The text of my bill is as follows:
H.R. 16455
A bill to amend the Public Health Service
Act to provide for the establishment of a
National Eye Institute in the National
Institutes of Health.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That title
IV of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C., ch. GA, suboh. III) is amended by
adding at the end thereof the following new
part:
"PART F-NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE
"ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE
"SEC. 451. The Surgeon General is author-
ized, with the approval of the Secretary, to
establish in the Public Health Service an
institute for the conduct and support of re-
search and training relating to blinding eye
diseases and visual disorders, including re-
search and training in the special health
problems and requirements of the blind and
in the basic sciences relating to the mech-
anism of sight and visual function.
"ESTABLISHMENT OF ADVISORY COUNCIL
"SEC. 452. (a) The Surgeon General is au-
thorized, with the approval of the Secretary,
to establish an advisory council to advise,
consult with, and make recommendations to
the Surgeon General on matters relating to
the activities of the National Eye Institute.
"(b) The provisions relating to the com-
position, terms of office of members, and re-
appointment of members of advisory coun-
cils under section 432(a) shall be applicable
to the council established under this section,
except that the Surgeon General, with the
approval of the Secretary, may include on
such council established under this section
such additional ex officio members as he
deems necessary.
"(c) Upon appointment of such council,
it shall assume all or such part as the Sur-
geon General may, with the approval of the
Secretary, specify of the duties, functions,
and powers of the National Advisory Health
Council relating to the research or training
projects with which such council established
under this part is concerned and such por-
tion as the Surgeon General may specify
(with such approval) of the duties, func-
tions, and powers of any other advisory
council established under this Act relating
to such projects.
"FUNCTIONS
"SEC. 453. The Surgeon General shall,
through the National Eye Institute estab-
lished under this part, carry out the purposes
of section 301 with respect to the conduct
and support of research with respect to
blinding eye diseases and visual disorders,
including the special health problems and
requirements of the blind and the mech-
anism of sight and visual function, except
that the Surgeon General shall, with the ap-
proval of the Secretary, determine the areas
in which and the extent to which he will
carry out such purposes of section 301
through such Institute or an institute es-
tablished by or under other provisions of this
Act, or both of them, when both such insti-
tutes have functions with respect to the
same subject matter. The Surgeon General
is also authorized to provide training and
instruction and establish and maintain
traineeships and followships, in the National
Eye Institute and elsewhere in matters re-
lating to diagnosis, prevention, and treat-
ment of blinding eye diseases and visual dis-
orders with such stipends and allowances
(including travel and subsistence expenses)
for trainees apd fellows as he deems neces-
sary, and, in addition, provide for such train-
ing, instruction, and traineeships and for
such fellowships through grants to public or
other n9nprofit institutions."
ESOLUTION RELATING TO CAP-
TIVE U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL
IN VIETNAM
(Mr. BOB WILSON (at the request of
Mr. McEwEN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I
believe every American would agree that
the trial by North Vietnam of the cap-
tured American pilots would be inde-
fensible. Not only would such trials be
in violations of the Geneva Convention
of 1949, to which North Vietnam is signa-
tory, but they would violate every tenet
of human decency. The men are prison-
ers of war and are entitled to treatment
as such under terms of international law.
The only way all Americans can ex-
press themselves on this vital issue is
through the Congress of the United
States. I have, therefore, introduced the
following House Concurrent Resolution
authorizing-actually urging-the Presi-
dent to convey these views to the Com-
munist regime in North Vietnam as the
sense of the Congress. I hope the Con-
gress will act speedily on this resolution.
The text follows:
Resolved by the House of Representatives
(the Senate concurring), That it is the sense
of the Congress:
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 Judy 21, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 15915
Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, I re-
cently introduced legislation which
would limit the quantity of baseball and
softball gloves and mitts which may be
imported into the United States.
Due to the imports of baseball gloves
from Japan and other countries, the
American baseball glove manufacturing
industry finds itself in a steadily deteri-
orating position. Unless Congress enacts
legislation that would curtail such im-
ports, the industry may be forced out of
business entirely.
Until 1956, when domestic producers
were selling over 3,300,000 baseball gloves,
imports of such gloves did not appear in
any significant numbers. By 1960, how-
ever, imports accounted for 47.3 percent
of the 5 million annual consumption of
baseball gloves.
Today, these imports account for well
over 60 percent of the business, and,, if
allowed to go uncontrolled, could result
in the expiration of the American base-
ball glove industry within a few years.
Imported gloves offer comparable quality
for one-half the price of domestic gloves.
This is due to the low wages paid to
workers in foreign nations.
The U.S. Tariff Commission in 1960
initiated an investigation under the
Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951
to determine whether injury to the
American baseball glove industry had
occurred as a result of cheap imports.
On May 1, 1961, the Commission found
unanimously that imports were entering
the United States in such increased
quantities that they threatened serious
damage to the domestic glove industry.
The Commission recommended an in-
crease in the tariff from the 15 percent
then in effect up to 30 percent.
After having asked for certain supple-
mental information from the Tariff
Commission, then President John F.
Kennedy on March 19, 1962, decided not
to follow the Commission's recommenda-
tion with regard to baseball gloves,
partly because Japan, the principal sup-
plier, had recently established voluntary
quotas on exports of baseball gloves. The
voluntary annual quota established by
Japan at that time was 1,900,000 gloves.
Imports of Japanese gloves have never
been held to the 1,900,000 figure which
was promised by Japan. That nation
unilaterally increased its self-imposed
quota from 1,900,000 during the quota
year April 1, 1961, to March 31, 1962, in
various stages, to 2,500,000 in the quota
year April 1, 1965, to March 31, 1966,
without any consultation with the United
States.
The following tabulation shows how
this increase took place:
Quota-year:
Quota
Actual
1961-62
-----------
1,900,000
2,800,000
1962-63
-----------
2,100,000
3,200,000
1963-64
-----------
2,300,000
2,800,000
1964-65
-----------
2,500,000
2,700,000
1965-66
-----------
2,500,000
3,000,000
When the Tariff Commission made its
unanimous decision in 1961, foreign im-
ports amounterl to about 50 percent of
the American market, up from about
zero In 1956. Under the terms of my bill,
the , Commission would determine
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whether imports have indeed exceeded
1,900,000 units annually during the last
several years, and whether injury to the
American industry still persists.
Should the Tariff Commissionfs de-
termination be affirmative in both re-
spects, my bill would instruct the Presi-
dent to set a quota of approximately
2,300,000 units of imported baseball
gloves annually. This would amount to
about 50 percent of the present-day
sales. My bill allows for a growth fac-
tor to preserve this 50-percent share.
Congress should not stand idly by
while imports increase from year to year
until they finally destroy our domestic
industries.
The American baseball glove manu-
facturing industry was founded a cen-
tury ago. It has spent substantial sums
of money in developing the game of
baseball in America and in preserving it
as our national pastime.
Its contributions to the little leagues,
Babe Ruth Leagues, and Pcny-"Protect
Our Nation's Youth"-Leagues, together
with its aid to high schools, colleges, and
universities, have been a positive con-
tribution to the prevention of juvenile
delinquency.
Mr. Speaker, baseball is not only a
peculiarly American game, it is an
American institution. Why, then, should
not the equipment which its participants
use be American made? It is ironic in-
deed that many of the gloves used by
American baseball players, professional,
semiprofessional, and amateur, come
from 10,000 miles away, when American
HANOI SHOULD ABIDE BY ARTICLE
2 OF GENEVA CONVENTION OF 1949
(Mr. REID of New York (at the request
of Mr. McEWEN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. REID of New York. Mr. Speaker,
yesterday I introduced-along with Con-
gressman BRAD MORSE, of Massachusetts,
a concurreht resolution relating to U.S.
military personnel held captive in Viet-
nam. It is our hope that this resolution
will have the widest bipartisan support.
We have written all Members of the
House and Senate, after consultation
with the chairman and ranking minority
member of the House Committee on For-
eign Affairs, urging their consideration
of the introduction of this resolution.
It is imperative, in our judgment, to
make clear to the leaders of North Viet-
nam that the people of the United States
are united in opposition to the trial,
punishment, or execution of U.S. mili-
tary personnel held captive in Vietnam.
The Congress, as the people's repre-
sentatives, should speak now and with
one voice.
It is clear that if the North Vietnamese
regime chooses to follow the reckless
course which it reportedly is considering,
the task of achieving the just and secure
peace in Vietnam and southeast Asia-
which is the objective of the people of
the United States-will be made far more
difficult.
Mr. Speaker, it is plain from article 2
of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 that
the provisions of the conventions "shall
apply to all cases of declared war or of
any other armed conflict which may arise
between two or more of the high con-
tracting parties, even if the state of war
is not recognized by one of them."
Following the Senate's advice and
consent on July 6, 1955, the ratification
of the conventions by President Eisen-
hower on July 14, 1955, the conventions
went into force for the United States on
February 2, 1956. The Communist re-
gime of North Vietnam adhered to the
conventions on June 28. 1957.
It is clear, therefore, that our military
personnel in North Vietnam are ex-
plicity covered- by the Geneva Conven-
tions of 1949 and that North Vietnam'
has adhered to the conventions. No na-
tion including North Vietnam has re-
served the right to nullify these con-
ventions simply on the basis of accusing
military personnel of war crimes.
Hanoi's reservation to article 85 of
the conventions in no sense relieves
Hanoi of its obligations under the con-
ventions as a whole. Article 85 is the
provision which extends certain benefits
to prisoners after conviction during the
period they are sexving their sentences.
This reservation does not provide any
basis for war crimes trials of prisoners
of war and in any event does not take
effect until after a trial and conviction
in accordance with standards imposed
by the conventions.
Mr. Speaker, we are at a turning point,
and I deeply hope that Hanoi will re-
consider its projected action. Should
they proceed with the war crimes trials,
it will not only be a mockery of justice
and in clear contravention of the Geneva
Conventions of 1949, it will be a serious
step which would unite this country and
which could make more difficult the
achievement of that just and secure
peace in Vietnam and southeast Asia
which is the objective of the people of
the United States.
It is my earnest hope that the Con-
gress may act promptly and indeed
unanimously on this matter so that the
voice of the American people through the
Congress will be clearly heard in Hanoi.
Hanoi has a chance to turn back from
an inhumanitarian act and adhere to the
accepted concepts of international law
and the Geneva Conventions. Let us
hope that Hanoi will understand our'
firmness, our convicton, and our concern
for our men on tl.is vital question.
(Mr. MORSE (at the request of Mr.
MCEWEN) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MORSE'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
(Mr. CONTE (at the request of Mr.
McEWEN) was granted permission to ex-
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 15916
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 21, 1966
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, this week
America celebrates Captive Nations
Week, in accordance with Public Law
8G-90, and the proclamation of President
Dwight Eisenhower, issued in 1959. It
is the eighth time we have set aside this
third week in July to focus renewed at-
tention on the problems and plight of the
freedom-loving, God-fearing peoples
held captive behind the Iron Curtain.
And while our concern and deep sym.--
pathy for these peoples continues un-
abated, it is a fitting time to renew our
dedication to the proposition underlying
this observance-that constant reas-
surance and reaffirmation of our commit-
ment to the liberation of the captive na-
tions and the restoration of free, demo-
cratic governments.
It is true that our hopes have been
high in recent years for a greater degree
on the wind, we have hoped that greater
understanding would lead to a relaxation
of tensions, to a lowering of the barriers,
and to a restoration of the freedoms
wrested away from these people by their
Communist captors.
But our hopes have not been upheld
in the year since our last observance of
Captive Nations Week. We have indeed
had tragic reminders that the Red regime
is no more interested in freedom and
understanding, in fairplay and justice,
than it ever was.
The incident involving a young text-
book salesman from Sheffield, Mass., last
winter made this all too clear.
The callousness and insensitive treat-
ment by the Soviets of this innocent vic-
tim of his own naivete and enthusiasm,
coupled with the even more shocking
attitude of the Russian authorities fol-
lowing the still unexplained circum-
stances of the death of Newcomb Mott,
leave little doubt in anyone's mind that
no chinks have yet appeared in the stoic
armor of the Communist dictatorship
in Eastern Europe.
The repeated evidence of Communist
harrassment of religious officials and
worshipping masses in connection with
the millennium of Christianity in Poland
this year is further evidence of the en-
forced supremacy of the Red regime.
The time is not yet arrived when we
can lower our guard, when we can con-
fidently anticipate freedom and self-
determination for the people of Armenia,
Rumania, Bulgaria, Poland, Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia, and all the rest. We
must instead reaffirm our support of
these people in their quest for freedom.
We must reassure them of our friend
ship and interest. We must continue to
maintain the channels of communica-
tion and to continue to seek the means
of their liberation.
The Soviets have attempted to make
propaganda capital from our annual ob-
servance of Captive Nations Week. We
hear the shopworn bleatings of their of-
ficial spokesmen, charging the United
States with imperialism and calling us
in this body the ruling class and the
chieftains.
So be it. If I am to be called a chief-
tain in the fight to liberate all men from
the yoke of tyranny and oppression, then
I accept the title proudly. If Our policy
is one of imperialism, then it is imperial-
ism, of freedom, of liberty, and self-
determination. These alone are the
"evils" we would impose on the voiceless
masses, the disenfranchised citizens of
the captive nations. I am proud to as-
sociate myself wholeheartedly with that
kind of imperialism.
We must continue to hurl back the lies
and half truths of the Soviet propagan-
dists. We must continue to hold out the
truth and to keep open our side of the
curtain so these captive millions will
know that they are not forgotten or for-
saken. We must continue to hold up the
torch of liberty and freedom for the
whole orld to see. It is as important
toEla as it has ever been.
ASHINGTON STAR APPLAUDS THE
PRESIDENT
(Mr. O'HARA of Illinois asked and was
given permission to extend his remarks
at this point in the RECORD.)
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
the Washington Evening Star of July 13,
1966, voices high praise of President
Johnson's address to the American
Alumni Council on our responsibilities in
In his remarks, the Star says, the
President eloquently reaffirmed the coun-
try's desire to bring about a decent peace
that would benefit all of Asia,.
Despite the Russians' hard :line of late,
the newspaper says, they should be re-
ceptive to such a development-regard-
less of what Peking may say or do.
Discussing the President's speech the
Star editorially states that the President
made an excellent summation of our
desire for peace and determination to
make victory impossible for the aggres-
sors.
The Communists hold the key to peace,
the President said. They have only to
turn it. If Hanoi, Peking, and Moscow
are worse than fools.
By unanimous consent I am extend-
ing my remarks to include the Star edi-
torial in full:
HANOI HAS THE KEY
As if to counter the shrill and persistent
Chinese Communist charge that it is "collud-
ing" with the United States all over the
world, the Kremlin in recent days has been
giving voice to an increasingly hard anti-
American line.
Last week, for example, at the Bucharest
meeting of the seven-nation Warsaw Pact,
the Russians took the lead in drafting a bit-
terly worded declaration against us. It de-
nounced our country for "aggression" and
offered to send "volunteers" to fight on the
side of the Viet Cong and Ho Chi Minh's
North Vietnamese regulars. .
This now has been followed by a Moscow
announcement that there will be a step-u.p
in Soviet aid (still only vaguely defined) to
Ho's forces. There also has been an out-
cropping of rumors, presumably inspired by
the fear-promoting sector of the Kremlin's
propaganda machine, that Russian-directed
East German military forces may soon send
some fighting units to Viet Nam.
To top it all off with a touch of comic
opera, finally, we have the case of the dis-
tressed Soviet athletes. They have an-
nounced that they will not fly to Los Angeles
for a scheduled track-and-field meet. As they
have put it, in the inimitable Communist
style, "Our hatred for the American military,
who are perpetrating atrocities In Viet Nam,
and our solidarity with the people of Viet
Nam, who are fighting for their freedom and
independence, do not permit us to take part
in a match with athletes of a country from
which this aggression comes."
So what?
So the hard line against the United States
seems fashionable once again In the USSR.
There is reason to wonder, however, whether
the sound and fury of the thing really signify
very much beyond a Russian propagandistic
effort to offset Peking's accusations. What is
interesting, in any case, is that Soviet officials
are reported to believe that the Vietnamese
war has put the world on the razor's edge
of grave danger. Surely, if that is their view,
they should be interested in trying to cool
off the situation rather than heat it up;
they should wholeheartedly welcome this
week's visits of Prime Ministers Gandhi of
India and Wilson of Britain, both of whom
are anxious to promote peace in Viet Nam
by having the Kremlin join In reconvening
the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indo-China.
