THE EXTRAORDINARY CLARITY OF OUR POLICIES INCIDENT TO VIETNAM

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• Publication Date: March 4, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

March 4, 1966 Approved Fir 1tRDP7R0}6R000400050005-8
his appearance in public in that condition is
not his volition, but a compulsion sympto-
matic of the disease; and to stigmatize him
as a criminal for this act is cruel and unusual
punishment. -
This plea failed in the State courts. (State
v. Driver, 262 NC 92, 136 SE2d 208(1964).)
Thereupon he unsuccessfully petitioned the
Federal district court for habeas corpus to
procure release from imprisonment ordered
on his sentence. (Driver v. Hinnant, 243 F.
Supp. 95 (1965).)
We find merit in his petition. Accordingly
we must vacate the judgment on review and
remand for the further proceedings later
outlined.
The State statute is North Carolina Gen-
eral Statute 14-335 reading as follows:
"If any person shall be found drunk or
intoxicated on the public highway, or at any
public place or meeting, in any county herein
named, he shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction shall be punished as is
provided in this section:
"12. In Durham County by a fine, for the
first offense, of not more than $50, or im-
prisonment for not more than 30 days; for
the second offense within a period of 12
months, by a fine of not more than $100,
or imprisonment for not more than 60 days;
,and for the third offense within any 12
months' period such offense is declared a
misdemeanor, punishable as a misdemeanor
within the discretion of the court."
As more than a three-time repeater in
Durham County, driver was sentenced to
imprisonment for 2 years for each of two
offenses occurring on December 18 and 19,
1963, respectively, the terms running concur-
rently. While he pleaded guilty, the evi-
dence taken as a guide to an appropriate
sentence conclusively proved him a chronic
alcoholic, his inebriation in public view an
involuntary exhibition of the infirmity. The
district judge had no doubts about it. Ac-
tually, it is a concessum in the case.
Driver was 59 years old. His first convic-
tion for public intoxication occurred at 24.
Since then he has been convicted of this of-
fense more than 200 times. For nearly two-
thirds of his life he has been incarcerated
for these infractions. Indeed, while en-
larged on bail pending determination of this
appeal, he has been twice convicted for like
violations.
Thus the question here is beyond the dif-
ficult determination of whether an accused
is a chronic alcoholic. Our discussion and
decision, it must be recalled throughout, pre-
suppose an indisputable finding that the
offender is a "chronic alcoholic." As defined
by the National Council on Alcoholism, he is
a "person who Is powerless to stop drinking
and whose drinking seriously alters his nor-
mal living pattern." x
The American Medical Association defines
"alcoholics" as "those excessive drinkers
whose dependence on alcohol has attained
such a degree that it shows a noticeable dis-
turbance or interference with their bodily
or mental health, their interpersonal rela-
tions, and their satisfactory social and eco-
nomic functioning."a The World Health
Organization recognizes alcoholism "as -a
chronic illness that manifests itself as a dis-
order of behavior." a (Accent added.) It is
Public Health Service Publication No.
760, "Alcoholism," prepared by the National
Institute of Mental Health, National Insti-
tute of Health, U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare (1965).
a See footnote 1.
See footnote 1. Chief Judge Butler noted
below, 243 F. Suppl. 95, 97, and followed the
definition of Congress appearing in the Dis-
trict of Columbia Code, 24-502, that a
chronic alcoholic is "any person who
chronically and habitually uses alcoholic
beverages to the extent that he has lost the
power of self-control with respect to the use
of such beverages."
known that alcohol can be addicting,4 and
it is the addict-the involuntary drinker-
on whom our decision is now made .5 Hence
we exclude the merely excessive-steady or
spree-voluntary drinker.
This addiction-chronic alcoholism-is
now almost universally accepted medically
as a disease.' The symptoms as already
noted, may appear as "disorder of behavior."
Obviously, this includes appearances in pub-
lic, as here, unwilled and ungovernable by
the victim. When that is the conduct for
which he is criminally accused, there can be
no judgment of criminal conviction passed
upon him. To do so would affront the
Eighth Amendment, as cruel and unusual
punishment in branding him a criminal, ir-
respective of consequent detention or fine .7
Although his misdoing objectively com-
prises the physical elements of a crime, nev-
ertheless, no crime has been perpetrated
because the conduct was neither actuated by
an evil intent nor accompanied with a con-
sciousness of wrongdoing, indispensable in-
gredients of a crime. (Morissette v. United
States, 342 U.S. 246, 250-52 (1952).) Nor
can his misbehavior be penalized as a trans-
gression of a police regulation-malum pro-
hibitum-necessitating no intent to do what
it punishes. The alcoholic's presence In
public is not his act, for he did not will it.
It may be likened to the movements of an
imbecile or a person in a delirium of a fever.
Noise of them by attendance in the forbid-
den place defy the forbiddance.
This conclusion does not contravene the
familiar thesis that voluntary drunkenness
Is no excufie for crime. The chronic alco-
holic has not drunk voluntarily, although
undoubtedly he did so originally. His ex-
cess now derives from disease. However,
our excusal of the chronic alcoholic from
criminal prosecution is confined exclusively
to those acts on his part which are compul-
sive as symptomatic of the disease. With
respect to other behavior-not characteris-
tic of confirmed chronic alcoholism-he
would be judged as would any person not
so afflicted.
Of course, the alcohol-diseased may by law
be kept out of public sight. Equally true,
the North Carolina statute does not punish
them solely for drunkenness, but rather for
its public demonstration. But many of the
diseased have no homes or friends, family or
means to keep them Indoors. Driver exam-
ples this pitiable predicament, for he is ap-
parently without money or restraining care.
Robinson v. California, supra, 370 U.S. 660
(1962), sustains, if not commands, the view
we take. While occupied only with a State
statute declaring drug addiction a misde-
meanor, the Court in the concurrences and
dissents, as well as in the majority opinion,
enunciated a doctrine encompassing the pres-
ent case. The California statute criminally
punished a "status"-drug addiction-invol-
untarily assumed; the North Carolina Act
criminally punishes an involuntary symptom
of a status-public intoxication. In declar-
ing the former violative of the eighth amend-
ment, we think p?ari ratione, the Robinson
decision condemns the North Carolina law
when applied to one in the circumstances of
appellant Driver. All of the opinions recog-
nize the inefficacy of such a statute when it
is enforced to make involuntary deportment
a crime.
'See footnote 1.
G See Justice Clark dissenting in Robinson
v. California, 370 U.S. 660, 684 (1982).
'Of the myriad authorities these citations
will suffice: a Cecil and Loeb, "A Textbook
of Medicine," at 1625 (10th ed. 1959); Man-
fred S. Guttmacher and Henry Weihofen,
"Psychiatry and the Law," at 318-322 (1952
ed.); Jellinek, "The Disease Concept of Al-
coholism," at 41-44 (1960).
7 See concurring opinion of Justice Dou
-
g
las in Robinson v. California, supra, 370 U.S.
The constitutional premise of Robinson,
and so apt here, is found in the opinion, 370
U.S. at 666:
"It is unlikely that any State at this
moment in history would attempt to make it
a criminal offense for a person to be mentally
in, or a leper, or to be afflicted with a venereal
disease. A State might determine that the
general health and welfare require that the
victims of these and other human afflictions
be dealt with by compulsory treatment, in-
volving quarantine, confinement, or seques-
tration. But, in the light of contemporary
human knowledge, a law which made a
criminal offense of such a disease would
doubtless be universally thought to be an
infliction of cruel and unusual punishment
in violation of the eight and fourteenth
amendments." (See Francis v. Resweber, 329
U.S. 459.)
The director of the prison department of
North Carolina' has pertly and pithily termed
the prosecution of the chronic alcoholic.
Driver, he said, is one of the "unfortunates
whose only offense is succumbing publicly
to the disease of elcoholism."
We do not annul the North Carolina stat-
ute. It is well within the State's power and
right to deter and punish public drunken-
ness, especially to secure others against its
annoyances and intrusions. (Robinson v.
California, supra, 370 U.S. 660, 664.) To this
end any intoxicated person found in the
street or other public areas may be taken
into custody for inquiry or prosecution. But
the Constitution intercedes when on arraign-
ment the accused's helplessness comes to
light. Then it is that no criminal conviction
may follow.
The upshot of our decision is that the
State cannot stamp an unpretending chronic
alcoholic as a criminal If his drunken public
display is Involuntary as the result of disease.
However, nothing we have said precludes ap-
propriate detention of him for treatment and
rehabilitation so long as he is not marked
a criminal.
The judgment denying appellant's petition
for habeas corpus will be vacated, and the
case returned to the district court with di-
rections to order Driver's release from the
impending detention by North Carolina un-
less, within 10 days, the State be advised to
take him into civil remedial custody.
Vacated and remanded.
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
TYDINGS in the chair). The clerk will
call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
0
THE EXTRAORDINARY CLARITY OF
OUR POLICIES INCIDENT TO VIET-
NAM
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President,
during the past several weeks this Na-
tion has heard almost continuous debate
on our policies in Vietnam in these
Chambers, on television, and in the press.
One of the persistent themes of those
who question this policy is that it is
confused and unclear. It is to such
critics that I address my remarks. For
I find it hard to conceive a more clearly
enunciated policy.
For 70 years-starting with Lenin-
the Communists have made a science of
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CONGP;ES:~E f, CA~ff
L~ Marrs la r, 1966
the study of seizing power. We are deal- Guerrillas may strike anywhere. Gov- Vietnam any preconceived solutions to
inert in Vietnam with the latest and most ernments must offer security e erywhere. their problems. What we need in Viet-
icuidious technique which these studies That is the reason why governments nam is a Vietnamese solution, which they
have produced. backed, albeit passively, by the great ma- themselves will work out.
'rho original Marxist-Leninist doc- jority of their citizenry are strained to Questions have been raised about the
trine held that revolution will take place the brec:king point to defend themselves details of our negotiations. I do not be-
in industrial countries. That doctrine against these new Communist tactics, lieve a public detailed discussion of nego-
was tried out and proved faulty. No why the government forces may require tiating positions is in our national inter-
industrialized nation has ever fallen vic- 10 to 15 times the number of guerrillas est. When :negotiations start they will be
Lira to the tactics then advocated. before ':t can end the strife, why help difficult and complicated.
F,enin was the first to perceive this and from outside must often be called on. Unilateral statements, pleas in this
to point or t that the greatest opporturif- Pus I have said, there are a good number body and in the press for concessions,
i;y for revolution lay in backward and of countries which are vulner:.ble to the serve only to raise fears among the
underdeveloped countries. He also per- new Communist tactics. If we do not South Vietnamese; and also to increase
ceived that war and the political, eco- :;ta:nd in Vietnam with the ,trong na- the demands of Hanoi.
nimic, and social chaos which war pro- tionalist forces who have resisted and The place to solve problems is at the
dotes create the best possible conditions continued to resist revolution by terror- negotiating table. Anyone with any
frrr revolution. In Lenin's words, war ism., their we will suiely have to face it negotiation experience knows that to be
;, id chaos are "the midwife" of revolu- later, and under snore adverse onditions. a fact. Unless one is deliberarrely plarr-
lion. Rues.a and China were to prove The process of nibbling aggression must pin q to lose, it is the height of folly to
this case- ho stop 'ed, or the ultimate outcome will make concessions prior to the start of
taut, tl e extension of communism in either be a wider war or a disastrous negotiations, or make concessions at all
lihistorn. ";ur?ope and North Korea after shift ir. the world balance o~ power. I except as they would, in this case, pra-
World War 11 was not the product of amee with Winston Churchili that those mote the larger aim of assurin;~ the free-
chaos, discontent, or mass uprisimt. It who beieve that the road to f eace lies in dom of South Vietnam.
was accomplished by the Red army at thr i irg- a small nr,tionn to the wolves What is unclear about such a policy?
t! to point of it gun. salter from a fatal delusion. What indeed is unclear about any part
Moreover. the Communists learned af- The Chinese and North Vietnamese of our policy in Vietnam?
ter the war that the less developed emir- Communists have bluntly der;lared that P1Ir. ALLOTT. Mr. President, will the
tries were not so susceptible to Commu- Vietnam is the test case for their new Senator yield?
nist revolution as their theories pro- strategy: and as a result, over 60,000 men Mr. SYMINGTON. I am glad to yield
claimed. Attempts to take power in have been infiltrated into Sown Vietnam to the distinguished Senator from Cola-
C -recce in South Korea in 1948, in the from the North. ratio.
lriiipF ines. in Indonesia in 1948 and That strategy must be defeated in Mr. ALLOTT. I congratulate the dis-
a,;ain last September, and in Malaysia South Vietnam. What could be more tin^uished Senator from Missouri for his
Croce 1916 to 1958, all ended in failure. clear? very clear and precise statement on
Por the Communists carne up against a The Communists have taken the posi- Vietnam. Having had an opportunity to
much more powerful force, the force of tion that the future of Vietnam will be sit with him in committee relative to
nationalism. scl,tied by force. We prefer negotiation. discussions in Vietnam, I know of his
,'i i r;er eir;: long record of fii'ure a new Who t is unclear bout that? views very well. It is my hope drat many
make >uch statem enter, not
and more relined Communist strategy We, ock the end of aggressrrn from the others can
has been conceived by Mao'Tse-funk and North. Our war aims are litr:ited and do only on the floor of the Senate, but
( .eneral (lap. The new strategy is di- net extent( to the destruction of North around the country, so our people can be
r :~d , destroying the whole fain?ic of Vietnam. Nor do we threat, it Commu- somewhat clearer on what tine war in
aaie'sy in developing countries, starting nist China, What is unclear about that? Vietnam is all about. There is no ques-
i-i the rural and remote areas and gradu- Hanoi says that the Vietcong must be tion that if we yield inch by inch there,
a -y rnovin:perience
after Europe's bitter and inconch.rive reli-
gious war;, an accommodation will be
reached.
Such views shape his approach to a Viet-
nam settlement.
What has occurred here, with Senator
RIBICOFF and Mr. Thomas, as advocates, is
taking place now not only in Washington
but across the land.
A public examination of the course of the
Nation is underway. It has reached a level
beyond the surge of demonstration or of
instinctive and and automation reaction.
We are putting the public intelligence to
work, encouraging responsible thoughtful-
ness rather than blind acquiesence or
prejudice.
It Is good, for that is the very essence of
our strength and being.
[From the Middletown (Conn.) Press,
Feb. 15, 1966]
SENATOR RIBICOFF's PROPOSAL
Since being elected as the junior Senator
from Connecticut, ABR.AIIAM RIBICOFF has
shown increasingly how correct the voters
were in their choice. His current position on
Vietnam is a contribution to that debate, and
the views he has now expressed took courage
to state. The question is not :,o much
whether he is right or wrong, although this
is a matter of grave pertinency, but rather
whether his constituents will benefit from
the dialog which he has opened up. We
would hope this is the case; we think it will
be the case.
Senator RmIcoFF made a number of points
but one of the most salient was his view that
any negotiations have to include the Viet-
cong. This is a precondition to peace, and it
always will be one. The reluctance by Presi-
dent Johnson to negotiate with the Vietcong,
despite an offer of "unconditional" discus-
sions, has not prolonged the war by itself, but
it has added to the thicket of qualifications.
Although there is considerable evidence
that the Vietcong, North Vietnam, and Red
China do not now wish to negotiate, the
Ribicoff proposal to Invite all involved to a
conference at Geneva holds considerable
merit. However difficult it is to prosecute
both peace and war at the same time, as the
rhetorical perambulations of the President
have established in the last week, I he posi-
tion of the United States should be kept in
focus. Our dedication to peace Is not and
should not be a bow to world opinion, it must
be a constantly clear desire.
There is reason to doubt the real position
of the United States-as the world sees us.
In an effort to soothe Congress, the President
has again contributed to the confusion by
noting that "I gather from what General
Gavin said in summary there is riot a great
deal of difference between what he and
Kerman are saying and what the Government
Is doing."
Now, of course, there is considerable dif-
ference between the Keenan testimony and
the Johnson action-a difference of almost
200,000 troops, perhaps, certainly a differ-
ence in strategy. Ambassador Keenan urged
that we dig in and wait for a political solu-
tion to emerge. General Gavin although ap-
parently modifying his enclave position
slightly, was advocating a similar, if slightly
different, policy. Many administration offi-
cials feel that either strategy would allow
the Vietcong undisturbed political control
of the country. There the argument now
rests,
The President adheres to his view that
no one has put forth a better suggestion
on how to fight the war in Vietnam; an
increasing number of Congressmen are asking
what point there is in arriving at a stale-
mate at a higher level of engagement. It
may be said that each retort begs the ques-
tion; the question must still be asked,
Senator RIBICOFF has not been so much
involved In the strategy of war is the tactics
of peace. His suggestion cannot of itself end
the war, but the spirit of his view tends to
advance the possibilities of peaceful solu-
tions. He has presented a fresh initiative
and this is just as helpful, perhaps more
so, than the declarations of Honolulu. If
neither one Can guarantee the objective of
the United States, which is to prevent the
seizure of South Vietnam by force, the coun-
try should not go further down the road to
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March 4, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
war without the kind of real debate we
have at last come to.
[From the Manchester (Conn.) Herald, Feb.
14, 19661
RIBICOFF TAKES HIS STAND
The entry of Senator RIBICOFF into the
Vietnam debate is the more impressive be-
cause it has been so long delayed. For a
long time Connecticut people have been won-
dering if they were ever to be represented
in the great national discussion of the most
controversial foreign policy commitment of
our national history. Senator RIBICOFF him-
self explains his own silence hitherto by
saying that he has had a general instinct
to support the policies of the President, and
that his own previous service in the Cabinet
led him to appreciate the burdens the Presi-
dency must carry in such a world crisis.
Now that he has felt it his own duty
to formulate a position and make recom-
mendation, Senator RIaTcoFF can be given
credit for taking a stand which does not
equivocate in the least in the matter of
direction.
Recognizing full well the twin stakes being
contested in Vietnam-the one the right of
the South Vietnamese people to have some-
thing to say about their own political des-
tiny-the other the maintenance of that
practical power politics style balance of power
which the world is still trying to substitute
for law-Senator RIBIcoFF nevertheless for-
mulates recommendations which would aim
at defusing the situation rather than allow
it to continue automatically into its quick-
sand of progressive and unlimited involve-
ment for everybody.
We are not very sure-perhaps even the
Senator himself is not very sure-that the
specific recommendations he makes have a
chance of being adopted by the White House,
or of meeting with favorable response else-
where if the White House should adopt
them.
But Senator RIBIcoFF judged, rightly we
think, that it was important to offer some-
thing in specific terms rather than merely
to reiterate generalities which have, so far,
not lacked for distinguished endorsements.
