VIETNAM COSTS VERSUS DOMESTIC PROGRAMS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010012-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 21, 2005
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: January 17, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

298
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE - January 17, 1966
who shun the battle make poor critics of "did all he could, he handled himself well."
its loss. The Republican legislator said the strike re-
sulted from "the failure of laws in State and
[From the .New York Times, Jan. 17, 1966] Nation to deal with a situation of this kind."
STRIKE Loss HERE PUT AT $1 BILION BY Governor Rockefeller has promised to ask
BUSINESS UNIT-COMMERCE ASSOCIATION the legislature to provide $100 million in aid
ASKS FOR A RAISE IN FARE TO PAY FOR TRAN- to New York City quickly to help it pay for
SIT SETTLEMENT-MAYOR BACKED ON PACT- transit needs.
JOIINSON'S CRITICISM TERMED UNFAIR BY However, legislation will be needed to give
JAVITS-WIRTZ ASSAILED BY GILHOOLEY the city permission to transfer funds to the
(By Emanuel Perlmutter) autonomous transit authority. Mr, Gil-
~ea y risa~cazu""ia that such legislation would be passed.
estimated yesterday that the 12-day transit
strike cost N
Y
k
1 billi
ew
or
ers $
on and that WIDNALL AND CURTIS CHALLENGE ADMINISTRA-
"less than 25 percent will be recovered." TION To ACT IN NEW YORK TRANSIT STRIKE:
The association asked that the 15-cent
settlement, which has been estimated as Two senior Republican Members of Con-
costing between $62 and $70 million. gress, Representatives WILLIAM B. WIDNALL,
The group also said it would ask Governor of New Jersey, and THOMAS B. CURTIS, of Mis-
Rockefeller today to sponsor three tougher sours, challenged the Johnson administration
measures to bar strikes by public employees. to go on record in favor of a noninflationary
Ralph C. Gross, executive vice president wage settlement in the New York transit
of the association, outlined the group's strike. They said the President's efforts to
stand during the WCBS-TV "Newsmakers" date would be of no help to the harrassed
program and in an interview afterward. millions the metropolitan area of New J//pp~r-
JAVTTS DEFENIYS PACT sey, Connecticut, and New York. WroNALL,
the ranking Republican on the House Bank-
Meanwhile, two Republicans came to the ing and Currency Commitee and cosponsor
defense of Mayor Lindsay in his controversy of the Mass Transportation Act of 1964, and
with the Democratic national administra- CURTIS, the senior House' Republican on the
tion over the strike settlement. Joint Economic Committee, who both repre-
The agreement has been defended by Mr. sent urban areas, said that the outcome of
Lindsay. But President Johnson and Labor this strike could break the Johnson adminis-
Secretary W. Willard Wirtz have criticized it tration's own wage-price guidelines, and
for being in excess of the 3.2 percent wage- would have repercussions in Greater St: Louis
increase guideline that the Federal ad- and other metropolitan areas throughout the
ministration deemed necessary to prevent country where transportation is a problem.
inflation. They called for congressional observers at
Senator JAcoB K. JAvITS, of New York, just the collective bargaining table to speed set-
back from a 6-day day trip to South Vietnam, tlement, to check on the usefulness of the
said that.the President's criticism "wasn't wage-price guidelines, and to seek possible
fair." He made this comment after an ap- legislative solutions to future collective-bar-
pearance on the WABC-TV "Page One" gaining problems.
program. The text of their statement follows:
John J. Gilhooley, the only Republican on "The announcement by President Johnson
the three-man transit authority, restricted that, as a result of the New York transit
his criticism to Secretary Wirtz. strike, he has urged Federal agencies to help
"I must say, as far as I'm concerned, it relieve the suffering involved is nothing but
was not the bravest act of Mr. Wirtz's ca- a consolation prize for the harrassed millions
reer to shoot our young mayor in the back of Americans in the New York-New Jersey-
after he'd made the difficult decision to Connecticut metropolitan area. In the first
raise New York from it knees," Mr. Gi1- place, the programs he suggests using, the
hooley said on the WNBC-TV "Searchlight" poverty program's small business loans, the
program. regular small business loan and disaster loan
In discussing the Commerce and Industry program, home mortgages, and depressed
Association's legislative request, Mr. Gross areas legislation have the end result of only
said the group would ask for three measures postponing or increasing an individual's
to amend or replace the Condon-Wadlin law, debts. In the case of the small business loan
which he said had proved ineffective in program, it is so short of funds, and in such
barring strikes by public employees. a state of chaos itself, despite a year's effort
"We will ask for laws penalizing the leaders on our part to correct this situation, that it
of a public union who call a strike, penalties is doubtful if it can be of any immediate
against them if they threaten one and esca- significant assistance. More importantly,
lating fines against the union treasury if a however, the President's announcement com-
strike takes place," Mr. Gross said. pletely ignores the basic problem which is to
The Condon-Wadlin law imposes job end an illegal strike by a union which has
penalities against striking employees, but been demanding an excessive wage increase
none against their union or its leaders. The of 15 percent which would make a mockery
leaders and union may however, be punished of the President's own 3.2-percent wage-price
for violating court orders based on the law, guidelines.
