ARMY MEDICAL SERVICE IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070014-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 27, 2005
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: May 9, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

Approve~~F
If o 966 YA- AF A446R000400070014-6
fy
Authority of April 28, 1966:
S. Res. 252. Resolution extending birthday
greetings to the Honorable Harry S. Tru-
man upon the occasion of his 82d birthday:
Mr. AIKEN, Mr. ALLOTT, Mr. ANDERSON, Mr.
.BARTLETT, Mr. BASS, Mr. BAYH, Mr. BIBLE,
Mr. BOGGS, Mr. BREWSTER, Mr. BURDICK, Mr.
BYRD of West Virginia, Mr. CANNON, Mr.
CASE, Mr. CHURCH, Mr. CLARK, Mr. COOPER,
Mr. DIRKSEN, Mr. DODD, Mr. DOUGLAS, Mr.
EASTLAND, Mr. ELLENDER, Mr. ERVIN, Mr. FuL-
BRIGHT, Mr. HARRIS, Mr. HART, Mr. HARTKE,
Mr. HAYDEN, Mr. HILL, Mr. HOLLAND, Mr.
INOUYE, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. JAVITS, Mr. JOB-
DAN of North Carolina, Mr. KENNEDY of
Massachusetts, Mr. KENNEDY or New York,
Mr. KUCHEL,- Mr. LAUSCHE, Mr. LONG of Mis-
souri, Mr. LONG of Louisiana, Mr. MAGNUSON,
Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. MCCARTHY, Mr. McGEE,
Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. MCINTYRE, Mr. MONDALE,
Mr. MONRONEY, Mr. MORSE, Mr. MORTON, Mr.
Moss, Mr. MUNDT, Mr. MusKIE, Mr. NELSON,
Mrs. NEUBERGER, Mr. PASTORE, Mr. PEARSON,
Mr. PELL, Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr. RANDOLPH, Mr.
RIBICOFF, Mr. ROBERTSON, Mr. SALTONSTALL,
Mr. SCOTT, Mr. SIMPSON, Mr. SMATHERS, Mrs.
SMITH, Mr. SPARKMAN, Mr. STENNIS, Mr.
SYMINGTON, Mr. TALMADGE, Mr. TYDINGS, Mr.
WILLIAMS of New Jersey, Mr. YARBOROUGH,
and Mr. YOUNG of Ohio.
Authority of May 3, 1966:
S. Con. Res. 93. Concurrent resolution
providing that no Federal agency take any
action to discourage parity prices for any
agricultural commodity: Mr. CURTIS, Mr.
HRUSKA, and Mr. MORTON.
S. Res. 256. Resolution relating to United
States denunciation of the Warsaw Conven-
tion: Mr. BASS, Mr. BOGGS, Mr. BREWSTER, Mr.
CURTIS, Mr. DIRKSEN, Mr. DOUGLAS, Mr. EAST-
LAND, Mr. HART, Mr. HRUSKA, Mr. INOUYE,
Mr. JAVITS, Mr. LONG of Missouri, Mr. MILLER,
Mr. MONDALE, Mr. MORTON, Mr. MUNDT, Mr.
RIBICOFF, Mr. ROBERTSON, Mr. SALTONSTALL,
and Mr. YOUNG of Ohio.
world. Complete, close, and continuous
medical care and treatment are pro-
vided to all supported military and
civilian personnel. The members of this
dedicated team of highly trained profes-
sional and technical personnel are lo-
cated at all echelons of command from
the forward combat areas to the most
rearward enclaves, insuring that our
most precious commodity, the individ-
ual soldier, is provided immediately re-
sponsive, effective care and treatment.
The soldier wounded in Vietnam has
the benefit of methods and materials far
superior to those available a few years
ago. The mortality among the wounded
reaching a hospital in Vietnam is the
lowest in history. In January 1966, it
was 2.8 precent of which the majority
occurred within 24 hours of hospitaliza-
tion. The mortality rate after 24 hours
was only 1.2 percent. These splendid
data may be attributed to many factors
involving planning, logistics, and profes-
sional capabilities. I will mention a few
of these factors.