The Ribicoff proposals, to be debated in the
light of their propriety and feasability, along
with their prospective chances of success,
are four in number. He would deal with the
problem of how to get the old Geneva Con-
ference going again by having the President
himself issue a call to a preliminary confer-
ence on Vietnam, the call to name Geneva as
the site, and the invitation to go to all the
nations which did attend the 1954 Geneva
Conference, together with any representa-
tives of groups now fighting in the war.
Once such a preliminary conference-
which would obviously itself have to decide
whether it ever would become a formal re-
convocation of the original Geneva Confer-
ence-had met, Senator RIBICOFF would have
the United States offer to make a token
withdrawal of troops from Vietnam, to be
matched by a similar withdrawal of North
Vietnamese forces.
Senator RIBICOFF'S third point calls for the
selection of Arthur Goldberg, the present
Ambassador to the United Nations, and
Arthur Dean, disarmament negotiator who
has now served several administrations, as
our delegates to such a preliminary confer.
ence, to be accompanied by the two, party
leaders in the Senate-Senators MANSFIELD
and DIBKSEN.
Fourth, as a minor immediate move
toward that defusing effort he considers so
vitally necessary before the situation gets
even more out of hand than it is, Senator
RialcoFF suggests a new effort to use Red
Cross international mediarfes to arrange ex-
change of prisoners in Vietnam.
These specific recommendations are open
to discussion and debate, and one hopes they
get them.
Meanwhile, the main stance taken by Sen-
ator RIBICOFF, after his long examination
of the issues and his own inner guidances,
can also be taken, we think, as something
pretty close to the way the American people
themselves are feeling these days, which
would explain what seems to be the un-
usual response the Ribicoff proposals have
already begun to receive.
The Senator put his main thought well
enough in the closing portion of his speech
on Vietnam, as follows:
"There is a fever abroad in the world. And
that fever has different names in different
places: 'Nationalism'; 'Self-determination';
'Anticolonialism'; and yes, even communism.
It is a fever characterized by violence-and
'wars of liberation' are the most obvious
signs of the disease.
"Men want to make up their own minds
about their destinies and control their fu-
tures. We can understand and sympathize
with their wishes. But ironically, that desire
for self-determination is strongest where the
institutions of self-government are weakest.
"And when one, of the newly emerging
nations is struggling-as South Vietnam is
struggling-against the piratical ambitions
of its neighbor, or against the subversive
force of a minority of its awn people, we are
forced into a dilemma. For the more we try
to help, the less those men believe in their
own power to control events.
"In one way, this new world of ours is like
two children struggling in the street. Down
the street comes the compassionate father,
who sees his son being beaten by the town
bully. He wants to help-yet he knows that
if he intervenes his son will lose his self-
respect. But if he doesn't step in, his son
will be beaten into the dust.
"And so it is in Vietnam, South Vietnam
is struggling with Hanoi and with the Viet-
cong. We want to help-but the more we do,
the less the effort is South Vietnam's and
the more it is our war. Yet if we step aside,
South Vietnam will disappear under the tide
of aggression.
"If the world is not to be swept away by
an epidemic, we must learn to deal with this
fever. If we do not learn from the mistakes
of the past, we are doomed to fall and fail
and fail again.
"We must bring about an end to this
dilemma. And we must begin pulling the
fuse out of the bomb that is Vietnam. I say
we must begin to talk-for weapons are no
substitute for reason."
The forces of restraint and reason have,
this weekend, gained an important recruit.
[From the New Haven (Conn.) Register,
Feb. 1b, 19661
SENATOR RIBICOFF OFFERS His PEACE TALK
PLANS
ABRAHAM RrBIcoFF, our junior Senator
from Connecticut, has proposed that Presi-
dent Johnson invite the original participants,
plus some others, to the 1954 Geneva Con-
ference to convene again to seek a settle-
ment of the war in Vietnam. The Vietcong,
RIBICOFF said, should not be barred from the
discussions.
As evidence of good faith, the Senator
suggested that both the United States and
North Vietnam agree to withdraw 10,000
troops from South Vietnam. Since Hanoi
claims it has none of its troops in South
Vietnam, it would be placed In an embarrass-
ing position to meet these terms. Despite
the denials the United States knows differ-
ently-from battlefield contact. The Ribi-
coff proposal is that no preconditions be set
for the conference, that it be wide open.
President Johnson, in a telephone con-
versation Monday with Senator RiBicos',
gave partial endorsement to the plan. The
President said he was willing to go to Geneva
but only if Great Britain and the Soviet Un-
ion called such a conference. These nations
were cochairmen of the 1954 convention.
If the Communists boycotted such a meet-
ing it would be proof to the world, RIBIcoFF
believes, that the United States went to an
extreme for peace but its appeals were not
heard by its military and political enemies.
Almost immediate disagreement with the
Ribicoff plan came from some other Sena-
tors. JACOB JAVITS, Republican, of New York,
said peace efforts cannot be unilateral. He
also saw no hope for peace until our military
position is better established in South Viet-
nam, at least with some heavily defended
enclaves in key coastal areas.
Others believe that if the Ribicoff proposal
is adopted by the administration and we go
to Geneva, we would be left abandoned like
a bride at the altar.
RIBIc0FF at least has made an overture in
the hope of ending the fighting and the
bombing. His proposal is another suggestion
in the right direction. His recommendation
that we recognize the Vietcong, at least for
purposes of deliberation, is another indica-
tion of a change among some in Washington
toward dealing with the Communist National
Liberation Front.
As we pursue the war, we must also pursue
peace. This course goes hand in hand. Un-
til the hand for peace gets stronger the war
will go on.
[From the Stamford (Conn.) Advocate,
Feb. 17, 19661
RIBICOs'F's FOUR POINTS
Senator ABRAHAM RIBICOFF has advanced
a four-point program designed to bring the
Communists to the negotiating table at Ge-
neva. He proposes that the Vietcong be ad-
mitted to the bargaining table; the matched
withdrawal of 10,000 troops each by the
North Vietnamese and by us; the conduct of
negotiations without an agenda; and that
prisoners be exchanged.
The Ribicoff proposals received a quick re-
action from the White House. President
Johnson, who has been trying in every way
short of total surrender to the Communists
to get negotiations, called the Senator and
exchanged views with him for 40 minutes by
telephone. The President told the Senator
that he would go to Geneva at anytime but
that he felt the invitation should be issued
by the cochairmen of the conference, Rus-
sia and Britain. The President told Senator
RIBICOFF that once such a call was issued the
United States would certainly attend.
The President said that if the Hanoi Com-
munists would agree to sit down at the con-
ference table a way would be found to have
the Vietcong subversives seated, but he re-
fused to recognize the Vietcong, as the sole
representatives of the South Vietnamese peo-
ple.
The President said that as a humanitarian
he favored the prisoner exchange at any
time. As to the Senator's suggestion that
our negotiating team be made up of Ambas-
sador Goldberg, Arthur Dean, and Senators
MANSFIELD and DIRKSEN the President said
that he admired these men greatly.
Senator RIBICOFF was convinced that the
President is indeed devoted to ending this
war which we never wanted to fight. The
quick response to the Senator's proposals by
the President should not be ignored by those
in charge of protocol in Geneva. The invi-
tation to negotiation should be made to all
sides. The onus of continuing the war will
then be on the side that does not answer.
Under any circumstances, our Senator has
made an interesting proposal. He joins dis-
tinguished company in making an effort to
find some way to end this conflict with honor.
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4740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE March , 1:1GG
[From the West Hartford (Conn.) News, Feb.
17, 19661
TIMELY SENATOR
The enterprising little Hartford College for
women was the setting, and a pretty passel
of eager-eyed girls was the backdrop on Mon-
day for what could be a big paragraph in
world history, and under any circumstances
at least a small footnote.
1'he girls had invited Senator ABRAHAM A.
ItrnrcoFF to speak to them while he was in
Hartford. As occasionally happens among
political leaders, the time had come when
the Senator had something especially timely.
and especially significant, to say. So it was
it Hartford College that he made his most
important foreign policy speech In which he
called for reconvening of the Geneva Confer-
ence of 1954. Beyond that suggestion the
donator traced the course of America's en-
laraging commitment: "Like slow moving
quicksand, the conflict in Vietnam sucked
us in-deeper and deeper-until we now find
ourselves deer in a war we didn't want to
light." And he concluded: "We must be
resolute in helping our southeast Asian
friends remain free to choose the form of
government they want."
.Between these two poles the Senator had
a good deal to say that the President would
just as soon wasn't said right now with quite
tile authority that a Senator has. But the
I'resident, who called the Senator from Wash-
ington and talked 45 minutes about the Ribi-
coil' proposal for it preliminary conference on
Vietnam and token withdrawals of troops
(plus a Red Cross exchange of prisoners),
knows that, the Connecticut Senator has his
ear about as close to the public heart as
anybody around.
Ife touches a sensitive nerve when he
raises the pointed question whether indeed
south Vietnam's record of political, judicial,
economic, and social reform justifies our
hope. The hope is, of course, that given a
free choice, the people would identify their
military government as the image of de-
cuoeracy for which America risks its pres-
tige in an Asian land war.
ii; is fair to ask, what social progress
could be expected in a nation torn for 20
years by revolution and war? And before
that mostly fiefdoms and religious hier-
s,rchles. But such realizations are not new.
They are the same ones upon which "old
China hands" both diplomatic and military
have founded their belief that the United
lftates was not going to make its point with
a land war. Yet, as Senator RIBICOFF
pointed out. the desire for self-determina-
tion is "strongest where the institutions of
self.-government are weakest."
His solution to the dilemma is a deliberate.
immediate policy of open negotiation in
which we attempt to bring the weight of the
Russian people to bear for peace, rather than
brinkmanship. In this week's proposal, and
its rationale, the Senator ranges himself on
the reflective side of the Vietnam argument.
11 would substitute new creative thinking
or old shibboleths. For this he should find
a grateful nation.
[T-in the Nov, Britain (Conn..) Herald, Feb.
1.7, -9661
e;,i'A AT AN IMPAS?SR
'I'tiat Senator RInxCOFF'S proposal for a con..
fcreiice at Geneva on the Vietnamese situa-
tion met with agreement, in principle, from
President Johnson is a healthy development.
It is encwir ring to note that the Presf-
(lint's only immediate objection to the Sena-
fix's plan is the stipulation that the cachair-
7nen of the 7954 Geneva Conference, Britain
acrid the U.S., R., issue invitations to the
talks. This is only it matter of protocol. A,
tas more serious point could have been
raised if the President had objected to the
proposed repre:;entation of the Vietcong at;
tine talks.
However, the President's conversation with
Senator R]:BIcoFF on Sunday gives a pointed
reminder that he is Indeed ready to talk
peace as a means toward ending the conflict.
RIn]:coFF's stipulation that no subjects be
barred from discussion at the conference
would insure that the talks were not an
empty gesture, and his proposal; that both
sides implement it token withdrawal of
troops and exchange of prisoners would help
to smooth the way for such a discussion.
The read to the conference t:,ble is diffi-
cult, especially in view of the far that pro-
ceedings would have to he initia!,l d by both
England and the U.S.S.R. A conference at
Geneva s a possibility, however slim, and
we can only hope that the chances for such
a talk will increase with the passage of time.
[From the Willimantic (Conn.) Chronicle,
Feb.. 16, 19661
C]FIROa ICLE COMMENT,)RY: THI: RI]3ICOFF
PEACE PLAN
The speech Senator AuaAInASr E,.13ICOFF de-
livered before the student body ; I the Hart-
ford College for Women Monday inn which he
proposed a four-point plan to defuse the ex-
plosive situation in Vietnam is the result of
a great de:il of study and thought on the
Senator's part.. It; is understandable that the
Senator should have waited until now to
make an appraisal of the southeast Asian
situation As a former Cabine'. officer in
the Kennedy administration h::3 remarks
could have easily been misirnterpreted.
While ,here is serious question about the
propriety of the United States issuing a call
for it col.fere;ace to be held on Vietnam at
Geneva, '.he basic. thought put 'brward by
the Sena,-,or is a valid one. If t' ere is the
need to pinpoint a. cause for ti : crisis in
Vietnam it most certainly can bc' traced to
the c3ene'rn. accords and the failure to effec-
tively implement and police them Without
question, there is something to he said for
the White House suggestion t.;at either
Britain or the Soviet Union as r ochairmen
should initiate the call fc,r the me:cting. The
response ao such it call would agora indicate
clearly who 1s interested in a ju.:r, peace in
Vietnam end who is not.
The Ribic:ofi' proposal to make :, token re-
moval of 10,000 troops once the conference
is convened is the one that could be the toe
stumper. This evidence of good faith is fine,
but meaningless without, eorrespcndi.ng ac-
tion by tl.e North Vietnamese forces.
The Senator acted wisely in suggesting
that the majority and .minority leaders of
the U.S. S.nate be included among the nego-
tiators sent to the Conference. 'l9re Senate
is, of cou.r:se, the place frcrrn. which he phrase
"advise and consent" originates and it seems
appropriate that they have a full end com-
plete comprehension of c, matter ns irnpor-
t:n t as possible settlement of th,e? Vietnam
war.
No one, we are sure, could thint of fault-
ing the Connecticut Senator for :,uggesting
that the International. Red Cron. be em-
ployed to arra:age for the exchange of pris-
oners. TI-is is a humanitarian an r1 sensible
approach,
Taken as a whole, the Ribicoff r, ice plan
was one which deserved the seric ~s; often-
ticn of the national administration and such
attention was evidenced by the I'rasident's
telephone conversation with the Senator
while he was in Hartford. It trul; was one
of the mor;t responsible reports on the Viet-
nam situation to be brought to pul ic notice
in recent lays. The Senator is tc be com-
mended for his well done homewe;-k.
tiate) is that South Vietnam is a. el:ecker-
[Frofn the Danbury (rr,nn.) N:~?~v.,-Times, board, an area here held by us and an area,
Feb. 15, 11+661 of few miles dstarit controlled by tiio Viet-
merit, has made a number of contributions
in the field of domestic affairs since entering
the Senate.
He has now made a significant contribution
in the field of foreign relations.
He has proposed it four-point plan t(), in
his words, "defuse" the explosive situation in
Vietnam. Highlights of these proposals a:e:
1. That the President issue a call for it pre
liminary conference on Vietnam, to take place
at Geneva, at a date selected by the President.
with all concerned with the Genova accords
of 1954 invited and with no subject barred.
2. That the United States offer, once tine
conference is convened, to make a t..'ken with-
drawal of 10,000 troops, with it similar with-
drawal to be made by the North Vietnamese.
3. That Senators MANSFIELD and DnneSE's
be named to attend the preliminary confer-
ence along with two of America's "very be.-J,
negotiators," Arthur Goldberg and Arthur
Dean.
4. That every means be used, as an immedi-
ate step, to arrange an exchange of prison-
ers through the Red Cross.
Senator RIBICOFF revealed his 'our-point
proposal Sunday and elaborated upon it in a
talk Monday at the Hartford College for
Women.
"In South Vietnam," he pointed out, "we
are face to face with China. We are thwart-
ing her ambitions to change the balance of
power in Asia. This is it delicate situation,
for we must take into account not only
China's reactions, but also those of Russia--
her sometimes reluctant ally."
Asserting that we must continue resolute
in helping the people of South Vietnam re-
main free to choose the government they
want, Senator RnecoFF reviewed the difficul-
ties the United States has experienced in el-
forts, so far unsuccessful, to get North Viet-
nam to the negotiating table.
His call for an unconditional preliminrurv
conference to "defuse" the situation a.gaia
demonstrates the willingness of the United
States to seek peace.
The imaginative steps he offers. 1I accepted
all around, could well pave the way fora hull
and conclusive peace conference, restoring
some semblance of peace to a disordered
world.
London (Conn.; );,y, I'rb.
15, 1966]
OUR FUTURE IN VIETNAM
Clearly,.the debate over our role in Viet-
nam is beginning to get down to cases. And
that's a good sign. It is, in fact, the only
encouraging factor in the assessment of
where we stand and what might, lie ahead.
Although President Johnson ta.k.es a dim
view of Senate Foreign Relations Commit-
tee hearings, they are producing scas;e posi-
tive ideas. One may question but ccl not g-
nore the counsels of such men as r,^t:ired 1,1.
Gen. James Gavin and of George Henna a.
former head of the State Department,', Policy
Planning Board. Nor can one dt rcg""rd the
proposal of Senator ABRAHAM Rlnrcos'r, who
calls for a Geneva Conference which would
be based on withdrawal of 10,000 US. troops
if 11anoi agrees to do likewise. B u : v Cold-
water states the traditional theory of w: r-
fare, to hit the enemy again and again, wi11i
air power, until he capitulates; here again
this argument cannot be jettisoned, hecitu,:e,
like it or not, we are at war to ile"end t'ho
long-accepted ideal of self-determination.
The weakness of the Kennan-Gavir, point
of view (dig in, hold our ground until Han(i,
recognizing it cannot will, agree:; (,o Logo-
-_ - ` " """" `- ' """" guarantee that the Vietcong would be driven
Senator ABRAHAM[ RIEICOFF, former Gover- to its knees; rather it likely would re;ult in
nor of Connecticut and former Secretary of an intolerable standoff as in Korea., precipi-
the Health, )Education, and Welfare Depart- tating many long years of unrest and trouhle
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March 4. 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
for the South Vienamese, and little prospect
of political stability.
The important thing is that the debate is
becoming far more responsible, intelligent
and clear. The vocal element which de-
manded immediate retreat has been all but
silenced. The Foreign Relations Committee
has more witnesses to hear and how Chair-
man FULBRmGHT (an opponent of current U.S.
policy) handles this testimony can have a
profound effect on the course of debate and
on future decisions.
ALASKA CONSERVATION SOCIETY
URGES RESTORATION OF SNET-
TISHAM DAM PROJECT
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, I
spoke at some length on the Senate floor
regarding the proposed 1967 budget cut-
backs in public works projects and spe-
cifically of the Snettisham Dam which
4741
The case contesting the legality of prescription of the Constitution or wnecner
the wheat certificates was brought Feb- it is regulatory and thus permitted," Judge
Powell said in his decision. "Under the com-
ruary 3, 1965, by the wheat export tax merce clause of the Constitution, article I,
committee of the Washington State Farm
Bureau. The ruling was handed down
February 28, 1966.