On the question of the strike losses, Mr. "The same Johnson administration that
Gross said the major costs were in wages made front page headlines by denouncing at-
paid to workers who could not come in to tempts by business to raise prices is strangely
work, to employees who received no pay be- and mysteriously silent when it comes to ex-
cause they did not work and to the hundreds cessive demands by labor. Apparently the
of small retail establishments that lost pur- guidelines are important, depending upon
chases that would not be made later. who they are supposed to guide. National
He estimated that more than 185 million labor leaders, who are so fond of lecturing
man-hours of employment -had been lost. Congress on excessive business profits, on
Mr. Gross said after the television program mass transportation needs, on the problems
that the association believed that a fare in- of the workingman and the poor have not
crease was necessary to pay for the new been heard from either. Yet here is a strike
transit contract. that materially hurts millions of other work-
"I personally believe it should be 25 cents, ers, that breaks the wage-price guidelines,
and that an increase to 20 cents would only that punishes the public, that is particularly
meet the transit deficit for about 2 years," hard on the low-income citizen who more
he added. than anyone else depends upon public trans-
Senator'JAVITS, in defending the size of the portation, and that is illegal to boot. We
strike settlement, said that Mayor Lindsay would challenge these labor leaders to use
their influence to assist in obtaining a
prompt, noninflationary settlement and a re-
turn to a rule of law and not of men.
"U.S. Labor Secretary Willard Wirtz has
Indicated to the press that there are few
legal tools the President can use to push a
responsible settlement. We agree that Con-
gress has provided little authority for the
President to act to control wages and prices,
but that didn't bother the administration
any when it used stockpile metal to roll back
aluminum prices and threatened the shifting
of defense contracts to force the so-called
steel price compromise. Secretary Wirtz is
obviously trying to set up the public to buy
the idea that President Johnson's personal
action will have generated a strike settlement
even though it involves a wage contract in
excess of the administration's own guide-
posts. Such a settlement would aversely
affect millions of Americans in the New York,
New Jersey, Connecticut metropolitan area
who rely on adequate and inexpensive public
transportation. If this can happen in New
York, it can happen in greater St. Louis or
any metropolitan area in the Nation.
"We believe the President, Secretary Wirtz,
and the Council of Economic Advisers,
headed by Chairman Gardner Ackley, have a
responsibility to go on record immediately
In favor of holding the line on inflation in
the greater New York transit dispute, acting
with the same vigor previously reserved only
for the Nation's business community. In
addition, we suggest that bipartisan congres-
sional observers from the appropriate com-
mittees be invited to the negotiation sessions
to see the wage-price guidelines in action
and to learn what may need to be done in
the way of legislation to break such impasses
in the collective bargaining process. The
congressional group could include, for ex-
ample, members from committees involved
in labor and transportation matters, as well
as from the Joint Economic Committee. The
mere presence of Members of Congress,
should hasten a responsible settlement,
which is what harassed greater New York
metropolitan area residents want most of all.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FOREIGN AS-
SISTANCE PROGRAM-MESSAGE
FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES
The SPEAKER laid before the House
the following message from the Presi-
dent of the United States which was read
and, together with the accompanying pa-
pers, referred to the Committee on For-
eign Affairs and ordered to be printed
with illustrations.
To the Congress of the United States:
The annual report on the foreign as-
sistance program of the United States
for fiscal year 1965, which I here trans-
mit, shows what Americans have done
during the past 12 months to help other
people help themselves.
The record of these months offers new
testimony to our continuing conviction
that our own peace and prosperity here
at home depend on continued progress
toward a better life for people every-
where.
In pursuit of that goal, we have, dur-
ing this past year, placed new emphasis
on the basic problem of securing more
food for the world's population.
We have agreed to extend technical
assistance to countries asking for help on
population programs. At the same time,
our overseas missions have been directed
to give priorities to projects for achiev-
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January 17, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
was not successful then, and have little
reason to believe that I will be any more
:successful today, but I hope that those
who share my views that we should
strive for accuracy, integrity, and econ-
omy, and who are opposed to fraud and
deception, will understand that these
'emarks are intended to be constructive,
and will lend their cooperation in re-
I,uring accuracy and sanity to the
VLErNAM COSTS VERSUS
`PIC PROGRAMS
(Mr. CEDERI3ERG asked and was
,iven permission to address the House
for 1 minute.)