President Johnson, in his remarks last
night to the American Alumni Council, has
eloquently reaffirmed his desire for such ac-
tion. He wants it, and so does the country
at large, in order to bring about honest
negotiations for a decent peace that would
benefit the whole of Asia, on both sides of
the Bamboo Curtain.. The Kremlin, despite
its tough talk, should be receptive to this,
whatever Peking may say or do.
As for the Communists of Hanoi, the Pres-
ident has made things clear enough: "First,
victory for your armies is impossible... .
Second, the minute you realize that a mili-
tary victory is out of the question, and turn
from the use of force, you will find us ready
to reciprocate. We want to end the fighting
. . . We want an honorable peace. . In
your hands is the key to that peace. You
have only to turn it."
This is an excellent summation of the
matter. f Hanoi and Peking, not to mention
Moscow, all to grasp the meaning of it, they
are- e than fools.
TARY, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL
COMMITMENTS IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Kentucky [Mr. CARTER] is
recognized for 30 minutes.
(Mr. CARTER asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, recently
four Republicans were honored by selec-
tion on the group chosen to go to south-
east Asia to investigate the U.S. mili-
tary, economic and political commit-
ments, and among these four were the
Honorable HASTINGS KEITH of Massa-
chusetts; the Honorable JOHN B. ANDER-
sow of Illinois; and the Honorable ED
GURNEY of Florida.
The Honorable HASTINGS KEITH was a
Major on the G-3 staff of President
Eisenhower. He received a battle star,
the Army Commendatiofr Ribbon and
other decorations. He has both a dis-
tinguished military and legislative ca-
reer. He is now a colonel in the U.S.
Army Reserve.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 15917
The Honorable JOHN B. ANDERSON
served in the Field Artillery in World War
II. He received four battle stars and
other decorations. Certainly he was a
superior soldier. In 1952 he became a
member of the U.S. State Department's
career diplomatic service and was sta-
tioned in West Berlin for 21/2 years as an
adviser on the staff of the U.S. High
Commissioner for Germany. It should
be stated also that his legislative ability
is outstanding.
The Honorable ED GURNEY served in
the Army in, World War II as a battalion
commander in the 8th Armored Division,
and he attained the rank of lieutenant
colonel. He received the Purple Heart
and the Silver Star for heroic action
above and beyond the call of duty. He
is one of the highly decorated veterans in
Congress. He is also one of our most
effective, distinguished legislators.
Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to thank the gentleman from Ken-
tucky for his remarks. It was a pleasure
for me to serve with him on our inspec-
tion tour of Vietnam. I would like to
point out to the House that the gentle-
man served as a captain in the Medical
Corps of the 38th "Cyclone" Infantry
Division during the Second World War.
He cared for hundreds of wounded sol-
diers under enemy fire. The gentleman
is the holder of the Asiatic Pacific Cam-
paign Ribbon, the Philippines Libera-
tion Ribbon, the Bronze Star, the Com-
bat Medical Badge, and three battle
stars.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to express
my appreciation for the opportunity to
participate in the congressional tour of
Vietnam. No one can doubt that the
war in that unfortunate country is of
primary importance to all Americans. I
therefore welcomed the opportunity to
visit Vietnam and see the situation first-
hand.
However, the Republican Members feel
that we would have been much better
prepared to study the problem and would
have been able to assist the House more
meaningfully in its deliberations upon
this vital issue if we had been advised
earlier about the trip, if we had been able
to take staff assistants along with us, and
if we had been briefed about about the
war sooner. With these objections, and
the short duration of our stay, in mind,
I would like to make a few observations
about our trip.
For military purposes, there are four
distinct areas in Vietnam: The northern
coastal area, the northern and central
mountains and plains, the capital city of
Saigon and its immediate vicinity, and,
finally, the swampy Mekong Delta to the
south.
The northern coastal area is relatively
populous and accessible. With the con-
struction of the gigantic new port at Cam
Ranh Bay and the stationing of the 7th
Fleet off the shore, we have this region
pretty well in hand.
The mountainous, forested region to
the west of the coast is much more
sparsely populated. The people live in
small, isolated hamlets. Our Army has
been fairly successful in seeking out and
largely destroying the enemy, both
North Vietnamese troops and Vietcong
guerrilla forces, in this region. Our Air
Force, operating largely from bases we
have constructed along the coast, has
worked together with the aircraft as-
signed to our ground forces to provide
close-in support for our troops. This has
enabled us, literally and figuratively, to
stay on top of the enemy in this area.
In addition, the Air Force B-52's from
Guam and the Navy are playing a major
role. They are used in close-in support
and often they attack real or suspected
troop concentrations throughout the
countryside-particularly on the routes
of approach from Laos which lies to the
west.
The third region is the city of Saigon
and its immediate surroundings. Our
massive military presence and half-bil-
lion dollar aid program combine to give
us for the present at least, a relatively
tranquil city. It is impossible to root
out all Communist terrorists, but the
strong hand of Premier Ky and economic
'prosperity give this area, at the moment,
a stability which is essential to the
supply of our forces and the smooth
operation of the city's economic, politi-
cal, and social structure.
Lastly, we have the area of the Mekong
Delta, to the south. In this low lying,
swampy riceland, the enemy is much
more active, and much harder to find, fix,
and destroy. The South Vietnamese
Army has handled the bulk of the fight-
ing in the delta. As yet there are no
Americans stationed there other than
advisers. The Communists are still in
control of much of this region.
WHAT KIND OF WAR IS THIS, AND WHO IS
FIGHTING IT?
The Communists are waging two kinds
of war in Vietnam. The first is guerrilla
warfare: the hit-and-run tactics of as-
sassination, ambush, and terrorism.
Guerrilla forces are small and are con-
stantly on the move to avoid detection.
They avoid pitched battles with large
Government forces, but they will ambush, ,
harass, and set booby traps and mines fof
these forces. Guerrillas will also attack
civilian traffic and make the roads of the
country unsafe to travel.
And most tragically, guerrillas terror-
ize the people and disrupt village life by
murdering loyal village officials: teach-
ers, doctors, policemen, and mayors.
Since 1958, for example, the Communists
have methodically murdered over 14,000
village headmen. In the United States,
this would be the equivalent of losing
nearly a quarter of a million mayors and
town selectment. The object of this
slaughter is to destroy local government
so that the Communists can establish
their own authority over the people.
In the rural countryside, South Viet-
nam's villages are scattered, isolated, and
remote from the control of the central
government, If the Communists attack
after the Vietcong have been driven from
an area, ,so that the enemy cannot re-
turn. It was my impression that this
program is going well in the areas where
it has been attempted, but that it is not
yet widespread enough.
The second kind of war the Commu-
nists are waging in Vietnam is what we
read most about in the papers. During
the last year or so the Communists have
built a large, well-equipped, professional
army. They have begun to fight in regi-
ment- and battallion-sized units and to
make larger scale attacks on government
forces. North Vietnam has also been in-
filtrating units of its own regular army
into the south. The intention of the
enemy is to go beyond guerrilla opera-
tions and gather his forces for a knock-
out blow against the government.
The rapid buildup of American forces
which began in January 1965 has been
successful in defeating this Communist
strategy. The Vietcong have suffered a
series of defeats in engaging large Allied
forces. Greater American mobility and
firepower have turned the tables on the
Communists in this kind of warfare.
We sometimes hear it said that the
South Vietnamese forces lack enthusiasm
and suffer from desertions. I want to
tell you I was impressed with the morale
and fighting efficiency of these native
troops. Of every five battles fought, four
are fought by the South Vietnamese
themselves. They have taken tremen-
dous casualties and are making great
sacrifices for their country. I certainly
think they deserve the greatest praise.
I was also impressed with the morale
of our own forces. I talked with many of
our young men in the field, some of them
from this area of Massachusetts, includ-
ing Sp4c. Elliott Sylvia, of Nantucket,
These men of our Army, Navy, Air Force,
and Marines are highly motivated. They
know why they are in Vietnam, and they
are undaunted by the demonstrations
back home. They are confident of the
rightness of their cause. Their morale is
justifiably high in areas where heavy
fighting has driven out the enemy. Our
troops are also effective. They are well
trained and they know their job. They
are superbly equipped and magnificently
led. General Westmoreland is to these
troops what Eisenhower and MacArthur
were to the fighting men in World War
II.
I had an opportunity to talk also with
some of the men and commanding offi-
cers of the Fighting Tiger Division from
South Korea. These crack troops were
sent by the Korean Government to help
defend American installations and to
free United States and Vietnamese troops
for other combat missions. We watched
some of their training exercises-and,
believe me, these are some of the most
rugged and skillful fighters in the world.
OF HANOI AND HAIPHONG OIL
FACILITIES
in time, or even to call for help, since
there are no telephones or telegraphs in
these remote regions. Our task here has
been to assist the Vietnamese Govern-
ment in its pacification program. This
program, sometimes called the strategic
hamlet program, aims at fortifying the
villages against attack and setting up
self-defense teams. This must be done
All of the military and civilian per-
sonnel whom I met in Vietnam were in
favor of the bombing of oil facilities out-
side the cities of Hanoi and Haiphong.
Destruction of these storage tanks will
slow down the flow of arms by truck to
the Vietcong. No civilian areas near the
cities were hit.
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15918 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Many of us had been in favor of strik-
ing these installations as early as last
December. Bombing of truck convoys
and routes of infiltration seemed to us
a waste of effort and a needless risk of
our pilots' lives when the oil which car-
ried those trucks over the routes could
have been destroyed. I felt, therefore,
that the airstrikes were long overdue.
Here is one of the points which have
caused confusion in the public mind.
Only last May, when the press asked
Secretary McNamara if there were not
other military targets in North Vietnam
which could be hit to slow down the
enemy, he said:
There are practically no military targets
of that kind in North Vietnam.
Now, after the bombing, it is admitted
that these facilities were important. It
should be remembered that during the
6 months of hesitating, there were 15,000
American casualties and 2,500 Americans
lost their lives.
PORT FACILITIES-CAM RANH HAY
One of the most impressive parts of
my trip was our visit to the huge new
port which the Army Corps of Engineers
is building at Cam Ranh Bay north of
Saigon. Supply is half the problem of
any war. When the United States began
its massive troop buildup, it put soldiers
into Vietnam almost faster than we
could supply them. Ports were so
jammed that ships could not- unload
supplies.
Cam Ranh Bay, which a few months
ago was just a sandy beach, has now
been built into a gigantic port which can
unload 6.000 tons of cargo for our troops
every day. This facility has taken the
pressure off Saigon, which used to handle
90 percent of the country's shipping.
Cam Ranh, which was built at a cost of
$300 million, is now one of the finest
harbors in the Far East. Together with
Saigon, it can handle all of the support
supplies American troops will need.
PREDICTIONS FOR THE WAR-WE ARE WINNING
To sum up the military situation in
Vietnam, I think that we can be guard-
edly optimistic. The tide of the war has
definitely turned against the Commu-
nists, but this does not mean that all
fighting will be over soon. During the
past months, nearly everywhere that a
Communist unit has engaged an Ameri-
can unit, the Communists have been
beaten.
It is mainly against the Vietcong reg-
ular army, augmented by North Viet-
nam's experienced professional units,
however, that we have been successful.
As Ambassador Lodge told us in Saigon,
we have yet to lick the problem of ter-
rorism. We have yet to construct a net
in the provinces which can catch the
murderers, saboteurs, and arsonists who
terrorize the countryside.
To counter the total Communist threat
in Vietnam, then, two things must be
done. We must defeat the regular Viet-
cong and North Vietnamese Army forces
militarily. This is what we are now
to teach village defense, and we need bet-
ter police training in such things as
criminal identification. In the long run,
our military successes will bear fruit only
if the villages and hamlets of Vietnam
can be protected from Communist
terrorism.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE WAR
First. Military success, however, is not
our only goal. The war in Vietnam is
also being fought on an economic front.
In World War II and Korea, the problem
with the economic situation was left un-
til the war was over. Our Government
has correctly determined that the eco-
nomic battle in Vietnam must not be
left-cannot be left-until the military
battle has been won. Vietnam was ruled
by China for a thousand years. It was
controlled by the French for a hundred
years. The Vietnamese have not had
much experience running a national gov-
ernment. Where the French fought to
save a colony, we must fight to create
and save a country.
American and South Vietnamese
troops can win battle after battle and
skirmish after skirmish. But unless the
people in the cities and the villages can
look to the same national government
to provide the sound economy, stable po-
litical system and services they need,
there will be no lasting peace, no true
victory.
Second. What is being clone on the
economic front? One of the most inter-
esting and encouraging aspects is the
rural pacification and development pro-
gram. This program has been devised to
combat the lack of communication and
weak lines of. control between the na-
tional government and the villages, as I
pointed out earlier. Under this program,
which is run by the South Vietnamese
Government with our help, community
action teams of 59 men each are trained
to give out medical supplies, set up
schools, give crop-growing advice and
build defense in villages which the Viet-
cong have been forced to abandon. Two
centers for training these men have been
set up. Each center is now turning out
5,500 men every 13 weeks. These teams
seem to be quite successful in helping
develop their villages and. in helping
bring the villages closer to the national
government. As a result of their efforts,
68 percent of the country's elementary
school aged children are now in school.
The job of these teams is very impor-
tant. For the first time in their lives, the
war-weary peasants are learning that
their Government does care for them.
They have never had simple medical sup-
plies or Government help in public
health. While these services must be
provided by the South Vietnamese them-
selves, our troops have assisted wherever
they go.
These films were taken in a coastal
area of Vietnam where U.S. marines and
South Vietnamese forces had recently
driven out the Vietcong. The marines
shown here are sharing their rations and
medical supplies with the villagers.
These pills can save lives that would have
nisi terrorist apparatus. This requires a This Navy doctor, with the assistance
much greater effort in the, pacification of native translators, is treating pneu-
and development program. We need monia patients with modern techniques.
more fortified villages, more instructors This treatment is far different from the
July 21, 1966
simple native remedies which these peo-
ple have always used.
The children are usually first to ac-
cept the American doctors and corpsmen.
Frightened at first, they soon come in
droves to have their injuries treated. A
simple scratch or infection, if uncleaned
and untreated, could lead to loss of a
limb or even death.
Many people in the villages suffer from
malnutrition. Their diet often lacks the
proper nutritional elements, and this can
lead to bad teeth-or no teeth at all.
These children are orphans. They
have lost their parents to the warfare
which Vietnam has suffered for so long.
The dolls being given to these little girls
are probably the only toys they have
ever had. The simple happiness of the
child is shared by the young American
who is able to give a gift of friendship.
Soap and a bucket of clean water are
miracles to people who have never known
them. Water from a well dug by U.S.
marines-water and a little soap-can
prevent disease and promote the basic
hygiene which government programs
must eventually bring to all the people
of the countryside.
In a village which as yet has no
teacher, a marine is teaching it child to
count. A marine here is teaching a child
new words of English. These, too, are
functions which local village govern-.
ments will eventually perform, with as-
sistance and training from Saigon.
Third. Our AID mission in Vietnam is
also doing a good job. The director of
the program, Charles A. Mann, has
served 22 years as a career Foreign Serv-
ice officer. He has 842 people on his
staff. AID in Vietnam is responsible for
about $700 million appropriated by Con-
gress-$420 million of this is earmarked
for stabilizing the government and econ-
omy in newly liberated areas. It is
used for such things as medical facili-
ties and supplies, waterworks, education,
agriculture, electric power, and transpor-
tation.
Fourth. Can we improve our economic
aid program in any way? On my trip,
I noticed a serious lack of doctors. A
village may have a clinic or infirmary
staffed only by a midwife and perhaps
one or two technicians. Often, the drugs
they have to give out are labeled only in
English, a language they do not under-
stand. There are less than 1,000 doctors
for 14 million people and an even greater
shortage of medical technicians. If we
had the same percentage of doctors in
New Bedford as in Vietnam, we would
have only 7 instead of the 146 we do
have. And Vietnam is a country at war.
I suggest that we help the Vietnamese
Government set up more specialized
schools to train medical technicians to
administer first aid, dispense drugs, and
provide basic public health services, such
as water purification. We must not lag
on the economic and social front. If we
do, our efforts on the military front will
have been in vain.