Since wheat export certificates are au-
thorized in the present farm law, al-
though managed on a variable basis at
the present time, this ruling has great
significance in relation to the present
wheat program. I need not say that I
am gratified by the ruling and am sure
that other Members of this body, inter-
ested in the economic welfare of our
wheat and other agricultural producers,
will be equally pleased.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WHEAT EXPORT CERTIFICATE CONSTITUTIONAL
was programed for construction begin- SPOKANE, WASH., February 28.-In a deci-
ning this spring. These funds were elim- sion announced last week, a U.S. Federal dis-
inated in the President's budget and trict court judge in Spokane ruled that the
simply must be restored. Cutting it out section of the wheat certificate program are-
th
e export ticertton.
is not an economy. Quite the contrary. gate levy does not violate oft the
The dam-will be a great revenue Previously, a three-judge Federal panel had
producer. denied a motion to grant an injunction to
It is interesting to note that this prof- prohibit the enforcement of the export mar-
ect was approved by many different keting certificate regulations on wheat.
groups which are in accord that the dam Following announcement of the decision
will perform a worthwhile function by by Federal Judge Charles L. Powell, a group
supplying needed power in the vicinity of Washington wheat farmers who had filed
of Juneau, Alaska, and will be even more suit in Spokane district court last spring to
test the constitutionality of the export mar-be- needed than when first authorized keting certificate indicated they are giving
cause of the subsequent vast timber sale ale serious consideration to an appeal. The
on the Tongass National Forest, and the group, comprising the wheat export tax com-
prospective pulp and paper industries mittee of the Washington State Farm Bu-
resulting therefrom. They will bring in reau, expressed keen disappointment with the
increased tax revenues to the Nation and judge's ruling. They have launched an im-
State and employ hundreds of taxpaying mediate study of the feasibility of appeal-
workers. lag the decision to a higher court. A deci-
sion
an example of this accord, I ask sion may be reached by the committee at a
meeting to be held March 12 in Yakima.
unanimous consent to have printed in The suit, sponsored by the wheat export
the RECORD a resolution passed by the tax committee, was originally filed February
Alaska Conservation Society recom- 3, 1965, against Secretary of Agriculture Free-
mending that the dam be constructed. man. It was the ended In the spring
it cof 1965
There being no objection, the resole- tion. It contended that the export certificate
Lion- was ordered to be printed in the collection of 25 cents a bushel in effect dur-
RECORD, as follows: tug the 1964-65 crop year and imposed by the
RESOLUTION BY THE ALASKA CONSERVATION Agricultural Act of 1964 was in direct viola-
SOCIETY'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS tion of article I, section 9, clause 5, of the
Resolved, That the Alaska Conservation So- Constitution of the United States, which
ciety supports the efforts of our State gov- states, "No tax or duty shall be laid on ar-
ernment officials and members of the Alaska titles exported from any State."
congressional delegation to have Federal CONCERNED 2,872-BUSHEL EXPORT SALE
funds made availablo for the early construc- Named as plaintiff in the suit was Shirl
tion of the Snettisham hydroelectric power Moon, dryland wheat farmer from the Horse
project near Juneau, Alaska. Inasmuch as Heaven area of Benton County, Wash., who
the need for this additional power has been did not participate in the 1964 wheat certifi-
clearly demonstrated, and the preliminary re- cate program and thus received no certificate
search indicates that damage to fish and wild- payments. The action concerned his sale of
life resources will be negligible, the society 1,872 bushels of wheat to a buyer in Rotter-
feels this project is worthy of approval by all dam The Netherlands, in January 1965. The
citizens of the State of Alaska. plaintiff, in his original complaint, asked for
Attest: a judgment for refund of $168.52 against the
CELIA M. HUNTER, Secretary of Agriculture and an injunction
WHEAT EXPORT CERTIFICATE
HELD CONSTITUTIONAL
Mr. MCGOVERN. I ask unanimous
consent, Mr. President, to have printed
in the RECORD an article from the cur-
rent, March 1, issue of the Southwestern
Miller which reports that Federal Dis-
trict Judge Charles L. Powell has ruled
in Spokane, Wash., that wheat export
certificates authorized in the voluntary
wheat certificate act in 1964, are con-
stitutional.
,
n
e
Illino
s V.
against his further encroachment for a pay- America may regulate or
ment for export marketing certificates. The United noted States certain of imports. The regulate are or
three-judge
was then panel denied the injunction. The uprohibit late commerce by prohibiting either impor-
Spokane tdetermine whether referred whether Judge the Powell l o a wheat of tation or exportation of a commodity would
Spokane r include the lesser power of permitting ex-
tax marketing certificates constitute a ports only by compliance with certain regula-
tutor duty in contravention of the Consti- tory controls. Such is the provision here in ion. tat he question. The use of export marketing
The refund of es me the sought difference Mr. Moon be- certificates in conjunction with the refund
i to en suit represented
certificate payment off provisions of the act or credits as provided
$411.993 his and a refund of f $243.41 co export as a an n export by the act enables the exporter to meet world
$411.excopetition and also prevents him from
subsidy payment. Selling below the world market and thus
WHETHER REVENUE OR REGULATORY permits the United States to fulfill its obli-
"The question for determination is wheth- gations under the International Wheat
er the act is a revenue measure within the Agreement.
section 8, the Congress has the power to
regulate commerce with the foreign nations
and among the several states. That regula-
tion may be effectuated by price control.
Such regulation has been held to be within
the legislative power of Congress."
Judge Powell also pointed out that the
regulation of agriculture is recognized to be
within the power of Congress under the
commerce clause, and he said that "it in-
cludes the power to regulate prices of com-
modities in commerce and the practices
which affect such price." He also noted that
"the production and marketing of wheat has
been the subject of repeated legislation."
DEPENDS ON OBJECTS OF STATUTE
Judge Powell's decision included the fol-
lowing:
"The test to determine whether a statute
imposes a tax or whether it is regulatory
is determined by consideration of the pur-
poses and objects of the statute as a whole.
If the revenue for the general support of
Government is the primary purpose and
regulation incidental, the imposition of a
tax is controlled by the taxing provisions of
the Federal Constitution. If regulation is
the primary purpose of the statute then the
statute is not controlled by the taxing power
but by the power of Congress to regulate the
particular commodity or subject matter of
the statute.
NO MOTIVE EXCEPT REGULATION
"The purpose of the wheat marketing
certificate program is not to raise revenue
for meeting the general expenses or obliga-
tions of the government. There appears to
be nothing in the context of the act or in
the legislative history of the act to lead one
to believe that Congress was prompted by
any motive other than to regulate the price
and production of wheat. The act provides:
"'In order to expand International trade
in Wheat and wheat flour and promote equit-
able and stable prices therefor the Commod-
ity Credit Corporation shall, upon the ex-
portation from the United States of any
wheat or wheat flour, make a refund to the
exporter or allow him a credit against the
amount payable by him for marketing cer-
tificates, in such amount as the Secretary
determines will make V.S. wheat and wheat
flour generally competitive in the world mar-
ket, avoid disruption of world market prices
and fulfill the international obligations of
the United States.'
"The legislative history of the act as set
forth in appendix C to defendant's supple-
mental brief leaves little question but that
the act was intended as a regulatory meas-
ure. The purpose is stated as follows:
"'Since the purpose of requiring certifi-
cates on wheat and wheat products exported
is not to obtain revenue, but solely to regu-
late the price at which such products are
exported and eliminate the possibility of
windfall profits.'
TO FULFILL WORLD OBLIGATIONS
"In Board of Trustees of the University of
it is held that the
d States
i
it
U
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March
"It is my opinion that the act is regula-
tory and not a revenue measure and that it
is constitutional. The plaintiff's motion for
summary judgment will be denied and
the defendant's motion for summary judg-
ment granted."
IMPACT ON OTHER COMMODITIES
Leon Willard, of Prosser, Wash., chairman
of the wheat export tax committee, said he
foresees the possibility of the court's deci-
sion reaching beyond wheat exports into the
marketing of other commodities abroad.
"The impact of this opinion could affect
many other export markets and industries,"
be said. "What is there to prevent the con-
trol of all exported goods by similar regula-
tory measures?"
Max Benitz, president of the Washington
State Farm Bureau and an ex officio mem-
ber of the committee, commented that "at
a Lime when great emphasis is being placed
on the expansion of world trade,, the control
of export prices through such devices could
make a shambles of our Constitution." He
contended that "the Issue of whether or not
a regulatory device such as the export cer-
tificate is unconstitutional has not been met
squarely by the court."
In addition to Mr. Willard and Mr. Benitz,
members of the wheat export tax committee
are Roy Eslick, of Dayton; Joe Fulton, of
]"airfield; Richard Klicker, of Walla Walla;
Richard McWhorter, of Prosser; Richard Per-
kins, of Palouse; and Oliver Dilling, of
Connell.
EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS OUR
VETERANS DESERVE
tr. CHURCH. Mr. President, yes-
terday the President signed into law the
Veterans' Readjustment Benefits Act of
1966, which was recently passed unani-
mously by both Houses of Congress. I
was very pleased to support this measure
in the Senate.
The men and women who have served
our country deserve the educational ex-
periences which may have otherwise been
lost to them because of military service.
The February 28 newsletter of the Na-
tional Education Association summarizes
this act very well. I ask unanimous con-
sent to have the summary printed in the
RECORD.
[here being no objection, the summary
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PEP.MANENT Of EDUCATION BILL SENT 170
ORESIDENT JOHNSON
lresident Johnson is expected momentarily
In sign. a permanent GI benefits measure
with an estimated eventual price tag of $500
million a year. The measure, which will take
effect no later than June 1 of this year, ac-
cents education and homebuying aid for all
military personnel with more than 6 months
of active duty since January 31, 1955. the date
benefits ceased under the Korean GI Reacl-
jiisrment Act.
Passed last year by the Senate and Febru-
ary 7 of this year by the House in different
Corms, the compromise bill advanced through
the Senate on February 10 by a vote of 99 to 0
and was whisked to the President without a
dissent after a voice vote in the House later
the same day.
Tito Johnson administration had recoTu-
mended that benefits be limited to men who
:icrve in combat situations, instead of cover-
ing all personnel regardless of where they
served their military time. The estimated
cost: of the administration bill was $150 mil-
lion a year. The cost of the program as
passed is expected to level off at around $500
million annually after 5 years. Its first-year
cost is estimated at $335 million.
VETERAN' READJUSTMENT BENEFIT:: ACT OF 1966
As sent to President Johnson, the measure
contained the following major provisions:
Authorized payments to meet, in part, the
expenses of the veterans' subsistence, tuition,
fees, supplies, books, equipmen, and other
educational costs.
P?rovic!.ed 1 month of educational assistance
for each month or fraction thereof spent on
active duty after January 31, 1!355.
Prohibited a veteran from receiving more
than 36 months of training or educational
assistance under the 1966 act or under a
combination of benefits from tae 1966 act
and the World War II or Korean GI Readjust-
ment Act, the war orphans' educational as-
sistance program or the vocational rehabili-
tation program for disabled veterans.
Stipulated that a veteran pursuing a full-
time course receive $100 a month in educa-
tional benefis, $125 if he had oni' dependent
and $150 if he had. two or more dependents.
For a %--time course, stipulated that a single
veteran receive $75 a month, that a veteran
with one dependent receive $95 and that a
veteran with two or more dependents receive
$115. For a r/2-time course, stipulated that
a single veteran receive $50 a month, that a
veteran with one dependent receive $65 and
that a veteran with two or more dependents
receive $75.
Required veteran to complete education
within 8 years following his last discharge
from active duty after January 31, 1955, or
within 8 years after the educational section
went into effect (,June 1, 19661 whichever
was later.
Defined an. eligible veteran as one who
served OIL active duty for more thin 180 days,
any part of which occurred after January 31,
1955, or who was released or disc hanged be-
cause of a service-connected disability after
January 31, 1955.
Provided that a person who It d served 2
years on active duty and was cor?tinuing on
active duty could take advantage Jf the edu-
cational benefits by attending nearby insti-
tutions during off'-duty liours, bur, stipulated
that these persons would receive payments
only for sees and tuition. Specifi?.id that the
allowance would be computed at. the rate of
the established institutional char,es for tui-
tion and fees or at $100 a month whichever
was less.
Defines. educational institution ns any pub-
lic or private secondary school. vocational
school, correspondence school, business
school, junior college, teachers' caliege, col-
lege, normal school, professional school, uni-
versity, or scientific or technical institution,
or any otner institution if it furni., lies educa-
tion at Ice secondary school level or above.
Dcfinec. program of education as any cur-
riculum or ary combination of unit courses
pursued in arc educational institution which
is generally accepted as necessary, to fulfill
the requirement for attainment if a prede-
termined educational, professional, or voca-
tional ob ective.
Prohibited enrollment in courses of ap-
prenticeship or on-tile-job training, institu-
tional on-the-farm training or a course to
be pursued by open circuit television or radio,
unless the latter was part of a reg,ilar course
offered by an institution of higher learning.
Prohibited enrollment in an avor'ational or
recreational course unless the veteran sub-
mitted evidence that such a course would
be of bona fide use in the pura:ait of his
present or contemplated business it occupa-
tion. Specified other types Of courses which
would not qualify a veteran for benefits.
Other noneducational features of the meas-
ure also authorized Veterans' Administration
home loans and ]'Home loan guarantees for
Armed Forces veterans who were defined by
the bill a eligible for educational benefits;
extended medical care in Veterara' Admin-
istration hospitals, when there was room and
the veteran demonstrated a financial need,
to veterans with non.-service-connected disa-
bilities who served after January 31, 1955;
extended job counseling and job placement
assistance by the Department of Labor to
persons serving after January 31, 1955; and
extended preference in securing Federal jobs
to persons serving after January 31, 1955.
WORLD HUNGER: ENEMY OF
U.S. PROSPERITY
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, the
current issue of Forbes magazine, dated
March 1, has an excellent "roundup"
article and an editorial on the world
food and population situation, from a
business point of view.
Forbes is unabashed by the fact that
America has an economic interest in
ending hunger in the world. The maga-
zine even lists major corporations that
"will help feed the world," and can there-
by benefit economically.
The magazine comments:
Humanitarian motives aside, the President
and his aids know full well that the U.S.
economy cannot continue to grow without
an expanding world market. Moreover, as
the President has noted, quoting Seneca, "A
hungry people listens not to reason. nor cares
for justice, nor is bent by any prayers."
I am happy to see Forbes' analysis of
the situation, for I have always regarded
food for peace, which the President pro-
poses to rename food for freedom, as a
fine blending of humanitarianism and
self-interest.
I ask unanimous consent that the
Forbes article, and an editorial in the
same issue concluding that we must
"make a mighty effort," be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
and editorial were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
WORLD HUNGER: ENEMY OF U.S. PROSPERITY
Two-thirds of the people of the world are
now face to face with famine. Humanitarian
reasons aside., the United States cannot let
them starve, because a starving nation is not
a market.
One billion people, a third of the world's
population, drag themselves through the day
weak from hunger, an easy target for disease
and frequently for death from starvation.
Another billion are badly malnourished, al-
most on the borderline of starvation. What
we call progress, civilization, prosperity is
meaningless to two-thirds of the human
race. These people are only half alive. They
are half dead from hunger.
The average American consumes 3,100 cal-
ories a day in foods rich with proteins, vita-
mins, and minerals. In the underdeveloped
nations, the average person must drag his
body along on a more 2,030 calories a day,
and his food usually is deficient in those nu-
trients. While the United States, Western
Europe, Japan, and a few other nations get
richer, the hungry get hungrier, because, in
the underdeveloped part of the world, human
fecundity is outstripping agricultural fecun-
dity. In Asia and Latin America in the past
5 years the population has risen by 12
and 17 percent, respectively. In contrast,
production of food has risen by only
10 percent. The result is that per capita
food production has fallen by 3 percent in
Asia, by 7 percent in Latin America.
The deadly effects of the population explo-
sion aren't for tomorrow. They are here and
now. Today.
As Chairman Robert S. Stevenson of Allis-
Chalmers puts it: "The United States, Can-
ada, and Australia are going to have to feed
the world, or we're going to have to help the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 4, 1966
American programs of the Peace Corps.
During this period, the number of Peace
Corps volunteers in Latin America grew
from 123 to nearly 3,000. He played a
significant role in this growth, and helped
originate the community development
programs in both rural and urban areas.
In April 1964, he was appointed U.S.
Ambassador to Panama, where he proved
to be a popular and effective representa-
tive of our country. Since March 1965,
he has been Assistant Secretary of State
for Inter-American Affairs.
Mr. President, Jack Vaughn is well
qualified to assume the leadership of the
Peace Corps. His experience in Latin
America and Africa, as well as his clear
knowledge of the problems which af-
flict all the underdeveloped areas of the
world, are essential assets. His per-
sonal qualities-the simpatico so loved
by Latin Americans-are an unexpected
bonus both in the Peace Corps and for
the entire Nation. In selecting Mr.
Vaughn' to be Peace Corps Director,
President Johnson has again demon-
strated his unusual capacity for choosing
able administrators to fill critical lead-
THE RUSK DOCTRINE:
DULLES REDOUBLED
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the late,
indefatigable John Foster Dulles gave
us treaties the effectiveness of which
many felt were more apparent than real.
Small wonder, then, that many Ameri-
cans were surprised when Secretary Rusk
did him one better.
He not only said that the SEATO
treaty was a sanction for U.S. Interven-
tion, as Mr. Dulles might have done, but
that the treaty committed us to act. The
St. Louis Post-Dispatch has entitled this
"Mr. Rusk's Specious Case," and com-
ments:
The treaty was always a facade for uni-
lateral intervention and no more. Of the
eight signers, only Thailand and the Philip-
pines are southeast Asian nations. India,
Indonesia, and Burma refused to join it.
One signer, France is an active opponent of
our Vietnam policy. Great Britain has con-
tributed just 12 personnel to the war effort,
the Philippines 70, New Zealand 160, Aus-
tralia 1,400, Pakistan none.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have the Post-Dispatch editorial
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MR. RUSK'S SPECIOUS CASE
Secretary of State Rusk is an able advocate,
as he demonstrated again in his testimony
before the Fulbright hearings on Friday.
But his thesis that the Nation is solemnly
committed by the southeast Asia treaty to an
unlimited war in Vietnam will be persuasive
only to persons who forget the origins and
character of the treaty.
SEATO was, in fact, the device by which
Secretary. Dulles set out to undermine the
Geneva agreements of 1954. These accords,
which among other things forbade either
South or North Vietnam to enter into a mili-
tary alliance, were reached in July of that
year. The treaty was signed in September,
and the United States immediately began
fashioning its military alliance with a Saigon
government which the CIA helped establish.
The treaty was always a facade for unilat-
eral intervention and no more. Of the eight
signers, only Thailand and the Philippines
are southeast Asian nations. India, Indo-
nesia and Burma refused to join it. One
signer, France, is an active opponent of our
Vietnam policy. Great Britain-has contrib-
uted just 12 personnel to the war effort; the
Philippines, 70; New Zealand, 150; Australia,
1,400; Pakistan none.