Helicopter evacuation is used for prac-
tically all of the casualties for transpor-
tation to a hospital. The more seriously
wounded usually reach a hospital within
1 to 2 hours after wounding and have
been known to reach a hospital in less
than an hour. This is exceedingly im-
portant Mississippi may proceed for 3 ad-
Whole in the overall low mortality rate. from from M M minutes.
Whole blood is available in abundant ditional The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
quan clears only i s and at but times in even di-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
vision clearing stations and at Mr. STENNIS. I thank the majority
in battalion aid stations. Infusion of leader.
blood for the critically wounded con- Mr
General Heaton and all
President
,
.
tinues during helicopter evacuation to a his associates are to be highly com-
hospital. mended for their splendid work in this
There are adequate numbers of fully field. The Army Medical Service per-
surgeons, and surgical whom sonnel in Vietnam deserve special tribute
egcone, the great majority of f whom and commendation for their dedicated
gram of s of career the officers, Army trained Medical i Service, the pro- service. It is because of their work that
gr, and Heaton was able to assure me
thermilit lit ryframewor workk so that working each within n that "no U.S. Army soldier in Vietnam
the primary mission is of today lacks required care and treat-
familiar mmiliar ary with framework
the surgeon in a combat zone and the ment."
General Heaton is not only a truly
indicated staging of the surgery of the great administrator, he is an outstand-
At battle least d ed wounne., and in some hospitals ing active surgeon and a highly dedicated
o soldier and nd American.
two and three, well trained anesthesiol- All Americans, and particularly our
ically njurede d during surgery, or the crit- fighting men in Vietnam and their loved
ogists anesthesia operative resuscitation tand participate surgpeones at home, can be reassured and com-
in the rive treatment in the forted by the high standards of medical
recovery postoperative being provided and by the fact that
ecovery or intensive e care units. no avenue of medical support is being
ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTI-
CLES, ETC.,, PRINTED IN THE
APPENDIX
On request, and by unanimous con-
sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc.,
were ordered to be printed in the
Appendix, as follows:
By Mr. BURDICK:
Statement by him regarding the artificial
water recharge system of Minot, N. Dak.
Poem entitled "To Those Who Plowed
With a 'Walker'-That Is," written by O. A.
Olson, of Fargo, N. Dak.
By Mr. RANDOLPH:
Speech delivered at Widen (W. Va.) Arts
and Crafts Fair, May 7, 1966.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro term
pore. Is there further morning 1
ness?
ARMY MEDICAL SERVICE IN
VIETNAM
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I wish
to bring to the attention of the Senate
the outstanding and truly excellent
medical care being provided Army per-
sonnel in Vietnam under the high stand-
ards laid down by the Surgeon General,
Lt. Gen. Leonard D. Heaton.
The U.S. Army Medical Service in
Vietnam has the mission of providing
effective medical support to the U.S.
Army troops and other U.S. military and
civilian personnel in Vietnam.
In accomplishing this mission the U.S.
Army is proving that it is one of the
finest military medical teams in the
Our most significant disease problem overlooked or left unattended.
in Vietnam today is that of malaria. The Mr. President, if I may have one ad-
incidence of this disease increased last ditional minute, I wish to point out that
fall concurrent with the buildup in troop excellent medical support not only exists
strengths in Vietnam. The malaria en- in Vietnam and the immediate support-
counter decreased tin Vietnam has treatment ing hospitals in the Pacific area, but the
with synthetic l antimalarial drugs. For- more severely wounded are returned to
with caes usl respond to o For- the continental United States and placed
ery, these cases usuallyy quinine. As a in hospitals all over the Pacific side of
furth treatment
fur
result with qwe have this country, as well as back here in em- result of this experience effort to find new hanew Walter Reed and other hospitals in the
b on drugs a an all-out effective in the sup- United States, where several hundred
pr that will effec of tive malaria. - of them are now receiving excellent
pression and treatment
l. New attention.
regimens are also being tested and a
multimllion-dollar research effort is well is Let point out quickly teat the Army exceptional
underway.
