ESCALATION OF THE WAR IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080002-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2005
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: June 29, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

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4
hav a merchant marine second to none
RENT SUBSIDY
(Mr. GLENN ANDREWS asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. GLENN ANDREWS. Mr. Speaker,
the attempt by the apologists of "rent
subsidy" all over America to justify this
insidious legislation as an instrument of
private enterprise is a sorry chapter in
the annals of American politics. Lining
the pockets of landlords with a 40-year
Government dole to build houses for
sociological purposes is anything but pri-
vate enterprise. The promise to these
same landlords that they will retain pri-
vate enterprise management over these
federally financed properties in the light
of section VI of the Civil Rights Act is a
hoax and camouflage that cries out for
exposure. Washington bureaucrats will
manage "rent subsidy" properties even
though landlords retain title to these
properties.
From the time that man emerged from
the caves to build his lean-to's and adobe
huts, man's house has been his modest
private enterprise masterpiece. Even a
few years back our Government under
FHA seemed favorably inclined to home
ownership. Increasingly, however, Gov-
ernment has extended its mantle of pub-
lic responsibility over housing and diluted
the value and incentives of home owner-
ship. Those who would undermine or
destroy the most widely held and most
cherished of private property by sub-
jecting it to increasing public manage-
ment are, in fact, enemies of private en-
terprise. Federal control is threatening
the private sector of housing and the
wolf "rent bsidy" is running around
in thel sApeOs clothing of private enter-
SCALATION OF THE WAR IN
VIETNAM
(Mr. ROBISON asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. ROBISON, Mr. Speaker, for some
time now it has been obvious that what-
ever "consensus" the President has en-
joyed in support of his military-political
policy in Vietnam was in danger of dis-
solving. But Mr. Johnson has done
nothing whatsoever-nor said any-
thing-to keep the "all-out-war" atti-
tude of the right or the "get-out-of-the-
war" attitude of the left from feeding on
the dwindling, moderate center of pub-
lic opinion concerning our future In Viet-
nam.
The result has been a steady decline in
the. President's "popularity"-if such
public opinion polls mean anything at
all-with consequent embarrassment to
the numerous Democratic Congressmen
who must stand for reelection, this No-
vember, many of whom reportedly have
been considering divorcing their cam-
paigns from the administration.
Quite clearly, the pressure was on the
President to take some dramatic action
In..Vietnam to bolster his position, and
there has been speculation here for sev-
eral weeks that his eventual decision
would be one involving a further escala-
tion of the military side of our effort.
That action has now been taken.
Few of use here in Congress are mili-
tary "experts"; I certainly am not and
it is, therefore, difficult for me to assess
the need for or the wisdom of bombing
such installations near Hanoi and Hai-
phong as were hit by our planes this
morning. This step has, reportedly, long
been urged by General Westmoreland
and other military professionals but, un-
til now, it has been repeatedly rejected
by the President as, apparently, "too
risky" from both a military and political
standpoint. That situation may now
have changed sufficiently, in Mr. John-
son's judgment, to justify what has been
done, and the validity of his new assess-
ment will only be established by the fu-
ture course of events.
As for the Congress, I assume it will
again "support" the President's action.
There is little else it can do for this whole
affair only serves, once again, to point up
the fact that military strategy in a "war"
of whatever kind is for the President, as
Commander in Chief of our Armed
Forces, to determine.
I would express the hope, however, that
this decision to so escalate the war rests
on sound military necessity and that Mr.
Johnson-who, almost alone, is in pos-
session of the full intelligence reports-
is convinced that it will lead to an earlier
resolution of this difficult and dangerous
war; conversely, I would also express the
hope that the President's decision was
not based, in any way, on his assessment
of the domestic political "necessities,"
whatever they may be.
In the meantime, skeptics to the con-
trary, I continue to believe that, in the
long run, the outcome of the elections
projected for September 11 in South
Vietnam-if those elections can somehow
be made wholly free and the integrity
of their result insured through some sort
of international supervision-will be as
important a factor in bringing about an
early and honorable resolution of the
conflict as whatever new military action
we may take on the ground or in the
air.
POSTAL SERVICE DETERIORATING
(Mr. RUMSFELD asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, it is
no secret that our postal service has
been deteriorating in recent years. In
fact, I have taken the floor on several oc-
casions to discuss the deterioration in
service, the reasons for it, and some pos-
sible steps which we might take to cor-
rect this problem which touches every
person in the country. Clearly, there is
no segment of our society that does not
in some way rely on the postal service.
I do not believe it is enough simply to
criticize the service, to point out in-
stances of poor service, poor policy, poor
administration. To criticize is not dif-
ficult, to offer avenues of solution is
somewhat more difficult.,
13963
But, there appear to be several basic
problems which are repeatedly men-
tioned by the Post Office Department
when complaints are forwarded and solu-
tions are sought. One seems to be in-
adequate funds to attract qualified
people-and enough of them-into the
postal service. Because of this, I sub-
mitted a statement to the Appropriations
Committee earlier this year urging that
adequate funds be appropriated to re-
lieve this complaint. Another problem
stems from a lack of incentives neces-
sary to retain those qualified people who
do enter the service.
To my mind, the long standing prac-
tice of using postmasterships as political
patronage severely weakens the postal
system at a time when the postal service
needs every form of support and assist-
ance it can get. In my testimony before
the Joint Committee on the Organization
of Congress last year, I recommended
that steps be taken to remove postmaster
appointments from political interference.
Because of my strong feeling on this
point, on March 10 of this year, I intro-
duced a bill H.R. 13586, to remove the
appointment of postmasters from poli-
tics. I strongly believe that postmasters
and rural letter carriers as well, ought
to be selected on the basis of their abil-
ities rather than on the basis of their
political connections. A merit system
covering these postal employees ought to
be adopted immediately.
Apparently, I am not alone in my
thinking on this matter. The Evening
Star of June 24 reported on an article
written by Donald Ledbetter, National
Association of Postal Supervisors, in the
association's magazine, in which he
blames politics in postal supervisory and
managerial appointments "as one of the
major reasons for inadequate mail serv-
According to the article by Joseph
Young:
Mr. Ledbetter "charged that politics in-
stead of merit motivates the promotions of
many employees elevated to supervisory
jobs . . . and criticized the appointment of
postmasters on a patronage basis."
Mr. Ledbetter, it is reported states fur-
ther:
If we could stop all the talk about merit
promotions and really have merit promotions
the mail service would improve.
Apparently, Mr. Ledbetter and I have
arrived at the same conclusion. There is
not a Member of the House, I am sure,
who has not experienced and recognized
deteriorating mail service.
I urge the Members of the House to
join with me in supporting H.R. 13586 as
a step in helping to restore the postal
service t the respected, reliable institu-
tionJitf ce was.
OMBING IN HAIPHONG-HANOI
AREA
(Mr. CALLAWAY asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. CALLAWAY. Mr. Speaker, I want
to commend .the President and the Sec-
retary of Dgf Anse on the recent move in
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 13964
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[Mr. PUCINSKI addressed the House.
His remarks will appear hereafter in
the Appendix.]
Vietnam to bomb oil dumps in the
Haiphong-Hanoi area.
I feel sure we all understand the press-
ing necessity for these moves. For too
long we have waited for the adminis-
tration to take the necessary steps to
back up our fighting men and to close
the open sources of supply in Haiphong.
We have now taken an important and
vital step. We have reduced one source
of enemy supply, and thereby reduced
by that much the enemy's effectiveness
against our boys. For this we are all
thankful.
I feel, however, it is ironic that our
administration felt it necessary to con-
sult the British before making this deci-
sion. Britain has over the years led
the free world parade of nations ship-
ping supplies into Haiphong. How do
we know that the very oil destroyed was
not brought in by British ships?
I see no reason to get permission from
Britain for any action we may take in
Vietnam until such time as Great Britain
sees fit to cease its aid to our enemies.
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I make the
point of order that a quorum is not
present.
The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum
is not present.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move a
call of the House.
A call of the House was ordered. ,
The Clerk called the roll, and the fol-
lowing Members failed to answer to their
names:
[Roll No. 1571
Abbitt
Hagen, Calif.
Pike
Addabbo
Hanna
Poage
Arends
Harsha
Pool
Baring
Harvey, Ind.
Powell
Barrett
Hebert
Reid, N.Y.
Bates
Herlong
Reifel
Belcher
J?.rman
Resnick
Bell
Jennings
Reuss
Bolton
Jones, Ala.
Rivers, Alaska
Bray
Karth
Rogers, Fla.
Brock
Kelly
Roncalio
Carey
King, N.Y.
Rooney, N.Y.
Clausen,
Kluczynski
Scott
Don H.
Kupferman
Shipley
Clawson, Del
Lennon
Sickles
Colmer
Long, La.
Sweeney
Conyers
Long, Md.
Taylor
de la Garza
McDowell
Thompson, N,J.
Dyal
McEwen
Toll
Ellsworth
MeVicker
Udall
Everett
Mackie
Utt
Evins, Tenn.
Mailliard
Vanik
Farbstein
Martin, Ala.
Watkins
Farnum
Martin, Mass.
Williams
Flood
Meeds
Willis
Fogarty
Mink
Wilson, Bob
Frelinghuysen
Mize
Wilson,
Fulton, Tenn.
Morris
Charles H.
Giaimo
Murray
Wright
Gibbons
Nix
Yates
Gilbert
O'Neal, Ga.
Gurney
Pepper
EQUITABLE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRI-
BUTION OF FEDERAL RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDS
(Mr. HALL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarkk.)
Mr. HAIL. Mr. Speaker, I have today
introduced a resolution calling for draft-
ing of a plan to insure equitable geo-
graphical distribution of Federal re-
search and development funds.
This bill would require the National
Science Foundation to formulate recom-
mendations to Congress for changes in
the laws tinder which research and de-
velopment funds are granted, loaned, or
otherwise made available by Federal
agencies to higher education institu-
tions; and achieve a better geographical
distribution of such funds.
There is no doubt in my mind that
more equitable distribution of the almost
$16 billion for research and development
by the several Federal agencies can and
must be made.
In the Subcommittee on Research and
Development of the Armed Services Com-
mittee, on which it is my privilege to
serve from its inception, I have come to
know the importance of many of these
research activities. No one. challenges
the need for intensive programs of sci-
ence, research, and technology. There
are vastfrontiers yet to conquer. What
is of merited concern, is direct or indirect
control by the Federal Government, of
over 80 percent of all research scientists
and technicians.
No State, nor region of the country has
a corner on the ability to produce brain-
power. We must take steps to insure a
more equitable distribution of the Fed-
eral funds for research and development,
which have become an integral part of
maintaining academic excellence.
There is substantial evidence that a
large percentage of the research grants
awarded by several Federal agencies have
gone to higher educational institutions
in the East, Northeast, and west coast.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AL-
BERT). On this rollcall, 338 Members
have answered to their names, a
quorum.
By unanimous consent, further pro-
ceedings under the call were dispensed
with.
COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT
MARINE AND FISHERIES
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent that the Committee on
Merchant Marine and Fisheries may sit
today during general debate.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AL-
BERT). Without objection, it is so
Chiefs have recommended it, and%y.he
President has acceded to their request.
Moreover, General Westmoreland, our
great South Carolinian, has requested it.
It is a welcome development.
From all accounts nearly 50 planes
were involved in the raid, and the two
installations were hit simultaneously.