Far from justifying American intervention
in Vietnam, SEATO is but the instrument
of it; and from the beginning that interven-
tion has been a major cause of the guerrilla
insurrection which Mr. Rusk so righteously
denounces as aggression on the Hitler model.
Mr. Rusk is quite right in rejecting de-
mands by Hanoi that would condition peace
talks upon prior recognition of the Vietcong
as sole representatives of the South Vietna-
mese people. There must be a compromise
by which a broadly representative coalition
government holds temporary power until the
people make their own choice in free elec-
tions. Yet the administration has given no
clear sign that it will accept a compromise
itself.
While denouncing Hanoi for seeking total
victory for the Communists, we seek total
victory for the Saigon government. While
declaring that we want no permanent bases,
we seek to establish in all South Vietnam an
anti-Communist government which could
retain power only under the protection of
permanent American bases.
Hanoi does indeed stand in the way of
peace talks, but not all the obstacles are in
Hanoi. Until the United States is ready to
accept genuinely limited objectives, includ-
ing the goal of a neutralized Vietnam in-
stead of an American satellite, fruitful nego-
tiations seem unlikely and the dangers of a
steadily escalating war will steadily mount.
MINUTEMAN OF THE YEAR AWARD
TO SENATOR STENNIS OF MISSIS-
SIPPI
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, the
Reserve Officers Association of the
United States on February 25, 1966,
awarded to Senator JOHN STENNIS, of
Mississippi, its Minuteman of the Year
Award, recognizing him as the man who
has done the most for our national secu-
rity the past year.
This was a most deserving award.
Senator STENNIS is not only one of the
ablest Members of the Senate, but one of
the best posted on our military require-
ments.
The American people can rejoice in
the fact that Senator Stennis is a pa-
triot, dedicated to the best interests of
our Nation, and is guided by funda-
mental principles in all of his legislative
actions.
The Reserve Officers Association
award was presented at the associa-
tion's annual dinner in Washington. In
the resolution making the award, the
Reserve officers recognized the vast
knowledge of military affairs possessed
by the Senator from Mississippi, and the
leadership he has given the Nation in
this field. The resolution lommends him
for "his devotion to the highest concept
of duty to country; his nobility of pur-
pose; his steadfastness of dedication,
and his clarity of judgment to insure
strength, effectiveness and high morale
to the Nation's military force."
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the body of the
RECORD the address delivered by Sen-
ator STENNIS on the occasion of the pres-
entation of. the award.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
Mr. President, distinguished guests, officers
of the military Reserve and the Regular
Establishment, ladies, and gentlemen, I am
honored and humbled to be with you tonight
and to receive your award for my small efforts
to keep this great country of ours strong,
free, and secure. While no one could fully
deserve the distinction which you so gen-
erously confer upon me, your award will
be all the more cherished because it comes
from a group of citizen-soldiers whose
patriotism and dedication to duty I have
long admired.
The Reserve Officers Association has great
traditions and has rendered fine service to
our Nation. The honor you give me tonight
bath strengthens and inspires me to greater
effort.
I highly commend Gen. Donald Dawson
and his associate officers for an outstanding
administration in this truly great organiza-
tion, and especially Col. John T. Carlton for
the outstanding service your organization
has rendered throughout the years. He is
highly respected on Capitol Hill and also
throughout the Nation.
I am a stanch believer in the citizen-
soldier concept and have long admired all
of our Reserves for their marvelous spirit, for
their devotion to duty, and for their con-
tinued willingness to serve despite repeated
discouragement and lack of full support.
Winston Churchill described the Reserves of-
ficer accurately when he said they were
"twice the citizen."
In many of our wars, you were the first to
accept responsibility for military service. In
the early days of conflict you have borne, and
in future conflicts you will bear the great
brunt of the enemy's offensive. For your as-
sumption of this key responsibility you are
entitled to and receive a special tribute from
a grateful nation.
The war in Vietnam very properly has top
priority and first call upon our military man-
power, material, and other assets. Certainly,
it has the topmost priority with me.
However, tonight I wish to discuss and em-
phasize certain additional problems brought
about and made unmistakably clear by our
fighting in southeast Asia.
The Vietnam war has placed a heavy drain
upon our military equipment and resources-
particularly the Army, but also the Navy, Air
Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. We
have repeatedly been told that our Army is
in the best condition in peacetime history
that we have 16 active Army divisions, fully
equipped and ready for sustained combat.
These statements ring hollow today, as the
Army is forced to struggle and strain to sup-
port and maintain the equivalent of less than
four actual combat divisions in the field in
Vietnam.
The heavy drain of Vietnam has brought
on serious problems in personnel, equipment,
repair parts, and other materials. Our world-
wide military capability has suffered, and this
fact concerns me greatly. Requirements for
Vietnam have almost exhausted our strategic
reserve of trained and ready active military
forces. General Westmoreland has stated a
requirement for a substantial number of ad-
ditional troops. We are confronted with the
hard fact that we would be hard put to sup-
ply them without calling up Reserve Forces or
drawing down our forces in Western Europe
and Korea, perhaps both.
If Army contingency planning had been
followed, specialized combat support and
support service units in the Army Reserve
and Army National Guard already would have
been called to active duty.
Some action is now underway to replenish
the manpower, equipment, and assets of our
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March. ,l, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
supplemental appropriation bill the
funds needed to meet present entitle-
ments under Public Laws 815 and 874.
To do less would be to turn our backs
on our goal to provide the best possible
education to every American.
I have received letters from the Was-
hoe County School District and the Ne-
vada Congress of Parents and Teachers
which outline objections to the argument
that the Elementary and Secondary Edu-
cation Act justifies drastic reductions in
the impacted areas program.
I ask unanimous consent that these
lcaters be printed in the RECORD.
't'here being no objection, the letters
were ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
NEVADA CONGRESS OF PARENTS AND
TrnCHrRS,
Hon. HOWARD CAuNON,
Senator, State of Nevada.
Capitol Building,
Washington, D.C.
1 )EAR SENATOR CANNON: The Tigard of Man-
agers of the Nevada PTA at their January
board meeting went on record as opposing
any reduction In the Federal impact program
Public Laws 874 and 815.
We do not feel that categorical Federal
aid through the Elementary, Secondary Edu-
cation Act can in anyway substitute for the
iunds received by the several school districts
in the State through the impact bills. We
support your efforts for a supplemental ap-
propriation to pay the full entitlement to
l,he school district receiving this aid.
The PTA feels the proposed legislation to
reduce the funds would discriminate against
the children of our service men and women
and other employees of the Federal Govern-
ment.
We want you to know we support your
positive stand to retain the impact legisla-
lion 874 and 815.
Please accept our thanks for your efforts
on behalf of children and youth in the past.
511 cerely yours,
).AMAR LEFEVRE.
President, Necoda Parents and Teachers.
WASIO'.x COTIN'TY ,SCHOOL DISTRICT,
15-sm, Nev., February 21, 1966.
l1on. HOWARD W. CANNON,
Senator from Nevada,
U.S. Senate,
Senate Office Buildbuy,
Wa:.h.ington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR CANNON: Thank you for your
otter advising me of the cuts in Public
Paw 874 and. Public Law 815 which were
proposed In the administration's fiscal budg-
e; for 19(17 and also for your second let-
Icr dated February 14, 1966, notifying me
alias; you have introduced a bill to extend. the
lice of Public Law 811 until 1968.
or your information I would like to sup-
ply the following information to you con-
cerning the number of students leaving and
lie n.umher of teachers affected at the Stead
Air Force Base. It appears that when the
tend. Air Force Base is totally phased out,
aril we expert this to be in June of this
year, we will lose 973 class "A" pupils
(!,hose whose parents live and work on
F'edcral property) and 454 class "'B" pupils
t hose whose parents work on but reside off
rr`e(ieral property).. making a total of 1,427
:',udents that we will lose from the Stead
;S. it Force Base. This will leave us 890 fed-
cralty connected students.
We have budgeted a total of $266,000 for
Public Lau 874 funds for this present year.
unless there is an apropriation to make: the
Fill payments It is our understanding that
we may lose 10 percent of this which would
be approximately $26,600.
Of the 890 students we would exn '-'et to
have next year, 131 would be classed is "A"
students and 7139 as "B" students. if the
reimbursement amount remained the same
as it is now this would mean $123,672 for
the district. However, I also understand
that there is some intention of raising the
percentage of eligibility from 3 percent, to 6
percent and having the focal school districts
absorb the first O percent. If this change
were made Washoe County would not become
eligible for any funds.
If we lose 1,427 federally connecter: stu-
dents this would also mean a loss of approxi-
mately 44 teachers if we use 30 pupils to a
class. We are expecting the county tc con-
tinue to :incre- se in population and, .here-
fore, we are not anticipating cutting 44 leach-
ers although we are at the present time plan-
ning to cut quite a number.
We will, of course, have some problems in
that we have :1 school (elementary) located
at the Stead Ax Force Base which will house
close to 1,000 students.. This school will go
down considerably in population and we will
be operating a school probably with a very
small number in attendance. In the course
of time as the growth in that area continues
we will eventually have full use of the school
again.
In addition to th:.s information concerning
our losses in Public Law 874 money, we have
also received a. letter from the State super-
visor of school lunch programs stating that
the reimbursement rate for the nal ional
school lunch program assigned to Washoe
County will be cut one-half cent effective
December 1, 1.965, and a notice to the effect
that we probably shall be allocated even
less money next year. I would like to fur-
ther add that In respect to the lunch pro-
grain that we are providing between 110,000
and 150,000 free meals to needy children
each year under this program which in my
mind is considerably in line with the l'resi-
dent's poverty program. If the school 1, inch
program is cut further this may mean that
the needy children may suffer furthe,- be-
cause we would to unable to make the
lunches available to them.
Tt seems rather peculiar to me the t. so
much in the clay ooof Government funds is
being made available under the Elementary
and. Secondary Education Act: and the lu(Iu-
cational Opportunity Act, and yet at the
same time such programs as impacted area
funds and national school lunch programs
are being cut. Expression was made b' the
school board members at i;heir last meeting.
to which I thoroughly agree, that if we had
a choice we would prefer receiving f ands
under the impacted program and the Federal
lunch program.
Again let me say that we have al mays
appreciated your sta:ad.
Sincerely yours.
PROCTER R. HUG.
Sup erintendect.
NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC CO-
OPERATIVE ASSOCIATION FOR
TRUTH-IN--LENDING AND OTHER
CONSUMER PROTECTION
Mr. DOUGI AS. Mr. President, I. was
encouraged to receive .from the eoorcL.na-
tor of the Wcmen's Activities Comlr)it-
tee of the National Rural Electric Coop-
erative Association official notice of the
resolution passed by that organizatio.i at
its annual meeting on February 17 in
support of truth-in-lending.
This declaration of support for tri;th-
in-lending and other consumer legitila-
tion represents the considered opinion of
this association of 979 consumers owned
and controlled electric systems, as voted
by 8,949 representatives at the annual
meeting. I ask unanimous consent that
this resolution of the National Rural
Electric Cooperative Association be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
CONSUMER PROTECTION RESOLUTION or 'i'iIE
WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES COMMTTTEI;
Whereas National Rural Electric Coopera-
tive Association is an association of 979 con-
sumer-owned and controlled electric syc'.Cents,
vitally Interested in all matters affecting con-
sumers; and
Whereas we recognize consumers hate a
responsibility in the economic life of this
country to support with their patronage the
honest and efficient producers and distribu-
tors who offer the best value for the lowest
price: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved,, That we support legislation that
helps consumers fulfill their role in at; in-
telligent and responsible manner by giving
them access to clear, unambiguous; informa-
tion about products and services available for
sale; and be it further
Resolved, That we support legislation that
helps consumers shop for the best buy in
credit. by requiring a clear statement of the
cost of credit and the annual rate of interest;
and be it further
Resolved, That we support legislation l,ha.t
assures the safety of food, drugs, and cosmet-
ics before they are offered for sale; and be it
further
Resolved, That we reaffirm our support !or
full representation of the consumer in the
highest councils of government and ce n-
mend the President for again appointing a
Consumer Advisory Council to work with his
Special Assistant for Consumer Affairs: and
be it further
Resolved, That we urge ruralelectric sys-
tems and their State and national assu"ia-
tions to make consumer information st ill-
able to their members.
JACK HOOD VAUGHN
Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, let u)e
add my word of commendation to those
who have already spoken favorably on
the appointment of Jack Hood Va.uitl)n
to be Director of the Peace Corns. His
broad experience, keen intellect, excel-
lent training and demonstrated ability
suit him admirably for this import,lnt
post. '
Secretary Vaughn has long been as-
sociated with the administration of
American foreign policy. After obtain-
ing his A.B. degree from the University
of Michigan in 1943, he entered the U.S.
Marine Corps as a private. He \rcts
honorably discharged from the corps in
1946, having attained the rank of capttlin,
and resumed his studies at Michigan,
where in 1948 he received the M,A. degree
with specialization in Latin American
affairs.
After teaching at Michigan and the
University of Pennsylvania, Vaughn
joined the U.S. Information Agency and
served in La Paz, Bolivia, and San Jere,
Costa Rica. He likewise was assigned
to Panama City as a program officer of
the Foreign Operations Administration
and to La Paz for the International Co-
operation Administration mission. Sc i v-
ice with the ICA later took him to the
Federation of Mali and the Republic of
Senegal.
From October 1960 to April 1961, Sec-
retary Vaughn supervised the Lal,in
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 4727
But nothing that has been said about
this brave youth has touched me as did
the comments of his father, Jose Fer-
nandez, when he talked to a reporter
about the death of his son.
I should like to have those comments,
reproduced from the Albuquerque Jour-
nal of February 21, printed in the REC-
ORD.
The comments follow:
"I lived in fear all the time he was away
that something like this would happen," his
father said Sunday, the day of the funeral.
Mr. Fernandez said his son was very gen-
erous and always volunteering for something,
but the last thing he would want is to be
known as a hero.
"Daniel was no different than any other
American boy. We have many of them here
in Los Lunas, you have thousands in Albu-
querque and there are millions in the United
States.
"I feel that the circumstances made him
do this thing because he was a generous boy.
He liked to help others.
"From .my viewpoint, Daniel's action was
not an unusual thing for him to do", Mr.
Fernandez said.
"I feel very humble. I don't measure up
to those standards.
"I told Daniel, 'we want you home alive':
that's a parent's feeling, wanting your own
safe."
On the possibility of his son being
awarded the Congressional Medal of
Honor, Mr. Fernandez said, "What can
you say? It's overwhelming. Daniel
had too much life and too much courage."
INDIANA'S EASTER SEAL CHILD
FOR 1966
Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, this year
for the second time, Mrs. Bayh and I
have the privilege of serving as cochair-
men of the Indiana Easter Seal Cam-
paign. Through our work with the
campaign in 1965 and during the past
few weeks we have associated with and
have come to know many inspiring
handicapped children and adults.
Among them none is more noteworthy
than our Indiana Easter Seal Child for
1966, 13-year-old Kay Slickers, of Lafay-
ette, Ind., who typifies thousands of per-
sons throughout the Nation who are
working bravely to overcome their
As Indiana Easter Seal Child of 1966,
Kay has many duties. She came to
Washington to help us tape radio and
television appeals for Easter Seal contri-
butions, and she has officiated at cere-
monies in Indiana's treatment centers
for the handicapped. With a ready
smile and quick wit, Kay is a delightful
coworker as well as an inspiration - to
others who must contend with physical
handicaps.
Young Miss Slickers deserves much
credit for her courage and determina-
tion to overcome her own handicaps, her
work to aid others, and her ability to
show us all what Easter Seals can ac-
complish. It has truly been a reward-
ing pleasure and an inspiration to be
associated with this fine young Indiana
girl to whom much credit belongs for
the success of this important endeavor.
A DISSENTING VOICE FROM
VIETNAM V
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, among
the many difficulties of intervening in
the affairs of other nations-no matter
how good the cause or the intentions for
doing so-is the effect outsiders have on
indigenous people. Particularly for a
people wearied from decades of war, it is
easy to "Let George do it" and take ad-
vantage of the plentiful supply of new
money.
These are two of the reasons a young
American soldier has written, "I've never
been so disillusioned with our country as
after my experiences over here in the
past 5 months or so." In a notarized copy
of a letter he wrote to a friend, which
I hold in my hand, he also takes aim at
the game of manufacturing statistics
which satisfy Washington, but have no
relation to reality. He talks about re-
ports of officials claiming to have dis-
tributed 4 million pills and treated sev-
eral thousand villagers, when in fact
the officials had no pills or medicine
at all.
Mr. President, this letter from the field
presents a far different picture from that
given in optimistic official reports. It
deserves to be soberly considered.
I ask unanimous consent that a
notarized copy of this letter be printed
of Indianapolis, is the daughter of Mr. to protect the soldier's identity. isfy Washington. The emphasis is not on
and Mrs. Allen Slickers. Both her par- There being no objection, the letter was what are we accomplishing and what actual
ents are active in their county Easter ordered to be printed in the RECORD, progress is being made. Rather if you put
Seal Society and, along with her two as follows: down on paper that progress is being made
older brothers and younger sister, have "DEAR CHaxs: Hello from Vietnam. I'm it is sufficient. They are living in a dream
helped Kay to compensate for her handi- presently about [deleted] miles south of the world-but I'm afraid they are fooling only
caps, a congenital hip and curvature of border between North and South Vietnam themselves-and the American public: both
the spine, which she has had since birth. in a cox -pound near [deleted]. I'm here will suffer in the long run.
An extremely energetic young lady, for a few days to recon out some bridges that "I have been trying to analyze this car-
Kay has learned to walk with the help we'll have to strengthen before I can hope rupt and inefficient plan for winning the
of braces and crutches, and she exer- to get our tanks and other armor over. I war and determine just what is the basic
am newly assigned to the [deleted] Cavalry reason for our continuing failure here (we
cises constantly to strengthen her leg (Vietnamese) and will take over advising a are failing no matter what the newspapers
muscles. Kay attends junior high troop as soon as I get some of these recon and the Johnson administration says). I
school and receives treatment from the and administrative problems out of the way. think it boils down to this: We have com-
Tippecanoe County Easter Seal Society The cavalry over here uses tanks and armored mitted ourselves here in Vietnam and have
in Lafayette. fully tracked scout and support vehicles. stated that we will stay as long as is neces-
Under the firm guidance of her fam- They are fast moving and kill lots of Viet- sary and will put into this country as much
fly, Kay has assumed the normal home tongs. I went on a couple of operations as it takes to win the war. However, the
with them last week. I went out with a troop money is given to the Vietnamese Govern-
responsibilities of any 13-year-old. A that is about [deleted], because this is the ment officials to use as they see fit. Since
talented pianist, she often entertains her one I will take over in about 4 weeks. They they are spending our money and they know
close-knit family and friends. moved and shot very well and I doubt if our we will give them as much as is necessary
own cavalry could do much better than this.