United States combat troops in Viet- medical services are found in the Navy,
nam are a highly mobile force which the Air Force and the Marines, and they
operate in and out of very restrictive ter- do a splendid job. It does happen that in
rain. Casualties resulting from these the war in Vietnam the Army is carrying
9583
operations must be evacuated by a re-
sponsive mobile force capable of operat-
ing in the same terrain and under the
same conditions. The Army Medical
Service is meeting this challenge with
helicopter air ambulance units in direct
support of the combat soldier. Casualty
pickups are being made at the place
where the injury is incurred and many
times while the combat operations are
still in progress. The fact that a soldier
can be evacuated from the place of injury
to a medical treatment facility within
minutes not only helps the morale of the
fighting man, but has been one of the
important factors in reducing the mor-
tality rate to the lowest of any war in
history. Approximately 90 percent of
all casualties in Vietnam are evacuated
by helicopter. Army Medical Service
helicopters are averaging over 4,000 pa-
tient evacuations per month. Vietnam
helicopter evacuations have already sur-
passed the total helicopter evacuations
made during the entire Korean war.
The ACTING PRESIDENt' pro tem-
pore. The time of the Senator has
expired.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I may proceed
for 1 additional minute.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Senator
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070014-6
 9584 Approved For Releasb 0 / (MAt-ffFE8~~
7,. 004 6ROO040070014-6
a r May 9, 1966
t
g ea
er part of the load because they
are the ones in combat and also because
to a degree, they are taking care of the
men on the immediate battlefields.
These things do not just happen. It is
with the greatest pride that every Ameri-
can can look at the record and have the
finest assurance that if their loved ones
are in Vietnam, they are being very well
looked after.
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Mississippi yield?
1 Mr. STENNIS. I yield gladly to the
Senator from California.
Mr. KUCHEL. I associate myself ful-
ly with all the comments which have
been made by the distinguished Senator
from Mississippi.
Miracles are being performed today by
the men and women in the Medical Corps
of the several U.S. military services, those
intrepid people who bind up the wounds
of Americans who have fallen in defense
of freedom In southeast Asia and around
the globe elsewhere.
Speed and skill in medical treatment
in all the services have reached new
highs. Great new hospitals have been
erected here and in the far Pacific. Mo-
bile hospitals are in South Vietnam.
Particularly on this occasion, I am glad
to join the Senator from.Mississippi in
paying a full need of respect to the Army
Medical Corps, from the world-renowned
Walter Reed Hospital in Washington to
Its selfless activities across the seas.
I have, as the Senator from Missis-
sippi knows, particular reason to be ac-
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro
tempore. Without objection, it is so
ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President
there will be no business on the pending
legislation, but It will be the pending
business tomorrow when those most in-
terested will be on hand to take it up.
It would be my suggestion that the
administration take the initiative in call-
ing a world conference for this purpose.
The stability of one of the major mining
industries Is at stake and, as always, its
effect on the economy, as a whole, will
be of the highest significance.
WE SHOULD OFFER DIPLOMATIC
WORLD COPPER CONFERENCE RECOGNITION TO COMMUNIST
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, his- CHINA
torically, the mining of copper has been Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr,. Presi-
an extremely important element in the dent, the recent hearings on China con-
economy of the State of Montana, and ducted by the Senate Committee on
for much of the West. Therefore, the Foreign Relations clearly indicate the
status of the industry throughout the need for better communication between
world is of considerable concern to those the United States and Communist China.
of us who represent the Treasure State. The Peking government has for 1.7 years
In the past several decades, the industry ruled some 740 million men, women and
has been plagued by many boom and children-nearly one-fourth of the
bust periods. The London market is far world's population. The establishment
too high and I believe that a time has of a workable relationship with the Red
come to attempt to reach some form of Chinese Government is one of the most
international agreement on production important problems facing our Nation
and prices. It was with this thought in today.