Mr. CEDER1BERG. Mr. Speaker,
]:'resident Johnson indicated in his state
oi' the Union message that the war in
Vietnam is no reason to hold the line on
spending for domestic programs. He
inferred that those of us who have a
concern about increased spending at this
time for domestic programs that can be
deferred are calloused in our concern
for human need:;.
The Defense Department for years has
indicated to Congress the continuing
need for military family housing. De-
fense Department testimony before our
Military Construction Appropriation
Subcommittee indicates we have several
thousand military families living in sub-
;;Landard housing, some in deplorable
condition.
In spite of these facts the Defense Dc-
partment deferred construction of the
2,500 military family houses approved by
this Congress last year. Obviously this
was done because of our increasing re-
quirements for expenditures in South
Vietnam.
The policy appears to be guns and
whipping cream for the civilian economy
but only guns with a little skimmed milk
for our military families.
Why this obvious discrimination, Mr.
1'resident?
If pressing housing needs for military
families can be deferred, is it unreason-
able to expect similar restraint be re-
quired of the rest of our economy?
NEW YORK'S TRANSI'T CRISIS: THE
COSTLY POLITICS OF L.B.J.
i Mr. WIDNAIL asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and revise and extend his re-
:llarks. )
Mr. W[DNAI.,L. Mr. Speaker, this
ralorning's papers carry an estimate by
Uhe Commerce and industry Association
of New York City that the recent illegal
transit strike in that metropolitan area
cost $1 billion, and less than 25 percent
of that will never be recovered. The ma-
jority of this cost fell upon those busi-
nesses who had to pay for work never
performed since their employees could
riot get to work and those employees who
lost wages during the 12-day period be-
cause they could not get to work, plus
i,lie hundreds of small retail establish-
ments. In all cases, the greatest burden
will have fallen on those least able to
afford it; the low-income worker and the defiance of law and court order President
small businessman. Johnson had not a word of condemnation
Nor does this take into account the for the union leaders responsible for the
exercise in economic blackmail of a city.
future cost as a result of the strike set- Now that the siege has been lifted with a
tlement, a settlement that the New York costly settlement, M:r. Johnson suddenly finds
'l'imes has correctly called "a compromise his voice, and censures New York for pay-
accommodation made under duress" on ing too high a price for its freedom.
the part of city officials. Someone is ??o- The President is quite right in stating
ing to have to pay for the settlement, and
it will either have to come out of the fare
box, in which case it will be paid for by
those who have suffered the most from
the strike already, or through some kind
of public subsidy. The latter, if it occurs,
'k,;ill probably be shared by the taxpay;sl's
of the city, State, and Nation.
It is an unfortunate fact that the
President of the United States, after
making no effort to prevent the damage,
has broadened its impact by his after-
the-fact lament condemning the final
settlement. It will be recalled that at
no time during the 12-day strike was
there a word from the President, Secre-
tary of Labor Willard Wirtz, or the
Chairman of the President's Council of
Economic Advisers, Gardner Ackley, con-
dertming the wage demands of the tran-
sit union as out of line with the admir.is-
tration's own wage-price guidelines as
has so firmly been done with price in-
crease proposals on the part of busini,ss.
At no time did any Johnson administ.rra-
tion. figure speak out against the union
defiance of the laws and the courts of
the State of New York. Then, in what
the New York Times has described a.s a
"blatantly political" comment, the Pr+ si-
dent took the city of New York to tusk
without one word about the cause o it
all.
Ti; may be possible to access the dem-
age this strike caused to the people of
New York and the surrounding metro-
politan area, and to estimate the future
costs of the settlement. The damag:-, to
the judicial and moral structure of the
Nation's largest city and second lar;est
State, and the injury to the image, pres-
tige, and effectiveness of the Presidency
as an unbiased umpire in the economic
arena, however, are incalculat,le. I hesi-
tate to even mention the possible impact
on the national interest should the New
York transit strike be used as an ex;a.m-
ole and as a signal for similar crisis in
other parts of the country,.
I include at this point an editorial
from the New York Times of January 15,
1966, an editorial from the New York
Herald Tribune of January 15, 1966, and
an article from the New York Time ; of
January 1.7, 1966.. I would also like to
call attention to the press release that
follows these :newspaper articles which
contains the joint statement by Con-
gressman THOMAS B. CURTIS. Of Missouri,
and myself, calling on the President to
take a firm position on the demands and
that the peace terms breach his anti-inflation
guidelines. As we observed in these columns
yesterday, none of the adroit arguments :.d-
vanced in support of the pact by Dr. Nathan
P. Feinsinger, chairman of Mayor Lindsay's
special mediation board, could make it tit
inside even an elastic interpretation of the
guidelines. It was a compromise accommoda-
tion made under duress; and only the
mayor's resolve not to "capitulate before
the lawless demands of a single power group"
prevented outright surrender.