My report is that smoke went up many,
many thousands of feet in the air. The
objective was to knock out the POL about
which we have been complaining, con-
taining some 550,000 barrels of petro-
leum, and covering approximately a 150-
acre tract of land waiting for someone
to hit it. The oil in these areas was in-
dispensable to the conduct of the war
from the North Vietnamese standpoint.
Indeed, all of their mobility, logistics,
and infiltration into South Vietnam were
dependent on this petroleum.
The President made a wise decision.
I requested it a year ago. I requested it
in November. I requested it in January.
Now I do not think I should say it is long
overdue. Of course, it is overdue. But
it has come, and now that it has come,
we must back the President in whatever
eventualities the action may bring forth.
Frankly, I do not think the Chinese
can afford to come in. Their logistic
problems would be bad. They would be
sitting ducks for us, if we mean business,
and I take it that we do. In addition,
they have their own troubles in China.
But the GI's have been dying. We
have left a lot of bones, blood, and bodies
in the paddies of South Vietnam. This
action will help the morale of those boys
who are fighting there. There have been
over 24,000 casualties, 4,000 of which are
dead, and they want this action. They
deserve it. They now have it. Let us,
the American people, give the President
the backing to which he is entitled.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. I am
happy to yield to the distinguished ma-
jority leader, the gentleman from Okla-
homa.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I compli-
ment the distinguished gentleman, the
chairman of the Committee on Armed
Services, on the statement which he has
made. I join him in supporting the Pres-
ident in his decision, which was necessary
and indispensable. The escalation of the
war on the part of the North Vietnamese
and of the Vietcong is something which
must be made expensive for them and not
for American boys.,
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. I
thank the gentleman from Oklahoma.
This is a fact of life that the Vietcong
can see. They have seen some of the in-
stallations in Hanoi hit. They have a
very large reservoir which, if we bomb,
will result in flooding them out.
They want business, and I think we
ought to accommodate them. They want
our compliments; this is the best way I
know to give it to them.
Some people have called me a hawk.
No one has ever called me a dove. When
I send someone to fight for me, I would
rather have a hawk fighting for me than
a dove. , So let us get on with this busi-
ness. Let us win this war. We have the
ECISION TO BOMB HANOI AND
HAIPHONG
(Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina asked
and was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, the bombing of the installation
at Haiphong, and the port facilities and
military installations in and around
Hanoi, comes as a welcome development.
Those of us who have been asking for
this should now applaud the President
for having made the decision. The Joint
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enAny on the ropes. This could be the
knockout blow.
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. I
yield to the gentleman from Louisiana.
Mr. WAGGONER. I thank the gentle-
man for yielding. I compliment him for
his statement and for bringing to the
attention of the House the action of the
President in extending our activities in
Vietnam. I simply want to add my
"amen."
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. I
thank the gentleman very much.
Mr. FLYNT. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. RIVERS - of South Carolina. I
yield to the gentleman from Georgia.
Mr. FLYNT. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to associate myself with the remarks
of the . gentleman from South Carolina,
the distinguished chairman of the Com-
mittee on Armed Services. I think the
statement that he has made is indeed
typical of the attitude which he has ex-
emplified and has expressed for some
considerable period of time. While, of
course, none of us look forward to any-
thing that could extend, or escalate a war,
there are times when decisions, such as
the one that the gentleman reported to
the House, must be made, and I think
that this is a welcome report and one
which will receive the enthusiastic sup-
port of the American people. I thank
the gentleman.
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. I
thank the gentleman from Georgia.
Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, the
bombing of petroleum storage facilities
near Hanoi and Haiphong by South Viet-
namese and U.S. forces must be seen in
light of the fact that these were military
targets in every sense of the word. As
such, the bombing is therefore a fur-
ther expression of the firmness of our
commitment in Vietnam. Hopefully, the
increased clarity of that intention may
hasten the willingness of Hanoi and Pe-
king to discuss an honorable negotiated
settlement., .
In my Opinion, there is no relationship
between the timing of these raids and
the current visit to Peking of North Viet-
nam's President Ho Chi Minh. Actually,
it should be noted that the bombing
came only after the repeated rejections
by Hanoi of numerous peace-seeking
overtures, many of which were made by
several nations including Eastern Euro-
pean countries and even the Soviet Union
13965
27, 1966, I am recorded as being absent. In Virginia: Percent
I
was present in the Chamber and an-
swered to my name. I ask unanimous
consent that the Journal and permanent
RECORD be corrected accordingly.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentleman
from North Carolina?
There was no objection.
PRESIDENTIAL PAIRINGS
(Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute, and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. WILLIAM D..FORD. Mr. Speak-
er, I note the emergence on the American
scene of two new public opinion pollsters.
They are amateurs, but I fear they may
be with us for some time or at least until
November 8.
The first poll' Is the Bliss poll. Its
creator is the national chairman of the
Republican Party. His first intelligence
is a report that President Johnson's pop-
ularity has decreased even below the 46
percent figure of a recent Gallup poll.
This communique was published in the
Washington Post of June 21, 1966.
But the very next day the Gallup poll
reported that President Johnson's popu-
larity rating was 50 percent, and that the
6-month slide in his rating had been
halted.
Thus, of the GOP chairman's sally into
polling it might be said, "in ignorance
there is Bliss," or vice versa.
The other amateur pollster is none
other than Gov. George Romney, of
Michigan. The Romney poll appeared
in the same issue of the Washington
Post as the ill-fated Bliss poll. Gover-
nor Romney's poll is much more global.
He disdains figures and percentages. He
Just deal with the U.S. image and the
world.
According to Governor Romney, the
world now views the United States as a
nation "no longer dedicated to peace."
The dispatch does not state how many
interviewers the Romney poll sent out.
It does not state how many people
throughout the world they questioned. It
does not state what question they asked,
nor how, nor when. Nevertheless, Mr.
Speaker, the Romney poll says flatly that
the United States "has too largely be-
come, in the eyes of the world, the prac-
tical successor of 19th century white
colonialism."
itself. This amateur Romney poll may be con-
. believe that President Johnson had trasted with some professional polls
o alternative but to order that such mil- taken in various States around the coun-
itary targets be bombed, particularly try. In these polls, people were asked
since the POL stored in these facilities is how they would vote for President if elec-
vital to the Vietcong's military effort in tions were held this year.
South Vietnam. Certainly to the extent Mr. Speaker, here is a rundown on how
that the bombing was in keeping with voters answered this important ques-
President Johnson's determination to tion:
pursue our goals in Vietnam with pru- In Paterson, N.J.: Percent
dent restraint. it was justified. The add- Johnson __________________ -____- 68
ed assurance that civilian casualties ?--
Romney ------------------------------ 32
were kept to a minimum also supports
the soundness of this decision. In Maine: Percent
Johnson ------------------------------ 55
Romney ------------------------------ 45
CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL. Johnson ------------------------------ 55
Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Speaker, on Nixon -------------------------------- 45
Johnson ------------------------------ 65
rolicall No. 153, a quorum call, on June Goldwater ---------------------------- 85
Johnson --- -- --- -- -- - -- -- ----
Nixon ---- ---- -- -- -- -------- Johnson
----- -- -- --------- ----- -
Goldwater
Johnson
------------------------------
Romney ------------------------------
In Tennessee: Percent
Johnson --- - -- - - --- -- - 66
Nixon--------------------------------- 34
Johnson------------------------------ 72
Goldwater----- ----------------------- 28
Johnson- -- - -------- -- 75
Romney------------------------------- 25
In West Virginia: Percent
Johnson ------------------------------- 59
Romney------------------------------- 41
Johnson ------------------------------- 61
Nixon--------------------------------- 39
In North Carolina--Guilford County:
Percent
Johnson------------------------------- 66
Romney------------------------------- 34
Johnson------------------------------ 73
Nixon--------------------------------- 27
In New Jersey: Percent
Johnson---- - - - ---- --- -- 66
Nixon--------------------------------- 34
Johnson------------------------------- 67
Scranton------------------------------ 33
In Pennsylvania: Percent
Johnson -- - --- -- - -- --- - 55
Scranton
---------
Johnson 45
- - - --- - ?- -- -- - -- 59
Nixon ---- - -- - - -- ?-- 41
In New York: Percent
Johnson
Nixon ------ ---- - -- - - --- 67
-- ----- --------
Johnson 33
67
-------------
Romney__
Rockefeller_________ -----------------
______________ 18
Mr. Speaker, the voters' preference for
President Johnson is even seen in the
Wolverine State, of which George Rom-
ney Is Governor, for in Michigan the
voters' choice is as follows:
Percent
Johnson --------------- __ 51
---------------
Romney -------------------------------- 49
Mr. Speaker, my intention in speaking
has been to demonstrate that politics is
one thing and polling another. More
especially, it is to protect the professional
polling fraternity of Lou Harris, George
Gallup, and others, from the incursions
of amateurs like George Romney and
Ray Bliss.
INSURING WATERSIDE
BEAUTIFICATION
(Mr. PATTEN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to-
day to introduce legislation with my dis-
tinguished colleague from Ohio [Mr.
VANIK] for the purpose of insuring
waterside beautification. Although this
legislation is not far reaching and al-
though it does not involve a multimillion
dollar appropriation; I think it still
merits the attention of my distinguished
colleagues on both sides of the aisle.
The last few years have seen a spate
of legislation in reference to both our
rivers and harbors as well as to beauti-
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13966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE "une 9;
fleation of highways and urban areas. [Mr. SICKLES] introduced abill-H.R. Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, the legfs'f'a-
This is all well and good; for too long 11537-calling for the Secretary of the tion which I am introducing would elim-
we have allowed both our streets and Army to remove certain abandoned ships inate the time limitations for applica-
our waterways to remain in states of dis- from the Potomac River-no action has tions for these funds which, under the
repair and dilapidation. It Is a credit to been taken on this bill. We in New Jer- current law, stipulates that the veteran
both the executive departments involved sey as well as our friends in Maryland, must apply for the money within 5 years
and to the Congress that these black Ohio, and all other States with water- of his discharge or release from military
marks on modern America are now well ways recognize that this is, a problem service. In addition, this legislation
on the way to solution. which must be faced and solved as soon goes one step further and becomes retro-g Urban areas and"highways are being as possible. It cries for immediate active to veteran World War II, en blind applye who qualify
cleaned up and beautified as never be- solution. disabled
fore. Also, our harbors and our rivers We have embarked upon a compre- for this benefit even though they have
are being cleaned and purified; such hensive program of beautification as well been separated from the service for as
natural enemies as beach erosion, flood- as a program of waterway improvement. long aSpeaker, I was a cosponsor of the
Ing and noxious materials are being it is a shame that both of these will be,
slowly but surely eliminated-after in a sense, atrophied and debilitated if Veterans Readjustment Act of 1966, also
many, many years of hard work. we allow abandoned ships to monopolize known as the cold war r I bil , which ome
It is all the more sad, then, that our the Nation's waterways. for guar and direct waterways are still infested with a cer- Mr. Speaker, I urge Immediate con- loan employment, cbual are, pre in cFed-
tain kind of hazard which is as danger- sideration of this legislation. seal a and job placement assistance job
bce and
as it is esthetically displeasing. I soldiers' and sailors' civil relief. The
am referring to old and abandoned ships, (Mr. STRATTON asked and was given legislation I am proposing today is in
Nation's and pilings, found on many of our permission to extend his remarks at this keeping with the provisions of that bill
ion's most beautiful autiful and serviceable point in the RECORD and include extrane- which recognizes the sacrifices being
bays, rivers, legislalion which inlets and channels. ous material.) made today by our men in uniform. I
and I have which cosponsored today day would Ohio au- o [Mr. STRATTON'S remarks will ap- now urge my colleagues to take swift
and w action to guarantee and immediately
thorize the Army Corps of Engineers to pear hereafter in the Appendix.] provide these benefits to those men who
sores oremove from usting and dangerous eye- in combat situations have suffered the
,(UPerm our u title 33 waters. the United States (Mr. STRATTON asked and was given loss of sight, limb, or both.