mind that I proposed a world conference, China will be incapable for many years,
on a recent visit to Butte, "the richest if then, of developing weapons necessary
hill on earth." to challenge our security. Nonetheless,
I feel that there is a strong possibility it is the most powerful nation in Asia
that copper may be pricing itself out of and in years to come will have a pro-
the market because these inflationary found influence upon the kind oi' world
prices are stimulating the greater use of in which our children and grandchildren
substitutes for the red metal. will be living. There is
This situation has developed since probably no
Chile raised the greater threat to world peace today than
price to 62 cents and the threat posed by the arrogant, hostile
Zambia increased its price to equal that Red Chinese dictators who are violent-
of the London exchange rate. ly Communist in the Stalin
Incidentally, according to the New Time alone will lessen the bitter
Y
s
k T
th
ne
or
s
ey
imes this morning, Peru has feel toward the nations of the Western
Army-General Heaton. He is a great joined the parade. These are tremen- world that oppressed China and degraded
American, a great soldier, a great physi- dous increases. This trend can be dan- the Chinese during the 18th, 19th and
cian, a great surgeon, and a great admin- gerous. If this continues it will be around the turn of the 20th century.
Istrator, who has successfully discharged extremely difficult to maintain a 36-cent- The time has come for the United
his responsibility over this farflung, a-pound price in this country while the States to recognize the Red Chinese Gov-
worldwide corps with all its skills in med- rest of the world goes way beyond. In- ernment. Nations, like individuals,
icine and in surgery by which personnel cidentally, I want to state that the do- should not ignore the facts of life. Rec-
in the Army are miraculously cared for. mestic copper producers-Anaconda, ogntion of one nation by another never
I venture to hope, on this occasion, that Phelps-Dodge, Kennecott, and the rest- means approval of the ruling regime of
the people of the United States, and the have been most cooperative with the that country. Offering diplomatic rec-
men and women In the U.S. Army, may Government in its endeavor to keep the ognition and reestablishing our Embassy
have the benefit of General Heaton's con- price of copper from going out of sight. in Peking would be a step toward world
tinuing service for many years in the Releases of Government stockpile cop- peace and could not possibly bring harm
future. per help to alleviate the U.S. situation
to our .
I thank the Senator from Mississippi for a time but, unfortunately, our do- Today weuntry must rely on our consul
for yielding to me to make these com- mestic producers cannot increase pro- general in Hong Kong and on Great
ments. duction to meet demand. Other metals Britain,, France, Canada, and other na-
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator. such as aluminum and steel can be pro- tions that recognize Red China to relay
I certainly share those views and hopes duced at higher levels to meet demands to us information about that govern-
with the Senator from California. but this is not the case in the n t
I s an
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TEACHERS'
RETIREMENT AND ANNUITY FUND
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that Calendar
No. 1101, H.R. 11439, be made the pending
business at the conclusion of morning
business.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro
tempore. The bill will be stated by title
for the information of the Senate.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R.
11439) to provide for an increase in the
annuities payable from the District of
Columbia teachers' retirement and an-
nuity fund, to revise the method of de-
termining the cost of living increases in
such annuities, and for other purposes.
te ment. Hong Kong, Incidentally, was
of copper. taken from China at the end of the
Stability in the market is a require- opium war which England declared on
ment for continuous production and sta- the Chinese Government because the
ble employment. This stability means Chinese tried to prevent the English from
prosperity to copper-producing areas of profiting by traffic in opium to the injury,
my State, as well as in other sections of of the Chinese people. At the same time,
the country. there are many vital problems facing
This is something that might very well mankind that cannot be resolved without
be handled at a world conference to dis- direct communication with the Peking
cuss the adoption of an agreement on regime.
production designed to avoid "ups and Our allies, including neighbors such as
downs" in an industry which can thrive Canada, have recognized Red China and
only on a stable production-pricing sys- are prospering by trade with that coun-
tem. This proposal immediately raises try. In 1964 Chinese trade with non-
questions of international cartels and Communist countries exceeded $2 billion.
violations of antitrust laws but I hope Very definitely, American producers and
that the experts- within the Department manufacturers should be permitted to
of Justice will understand the gravity of sell to Red China at world prices for gold
the problem and cooperate on this mat- whatever the nationals of that nation
ter, may wear, eat, drink, or smoke.