If Mr. Johnson had seriously wanted to
act against an inflationary settlement, he
had ample opportunity to do so. On any
one of the 12 days he could have denounced
the strike as a threat to the national inter-
est-which the Chairman of the President's
Council of Economic Advisers, Gardner Ack-
ley, now acknowledges it was-and he could
have supported Mr. Lindsay in the mayor's
unheeded call for arbitration, factfinding,
or a retroactive contract extension. But the
President did not choose to do so.
Such help from Mr. Johnson would have
been doubly meaningful in the light of at-
tempts by some elements in the old-time
Democratic-labor cabal in this city to ex-
ploit the strike as an instrument for humili-
ating the new Republican-fusion mayor, thus
hoping to kill his future political career.
Now that Mr. Lindsay and the city have
survived the strike, the President contrib-
utes his meed toward discrediting the settle-
ment. The blatantly political character of
his comment is underscored by the con-
tinued absence of any direct criticism of
the Transport Workers Union for its coercion
of the community. He declares himself
"quite disturbed that essential services could
be paralyzed for so long"; but there is not a
hint of who is to blame. Not a word about
flouting the law and the courts, not a syllable
about the damage to the moral and judicial
structure of this, the largest city in the
United States.
The President's remarks provide a dis-
couraging setting for the recommendations
he has promised to send to Congress to pro-
tect the public interest against such strikes.
Reports from Washington indicate that his
state of the Union pledge of tighter strike
curbs was toned down before delivery in re-
sponse to objections voiced by George Meany.
If even the promise must be diluted before
it gets to Capitol Hill, what real hope is
there in this administration for effective
protection for the public against public-
service strikes?
[From the New York Herald Tribune, Jan 15,
19661
A BIT LATE, MR. PRESIDENT
New York's transit strike was barely ended
when President Johnson pronounced his
anathema: "Candor requires me to say that
I am quite disturbed that essential services
could be paralyzed for so long, and I am
actions of the union, which is dated equally concerned by the cost of the settle-
January 9, 1966, several days before the ment (which) violates our national guide-
settlement. posts for noninflationary wage increases.
li th t ttl m' t that
n
n
se e
I d
t b
The articles and release follow:
[ From the New York Times, .pan. 15,
e
y
e eve a a
o no
violates the guideposts to this extent is in
9661 the national interest."
POLITICS, THE L.B.S. WAY We agree. But that bit of Presidential
Through all the 12 days that New York candor would have come with better grace
was crippled by a transit strike called in and more effect a few days earlier. Soldiers
 Approved For Release 2006/11/06: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010012-3
326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
By Mr. ROBERTSON, from the Committee
on Banking and Currency, without amend-
ment:
S. Res. 173. Resolution authorizing the
Committee on Banking and Currency to
make certain investigations, and to provide
additional funds therefor (Rept. No. 941) ;
referred to the Committee on Rules and Ad-
ministration.
By Mr. SPARKMAN, from the Committee
on Banking and Currency, without amend-
ment:
S. Res. 172. Resolution to provide addi-
tional funds for the Committee on Banking
and Currency (Rept. No. 940); referred to
the Committee on Rules and Administration.
REPORT OF ACTIVITIES OF THE
JOINT COMMITTEE ON DEFENSE
PRODUCTION-REPORT OF A COM-
MITTEE (REPT. NO. 942)
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
submit the 15th annual report of the ac-
tivities of the Joint Committee on De-
fense Production, with material on mo-
bilization from departments and agen-
cies, and ask that it may be printed. I
ask unanimous consent that a release,
prepared by me, relating to the report,
may be printed in the RECORD.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The
report will be received and printed; and,
without objection, the release will be
printed in the RECORD.
The release is as follows:
STATEMENT BY SENATOR A. WILLIS ROBERTSON,'
DEMOCRAT, OF VIRGINIA, ON ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON DEFENSE PRO-
DUCTION
Senator A. WILLIS ROBERTSON, Democrat, of
Virginia, chairman of the Joint Committee
on Defense Production, in releasing the com-
mittee's 15th annual report, called attention
to the fact that the report discloses increas-
ing use of priority assistance for critical ma-
terials and military items, upward pressures
on prices, and increasing demands similiar to
those which led to the necessity for price con-
trols, industrywide allocatio s of material
and products, and other emergency measures
of a wartime nature dutrng World War II
and Korea.
Adequate fiscal and monetary policies are
necessary, Senator ROBERTSON stressed, in or-
der to reduce the danger that such direct
controls may have to be imposed.