Under u
Code and under Public Law 89-298, the permission to extend his remarks at this
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1965, the Corps point in the RECORD and include extrane- FREEDOM FOSTERS CHANGE
of Engineers has certain and diverse ous material.) (Mr. KING of Utah asked and was
powers it may perform. It dredges [Mr. STRATTON'S remarks will ap-
rivers; it studies noxious weeds; it pre- peak hereafter in the Appendix.] given permission to extend his remarks
pares flood control projects; it adman- at this point in the RECORD, and to in-
isters programs to eradicate water elude extraneous material.)
growths. Now, if H.R. 16064 becomes en- AMPUTEES AND BLINDED VETERANS Mr. KING of Utah. Mr. Speaker, the
acted, it will have the power and author- OF THE WAR IN VIETNAM ENTI- Junior Senator from the State of Utah,
ity to remove abandoned and rotting TLED TO RECEIVE FULL BENEFITS the Honorable FRANK E. Moss, presented
discarded boats from our waters. (Mr. FASCELL asked and was given an address on June 25, 1966, at the Youth
Last week, my colleague from Ohio Conference of the Church of Jesus Christ
wrote to the District Commissioners: permission to extend his remarks at this of Latter-day Saints in Philadelphia. I
I am shocked at the absence of Federal Dint in the RECORD and include extrane- found his words to be especially stimu-
and state laws concerning the disposition ous matter.) lating and worthy of study in these times
of navigational wrecks abandoned in public Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the most of seeming peril and uncertainty. Be-
waters. deserving of our veterans returning from cause of the inspirational, timely, and
I, too, am shocked and I hope that Vietnam-those courageous men who, in patriotic message it contains, I include
the defense of our country have suffered this address in my remarks today:
this legislation will change past his- the loss of either hands, feet or eye- FEEED FoSks t s
tory. sight-are, under existing law, being de- senator FERS A Moss., LDS
Of course, there is another reason nied some of the same benefits accorded speech F Youth Conference Sena , P RANdelE. Moss, LDS , Pa June
besides esthetics why this problem cries to those brave men who served in World 25, 1966)
out for solution. Besides being a blight War II and the Korean conflict. In a scant ten years we shall celebrate the
on our landscape, these vessels are de- The time is long since past when ac- 200th anniversary of the Declaration of In-
monstrably dangerous. it is common tion should have been taken to correct dependence-July 4, 1776.
knowledge that loose pilings and parts this deficiency. In just twenty years we shall be com-
of ships adrift in rivers In the past few I am, therefore, today introducing leg- memorating the bicentenary of our Consti-
months have been responsible for exten- islation which would amend the current tutional convention which opened in No-
sive damage to many moving crafts. law, title 38, United States Code, chapter vember, 1786.
Last year, measures were enacted to 39, paragraphs 1901(a) and 1905. Out of these two events came our nation-
hood. Both of them occured here in Phila-
clean New York Bay and the Kill Von Under the present law, veterans who delphia.
Kull of debris and other similar matters, suffered the loss or permanent loss of You sit today in the city of brotherly love,
The results were happily amazing-the use of one or both feet; loss or perma- in Philadelphia the cradle of our liberty.
figure of a half-million cubic feet of nent loss of use of one or both hands; The symbols of our great patriotic and spirit-
driftwood which Army-operated drift- and/or permanent impairment of vision ual heritage are all around you.
collecting boats had collected through of both eyes during World War II or the What better time or place to ponder the
tremendous events which bequeathed to us
1961 was drastically out. Pleasure boat Korean conflict are entitled to receive our freedom and the framework of our operators found that they could Deer- up to $1,600 toward the purchase of an Gov-
ernment, and to draw from them a sense of
ate their vessels with less worry than automobile or other conveyance. continuity and a sense of purpose.
before. This legislation would amend the law - July 4, 1776 we are told, was a surprising-
I represent the district from New Jer- to read "during World War II or the l sonl reports in Philadelphia. Jef-
reports than on July 3rd
e for ly and bough
sey which includes the Raritan Bay- Korean conflict or after January 31, r
July
all the boatowners in our area are well 1955." This would enable those vet- a ath new w w threcordedermomete the following reading: 6
aware of the need to remove the danger- e:rans of the conflict in Vietnam and a.m. 68 degrees; 9 a.m. 721/2 degrees; 1 p.m.
ous pilings, boats and parts of boats from others who receive the aforementioned 76 degrees; 9 p.m. 731/2 degrees.
the bay area. This matter has been disabilities in military activity to receive But the beruffled and bewigged men from
neglected far too long. the same benefits as the amputees and the Thirteen American Colonies inside the
in October of 1965, our distinguished blinded veterans who served their eoun- state hou weather er outsidee They aware of were the delight-
colleague the gentleman from Maryland try in earlier wars. ul . warmed by
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 .19088 Appro11 Fk1ReleaseCONGRESSIONAL RECORD 46 HOUSE 80002-8
BOMBING IN IrAIPHONG-#iANOI
AREA
(Mr. COHELAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, the re-
port which I have just read on the wire
that the United States has actually cax-
ried out its much rumored plan to bomb
the oil depots located near the popula-
tion centers of Hanoi and Haiphong, is
a matter of deep concern.
Our objective in Vietnam should not
be to further escalate the war but to
bring it to the conference table. I fail
to see how this new bombing, which
makes a new level in the war's intensity,
can help us to achieve this objective.
Certainly previous increases in troop
commitments and bombing attacks have
not brought us any closer to negotiations,
or a peace conference or a cease-fire.
They have only increased the war to a
more dangerous level of conflict, or at
best to new and higher levels of stale-
mate.
The bombing of oil storage depots to-
day is a dan,-gerous policy. It will prob-
ably slow the rate of infiltration from the
north, but the record shows that it cer-
tainly will not stop or finally deter it.
More important, it raises the serious
question of whether Communist China
will not now provide air cover to protect
what she considers to be a vital resource,
and, if she does, whether the United
States will not in turn bomb the bases
used by her planes. This could lead us
directly to the far larger war which
would destroy far more than it would
accomplish. It would lead to the larger
war which we should be striving to avoid.
Mr. Speaker, I want to make it clear
that I support our commitment to enable
the South Vietnamese people to deter-
mine their own future, free from the out-
side interference of those who would de-
termine it for them.
But to meet this commitment, I be-
lieve we should concentrate our efforts in
South Vietnam. In particular, I believe
that we should utilize every resource at
our command-including the withhold-
ing of further military support, if this
should prove, necessary-to insure that
free elections are held soon and that an
early transition is made to a popularly
based civilian government,
This should be the objective of our
efforts, not further military escalation
in the North. -
OBSERVANCE OF WEEK OF JULY
FOURTH AS NATIONAL SAFE
BOATING WEEK
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gen-
tleman from Michigan [Mr. CHAMBER-
LAIN] is recognized for 30 minutes.
'Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker,
once again it is nearing that time of the
year for all Americans to place special
effort in the observance of the week of
July Fourth as National Safe Boating
Week. That week is expressly dedicated
`to the safety of those Americans who
spend much of their leisure time using
the waterways of this great Nation.
The cause of National Safe Boating
Week is worthy enough that the Presi-
dent of the United States issued the fol-
lowing proclamation in accordance with
Public law 85-445, which I sponsored
in the 85th Congress:
The family boating trip has now become
almost as common in American life as the
family picnic. It is. a profound testimony
to the strength of our American system and
the scope of our prosperity that the recrea-
tion of boating, once the pastime of a priv-
ileged few, is now enjoyed by millions of
families from all walks of life.
With the steadily increasing traffic of our
waterways, however, it is vital that no ef-
forts be spared to keep boating safe as well
as stimulating. The knowledge and prac-
tice of safe boating principles can make
hours spent upon the water measurably
safer and more pleasurable.
Since 1958, when the Congress first re-
quested the President to annually proclaim
National SSafe Boating Week, the rise in
boating accidents has been largely checked.
This record can be maintained-and im-
proved-only if the nation's boating orga-
nizations, Federal and State agencies, and
the boating industry continue their efforts
to inform the public of the importance of
safe boating practices.
Now, therefore, I, Lyndon B. Johnson,
President of the United States of America, do
hereby designate the week beginning July 3,
1966 as National Safe Boating Week.
I urge every American who uses our water-
ways to re-examine his boating habits dur-
ing this Week and decide what he can do,
individually and together with his country-
men, to reduce accidents and prevent the
needless waste of lives on the water.
I also invite the Governors of the States,
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and other
areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States of America to join in this observance
and ask them to exert their influence in the
cause of safe boating during this Week and
throughout the entire year.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the Seal of the United
States of America to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington this 19th
day of January in the year of our Lord
nineteen hundred and sixty-six, and of the
Independence of the United States of Amer-
ica the one hundred,and ninetieth.
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
This proclamation is clearly indicative
of the importance that the President
attaches to recreational boating safety
and National Safe Boating Week.
INCREASE IN RECREATIONAL BOATING
To make the ideals of safe boating in-
teresting as well as vital to the entire
boating industry and the boating public,
the U.S. Coast. Guard enlists the con-
tinual assistance and cooperation of or-
ganizations such as the Coast Guard
Auxiliary, the U.S. Power Squadrons, the
National Safety Council, as well as boat-
men everywhere.
Safe boating is an enormously big proj-
ect when it is considered there will be
over 40 million Americans in more than
71/2 million boats of all kinds plying the
waters from the far reaches of Guam in
the Pacific to the Virgin Islands in the
Atlantic, and from Alaska across the
Continent to Puerto Rico. Every river,
lake, inlet, and bay where navigation by
any kind of craft is possible will note the
presence of the American boatman.
The boating industry reports that over-
all recreational expenditures have risen
nearly 50 percent since 1956, and net
June 29, 1966
sales of boats have increased well over 50
percent during the same period. Dollar
shipments of marine products other than
boats and motors posted another all-time
high monthly average for 1965. For the
fourth year in a row, Americans in-
creased their retail spending on boats
and boating equipment. The 1965 esti-
mate-a new record-was over $234 bil-
lion. This huge amount of money was
spent for new and used boats, motors, ac-
cessories, safety equipment, fuel, insur-
ance, docking fees, maintenance, club
dues, storage, repairs, and club member-
ships.
The Coast Guard released its annual
Recreational Boating Statistics Report,
as required by the Federal Boating Act of
1958, on May 2d of this year. The Fed-
eral Boating Act of 1958, provides for a
standardized system for the numbering
and identification of undocumented ves-
sels, including the pleasure boats of more
than 10 horsepower, and also for partici-
pation in this program by the several
States. Since the effective day of this
legislation, April 1, 1960, 47 States have
enacted into law numbering systems
which have been approved by the U.S.
Coast Guard, as meeting the standards
set forth in this act.