CONCLUSIONS
WHEN THE WAR WILL END-THE
NEGOTIATIONS
Many people are asking when this war
will be over. They want to know when
our massive commitment in Vietnam will
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 15919
begin to show conclusive results. Will
there ever be peace in Vietnam?
My answer Is that, the main body of
the enemy's organized opposition could
be defeated within a year. Barring In-
tervention from Red China, I believe
that the Vietcong's regular army could
be completely broken up by some time
next year. I strongly doubt that the
Vietcong will ever come to the conference
table, and therefore I do not visualize
the war as necessarily ending in formal
negotiations.
As our military strength is built up
and the pacification program is. per-
fected, I believe that the Communist op-
position will dwindle and gradually fade
away. Terroism will still continue to be
a problem, and outbreaks of fighting will
still occur In some regions. But hope-
fully large-scale fighting will disappear.
Pressure for negotiations, of course,
has recently reached a very high level.
I do not believe, however, that nego-
tiations should be seen as, an easy way
out of our commitment in. Vietnam. Our
commitment is, after all, to the people of
Vietnam and in support of their efforts
to build a secure and peaceful nation.
The United States should be careful
not to negotiate a withdrawal in such
a way as to leave this young nation alone,
facing a Communist threat, weak and
disunified. If the objectives of our fight
are just, then we should be sure that we
do not sacrifice them in premature
negotiations.
The fighting now appears to be going
our way, and our massive aid program
is beginning to bear fruit in building a
sound Vietnamese nation. We must not
give up these advantages, and we must
not prematurely withdraw the vital mili-
tary support for Vietnam's nation build-
ing process. The United States has al-
ways been willing to negotiate an end
to the fighting, but our basic commit-
ment to helping the Vietnamese people
cannot be negotiated away.
Second. One thing which I think might
speed the close of this war is closer coop-
eration with our allies in southeast Asia.
Countries such as .Thailand, the Philip-
pines, Korea, New Zealand, and Australia
have not been asked to participate as
fully as they might. All of these coun-
tries have a vital interest in the Vietnam
situation and two of them have troops
fighting there. It is important to make
these nations full partners In the defense
of their part of the world.
Loose coordination among our SEATO
and other allies could bring about in our
Asian defense alliances the same kind of
disarray which now exists In the NATO
alliance in Europe. This is certainly not
the time to let relations with our Asian
allies deteriorate. This is not the time
to take major actions without proper
consultation with the allies who are sim-
ilarly involved. It would be wise for the
United States to hold regular meetings
with our SEATO allies-formal or infor-
mal-to consult on the progress of the
Vietnam war. This should be done to
prevent the loss of communication and
divergence of purpose which now plague
the NATO alliance in Europe.
Third. If all shipping by Western na-
tions to .North Vietnam were stopped,
this, too, might hasten the end of the
war. Supplies vital to the enemy effort
are now being shipped to North Vietna-
mese ports for transferral to the south
to support North Vietnamese regular
units and Vietcong terrorists. But even
our closest ally, Great Britain, persists
in allowing its merchant marine to trade
with the North. And yet Britain asked
us, and we agreed, to stop our ships from
trading with Rhodesia. I suggest that
we consider instituting a blockade. This
measure could be held in reserve as an
additional weapon should North Vietnam
persist in its campaign of aggression
against the South.
Fourth. A fourth problem which I
think is extremely Important is the image
Americans present to the people of Viet-
nam. We, have all heard talk about the
ugly American, but I am afraid not
enough is being done about the problem.
Our congressional delegation was met at
the Saigon airport by seven large
Chevrolets, enough to carry two Con-
gressmen per car. We proceeded by po-
lice escort to the Embassy-sirens
screamed and people scattered. What
sort of impression did that 'make? On
the surface, American-Soutli Vietnamese
relations appear to be very good. But
these people are' naturally extremely
polite. Do we know what they really
think of us? A large foreign military
establishment always chafes against the
native population, but are we doing as
much to relieve the situation as we can?
Should we really encourage our service-
men to mix as much as possible with the
Vietnamese civilians? One of the fore-
most values of a Vietnamese is humility.
I think our military command there
might give a little more thought to public
relations to tone down the brashness of
our image.
Fifth. Ten days was not a very long
time to study the Vietnamese war-it Is
a long and complex problem. We were
able to get a good, helpful, overall view
of the situation, but I suggest that Con-
gress return for an in depth study. This
return trip should be. made during the
congressional recess at the close of this
session and should last about 30 days.
The delegation should be provided with
Vietnamese-speaking guides and have
complete authority to travel throughout
Vietnam and study all phases of the war
effort. This new tour would enable us
to check on progress made since our trip,
as well as provide Congress with experts
and a detailed body of information to
help it In its deliberations on this ex-
tremely vital issue.
Sixth. No withdrawal. Finally-and
most importantly-my trip has con-
vinced me that there can be no with-
drawal from Vietnam. More Is involved
In this vital effort than just "face" or
prestige. At stake is the credibility of
America's word in defending her allies
against aggression. If we should fail in
Vietnam or desert our allies before the
fight is won, other nations in Asia will
cease to trust us and will be forced to live
on Red China's terms. The future of
freedom in this part of the world is in
our hands.
Some advocates of peace at any price
have argued that Red China is destined
to be the predominant power in Asia in
any case, and that the United States
should withdraw and let this natural
pattern of tyranny prevail. We know
this cannot be done. Germany was the
predominant power in Europe in 1939-
but we fought to defend freedom. Soviet
Russia was the predominant power in
Europe in 1949-but we joined with our
allies In NATO to defend freedom again.
I do not believe that this Nation-which
has fought so unselfishly before to de-
fend the cause of liberty-will let this
great cause fail in southeast Asia today.
Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr.
Speaker, as 1 of the 14 Members of Con-
gress to visit South Vietnam during the
recent congressional recess, I should like
to report some of my own observations
and perhaps offer a few conclusions con-
cerning my visit to this strategically im-
portant area of the globe. I should also
mention at the outset that before pro-
ceeding to Vietnam we had a delay of
approximately 1 day en route at the
headquarters of CINCPAC at Hickam
Field, Hawaii, where we received a com-
prehensive situation report and back-
ground briefing from the staff of Admiral
Sharp, the commander of U.S. Forces in
the Pacific as well as from senior officers
from the Important components of his
command. I was personally highly im-
pressed with the professional competence
of the military and naval personnel who
have the job of conducting the oversight
of the war from our base and headquar-
ters in Hawaii. As we will have occa-
sion to relate further on In this report,
I can best summarize their prognosis of
the war as one of cautious and carefully
restrained optimism combined with a
quiet confidence in our ability to get the
job done if we do not abandon our goals.
Here as elsewhere whenever the question
of the recent bombing of POL dumps in
the vicinity of Hanoi and Haiphong was
raised, it was the unanimous consensus
on the part of these highly trained and
highly knowledgeable senior military
men that this step was not only com-
pletely warranted from their professional
military point of view, but was indeed-,
a step that should have been taken some
time ago to thwart enemy efforts at dis-
persal of his supplies.
Our refueling stop at Clark Air Force
Base in the Philippine Islands was spent
on a tour of that base and a briefing on
the role that it plays in supporting our
war effort in Vietnam. As the headquar-
ters of the 13th Air Force, this base is an
extremely important logistical link in the
chain of supply that fuels our fighting
forces in southeast Asia. New construc-
tion work is proceeding that will enable
this base to play an even more important
role.
Perhaps one of the most poignant
hours on this trip was the hour or so
spent visiting Americans who have been
wounded in the fighting and evacuated-
very often-in a matter of just a few
hours from the battle zones. For the
most part these young lads seemed to
evince a quiet stoicism about their per-
sonal involvement in the war. One lad
expressed bitterness about draft card
burners and said they would make good
targets for the Vietcong. In most cases
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE July 21, 1966
they expressed a wish to be sent to a staggering problems because of deficien- this shortage of local officials. At this
hospital near their homes when they are ties in trained personnel. To cite just point, I have a recommendation to make
sent on for further treatment. The one example, there are only 209 civilian based on conversations which I held
stark tragedy of mutilated bodies and doctors for the whole country. We vis- with some of our own people who have
amputated limbs was a grim reminder ited a program where until recently there been in Vietnam for a number of years.
that we are paying a price in young man- was only one 220-bed hospital and only They believe that our Government has a
hood on the battlefields of Vietnam. 1 civilian doctor for 550,000 people. tendency to shift too quickly from one
Upon our arrival in Saigon we were There are a half million refugees still in program to another.
first briefed on the overall situation by temporary shelters. In , Ambassador Lodge who expressed great In agriculture 4 out of 5 AID people
w a pa
teal that other we elect ect t we tto follow absolutely
satisfaction that "we had come to see were said to be in the field and imple- a particular
r
for ourselves." He emphasized time and menting plans in strengthening agricul- program and then stick with it. For ex-1963 we again the completely unconventional na- tural co-ops and establishing means of idea ample, of back in
strategic or fortified. dr hamle ehe
ture of this war and the large role played providing agricultural credits. Indeed, in one speech delivered hamts.
not by the marching and counter- In the field of education, 6,000 class- year Indeed, the Secretary of State, made
marching of divisions and armies but by rooms have been completed in various very by t optimistic prognosis with he mdt
individual acts of terrorism, sabotage hamlets since 1962. By 1968 it is hoped to a very opo ram, and said with reepre-
and assassination, He believes that if 14 million textbooks will be available for sented this program, and said that, main-
arid as conventional warfare abates the primary grades. On the secondary level taming a solution government the trot in of main-
tempo of such terrorism will increase. the goal is 8 million texts. Last year tryside. gHowever, econtrol in the c until
He said: 1,200 elementary school teachers were we anoed that program was not long until
I can leave this Embassy and in a 3 ruin- trained. Out of 2.5 million eligible I abandoned
one of that pa am tel.
ute walk from here I can find someone who schoolchildren, 1.7 or 66 Percent are *in had one of our people in Vi etnam Celt
will kill anyone in Vietnam for $5. primary schools. Out of those se eligible the ri that it streategic was his hamlet honest program opinion o would
uld
We need to construct a fine mesh net for high school only 21 percent are in have worked if we had been consistent
to catch these saboteurs and terrorists. school or 320,000. and tenacious in our support of this par-
We do not have it now. In a recent If we needed any reassurance as to ticular approach. I realize the necessity
month, May 1966, 115 village officials the validity of our visit to Vietnam we for a certain flexibility; nevertheless
were assassinated 196 Vietcong. At press received it from the opening words of our some of our past failures can be traced
ent about 54,percent of the total popula- briefings by General Westmoreland who to the fact that we have substituted flexi-
tion is under government control, 24 per- said:
cent is under Vietcong control and con- The situation here is so complex you have bility for firmness.
trot over the balance is shifting some- to be on the scene to understand the multi- One of the extremely interesting pro-
tfines to one side, sometimes to the other, pie facets of the situation. grams which I had an opportunity to
e Chieu Hoi or open arms
When asked, when will it be over, Lodge We are faced with two'jiobs-one to program. thThis program is a s
became extremely cautious and would win a war-the other to build a nation effort to encourage and induce 3defection
only say: wherein the Vietnamese people can de- from the Vietcong. In 1965 there were
A year from now-by July of 1967, I be- fend their hard bought freedom. On the little over 11,000 defections reported. In
lieve we will be on the verge of breaking the military side, we see no foreseeable the first half of 1966 over 9,200 Quy
military back of the North Vietnamese. change in the present systems of twin or Chanhs or returnees have come in un-
parallel he said "military back." This parallel commands. Battlefield conduct der this program. While we were in
obviously to does not mean terror bac ." This and behavior of American troops has Vietnam I spent a portion of one day in
obwill oes not mean
cease. Viet-
is, been a source of great pride to General the delta region in Vinh Long Province.
I gathered, automatically favor hitting Westmoreland. He said we will need One of the Chieu Hoi camps is located
Ill gathered, personally favor of North more troops to finish the job. here, and I had an opportunity to inter-
all le e military to
git like powerplan and machine As has been said an many different oc- view some of the defectors. One young
Vietn tool factories.. He was also asked: casions the war in Vietnam is far from lad, who was only 12 years old, said that
What about a blockade? being merely a military conflict. It is he had served as a liaison man between
Well, that would involve confrontation also a struggle to build a viable nation, his village and a Vietcong. It was ob-
with the U.S.S.R. I think we can do the In many respects I feel, that our task vious to me from my questioning of him
job without a blockade. here is even more difficult than it is in the that he was motivated entirely by fear
Lodge believes one of the most emote- military sphere. South Vietnam is an for his own safety, and that he served
tent dgeases a the woofs the pacification imps underdeveloped country in every sense of the Vietcong for this reason and not be-
tant p m. Last year some the word. In the central highland region cause of any ideological attachment to
were graduated from training 26,000 cadre chaols. there are many hamlets and villages communism. i interviewed another de-
were hoped that 40,000 a 'Which remain extremely primitive. fector who said that he had been a mem-
It is hop 5 that 4 ,000 year help pro- Mere is not only a lack of any identifica- ber of the political cadre of the Vietcong. -in trai and keep -mar n t villages reclaimed tion with the national government, but When I queried him about marxism he
from Vietcong terror. also very little understanding, if any, of portrayed a total ignorance of basic
the basic fundamentals of a democratic tenets. This again indicated to me that
Deputy Ambassador Porter believes we society. I was extremely encouraged to the average Vietcong is not a hard core
are making progress on three fronts: learn that the South Vietnamese with Communist, but rather as Ambassador
First, military; second, toward repre- our urging and support are undertaking Lodge put it a simple peasant who has
sentative government based on free elec- an extensive project to remedy this sit-\_ been impressed into the service of the
tions; and third, economic development cation.
and reconstruction of the counts side. Vietcong our of fear. Indeed, I asked this
y side. the training school at Vung Tau, a particular defector why he had not
Our economic aid program for Viet- few miles southeast of Saigon 59 main sooner deserted from the Vietcong and
nam is the largest for any country in the teams are being trained to go back to returned to a village under government
world. In fiscal 1966 it amounted to their respective villages and :hamlets to control. He said that he was afraid that million.
e must two-thirds of this or $420 million shto government. basic
We were told it l is infrastructure planned if deserted to the government that his
family who who were living in a Vietcong
g
finance imports. South Vietnam to put to introduce approximately 40,000 grad- controlled village, would be killed. The
it quite bluntly is broke. AID has 842 uates of this program into the country- Chieu Hof program seems to be having
personnel in Vietnam. One-half of side during the coming year. As is well some success among these so called
them are in the field and one-half in known because of the campaign of terror "ralliers" or defectors, and it does have
Saigon. This figure obviously does not and assassination carried out by the Viet- the support and cooperation of our Gov-
Include contract personnel. Out of a cong there is a desperate scarcity of ernment.
55-billion piaster budget the United trained public administrators. The pro- In the aforementioned trip to the delta
States furnishes 33 billion or more than gram being conducted at Vung Tau car- region we were briefed rather exten-
half. The country is suffering from ries considerable promise of overcoming sively by the Province Chief, Colonel
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Diep, on the so-called revolutionary de-
velopment program being carried out in
the province in areas reclaimed from
Vietcong control. The province chief
took obvious pride In their accomplish-
ments to date in building such facilities
as schools, a water purification plant, a
village market, and so forth. The job
of reconstruction and rehabilitation of
the shattered and war-torn countryside
is a task of enormous proportions; how-
ever, I was impressed at the resiliency
demonstrated by these people who have
suffered so much during more than 20
years of war.
In this same province we also visited
a provincial hospital. I think that an-
other recommendation that I would
make relates to this area of public health.
It is my understanding that the current
U.S. AID budget and public health ac-
tivities amounts to only $27 million. In
view of the appallingly low standards of
public health and sanitation, I think we,
could well afford to increase the budget
for public health activities. I can think
of no better way to win the hearts and
minds of these people than to provide
them with the medical care they so
desperately need.
Mr. Speaker, because the economic
and social phases of the struggle now go-
ing on in South Vietnam are so im-
portant I have undertaken in the follow-
ing section of my report on my trip to
that country to summarize some of the
material that was made available to me
on some of the Agency for International
Development-AID-programs that are
being conducted in South Vietnam by
the U.S. Government:
USAID PROGRAMS IN SOUTH VIETNAM
Through the cooperation of the United
States Agency for International Develop-
ment, South Vietnam is beginning to alle-
viate many of the problems, both military
and public, which plague the country. The
USAID is working in various areas of Viet-
nam, and helping with various aspects of
the economy and helping also to build the
necessary governmental infrastructure -re-
quired in any self-governing country. From
public health and education to public safety,
the USAID is offering supplies and advice to
the Vietnamese as they themselves under-
take the tremendous task of nation-building.