The Joint Committee on Defense Produc-
tion has the responsibility for reviewing pro-
grams under the Defense Production Act,
which provides the authority currently being
used to insure timely production for the
Vietnam conflict. It was under the Defense
Production Act that American productive
capacity of critical materials and products
was greatly increased during the Korean
war and that the economy was regulated
through price controls and allocations.
in releasing the report, Chairman ROBERT-
SON stated:
"The report indicates that the economy
is beginning to show the impact of the
Vietnam buildup and that in areas of heavy
defense production the already short supply
of manpower may get serious. Some short-
ages of capacity have developed and other
industries are operating at or near capacity."
The authority for priorities and alloca-
tions of materials provided in the Defense
Production Act has become increasingly im-
portant to insuring the delivery of weapons
to Vietnam. The report states:
"As the Vietnam situation became in-
tensified and our commitments became
heavier, the use of priority ratings has be-
come absolutely vital to delivery of end
items."
Senator ROBERTSON pointed out that recent
increases in the price of materials have al-
most wiped out the book loss of over $1.2
billion in Government inventories, of criti-
cal materials which has been widely pub-
licized in the recent past. These book losses
resulted from declines in market prices of
materials from the high prices paid for Such
materials during the Korean war. Senator
ROBERTSON stated:
"The elimination of $1.2 billion in book
losses during a 2-year period provides ad-
ditional evidence that inflation is with us.
The materials markets cannot be separated
from the remainder of the economy. As
the cost of inflation passes on to the pro-
ducers of materials, the resulting price in-
creases will be reflected in every segment of
the economy. Materials are required to
build and to operate the assembly lines that
supply the needs of both the military and
the civilian economy."
With regard to the effect of these price in-
creases, Senator ROBERTSON said:
"While the United ct?tar
January 17, 1966
By Mrs. NEUBERGER (for herself and
Mr. MORSE) :
5.2773. A bill to authorize the Secretary
of the Interior to construct, operate, and
maintain the Olalla division of the Umpqua
project, Oregon, and for other purposes; to
the Committee on Interior and Insular
Affairs.
Br. Mr. THURMOND (for himself and
Mr. RUSSELL of South Carrolina) :
S. 2774. A bill to grant the consent of Con-
gress for the construction of a dam across
the Savannah River between,South Carolina
and Georgia; to the Committee on Public
Works.
(See the remarks of Mr. THURMOND when
he introduced the above bill, which appear
under a separate heading.)
By Mr. MCCARTHY:
S. 2775. A bill to provide for payment of
survivor annuities to the widows of certain
former Members of Congress; to the Commit-
tee on Post Office and Civil Service.
By Mr. JAVITS (for himself, Mr. KEN-
losses or make substantial profits onv its NEDY or New York, and Mr. MORSE) :
p S. 2776. A bill to amend the Social Secu-
inventory of materials during this inflation- rity Amendments of 1965 so as to eliminate
ary period, the buying public will not have a therefrom certain provisions which deny hos-
similar offset against inflation." pital insurance benefits to certain individuals
Much of the national stockpile was ac- otherwise eligible therefor because of their
quired through purchases of materials from membership in certain subversive organiza-
expanded production authorized in the De- tions or their prior conviction of crimes in-
fense Product Act. Senator ROBERTSON fur- volving subversive activities; to the Com-
ther stated: mittee on Finance.
"The emergency needs of the Vietnam war (See the remarks of Mr. JAVrrs when he in-
again demonstrate the necessity for main- troduced the above bill, which appear under
taining adequate quantities of essential ma- a separate heading.)
terials to meet any emergency and the need
for carrying out long range programs for the By Mr. LONG of Midsthei:
S. 2777. A bill amend the Social Secu-
sale of surplus materials, while giving due rity Act Act to eliminate the provisions which
ich
consideration to market conditions, in order deny social security and hospital insurance
that the right materials will be available in benefits to uninsured individuals who are
the right quantities at the right time, employees or members of certain organiza-
"Unneeded materials, such as excesses pur- tions? to the Committee on Finance.
chased under Public Law 206 contrary to the (See the remarks of Mr. LONG of Missouri
views of this committee for non-defense pur- when he introduced the above bill, which
poses, do not help us solve the copper appear under a separate heading.)
shortage." Mr. MONTOYA (for himself, Mr.
In further commenting on emergency MANSFIELD, Mr. McGEE, Mr. EAST-
needs for materials, Senator ROBERTSON
Bald: LAND, Mr. ANDERSON, Mr. BIBLE, Mr.
"I favor an up-to-date review of the emer- NELSON, Mr. LONG of Missouri, Mr.
gency needs for each stre,tegic and critical MMr. oss, Mr. TYRE, Mr. T, Mr. Mr.
r.