However this excellent state of morale and
training of these particular troops - Is the
exception rather than the rule in the Viet-
namese Army.
"CHRIS, I've never been so disillusioned
with our country as after my experiences over
here for the past 5 months or so. For the
first time I am on the scene where the news
is being made and I realize that reporters
for the most part do not strive to present an
accurate picture of what is, taking place-
rather they write what will sell and make
them the most as far as money and reputa-
tion. Mort of the combat photos are either
posed or else they are behind the lines train-
ing photos captioned as frontline combat
photos. After havng been in combat for
the past few months I have a pretty good idea
of what can and cannot be done. When you
see a picture of a Vietcong coming out of a
cave with hands held high-you can bet it
is a posed picture. When you see a Viet-
am bullets, you can bet that photographer
ould have his [deleted] down too. What a
from the sorry [deleted] attitude of the Viet-
namese people. Especially the educated
leaders of this country are rotten, dirty, no
good thieves. They are Communist-haters
but all have fat bank accounts in foreign
banks. They deposit every month several
times their salary in these bank accounts
outside of country. In this one area-where
I was adviser to the [deleted] and also ad-
viser in psychological warfare-the U.S. Gov-
ernment (through Vietnamese channels) was
paying salaries of 338 cadres.
The cadres were supposed to be pacifying
an area five villages in size. However, there
were only about 50-60 cadres working in the
area. So this meant a group of about three
minor government officials (Vietnamese) were
stealing $4,000 per month. I reported this
but nothing was done. I'raised so much [de-
leted] about it that they transferred me out
to a straight combat unit. At the same time
his was going on, the Vietnamese reports
were very rosy and you would believe the war
was almost won. They said that we dis-
tributed some 4 million pills and treated sev-
eral thousand villagers when we had no med-
icine at all-it had disappeared before it
reached us-more than likely sold in the big
cities. They said my battalion (260 men)
killed or captured 175 Vietcong. However, I
have seen only two bodies and about eight
prisoners in all of our actions. Even ac-
counting for the ones dragged away after
they're dead by the Vietcong, I think we
killed only 20. However, we lost 50 of our
men killed, and 35 wounded and 16 captured.
I personally saw and helped carry out about
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they accept no responsibility whatsoever to
Insure that the money and supplies are used
for Its intended purpose and efficiently.
They are on the gravy train and know it
an
-d intend to stay on it. It is a paradox,
the longer the war lasts, the more money
they can steal. The more money they steal,
the longer the war will last; if the war Is
won and the United States pulls out-the
salaries of these officials would drop 100
times of what it is now. So why should they
try to end the war? They have nothing to
gain by it and plenty to lose.
"The Vietnamese people themselves-the
merchants, the farmers, etc.-do not appre-
ciate what we are trying to do for them.
The restaurants and shops have two prices,
one for the Vietnamese and one for the
American soldiers (who are dying for these
people). It costs about 16 cents for a Viet-
namese to buy a beer, 40 cents for a soldier.
i t costs 60 cents for a Vietnamese to buy a
block of ice. $2.50 for a GI. A ride on a cyci.lo
costs a Vietnamese 20 cents, the same ride
for a GI $1. I could quote these prices for-
ever. If you insist on paying the Vietnamese
(lower) price they laugh at you and refuse.
No matter how many shops you try the story
is the same. They have you over a barrel.
A e1I who spends 60 days living in a foxhole
full of mud like an animal cannot just refuse
to pay. If he is to get any relaxation on the
half day off in town. his CO has given him
he must pay the outrageous prices or do
without. Most just grit their teeth and pay.
"Another thing the Vietnamese people do
Is steal from the GI. I've had cigarettes
snatched out of the seat next to me while
driving my jeep down the street at daylight
in downtown Da Nang. I once caught the
roan who did it. The Vietnamese policeman
I took him to spoke a few words in Viet-
namese to the man and turned him loose.
lie smiled very sweetly at me and said, "Very
sorry." Yes, they are very appreciative of
what we are doing for them. The other
day a friend of mine, Capt. [deleted] was
killed in a Vietcong ambush. With him were
about 10 Vietnamese soldiers. Though [de-
leted] was killed the Vietnamese soldiers
who were with him managed to fight; off the
Vietcong. But when his body was returned
to our command post, his watch, pistol, rifle,
money, etc., was gone. Another friend of
mine went to pay a visit on the company
ana found one of our Vietnamese allies with
his pistol, another his rifle, and another with
the watch. It; was easy to tell since the rifle
Is only a type carried by U.S. personnel and
the pistol was a personal 1917 model German
F,uf;er. When T heard this I wanted to go
and kill some of them myself.. It is so
damn rotten and unbelievable. So far we've
only been able to get them to give back the
rifle. The. [deleted] Vietnamese officers are
balking in returning his things.
"Well, I was for 5 months with. a Viet-
namese infantry battalion and saw quite a
b
it of combat in our area [deleted] miles
south of Da Nang. I came very close to death
several times (earned Combat, Infantryman's
Badge and was put in for Bronze Star) .
I'm going to advise a cavalry troop just north
of [deleted The past year they had three
different advisrns. Two were killed and this
last one was wounded. Two were good
friends of mine. It makes me very angry to
see my friends killed and wounded here and
to put my own life on the line daily when
you see the Vietnamese themselves are not
trying and don't give a. damn for your efforts
and sacrifices. I see Vietnamese guys and
their wives laughing and having a good time
together. l" see many young men not in the
Vietnamese military. And. T ask myself why
I mast be on the other side of the world
from my wife, and, I wonder why I must
light; and risk death when many young Viet-
namese men do not. There is no penalty
for draft dodging and if a man deserts and
Is found by the authorities he Is only scolded
and returned to the army even if it has been
years. They are not so much as fined.
However, we are aware of the penalty for
desertion in our own Army in time of war-
death.
"I suppose it might seem that. I am feel-
ing sorry for myself and using your shoulder
to cry on and I suppose to a certain extent
this is the case. But mostly I feel like I need
to tell al; least one :person back there what Is
really happening over here. Hope I didn't
make you too angry.
"Right; now I'm in bed with dingy fever.
It is sot of like the flu, except you have
amazing dia:rhea and. sharp pains in the
muscles. I am usually sick about 2 or 3 days
per month. This country is so filthy. More
men are evacuated to the United States from
disease than for wounds. At least it is a
good way to keep slim. I've lost 45 pounds
since I left [ deleted ] a year ago. Will have
plenty of time for eating when I get back.
"I a really jealous of you, you old son of a
gun, those boys are really good-looking kids.
Boy I'll bet you're proud. I know I sure
would be if I were their father. As you
know [deleted] and I don't have any yet but
I plan an going into mass production soon
as I get back. Next time you write be sure
to send a picture of you and Betty.
"I certainly appreciate your invitation to
spend a ;-ew days with you and your family.
As you know my favorite sport is trout fish-
ing. Also I like to hunt pheasant, etc. When
I get; back from here it will be about the end
of Septernher. Will there be t iything in
season then? [Deleted] likes to fish, too.
Does Betty? Boy I sure am looking forward
to it if I can make i t. How long does it take
by auto from [de:leted]? I can already taste
the trout rolled In corn meal and cooked in
butter. And pheasant cooked a,,di.1i wine and
mushrooms. I can hardly wait. 'Nhat other
employment opportunities are the: e for a re-
tired Army [deleted]?
"What is Brooks doing and where is he?
And Don McCall and any of the others? Let
me know what everyone is doing and ad-
dresses if possible. I dropped by the [de-
leted.] house about 1 month before I came
over here. Had a nice chat wish Warren
Morris and some cookies and milk. He had a
63 Caddy and was still playing the horses.
Said Frog was getting his masters degree
somewhere.
"Well, I sure enjoyed hearing from you
and hope you write again soon. I'll write
when I can. Take good care of the family
and best of luck and happiness to you all.
"Your friend,
STATE OF D(1HO, [Dcletedl.
County of ADA, ss'
This is to certify that I have seen the
original o' this document; and that this is the
true and exact copy of the original.
Fain SHI PAL,
Notarp; Public.
Date: February :25, 196(1.
THE IMPACTED AREA SCHOOL
PROGRAM
Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I was
very gratified to ]'earn of the recent sharp
reaction of members of the Senate Ap-
propriations Committee against; admin-
istration plans to curtail drastically
funds for the impacted area school pro-
gram.
This vital program provides funds for
thousands of school districts it hich are
burdened by the attendance of children
of servicemen and other Federal employ-
ees. Since these programs we: e estab-
lished in 1950 to provide for operation
and. maintenance, teacher's sale 'ies, and
school corlstruction, they have been the
very model of cooperation between the
local school districts and the Federal
Government to provide the best possible
education for dependents of Federal
workers.
At a meeting of the Appropriations
Subcommittee on Health, Education,
and Welfare earlier this week, many
Senators expressed their determination
to fight cuts in the impacted areas pro-
grams.
The distinguished Senator from Rhode
Island [Mr. PASTORE] articulated the
position of those of us who oppose the
reduction of the impacted areas pro-
grams when he challenged the adminis-
tration's argument that funds for the
Elementary and Secondary Education
Act passed last year are a substitute for
impacted area funds.
The Senator was absolutely correct in
his statement. The philosophy behind
the impacted area program is clear.
Funds are paid to local school districts to
remove inequities resulting from the con-
cept of intergovernmental immunity.
Since local and State governments can-
not tax Federal property, and since the
local property tax is the primary source
of financing for the American schools, it
is obvious that school districts in which
the Federal Government has large hold-
ings must operate on impaired tax basis.
Further, the presence of Federal property
within the school district usually leads
to the imposition of a distinct Federal
burden on the local schools which must
provide education for the children of the
Government employees who work on the
Federal property.
There is no doubt, therefore, that the
impacted area programs were initiated
to require the Federal Government to
meet its obligation to help provide for
the education of the children of its em-
ployees. The Elementary and Socondary
Education Act, on the other hand, is de-
signed to meet totally different educa-
tion problems-especially those in lower
socioeconomic school districts.
During the recent questioning; of Sec-
retary Gardner by members of the Ap-
propriation Subcommittee, the Senator
from Colorado [Mr. ALLOTT] said the
impacted area funds "provide the bones,
blood and muscle for those needy dis-
tricts."
The Senator from Alaska [Mr. BAnT-
LETT] termed full impacted area aid "ab-
solutely essential."
I associate myself fully with the re-
marks of my colleagues on this most im-
portant subject.
Opposition is being generated in every
quarter to the proposed reduction of
more than $200 million in impacted area
aid. Educators in my State and through-
'out the Nation are virtually unanimous
in opposition to the cutback, and more
and more Members of Congress are
speaking out on the need to retain this
critical program.
The proposed reductions are not in the
best interests of American education, and
I am confident that the Congress Will
appropriate the funds needed to con-
tinue the impacted area programs at
their same level as recent years. I ani
also confident that action will be taken
to extend Public Law 815 which is set
to expire on June 30 of this year, and
that the Congress will soon add to the
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I repeat: No President and Secretary
of Defense should be allowed to exercise
such arbitrary and capricious power.
EXHIBIT 1
DESPOILERS OF DEMOCRACY CONTENTS
1. Capital Corrosion, page 1.
2. Foreign Aid or Foreign Charade, page 12.
3. Lying in State (and Defense), page 26.
4. The "Honor Code" in Practice, page 36.
5. Stockpile of Scandal, page 50.
6. Humphrey of Hanna, page 74.
7. A Texas Sunburst-Billie Sol Estes,
page 92.
8. The Lies of Texas Are Upon Us, page 105.
9. The Setting Sun, page 117.
10. The Department of (Self-) Defense,
part 1: The X-22, page 132.
11. The Department of (Self-) Defense,
part II: TFX-Billions for Texas, page 143.
12. The Department of (Self-) Defense,
part III: IBM-"I. Bob McNamara," page 156.
13. The Department of (Self-) Defense,
part IV: McNamara's "Rough Judgment,"
page 173.
14. A Generally Dynamic Lawyer-Roz Gil-
patric, page 194.
15. Talent from Texas-Fred Korth, page
211.
16. "The Floating Edse?," page 228.
17. A Bug in the State Department, page
241.
18. 'This Sordid Situation," page 255.
19. The Protege of L.B.J.-Bobby Baker,
page 267.
20. "Whispering Will," page 282.
21. Testimony During Disaster-Novem-
ber 22, 1963, page 291.
22. The L.B.J. Go., page 301.
23. The "Gross Improprieties" of Bobby
Baker, page 321.
24. Walter Jenkins, page 342.
25. Money-Man McCloskey, page 857.
26. How Much Decay? page 376.
Notes, page 387.
Appendixes, page 399.
EXHIBIT 2
MCNAMARA ADDING 30,000 IN VIETNAM, DENIES
U.S. STRAIN-10,000 MORE TROOPS ARE IN
WAR AREA, WITH 20,000 ADDITIONAL ON THE
WAY-FORCE To REACH 235,000-SECRETARY
SAYS MILITARY CAN MEET ALL COMMIT-
MENTS-DISPUTES SHORTAGE CHARGE
(By Jack Raymond)
WASHINGTON, March 2.-Secretary of De-
fense Robert S. McNamara insisted today that
the Armed Forces were not overextended or
suffering shortages but were fully capable
of meeting their commitments anywhere.
At a news conference, he disclosed that the
United States now had 215,000 military men
in South Vietnam, an increase of 10,000 over
the previous official estimate. He also said
that 20,000 additional men were on the way
to join the war against the Vietcong.
This would bring the total commitment
in South Vietnam to 235,000, not counting
the offshore forces with the 7th Fleet.
Mr. McNamara, apparently including forces
in neighboring Thailand, estimated total U.S.
military strength in southeast Asia at 300,000
men.
MORE REQUESTS EXPECTED
He said that the current reinforcements
for South Vietnam had been requested by
Gen. Wiliam C. Westmoreland, the American
commander there. He said he expected more
such requests but did not indicate what the
planned total might be.
The Defense Secretary, however, did not
dispute an observation by a questioner as
to the premise underlying recent articles
about requirements in Vietnam. This
premise was that General Westmoreland had
requested reinforcement to bring his troop
strength to 400,000 by the end of the year.
Mr. McNamara said that he had no current
requests from General Westmoreland beyond
the 20,000 he noted today. His disclosure
of the deployment of the additional troops
came 5 days after President Johnson, also
emphasizing that the general's requests were
being met, said he had no "unfilled requests"
on his desk at the moment.
TWENTY-ONE BATTALIONS AVAILABLE
It appeared that, while General Westmore-
land's requests for troops in some undis-
closed quantity were being fulfilled, these
requests were not being announced im-
mediately.
The Defense Secretary, who is known for
his unemotional management of the Penta-
gon, seemed edgy and angry at times in the
news conference.
In support of his rebuttal of allegations
concerning troop readiness, Mr. McNamara
said that 21 more trained battalions, esti-
mated at a minimum total of 147,000 men,
could be deployed to South Vietnam by
July L.
Be emphasized, however, that this asser-
tion should not be construed as it hint of
their pending deployment. He said that he
believed it would probably not be necessary
to send that many additional forces for the
fighting in Vietnam.
Mr. McNamara called the news conference
at the Pentagon on 4 hours' notice. He
explained he had been prompted by certain
articles in the press recently that he said had
given "the erroneous impression that we are
dangerously overextended" because of the
war in Vietnam.
If that were true, he said, it "would indeed
represent a serious situation, but it is not
true."
The Defense Secretary did not' identify
the articles he had in mind, but it is known
that one was by Hanson W. Baldwin, mili-
tary editor of the New York Times, which
appeared February 1.
In addition to the articles, however, a
speech by the chairman of the Senate Pre-
paredness Subcommittee, JOHN STENNIS,
Democrat, of Mississippi, has gained notice
here. Mr. STENNIS, addressing the Reserve
Officers Association last Friday night, said:
"The heavy drain of Vietnam has brought
on serious problems in personnel, equipment,
repair parts and other materials."
Mr. STENNIS' committee has also pre-
pared a report on Army readiness, much of
which has been labeled classified by the
Pentagon. Asked about it, Mr. McNamara
said he had not seen the final report but
that he was not standing in the way of the
committee's publishing any unclassified ma-
terial in it.
FINDS POSTURE IMPROVED
In advance of the news conference, Mr.
McNamara issued a 3,000-word statement,
drawn mostly from his testimony on United
States "military posture" last week before
the Senate Armed Services Committee. In
the statement he declared:
"Far from overextending ourselves, we
have actually strengthened our military pos-
ture."
After the news conference, Mr. McNamara's
aides issued a 4,000-word statement listing
23 charges of military deficiencies and giv-
ing his answers to them,
Mr. McNamara was accompanied to the
press meeting by his deputy, Cyrus R.
Vance, to whom he turned a few times for
corroboration, and by his Assistant Secretary
for Public Affairs, Arthur Sylvester.
At one point Mr. McNamara refused to
answer additional questions from one cor-
respondent. In an exchange between them,
the correspondent accused Mr. McNamara of
evading his questions.
On another occasion, the Secretary flared
up when a newsman with a foreign accent
asked a question about the readiness of
troops in Europe in view of the require-
ments in South Vietnam.
CALLS V.S. EFFORT "UNIQUE"
The Secretary demanded to know where
the questioner was from and when he heard
the answer Germany, he pointed his finger
and said that the reporter should especially
realize that the United States forces were
ready everywhere.
"I am sick and tired of hearing the im-
plication that we've drawn down the readi-
ness of forces in Europe." Mr. McNamara
said angrily.
Throughout the news conference he in-
sisted that the United States' current effort
in southeast Asia was "unique in our mili-
tary history."
"Never before has this Nation, or any
other nation, been able to place so large a
force in combat in so short a period of time
and some 10,000 miles from its shore with-
out calling up reserves, extending active
duty tours on a widespread basis and in-
volving the kinds of strict economic controls
normally associated with military emer-
gencies."
CLAIMS BACKING OF CHIEFS
Repeatedly Mr. McNamara said that his
veiws on the readiness of the American
forces were shared by the Joint Chiefs of
Staff. He said that there would obviously
be "difficulties" and that he was not con-
tending there were no shortages of any kind
anywhere. But he stressed that the total
ADDITIONAL TARGET LICENSE
OVER NORTH VIETNAM
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I
was very glad to learn this morning that
additional target license to attack
strictly military targets has now been
granted to our Air Force and Naval Air
pilots who are risking their lives daily
over North Vietnam, in their effort to
reduce the number of soldiers, and the
amount of ammunition which the Gov-
ernment of North Vietnam is moving
through Laos down the Ho Chi Minh
trails for the use of the Communist
troops; their own troops, as well as those
of the guerrilla organization which they
have set up in South Vietnam in order
to further their determination to con-
quer the people of South Vietnam. This
latter organization, organized in 1960,
the Ho Chi Minh government named
the National Liberation Front.