The safety aspect of the tremendous
explosive growth in recreational boating
is of increasing concern to the Coast
Guard. Compare 1965's 4,138,000 regis-
tered boats with the 16,000 in 1905, or
even the 21/4 million in 1945, and the
need for boating safety as a full-time
operation is quite apparent. More
boats plus more people logically add up
to more chances for boating accidents.
Although the number of boats is con-
stantly increasing, the number of acci-
dents this past year decreased. We hope
this decline is due to boating safety ef-
forts. On the other hand, fatalities in-
creased in 1965 and even the rate of fa-
talities went up. A total of 1360 persons
died. Improvement is very necessary.
This is why the need for boating safety
has reached the attention of the Con-
gress, the legislature of every State, the
press, as well as the boating industry and
right down to the individual who consti-
tutes one part of the entire boating pub-
lic. The most effective safety efforts lie
with the individual boatman.
ACCIDENT RATE DECLINED
In its annual report, the Coast Guard
revealed that 41 percent, or 563 of the
1,360 deaths due to boating accidents
last year, were from vessels outside the
numbering provisions of this act. The
563 deaths from vessels not required to
be numbered, including rowboats, canoes,
sailboats, rafts, and other small craft,
are 14 more than occurred in 1964. Over-
all, 168 more people died in boating ac-
cidents in 1965 than in 1964. During
the same period, 1965, the numbering of
boats in all States and territorial posses-
sions of the United States rose to an all
time high of over 4 million, This is an
increase of more than one quarter of a
million boats over the previous year.
Capsizings, as in past years, still re-
main as the largest type of casualty in
the recorded deaths. In 1965, capsizings
took 40 percent of the total number of
lives lost in boating accidents. This
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June 29, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
13987
MAURICE SALTZMAN WINS NA- valued counselor in his own Temple Emanu resulting from industrial progress . . . who
TIONAL HUMAN RELATIONS El.... He and his wife Shirley have placed worked to create better methods of produc-
Mount Sinai Hospital on the threshold of tion and better conditions for working people.
AWARD greatness through a $1,000,000 gift.... He Well, we, too, are in an age of change and
Under has donated generously to such institutions upheaval-greater than any the world has
The SPEAKER pro tempore. as Harvard University ...'Brandeis . ever experienced. Our revolution is essen-
previous order of the House, the gentle- Notre Dame ... Case Tech ... Western tially a social revolution ... a revolution in
man from Ohio [Mr. FEIGHANI is recog- Reserve. . . . He has established Bobbie relationships that is making the way we con-
nized for 10 minutes. Brooks scholarships to young women for col- ducted our affairs in the past completely
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, the Na- lege educations.... These and many other dead.
tional Conference of Christians and Jews things. And there are those who are dismayed.
conferred its National Human Relations With it all, Maury Saltzman, slight in They see the protests and the marches and
on Maurice Saltzman at a memo- stature though he may be, has been a tower- the unrest on the campus and they wish it
Award
ceremony in Cleveland, Ohio, on ing force for good in the work of the National would all go away.
rable Conference of Christians and Jews. He has But it will not go away. The upheaval
June 20, 1966. Mr. Saltzman, a native toured the nation in behalf of brotherhood and the turmoil are symptoms of real and
of Cleveland, has become one of its most but, more important than that, he has lived profound problems, and they will go away
famous sons. Over 2,000 leading citizens his own daily life in the spirit of Brother- only when those problems have been solved
of Cleveland, of Ohio, and of the Nation hood of Man under the Fatherhood of God to . . . by the efforts of individuals and orga-
gathered to pay him a well deserved the measureless spiritual as well as material nizations that have the vision to see beyond
benefit of others. the symptoms to the underlying causes.
tribute. Thus the distinguished name of Maurice I do not, of course, mean to say that there
Thomas Vail, editor of the Cleveland Saltzman is inextricably linked with the is not danger and violence and at times plain
Plain Dealer, served as toastmaster and distinguished National Human Relations stupidity in some of the protest and demon-
presented an impressive array of speak- Award tonight, and becomes a member of stration that seem so popular these days.
ers, including Dr. Sterling W. Brown, the select company of its proud and humble Every period of change brings out those
president of the National Conference of possessors. elements. But the task of those of us who
Christians and Jews, and Gov. George -L. B. S. choose sounder methods for solving social
problems is to devote ourselves with equal
W. Romney. Mr. Speaker, the response of Maurice dedication to the noble task of making this
Among those participating in the Saltzman following presentation of the a better place to live.
awarddinner were prominent leaders of award stands as a challenge to purpose- For if we are to be honored by the genera-
religious life in Ohio, Most Rev. Clarence ful action by all who care about the wel- tions that come after us, both as individuals
G. Issenmann, coadjutor bishop of the fare and the future of our Nation. and as organizations, we must see beyond
Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, Rev. O. M. The text of his remarks follows: the turmoil and rioting. Our objective is
Hoover, minister of Olivet Institutional social justice and a better world for all.
ACCEPTANCE REMARKS BY MR. SALTZMAN And we will not achieve it by standing pat
Baptist Church, and Rabbi Alan S. Mr Chairman, sometimes a man's feelings or by sighing after the good old days that
Green, of Temple Ernanu El in Univer- run so deep that there is no way for him to really weren't that good. Our thoughts
sity Heights. It was my privilege to be express them fully. Tonight is one of those and our actions should be concerned with
present at the national award dinner. times, the tough and earthy problems of a chang-
Francis A. Coy, served as general I appreciate more than I can say the ing present and an exciting future . . .
chairman, and Abe M. Luntz as arrange- honor that is being paid to me. I am keenly and not with recapturing of the past.
ments chairman, in making this an out- aware of how distinguished have been those I welcome the challenge of our day. I
standing success. who received the award in previous years, am tremendously hopeful. Catholics, Prot-
Some warm insights on the life and and I am thrilled to join their company. estants and Jews are talking together and
I have been involved in the affairs of this working together as never before in history.
character of Maurice Saltzman were in- Conference for many years and I am, of Negroes are moving into posts of responsi-
cluded in the printed program and-signed course, delighted that it should have chosen bility as never before. We are beginning to
by three initials that are legendary in me to symbolize the dedication of its volun- address ourselves to the great problems of
Cleveland, L.B.S.-Louis B. Seltzer, re- teer workers. And I am grateful to all of poverty as never before.
tired editor of the Cleveland Press. you who have come here tonight to rededi- Of course the dangers ahead are great.
I include Mr. Seltzer's tribute at this cate yourselves to the work of the Confer- Only a fool would deny that we are living at
point in my remarks: ence and to share with me this wonderful a time when the whole world may smash
experience. up. But only a fool would fail to recognize
Being rich doesn't mean the same to Mau- But none of these expressions of gratitude that we are also living in an age when, for
rice Saltzman as it may to most of us. can begin to convey how much this evening the first time, we have a chance to create a
His parents died before he was five. He means to me. i have, therefore, come to the really magnificent world for all men ... if
had to be sequestered in an orphanage- conclusion that the only satisfactory way to we are imaginative enough and flexible
Bellefaire-where he remained until he grad- show appreciation for all the blessings we enough and courageous enough to bring it
uated from Cleveland Heights High School, receive in this blessed land is- not through into being. And if we work through not
with. excellent grades. words, but through acts. only our'words but through our acts.
How he started in the garment business, And that is my theme for the few remarks In these dramatic days, words of good will
learned the ropes, launched his own com- I wish to make tonight . . That all of us, are no longer enough. What good is an
pang at the age of 21 with only $2000 and individuals and organizations alike, will be expression of friendship between two friends
built the fabulous, more than $100,000,000 judged, not by what we say, but by what if they cannot break bread together because
Bobble Brooks empire are chapters of the we do. of practices that have no place in the mod-
Maury Saltzman story that are known to all. For we are truly living in a revolutionary ern world? How can there be real friend-
So is the fact that he took into his organs- age. Some people and some organizations ship . not a friendship of words ... if
zatian other Bellefaire orphans and saw find that condition extremely uncomfortable. our practice is so unfriendly.
Bobbie Brooks thrieve all the more because I have no doubt there were thousands of Some of us do not approve of demonstra-
of their skill and devotion. Americans at the time of the Revolutionary tions, in the sense that the word is used
So Maury Saltzman, still in his 40's has War who wished that they were not living these days. But if we don't, we had better
become by any standard a very wealthy man. in a time of political revolution. Some of do our own type of demonstrating ... dem-
B st money is only the materially measur- them went away to Canada to spare them- onstrating that this city is a model city in
able part of his wealth, lie is far richer than selves the turmoil of wrestling with the great human relations ... that it is prepared to
many realized because he learned as a young military and political problems of their day. face up to the tough, concrete everyday
man that the richest part of life is sharing But those we remember and honor are those problems of getting rid of every vestige of
with, working for, putting an arm of friend- who stayed and became involved in solving racial and religious discrimination.
ship around the shoulders of others. the day by day problems the country faced. We shall be judged by our acts, not by our
Over his busy years Maury has injected I have no doubt there were millions of peo- words .
the same zest with which he made a success ple all over the world at the time of the In-' And so, Mr. Chairman, I accept this award
of business into all manner of civic and dustrial Revolution who wished they had not by dedicating myself and my energies to the
welfare work. been born in that revolutionary age. They same task as this Conference is dedicated
He has already in his youthful life been were dismayed by all the technical changes to: to make the Fatherhood of God and the
chairman of tremendously successful Jew- and yearned for "the good old days" when, Brotherhood of Man not just glittering
ish welfare fund-raising campaigns.... they thought, there were no problems. But empty phrases but the profound, living com-
He has lent his skillful guidance to the those we remember and honor are those who mitments that will reshape the daily life of
United Appeal.... He has been a wise and became deeply involved in all the problems all our people.
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 Approved
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it Where is all this going to end unless we
take a stand against these continuing
policies and programs which can only
further undermine the dollar-that basic
pillar of all free world monetary respon-
sibility and physical defense.
I ask unanimous consent that this arti-
cle from the June 22 New York Times be
Inserted at this point in the RECORD.
Thore being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York Times, June 22, 1966]
AID RISE SOUGHT FOR POOR LANDS-WORLD
.BANK'S CHIEF WARNS FUNDS ARE DEPLETED
WASHINGTON, June 21.-George D. Woods,
president of the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (World
Bank), said today he would begin a cam-
paign early next month to win increased
funds for the International Development As-
sociation, the soft-loan arm of the World
Bank.
Mr. Woods predicted difficulty in winning
Senate approval for the appropriation, but
said it was essential if the I.D.A, was to con-
tinue operations beyond the end of this year.
"We have about run out of funds," he
said.
The I.D.A. makes interest-free development
loans on 50-year terms to countries that do
not qualify for regular World Bank credit.
Mr. Vifoods said there was no question that
the United States and the six other coun-
tries that provided the bulk of support for
I.D.A.-Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Ja-
pan and Canada-would continue their sup-
port. "The only question is how much," he
declared.
Mr. Woods made his remarks in a review of
the bank's activities to a group of newsmen
at an annual briefing session at the bank's
headquarters here.
Earlier, Irving S. Friedman, his economic
adviser, estimated that the less-developed
nations could use $3-billion to $4-billion
more in development aid, largely on I.D.A.-
type terms. He said this assessment resulted
from a country-by-country review made a
year ago and that the need was even greater
now.