C LARK, LARK, R Mr,
material, with due regard to our depend- SCOTT, end- SCuth, Mr. CHURCH, , Mr. R.
ence on foreign Mr. Of
RUSSELL
gn sources, population changes, South Carolina, Mr. , MCCLELLAN,
production methods, total commitments, and
related factors. Such study should give con- S. and Mr. FULBRIGHT)
to amend t ;
sideration to expediting requirements figures financial 2778. A ill ltmend oca act uca ional
from the military services and improving cs fo oassistance to local chudaeioal
the methods for translating weapons re- low-income for the families in education order children of
order to provide
quirements into materials requirements financial assistance for the education of or-
promptly and without delay." phone and
th
EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF A COM-
MITTEE
As in executive session,
The following favorable reports of
nominations were submitted:
By Mr. ROBERTSON, from the Committee
on Banking and Currency:
Robert C. Weaver, of New,York, to be Sec-
retary of Housing and Urban Development;
and
Robert C. Wood, of Massachusetts, to be
Under Secretary of Housing and Urban De-
velopment.
BILLS INTRODUCED
Bills were introduced, read the first
time, and, by unanimous consent, the
second time, and referred as follows:
By Mr. LAUSCHE:
S. 2771. A bill for the relief of Hazel Louise
Schuman Strunk; and
S. 2772. A bill for the relief of Bozica Puc-
nik; to the Committee on the Judiciary.
o
er children lacking parental
support; to the Committee on Labor and
Public Welfare.
(See the remarks of Mr. MONTOYA when he
introduced the above bill, which appear un-
der a separate heading.)
By Mr. PEARSON:
S. 2779. A bill for the relief of Maria
Lourdes Sunga Garcia; to the Committee on
the Judiciary.
(See the remarks of Mr. PEARSON when he
introduced the above bill. which Appear
un-
By Mr. LONG of Louisiana:
S. 2780. A bill to amend the internal Rev-
enue Code of 1954 to provide an optional
simplified tax method, and for other pur-
poses; to the Committee on Finance.
(See the remarks of Mr. LONG of Louisiana
when he introduced the above bill, which
appear under a separate heading.)
By Mr. MORSE (for himself and Mrs.
NEUBERGER) :
S. 2781. A bill to authorize the Secretary
of the Interior to construct, operate, and
maintain the Monmouth-Dallas division,
Willamette River project, Oregon, and for
other purposes; to the Committee on Inte-
rior and Insular Affairs.
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 Approved For Release 2006/11/06: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400010012-3
January 17, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
political persuasions, but said they all spoke
Cambodian. They had been discharged or
transferred to Phnom Penh by the time of
my visit.
MoNDULKIRI VISITED
On the morning of December 16, aboard
a vintage Cambodian Army DC-3, I new east
to Senmonorum, the capital of Mondulkiri
province. I was accompanied by Ches San,
a former Cambodian diplomat now serving
at Secretary of State for Information.
Bordering the Vietnamese provinces of
l?arlac and Quaaxgduc, Mondulkiri was creat-
ed only 5 years ago in an effort to populate
and fortify Ca:nibodia's eastern frontier re-
gion in line with the historic fear of Vietna-
mese intrusion. None of Cambodia's 400,-
000 Vietnamese residents is permitted to re-
supposed to ply highways.. It is here that the Mekong River, the region's roads and
east-west rather than north-
n
s
waterways ru
North Vietnam's elusive 325th Division al-legedly has its headquarters, and it is here south. When the Vietminh invaded Cam-
that its troops are reported to retreat to rest bodice in 1954, they came down the Mekong
Flying at about 100 feet, we cruised over
Highway 19, barren except for a few bicycles.
Along the way we observed Bo Kheo, de-
scribed in some press reports as a key Com-
Inunist post. It is a sprawling village whose
alleged "radio antennae" are primitive bam-
boo and rope contraptions used in its local
z:;rcon miines.
At Oyadao Highway 19 ends abruptly at
it river whose bridge was destroyed i ver a
decade ago in the Indochina war. Here we
found some 400 Vietnamese refugee; who
fled into Cambodia last August. In the opin-
ion of Chea San, the Cambodian officia with
aide in the area. :Die, however, these miserable peasants were
it is an uninviting region of rolling, tree-
potential aggressors who had no business
less hills, so poor that it. must import rice. i,7 his country.
Apart from primitive tribes, its population
i:; composed of only 1,000 famines, half Of
them dependen is of it local battalion, hall
of them "pioneers." Its military governor,
Maj. Khieu Boun, is it former French Army
sergeant who fought against the Vietminh
when it unsuccessfully attempted to invade
da,mbodia in March 1954.
Dec. 31, 19651
CAMBODIA SEEMS LIKELIER VII TCONG
ARENA
(By Stanley Karnow)
FEW SIGNS ON` LIFE
This area has been considered a southern-
most extension of the "Ho Chi Minh trail."
Ills leathery lace wrinkling into an ironic
smile, Bou.: scoffed at the allegation: "If we
are so poor ourselves, how could we nourish
the Vietcong?"