The area of Public Safety, is one area with
major problems, from the top administra-
tive level all the way down to the lowest staff
position. The country has a very complex
system of law enforcement with much over-
lapping, and at the same time much spe-
cialization. There are no local law enforce-
ment agencies as such, but only the National
Police, or the Directorate General of Na-
tional Police. There are six NP Regional Di-
rectorates in addition to the Saigon Munici-
pal Police Directorate (SMPD). The Regions
are divided into Provinces, the Provinces into
Districts. In each of these divisions there is
one top administrator. The Assistant Direc-
tor of USAID for Public Safety is the chief
adviser to the Director General.
In mid-1964 there were 22,000 in the NP.
This reached 52,000 by the end of 1985. Even
so, they are still behind their goal of 72,000
by the end of this year to try to do their job
adequately.
In addition to the regular tasks assigned to
law enforcement agencies, the NP must as-
sist in counter-insurgency against the Viet
Cong. They assist the military in gathering
information on Viet Cong operations. How-
ever, because of the lack of manpower, the
NP are not able to fulfill this task effectively.
They help in the regulation of movement of
selected resources, both human and material,
and to restrict support for the Viet Cong.
Some of the specific objectives of the Public
Safety program of the USAID are: (1) to as-
sist the NP In training and equipping new
recruits, (2) to help the NP train a tactical
field force of highly-mobile, lightly-armed
units, (3) to improve records systems for the
NP, (4) to establish a country-wide system
of communications to serve the NP and other
civil security, (5) to assist the NP in train-
ing police in civil disturbance control, (6)
to help the Saigon Municipal Police, Customs
Service and Prison Rehabilitation in their
programs.
. Under this Public Safety program, the
USAID is assisting the NP materially, finan-
cially and technically to strengthen the
overall economic policy. They have fur-
nished countless weapons, vehicles and
clothes to these agencies. In addition, they
have assisted in fortifying police installations
throughout the country. USAID has under-
taken a study of regulations and procedures
of the police which should be completed in
January of 1967, and should lead to a new
code of procedures and standing orders for
the NP.
Because approximately 90 per cent of all
operations are in the field, most of the sup-
port is in this area. The USAID plans to
station a Public Safety Adviser in each
Regional Province and in each city head-
quarters. As of April of this year there was
an adviser In each of the six Regional Head-
quarters and 31 advisers in the 43 Provinces
and autonomous cities. Efforts are now be-
ing concentrated on improving office facil-
ities, which are very poor. Basic office
machines are missing, filing systems are in-
adequate and space is limited due to the
recent increase in manpower.
USAID is giving extensive aid to the Police
Field Forces with the belief that these forces
will help in the pacification of the country,
These Field Forces, or PFF, overlap the work
of the National Police and the ARVN in the
pacification of the country. It is their re-
sponsibility to defend the villages between
the time the ARVN moves out and the Na-
tional Police can move in. Often there is
a considerable time gap between these moves,
and many villages have been,terrorized by
Viet Cong during this time. The PFF are
trained in both counter-insurgency and
police work, and are., thus able to do the
jobs of both the ARVN.and the NP until
that time when the NP can safely move In.
Deployment could be described in terms
of a large ring, with th4 Viet Cong on the
outer edges, the ARVN on the middle section
and the NP in the inner area. The PFF
would occupy the overlapping area between
the ARVN and the NP. Looking at a typical
province, it is probable that in the six dis-
tricts, one would be controlled by the Viet
Cong, one by the NP and the other three
by PFF.
At present there is one training center at
Tral Mat, near Dalat, Tuyen Duc Province,
from which five companies have graduated
and six were undergoing training. The
training period is twelve weeks. The total
strength is 3,000 men, with an authorized
strength of 8,500.
The USAID has supplied 15 advisers,
though only 8 have been assigned at this
time. They have also provided arms, am-
munition, most of the equipment and some
clothing and rations to the PFF.
Besides defense of these Village-Hamlets,
the USAID is working with the NP to break
communications between the Viet Cong and
the people. Because guerrilla forces cannot
survive without the support of the people,
the NP have initiated a series of checkpoints
to seal the information leaks between the
people and the Viet Cong. They are begin-
ning a complete program of identification of
15921
Individuals and families to better cope with
this problem.
Methods for keeping records in South Viet
Nam are far outmoded, as are the present
records with which the NP are working. A
standard procedure is now being outlined
which will help the NP maintain a more
complete system of records. USAID is sup-
plying filing cabinets and other needed
equipment for this project.
Another area where there are serious prob-
lems is that of civil disturbance control.
This is handled by the Order Police, of which
there are two units of 1,000 men each. Both
are stationed in Saigon. The problem fac-
ing these units is the lack of training. Ad-
ministrators hope to initiate a program of
rotational training which will give all police-
men some training in control of civil dis-
orders.
The USAID is also assisting the Saigon
Municipal Police Directorate in building a
force. They have given many supplies to
the SMPD and are also helping with the
training program by providing men, money
and materials.
There are several branch organizations of
the National Police which the USAID is as-
sisting. In such agencies as the Harbor
Police, the Internal Affairs Division, the
Judicial Police Service and the Special Po-
lice Branch they are acting in an advisory
capacity, helping with problems of admin-
istration and operation.
USAID has also been partially responsible
for the establishment of an integrated sys-
tem of country-wide communications for all
government agencies. There is a major ef-
fort underway to support the. Village-Hamlet
Radio system with some.12,000 radios in-
volved. They have also given some $200,000
in commodities to the Prison Rehabilitation
Program.
Public health is another area where USAID
is working to help build programs adequate
for the country's needs. There are five
projects which they have undertaken to
help alleviate the trouble. MEDCAP uses
military forces to provide medical care for
civilians, with most of the assistance insur-
ing ample supplies of various drugs. Pro-
ject Vietnam allows Americans to volunteer
for a two-month service tour of the country
in which they offer aid and assistance.
There are 33 Health Service Teams in Viet-
nam at the present, with an eventual goal of
one in every province. These teams provide
medical care and health care, and help in
administering a program of public health.
In addition to these teams, there will be
nearly 100 General Duty Nurses in the coun-
try by the end of the year which will aug-
ment the nursing capabilities of the fixed
teams. Through the Logistics Program, the
USAID provides the major source of commod-
ities to the Ministry of Health.
Long range plans call for better medical
education, in which the USAID will assist
in building a Medical Science building for
the Medical School and will plan the cur-
riculum, design and faculty for nursing edu-
cation. They will also assist in paramedical
training and rehabilitation. Moreover, be-
cause of the great shortage of hospitals and
beds, a hospital construction survey will be
made to find where these shortages are most
critical. They are also initiating preventive
programs in three areas: (1) Maternal-Child
Health. (2) Communicable Diseases. (3)
Malaria.
In the area of agriculture, there are 6,300
trained workers concentrating 75 percent of
their efforts toward farmer support ac-
tivities. Through their assistance, such
programs as plant protection, rodent control
and vaccination have been accomplished-
This has increased income by VN$1.5 billion.
Nearly $258 million has been loaned to the
farmers and USAID is increasing the number
of on-board advisers from 25 to 120 in an
effort to better accomplish their goals. In
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -:HOUSE July`2 ,`?966
1986-67 they hope to initiate new land re-
forms, strengthen the credit system of Viet-
nam; encourage commercial credit; develop
the Mekong Delta area, and offer' technical.
sslstanee to assure a sound economic policy.
Perhaps the other major problem area
lies in the educational system of the coun-
try. There are numerous projects underway
to strengthen all parts of the system, from
the lowest levels to the professional schools.
Because people in the rural areas expressed
a wish for better educational facilities for
their children, the Hamlet Schools Project
was initiated in 1963. This has helped Viet-
namese ofdials to administer a developing
program of general education and to estab-
lish a broad base of literacy essential to all
facets of the country's needs.
The Southern Illinois University Project
was initiated to upgrade the level of the
elementary teachers and to modernize the
teaching system. After a 1960 survey team
observed that nearly one-third of all chil-
dren had no educational opportunity, and
that there was only one Normal school, the
project was started. The team further re-
ported that the basic aim of the educational
system had been to eliminate the majority
of students from further education, which
created an elite but small core of educated
persons. Since that time they have built
two more Normal schools and plan to in-
crease enrollment in the next few years.
The Technical-Vocational Education
Project hopes to train skilled workers, tech-
nicians and teachers to aid in economic de-
velopment. The goal is for 10,000 students
In the program. The belief is that by im-
proving the economy they can provide em-
ployment for all. They have established
Polytechnical schools in Danang, Qui Nhon,
Vinh Long and Phu Tho (Saigon), with six
more Rural Trade Schools in the planning
stage.
To upgrade the scientific skills of the
nation, the Science Project has been started.
This project concetrates at the elementary
level, realizing that few students will go on
to higher education. They have completed
38 new laboratories and 21 workshops in
science education, along with writing a new,
basic textbook.
The Higher. Education Project is attempt-
ing to eliminate the gap between what the
universities are teaching and the country's
true needs. They have picked the key facul-
ties and are concentrating on them, rather
than spreading the program over a large
number of faculties. Facilities are being
improved and expanded because they are
overcrowded due to the great increase in en-
rollment.
To improve the overall picture of the edu-
cational system the Instruction Materials
Project is atempting to rewrite many of the
textbooks and to distribute an adequate
number throughout the country. A major
problem still facing the people is the shortage
of printers in Vietnam. They are unable to
keep up with the demand for new books and
there is no other way to produce them at the
present. The project, however, has been re-
sponsible for 37 new titles of elementary texts
in 10 areas. They have shipped 6,500,000
books to the schools with the same number
in production for later delivery. They have
also made taped presentations of classes and
lectures to be distributed to the schools.
The other major goal of those upgrading
the educational system is to teach the Eng-
lish language to the people. With so much
written material available in English it is
important that these people learn the lan-
guage to take advantage of these books. It
is a known fact that much of the literature
being sent to Vietnam is not being read be-
cause so few people can translate it. Thus,
there are two programs which handle this
teaching The International Volunteer Serv-
ice works in science education as well as
English education. These volunteers teach
about 25 hours a week, more than the aver-
age for the Vietnamese teachers, and hold
special classes in the evenings for those inter-
ested. The other program, Teaching of Eng-
lish, is not only teaching the language to the
people, but is upgrading the libraries as well.
The program concentrates on specialized
groups, such as the doctors or lawyers, for
their instruction.
For all these programs, we are supplying
aid and assistance in all forms. We have
given textbooks, money, men, and many other
related materials to aid in this development.
Mr. Speaker, let me say in conclusion,
that although I returned from South
Vietnam sobered by a new realization of
the tremendous task we face in winning
a victory for decency, order, security, and
social justice in that beleaguered coun-
try, I did not come back downhearted,
defeated,, or dismayed. Unless we lose
courage we can defeat the Vietcong and
North Vietnamese militarily, This may
require additional effort. If such is
needed, we should be careful to give pri-
ority to those areas like seapower and
airpower where our strength is so over-
whelming and where the enemy is cor-
respondingly weak. We should not suf-
fer the delusion that the enemy will soon
or easily abandon his goal of a Vietnam
united by force from the North and sub-
servient to a Communist-led dictatorship
in Hanoi. We should be only too aware
of this by now. Therefore; to continue
to do as we have done in the past and as
Hanson W. Baldwin, the military expert
for the New York Times put it this week
in one of his columns-"the administra-
tion is still playing Vietnam by ear" is
not my idea of the most efficient way to
assess the enemy and the threat that he
poses.
The notes and the music have been
written for this encounter by the enemy,
and the melody is plain. 'There is no
need to read his intentions and then re-
act as if we were playing this by ear.
The President must and should let the
American people know what our total
national security expenditures and re-
quirements-and I rdfer to both men and
materiel-are going to be for the year
ahead. Let us truly make the success-
ful prosecution 9,nd completion of this
war our number one and most urgent
national priority. As long as American
boys are bleeding and dying on battle-
fields more than 10,000 miles from their
homeland, there cannot possibly be any
more pressing business on our national
agenda.
When the President has communi-
cated this message in unmistakable
terms to the American people, then they
too must rise to the occasion and with a
single mind and purpose concentrate on
the task that confronts us. The other
side thinks we are going to falter and
finally quit. I have faith that this par-
ticular enemy is just as wrong in that
assessment as he could possibly be.
[Mr. GURNEY addressed the House.
His remarks will appear hereafter in the.
Appendix.]
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous orders of the House, the gentle-
man from Massachusetts [Mr. MORSE]
is recognized for 30 minutes.
[Mr. MORSE addressed the House.
His remarks will appear hereafter in the
Appendix.]
SPECIAL ORDER VACATED
Mrs. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the special or-
der previously granted the gentleman
from California [Mr. CAMERON] for July
25, be vacated.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. 'Without
objection, it is so ordered.
There was no objection.
THE EFFECT OF THE TIGHT MONEY
SQUEEZE
(Mr. ULLMAN (at the request of Mrs.
THOMAS) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, evidently
the President has not yet awakened to
the critical nature of the tight money
situation and its effect on every com-
munity in this country. In yesterday's
press conference, President Johnson's
inadequate and evasive answer to the
excellent question posed by Sarah Mc-
Clendon of the El Paso Times on the
effects of the tight money squeeze in
housing revealed his lack of understand-
ing of the impending recession in home-
building and lumber. In his reply, the
President referred solely to the inade-
quate legislation now pending before the
Banking and Currency Committee, which
by itself will never reverse the tight
money problem.
The latest figures, available in yester-
day's press, portend a deepening crisis
in homebuilding and lumber production.
I recommend that those who dismiss
lightly my comment of last Thursday
that "we are on the verge of a lumber
and building industries recession" con-
sider carefully the June data on housing
starts and building permits. A failure
affecting the Nation's second. largest
labor force will surely multiply through-
out the economy and be felt in every
congressional district in' this country.
Housing starts are at the lowest levels
in 5 years, building permits skidded
another 14 percent since last month, and
the Federal Housing Administration's
mortgage insurance activity declined
again in June. The Commerce Depart-
ment reports that June's seasonally ad-
justed annual rate of housing starts fell
to 1,288,000 from a May rate of :1,295,000.
This followed an enormous 307,000-unit
drop in May's rate from April. There
has been a 17 percent decline from the
June 1965 pace of 1,566,000 units. The
June figures, just announced are the
lowest since May 1961.
I appreciate the difficulty of those un-
familiar with these figures in interpret-
ing their importance. In the housing
industry new construction is tabulated
in terms of a rate which, if continued
unchanged throughout the year, would
indicate the number of homes built,
rather than raw monthly totals. Fur-
ther adjustments are made for seasonal
differences. In addition, one must Con-
sider that the housing market involves
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House of Representatives
THURSDAY, JULY 21, 1966
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
God is able to provide you in abun-
dance for every good work.-2 Corinthi-
ans 9: 8.
0 God, our Father, whom we seek to
serve and to whom we look for guidance,
we bow before the altar of prayer offer-
ing unto Thee the gratitude and the loy-
alty of our hearts. We thank Thee for
this new day fresh from Thy hand with
its possibilities for great and good living.
By Thy spirit may we always be honest
and kind and forgiving: may we be gen-
erous in our criticism of others, patient
with those who criticize us and consid-
erate with those who differ from us. As
we follow Him who went about doing
good, may we also stop merely going
about and begin, like Him, to go about
doing good to all.
Through these trying times, bless Thou
our President, our beloved Speaker,
Members of Congress and all who work
with them. May the benediction of Thy
presence rest. upon us all this day and
every day. Together lead us in the paths
of unity and peace for Thy name's sake.
Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of yes-
terday.was read and approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A . message from the Senate, by Mr.
Arrington, one of its clerks, announced
that the Senate agrees to the amend-
ments of the House to a bill of the Sen-
ate of the following title: .
S.2948.'An act to set aside certain lands
in Montana for the Indians of the Confed.
crated Salish and Ifootenal Tribes of the
Flathead Reservation, Mont.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed a bill of the following
title, in which the- concurrence of the
House is requested:
S. 3523. An act to authorize the Adminis-
trator trator of the Federal Aviation Agency to un-
dertake a comprehensive study of high-speed
ground transportation to Dulles Internation-
al Airport, and for other purposes.