Mr. Woods said greater cooperation be-
tween the World Bank and the International
Monetary Fund was developing in handling
the problems of countries than ran into debt-
rescheduling difficulties. He suggested that
the problems were likely to increase.
The World Bank president said he was
hopeful that he would be able to announce
the final signature and ratification of the in-
ternational agreement creating a Concilia-
tion and Arbitration Service under World
Bank auspices by the end of September, the
date of the institution's annual meeting.
He said that 20 nations had to approve the
agreement, which for the first time provides
machinery for settling disputes between gov-
ernments and private concerns. So far, he
said, 37 nations have signed the agreement
and six have ratified it, lie added that if
ratification was not accomplished by this
year's annual meeting, "it certainly would be
by next year."
Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President,
Mr. SYMINGTON. I am happy to
yield, if I have time remaining.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The time of the Senator has ex-
pired.
Mr. CLARK, Mr. President, I yield 1
minute to the Senator from Massachu-
?setts [Mr. SALTONSTALLI to continue the
colloquy.
I wish to point out that the rule of
germaneness is technically in effect.
Many Senators are most anxious to com-
plete action on the pending bill. They
have important engagements. While I
do not wish to be discourteous to any
Senator, I must hold down the amount
of time taken for ordinary morning hour
business.
Mr. President, I yield 1 minute to the
Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SAL-
TONSTALL] for colloquy with the Senator
from Missouri [Mr. SYMINGTON].
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the
Senator from Pensylvania.
The point that the Senator from Mis-
souri [Mr. SYMINGTON] is making is that
where these other nations today have
capital, the sale of the World Bank
bonds, and so on, should be made and
bought in those countries rather than
sold in the United States. That is fun-
damental.
Mr. SYMINGTON. The able Senator
Is correct. That is one of the points
made.
Why go to the New York market for
money when money is already so tight
here in the United States, and when
bonds could be sold abroad if a real effort
was made? This money is ultimately
for loans abroad.
Secondly, it is unfortunate that now
when some hard loans, of the World
Bank, come due, apparently the only
way they can be paid out is by tapping
the soft loan window of that Bank. This
shows it actually was not a hard loan
at all.
The plan now being developed can only
work further against our very serious
balance-of-payments problem; and of
course against the best interest of the
American taxpayer.
Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the
Senator.
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, I yield
myself 1 minute.
I was most impressed by the percep-
tive observation which my friend, the
Senator from Missouri [Mr. SYMINGTON]
makes.
I recall with him the eloquence with
which the minority leader [Mr. DIRK-
SEN] offered his proposal a year ago.
That proposal will be before us again,
together with the entire problem, in a
couple of weeks.
I thank the Senator from Missouri
[Mr. SYMINGTON] for the perceptive
comments he has made.
Mr. SYMINGTON. I deeply appre-
ciate the comments of the senior Sen-
ator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTON-
STALL] and the distinguished assistant
minority leader [Mr. KUCHELI, and I
am gratified to note their interest in this
important matter.
ORDER OF, BUSINESS
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, will the
Senator from California [Mr. KucHEL],
as manager of the minority, yield to the
Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SAL-
TONSTALLI time on the bill?
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, I yield
4 minutes to the distinguished Senator
from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALLI.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that after the Senator from Massa-
chusetts [Mr. SALTOFSTALL ] has con-
cluded, that the absence of a quorum be
suggested without impinging on the time
under the control of either side.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum.
Mr. JAVITS. If the Senator will
withhold his request for a moment, let
me ask whether this is under the unani-
mous-consent request that the time will
not be charged to the bill?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The Senator is correct.
The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. MORSE. 14r. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Pennsylvania yield me 2
minutes on the bill?
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, reserving
my rights under the rule of germaneness,
which I may have to invoke, I am happy
to yield 2 minutes an the bill to the
Senator from Oregon.
Mr. MORSE. I thank the Senator
from Pennsylva ia. Mr. President, I
regret to interru t a unanimous-consent
agreement on a ending legislation, but
after all 111
U a brief discussion of
our war \o)~ic ould come first.
THE BOMBING OF NORTH VIETNAM
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, We have
all received the tragic news over the
wire services of the bombing by American
planes within 3 miles of the heart of
Hanoi, as well as the news of the bomb-
ing by American planes of docks in Hai-
phong Harbor.
Those of us who, from the beginning,
have opposed the immorality and illegal-
ity of the U.S. war in southeast Asia are
shocked and saddened by this inexcus-
able escalating of the war by the John-
son administration. In the very brief
period I shall take, I wish to say that in
my judgment this shocking international
outlawry on the part of the Johnson ad-
ministration in southwest Asia should,
at least symbolically, lower to half mast
every American flag everywhere in the
world.
This course of warmaking by our
country in an undeclared war has dem-
onstrated to the world that the greatest
threat to the peace of the world Is now
the United States. We can no longer,
out of nationalistic smugness, take the
position that our undeclared war does
not endanger the lives of thousands of
innocent civilians-men, women, and
children in the population center of
Hanoi.
This is the course of action that a
General Ridgway, a General Gavin, and
a George Kennan warned the American
people months ago would be our coun-
try's course of action if we did not stop
escalating the war.
As one opposed to this war from the
beginning, let me say to the American
people, "Your Government is conducting
a shocking act of outlawry which will
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Mr. President, Senator HARTKE has
raised, the question of the meaning of the
language In the committee report on
page 6 of this bill and whether it is de-
signed to create an apparent exemption
of calls made for legitimate business.
For example, a call made by a bill col-
lector. This language was inserted in an
effort to clarify the fact that a legitimate
call can be made even though it might
harass the person called.
Repeated calls by a bill collector or
the use of obscene language even by
someone in business or trying to collect
the bill Is still prohibited by this legisla-
tion. Anyone pursuing legitimate busi-
ness by telephone may do so so long as he
adheres to the letter and intent of this
act. The language of the report in no
way should be construed to give special
license to bill collectors, creditors, or any-
one else even though his purpose be legit-
imate business.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The question is on agreeing to the
committee amendment.
The amendment was agreed to.
The bill (S. 2825) was ordered to be
engrossed for a third reading, was read
the third time, and passed.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I yield
8 minutes on the bill to the Senator from
Missouri [Mr. SYMINGTON].
THE WORLD BANK AND ITS
SOFT LOAN WINDOW
Mr, SYMINGTON, Mr. President,
with respect to the offering of $175
million of bonds of the International
Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-
ment.-World Bank-in the United
States, and its effect upon the balance-
of-payments problem of this country,
apparently the World Bank did not think
much of our apprehensions.
In this connection, despite the Bank
believing that this money could not be
borrowed abroad, the Inter-American
Development Bank has just announced
that it has borrowed $10 million in Japan
alone.
The all Street Journal of June 14
states:
George D. Woods, president, told a press
conference that, in planning the offering, the
international agency had agreed with the
U.S. Treasury to initially invest the proceeds
in the U.S. Government agency obligations
and U.S. bank deposits to eliminate any
immediate effect on the U.S. balance-of-
payments deficit ...
In a statement before this body on
June 16, however, I raised the question:
Why is it necessary to issue these bonds
if they are not going to be used for the
purpose for which the World Bank is
organized, namely, for making loans to
other countries?
The bonds have behind them the guar-
antee of the callable capital subscribed
to by the United States; and in the past
World Bank bonds have been rated
"triple A."
Why is it necessary to now offer more
of them for sale through the "investment
fraternity," when credit is already so
tight In the United States, and at a time
when American corporations are being
asked to curtail their investment pro-
grams, in this country as well as abroad.
My overriding concern is the effect of
such World Bank financing on the U.S.
balance of payments. Although, in this
particular issue, the World Bank said
they would not use the proceeds for loans
until the end of 1967, at the time time
they stated they expected to go back to
the U.S. money market with new bond
issues every fiscal year. The Bank has
also left the door open to come back to
the U.S. market any time before 1967.
Last year the Bank sold $200 million
in the U.S. market. It is true some of
the bonds were sold abroad, but it is fair
to assume that most of them. find their
way into U.S. investment portfolios.
What the World Bank is creating by
these annual security issues is a contin-
ual flow of dollar funds which, of course,
they intend to loan to other countries;
and the annual report of the Bank for
the fiscal year 1965, page 14, indicates
that the commitments and disbursements
of the Bank have been increasing by
leaps and bounds.
Disbursements have increased from an
average of approximately $500 million
a year between fiscal year 1959 and fiscal
year 1961 to $600 million in fiscal year
1965; but commitments have increased
from approximately $625 million a year
in the fiscal year, 1959-61 period to over
$1 billion in 1965.
Admittedly, the Bank is going to need
money to meet these commitments; and
this brings us to the question of what
will happen to the. U.S. balance of pay-
ments as these disbursements are made.
The record shows that identifiable pro-
curement in the United States under
World Bank loans in recent years is be-
tween 20 and 30 cents out of every dol-
lar disbursed. The rest adds to our bal-
ance-of-payments imbalance by going to
other countries.
It is clear that the World Bank is
laying the groundwork now, for contin-
ual dollar outflow in the future, and
unless this program is at least cut down
to she, we will have that much more
difficulty in finding our way out of the
quagmire of international deficits.
Last year the distinguished Senator
from Illinois, the minority leader, of-
fered an amendment to the Foreign Aid
Act which directed the Secretary of the
Treasury, or his designated representa-
tive, "to refuse to permit the flotation in
the United States of new security issues
of the World Bank and the .Inter-Amer-
ican Development Bank, and to refuse
to permit the proceeds of dollar borrow-
ing of either of these two institutions
from U.S. financial institutions to be
exchanged for the currency of any other
country until the United States had ex-
perienced a surplus in its balance of pay-
ments for four consecutive quarters."
After assurance was given the Senate
by the Secretary of. the Treasury that
the balance-of-payments effects of these
security issues would be considered in
any new proposals, the minority leader
did not press his amendment.
I hope he will offer it again this year.
He should have our full support, because
it would seem more necessary than ever
to have congressional expression on this
question.
What are the influences in the United
States that are so strong as to achieve
this continuance of a policy of "business
as usual," a policy which in turn con-
tinues to' erode the stability of the dollar
and its purchasing power?
And there is more to all this than the
above. As of March 31 of this year, the
World Bank had $2,158 million as an
undisbursed balance of effective loans.
At the same time the Bank held loans
in the total amount of $6,272 million.
Most of these loans-and one would
presume commitments-are to a number
of countries.
Outstanding loans to~ndia for example
total $707 million, to Japan $656 million,
to Mexico $507 million, to the Philippines
$100 million, to Brazil $223 million, to
Colombia $331 million.
Now one of the principal arguments
being made for the currently requested
foreign aid program, and for such soft
loan windows as the International Devel-
opment Association-soft loan window of
the World Bank-is the debt burden of
aid-receiving countries.
In the Foreign Affairs magazine-Jan-
uary 1966, volume 44, No. 2-the Presi-
dent of the World Bank summed it all up
when he said:
The solution of the debt problem is within
the power and the means of the developed
countries. They can ease their own terms,
and they can dispense finance through other
channels. One of the latter is the Bank's
affiliate, IDA, the major international insti-
tution for transferring capital to the low-
income countries on concessional terms.
IDA's clients so far comprise 29 of the poorest
nations; its credits are extended free of in-
terest (although there is a small service
charge) and fora term of 50 years.