I suggested a closer look at the neighbor-
hood, and we climbed into Boun's Land-
rover, heading southeast over what maps
generously call National Highway 14. Ac-
tually it is it narrow dirt road that parallels
the Vietnam border as it winds through bar-
ren hills. The only sign of life we saw in 2
hours was a ti uckdriver changing a tire on
his gravel truck.
We passed a scarred hillside where 2
years ago, a 0.:3. transport airplane crashed,
killing its eight crewmen. Though American
sources believe the aircraft suffered from
mechanical failure, Boun proudly explained
that his men had brought down the intruder
with submachinegun fire.
Finally we reached Camp Le Rolland, a
former french outpost sometimes cited as a
Vietcong base. I had expected a romantic
fort in Beau Geste style. Instead I found a
bleak square o: earthworks garrisoned by a
handful of sixabby Cambodian provincial
guards.
(' con the camp I could look into Viet-
nam, observing through binoculars an Amer-
ican special force outpost at Buprang 4 miles
away. The bucolic scene seemed as peace-
ful as a Sunday in New England.
Did traffic piss into Vietnam? We pushed
on along Highway 14. Within 50 yards it
dwindled into a weedy path. Within a mile
it stopped at a wall of jungle.
It was near there that, by chance, we met
a typical Cambodian frontier patrol-four
barefoot tribesmen with filed teeth and dis-
tended earlobes, three of them carrying an-
cient French or British rifles. They could
not recall seeing Vietnamese in the area.
lint then, one of them volunteered, he would
not recognize a Vietnamese if he saw one.
Familiar as they are with the countryside,
such tribesmen seem a woefully inadequate
force. Moreover, Cambodia's entire military
strength in its eastern border area is fewer
than four battalions, most of them working
HONG KONG, December 30.-Camiodia's
southern border with Vietnam would seem a
more propitious sector for minor V:.acong
activities than its impoverished eastern, fron-
tier, where my trip by helicopter and plane
turned up no solid evidence that the Viet-
cong have established a "hard base" there.
From my 2-day tour of the southern zone
I could not determine whether the Vietcong
used it as extensively as they did some years
ago. In September 1961, for examp'e, the
Cambodian Army discovered 500 guerrillas
camped in Svay Rieng Province, driving; them
back into Vietnam after a 2-hour battle.
I could deduce, however, that this stretch
of the border is far leakier than Cam oodian
officials would publicly acknowledge---al-
though one official privately admitted, "What
we don't see, we don't know."
AS LOW AS 100 FEET
Before examining the southeastern border
:f completed my tour of the northeast; fron-
',ier, helicoptering over many areas ut alti-
tudes as low as 100 feet.
I noted that an apparently uninhabited
plateau of jungle interspersed with r wimps
extends far into Vietnamese territory before
tt reaches the Annamite Mountains, This
contradicts some press accounts that describe
the Vietcong "disappearing over the moun-
tains into Cambodia."
At Lo:m Kern, a lonely Outpost 3 miles in-
side the border, a young Cambodia: i lieu-
tenant said he had never seen Viet, ong or
Vietnamese Government troops cross the
frontier.. "I am not saying they :.re not
here," he added carefully. "I have Jut never
met them."
TRIBESMEN CONCUR
Tribesmen who patrol the region con-
curred. As to local natives giving rice to
Vietnamese, they said, "We cannot feed out-
siders.. We are short of food ourselves."
We then wound down the serpentine Iad-
rang Valley, and saw nothing stir except a
frightened deer. We touched down at
Voeune Sall, another alleged Vietcong camp,
and found a sleepy riverside settlement pre-
occupied with its experiments to Improve
rice production.
That the Vietcong may slip In and out of
the eastern border region, I cannot doubt.
oil farms, roads and rubber plantations. But unless they have miraculous means for
After spending the night at Lomphat, the getting food, I find it hard to imagine that
xu.osquito-infested capital of Rattanakiri the sector could constitute what guerrillas
province" we set out by helicopter to cover call a "'hard base."
the more sensitive northeastern frontier
ector. RIVERS DESERTED
abundant in rice and other food. On the
Cambodian side it is largely populated by
Vietnamese who, denied Cambodian citizen-
ship even by birth, are politically unreliable.
It is also a region in which smuggling con-
tinues, much like the free trade of French
colonial days.
Legal commerce between Cambodia and
South Vietnam has been severely curtailed
since the two countries broke diplomatic
relations. Truck traffic has ceased between
Phnom Penh and Saigon, and even a sec-
ondary road from Phnom Den over the border
the Apannong has been blocked. Cariibo-
dian river barges cannot enter Vietnam, and
Vietnamese barges are barred from Cam-
bodia.
Nevertheless, Vietnamese goods are widely
available, especially in border areas.