GLOBE-DEMOCRAT REPORTED SUB-
STANTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS BY
ANHEUSER-BUSCH OFFICIALS TO
DEMOCRATS IN 1964
'(Mrs. SULLIVAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend her re-
marks.)
Mrs, SULLIVAN, Mr. Speaker, I am
glad to see so much concern on the Re-
publican side over the fact that people
who should have been contributing to
the Democratic Party for many years
perhaps had not been contributing as
much or as often as they should.
However, when this insinuation of in-
gratitude for past favors-such as the
repeal of prohibition-is directed at Mr.
August A. Busch, Jr., and other members
of his family or executives of his firm,
I might say that we on the Democratic
side in St. Louis, and in Missouri, are
quite pleased with the support this man
has given our party ever since 1933.
I do not know what contributions, if
any, he has made'in previous years to
the Democratic National Committee, but
according tb the St. Louis Globe-Demo-
crat following the 1964 elections, a state-
ment filed in accordance with the laws
of Missouri in the office of the recorder of
deeds in St. Louis reported that Mr.
Busch contributed $5,000 and Mr. Fleish-
man $1,000 to the Johnson-Humphrey
Missouri Citizens Committee, of which
Mr. Busch was chairman and Mr. Fleish-
man was secretary. If the opposition
wants to check back over the years, it
will find many reports in Missouri of
contributions to the Democrats by the
Busch family.
Although the name in the paper's
masthead indicates it is a Democratic
paper, the Globe-Democrat Is actually
on the other side in most elections, and
vigorously supported Senator Gold-
water's candidacy in 1964. It com-
mented editorially last Friday that the
Republican charge that Anheuser-Busch
in some way bought off an antitrust suit
with $10,000 in contributions to the Pres-
ident's Club was "baseless."
If there were any substance whatso-
ever to these Insinuations and allega-
tions, then of course the Attorney Gen-
eral of the United States would deserve
to be impeached, and everyone in the
antitrust division who recommended dis-
missal of this old lawsuit be summarily
fired. I resent political slurs on decent
people.
THE AIRLINE STRIKE DRAGS ON
AND. DAMAGE TO INNOCENT VIC-
TIMS ACCUMULATES
(Mr. JONAS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, the airline
strike drags on and the damage to in-
nocent victims accumulates.
Mr. Speaker, many nonstrikers have
been thrown out of work and many busi-
nessmen are being inconvenienced and
are suffering financial losses, because of
the breakdown in transportation.
Mr. Speaker, on last Friday I sent
President Johnson a telegram calling at-
tention to these facts and urged swift
and aggressive action on his part in an
effort to get the planes flying again,
and I pledge full support of his efforts.
The distinguished Governor of the
State of North Carolina has written the
President along the same lines, urging
him to take personal action.
I was disappointed, Mr. Speaker, to
read the negative approach of the Presi-
dent to this problem in his press confer-
ence yesterday. The President stated
that he was encouraging the parties to
continue bargaining. He did not. an-
nounce any intention of calling the bar-
gainers to the White House to impress
upon them that the national interest has
become affected.
Mr. Speaker, it is difficult to under-
stand the lack of action on the part of
the President. of the United States, since
in his state of the Union message he
promised to deal effectively with "strikes
which threaten irreparable damage to
the national interest."
Legislation to . deal effectively with
such strikes has been Introduced by our
distinguished colleague, the gentleman
from Ohio [Mr. DEvxuzl, and if the
President will use his influence, and if he
will send the Postmaster General and
others up here to urge affirmative action,
as has happened frequently this year on
other bills, I think we could move that
legislation through the Congress but not
in time to stop the damage from
accumulating.
Mr. Speaker, I believe only determined
action by the President in the use of his
well-known persuasive powers can Ac-
complish this, and I most respectfully
urge Trim to take that action.
ORTHCOMING ELECTIONS IN
VIETNAM
(Mr. TODD asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. TODD. Mr. Speaker, many of us
are concerned that the forthcoming elec-
tions in Vietnam be credible, and that
once they have taken place, charges of
corruption, bias, or rigging will be with-
out standing in the international com-
munity, as well as in Vietnam and in the
United States.
Ambassador Bunker and the interim
Government of the Dominican Republic
have achieved a miracle by holding free
and fair elections, which have been ac-
cepted both by the people of that nation
and by the community of nations as an
accurate expression of the popular will.
The same credibility must attach to
the elections in Vietnam, or they will
reduce and not Increase the possibility
of an early settlement of the conflict.
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duly 21, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
I am sorry that the United Nations
ha,s not been able to accept Premier Ky's
request that observers be sent. So we
must encourage other alternatives: The
use of the International Control Com-
mission, or a group from independent
and preferably Asian nations as ob-
servers. These observers should not only
report on the voting, but they should re-
port on the ground rules before the elec-
tions are held. And time is running out.
I hope that prompt action can be taken.
Unless we know both that the rules by
which candidates are placed on the ballot
and are allowed to campaign permit full
expression of differing positions and
points of view, and that the ballots will
be counted accurately, we will have failed
to achieve a most important objective
on the road toward peace.
THE AIRLINES STRIKE
(Mr. DORM asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr: DORN. Mr. Speaker, tens of
thousands of words condemning the air-
lines strike have sounded through these.
Halls of Congress the past 2 weeks and
have filled up page after page of the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
The time for words of protest are gone.
I call for legislation.
The President has done everything
within his power to settle the airlines
strike. He appointed an Emergency
Board composed of Senator WAYNE
MORSE, Dick Neustadt, of Harvard, and
David Ginsburg, a Washington attorney.
The parties to the dispute had full op-
portunity to present their cases. The
Board considered all the evidence pre-
sented, a record of 2,000 pages, and came
up with a generous recommendation.
The President then publicly urged the
parties to come to agreement on the
basis of the Board's report, which he said
formed the framework for a just and
prompt settlement.
He directed Secretary Wirtz and As-
sistant Secretary Reynolds to work
around the clock to obtain a settlement
within the 30-day cooling off period by
law.
The airlines, acting perhaps without
enthusiasm but nevertheless with com-
plete sincerity, accepted the Board's
recommendations. The union continues
to refuse to do so. The Board's recom-
mendations represent a tidy little $76
million package for the union. The
union leadership remains immovable
from its original position, leaning its full
weight on its original $117 million
package.
The President took every action avail-
able to him, through all departments of
the Federal Government, to reduce the
inconvenience to the public, to assure the
naitonal security, and to minimize the
delay in delivering the mail.
Today, the President of the mightiest
Nation in the world stands powerless in
a situation that can best be described
as a creeping economic paralysis. He has
no tools left to deal with this situation.
He has no further power available except
the power of persuasion, and It should
be apparent to all of us that he is faced
with men who are listening to other
voices.
It is up to us, now, to provide the
President with additional tools, tools with
a diamond cutting edge, designed to oper-
ate swiftly and effectively in this one
specific situation. The matter now rests
with us.
INJUSTICES IN VETERANS' READ-
JUSTMENT ASSISTANCE ACT OF
1966
(Mr. SAYLOR asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point.)
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, today I
am introducing legislation that is needed
to remove the serious injustices that have
become apparent since the Veterans' Re-
adjustment Assistance Act of 1966 be-
came effective last June 1. At that time,
I explained to the House that a number
of flaws in that act would have to be
eliminated in fairness to those who
served in the uniform of our country.
? fy bill, the Veterans' Fair Treatment
Amendments Act of 1966, provides an in-
crease in allowances for veterans in col-
lege or participating in job, farm, or
flight training programs to levels now
available to war orphans in similar pro-
grams. Under present law, the war
orphan receives $30 per month more
than the veteran, a discrepancy that ob-
viously cannot be justified. It is illogical
to expect living expenses of older vet-
erans to be less than those of high school
graduates receiving war orphans' allow-
ances.
My proposal Is also designed to
broaden educational assistance to in-
clude children of veterans having serv-
ice-connected disabilities of 50 percent or
more. Surviving children of veterans so
rated at time of death would also be
eligible.
In addition, this legislation will com-
pensate veterans who obtained their ed-
ucation before the current program be-
came effective. Many veterans, rather
than wait for Congress to act, went to
college on their own initiative and often
on borrowed money. To exclude them
from the benefits of the GI bill penalizes
them unfairly, and corrective action on
the part of Congress is mandatory.
Mr. Speaker, I urge that my bill be
given the highest priority at this ses-
sion. Congress must keep faith with our
veterans. It is on this premise that I
have introduced the Veterans Fair
Treatment Amendments of 1966.
COMMITTEE ON HOUSE
ADMINISTRATION
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent thq,t the Subcom-
mittee on Elections of the Com-
mittee on House Administration may sit
during general debate today.
The SPEAKER. Without objection, it
Is so ordered.
There was no objection.
15877
STRIKING OF MEDALS TO COM-
MEMORATE THE 1,000TH ANNI-
VERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF
POLAND
Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's desk the bill (H.R. 139) to pro-
vide for the striking of medals to com-
memorate the 1,000th anniversary of the
founding of Poland, with a Senate
amendment thereto, and concur in the
Senate amendment.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The Clerk read the Senate amend-
ment, as follows:
Page 2, line 12, strike out "1966" and In-
sert "1967".
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentlewoman from
Missouri?
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object, I assume that the
bill calls for no expenditure of money?
Mrs. SULLIVAN. No, that is perfectly
correct. These medals will be struck at
no cost whatsoever to the Treasury.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentlewoman from
Missouri?
There was no objection.
The Senate amendment was concurred
in.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
FACILITIES FOR VISITORS TO THE
NATION'S CAPITOL
Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that the Committee of the
Whole House on the State of the Union
be discharged from further considera-
tion of the bill (H.R. 14604) to authorize
the Architect of the Capitol to, remodel
the existing structure of the U.S. Botanic
Garden for use as a visitors' center, and
I ask unanimous consent for its im-
mediate consideration.
The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report
the title of the bill.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from 1111-
nois.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object, in view of the Presi-
dent's statements of recent date, his al-
leged concern about expenditures of the
Government, and in view of the potential
cost, I am of the opinion that this pro-
posal ought to have more discussion than
can reasonably be given it under unani-
mous consent an the House floor today.
Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I object to
-consideration of the bill under unani-
mous-consent procedure.
The SPEAKER. Objection is heard.
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, AND
MAINTENANCE OF THE TUALATIN
RECLAMATION PROJECT, OREGON
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's desk the bill S. 254, to author-
ize the Secretary of the Interior to con-
struct, operate, and maintain the Tuala-
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 15878
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 21, 196
tin Federal reclamation project, Oregon,
and for other purposes, with House
amendment thereto, insist on the House
amendment, and agree to the conference
requested by the Senate.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Colo-
rado? The Chair hears none and ap-
points the following conferees; Messrs.
ASPINALL, ROGERS of Texas, and SAYLOR.
SMALL RECLAMATION
ACT, 1956
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I call
up the conference report on the bill
S. 602 to amend the Small Reclamation
Projects Act of 1956, and ask unanimous
consent that the statement of the man-
agers on the part of the House be read
in lieu of the report.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Colo
rado?
There was no objection.
The Clerk read the statement.
(For conference report and statement,
see proceedings of the House of June 16,
1966.)
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I make the
point of order that a quorum is not
present.
The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum
is not present.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a
call of the House.
A call of the House was ordered.
The Clerk called the roll, and the fol-
lowing Members failed to answer to their
names:
[Roll No. 1721
Anderson, Ill.
Farnsley
Murray
Andrews,
Flynt
Nedzi
N. Dak.
Fraser
O'Hara, Mich.
Arends
Frelinghuysen
Pepper
Ashbrook
Gathings
Pike
Baring
Goodell
Powell
Beckworth
Green, Oreg.
Race
Boggs
Griffiths
Redlin
Burton, Calif.
Grover
Reid, N.Y.
Cabell
Hagan, Ga.
Rivers, Alaska
Cahill
Hansen, Wash.
Roberts
Celler
Hebert
Roncallo
Chelf
Henderson
St Germain
Clark
Hungate
St. Onge
Conyers
Irwin
Scott
Corbett
Keith
Senner
Craley
King, N.Y.
Stephens
Dague
King, Utah
Sweeney
Dawson
Leggett
Toll
Delaney
Long, La.
Tuten
Diggs
Mackie
Udall
Dwyer
Martin, Ala.
Watkins
Edwards, La.
Miller
White, Idaho
Ellsworth
Mills
Willis
Evans. Colo.
Mink
Wilson,
Everett
Moeller
Charles H.
Evans, Tenn.
Monagan
Farbstein
Morrison
The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 352
Members have answered to their names,
a quorum.
By unanimous consent, further pro-
ceedings under the call were dispensed
with.
The SPEAKER. The gentleman from
Colorado [Mr. ASPINALLI is recognized
for 1 hour.
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr.
myself 20 minutes.
(Mr. ASPINALL asked and was given time, to the' Watershed Protection and
pro-
m
marks.) permission to revise and extend his re- viFlood Prevention de for the Eastern Act ther purposes
marks)
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, the sought by enactment of the Small Recla-
conference report on S. 602 provides for mation Projects Act. The amendment
continuing a very successful small water to the Watershed Act was subsequently
projects program which was initiated 10 passed and both programs have been in
years ago. The purpose of this program operation since 1956.
is to encourage State and local partici- The Small Reclamation Projects Act
pation in the development and rehabili- was amended in the 85th Congress by the
tation of small water projects primarily act of June 5, 1957-71 Stat. 48. How-
for Irrigation. The Federal Government ever, this amendment did not involve the
assists such undertakings by providing matter of extending the act to the East-
loans to the States or to local public ern States.
agencies. The local agencies retain full H.R. 4851, the companion bill to S.
responsibility for the planning, construe- 602, to amend the Small Reclamation
tion, and operation of these small proj- Projects Act was introduced on Febru-
(cts ary 11, 1965. As introduced it was ap-
Mr. Speaker, on April 27, 1955, Repre- plicable only to the western reclamation
sentative Engle introduced H.R. 5881 States and to Hawaii. Hearings were
which would authorize the Secretary of held on June 25, 1965, and subcommittee
the Interior to provide Federal assistance markup sessions were held on August
in the development of reclamation proj- 2 and August 19. The bill was reported
ects by non-Federal organizations in all to the House on August 25 with an
waii amendment extending the coverage of
f H
i
a
es o
48 States and the Territor
and Alaska.
As reported out of committee on May
4, 1955, H.R. 5881 would have retained
the authorization of the Secretary of the
Interior to furnish such assistance in all
48 States and the Territories of Hawaii
and Alaska.
H.R. 5881 was considered on the floor
of the House on May 26, 1955, and
amended to provide that the Secretary
of the Interior would furnish assistance
under the bill in the 17 western reclama-
tion States, and that the Secretary of
Agriculture would furnish the assistance
authorized by the bill In the 31 Eastern
States and Hawaii and Alaska- CON-
GRESSIONAL RECORD, 84th Congress 1st
session, page 6105. The bill passed the
House as so amended-CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD, 84th Congress, 1st session, page
6107.
The Senate versionof this bill, S. 2442,
introduced by Senator ANDERSON on July
11, 1955, contained two titles. Title I
pertained to the 17 western reclamation
States and authorized -assistance to be
furnished thereunder by the Secretary
of the Interior. Title II pertained to the
31 Eastern States and the Territories of
Hawaii and Alaska and authorized as- Second, size of project: The size of
sistance to be furnished thereunder by nrnir et. permitted in the House-passed
the Secretary of Agriculture, bill was $5 million on the basis of 1956
In the Senate, S. 2442 was substituted costs, adjusted to reflect changes in the
for the bill passed by the House, and in costs of construction. It is estimated
this form it was passed by the Senate that the House language would have per-
on July 28,-1955. - mitted assistance to projects costing
The -conference committee eliminated about $6.5 million at the present time.
title II and both Houses subsequently The Senate-passed bill would have per-
passed the conference bill which was mitted assistance to projects costing $7.5
limited to the 17 western reclamation million. The conference committee
States with assistance thereunder to be adopted a project cost figure of $6.5 mil-
furnished by the Secretary of the In- lion without any provision for adjust-
terior. The conference report was filed ment;
in the House on May 23, 1956, agreed to Third, interest rate: The interest rate
by the House on June 13, 1956, by the formula in the House-passed bill was
Senate on July 20, 1956, and approved based upon yield while the formula in
on August 6, 1956. the Senate-passed bill was based on
The statement of managers on the coupon rates. The House receded and
part of the House indicates that the the conference committee agreed to the
agreement in conference to limit the formula in the Senate-passed bill. This
program to the 17 western. reclamation is the same formula which has been
States was based - on an amendment, adopted by the Congress in recent years
pending before the Congress at that for most Federal water project programs;
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the act to the entire United States.