There has been little delay in imple-
menting these plans, as evidenced by an
article of June 22 in the New York Times
which starts off :
George D. Woods, president of the Inter-
national Bank for Reconstruction and De-
velopment (World Bank), said today he
would begin a campaign early next month
to win increased funds for the International
Development Association, the soft-loan arm
of the World Bank.
Mr. Woods predicted difficulty in winning
Senate approval for the appropriation, but
said it was essential if the I.D.A. was to con-
tinue operations beyond the end of this
year.
"We have about run out of funds," he said.
It is all getting to be quite interesting.
The World Bank continues to make hard
loans from. borrowings in the U.S. mar-
ket, which borrowings add to the dollar
drain. Then later the World Bank comes
out for soft loans from their soft loan
window in order to help many of these
borrowers repay their World Bank obli-
gations on what we the people had: pre-
sumed was a sound hard loan. This fur-
ther adds to the dollar drain.
Let us note the interesting comment:
We have about run out of funds.
As the fiscal and monetary problems
of the United States continue to increase,
are we in turn to continue, forever, at
the American taxpayers' expense, heavy
50-year, no-interest rate loans to other
countries, at the same time domestic
credit is steadily tightening in this coun-
try.
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1116', 4d luc
eottntry'for generations to come." tion of thewr-eader. On the contrary, it is would be neither possible nor permissiule
Mr. President, I continue to plead that a deliberate and saddening conclusion to for me to ignore the inescapable parallels
we return to the framework of our ideal- which I have been forced by my personal which find American Catholics and their
As each spiritual leaders remaining silent before the
t
s.
ism and our Constitution. The American interpretation of current even
people should demand that the President day passes with its new quota of injustice fact of the misdeeds being committed today
of the rifted States stop this shocking and atrocity, one thing becomes ever clearer. by our nation and its allies. Indeed, not
eak the
bombing in North Vietnam we will adins- fact, some of accomplices, before
ect participation, the word of pr test that is so desperately needed;
tnam rest of us by our silent acquiescence. Catholic opinion, where it is registered, seems
ing to the that we North Vietnam dispense
with further bombing in North V This is not just a personal judgment to favor an extension of those same policies
and call upon the other nations who are reached by me and the rest of the dissident which have led to the crimes described,
members of the United Nations to join few in our midst who are trying to register We have, for instance, the recent report of
us in enforcing a peace in southeast Asia. some effective protest. My observation and the shocking (but not at all surprising!) re-
an elsewhere in sults of a national poll in which more than
I
E
an
failure to- order a cease-fire in southeast
Asia and proceed to enforce it. The
United States has a solemn obligation to
history to support a cease-fire order.
I ask unanimous consent that a clip-
ping from the Capital Times of Madison,
Wis., dated June 27, 1966, be printed at
this place in the RECORD, and that it be
followed by an article "The Crime of
Silence" from the June 17, 1966, issue of
the Commonweal. The author, Gordon
Zahn, is professor of sociology at Loyola
University in Chicago.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[Frpm the Capital Times (Madison, Wis.)
June 27,19661.
LAIRD SHEDS 'HAWK' FEATHERS
.Representative MELVIN LAIRD, Republican
of Marshfield, emphatically disputes those
Wisconsin Democrats who paint him as an
arch-warhawk uging expansion of the Viet
Nam war.
"I m keeping the Republicans quiet on
the issue. It is ridiculous to talk about mili-
tary victory in Southeast Asia. I favor peace
with each new -u- ,- - -?~ ~-------- ___
Vietnam. We cannot ignore it when a prom- whatever added force is necessary! I would
inent German liberal writer demands pub- like to think that these Catholics really did
licly that American politicians and gener- not mean what they said (nuclear bombing,
als be brought before a new international perhaps? a "Final Solution" exterminating
tribunal to face charges of violating the all suspected of Vietcong sympathies?). Un-
standards we ourselves proclaimed at Nur- fortunately, I am pessimistic enough to be-
emberg. Nor should we be took quick to lieve they did, and my pessimism is not at
pass this off as some fanatically extreme (or all lessensed by the appeal by one of our
even "Communist-inspired") opinion. leading Catholic "experts" in international
There are war criminals in our midst, and affairs that we revise our traditional moral
what is far worse, we know of them and teaching on war to permit the intentional
their deeds-and close our eyes to them. killing of innocents!
For example, some of these criminals were Catholics today are appalled by the flag-
shown on Chicago television not too long rant nationalism in the statements of Mili-
ago in a film documentary prepared by the tary Bishop Rarkowski during the Nazi
Canadian Broadcasting System. One mem- period. But what are we to make of the
orable sequence concerned an act that, to say statements of our own military bishop who
the least, was a clear violation of the Geneva seems to have gone beyond even those ex-
conventions. A Vietcong captive was tremes? At least Bishop Rarkowski couched
stretched out on the ground with one of his his enthusiasm for Nazi Germany's war effort
captors kneeling on his groin while another in his apparently sincere, however deluded
poured hatfuls of water down the victim's we might think it to be, conviction that
nostrils. When the unfortunate captive Hitler's wars were just wars. Cardinal Spell-
finally died-still "on camera," mind you- man, however, has reportedly embraced
his body was unceremoniously kicked aside Decatur's dictum that, right or wrong, the
into a ditch. It is hard to decide which was nation's cause is to be supported. (And what
worse: the disgusting deed itself or the pic- is perhaps more scandalous than the Cardi-
ture of the others who stood around (Ameri- nal's statement is the fact that our more dis-
cans included, needless to say) looking quite tinguished journals of Catholic opinion have
th t comment )
ou
_
est of the hard liners" and is determined to pleased, even entertained, by the gruesome
spare no resource's in an effort to win the proceedings.
war. The same program went on to feature an
At the same time, according to LAIRD, American pilot filmed in the process of coIn-
Johnson seeks to pose as a moderate, "by pleting a "successful" bombing mission.
pointing to MORSE and FULBRIGHT on one One had to see and hear this to catch the
hand and by trying to find some Republicans excitement and jubilation in the pilot's voice
he can point to on the other." as he described the splendor of the hits and
"But as long as I am chairman of the the panic of the villagers scurrying for their
House minority conference he's not going to lives while he looked down on them from
be able to drive down that middle course." above. It took me back to the Thirties for
"I have cautioned my people not to attack a moment, recollecting the horrified gasp
FULBRIGIIT and FULBRIGHT has told me he ap- with which most Americans greeted that
preciated'what I was doing.' Italian pilot who spoke of the "beauty" he
LAIRD feels the administration made a found in the mixture of bombs, blood and
grave blunder in Viet Nam by sending in flame that reminded him of "flowers" burst-
ground troops rather than "using the power Ing into bloom as he ran his missions against
we had in areas where we are supreme"- the helpless Ethiopians. (One might even
- namely air power and a "Kennedy-type" say the Italian must be given the better of
blockade of Haiphong. _ the comparison: his was an ecstasy born of
Before the massive increase of U.S. In- aesthetic appreciation; our countryman's de-
fantry forces, LAIRD says he told President light stressed the technical perfection and
Johnson "person to person," that LBJ would sheer efficiency of his operation.)
never succeed in pressuring the Reds to the The case does not rest on a single television
bargaining table through land warfare. documentary, however. Our national press
"But that advice was rejected, because has provided detailed descriptions of in-
Johnson-no matter what he told the pub- numerable other instances of similar be-
lic-decided to, go for victory and not for havlor-served to us, replete with photo-
negotiations." graphs in many cases-with our breakfast
Now LAIRD feels it is too late to reverse the coffee. Sometimes the atrocities are com-
strategy because the troop outflow is "pro- mitted by our own men; more often by the
grammed for the next seven months." allies for whose actions we must take full
LAIRD predicts there will be more than responsibility, since it is our support and
400,000 American servicemen in Viet Nam encouragement that makes those actions pos-
6bortlV, with no end in sight-either to the sible. If, as it has been charged, Oradour
[From the Commonweal, June 17, 1966] our consciences; and we should insist that
THE CRIME OF SILENCE-ARE WE ACCOMPLICES those immediately responsible for them must
IN MASS MURDER IN VIETNAM? someday be brought to judgment.
(By Gorden. C. Zahn, author of "German in a special sense, all of this involves us
Catholics and Hitler's Wars") not only as Americans but as Christians and
My thesis simply stated is this: our gov- Catholics. In view of all the writing I have
ernment is making murderers of us all. done about the failure of German Catholics
let it pass wi
THE WAY THE WAR IS FOUGHT
The justice or injustice of the war in Viet-
nam is not the central issue in this article,
however. I have made it sufficiently clear
elsewhere-and will undoubtedly find other
occasions for doing so-that I do consider
this a patently unjust war. But I am con-
cerned here with something quite different:
the acts and policies associated with the
prosecution of the war which ought to be
condemned by every Christian, even those-
especially those-who do not share my over-
all rejection of the war itself.
Nor can this be read as justifying or "for-
giving" the crimes committed by those on
the other side. Murder and terrorism are to
be condemned outright and unequivocally,
irrespective of who may be employing them
or for what purpose. It is quite irrelevant,
too, whether the National Liberation Front
assassinations of village officials be numbered
in the tens, the hundreds, or the thousands-
just as irrelevant as that senseless debate as
to whether the Nazis exterminated six million
Jews or "only" one million. The willful mur-
der of even one man (whether by Nazi, Viet-
cong, South Vietnamese, or American "ad-
visor") is a crime and deserves unhesitating
condemnation as such. But of course, our
primary responsibility is still the crimes
committed by our men and our allies, and it
is with these that this article is concerned.
Unless and until a massive Christian pro-
test is voiced, that responsibility will not be
met. There is little hope that improvement
will originate with the national Administra-
tion. President Johnson shows little or no
concern that his most consistent and enthu-
siastic support is coming from those very
persons and groups who opposed him at the
last election. In fact, he seems to rejoice in
this as a manifestation of some kind of
national "consensus," conveniently over-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE June 29 -4966
looking the fact that he has lost the support under the principle of the double effect or sightedly failed to request adequate
of Many who helped elect him. There is any of the other loopholes we so conveniently funds for ongoing, and authorized hos-
riluch justice to the cynical observation that, read into the traditional "lust war" morality. pital training and health care programs
as long as we have the Goldwater policy, we The weapons we are using in Vietnam and
might just as well have taken the man. If the targets we have chosen (not to mention to meet the acknowledged needs occa-
might else, that policy would have been those additional targets already being dis- stoned by medicare, population growth
presented in the blunt candor that distin- cussed as the next stage of escalation!), and and the advancement of medical science.
guishes its author's public posture and not all the other "irregularities" that occur with In addition, it has neglected to propose
smothered, as each new escalation has been, diabolical regularity-these have stripped new programs to meet these easily antic-
in the sickening syrup of pietistic self- off the disguises and nullified the qualifies- ipated needs.
righteousness. hope that more of our Cath- t ions ns so that murder stands revealed as mur- In enacting medicare, the Congress
olics in the national legislature would be It should not be left to a small, but hap- and the Federal Government have, how-
exerting their influence to assure a fuller pily growing, minority of Catholic priests and ever, assumed a considerable responsi-
recognition of, and respect for, the essential laymen to try to redeem the day for the bility. We have entered into a compact
demands of morality; but, here again, the Church in America in much the same manner with 17 million of our citizens to pro-
pattern seems to be that of an uncritical as that even smaller handful of German vide effective insurance against crushing
acceptance of whatever policy the State De- Catholics who dared to resist the Nazi power, health care bills in their old age. We
partment and the generals present as "neces- Our spiritual leaders have far less to justify have exacted an individual premium for
sary." We can take great pride in the out- their silence: no Gestapo is likely to be this protection and also we have directly
standing exceptions to this, men like Sena- pounding on their doors or dragging their
tors KENNEDY and MCCARTHY to mention priests off to concentration camps. At least taxed our working men and women, and
only two, but the sad fact remains that the not yet. our businesses under the social security
more consistent and certainly the most out- There will be some to say that I have too system to pay for it. Beginning Friday,
spoken opposition to the Nation's involve- much stress on the German parallels, and we must be ready to deliver.