Approved For Release 2005/06/29: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070014-6
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070014-6
May 9, 1966
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
view of the future. I give it to you political
scientists whose work is often permeated by
pessimism under the guise of realism. I
leave you as you adjourn your important
conference with this optimistic view. Can we
call my view other than optimistic since edu-
cation is indeed an end in itself? It is the
very essence of the American dream. It is
now as well a means to many ends. Some
of these will increasingly guide the conduct
of our foreign policy. For this, I am thank-
ful.
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, if one's
greatness is measured by his character
and integrity and by the courage of his
convictions, then truly Pat McNamara
was a great man.
A man of very humble beginnings, he
began his life working with his hands
and, although he later held one of the
highest offices of this Nation, he never
forgot his early associations with men
and women of labor. He never suc-
cumbed to the temptations of power and
the vanity of prestige. He was con-
cerned with the plight of the elderly, the
ill, the uneducated, and the youth of our
Nation. He was truly a friend of the
forgotten underdog.
If one's greatness is measured by the
warmth of his heart and the milk of hu-
man kindness which flows through his
veins, then truly Pat McNamara was a
great man. Although he was a man of
huge physical proportions, he responded
to the cries of a little infant and was
concerned with the plight of helpless
animals. He was truly a compassionate
person.
Pat McNamara was truly one of the
finest men I have met along life's path-
way. In his passing, our Nation has suf-
fered a great loss, but because Of his
presence in this world, our Nation today
is a greater and much better place. Our
Nation will miss him and I will miss him.
INFLATIONARY TRENDS
Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, indic-
ative of the increasing concern through-
out our Nation over inflationary trends
are the comments expressed in an edi-
torial which appeared in the Friday,
April 22, edition of the Pratt, Kans., Trib-
une.
This thoughtful piece, entitled "From
All Points of the Compass," emphasizes
the paradoxical effect on our economy of
vast Federal defense and welfare pro-
grams. I would commend this editorial
to the attention of my colleagues and ask
unanimous consent that it be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FROM ALL POINTS OF THE COMPASS
Inflation news is coming in from all the
points of the compass nowadays.
For Instance, says a Herald Tribune News
Service dispatch, wholesale prices took a big
jump in February, according to the Depart-
ment of Labor. It was the biggest for any
February in all of 16 years. And it "lifted
the closely watched price Inflation barometer
4.1 percent above its year-ago level."
Government spokesmen, the report goes on,
express the hope that the wholesale price
index may soon stop its upward surge. Just
about everyone will concur in that. But, as
past history has proven, this may turn out to
be whistling in the dark, and the forces
which are now shouldering prices and costs
upward may prove irresistible.
The ordinary citizen, worriedly watching
further degradation of the dollar can only
hope for the best. Each of those dollars
buys a little less each month. And there can
be small doubt that this will continue so
long as we attempt to fight a major war, de-
clared or undeclared, and with It carry on
welfare programs of unprecedented scope and
cost. It cannot be too often repeated that
in this way we create new classes of poor at a
time when a major governmental purpose is
U~
A SOUND VIEW
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, the
"sound view of Vietnam," held by Secre-
tary Freeman has been lauded by the
Denver Post.
The Post quotes Freeman as saying
that "agriculture is the key to lasting
victory in Vietnam," and the paper adds:
More and more, this is being accepted as
truth. Military effort, by itself, is not
enough. Only a sweeping modernization of
the Vietnamese economy-particularly in the
rural areas-will achieve the lasting victory
we seek.
Because we are concerned about the
"second front," and because this edi-
torial on the subject is most informative,
I ask unanimous consent that it be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FREEMAN HAS SOUND VIEW OF VIETNAM
Orville Freeman's view of the problem in
South Vietnam differs little from that held
by other members of President Johnson's
Cabinet. Nevertheless, having recently
toured rural areas of South Vietnam as an
expert observer, the Agriculture Secretary
gives an Impression of persuasive credibility.
He believes, in the words he used in ad-
dressing the National Farmers Union con-
vention in Denver, that "agriculture is the
key to lasting victory in Vietnam."
More and more, this is being accepted as
truth. -Military effort, by itself, is not
enough. Young peasant volunteers must be
organized In a concerted program aimed at
opening up what Freeman calls a- "second
front" In the long Vietnamese war.