On September 7, 1965, under suspen-
sion of rules procedure, H.R. 4851 passed
the House without any floor amend-
ments. This action was subsequently
vacated and S. 602 was passed with the
House language. The matter of extend-
ing the program to the entire United
States was discussed during floor consid-
eration of September 7.
On September 16, 1965, the Senate ob-
jected to the` House amendments and
asked for a conference on S. 602. On
May 2, 1966, House conferees were ap-
pointed and the conference committee
meeting was held on June 2, 1966, in
which agreement was reached oil the leg-
islation including extension of the pro-
gram to the entire United States.
Mr. Speaker, the major differences be-
tween Houseand Senate versions of S.
602 are as follows:
First, coverage: Language in the
House-passed bill made the small recla-
mation projects program applicable
throughout the United States; There
was no comparable provision in the Sen-
ate-passed bill. In the conference com-
mittee meeting, the Senate receded and
 July 21, 1966
Approv
Rf~Mb$M5ffl~M]gIB-InW0446R000400090007-2 15841
CONC
thing for themselves-or at least not under
the benign thumb of the United States.
WAYNE MORSE.
TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE
BUSINESS
By unanimous consent, the following
routine business was transacted:
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
The following reports of committees
were submitted:
By Mr. ERVIN, from the Committee on the
Judiciary, with amendments:
H.R. 10104: An act to enact title 5, United
States Code, "Government Organization and
Employees", codifying the general and
permanent laws relating to the organization
of the Government of the United States and
to its civilian officers and employees (Rept.
No. 1380).
By Mr. EASTLAND, from the Committee
on the Judiciary, without amendment:
S. 849. A bill for the relief of Arminda
1390);
No
Viseu (Rept
d
P
.
.
ua
a
S. 2010. A bill for the relief of Fun Wat
Hoy (Rept. No. 1389) ;
S. 2770. A bill to control the use of the
design of the great seal of the United States
and of the seal of the President of the United
States (Rept. No. 1396) ;
H.R. 1407. An act for the relief of Leonardo
Russo (Rept. No. 1388) ;
H.R. 1414. An act for the relief of Jacobo
Terel (Rept. No. 1387);
H.R.4083. An act for the relief of Mr.
Leonardo Tusa (Rept. No. 1386) ;
H.R.4437. An act for the relief of Bryan
George Simpson (Rept. No. 1385);
H.R.4458. An act for the relief of Michel
Fahim Daniel (Rapt. No. l&34):
H.R.4584. An act for the relief of Mrs.
Anna Michalska Holoweckyj (formerly Mrs.
Anna Zalewski) (Rept. No. 1383);
H.R. 7508. An act for the relief of Guiseppe
Bossio (Rept. No. 1382) ; and
H.R.11718. An act for the relief of Jack
L. Philippot (Rapt. No. 1381).
By Mr. EASTLAND, from the Committee on
the Judiciary, with an amendment:
H.R. 10220. An act for the relief of Abdul
Wohabo (Rept. No. 1391).
By Mr. EASTLAND, from the Committee on
ents:
d
m
the Judiciary, with amen
S. 3272. A bill for the relief of Dr. Jacobo Irving L. Goldberg, of Texas, to be U.S.
Albo (Rept. No. 1392). circuit judge, fifth circuit;
By Mr. BURDICK, from the Committee on beRoSe t A. Ainsworth, Jr., of Louisiana, to
the Judiciary, without amendment:
H.R.4602. An act for the relief of Maj. John C. Godbold, of Alabama, to be U.S.
Donald - W. Ottaway, U.S. Air Force (Rept. circuit judge, fifth Taylor, Jr., of Texas, to be
No. 1394) ; and
H.R. 8865. An act for the relief of Ronald U.S. district judge for the northern district
Poirier, a minor (Rept. No. 1393). of Texas;
By Mr. TYDINGS, from the Committee on Jack Roberts, of Texas, to be U.S. district
the Judiciary, without amendment: judge for the western district of Texas;
H.R.8317. An act to amend section 116 of and
John V. Singleton, Jr., of Texas, to be U.S.
U.S. title 28, District Co o Uniteurt for States the Eastern Code, an ten and to West- the district judge for the southern district of
U Texas.
ern Districts of Oklahoma (Rapt. No. 1395). By Mr. EASTLAND (for Mr. SMATHERS),
By Mr. BAYH, from the Committee on the from the Committee on the Judiciary:
Judiciary, with amendments: C. Clyde Atkins, of Florida, to be U.S. dis-
H.R. 2681. An act for the relief of Shirley trict judge for the southern district of Flor-
Shapiro (Rapt. No. 1397). ida.
By Mr. LONG of Missouri, from the Com- By Mr. HRUSKA, from the Committee on
mittee on the Judiciary, with an amend- the Judiciary:
ment: Donald P. Lay, of Nebraska, to be U.S. cir-
S. 3051. A bill granting the consent of Con- cult judge, 4Aeighth STOREircuit. the Joint Commit-
Kansas to the compact between Missouri and Atomic OR
Kansas creating the Kansas City Area Trans- tee on Energy:
portation District and the Kansas City Area Samuel M. Nabrit, of Texas, to be a mem-
Transportation Authority (Rept. No. 1398). her of the Atomic Energy Commission.
V 1
EXPRESSION OF SENSE OF THE
SENATE RELATING TO U.S. MILI-
TARY PERSONNEL HELD CAPTIVE
IN VIETNAM
Mr. TOWER submitted the following
concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 102)
which was referred to the Committee on
Armed Services:
S. CON. RES. 102
Resolved by the Senate (the House of
Representatives concurring), That it is the
sense of the Congress:
(a) that all United States military per-
sonnel held captive in Vietnam are prisoners
of war entitled to all the benefits of the
Geneva Conventions of 1949;
(b) that the trial, punishment or execu-
tion of any such personnel by the Commu-
nist regime in North Vietnam would be
contrary to the Geneva Conventions of 1949,
accepted concepts of interntaional law and
standards of international behavior;
(c) that any such action undertaken by
the Communist regime in North Vietnam in
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TO AUTHORIZE PRINTING OF RE-
PORT ON AUTOMOTIVE AIR POL-
LUTION-REPORT OF A COMMIT-
TEE
Mr. RANDOLPH, from the Committee
on Public Works, reported the following
original resolution (S. Res. 285) ; which,
under the rule, was referred to the Com-
mittee on Rules and Administration:
Resolved, That there be printed as a Sen-
ate document the fourth',semiannual report
of the Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare, on the problem of air pollution
caused by motor vehicles and measures taken
toward its alleviation, dated June 23, 1966,
in compliance with Public Law 88-206, The
Clean Air Act, as amended by Public Law
89-272.
SEC. 2. There shall be printed two thou-
sand five hundred additional copies of such
document for the use of the Committee on
Public Works.
By Mr. JACKSON, from the Joint Commit-'
+tee on Atomic Energy:
Wilfrid E. Johnson, of Washington, to be
a member of the Atomic Energy Commis,
Sion.
ADDITIONAL BILLS AND JOINT
RESOLUTION INTRODUCED
The following additional bills and a
joint resolution were introduced, read
the first time, and, by unanimous con-
sent, the second time, and referred as
follows:
By Mr. TYDINGS:
S. 3633. A bill for the relief of Nell B.
Poole; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
By Mr. McGOVERN:
S. 3634. A bill to promote rail-highway
safety by requiring light reflecting markings
on railroad locomotives and cars; to the Com-
mittee on Commerce.
(See the remarks of Mr. MCGOVERN when
he introduced the above bill, which appear
under a separate heading.)
By Mr. NELSON:
S. 3635. A bill for the relief of Nikolaos G.
Kalaras; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
By Mr. ALLOTT (for himself, Mr.
DOMINICK, Mr. BENNETT, and Mr.
SIMPSON):
S. 3636. A bill to establish a national min-
ing and minerals policy; to the Committee
on Interior and Insular Affairs.
By Mr. BREWSTER:
S. 3637. A bill for the relief of Dr. Bam-
bran Aravind Adyanthaya; to the Committee
on the Judiciary.
By Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts:
S. 3638. A bill to assist nonprofit corpora-
tions in the provision of specific projects for
cultural centers and to remove certain re-
strictions and limitations on similar assist-
ance to municipalities, other political sub-
divisions and instrumentalities of one or
more States, and Indian tribes; to the Com-
mittee on Banking and Currency.
(See the remarks of Mr. KENNEDY of Massa-
chusetts when he introduced the above bill,
which appear under a separate heading.)'
- By Mr. ELLENDER (by request) :
S.J. Res. 178. Joint resolution to delete the
interest rate limitation on debentures issued
by Federal intermediate credit banks; to the
Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.
EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF
COMMITTEES
As in executive session,
The following favorable reports of
nominations were submitted:
By Mr. EASTLAND, from the Committee
on the Judiciary:
Vance W. Collins, of Kansas, to be U.S.
marshal for the district of Kansas;
Leo A. Mault, of New Jersey, to be U.S.
marshal for the district of New Jersey;
Lloyd P. LaFountain, of Maine, to be U.S.
attorney for the district of Maine;
John W. Peck,' of Ohio, to be U.S. circuit
judge, sixth circuit;
Ben Hardeman, of Alabama, to be U.S.
attorney for the middle district of Alabama;
Jesse L. Dobbs, of Texas, to be U.S. marshal
for the western district of Texas;
Joseph P. Kinneary, of Ohio, to be U.S.
district judge for the southern district of
Ohio;
Jackie V. Robertson, of Oklahoma, to be
U.S. marshal for the eastern district of Okla-
homa;
Woodrow B. Seals, of Texas, to be U.S.
district judge for the southern district of
Texas;
 15842
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 21, 1966
regard to United States military personnel
would be an inhumanitarian ,act and a repre-
hensible offense against the peoples of the
world;
(d) that the trial, punishment or execu-
tion of such United States personnel by the
Communist regime in North Vietnam would
seriously diminish the opportunity for the
achievement of a just and secure peace in
Vietnam and Southeast Asia, which is the
objective of the people of the United States.
SEC. 2. The President of the Untied States
is hereby requested to convey the sense of the
Congress expressed in this resolution to the
Communist regime in North Vietnam, to the
participating states of the Geneva Confer-
ences of 1954 and 1962, to the states adhering
to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, and to the
member states of the United Nations.
RESOLUTION
TO AUTHORIZE PRINTING OF RE-
PORT ON AUTOMOTIVE AIR POL-
Mr. RANDOLPH, from the Committee
on Public Works, reported an original
resolution (S. Res. 285) to authorize the
printing of report on automotive air pol-
lution, which, under the rule, was re-
(See the above resolution printed in
full when reported by Mr. RANDOLPH.,
which appears under the heading "Re-
ports of Committees".)
been killed and 1,419 injured.. Most of
these accidents occur at night, when cars
strike moving trains. Often they involve
unlit railroad cars, particularly freight
cars.
Several years ago at a dark railroad
crossing in Indiana my family and I nar-
rowly missed death when the car in
which we were riding barely avoided
striking the side of an unmarked, unlit
freight train. I can assure my colleagues
that it was a terrifying experience.
I am firmly convinced that many lives
would be saved by using reflective paint
on unlit railroad cars to make this equip-
ment more readily visible at night, thus
eliminating the hazards of motor vehi-
cles striking the sides of frelaht oars
area. No shiny part to reflect my own lights.
Fortunately I was able to stop, with not
too much to go on.
If every car which made up that train
had been marked with a large X, made with
reflector paint, I would have been warned
at least a quarter of a mile away. l: believe
a federal regulation, requiring all freight
cars to be marked with reflector paint will
save more lives on our highways than any
other regulation which might be passed.
I hope you will give this suggestion
thoughtful consideration, and that you will
start action through the proper channels
to bring about reflector paint identification
markings on all railroad cars that are not
otherwise lighted, such as passenger coaches.
Sincerely yours,
SAMUEL CARLSEN.
moving over rail-highway grade cross- INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION,
Ings. I have discussed this idea with the Washington, D.C., May 27,13cs.
Hon. GEORGE McGovERN,
Interstate Commerce Commission and U.S. Senate,
they believe it has merit. Washington, D.C.
The bill which I am introducing is a DEAR SENATOR MCGOVERN: This has refer-
very simple one. It provides the Inter- ence to your communication of May 25, 1966,
state Commerce, Commission with the enclosing a letter from Reverend Samuel
authority to establish such orders as may Carlsen of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, sug-
be necessary to require each railroad car- us ing g that many lives railroad freight cars
rier to place, prior to such date as is make this equipment more readily visible
established in such orders, on all of its at night, and thus eliminate the hazards of
locomotives and cars in service such motor vehicles striking the sides of freight
light-reflecting paint or other reflector trains or cars moving over rail-highway grade
markings as the Commission determines crossings. Reectorized materials or paints
to be e best best suited to promote safety at have been successfully used in highway signs
rail -highway and markers for a considerable period of
crossings. These orders time. Congress, several times in the past,
shall also require proper maintenance of has evinced interest in bills which would
h
suc
markings and installation of such require reflectors or reflectorized markings
PROPOSAL TO ELIMINATE NEED- markings on locomotives and cars placed on the sides of railroad cars, but took no ac-
LESS RAIL-HIGHWAY GRADE- in service after such date. tion on any of the proposed measures. Per-
CROSSING ACCIDENTS In light of the increased concern of the haps now with the growing public awareness
Congress for safety on our highways, I and concern for traffic safety at rail-highway
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I in- very much hope that action will be taken grade crossings, Introduction of a bill to
troduce, for appropriate reference, a bill at an early date on this bill designed to effect such legislation ation might receive more
to .promote rail-highway safety by re- save additional lives. favorable consideration.
,quiring light reflecting markings on rail-
as to Mr. President, r reflecion ea markings applying rheesides
road locomotives and railroad cars. , I ask Unanimous con- paint oreflectorizarkings to the sides
Every day, every hour, every minute sent that a letter which I have received of railroad equipment has merit. At the
icans day, from one of my constituents on this mat- present time, several railroads have made
AAmmeerrica h are killed or More than maimed d0,000 our of ter and a letter which I have received limited applications of such materials On cars
from the Interstate Commerce Commis- and locomotives. We are studying the effec-
tiveness of these applications whicix show
Public concern over this carnage on Sion may be printed at this point in the some promise of eliminating or reducing the
our highways and the senseless human RECORD. type of accident in which the visibility of
tragedy which and has never been The PRESIDING OFFICER. The trains or cars moving over a rail-highway
gregedy States and local communities bill will be received and appropriately crossing at night is an important factor.
all across the country local and, without objection, the let- Certainly consideration must be given to new
all across down the e ntry are taking action ters will be printed in the RECORD. concepts and to newly developed materials
highway death toil. The The bill (S. 3634) to promote rail- to make railroad equipment more readily
U.S, Congress too has begun to recog- highway safety by requiring light-reflect- visible and to advance safety in this field.
nize its responsibilities. Within the last ing marking on railroad locomotives and these Thank suggestions gootoward inviting the p the pr venue on
few weeks the Senate has passed two im- cars, o
portant bills, one dealing with traffic , introduced by Mr. McGovERN, was rail-highway grade-crossing accidents. We
e
safety, the other with highway safety. received, read twice by its title, and re- appreciate the interest which you and your
ferred to the Committee on Commerce. constituent have in these matters. Any-
Mr. President, actions such as these The letters, presented by Mr.. McGov- thing which will reduce or eliminate these
designed to make our highways safer are ERN, are as follows: tragic accidents is of vital interest to this
most gratifying. Some serious problems, commission.
remain unresolved, however. SIOUX FALLS, S_ DAY.., Reverend r Carlse reco n's letter is returned. here-
One of these is the alarming number senator GEORGE MCGOVERN, May 23, 1966, with for you lycords.
of rail-highway grade-crossing accidents Senate Office Building, Sincerely.
every year in the United States. In 1964, Washington, D.C. JOHN W. BUSH,
DEAR GEORGE: I'm writing you to pass on Chairman.
collisions at grade crossings involving
trains and motor vehicles totaled 3,539. an idea which came to me some time ago as
'T'hese collisions involving motor ve- we read in the papers about several costly BILL TO MAKE COMMUNITY FACIL-
hicles accounted for 1,432 deaths and highways cgidens. Pe which wPople drove occurred Into o South. moving trains Dakota ITIES LOANS AVAILABLE FOR
hye
3,676 persons injured. Preliminary fig- at night. If we could cut down this partic- CULTURAL PURPOSES
ures for 1965 indicate more than 3,600 ular kind of accident, it would greatly Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts,. Mr.
such accidents, with more than 1,400 reduce fatalities on our highways. President, I introduce, for appropriate
persons killed and over 3,600 injured. I recall one time when I was driving at reference, a bill to amend title II of the
Particularly disturbing among these night on a backtop road which was just
little bit Housing Amendments of 1955, to make
accidents are those in which motor ve- a about I was probably going
about 45 miles per hour. Suddenly I real- COrrinlunity facilities loans available to
hicles run into the sides of trains. Here ized that a train was crossing the road prob- municipalities and nonprofit organiza-
the preliminary 1965 figures show 1,215 ably 120 yards in front of me. There was no tions who desire to build or remodel
accidents, in which 359 persons have light of any kind on that train visible to my structures for cultural. purposes,
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Appendix
The Escalation of Frightfulness
the declaration of the Senators who have
dissented from the Johnson policy in the
war are accurate. They are telling the truth
lative reforms, including some proposed
by the Joint Committee on the Reor-
ganization of Congress. The subject
deserves continuing study, with consid-
eration to tax incentive legislation to
encourage small campaign contributions
and stricter rules governing reporting
of campaign contributions and expendi-
tures by candidates. The tax incentive
bills have a worthy purpose in encourag-
ing greater participation of citizens in
the political affairs of government.