It is my conviction and, what is more
important, the conviction of high mili-
tary authority, especially in the Far
East theater, that this decision will re-
sult in fewer American casualties dur-
ing the weeks and months to came.
It bears out the position I took upon
returning from South Vietnam several
weeks ago; namely, that, if these hos-
tilities are to continue, we should either
move forward or move out.
TAX ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1966
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, my task today is not a pleasant one,
for I rise in support of a bill, H.R. 12752,
which will increase the tax payments of
most American taxpayers. The mem-
bers of the Finance Committee recall
with nostalgia the years 1962, 1964, and
1965, years in which they were able to
recommend significant tax reductions-
reductions which had so much to do with
the attainment of the current high levels
of employment and production. Al-
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.hough it was not a pleasant duty, there
was general support for the bill when
the committee voted to report it to the
full Senate, for we realize that additional
revenues must be raised to finance the
expenditures required by the conflict in
Vietnam.
The increase in expenditures attri-
butable to our operations in Vietnam is
responsible for this bill. When the Ex-
cise Tax Reduction Act of 1965 was be-
lore Congress last June, we could not
anticipate that the situation in Vietnam
would require the expenditure of an
added $4.7 billion in the fiscal year 1966.
Nor could we anticipate that the emer-
gency requirements of the struggle would
add $10.5 billion to Federal expenditures
in the fiscal year 1967. These sharp in-
creases have exceded the significant in-
creases in Federal revenues caused by the
-:rowth of the economy-increases in
revenues which now approach $7.5 bil-
lion a year.
AI: rF5 NATIVES TO II.R. 12752
Some Senators may ask why the in-
creased expenditures needed for Vietnam
roust; be paid for by increased tax collec-
tions. They may argue, for example,
that these expenditures could be made by
reducing expenditures for the civilian
needs of the Government. I am as much
in favor of reducing wasteful or unneces-
sary expenditures as any other Senator.
Itut the President had already trimmed
civilian budget expenditures to essential
miriimuins before he submitted the bud-
vet.
'['his is indicated by the fact that the
1.967 budget provides for an increase in
expenditures in areas not related to
Vietnam of only $600 million.
This is so despite increased interest
casts for the Federal debt and the impact
of pay raises for civilian employees and
military personnel that the Congress ap-
proved last year, and also in spite of the
fzi,ct that the Federal Reserve Board
increased the cost of carrying that Fed-
eral debt by increasing interest rates.
lie has achieved this result by offset-
ting increases in expenditures approved
by Congress and normal expenditure in-
creases under existing programs with
dramatic savings in many areas. I do
not believe that Congress will be able to
trim expenditures under this tight
budget to the extent necessary to finance
the war in Vietnam. In fact, Congress
has already approved a new GI bill
which will increase budget expenditures.
I: can only conclude that it is unreal-
istic to expect Congress to be able to
match increased Vietnam expenditures
with reductions in other areas of the
Federal budget.
Of course, we could borrow to pay for
expenditures in Vietnam. This ap-
proach, however, would encourage infla-
tion. From 1961 to mid-1965, we could
safely approve bills, such as the tax re-
duction bills, that would initially create
the need for Government borrowing be-
cause there was slack in the economy.
During those years some doubted wheth-
er the rate of unemployment in the
civilian labor force would ever again
be as low as 4 percent. Under those
circumstances, the stimulus of tax re-
ductions resulted in an increase in em-
ployment rather than an increase in
prices.
The situation is different, now. The
policies of the past several years have
achieved their objective. The slack in
the economy has been taken up. In
January the rate of unemployment in
the civilian :labor force dropped to 4
percent for the first time since 1957.
Capacity utilization figures indicate that
industry is now using almost as much of
its available plant and equipment as it
prefers to use. We have reached the
point in which sharp increases in Gov-
ernment expenditiures must be met by
increased revenues if we are to avoid the
risk of inflationary price increases.
WHAT T.HS HILL WILL A( HIEVE
Let me now turn to the bal itself. It
is desi>ned to raise revenues for both the
fiscal years 1966 and 1967. The provi-
sions of the bill increase revenues in the
current fiscal year by $1.1 billion. They
will add $4.8 billion to receipts in fiscal
year 1967 over and above the amount
that would be generated under existing
tax ra .es.
These amounts differ only slightly
from the effect of the provis ens recom-
mended by the President, which would
have increased administrative budget re-
ceipts by 151.2 billion in fiscal 1966 and
$4.8 billion in fiscal 1967.
These revenues will be sufficient to re-
duce the anticipated administrative-
budget deficit for the fiscal year 1966
from $7.6 to $6.5 billion. In the fiscal
year 1.967, the added revenues provided by
this bill will reduce the administrative-
budget deficit to $1.9 billion. In the ab-
sence of the bill, the 1967 deficit would
be $6.7 billion, or only slightly less than
the 1966 deficit.
When the revenues and e.scpenditures
of the trust funds are con: idered, the
results of this bill will be even more
significant. The consolidated rash budget
deficit anticipated for the current fiscal
year u ill be reduced from $8.1 to $7.0
billions. In the fiscal year 1907, the defi-
cit will be eliminated entirely and a small
surplus achieved as a result; of a $5.0
billion increase in cash receipts under
this bill.
The increase in tax payments required
by this bill will moderate the expendi-
tures of households and business firms.
The most important provision affecting
tax collections is one which accelerates
the transition to full current payment
of estimated corporate tax liabilities in
excess of 5100,000. Some 15,000 large
corporations are affected.
Mans of these corporations set aside
funds to meet tax liabilitif' as those
liabilities accrue, often by purchasing
tax-anticipation notes. Sonic corpora-
tions, however, will have to p istpone in-
vestment outlays or forego dvidends to
provide the cash to meet the r tax pay-
ments. Such postponements will not im-
pair economic stability, since business
expenditures for fix,ad invu iment are
currently at very high leve_s. These
levels are so high in fact that .;nime econ-
omists are concerned about the possi-
bility of a repeat of the exi!crience in
1956 and 1957.
The 1 nstponement of some gfanned in-
vestment, therefore, may well be con-
ducive to the maintenance of the proper
balance between investment in expanded
capacity and growth in the demand for
the goods produced by that capacity.
The graduated withholding procedure
contained in the bill will moderate con-
sumer expenditures. After May 1, the
amount of tax withheld from wages and
salaries will be increased by about $100
million a month during the rest of 1966
and in the first few months of 1967. The
additional amounts withheld will be off-
set as far as individual taxpayers are
concerned by lower tax payments due
in the spring of 1967 or through tax re-
funds. Some consumer spending, how-
ever, will have to be postponed during
the rest of 1966 and in the early part
of 1967.
The bill is also important to our bal-
ance of payments. It is essential to the
success of our efforts to eliminate the
persistent deficit in the U.S. balance of
payments that inflation be prevented.
Inflationary increases in the prices of
the goods the U.S. exports would dis-
courage export sales. This development
would narrow or close our favorable
trade balance. A serious outflow of gold
would be the result.
The bill will accomplish the effects I
have outlined without requiring signifi-
cant increases in tax liabilities. The
various changes in collection procedures
proposed in the bill will speed up the
collection of existing liabilities. In
other words, the timing of tax collections
will be changed so that some revenues
will be collected in fiscal year 1966 that
would not otherwise be collected until
fiscal 1967. Even larger amounts will
be collected in fiscal 1967 that would not
otherwise be collected until fiscal 1968
and later years.
The changes in collection procedures
include graduated withholding, quarterly
payments of estimated social security
taxes by the self-employed, tighter re-
quirements regarding payments on dec-
larations, and an earlier completion of
the transition to full current payment of
corporate tax liabilities in excess of
$100,000.
The excise tax provisions of the bill
will restore the tax rates on telephone
service and passenger automobiles which
were in effect at the end of 1965. The
bill simply freezes these rates for 2 years,
or until April 1, 1968. At that; time the
excise tax rates will fall to the levels
that would have been reached at that
time if the provisions of the Excise Tax
Reduction Act of 1965 remained in effect.
The revenue impact of the bill is
largely temporary in the sense that the
changes in collection procedures will
produce only a temporary increase in
revenues rather than a continuing in-
crease. Such an effect is appropriate at
this time. While there has been much
speculation about it, we do not know
what the financial requirements of the
war in Vietnam will be beyond the rela-
tively near term. Therefore, it is ap-
propriate that we should plan our taxes
at this time on the basis of the figures
in the President's budget.
As for fiscal 1968, it is important to
remember that Federal revenues will in-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 4, 1966
So much has been said, so much has
been written, so many reports have been
compiled that it was felt this step to be a
desirable undertaking.
Therefore, to that end, it suggests the
creating of such a joint committee. I
ask unanimous consent that this be
allowed to lie on the desk for the next
6 calendar days.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
concurrent resolution will be received
and appropriately referred; and, with-
out objection, the concurrent resolution
will lie on the desk, as requested by the
Senator from Illinois.
The concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res.
78) was referred to the Committee on
Labor and Public Welfare, as follows:
S. CON. RES. 78
Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep-
resentatives concurring, That there is hereby
established a Joint Committee on the Eco-
nomic Opportunity Act of 1964 (hereinafter
referred to as the committee) to be composed
of six Members of the Senate (not more than
three of whom shall be members of the ma-
jority party) to be appointed by the Presi-
dent of the Senate, and six Members of the
House of Representatives (not more than
three of whom shall be members of the ma-
jority party) to be appointed by the Speaker
of the House of Representatives. The com-
mittee shall select a chairman and a vice
ohairman from among its members. A ma-
jority of the members of the committee shall
constitute a quorum thereof for the trans-
action of business, except that the committee
may fix a lesser number as a quorum for the
purpose of taking sworn temtimony.
SEC. 2. (a) The committee shall make a full
and complete study and investigation of the
administration of the Economic Opportunity
Act of 1964.
(b) On or before August 1, 1986, the com-
mittee shall submit to the Senate and the
House a report of its study and investigation
together with its recommendations for any
amendments to the Economic Opportunity
Act for 1964 or any other action which it con-
siders to be necessary or desirable. Thirty
days after making such report the commit-
tee shall cease to exist.
SEC. 3. (a) The committee, or any duly
authorized subcommittee thereof, is author-
ized to sit and act at such places and times
during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned
periods of the Eighty-ninth Congress, to re-
quire by subpena or otherwise the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such
books,`papers, and documents, to administer
such oaths, to take such testimony, to pro-
cure such printing and binding, and to make
such expenditures, as it deems advisable.
(b) The committee is empowered to ap-
point and fix the compensation of such
experts, consultants, technicians, and cler-
ical and stenographic assistants as it deems
necessary and advisable.
(c) With the prior consent of the depart-
ment or agency concerned, the committee
may (1) utilize the services, information, and
facilities of the General Accounting Office or
any department or agency in the executive
branch of the Government, and (2) employ
on a reimbursable basis or otherwise the
services of such personnel of any such de-
partment or agency as it deems advisable.
With the consent of any other committee of
the Senate or the House, or any subcommittee
thereof, the committee may utilize the fa-
cilities and the services of the staff of such
other committee or subcommittee whenever
the chairman of the committee provided
for, herein determines that such action is
necessary and appropriate.
(d) Subpenas may be issued by the com-
mittee over the signature of the chairman or
any other member designated by him, and
may be served by any person designated by
such chairman or member. The chairman
of the committee or any member thereof may
administer oaths to witnesses.
(e) The expenses of the committee, which
shall not exceed $400,000.00 shall be paid
from the contingent fund of the Senate upon
vouchers signed by the chairman.
LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT-
AUTHORITY TO FILE INDIVIDUAL
VIEWS
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, on
September 8, last year, the Committee
on the Judiciary ordered reported, the
joint resolution on legislative reappor-
tionment. The intervening time was
provided for preparation and filing of
minority reports. They have all been
filed.
On Wednesday of this week, the com-
mittee then took further action to send
all of these reports to the Senate.
I ask unanimous consent that members
of the Committee on the Judiciary be
authorized to file individual views on
Senate Joint Resolution 103, commonly
referred to as the reapportionment
amendment.
.All this has been fully agreed to on
both sides of the aisle.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered. I
AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSIST-
ANCE ACT OF 1961, AS AMENDED-
AMENDMENT
AMENDMENT NO. 497
Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts
submitted an amendment, intended to
be proposed by him, to the bill (H.R.
12169) to amend the Foreign Assiht-
ance Act of 1961, as amende wfaich
was ordered to lie on the tabl! akiMo be
AMENDMENT TO THE VIETNAM
SUPPLEMENTARY ASSISTANCE ACT
AMENDMENT NO. 498
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I may be per-
mitted to proceed for an additional 3
minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request of the Senator
from South Dakota? The Chair hears
none, and it is so ordered.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, on
Tuesday, the Senate passed by an over-
whelming margin a supplemental mili-
tary authorization bill for Vietnam. A
number of us in the Senate voted for
that measure only after making it clear
that we were opposed to many of the
policies that our Government has fol-
lowed in recent years which have in-
volved us so deeply in the Vietnamese
war. As I said on Tuesday before the
vote on the military authorization bill:
My vote reflects my conviction that we
must protect men we have sent into battle
no matter how we might question the policy
that sent, them to that battlefield.
I did consider joining with a number
of like-minded Senators in offering an
amendment that would make it clear that
the vote for military equipment should
not be interpreted as an endorsement of
past policy or future policy in the Viet-
namese hostilities but simply an effort
to protect our soldiers. I was persuaded
not to offer such a resolution when the
chairman of the Armed Service Com-
mittee, the Senator from Georgia [Mr.
RUSSELL], who presented the bill on the
floor, stated unequivocally that the bill
"could not properly be considered as
determining foreign policy, as ratifying
decisions made in the past, or as endors-
ing new commitments."
The Senator from Georgia [Mr. Rus-
SELL] further said:
Under the division of legislative labor that
Congress has prescribed for itself, the Senate
Committee on Foreign Relations and the
House Committee on Foreign Affairs are
the instrumentalities specializing in foreign
relations. Accordingly, I think it is impor-
tant to emphasize that it would be inap-
propriate for this-Armed Services Commit-
tee-authorization to be used as a poll of
congressional opinion on whether our foreign
policy is sound.
Mr. President, because of these con-
siderations, I decided that the appro-
priate place to offer an amendment to
legislation affecting our Vietnam involve-
ment would be on the assistance legisla-
tion now pending before the Senate
Committee on Foreign Relations. I have
drafted an amendment which I think
makes clear that Members of the Senate
who vote to sustain our men and our
assistance programs in Vietnam do not
necessarily indicate by such votes that
they approve of the policies that have
involved us in hostilities in southeast
Asia. I believe that a considerable num-
ber of Senators have grave misgivings
about past decisions with reference to
Vietnam and that such Senators are
deeply concerned less this limited war
take on dangerously enlarged pro-
portions.
I strongly believe that the most urgent
task in the U.S. foreign policy field today
is to find an honorable way for ending
the war in Vietnam on terms and improv-
ing relations between our country and
the people of Asia in general. I believe
that is the goal of our President and that
he is courageously resisting pressures
from those who would push our forces
into a major conflict.
Mr. President, toward that end, I offer
an amendment to, 4 be bill authorizing
additional economic assistance for Viet-
nam, H.R. 12169, and send the amend-
ment to the desk and ask that it be print-
ed and referred to the Committee on For-
eign Relations.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be received, printed, and
appropriately referred.
The amendment (No. 498) was re-
ferred to the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I
also ask unanimous consent to have the
amendment printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the amend-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows ;
At the end of the bill add the following
new section:
"SEC. 4. (a) The Congress hereby declares
that its action in authorizing the additional
assistance for Vietnam provided by this
Act-
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March 4, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD - SENATE
against avoidable loss and the protection of
producers, processors, and consumers against
avoidable disruption of their usual markets.
A copy of the disposal plan, which provides
additional Information concerning the pro-
posed disposition, is enclosed.
GSA recommends prompt and favorable
consideration of this draft bill.
The enactment of the bill would not re-
quire the expenditure of additional Federal
is unds.
The Bureau of the Budget has advised that
there is no objection to the submission of
the proposed legislation to the Congress and
that its enactment would be in accord with
the program of the President.
Sincerely yours,
I iwsoN B. KNOTT. Jr.,
Administrator.
:1. 3025. A bill to authorize the disposal of
muscovite mica from the national stockpile
and the supplemental stockpile.
The letter accompanying Senate bill
3025 is as follows:
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,
Washington, D.C., January 19, 1966.
lion. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY,
President of the Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: There is forwarded
herewith a draft bill to authorize the dis-
posal of muscovite mica from the national
stockpile and the supplemental stockpile.
This proposal is a part of the legislative
program of the General Services Administra-
tion. for 1966.
't'he proposed bill would authorize the dis-
posal of approximately 6,772,000 pounds of
muscovite block mica, approximately 528,000
pounds of muscovite film mica, and approxi-
rnntely 22,666,000 pounds of muscovite mica
splittings from the national stockpile estab-
lished pursuant to the Strategic and Critical
Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98--98h),
and the supplemental stockpile established
pursuant to section 104(b) of the Agricul-
toral Trade Development and Assistance Act
of 1954, as amended. (7 U.S.C. 1704(b) ). The
Director of the Office of Emergency Planning
has determined that these quantities are
excess to stockpile needs.
in addition to providing the approval by
the Congress of the proposed disposition, the
bill would waive the procedural requirements
of section 3 of the Stock Piling Act, 50 U.S.C.
98b, with respect to publication and trans-
Inittal of notice and the 6-month waiting
period. The bill would, however, preserve
the substantive requirements of section 3
with respect to the protection of the United
States against avoidable loss and the protec-
tion of producers, processors, and consumers
against avoidable disruption of their usual
m,+rkets.
A copy of the disposal plan, which provides
additional information concerning the pro-
posed disposition, is enclosed.
4ISA recommends prompt and favorable
consideration of this draft bill.
The enactment of the bill would not re-
quire the expenditure of additional Federal
funds.
't'he Bureau or the budget has advised that
there is no objection to the submission of
the proposed legislation to the Congress and
that its enactment would be in accord with
the program of the President.
Sincerely yours,
L:AWSON B. KNOTT, Jr.,
Administrator.
S. 3026. A bill to authorize the disposal of
phlogopite mica from the national stockpile
and the supplemental stockpile.
The letter accompanying Senate bill
3026 is as follows:
GENERAL SERVICEs ADMINISTRATION,
Washington, D.C., January 19, 1966.
Hon. HUBERT H HUMPHREY,
President of the Senate?