The military fight for territory has made
some progress.' But only a sweeping mod-
ernization of the Vietnamese economy-par-
ticularly In the rural areas-will achieve the
lasting victory we seek. .
President Johnson expressed this view in
the Declaration of Honolulu, which followed
his conference in Hawaii with leaders of the
South Vietnamese Government. Johnson's
Agriculture Secretary gave the Declaration
full support in his Denver speech last week.
Rural uplift Is not new. But the effort
needs to be so much greater than we have
hitherto been willing to hazard that it
amounts-at the very least-to a major shift
of emphasis in the Asian war,
The reason for the difficulty is that on-
going programs are hard to maintain in the
face of hit-and-run terrorism by the Viet-
cong. Secretary Freeman said the 1,500 vil-
lage chiefs killed in South Vietnam during
the last few years are equivalent "In the
United States to assassinating 60,000 Ameri-
can mayors and county commissioners. '
Obviously it is difficult to bring progress.
Few villagers want to volunteer for the firing.
Squad. -
9597
Nevertheless, this is what must happen.
Progress and modernization must be made
so attractive that the South Vietnamese peo-
ple are willing to take the gamble because
they are convinced the Vietcong represent
only bloodshed and repression.
The $275 million aid package now before
Congress, plus expanded aid to be sought in
the next fiscal year, is the first installment in
the sweeping program aimed at escalating
rural progress in the war-torn country.
We believe, as does Secretary Freeman, that
this will be money well spent. Military ef-
fort alone will not get the job done; a com-
bined effort has a good chance of bringing
peace to southeast Asia.
Perhaps the program envisioned by Secre-
tary Freeman-improved agricultural tech-
nology, education, land reform and an up-
grading of rural life generally-will someday
produce a pattern of peaceful development
which can spread from South Vietnam to
other underdeveloped nations. That would
be a marvelous bonus, indeed, because the
killer in other countries-the specter of
famine-poses a threat which is far more
deadly in its implications than the Vietcong.
PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS FOR
MICRONESIA
Mr. FONG. Mr. President, it was with
a deep sense of personal interest and sat-
isfaction that I note that the Department
of the Interior and the Peace Corps have
announced plans to recruit, train, and
assign as many as 750 Peace Corps vol-
unteers to the Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands-Micronesia.
On March 21 of this year-more than
a month and a half ago-1 urged the
Secretary of the Interior to seek the serv-
ices of Peace Corps volunteers for Micro-
nesia which the Interior Department ad-
ministers. In my letter to Secretary
Udall, I stated that it was -"not only
proper but a matter of priority that the
Micronesians receive urgent assistance
from the Peace Corps." Specifically I
referred to the need for improving edu-
cation, medical and health services, eco-
nomic development, and other activities.
Secretary Udall responded to me at
that time by saying that "your proposal
is indeed intriguing and we shall want to
study it very carefully."
It was my concern over the failure of
the Interior Department to utilize Peace
Corps volunteers long before now which
prompted me to write to Secretary Udall.
For it has been evident for some time
that the Interior Department has not
come to grips with the many problems of
this far flung and underdeveloped area
of the western Pacific.
I am very pleased, therefore, that the
Interior Department now agrees with
my proposal to use Peace Corps volun-
teers in the Trust Territory. I am
doubly happy that both the Interior De-
partment and the Peace Corps are mov-
ing with unusual swiftness to carry out
my proposal.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed at the end of my remarks the
texts of my letter of March 21 to Secre-
tary Udall and his acknowledgment to
me; a fact sheet issued by the Peace
Corps titled, "Peace Corps and the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands-Micro-
nesia;" and a news article from the
Washington Post of May 7, 1966, titled,
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070014-6
 9598
Approved For Release. 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070014-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
"Pacific Islands Showplace Is Peace
Corps Aim." a
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1),
Mr. FONG. Mr. President, it is a mat-
ter of deep pride to the people of Hawaii
that the training of the Peace Corps vol-
unteers for Micronesia will take place in
Hawaii. Hundreds of Peace Corps vol-
unteers have been trained for service in
various Asian countries at the Hilo cam-
pus of the University of Hawaii and at
the Peace Corps camp in Waipo Valley
operated by the university, both located
on the big island of Hawaii. The experi-
ence already gained by the Peace Corps
Staffs in Hawaii will be of great value in
training the prospective volunteers for
the trust territory.