ment in Vietnam have come from men who perhaps I have. In quantity and essential In the year since the Social Security
are not of our faith. quality, the American atrocities in Vietnam Amendments Act of 1965 became law, the
Perhaps we cannot be too critical of our fall far short of the crimes perpetrated by Federal Government has been taking a
Catholic politicians on this score. The same the Third Reich. But the parallels are there, long, hard look at the facilities which we
pattern of unconcern and disregard has and they are growing more insistent. Note, have available for health care. The pie-
marked the actions (or, to he more accurate, if you will, the developing "cult of the green
the absence of any action) on the part of the beret" (with its equivalent of the Horst Wes- ture has not been reassuring. We find
hierarchy itself. Pope Paul (and John XXIII eel song and all!). I would suggest that that we have an acute shortage of hos-
before him) might vs well have been speak- there are great similarities here to the pitals, of nursing homes and of doctors,
ing as a Moslem leader if we are to judge adulation lavished upon the S.S. and S.A. nurses, technicians, and other health
by the echo his consistent appeals of peace "elite" corps in their day, to say nothing of personnel. We also find that a large
and peace action have received from the spir- the similarity in the "special services" they number of hospitals in some States re-
itual sppkesmen for the American Catholic performed. main segregated. While I applaud the
flock. That scandalous eagerness on the The parallels should be recognized for what efforts of many in the Federal Govern,
part of those Repistcr Catholics to embrace they are, and this recognition should force
"whatever added force is needed to win" can all of us to re-examine and re-evaluate the ment to remedy these situations, I view
be traced in large part to the failure of our nation's policies and our inescapable share of with alarm and a sense of imminent cri-
bishops to provide any moral guidance or di- the responsibility for those policies and their sis the inauguration of the new program.
rection on this crucial moral issue. Refusal consequences. The blood of innocents is Only last week, the White House an-
is lrobably a more accurate word than "fail- already upon our hands. The longer we nounced that 80 percent of all hospitals
ure" in this context, as the editors of Con- tolerate these things in silence, the greater in the country have been accredited for
tinuum and the National Catholic Reporter will be the blot upon our national honor and medicare and will be ready, at the end
discovered in their futile effort to get the the burden of sin upon our individual souls. of the week to offer benefits and services
bishops to take a stand, or even to express an
opinion, on some of the more pressing moral to older citizens. This hopeful figure,
aspects of the war. One watches with great PROMISE OF MEDICARE TARNISHED however, is a national one, and obscures
interest to see how Dr. O'Brien's comments BY SEGREGATION AND BY SHORT- the core of the problem-the shocking
on the question of intentional killing of in- shortage of accredited hospitals in
nocents will be greeted by bishops who so AGES BORN OF ADMINISTRATION Southern States. In Mississippi, for ex-
recently participated in the quite contrary BUDGET SYNDROME ample, only 21.2 percent of all hospitals
decision reached by the Father? of Vatican have complied with Federal regulations
H. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I yield
No one is insisting upon an official con- myself 5 minutes on the bill and ask and are ready to mserve older
y 1. I all A ab mtizen2
demnation of the war or formal anathemas unanimous consent that I may proceed perce equality the hospitals have qualified;
directed against those who take part it. out of order.
This would not, and should not, be the role in Georgia, 49.1 percent; Louisiana, 45.7
of the bishop in this era of the emergent lay- The ACTING PRESIDEN'T' pro tem- percent; and South Carolina, 50.5 per-
man. Protest in the bishop's own name pore. Without objection, the Senator cent. The reason certification has been
would be enough; less than that, however, is from New York is recognized for 5 min- withheld is the persistent, willful and
a scandal. When murder and torture be- utes, illegal refusal of hospitals in these States
come an everyday item in the newspapers Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, the re- to admit and treat patients without re-
and when they are done in "excused" i of a marks I wish to make this morning re- gard to race.
national policy or even only late to the fact that the medicare p
light of that policy, silence is worse than a program for the aged will take effect This is the not Federal a new or unexpected
light It becomes a crime. on mand by ment. . This
Government. eet de-
One can understand the hesitancy on the Friday, July 1. I invite the attention of is not a roadblock thrown up to hinder
part of a bishop who finds it difficult to sug- the Senate to the fact that we are not the implementation of medicare or to
gest to the men of his flock who have been ready for it, that there 'is bound to be deny large numbers of older citizens the
called into service (and to the families they great difficuly because we are not ready right to benefits. The Impasse is the
left behind!) that perhaps they should not for it and that the reason we are not direct results of the violation of a law that beithere, what t theyareshouldoin d certainly not cbe ready for it must be laid heavily at the signed 2 years ago this weekend. For a g here. We door of the administration.
also make allowance for the fact that our full 24 months, despite the efforts of the
bishops, like the rest of us, are susceptible Unfortunately, however, the shining Department of Health, Education and
to considerations of national pride and pa- promise of this program to provide med- Welfare, certain hospitals have been
triotic attachment that make it difficult to ical care for our older citizens is be- stalling on implementing desegregation
sake the true measure of our Nation's acts. clouded. On the eve of beginning this plans. Most of them were built with 80
But to recognize these factors is not to jus- new program we find that: percent Federal funds; many perform rc-
tify the silence, any more than these same First. Two years after title VI of the search under Federal grants, provide
;'actors can be used to justify the support Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted, a Federal assistance to ther nursing stu-
given by German bishops to Hitler's war ef- large number of hospitals in some States dents and receive Federal payments for
fort. When whole villages, inhabitants and remain segregated meaning all, are covered with a blanket of napalm will not provide equal g facilities that l they their t welfare refused to patients. admit and nd Yet have Per
o
merely because there is a suspicion that they for older sistentl ref treat Negro
may harbor the Vietcong, there can no longer citizens of all races under medicare; and patients, equally with whites. Now they
be any comfortable shelter for the Christian Second. The administration has short- expect continued and expanded Federal
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June 29, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Operations in such diverse areas as the Phila-
delphia and Harlem riots of 1064, the Watts
riot of 1965 and the current wave of anti-
Vietnamese-war demonstrations. The FBI
considers the tactic so insidious that it has
Issued special instructions to its agents, ex-
plaining that the communist aims are "to
arouse the passions.pf the people against law
enforcement; to rnik read the public; to smear,
discredit and weaken law enforcement every-
where; and to divide, confuse and reduce
seriously the strength of the opposition to
communism."
Blaming all "police *brutality" charges on
the communists would be as incorrect as dis-
missing entirely the Red role in false anti-
police propaganda. However, says Dr. Stefan
T. Possony of Stanford University,, an author-
ity on Red psychological warfare: "It doesn't
matter whether the propagandist's motive is
outright subversion or simply extremist ir-
responsibility. The potential results of de-
liberate faking of accusations are the same:
the communists want general public accept-
ance of the 'police brutality' slogan so they
can achieve police disarmament."
MAN IN THE MIDDLE
Today's police officer is truly a than in the
middle. Sociologists agree that slum dwell-
ers often turn on police as symbols of the
"power structure" that they blame for their
plight. Policemen are expected to be social
workers, judges, doctors and priests when
they go on duty; yet often they do not get
the official support they need. The former
police chief of a major city privately told me,
"Some politicians seem to regard gaining the
political s'Ipport of minority groups as more
Important than treating their accusations
against police with fairness and objectivity."
The police role has been made still harder
by instances of unbelievable judicial leni-
ency toward criminals." Take the case of
the three young men with police records who
made a vicious and unprovoked attack on
Chicago police officer Frank Perry in 1963.
.The attackers pleaded guilty. Astonishingly,
Cook County Judge Leslie E. Salter called
Officer Perry a "crybaby" and turned his as-
sailants loose on mere probation.
Compare with this the treatment of two
who punched and kicked two Liverpool, Eng-
land, policemen in 1962. They were sen-
tenced to 18 months in jail, promptly ap-
pealed the judge's harshness, only to have
the Court of Criminal Appeals double their
jail term. "There must be deterrent sen-
tences to ensure that police officers in Liver-
pool can safely carry out their duties," the
court declared.
Attacks on police have become so frequent
that the American Law Institute has recom-
mended that states pass a model law clearly
emphasizing the duty of every citizen to
come quietly when arrested by a badge-dis-
playing officer. Any questions of mistaken
arrest would then be settled in court rather
than in the street. The New York Times,
urging the state legislature to pass such a
law, declared, "In these days of increasing
hoodlumism and street crime, the com-
munity rightly expects the police to assume
risks, but in return it owes them reasonable
protection. Policemen forced to make
instantaneous decisions under trying circum-
stances should not become fair game for a
mob."
The well-publicized vilification of Amer-
ica's policemen is hiding the fact that the
police themselves are becoming the victims
of brutality. The FBI's Uniform Crime Re-
ports shows that one out of every ten po-
licemen was assaulted in 1964 (the most re-
cent year of record). In five years 225 offic-
ers were killed, and most of them left wives
and children. In 1964 alone, felons killed
57 policemen.
See "Take the Handcuffs off our Police I"
The Reader's Digest, September '64.
THE STAKES
The harsh fact is that our nation is be-
sieged by crime. During an average week,
one city of 1,800,000 has 566 burglaries, 114
robberies, 15 rapes and about four killings.
The situation is just as grim in suburban and
rural areas, where nearly one third of all
serious crimes occur among only one fifth of
the population.
Statistics, however appalling, fail to tell
the private horror of those attacked. A Los
Angeles man going about his daily business
is shot to death near his truck. A U.S. Con-
gressman working late in his Capitol Hill
office is knifed and robbed. A woman kneel-
ing In prayer is dragged to a confessional and
raped.
Anyone who has ever called for help In
such danger knows the feeling of terror, and
what it can mean to have police officers who
do not hesitate to respond instantly and
forcefully. Protecting the police from un-
just "brutality" smears is actually protect-
ing yourself. The stakes could be your
home-or your life.
AWARD TO STROM THURMOND
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, last
Saturday, June 25, our colleague, STROM
THURMOND, was honored by the Depart-
ment of South Carolina American Legion.
In recognition of his outstanding con-
tributions to his community, State, and
Nation, he was awarded the Distin-
guished Service Award.
Today I add my congratulations to
Senator THURMOND for this well-earned
recognition and to the South Carolina
American Legion for its worthy selection.
STROM THURMOND has had a long and
distinguished career both locally and na-
tionally. He served in the legislative,
judical, and executive branches of his
State's government before his election to
this body 12 years ago. He was a prac-
ticing attorney and farmer.
His varied experience makes his coun-
sel of great value. His military record
and service was outstanding and his
counsel concerning military prepared-
ness has thus acquired added persuasive-
ness. His active role in State govern-
ment gives urgency to his advocacy of the
position that in many areas the States
can simply do the better job.