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: There is forwarded
herewith a drift bill to authorize the dis-
posal of phlogopite mica from the national
stockpile and ,he supplemental stockpile.
This proposal is a part of the legislative
program of the General Services Administra-
tion for 1966.
The proposed bill would authorize the dis-
posal of apprc ximately 3,765,000 pounds of
phlogopite mica splittings and. approximately
205,640 pounds or phlogopite block mica now
held in the national stockpile established
pursuant to the Strategic and Critical Ma-
terial Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 9898h)
and the supplemental stockpile estab,ished
pursuant to section 104(b) of the Agricul-
tural Trade Development and Assistance Act
of 1954, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1704(b)) . The
Director of the Office of Emergency Planning
has determined that these quantities are ex-
cess to stockpile needs.
In addition to providing the approcnl by
the Congress of the proposed disposition,
the bill would waive the procedural require-
ments of section 3 of the Stock Piling Act,
50 U.S.C. 98b, with :respect to publication and
transmittal of notice and the 6-month wait-
ing period. Tee bill would, however, preserve
the substantive requirement:; of section 3
with respect to the protection of the Lhrited
States against avoidable loss and the protec-
tion of producers, processors, and consumers
against avoidable disruption. of their usual
markets.
A copy of the disposal plan, which pn sides
additional information concerning the pro-
posed disposition, :Is enclosed.
GSA :recommends prompt and favorable
consideration df this draft bill.
The enactment of the bill would not re-
quire the expenditure of additional Federal
funds.
The Bureau of the Budget has advised that
there is no objection to the submission of
the proposed legislation 'to the Congress and
that its enactment would be in accorc with
the program of the President,
Sincerely yours,
LAwsoN B. KNOTT, Jr.
Administrator.
S. 3027. A bill to authorize the disposal of
molybdenum from the national stockpile.
The letter accompanying Senator bill
3027 is as follows:
GENERAL SERVICES ADamIIN I,STRATION,
Washin.gtorc, D.C.,. January 19,1 )66.
Hon. HUBERT B. HUMPHREY,
President of the Senate,
Washington. L-C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: There is forwarded
'herewith a drift bill to authorize the dis-
posal of molybdenum from the national
stockpile.
This proposes is a part of the legislative
program. of the General Services Administra-
tion for 1966.
The proposed mill would authorize the dis-
posal of approximately 1,034,300 pounds of
molybdenum from the national stockpile.
The Director of the Office of Emergency Plan-
rung has determined that this quantity is
excess to stockpile needs.
In addition to providing the approval by
the Congress of the proposed disposition, the
bill Would waive the procedural requirements
of section 3 of the Strategic and Critice I Ma-
terials Stock Piling Act, 50 U.S.C. 98b, with
respect to publication and transmittal of no-
tice and the 6-month waiting period. The
bill would, however, preserve the substantive
requirements of section 3 with respect to the
protection of the United States against
avoidable loss and the protection of pro-
ducers, processors, and consumers against
avoidable disruption of their usual. markets.
A copy of the disposal plan, which provides
additional information concerning the pro-
posed disposition, is enclosed.
GSA recommends prompt and favorable
consideration of this draft bill.
The enactment of the bill would not re-
quire the expenditure of additional Federal
funds.
The Bureau of the Budget has advised that
there is no objection to the submission of
the proposed bill to the Congress and that its
enactment would be in accord with the pro-
gram of the President.
Sincerely yours,
LAWSON B. KNOTT, Jr.,
Administrator.
S. 3028. A bill to authorize the disposal of
crude silicon carbide from the national stock-
pile and the supplemental stockpile.
The letter accompanying Senate bill
3028 is as follows:
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,
Washington, D.C., January .19, 1966.
Hon. HUBERT H. HUMPI{REY,
President of the Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: There is forwarded
herewith a draft bill "To authorize the dis-
posal of crude silicon carbide from the na-
tional stockpile and the supplemental stock-
pile."
This proposal is a part of the legislative
program of the General Services Administra-
tion for 1966.
The proposed bill would authorize the dis-
posal of approximately 166,500 short tons of
crude silicon carbide from the national stock-
pile and the supplemental stockpile. The
Director of the Office of Emergency Planning
has determined that this quantity is excess
to stockpile needs.
In addition to providing the approval by
the Congress of the proposed disposition, the
bill would waive the procedural requirements
of section 3 of the Stock Piling Act, 50 U.S.C.
98b, with respect to publication and trans-
mittal of notice and the 6-month waiting
period. The bill would, however, preserve
the substantive requirements of section 3
with respect to the protection of the United
States against avoidable loss and the protec-
tion of producers, processors, and consumers
against avoidable disruption of their usual
markets.
A copy of the disposal plan, which provides
additional information concerning the pro-
posed disposition, is enclosed.
GSA recommends prompt and favorable
consideration of this draft bill.
The enactment of the bill would not re-
quire the expenditure of additional Federal
funds.
The Bureau of the Budget has advised that
there is no objection to the submission of ,
the proposed legislation to the Congress and
that its enactment would be in accord with
the program of the President.
Sincerely yours,
LAwsoN B. KNOTT, Jr.,
Administrator.
JOINT COMMITTEE TO INVESTI-
GATE THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY AND THE SO-
CALLED ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAM
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I sub-
mit, for appropriate reference, a con-
current resolution to create a joint com-
mittee for the investigation of the Office
of Economic Opportunity and the so-
called antipoverty program.
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"(1) shall not be construed as a ratifica-
tion of any policy decision heretofore made
with respect to hostilities in Vietnam, or
as an endorsement of any future commit-
ment with respect to such hostilities; and
"(2) is taken with the hope that such
additional assistance will contribute to an
early cessation, rather than a widening, of
such hostilities.
"(b) Recognizing the desire of the Presi-
dent to limit the scope of hostilities and to
reach an honorable settlement of the con-
flict and cognizant of the desirability of im-
proved relations between the people of the
United States and the people of Asia, it is
the sense of the Congress that United States
foreign policy in Asia should seek to mini-
mize the risks of military involvement and
to promote orderly economic and social de-
velopment."
On February 28, 1966, the Washington
Post published an excellent editorial per-
taining to the proposed Redwood Na-
tional Park in northern California. The
editorial questions the adequacy of S.
2962 and points out the park value of
the Redwood Creek area which would be
incorporated within the proposed Red-
wood National Park under amendment
No. 487 to S. 2962. I introduced amend-
ment No. 487 on February 23, along with
15 cosponsors. The cosponsors of the
amendment are listed on page 3674 of
the February 23, 1966, CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD and now have been augmented
by the Senator from Alaska [Mr. BART-
LETT], the Senator from Texas [Mr.
YARBOROUGH], and the Senator from New
Jersey [Mr. HARRISON WILLIAMS].
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to insert in the RECORD the Wash-
ington Post editorial and also the Feb-
ruary 26 letter to Members of the Senate
from William F. Ragan, counsel for the
Stimson Lumber Co., which operates in
the area which would be included in the
Redwood National Park under the pro-
posed S. 2962.
There being no objection, the editorial
and letter were ordered to be printed in
the RECORD; as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Feb. 28,
1966]
LOSING THE REDWOODS
4695
Creek would be the center of a national park
ranking with the finest in the world. If
only 1,400 acres of this wonderland are pre-
served, it will be but a token of a heritage
that has been lost.
Especially ironical is the fact that the
very magnificence of this area may spell its
doom. Land prices in the redwood country
are reckoned on the basis of the board feet
of standing timber per acre. The larger the
trees, the larger the potential harvest. So
some of this land has been seling for more
than $5,000 per acre. Conservation of 40,000
acres at that price would mean an outlay
of $200 million. Undoubtedly this is one
reason why the administration turned to the
Mill Creek watershed where the land is
somewhat less expensive.
But can the country afford to let this
unique and irreplaceable recreation area be
mutilated because the cost is high? If the
President's plan is to be carried out, the
least that can be done, in our view, is to
expand the proposed tall-tree enclave into
a park of manageable size. Congress needs
to consider not only the cost of this rescue
operation but also the greater cost of not
doing it.
ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS OF
BILLS, JOINT RESOLUTION, AND
AMENDMENT
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, at
its next printing, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the name of my colleague, the
junior Senator from Maryland [Mr.
TYDINGS] be added as a cosponsor of the
bill (S. 2987) to provide a program of
pollution control and abatement in se-
lected river basins of the United States
through comprehensive planning and
financial assistance, to amend the Fed-
eral Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended, and for other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, al-
though yesterday was the last day set
aside for cosponsors for the special
school milk bill, S. 2921, I ask unanimous
consent that the names of the Senator
from Nevada [Mr. CANNON] the Senator
from Nebraska [Mr. HRUSKA] be added
as cosponsors.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that my name be
added as a cosponsor of S. 2962, a bill
relating to the Redwood National Park
introduced by the distinguished Senator
from California [Mr. KTCHEL].
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, I am
not completely in favor of this bill. I
have submitted an amendment, No. 487,
to enlarge the park, but I want to applaud
and commend the distinguished Senator
from California for introducing the ad-
ministration's bill, a bill supported by
President Johnson and the Secretary of
the Interior.
I would rather have half a loaf than
nothing at all. If my amendment fails,
I intend to support the bill introduced
by the Senator from California.
When the matter comes up for discus-
sion in the committee, the Senator and
I both being on the committee, we will
try to work out some reasonable settle-
ment, but I wanted to indicate my ap-
proval of the action of the Secretary of
the Interior in sending the bill to Con-
gress and the action of the Senator from
California in introducing the bill. I
would add my name as a cosponsor of it,
reserving the right to call my amend-
ment up.
RAGAN & MASON,
Washington, D.C., February 26, 1966.
We are writing this letter to you as coun-
sel for the Stimson Lumber Co., owners of
the Miller Lumber Co. located in Del Norte
County, Calif.
It is the purpose of this letter to request,
for the reasons set forth below, that you
withhold your support of S. 2962, a proposal
for the establishment of a Redwood Park
in northern California, until the matter has
been fully aired.
The Redwood Park, as proposed by the
administration, would be located in Del Norte
County and would destroy the single indus-
try in the county, namely the lumber in-
dustry. We ask you merely at this time to
withhold your support of the administra-
tion's proposal until the facts have been
fully considered. We sincerely feel that the
hearings and other disclosures will indicate
to you that the location of this park in Del
Norte County would be a serious mistake.
We feel this way for the following reasons:
1. Del Norte County is already a depressed
area with a 4.6-percent unemployment ratio.
It is accepted that the establishment of the
park will increase this unemployment ratio
to over 11 percent.
2. There are already two State parks in
the county which are now indicating a de-
cline in visitors.
3. The establishment of the park cannot
displace the economic chaos that will be
caused by the destruction of the sole indus-
try in the area.
4. Until November 22, 1965, and for the
previous 3 to 4 years the administration and
the Department of Interior considered Del
Norte County to be an undesirable location
for the park and preferred the park to be
in that area presently considered in the bill
introduced by Senator METCALF as amend-
ment No. 487 to S. 2962, which area is within
reasonable distance to the population cen-
ters of the State of California, an area inci-
dentally which must be passed through in
order to reach Del Norte County.
Without any logical reason disclosed to
date, on November 22, 1965, the Department
of Interior reversed itself and decided the
park should be located in the Del Norte
County area.
5. The administration's bill was intro-
duced on February 23, 1966. Yet, the Depart-
ment of Interior in December 1985 hired
Arthur D. Little & Co. to do a study as to
the economic plausibility and feasibility of
establishing a park in Del Norte County.
The study is not scheduled for completion
until the end of March 1966. It is incon-
ceivable that the administration would in-
The enthusiasm generated by President
Johnson's forthright endorsement of a Red-
wood National Park in northern California
is dampened by examination of the details
of his proposal. Critics offer two major
complaints. Many conservationists, includ-
ing David Brewer, executive director of the
Sierra Club, think that the proposed park
is located in the wrong place. The other
widespread complaint is that it would not be
big enough to accomplish the purpose of sav-
ing a reasonable portion of the virgin red-
woods endangered by the lumbermen's saws.
What the President has recommended is
a linking together of the Jedediah Smith
and Del Norte State Parks near Crescent
City, with a substantial expansion of the
area to include the Mill Creek watershed.
The park would also take in an attractive
coastal strip running as far south as the
Klamath River. Its total area would be
about 43,600 acres, including some 13,000
acres in the existing State parks. Much of,
the new land to be added is no longer cov-
ered with virgin redwoods.
Under the plan originally favored by the
National Park Service and many conserva-
tion groups, part of this area would have
been saved under a grants-in-aid system.
The Redwood National Park would have been
located about 26 miles farther south by link-
ing the existing Prairie Creek State Park to a
superb area of virgin growth on the Redwood
Creek watershed. Within this 53,600-acre
area are the tallest, second tallest, and sixth
tallest trees in the world.
Acceptance of the original plan would give
the country two magnificent redwood parks
with the possibility of a scenic linkage along
the ocean front. It would also have the ad-
vantage of saving a much larger number of
the incomparable sequoia senzpervirens, some
of which are 2,200 years old. The admin-
istration plan makes one concession to the
experts' preference for the Redwood Creek
area. About 1,400 acres would be acquired
so as to save the tallest trees, and this would
become a separate unit of the national park.
Herein lies the chief disappointment. Un-
der the original proposal the tall-trees sec-
tion and the charming valley of Redwood
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORI3 - SENATE March 4, 1966
troduce the bill before they had the results
of a study for which they are paying and
which we fully expect to be negative.
6. As was noted by Senator METCALF, vir-
tually all Interested groups, running from
the Sierra Club to the lumbermen's indus-
try groups do not favor the park in Del
Norte County.
7. The administration has Indicated the
park in Del Norte County would cost approx-
imately $45 to $55 million. An evaluation
by outside objective sources for the privately
owned land alone has been placed between
$70 and $100 million.
8. It Is beyond understanding why the
administration would pick admittedly the
most undesirable site for the park at a cost
of what must exceed over $100 million when,
in the very same budget, the funds for milk
for schoolchildren have been cut by $79 mil-
lion, the entire defense educational pro-
gram has been deleted, and the assistance
to impacted areas has been cut by 50 percent.
For these reasons we most respectfully re-
quest that until the matter is fully aired in
hearings and otherwise, you withhold your
final determination on the administration's
proposal.
For your information, enclosed herewith
is a copy of an editorial from the New York
Times of February 24, 1966, which substan-
tiates what has been stated above.
Very truly yours,
RAGAN & MASON,
WILLIAM F. RAGAN.
Mr. KUCHEL. I thank the Senator
for his comments.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the names of
Senators BYRD, of Virginia, HICKEN-?
I.ooPER, and SCOTT be added as cosponsors
of the joint resolution (S.J. Res. 130) to
establish May 8-14, 1966, as National
School Safety Patrol Week.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without;
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MFTCALF. Mr. President, I ask:
unanimous consent that at the next
printing of amendment No. 487 to Senate
bill 2962 the names of the Senator from.
Alaska I. Mr. BARTLETT], the Senator from,
Texas I Mr. YARBOROUGH], and the Sena-
tor from New .Jersey [Mr. WILLIAMS] be
added as cosponsors.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS OF
BILLS
Under authority of the orders of the
Senate, as indicated below, the follow-
ing names have been added as addi-
tional cosponsors for the following bills:
Authority of February 10, 1966:
S. 2921. A bill to provide a special milk pro-
grain for children: Mr. AIKEN, Mr. ALLOTT,
Mr. IBARTLETT, Mr. BASS, Mr. BIBLE, Mr. BOGGS,
Mr. BREwsTER. Mr. BURDICK. Mr. BYRD of West
Virginia, Mr. CARLSON, Mr. CHURCH, Mr.
CLARK, Mr. COOPER, Mr. COTTON, Mr. CURTIS,
Mr. DoMINICx. Mr. DOUGLAS, Mr. EASTLAND,
Mr. Foxe, Mr. GRUENrNG, Mr. HARRIS, Mr.
TART. Mr. HRUSxA, Mr. INOUYE, Mr. JACKSON,
Mr. JAVITS, Mr. JORDAN of Idaho, Mr. KENNEDY,
of Massachusetts, Mr. KENNEDY of New York,
.Mr. LONG of Missouri, Mr. MAGNUSON, Mr.
MCCARTHY, M.r. MCGEE, Mr. MCINTYRE, Mr.
METCALF, Mr. MILLER, Mr. MONDAI.E, Mr. MoN-
ILONEY, Mr. MONTOYA, Mr. MORSE, Mr. Moss,
Mr. MUNDT, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. NELSON, Mrs.
NEIJBERGER, Mr. PEARSON, Mr. PROUTY, Mr.
RANDOLPH, Mr. RUSSELL, of South Carolina,
Mr. SCOTT, Mr. SIMPSo:E, Mr. SMATCIERS, Mr.
SPARKMAN, Mr. SYMINGTON, Mr. TAI.MADGE,
Mr. THURMOND, Mr. TOWER. Mr. Young of
North Dakota, and Mr. YOUNG of Ohio.
Authority of February 23, 1966:
S. 2962. A bill to authorize the estab-
lishment of the Redwood National Park in
the State of California, to provide economic
assistance to local governmental bodies af-
fected thereby, and for other purposes: Mr.
ANDERSON, M:.". CHURCH, Mr. COOPER, Mr.
JAvrrs, Mr. K:ENN:EDY of Massachusetts, Mr.
LONG of Missouri, Mr. McGovERN, Mr. Moss,
and Mr. SCOTT.
HEARINGS ON CHINA POLICY
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
wish to anounce that the Committee on
Foreign Relations will begin hearings on
U.S. pohcy with respect to mainland
China. The hearings will be open and
are expected to continue for several
weeks.
The first witness will be Prof. Doak
Barnett, professor of government and
member of the faculty of the East Asian
Institute at Columbia University, New
York City. The hearing will be held in
room. 4221, New Senate Office Building,
at 10 a.m. on Tuesday, March 8.
The second hearing in this series will
be with P;:-of. John K. Fairbank, professor
of history and director of the East Asian
Research Center at Harvard University.
This hearing will be held at 10 a.m. on
Thursday, March 10, in room 42211.
ANNOUNCEMENT OF HEARINGS ON
ATLANTIC UNION RESOLUTIONS
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, as
chairman of the Subcommittee on Inter-
national Organization Affairs, 1. wish to
announce that the subcommittee has
scheduled hearings on March 23 and 24
on related Atlantic Union resolutions. I
ask unanimous consent that a press re-
lease of this announcement be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the an-
nouncement was ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows :
U.S. SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN
RELATIONS
Senator FRANK CHURCH, Democrat, of
Idaho, chairman of the Subcommittee on
International Organization Affairs, today
announced plans to hold Public hearings on
related Atlantis Union resolutions pending
before the corr..mittee on Foreign Relations,
on March 23 and 24, 1966.