The Peace Corps volunteers will give
the Micronesians the kind of practical
assistance they need and have asked
for-in education, community develop-
ment, public health and public works.
The volunteers will thereby help the
trust territory people build the social,
economic and political basis for self-
government.
As the Micronesians progress, they will
be better able to decide the type of poli-
tical status they wish for themselves.
Looking toward this eventuality, I intro-
duced in the Senate, on August 18, 1965,
a resolution which would open the way
for the trust territory to be included in
the State of Hawaii if the people of Ha-
waii and the trust territory are in favor
of such inclusion.
The assignment of Peace Corps volun-
teers to t4e trust territory will go a long
way toward preparing the Micronesians
to decide their future status. I am,
therefore, very pleased and enthusiastic
over this development.
EXHIBIT 1
Hon. STEWART L. UDALL,
Secretary of the Interior,
Department of the Interior,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: In line with my gen-
eral concern for the status of the people of
Micronesia, I am writing to recommend
strongly the ? use of Peace Corps volunteers
in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
There is a clear and current need in the
Trust Territory for the type of services which
the Peace Corps can render. As High Com-
missioner M. W. Coding said In addressing
the opening session of the first congress of
Micronesia on July 12, 1965, at Saipan:
"There is a tremendous job that remains
to be done. Many of the problems we face
might be described as being typical of any
growing but undeveloped economy. One of
the most challenging problems and one that
will require bold and imaginative approach
lies in improving living conditions, in sup-
plying adequate medical services and educa-
tional opportunities for people In the more
remote and thinly populated islands of the
Territory."
Commissioner Coding thus noted that
while some progress has been made, a great
deal of work lies ahead in improving educa-
tion, medical and health services, economic
development, and other fields, Volunteers of
the Peace Corps have been notably success-
ful in helping people help themselves in
these activities in underdeveloped areas else-
where. They can render invaluable services
to Micronesians if assigned there.
Since the well-being of the Trust Terri-
tory people is a responsibility of the United
States, and more particularly of your Depart-
ment, it would seem to me not only proper
but also a matter of priority that the Mic-
ronesians receive urgent assistance from the
Peace Corps.
If there are legal, technical, or other rea-
sons why Peace Corps volunteers cannot be
assigned to the Trust Territory, I wish to be
fully advised on this matter and would ap-
preciate information as to what steps can
be taken to overcome such obstacles.
May I hear from you at your earliest con-
venience.
With warm personal regards and aloha, I
am,
Sincerely yours,
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
Washington, D.C., March 24, 1966.
HOn. HIRAM L. FONG,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR FONG: I am acknowledging
your letter of March 21, in which you propose
the use of Peace Corps volunteers to assist
the Micronesian people,
Your proposal is indeed intriguing and we
shall want to study it very carefully. We
shall be writing you further on this subject
at the earliest possible time.
Sincerely yours,
STEWART L. UDALL,
Secretary of the Interior.
PEACE CORPS AND THE TRUST TERRITORY OF
THE PACIFIC ISLANDS (~MiMICRONESIA)
WHAT Is IT?
The trust territory consists of 2,141 islands
spread over 3 million square miles of the
Western Pacific. Taken from Japan in World
War II, the islands were placed under a
United Nations trusteeship in 1947. Their
administration was assigned by mandate to
the United States, which in a string of bloody
battles, had driven the Japanese out of them.
WHAT IS MICRONESIA?
This is the name given to those Pacific
island occupied by the Micronesian peoples,
seafaring first cousins to the Malays. Greater
Micronesia Includes the Gilbert Islands,
which are under British administration.
Otherwise, Micronesia and the trust territory
are the same---embracing the Marianas,
Marshall, and Caroline Archipelagos. Guam,
the largest of the Marianas, is not included
in the trust territory since it became an
American possession in 1898, when it was
ceded to the United States by Spain.
WHO ARE THE MICRONESIANS?
They include most of the 88,000 inhabitants
of the 97 populated islands of the trust
territory. (Two of these islands, Nukuoro
and Kapingamarangi, are homes for another
people, the' Polynesians.)