He has a practical, commonsense ap-
proach to problems. And this approach
is bottomed on a philosophy of govern-
ment developed after long involvement
with the intricacies of public affairs, civil
and military; a deep love for our Con-
stitution and respect for and trust in the
people and their ability to govern them-
selves.
Senator THURMOND's varied career has
brought honor to his name. And well it
should, for he deserves the honors he
receives.
Mr. President, I join the South Caro-
lina American Legi n in recognizing his
contributions. I, to, salute this valu-
able and devgtcJ s vice on behalf of his
THE CIVIL WAR WITHIN THE CIVIL
WAR IN VIETNAM
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, while
the administration is escalating the un-
declared war in southeast Asia, appar-
ently in the belief that it can bomb our
folly to some successful conclusion, the
14057
political prospects which should have
been kept paramount are declining. It
could scarcely be otherwise in view of the
character of the self-imposed junta of
10 generals, whom the United States is
supporting.
Its Premier, Nguyen Cao Ky, whose one
hero, by his own declarations, is Adolf
Hitler, is using the weapons and materiel
supplied by the United States to suppress
the inevitable revolt in South Vietnam-
the civil war within the civil war-which
arises from his declared determination
that the promised elections will be par-
ticipated in only by those he and his fel-
low-generals approve. What a farce.
We are supposedly and allegedly support-
ing freedom and democracy.
It is pertinent that 9 of the 10 generals
composing the junta fought on the side
of the French to reimpose its colonial rule
on the people of Indochina. Obviously,
a people long fighting for their inde-
pendence, cannot be expected to be happy
about the self-imposition of generals who
opposed that independence.
This and much else is clearly brought
out in a news dispatch in this morning's
New York Times by its veteran corres-
pondent, Charles Mohr, entitled: "U.S.
Forces Frustrated in Political Aspects of
Vietnamese War."
The obvious conclusion of his story
would seem to be that we should not have
been in southeast Asia militarily in the
first place and should not be there now.
I ask unanimous consent that the
aforementioned article be printed at this
point in my remarks:
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York Times, June 29, 1966]
U.S. FORCES FRUSTRATED IN POLITICAL ASPECTS
OF VIETNAMESE WAR
(By Charles Mohr)
SAIGON, SOUTH VIETNAM, June 28-There
is wide recognition that ultimate success or
victory in the war in Vietnam will depend
on political as well as military action.
The necessary political action, however, is
difficult to implement. -
It is difficult to bring the impressive weight
of United States power to bear in rural South
Vietnam without killing and maiming civil-
ians as well as the guerrilla enemy.
It Is difficult to find the manpower, admin-
istrative skill and determination in South
Vietnam to carry out all of the desirable
social, economic and political programs.
It is even difficult to give South Vietnam
assistance without also causing inflation and
subsequent public discontent about living
costs.
On the purely military side, undeniable
progress has been made.
REBELS' LOSSES HIGH
The Vietcong guerrillas still control almost
as much territory and population as they did
when full-scale United States intervention
began last year, but the Vietcong's momen-
tum toward victory has been stopped.
Whether statistics are accurate or not,
punishing losses are being inflicted on the
Vietcong and the North Vietnamese regulars.
Some persons assume that the enemy
cannot sustain such losses much longer. This
is, however, only an assumption. As of mid-
1966, the guerrillas in South Vietnam remain
a formidable force, larger than a year ago.
"One of the encouraging trends is the dif-
ficulty we are having in getting them to
fight recently," said an American general,
explaining that this could mean that the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 29, 1966
effect of United States firepower was denying
the enerfiy any prudent way to employ his
troops.
American or South Vietnamese troops in-
creasingly move into enemy base areas and
stumble upon surprised guerrillas who, al-
most instinctively, stand and fight for as
long as they can.
This is a complete reversal of the usual
situation in guerrilla warfare.
Instead of picking their battleground, the
guerrillas are finding it difficult to arrange
profitable encounters and are obliged to fight
in their own backyard.
VIETCONG HARD TO FIND
However, as the general also noted, the
difficulty in engaging the enemy is a dis-
couraging As well as an encouraging trend.
Since the main thrust of the American mili-
tary effort is to find and destroy enemy mili-
tary units, any impediment to this process
is unwelcome.
Progress is less evident on the political side
of the war, and problems are abundant.
The United States military commander,
Gen. William C. Westmoreland, has given
special attention to the problem of civilian
casualties and has admonished his troops
that they must accept severe restraints on
the battlefield.
But the high level of military activity and
the need to save American lives are not al-
ways compatible with this policy. There are
no statistics on civilian casualties, but a visit
to any provincial hospital reveals many cases
of victims of United States air and artillery
power.
The Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam has
had some effect on military progress. For
many weeks the Government had more of
its elite forces tied up on political duty, and
lost control over at least one army division.
The Government of Nguyen Cao Ky has
survived these difficulties. But Premier Ky's
ability to stay in power through the use of
police force poses a question that observers
here are reluctant to answer.
Despite United States endorsement of the
Premier, few Americans here would contend
that he is an ideal instrument with which
to wage a guerrilla war.
Enormous attention has been given to the
question "Whom do the political Buddhists
represent?" but whom, some observers ask,
does Premier Ky represent?
In a way, the army. But even this is an
oversimplification. The real answer is that
South Vietnam does not have a Government
closely identified with the mass of the popu-
lation.
The most promising development of the
year has been the rural pacification program.
About 80 teams have begun to work in se-
lected villages to root out Vietcong political
workers, satisfy village complaints, provide
some security and improve the, standard of
life. Other teams are in training.
TWO KEY FACTORS SEEN
This is only a minuscule beginning in a
nation with 15,000 villages. Some Americans
see serious flaws in the program and one of
them thinks it has no more than 50-per-
cent chance of success. But'they find even
such a prospect reason for good cheer.
The final outcome of the war will prob-
ably be decided by two factors.
One will be the pacification program. By
common consensus the United States forces
cannot be driven from South Vietnam by any
means the North Vietnamese choose to throw
against it. But the alien Americans probably
cannot drive the Vietcong from the field,
either, until the rural population joins in the
effort.
The second factor is the determination of
the enemy and his allies.
Until now, North Vietnamese infiltration
into the South and local recruitment have
roughly kept pace with losses suffered.
How long this equilibrium will continue
may depend less on United States bombing
than on North Vietnamese will power versus
American will power. The North Vietnamese
still have at their command large reserves
to commit in the South. At the extreme,
there is the threat of Chinese Intervention.
"We've got a winning hand," said one
American officer, "but we've got to bet it. I
don't thing you can bluff' these people out
of the game."
.ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL
OCEANOGRAPHY ASSOCIATION
Mr. FONG. Mr. President, over the
weekend an announcement was made in
Washington concerning the formal or-
ganization of the National Oceanog-
raphy Association. The organization was
formed-in the words of a spokesman-
to meet the "need for an organization
through which thousands of members of
the general public could express their in-
terest and lend support for a greatly in-
creased national effort in oceanog-
raphy."
This is a most welcome development,
as there is a growing recognition of the
need to accelerate the tempo of this Na-
tion's oceanographic efforts. We have
lagged in this field in the past, and we
still do. It is my hope that through the
activities of groups like the National
Oceanography Association, we will be
able to make up for lost time and to
strengthen, enlarge, and improve our
current capabilities in marine science
and technology.
The formation of the National Ocean-
ography Association comes at a time
when this Congress is making a good
record in supporting oceanographic ac-
tivities.
The Marine Resources and Engineer-
ing Development Act, approved by this
Congress, was signed into law on June
10.
S. 2439, to establish sea grant colleges,
has been reported by the Senate Labor
and Public Welfare Committee. Hear-
ings on a similar bill have been held in
the House.
As a cosponsor of both the Marine Re-
sources Act and the sea grant college bill,
I am hopeful that the National Oceanog-
raphy Association will help to promote
public interest and support for the leg-
islation during its implementation.
On this occasion I extend my warm-
est congratulations and wish for the Na-
tional Oceanography Association many
years of fruitful and rewarding activities
in the advancement of oceanography.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD a press release de-
scribing the purposes and plans of the
National Oceanography Association and
listing the directors of the Association.
There being no objection, the press
release was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
WASHINGTON, D.C., June 26.-A group of
the top people in oceanography, including
representatives of major companies, scien-
tists and educators, are meeting in Washing-
ton today to formally organize the National
Oceanography Association.
With the stated purpose of mobilizing pub-
lic support for a "high priority, full-scale
national oceanography program, making use
of all necessary resources of industry, backed
up by the U.S. Government", NOA is expected
to be a powerful force in speeding develop-
ments in oceanography.
Those meeting here today are members of
the first Board of Directors of the National
Oceanography Association. The Board rep-
resents a broad cross section, including such
well-known people as J. Louis Reynolds,
Chairman of Reynolds International, Inc.;
Admiral Arthur W. Radford, U.S.N. (Ret.)
Former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff;
Walter Cronkite, News Editor of the Colum-
bia Broadcasting System; and Dr. William A.
Nierenberg, atomic scientist and Director of
the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
National officers will be elected at the
meeting.
Plans are being made by NOA's blue ribbon
board for a campaign of public information
and education to stimulate nationwide in-
terest and support for accelerating the re-
search and exploration of the ocean, and
making possible new uses of the ocean and
its resources.
A statement issued by the organizing
group in advance of the meeting said:
"Although important advances have been
made in the field of oceanography in recent
years, at the current rate of development of
scientific knowledge and engineering skills,
it will be many years before the United States
can begin to capitalize fully on ocean re-
sources. In the meantime, other nations
(principally Russia and Japan) have been
pushing ahead in what is clearly a race for
control of these resources.
"So vast and complex are the problems of
oceanography that their early solution re-
quires broad public support for a high-pri-
ority, full scale national oceanography pro-
gram in which all necessary resources of the
U.S. Government shall be used to supplement
those of industry. Such support is neces-
sary to accelerate research, exploration and
development of the ocean and thereby help
to assure our nation's security and economic
development.
"If the United States does not act quickly
to develop the capability of possessing and
controlling its marine environment, we may
find ourselves in the same situation as when
the first Sputnik was launched in outer
space. Furthermore, in "inner space"-the
ocean-there are great opportunities which
are not being realized because of the slow
pace of ocean development. The purpose of
NOA is to help take advantage of the op-
portunities-for national advancement, for
profit, for pleasure, and for meeting basic
human needs-which lie just across the
threshold of the ocean."
The first meeting of the Board of NOA
culminates more than a year of organiza-
tional work involving discussions with many
of the leaders in the field of oceanography
A spokesman for the organizing group said
that it became apparent months ago that
there was a need for an organization through
which thousands of members of the general
public could express their interest and lend
support for a greatly increased national ef-
fort in oceanography. NOA was formed to
meet that need.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE NATIONAL
OCEANOGRAPHY ASSOCIATION
Vincent R. Bailey, Vice President & Gen-
eral Manager, Perry Submarine Builders.
Inc., West Palm Beach, Florida.
Max Banzhaf, Staff Vice President, Arm-
strong Cork Company, Inc., Lancaster, Penn-
sylvania.
Dr. Thomas D. Barrow, Director, Humble
Oil & Refining Company, Houston, Texas.
Dr. William T. Burke, College of Law, Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Dr. W. M. Chapman, Director, Division of
Resources, Van Camp Sea Food Company,
San Diego, California.
John IT. Clotworthy, Vice President, West-
inghouse Defense & Space Center, General
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