These resolutions are Senate Resolution
128, introduced by Senator CHURCH for him-
self and Senators CARLSON, CASE, CLARK,
COOPER, Done, and :MCCARTHY), which would
establish a Commission for a Stronger At-
lantic Union; and Senate Concurrent Resolu-
tion 64, introduced by Senator MCCARTHY
(for himself and Senators CARLSON. METCALF,
BARTLETT, BASS, DODD, FANNIN, FOND. GRUEN-
ING, HARTKE:, INOUYE, JAVITS, LAUSCIIE, MOSS,
PROUTY, PELL, and WILLIAMS of New Jersey),
which world establish an Atlantic Union
delegation. `
Members of the subcommittee in addition
to Senator CirnRCH are Senators CLAa:K, CARL-
SON, WILLIAMS of Delaware, and CASE.
All persons wishing to testify on these res-
olutions are requested to communicate with
the chief clerk of the Committee on For-
eign Relations, Mr. Arthur M. :Kuhl. as soon
as possible.
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, even
while our attention of recent days has
been focused very much on the situation
across, the Pacific, witnesses before the
Committee on Foreign Relations have
reminded us of the importance of Europe
and of the need to reexamine our com-
mitments there. With the approaching
opportunity in 1966 for members to de-
nounce the North Atlantic Treaty, it is
important that the concept and organi-
zation of the Atlantic community be
studied at the highest level.
It is my hope that the hearings which
I have just announced will bring forth
the best testimony possible on our rela-
tionship to the Atlantic community.
ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTI-
CLES, ETC., PRINTED IN THE
APPENDIX
On request, and by unanimous con-
sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc.,
were ordered to be printed in the Ap-
pendix, as follows:
By Mr. KUCHEL:
Address entitled "DeMolay: Character
Builder," delivered by Barney W. Collins
on occasion of his election as Imperial Poten-
tate, A.A.O.N.M.S., July 16, 1965, Washing-
ton-Hilton Hotel.
By Mr. ANDERSON:
Article entitled "Henry Agard Wallace,"
published by Corn Industries Research Foun-
dation, November--December 1965.
By Mr. CHURCH:
Article entitled "Idaho: Good Place To
Build, Commerce, Development Department
Tells Rest of Nation," published in the Idaho
Falls Post-Register, February 25, 1966.
By Mr. MUNDT:
Original oratory entitled "Continuance of
Small Centers a Contribution to Preserva,.-
tion of American Democracy," written by
William Poppen, De Smet, S. Dale., junior at
Huron College, and presented at the Univer-
sity of Omaha intercollegiate forensic
tournament.
WAR ON HUNGER
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, Mr.
Herschel Newsom., master of the National
Grange and president of the Interna-
tional Federation of Agricultural Produc-
ers, made a statement this morning be-
fore the Committee on Agriculture and
Forestry on the problems of world hun-
ger and appropriate U.S. response.
Since Mr. Newsom is one of the Na-
tion's most respected agricultural spokes-
men, I ask unanimous consent to have
the statement printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
FOOD FOR FREEDOM
(By Herschel D. Newsom, master of the
National Grange, president of the Inter-
national Federation of Agricultural Pro-
ducers, before the Committee on Agri-
culture and Forestry of the U.S. Senate,
Mar. 4, 1966)
It is a privilege to appear before this dis-
tinguished committee as master of the Na-
tional Grange and as president of the In-
ternational Federation of Agricultural Pro-
ducers.
Both of these important organizations have
a record of concern for the developing pro-
grams in the field of world food needs, in-
ternational trade, and agricultural develop-
ment.
I will indicate at the proper time in my
testimony where and how the program of the
International Federation of Agricultural Pro-
ducers relates to the legislation before this
committee.
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4688 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
tem- By Mr. PRO.XMIRE, from the Committee The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
The pore. Without ACTING objection, PRESIDENT the pro nomina- on Banking and currency, with amendments: pore. The report will be received and
5.2729. A bill to amend section 4(c) of printed.
tion is confirmed. the Small Business Act (Rept. No. 1057).
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
The legislative clerk proceeded to read
sundry nominations in the Department
of Justice.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the nomi-
nations be considered en bloc.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, the nomina-
tions are considered and confirmed en
bloc.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Presi-
dent be immediately notified of the con-
firmation of these nominations.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, the President
will be notified forthwith.
REPORT ENTITLED "THE FEDERAL
JUDICIAL SYSTEM"-REPORT OF
A COMMITTEE (S. REPT. NO. 1050)
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, on be-
half of the Senator from Maryland [Mr.
TYDINGS], from the Committee on the
Judiciary, I ask unanimous consent to
submit a report entitled "The Federal
Judicial System," pursuant to Senate Re-
solution 45, 89th Congress, and ask that
it be printed.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The report will be received and
printed.
REPORT ENTITLED "TRADING WITH
THE ENEMY ACT"-REPORT OF A
COMMITTEE (S. REPT. NO. 1051)
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, on be-
half of the Senator from Arkansas [Mr.
MCCLELLAN], from the Committee on the
Judiciary, I ask unanimous consent to
submit the annual report on the Trading
With the Enemy Act and War Claims
Act of 1948, pursuant to Senate Resolu-
tion 51, 89th Congress.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The report will be received and
printed.
AMENDMENT OF COAL MINE SAFETY
ACT REPORT OF A COMMITTEE-
INDIVIDUAL VIEWS (S. REPT. NO.
1055)
Mr. McNAMARA. Mr. President, on
behalf of the Senator from Oregon [Mr.
MORSE], from the Committee on Labor
and Public Welfare, I report favorably
without amendment, the bill (H.R. 3584)
to amend the Federal Coal Mine Safety
Act so as to provide further for the pre-
vention of accidents in coal mines, and
I submit a report thereon, together with
individual views. I ask that the report
be printed, with individual views. I ask
unanimous consent that the individual
views may be filed any time before mid-
night tonight.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The report will be received, and
the bill will be placed on the calendar;
and, without objection, the report will
be printed, as requested by the Sena-
tor from Michigan.
LEGISLATIVE SESSION
On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by
unanimous consent, the Senate resumed
the consideration of legislative business.
REPORT OF U.S. ADVISORY COM-
MISSION ON INFORMATION
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore laid before the Senate a letter from
the Chairman, U.S. Advisory Commis-
sion on Information, Washington, D.C.,
transmitting, pursuant to law, a report
of that Commission, dated February 1966,
which, with the accompanying report,
was referred to the Committee on For-
eign Relations.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
The following reports of committees
were submitted:
By Mr. FULBRIGHT, from the Commit-
tee on Foreign Relations, without amend-
ment:
S. 2540. A bill to authorize the conclusion
of an agreement for the joint construction
by the United States and Mexico of an inter-
national flood control project for the Ti-
juana River in accordance with the provi-
sions of the treaty of February 3, 1944, with
Mexico, and for other purposes (Rept. No.
1049) ; and
S. Con. Res. 71. Concurrent resolution to
approve selecting of the U.S. Olympic Com-
mittee and to support its recommendations
that the State of Utah be designated as the
site for the 1972 winter Olympic games (Rept.
No. 1059).
By Mr. SCOTT, from the Committee on
the Judiciary, without 'amendment:
S.2266. A bill to authorize the Attorney
General to transfer to the Smithsonian In-
stitution title to certain objects of art (Rept.
No. 1048).
Mr. DIRKSEN subsequently said: Mr.
President, I ask unanimous consent that
the names of the Senator from New York
[Mr. JAVITS] and the Senator from Penn-
sylvania [Mr. SCOTT] be added as co-
sponsors of S. 2266, to authorize the
Attorney General to transfer to the
Smithsonian Institution title to certain
objects of art.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
REPORT ENTITLED "IMMIGRATION
AND NATURALIZATION"-REPORT
OF A COMMITTEE (S. REPT. NO.
1052)
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, on be-
half of the Senator from Mississippi [Mr.
EASTAND], from the Committee on the
Judiciary, T submit a report entitled "Im-
migration and Naturalization," pursuant
to Senate Resolution 44, 89th Congress,
and ask that it be printed.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The report will be received and
printed.
REPORT ENTITLED "ADMINISTRA-
TIVE PRACTICE AND PROCE-
DURE"-REPORT OF A COMMIT-
TEE (S. REPT. NO. 1053)
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, on be-
half of the Senator from Missouri [Mr.
LONG], from the Committee on the Judi-
ciary, I submit the annual report on ad-
ministrative practice and procedure, pur-
suant to Senate Resolution 39, 89th Con-
gress, and ask that it be printed.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The report will be received and
printed.
AMENDMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS
ACT-REPORT OF A COMMITTEE-
MINORITY VIEWS (S. REPT. NO.
1056)
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, from
the Committee on Banking and Curren-
cy, I report favorably, with an amend-
ment, the bill (S. 2499) to amend the
Small Business Act to authorize issu-
ance and sale of participation interests
based on certain pools of loans held by
the Small Business Administration, and
for other purposes, and I submit a re-
port thereon; together with the minority
views of Senators BENNETT, TOWER,
THURMOND, and HICKENLOOPER. I ask
unanimous consent that the report, to-
gether with the minority views, be
printed.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The report will be received and
the bill will be placed on the calendar;
and, without objection, the report will
be printed, as requested by the Senator
REPORT W ENTITLED "REFUGEE
PROBLEMS IN SOUTH VIETNAM"-
REPORT OF A COMMITTEE-INDI-
VIDUAL VIEWS (S. REPT. NO. 1058)
Mr. KENNEDY of Massachusetts. Mr.
President, from the Committee on the
Judiciary, I ask unanimous consent to
submit a report entitled "Refugee Prob-
lems in South Vietnam," pursuant to
Senate Resolution 49, 89th Congress, to-
gether with the individual views of the
junior Senator from Massachusetts [Mr.
KENNEDY).
I ask unanimous consent that the re-
port together with the individual views
be printed.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The report will be received and
printed, as requested by the Senator from
Massachusetts.
REPORT ENTITLED "REVISION AND
CODIFICATION"-REPORT OF A
COMMITTEE (S. REPT. NO. 1054)
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, on be-
half of the Senator from North Carolina
[Mr. ERVIN], from the Committee on the
Judiciary, I submit the annual report on
"Revision and Codification," pursuant to
Senate Resolution 50, 89th Congress, and
ask that it be printed.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE
U.S.C. 71 that all claims and demands by the by the General Accounting Office for ine year.
Government of the United States shall be Actual refunds and collections made by or
settled and. adjusted in the General Account- through our efforts during the year amounted
fug Office and from 31 U.S.C. 93 which pro- to $27,166,00(;.
vides that the General Accounting Office "We made 480 examinations and audits at
shall superintend the recovery of all debts 273 plants and ofl?,ces of contractors and sub-
finally certified by it to he due to the United contractors holding contracts with the Armed
States. Forces, and at 12'7 plants and offices ,if con-
Decisions of the Comptroller General: The tractors and subcontractors holdfne;- con-
Comptroller General is required by law to tracts with civil departments and. agencies of
render decisions as to the legality of expendi- the Governmen.t.
Lures of public funds to heads of executive "In the civ.1 departments and agencies, we
departments or independent agencies, or dis- made 980 ref iews of selected activities and
bursing or certifying officers, who are author- programs at 1,480 locations within the United
ized to apply for a decision upon any ques- States, including 275 non-Federal locations,
Lion involving a. payment to be made by or such as State and local government:, pub-
under them or pursuant to their certification. lie works site.. and various other rec pients
In addition, many legal questions arise in of Federal grants, loans and funds.
the audit and settlement work of the General "We made 356 reviews of selected defense
Accounting Office which require determina- activities and programs and 94 reviewe if scl-
tion. acted international activities and programs
Cinder certain circumstances, contracting at 780 military installations and 142 nc,nmili-
Officers may request advance decisions on tary locations, including 31 agencies ,1 for-
questions involving the awarding of a con- eign governments and 108 other locala.,ns in
tract. Also, any bidder may request a deaf- foreign countries.
sion on the legality of a proposed or actual "During the year we audited 4.8 t"::illion
award of a contract adversely affecting him. bills of lading covering freight shipments
Hy law, the decisions of the Comptroller and 2.5 million transportation requests for
General are final and conclusive on the exec- passenger travel, and issued. 73,251 'laims
olive branch of the Government and estab- against the c.,rrieis for overcharges totaling
lish the validity of the individual payments $11.4 million. We also settled 22,673 vlaims
and, in some instances, the legality of entire from carriers against the Governments total-
programs. ing $19.1 million for $1.5 million, or $4.I mil-
l pecial assistance to the Congress: :In ad- lion less than claimed. In addition to these
dition to the work which it initiates, the Gen- direct settlements, we furnished cssist-
oral Accounting Office makes many special ante to the Department of Justice in some
audits, surveys, and investigations at the spe- 134 legal actions involving claims again,;t the
rifle request of congressional committees, as Government for (15.3 million which were
required by law. Special audits, surveys, and settled for $4.1 million, or $1.2 millio:i less
investigations are also made and informa- than claimed.
Lion, often relating to the legality of specific "In our legal. work, we handled 5,330 decl-
transactions or to their conformance with siions and related legal matters. Included in
existing regulations, is furnished at the re- the total were 788 legislative and legal re-
quest of Members of Congress. ports submitted to committees and Members
General Accounting Office representatives of the Congress on information of in+erest
may be assigned to assist specified commit- to them and 86 reports to the, Director of the
tees at their request and are called upon fre- Bureau of the Budget on proposed, pending,
quently to testify before coneressiona.l cnm_
co one Congress consists of furnishing rem-
inents on proposed legislation.
Rules, regulations, and decisions: The
Comptroller General makes such rules and
regulations as deemed necessary for carry-
ing on the work of the General Accounting
Office, including those for the admission of
attorneys to practice before it. Under the
sal of the Office, he furnishes copies of rec-
ords from hooks and proceedings thereof, for
use as evidence in accordance with the act
of ,June 25, 1948 (62 Stat. 946; 28 U.S.C. 1733).
't'he General Accounting Office "Policy and
Procedures Manual for Guidance of Federal
Agencies" is the official medium through
which the Comptroller General promulgates
(1) principles, standards, and related re-
quirements for accounting to be observed by
the Federal departments and agencies, (2)
uniform procedures for use by the Federal
agencies, and (3) regulations governing the
relationship of the General Accounting Office
with other Federal agencies and with indi-
viduals and private concerns doing business
with the Government
sv
s"ollowing is a summary of the activities
uI the General Accounting office which ap-
pears in its most recent annual report to the
Congress (covering fiscal year ending
June 30, 1964) :
"During the year our staff carried out its
work at 2,782 locations throughout the world,
including 41 foreign countries in which we
carried out assignments at some 340 various
locations.
"Refunds, collections, measurable savings,
7,450 general claims against the United
States, consist.ng of 615 claims involving
Government contracts, 3,236 claims in,oly-
ing military personnel, and ;3,599 claim,; in-
volving civilian personnel and other public
creditors of the United States. In the set-
tlement and disposition of these claims we
certified the si::m of $33,879,969.13 for pay-
ment. We also adjusted and settled 4:1,267
claims by the United States and collected
$6,410,067.98. At the end of the fiscal year
1964 we had 14,052 claims under collection
representing accounts receivable in the total
amount of $6,;04,874.85. During the year
we reported 3,842 claims to the Department
of Justice for collection by suit, if appro-
priate, and at the end of the year the
accounts receivable :for claims pending with
that Department totaled $8,422,258.35.
"During fiscal year 1964, we issued 1,010
audit reports, iii Increase of 192 over the
previous fiscal year.. We submitted 293 re-
ports on audits or investigations to the Con-
gress and 197 rc;xirts to congressional com-
mittees, officers of the Congress, or individ-
ual Members of Congress on audits or in-
vestigations made at their request. Of the
490 congressional reports, 229 related to ac-
tivities of the civil departments and agen-
cies of the Government, 225 pertained to
activities in the Doopartrnent of Defense :nd
the three military departments, 34 relateci to
international activities including military
and. economic assistance to foreign countries,
and 2 related to Governrrrcnt-wide activities.
In addition, we i.>sued 521) reports to officials
of the various departments and agencies !nd
furnished copies in many cases to the con-
:amounted to $321,489,000. This amounted -"As- a+ consequence of our reports and
;o a return of over $7 for every dollar spent other work, our representatives testified he_
1687
fore congressional committees on 23 occa-
sions and on a variety of subjects during the
fiscal year. Ninety-eight General Account-
ing Office attorneys, accountants, auditors,
and investigators were assigned to the staffs
of 21 congressional committees or subcom-
mittees during the 1964 fiscal year. Over
9,200 man-days of technical assistance were
provided for work directly with and under
the control of the congressional committees.
"Our operating expenses for the year
amounted to $43,713,000, approximately $2
mullion less than appropriated. Our staff
at the yearend totaled 4,350, as compared
with 4,659 at June 30, 1963, a net decrease
of 309. During the past 10 years, our staff
has been reduced by 1,563, or approximately
26 percent."
JAMES R. CALLOWAY,
Chief Clerk and Staff Director.
Mr. KUCHEL, Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MCCLELLAN, I yield to the Sen-
ator from California.
Mr. KUCHEL. I am delighted to ;loin
my friend from Arkansas in the com-
ments he has just made concerning the
Comptroller General. I share his feel-
ings. I have known Elmer Staats and
have had occasion to work with him from
time to time in his capacity in the
Budget Bureau. I simply congratuhtte
the American people for having this
kind of public servant in this new field of
responsibility.
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, the
nomination of Elmer B. Staats to be
Comptroller General of the United State s
merits the highest praise. I have had
the privilege of knowing and working
with Mr. Staats over a period of many
years, since I first came to the Scat.^,te
in 1947.
As a public official, Mr. Stoats has
served as Deputy Director of the Bureau
of the Budget under each of the last Pour
Presidents. His Government cancel'
began in 1939, and although he did spend
several years as an executive in
i
vate
pr
industry, he has given the greater pal t
of his career to high public service.
I know that others have spoken of his
achievements and accomplishments. but
I would like to say that he also has shown
himself to be a man ofi patience, thought-
fulness, and fairness in his consideration
of problems that come before him. Each
year, the Members of Congress from
Kentucky have met with him and his
staff as an official group-to present their
views on budget items affecting Ken-
tucky-and he always heard us with
careful attention and acted objectively.-
His qualities and his experience will
stand the Congress in good stead, and
I am pleased that the Senate will con-
firm his nomination today.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tali-
pore. The question is, Will the Sena [f,
advise and consent to the nomination?
The nomination is confirmed,
FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT
COMMISSION
The legislative clerk read the nomi-
nation of Theodore Jaffe, of Rhode Ini-
land, to be a member of the Foreign
Claims Settlement Commission for a
term of 3 years.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400050005-8