They speak nine separate Micronesian
languages with dialectical variations. They
came to Micronesia in prehistoric times,
probably sailing their great oceangoing out-
rigger canoes from lands lying to the east.
They were already settled in the Marianas
when Ferdinand Magellan discovered them
for the West in 1521.
WHERE IS MICRONESIA?
Mill, the westernmost of the Marshalls, is
less than 100 miles east of the international
date line. More than 3,000 miles farther
east, Tobi in the western Carolinas lies off
the northern tip of New Guinea. Almost
2,000 miles northwest of Tobi, the remote
and uninhabited Farallon de Pajaros juts
its rocky peak out of the ocean less than
700 miles from Japan.
In all the huge expanse of water included
in Micronesia (larger than the land area of
the United States), only 687 square miles are
above sea level.
May 9, 1966
WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPAL ISLANDS?
Saipan and Tinian in the Marianas be-
came the sites of B-29 bases in World War II
from which Japan was regularly bombed.
The Enoia Gay took off from Tinian on the
fateful day when it dropped to atom bomb
on Hiroshima. Bikini, in the Marshalls, was
the site of America's first H-bomb explosion.
In preparation for World War I:1, the Jap-
anese constructed major fortifications on
Yap and Truk in the Carolines. The Ameri-
can assault against the Japanese brought the
names of other islands to the attention of
the world-Eniwetok, Kwajalein, Ulithi, the
Palaus.
WHY IS THE PEACE CORPS GOING TO THE
TRUST TERRITORY?
The Micronesians asked for Peace Corps
volunteers-for teachers, engineers, survey-
ors, health experts, agricultural extensioniets,
draftsmen and persons who know how to or-
ganize and run cooperatives. And that is
what the Peace Corps plans to send.
WHEN WILL VOLUNTEERS GO TO MICRONESIA?
Two waves of volunteers are now planned.
The first, to arrive by October .1966, will
begin programs in elementary education and
community development, public health, and
public works. The second, to begin in Jan-
uary 1967, will concentrate on secondary edu-
cation, cooperative and credit union devel-
opment, agriculture, public administration,
communications and transportation. These
two waves will involve as many as 750 vol-
unteers. Others will follow later.
WHERE WILL THEY TRAIN?
The prospective volunteers will take their
training at the Hilo campus of the Univer-
sity of Hawaii and at the Peace Corps camp
in Waipio Valley operated by the university.
Their training conditions will simulate as far
as possible their later working conditions.
WILL THE PEACE CORPS PLAY A SPECIAL ROLE IN
THE TRUST TERRITORY?
In his May 5, 1966, letter to Peace Corps
Director Jack Vaughn, President Johnson
said: "I will be asking the Congress to ap-
prove the Department of the Interior's omni-
bus legislation which seeks to improve the
capital budget of the territory and to raise
the level of the Interior Department's con-
tinuing effort in the territory. However, I
see the Peace Corps role as a very special
kind of effort being separate and apart from
the daily tasks of civil administration."
This "special kind of effort" will lie at the
heart of a fresh attempt to fulfill America's
responsibilities in the trust territory. I will
seek to improve the conditions of life for the
people of Micronesia.
Finally, it will help build the material and
spiritual circumstances in which the people
of the trust territory can intelligently and
successfully-and in the not-too-.distant
future-chose their own form of government.
[From the Washington Post]
PACIFIC ISLANDS SHOWPLACE IS PEACE: CORPS
AIM
(By Bryce Nelson)
Several hundred Peace Corps volunteers
will be sent to the U.S.-administered Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands in an effort to
make them "a showplace for the world," the
administration announced yesterday.
Arthur J. Goldberg, U.S. Ambassador to
the United Nations, declared that the United
States already had done much for the trust
territory but that "We have to do better
than we have done, very frankly."
U.S. administration of the 90,004 people,
who live in the 2,141 Micronesian islands
scattered across 3 million square miles of
the Pacific Ocean, has been under increasing
criticism in recent years, both domestically
and at the United Nations. The United
States was given trusteeship over the area
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070014-6