With respect to campaign expenses, I
support legislation to provide a tax in-
centive for small contributions, under
$100, in order to encourage a broader
segment of our society to participate in
the political process. In addition I be-
lieve our outdated laws governing the
reporting of campaign expenditures on
EXTENSION OF REMARKS in calling the attention of Hanoi to the fact
OF that the punishment of the prisoners of war
would make the war, frightful as it is al-
HON. VANCE HARTKE ready, still more frightful. For the ultimate
OF INDIANA weapons of frightfulness are in the hands of
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the United States, and no one who knows
this country and the character of the Presi-
Thursday, July 21, 1966 dent can be sure that they will not be used
if the escalation of frightfulness continues.
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, I have In this escalation we are approaching the
often said that escalation breeds escala- point of no return, the point where the war
tion, that our increased military effort becomes inexpiable, where it becomes incap-
can be expected to meet with stiffened able of rational solution, where it becomes a
resistance rather than a crumbling into termination. endless killing,
war isuic not suicidal ex-
&suit for peace. point. But the war will pass that point of
The distinguished dean of political col- no return if the prisoners are executed and
umnists, Walter Lippmann, takes the the North Vietnamese cities are destroyed in
same view and uses a similar phrase retaliation.
when he speaks, as he did in yesterday's There is great honor and glory to be had
Washington Post, of the "vicious spiral by anyone speaking for the civilized con-
in frightfulness" toward which the war science of mankind, who interrupts and
in Vietnam is tending: breaks the vicious spiral.
"Frightfulness begets frightfulness,"
says Mr. Lippmann, in pointing out the
fact that efforts to destroy the will to
fight lead ever upward to an "escalation
of frightfulness." In this, as he points
out, "we are approaching the point of
no return," leading to irrational rather
than rational solution. We certainly
need, as Mr. Lippmann concludes, to sup-
port the civilized conscience of mankind
by interrupting and breaking the vicious
spiral in which we are caught up.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Mr. Lippmann's column may
appear in the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
TODAY AND TOMORROW: THE ESCALATION OF
FRIGHTFULNESS
(By Walter Lippmann)
Because the Vietnamese war cannot be de-
cided by military means, it has become in-
creasingly a vicious spiral in frightfulness.
Because it Is both a civil war of Vietnamese
against Vietnamese and at the same time a
war of Vietnamese against foreign white
men, it is, as such wars usually are, increas-
ingly ferocious and barbarous. Unable to
subdue the other side by conventional mili-
tary actions, each side tries to overcome the
enemy by destroying his will to fight.
Frightfulness begets frightfulness and anger
demands vengeance, and all that remains is
a fury which, insofar as it reasons at all,
thinks that by topping frightfulness with
more frightfulness, the enemy will be
silenced and paralyzed.
The world is now confronted with this
escalation of frightfulness. To the Ameri-
can threat to bomb closer and closer to the
populated regions of North Vietnam, Hanoi
is replying by increasing its mobilization, by
evacuating the civilian population from
Hanoi and Haiphong, and by threatening to
try the captive American fliers, humiliate
them, and use them as hostages in the war
of frightfulness, and, in the end, perhaps
even to execute them.
There is no doubt that this treatment of
the fliers would evoke dire reprisals. The very well be that we will have to work on the White House runs to many millions
warning of Secretary General U Thant and toward enactment of a number of legis- of dollars. A Senate seat can cost a million
A3847
Reform Our Election and Campaign
Statutes
the part of candidates should be revised
and updated.
There have been many proposals for
reforming our Federal and State laws
on this subject. Some are controversial
but all are in the spirit of constructive
criticism of our present laws and point "
up the lack of appropriate guidelines,
indicating the need for legislation. The
evolution of legislation is derived from
EXTENSION OF REMARKS dialog, debate, and decision. For that
OF reason it is my hope that while we may
HON. HERBERT TENZER not solve all the problems connected with
the high cost of campaigning, we can
of NEW YORK make a start in that direction.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Recently I came across an article in the
Thursday, July 21, 1966 June 27 edition of the Nation entitled
Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, in the "Campaign Costs Are Soaring" by Victor
space age, with the advances in the mod- H. Bernstein. I believe my colleagues
will find the article informative and
cal of communication, campaigning nig have e been the interesting and I insert the article in
costs con of p politi tof oliti ques
the RECORD at this point:
skyrocketing at an alarming rate. PRIVATE WEALTH AND PUBLIC OFFICE: THE,
Political campaigns have been con- HIGH COST OF CAMPAIGNING
ducted since the founding of our Nation, (Victor H. Bernstein)
yet no adequate rules and regulations or campaigning imposes
guidelines have been established for the The on the cost office of seeker p poli ctical l caica gnn not poses
guidance of political parties or candi- speci
fied in the Constitution: he must either be
dates for office. This applies to Federal, rich or have rich friends. Perhaps because
State, municipal, and other local candi- he qualified so handsomely on both counts,
dates for office. We can be justly proud the late John F. Kennedy showed himself
that in our beloved Nation, the people to be more sensitive to this situation than
choose their candidates and vote for have most of our taking office he appointed and Commis-
other candidates of their choice and exercise after
slog on Campaign Costs empowered to re-.
other privileges in free elections. commend more democratic ways of gilding
I firmly believe that the Congress the path to public office.
should take a good hard look at the The commission made its report to the
problem, through the established legis- White idols in April, 1962, lightly) when for four
lative process. I would strongly recom- years lay (presumably sucessoon he
at of the Mr. end Kennedy's esuc successor.
mend that public hearings be held on conscience
whether
pending legislation to examine the any y rate, May,
by design or not, probably too late for legis-
ject of campaign costs and expenditures. lative action this election year) President
I would express the hope that some ap- Johnson laid before Congress a series of
propriate guidelines be established for proposals which in some respects follow the
candidates for public office; of course, I commission's recommendations, but in others
refer in particular to candidates in depart from them considerably. His pro-
presidential and congressional elections. posals are analyzed in detail elsewhere in
this article.
It is quite possible that we may not be These developments have been stimulated
able to solve this problem by the passage by a steady and staggering rise in the cost
of a single piece of legislation. It may of political campaigning. A four-year lease
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A3848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX July 21, 1966
or more (a fact which accounts, at least in gether with the Hatch Act of :1939-40, pro- monial" dinner (at this writing, Senator
part, for the current travail of Sen. THOMAS vides the principal ground rules for the DODD is most anxious to establish before the
E. DODD). More than $2 million was spent raising and spending of money to attain fed- Senate ethics committee that there is a dif-
to make John Lindsay mayor of New York; eral elective office. ference between the two, even if the bene-
even a House race, if it is in a competitive Unhappily, the regulations regulate noth- ficiary is an incumbent). And not a few are
metropolitan district, may require $50,000 ing, as is indicated in the boxed summary be- suffused with nonpartisan generosity; in
for the nomination campaign, and as much low of the laws and the loopholes. In the 1964, according to the Citizens' Research
again for election. In 1964, the country's view of many experts, such as Herbert E. Foundation's extensive files, at least eighty
political campaign bills (including all races Alexander, director of the Citizens' Research individuals gave $500 or more to candidates
from dog catcher to President) totaled an Foundation, they make a bad situation worse or committees of both parties.
estimated $200 million. This year, with the _ by encouraging cynical disregard for law, The real question in all this is not who
White House lease still unexpired, the bill increasing the costs of campaigning, failing gives, or how much, but what the giver gets
is likely to be somewhat smaller-say $175 to broaden the base of political financing, in return. It would be a calumny on our
million, with the bulk spent at State levels. and leading to so complicated a flow of funds legislators, I trust, and certainly an Over-
Do these formidable sums account for the from giver to receiver as to deprive both of simplification of our politico-economic sys-
prevalence of riches among our leading pol- any assurance that the money always follows tem, to say that we are governed not so much
iticians (Rockefeller, Kennedy, Harriman, its intended channel.
financial he men in by the men whose
Romney, PELL, OTTINGER, Johnson, et al.), All advertising, whether to sell soup or fisupport t put them there. . On any
and is this good for democracy? On the win office, entails risk; one never knows issue, the legislator has many factors to think
other hand, is democracy better served by whether the results justify the expenditures. about other than the Interests of his big
relatively penurious politicians who owe office In political advertising, there is built-in contributors: his party platform, the wishes
to support by the rich? How can a democratic waste. The multiplicity of committees typi- of the Administration (particularly if it is of
electoral system be divorced from an aristoc- cal of a candidate's campaign multiplies ad- his party), the recommendation of the rele-
racy of wealth? ministrative costs without necessarily in- vant legislative committee, a voting deal he
Politically, the rich have always been very creasing income. TV, which is eating up may have made with a fellow legislator, the
much with us. The signers of the Declara- more and more of campaign funds, is more rival claims of lobbyists, what he thinks the
tion of Independence, and to an even greater often than not a hugely wasteful medium. ordinary people of his constitutency want (in
extent, the authors of the Constitution, were At least a dozen times, on my home TV, I the last analysis, their votes put him into
largely landed gentry or wealthy merchants. watched Richard Hughes campaigning for office). There may even be times When he
Our early Presidents were all patrician- office in 1964, and he rather won me over. votes his best judgment on what's good for
even Andrew Jackson, symbol of the rough But my admiration, so expensively won, did the country.
frontier. Abraham Lincoln proved nothing him no good at all; he was running for gov- But history reveals many instances of out-
except that the exception proves the rule. ernor of New Jersey, while I live in Connecti-
True, there was a tendency for the post- cut. what lepislarsve corruption and even more cCivil War new industrialists to run the coun- For a Congressional candidate a appears to be legislative subservience oa
try from wherever they were making their politan district TV is s TV Is so wasteful l a that it metro-
Congress
cotton
is legislators industry. known as There "oil men," en,," or "cotton
otton
money, rather than from Washington. But rarely used; there are forty or more districts men," Or "air industry men," et al. When, as
beginning with Teddy Roosevelt, most White within listening range of the major New frequently happens, the welfare of a con-
Hrou theuupar s ehave conOMIC grain ben drawn n York City broadcasting stations. But even stituency is bound up with the welfare of an pta without broadcasting costs, a Congressional industry, the legislator is torn by no divided
society. campaign comes high. "One district-wide
The influence of affluence has been notice- mailing loyalty. The worst that may be said of him
able in the Con ress, too, and especially in ' says Robert Price, the deputy may- is that he may be betraying consumers else-
g or of New York and a veteran campaign man- where who can't vote for him-an occupa-
the Senate, once known as the "millionaire's ager, "will cost at least $20,000, including tional hazard in our political system, based
club." Donald R. Matthews, in his U.S. Se,i- printing and postage. Two brochures-not as it is on sectional representation.
ators and Their World, analyzed the person- too much for a four- or five-month cam- Furthermore, one may ask: Did big money
nel of the Senate for the decade 1947-58, paign-cost another $20,000. :If you are shape the politics of these "industry" men,
Of the 180 individuals studied, the author lucky, you minimize paid help by getting or was it their politics that attracted. the big
found only two who were sons of unskilled volunteers; still, there are office rentals, money in the first place? In 1956, with
workers: Wagner, son of a janitor, and posters, advertising, stationery, phone bills, Eisenhower the candidate, the top men of
O'Daniel, son of a construction worker. A etc., to pay. The absolute minimum is $50,- the American Petroleum Institute made
handful revealed lower-class origins: MAR- 000." If primary expenses are included, the contributions of $500 or more, totaling
GARET CHASE SMITH, daughter of a barber, total may rise to $75,000 or more. That's $171,750-all of it to the GOP. In 1964, with
and EVERETT DIRKSEN, son of a house painter, a lot of money to pay for a $30,000-a-year an old Texas hand running on the Demo-
Mat-
among others. The "typical" Senator, Mat fob with tenure guaranteed for two years cratic ticket, GOP receipts from this source
thews found, was white, Protestant, native only.
born of upper-middle-class origins, and col- How best to spend the money is a big dropped to $48,000, while the Democrats re-
nege educated .fora Y g ceived $24,000. Considering Johnson's re-
profession (most often problem; how to raise it is even bigger. gional and economic background, Is there
law). "If these are taken as 'requirements,'" "The average Congressional candidate," said any reason to suppose that he would be a
he added, "probably less than 5 per cent of Mr. Price, "can expect to get $1,500 from the less staunch supporter of the oil-depletion
Americans have any significant chance of be- National Congressional Campaign Committee, allowance if he hadn't received the contribu-
coming a Senator." another $1,000 from the county committee, tion of $24,000?
'The American democrat who tends to sneer and perhaps an additional $1,000 from other None of this means that the big political
at the British caste system may be astonished party groups. The rest must be raised contributor gets nothing for his money. Is
to learn that proletarians-miners, steel- through solicitation. If he commands a It coincidence that eleven of the nation's top
workers, carpenters-are a good deal more popular following, he can raise a substantial twenty-five defense contractors paid $15,000
common in Parliament than in Congress. sum from the small contributions of many each for a page ad in a book put out by the
One reason is that we have no labor party. people through a broadcast or mail appeal. Democrats last year? Is it coincidence that
But more important, perhaps, in an upwardly But usually for the bulk of what he needs in 1952, of twenty-seven noncareer diplo-
mobile society such as ours, an individual he must rely on friends, or friends of friends, matic appointments made by Truman, half
tends to Identify with strata above him, or labor or business. The biggest givers are the ebneflciaries had contributed $500 or
whereas in a more rigidly stratified society likely to be firms with government contracts, more to the Democratic Party, and all were
he is likely to look to his own class for or with hopes of getting one; they are what Democrats; and that a year later, of thirty
political representation. I call the predators-the guys who, if you similar a
In this country, running for public office win, will want something for their mone twelve ofthe Pthena appointees ade had by Eisenhower,
is a private enterprise; except in one or two Mr. Price is on record as stating that, as given ere or
more to the h, and all but one were
Re-
Re-
states, tax money does little more than pro- manager of Lindsay's $2 million-plus may- publican? At t the very least, the big con
-
vide boards of elections, polling booths and oralty campaign, he turned down certain tributor gets what Alexander Heard, chan-
ballots or voting machines. Like that other large contributions because he thought there cellor of Vanderbilt University, calls "access"
waif of the American political system, the were strings attached. to the decision makers.
political party itself, methods of financing Most campaign managers, and presumably There is a final consideration: Does money
campaigns evolved quite outside the law, most candidates, are not likely to be that win? From 1932 to 1942, the Democrats,
and it was. not until certain obvious abuses fussy, and the higher and more influential consistently spending less money, won the
touched the national conscience that regula?- the office sought, the more likely is the con- Presidency. They have done so again since
tive legislation was enacted. The. fiscal fed- tributors' list to be studded with the names 1960. The 1960 figures will surprise many.
eral statute was adopted in 1867; it protected of the wealthy. They give directly to party Repeated accusations have been made that
federal employees against political assess- committees, or they buy a page ad in a party the Kennedy family "bought" this election;
merits. Over the next six decades, further pamphlet for $15,000 (until a few months nevertheless, Citizens' Research Foundation
laws were passed, and these were finally codi- :.go, such ads were tax deductible), or they statistics show total reported campaign ex-
fled and revised by the Federal Corrupt Prac- join the President's Club for $1,000, or they penditures at the national level as: Repubii-
tices Act of 1925. This Act as amended, to.. pay $100 or more for a "campaign" or "testi- cans, $11,300,000; Democrats, $10,587,000. In
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A38
does not solve the problem of rising wages
elsewhere.
The attempt to curb interest rates by legis-
lation is another piece of economic chican-
ery. Denied the support of fiscal measures
to limit demand in our full-employment
economy, the monetary authorities have had
to rely on tight credit to dampen the boom.
The administration, applauding the action
in private, publicly rails against rising inter-
est rates as though they were the unneces-
sary result of an ulterior plot.
High interest rates are the price of scarce
money, and this scarcity is currently the
major bulwark against runaway inflation.
To clamp controls of interest rates thwarts
the purpose of tight monetary policy and
penalizes the savers whose very act of saving
fights inflation.
Is it possible that Washington is economi-
cally illiterate, or that it is advised by in-
competents? We think not. We think every
point made here is thoroughly understood,
but shunted aside in favor of more politically
palatable devices.
The most dangerous part of Washington's
"jawbone economics" is that the public may
believe that pronouncements can, In fact,
solve economic problems. And, in this belief,
the public may tolerate half-way measures
while inflationary pressures continue to
mount. Ultimately, Washington will have
to impose full monetary and fiscal restraints
in a larger corrective dose than would be
needed now. Washington will have to do
even more fast talking to explain that to the
Good News From Asia
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM T. MURPHY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, July 21, 1966
Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speak-
er, Secretary of State Rusk was cautious
in weighing the recent hint from Red
China that it would not intervene in the
Vietnamese war.
So is the Chicago Daily News, but the
newspaper suggests it adds to growing
evidence that communism and Chinese
influence are on the wane in Asia.
The News refers in an editorial to a
recent dispatch from Keyes Beech, its
correspondent in Asia, reporting that
from all along the periphery of Red
China things are looking up for our side.
Mr. Beech is convinced, this trend could
not have occurred except for the strong
U.S. stand in Vietnam.
I offer the editorial for the RECORD:
GOOD NEWS FROM ASIA
Reading significance into the output of
Peking's propaganda mills is a risky enter-
prise. Sec. of State Dean Rusk was appro-
priately wary in weighing the hint from
Red China that it would not intervene di-
rectly in the war in Viet Nam.
But if the editorial in the official Peo-
ple's Daily of Peking meant what it said,
another piece of good news can be added
to the others coming out of Asia. The
editorial said that Peking would continue
to give support to the North Vietnamese,
but added that "people should and can
rely only on themselves to make revolution
and wage people's war in their own coun-
try, since these are their own affairs."
The implication seems clear enough:
The Red Chinese are willing to fight the
war in Viet Nam down to the last Viet-
namese. But as long as it's a "revolution"
and not an attack on China itself, encour-
agement and tools are all the Vietnamese
will get from China.
Coming as it does after the U.S, attacks
on oil dumps near the heart of Hanoi and
Haiphong, the statement tends to reduce
the fears that heavier American commit-
ments in the area would bring China into
the war. And while we hope such reassur-
ance will not contribute to needless Amer-
ican escalation of the war, it adds to the
growing evidence that communism and Chi-
nese influence have passed their peak and
are on the wane in Asia.
Our correspondent Keyes Beech, report-
ing from Thailand, rounded up the case
for such a belief on Monday. He cited the
turnabout in Indonesia from a pro-Com-
munist to an anti-Communist stance, the
ousting of a pro-Communist foreign min-
isterin Pakistan and a growing disenchant-
ment with Communist ideas and power else-
where in Asia.
A seasoned observer of the Asian scene,
Beech is not given to wishful thinking. He
has in the past filed copy from his beat that
fairly dripped gloom. Now he says that
"from Korea to Karachi, all along the sprawl-
ing periphery of Red China, things are look-
ing up for our side."
The turnaround could not have occurred,
Beech believes, except for the United States'
strong stand in Viet Nam, for it is the pres-
ence of American power there that is giving
the Asian nations the courage to develop in
their own way and not Red China's way.
Obviously, there is a long road ahead in
Asia before true stability can be attained.
But the word out of Asia's capitals-now
including the word out of Peking-is more
encouraging than it has been for some time.
Herschel Newsom's War on Hunger
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LEE H. HAMILTON
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, July 21, 1966
Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I wish to include an excellent
article describing one Hoosier's personal
war on hunger in the world.
That man is Herschel Newsom, master
of the National Grange; chairman of the
Committee on the World Food Crisis, and
trustee of the American Freedom From
Hunger Foundation.
Mr. Newsom, who comes from the rich
farmlands of Bartholomew County in
Indiana, has brought with him to Wash-
ington that particular wit and wisdom of
the Hoosier farmer.
I am especially proud of Mr. Newsom's
outstanding work in the effort to erase
starvation from the face of the earth.
And I am pleased to submit Mr. Newsom's
commentary on. the war on hunger as
it appeared in the July 7, 1966 edition of
the Columbus Evening Republican:
SWORDS INTO PLOWSHARES: NEWSOM'S WAR
ON HUNGER
(By John Rutherford)
A former Bartholomew county farmer who
now lives in Washington, D.C., is the leader
of a movement aimed at marshaling forces
for an international "war on hunger."
"We live today in a. world of strange and
baffling paradoxes," says Herschel Newsom,
who left the Azalia community where he still
owns land to become master of the National
Grange.
"We know more about how to produce and
prepare high-quality food for maximum nu-
tritional value than at any other time in
history; yet we have the bleak prospect that
many people will starve to death this year,
and the prospects for adequate diet for the
rapidly expanding population will become
increasingly dim."
Since Dec. 9, Mr. Newsom has been chair-
man of the Committee on the World Food
Crisis, formed that day to spearhead efforts
to stamp out starvation.
Subsequently, he has conferred with U.S.
and Asian officials over an Indian food crisis;
testified before congressional committees;
conferred with British Prime Minister Harold
Wilson, and met with President Johnson's
assistants to give them his views.
A BUSY MAN
He also is president of International Fed-
eration of Agricultural Producers and a
trustee of the American Freedom-From-
Hunger foundation.
In testimony before a U.S. House commit-
tee studying problems of world hunger and
appropriate U.S. response, Mr. Newsom ex-
plained his views at length.
"The United States," he said, "cannot
forever exist In alliance with its friendly and
affluent international neighbors as an island
of abundance in a sea of despair. The very
survival of our much heralded and highly
valued Western civilization and the validity
of the professions of Christian culture are
dependent. upon our ability to successfully
meet the challenge of world hunger."
His solution:
"Since our objective is a peaceful and
prosperous world in which there is security
for political systems and persons, where the
differentiation between the hungry and the
well-fed is eliminated, where the fear of
pestilence and death is removed from the
weak and strong alike, where famine stalks
his prey with devastating effects no more,
indeed, where the lion and the lamb shall
lie down together and men shall beat their
swords into plowshares and their spears into
pruning hooks-then we must mobilize the
total productive resources of the developing
and food-deficit areas of the world simul-
taneously with an expansion of the produc-
tive capacity of the United States."
LACK PROGRAM
He says that in the Western nations, the
best techniques of food distribution have
been developed in all history "yet a substan-
tial part of the world is hungry simply be-
cause there exists no marketing and trans-
portation organization adequate to move
foodstuffs into the food-deficit areas."
He said nations with a long-time record of
surplus production in agricultural commodi-
ties have slipped behind the Iron and Bam-
boo curtains and for the foreseeable future
have become food deficit areas and "the block
over which they stumbled was agriculture."
"Today," he says, "the great subcontinent
of India is in political distress and threatens
to be pushed into the Communist orbit along
with all of southeast Asia because of the
political problems that come from hungry
people."
Turning to Scripture, Mr. Newsom re-
marked:
"Thus, the truth of the statement of the
prophet Isaiah is verified when he said, 'And
it shall come to pass that, when they shall be
be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and
curse their king and their God'-Isaiah 8:21."
NOT ENOUGH
Mr. Newsom notes that the U.S. has had
a food-for-peace program for the past dec-
ade and while it has done much good it has
not been enough.
59
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"Food relief and production problems are
so vast," he says on this point, "that the
United States should not presume to meet
these obligations alone. The fact that they
would become permanent objects of our
charity is not so disturbing as the fact of
their failure to develop their own agricul-
ture and, consequently, their own economy."
How would all this affect American agri-
culture?
"The prosperity of American agriculture
does not, and must not depend on the ex-
pansion of relief markets, but rather on the
development of commercial markets in the
rest of the world," says Mr. Newsom.
He does not want the war-on-hunger, food-
for-freedom or similar slogans to be an ex-
cuse for removing all U.S. government farm
programs.
"Programs to remove the restraints on our
production and to transfer the costs of the
agricultural programs to relief programs
would serve only to reduce the income of
American farmers and to seriously impair
the opportunities which may be developing
in the emerging nations for their agriculture
to become a viable part of a growing and
prosperous economy," he said.
Mr. Newsom outlines a 3-step priority
program:
1. "Our first priority is to prevent as far
as possible any mass starvation in any coun-
try of the world."
2. "Another priority must be in the devel-
opment of commercial markets."
3. "A third priority must be development
of the agricultural production in the less-
developed countries, for use by such coun-
tries."
"A major opportunity for multi-lateral ac-
tion," he said, "is offered in the development
and administration, of programs to improve
nutrition for children, reduce illiteracy, im-
prove per-acre production of essential crops,
provide for long-term credit and low-interest
loans, finance and staff regional research fa-
cilities, develop transportation, storage and
marketing facilities, and so forth. The
scientific and technical know-how of the
developed countries must be fully utilized in.
these programs and, in the meantime, the
necessary dietary supplements and additional
food supplies should be made available . .
Speaking as president of the international
food producers association, he said:
"We believe that the time is at hand when
-4t must be recognized that the piecemeal and
uncoordinated application of the productive
resources of the developed world is not suf-
ficient to meet the commitments of resources
which will be required for the solution of the
problems we are considering here today.
With all due respect for the pronouncement
of the Secretary General of the United Na-
tions, the appeals of Pope Paul, the state-
ments of the World Council of Churches and
other international bodies, the fact remains
that we simply are not marshaling our forces
in any unified way to solve these trenmendous
problems."
He issues this call:
"For attainment of our ultimate objective,
we must advance all of our forces for victory
on a total front. Great salients of unre-
golved areas cannot be permitted to remain,
if the overall goals of food production and
nutrition are to be accomplished.
Mr. Newsom sums up his concern in the
following words:
"We know more about nutrition for both
humans and animals than ever before .
yet two-thirds of the world suffers from mal-
nutrition, and in some parts of the world,
over half the babies born die before they
reach school age because of ingrowing crops
by the use of herbicides for weed control,
yet much of the productive land of the world
is unusable because of the rank growth of
vegetation choking our food.
"We know how to protect our crops.
"We know much about, protecting our
growing and stored food from insects. Yet
the food productive capacity of the develop-
ing world is severely limited by plagues of
food-destroying worms and insects.
"We know how to protect our storedgrain
from damage due to weather and atmospheric
conditions, yet the lack of storage capacity
which can accomplish these same objectives
in the food-deficit areas is a major factor
in the lack of food where it is needed.
"We know how to protect stored food from
rodents, yet we read with dismay that in
the hungriest nation of the world-India-
half of the food grown is either destroyed or
made unfit for human consumption by losses
clue to rodents.
"We know how to educate yet the world Is
Illiterate,
"We know how to control population, but
population continues to expand at an ex-
plosive rate.
"We know how to control disease, but dis-
ease is rampant."
"In short, we know how to feed the world
(yet) ... the Four Horsemen of the
Apocalypse-pestilence, war, famine and
death-continue to stalk the world, Al-
though they may emerge at different times
from different doors, they come from the
same barn."
Hon. Wood T. Brookshire and Hon.
Louis Morgan
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
F
HON. LINDLEY BECKWORTH
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 18, 1966
Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I
desire to include in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD an editorial concerning the suc-
cesses of Mr. T. Brookshire and his fam-
ily and Mr. Louis Morgan. I know these
people well. I subscribe wholly to this
editorial which appeared Wednesday af-
ternoon, July 13, 1966, in the Longview
Daily News:
[From the Longview Daily News,
July 13, 1966]
THEIR DREAMS CAME TRUE
Any city in East Texas would be excited
over the prospects of securing a. new indus-
try with 130 to 140 full-time employees and
25 to 35 part-time workers.
We have the equivalent of such an indus-
try in the four Brookshire Food Stores, which
represent an investment of well over $1,-
250,000.
They are here because of the vision, cour-
age and faith of a man who has built the
largest independent business organization of
its kind in East Texas.
Wood T. Brookshire, whom pie are privi-
leged to have had as a friend nearly 38 years,
is one of the most successful businessmen
in Texas and a legendary figure in the food
and merchandising fields. His manifold
achievements cannot be ascribed to luck.
They are the end result of ambition, desire,
drive, determination, perseverance, ability
and abiding faith. Coupled with these at-
tributes is an innate high quality of leader-
ship that automatically springs from a quick,
sharp and perceptive mind.
A fine, Christian man himself, Wood Brook-
shire always has been able to surround him-
self with capable and dedicated people. He
has imbued scores of young men with the
desire to work hard and accomplish worth-
while things. His honor and integrity have
made a profound influence on hundreds who
have worked for .and with him. His policy
of fair dealing has been one of the keystones
of his monumental success.
Love of people. comes naturally to him.
We observed an example of this Tuesday at
the opening of his new store. A woman
came in with two handsome twin baby boys.
He stepped over and spoke to her and con-
gratulated her on her two fine sons. After she
had started shopping, he told one of his
associates to be on the lookout when she
came to -a checkout counter, and to notify
her that all of the items she had selected
were to be with his compliments.
It was in 1926 that Wood Brookshire en-
tered the grocery business in Lufkin with
his brothers. He moved to Tyler in. 1928 to
open the third store for Brookshire Brothers.
Ten years later, he acquired the company's
three Tyler stores. He now heads 23 super-
markets in East Texas and Shrevesport. We
predict there will be many more.
The Brookshire operation is owned by our
longtime friend and his two sons, Bruce
Brookshire, executive vice president, and
S. W. Brookshire, vice president and north
district manager. Serving as vice president
and manager of the eastern district Is Zack
Nutt, who has been with the company many
years. This trio will play an important role
in the continued growth in the Brookshire
organizations. They have accepted whole-
heartedly the responsibilities placed upon
them and are performing admirably.
While it is not our pleasure to have known
Louis Morgan as long as we have known
Wood Brookshire, we have observed with
great admiration the pride and progressi.,e
spirit that he has manifested since com-
ing here 15 years ago. He has given Long-
.view three modern drug stores of which any
city in East Texas would be proud, and his
new location will compare favorably with
any in the metropolitan centers of the
nation.
Wood Brookshire and Louis Morgan have
a kindred spirit, and it is not by happen-
stance that they have adjoining stores in
three Brookshire Centers here. They believe
in progress-and they believe in East Texas!
We feel we bespeak the sentiment of citi-
zenry of Longview and this area when we say
to these two fine businessmen we are proud
of them, and offer our warmest congratula-
tions for another big accomplishment on
their part.
Let us hope that what they have done will
serve as an incentive to others in this area
to make the most of the opportunities that
abound here.
Captive Nations Week
SPEECH
OF
HON. JOHN R. SCHMIDHAUSER
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 20, 1966
Mr. SCHMIDHAUSER. Mr. Speaker,
I would like to join with my colleagues
who this week have risen to express their
renewed sense of obligation to the people
of the captive nations of the world. Cer-
tainly if any principle is basic to America
it is that the people of every nation must
be able to freely determine their own
destiny without coercion from outside
powers. Where they are not, then Amer-
ica must help, through efforts such as
those made in Congress this week, to
maintain the spirit of freedom in the op-
pressed peoples.
We know, of course, Mr. Speaker, that
there are other captive nations in the
world besides those in Eastern Europe
where the Soviet Union's power stands
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