SHOPS OVERFLOWING
At the village of Phnom Den, for instance,
I found local shops overflowing with plastic
toys, soap, shirts, and kitchen utensils, all
made in Saigon. Everywhere in Cambodia
I encountered Saigon beer, which Cambo-
dians prefer to the heavy brews imported
from Eastern Europe.
Some of this merchandise enters Cambodia
through frontier barter markets tolerated
by both governments. But most of it ap-
pears to be handled by well organized Chi-
nese and Vietnamese smugglers. And it
seems plausible that, for strictly commercial
motives, they sell rice, chemicals and other
products to the Vietcong. -
After all, even Cambodia's Prime Minister,
Prince Norodom Kantol, told me that he
would sell rice to the Vietcong-if they paid
a top price in hard currency.
Though road'; and waterways are officially
closed, merchandise may cross the border
aboard nocturnal sampans or on coolie's
backs. When Chief of State Norodom Si-
hanouk gave 9:0 cases of medicine to the
Vietcong last September, there was no doubt
they would find their way into Vietnam.
In a similar manner, Vietcong agents tra-
verse the frontier. -
At Bavet, a border post in Svay Rieng pro-
vince, I asked the local governor where the
frontier might be crossed illegally. Such
crossings, he replied, were "formally prohib-
ited." He declined to clarify, however. how
the Australian Communist writer, Wilfred
Burchett and various Vietcong representa-
tives travel back and forth to Vietnam. He
also refused to point out where two American
prisoners, released by the Vietcong in Cam-
bodia last month, were taken across the bor-
der.
A RING OF TRUTH
With all this, there is a ring of truth to
the tales of wounded Vietcong seeking ref-
uge over the border, or Vietcong agents
entering Cambodia to recruit skilled. Viet-
namese workers.
In a broader sense, however, it remains to
be judged whether these details, deductions
and suppositions add up to a significant in-
dictment of Cambodia. Moreover, the Cam-
bodians must apparently produce evidence
of their innocence while their accusers have
yet to offer firm evidence of Cambodian guilt.
Thus the possible extension of the Viet-
nam war into Cambodia, while serious, seems
bewildering-and dangerous.
It is here that the Vietcong is said to be That the area serves as a significant
flying its flags brazenly over training camps. Communist supply route seems to me un- The following
It is here that Communist supply trucks are likely. Its rivers were deserted. Except for were submitted:
reports of committees
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 17, 1966
stopping in Saigon for a briefing on the sus-
picious areas to note inside Cambodia.
Accompanied by a Cambodian official, but
free to choose my itinerary-or improvise it
en route-I covered much of the Vietnam
border, often landing along the way in re-
mote outposts. In addition, I spent a day
in Sihanoukville.
Proving this negative charge of border vio-
lations is difficult, particularly where un-
marked frontiers stretch for miles under a
canopy of vegetation. It would take thou-
sands of men several years to examine every
foot of the Cambodian border area adjacent
to Vietnam.
IMPLAUSIBLE ACCUSATIONS
However, it was possible to measure cer-
tain charges against firsthand observations-
and in every case the accusations turned out
to be implausible.
The charge made by Thailand's Foreign
Minister Thanat Khoman last September,
that 27,000 Chinese were learning guerrilla
tactics at Sihanoukville, seemed to lack any
shred of credibility. Nor does Sihanouk-
Ville, which abounds with Western shipping
agents, appear a satisfactory landing place
for Vietcong weapons when compared to the
coasts of Vietnam itself.
The charge that Cambodia's roads and
rivers are used as Vietcong supply routes ap-
pears equally unlikely. Highway 19, which
once ran into Vietnam's highlands, now ends
abruptly at a river whose bridge was de-
stroyed a decade ago. Highway 14, in south-
east Cambodia, fades into jungle 2 miles
from the Vietnam border.
NO RED CAMPS FOUND
Another charge published is that Vietcong
training camps, with Vietcong flags flying,
dot the Cambodian countryside. But a
cruise around the region at an altitude of
100 feet revealed no such camps. There was
a charge that the hospital at Kampot, not
far from Sihanoukville, is used by the Viet-
cong. Within the past 2 months, about 20
Cambodian refugees from Vietnam have been
brought into the hospital, suffering from
gunshot wounds.
Many of the border villages within Cam-
bodia have markets stocked with Viet-
namese merchandise, from plastic toys and
soap to cigarettes and pans. This suggests
a lively smuggling trade between the two
countries.
Some 300,000 Chinese and 400,000 Viet-
namese reside in Cambodia, and some of
these are known to profit handsomely from
smuggling.
Furthermore, it is difficult to believe the
official Cambodian assertion that Vietcong
operatives do not cross into Cambodia to tax
local Vietnamese residents or recruit them.
After all, the Vietcong official, Tran Bun
Kien, turns up in Phnom Penh occasionally
while the Australian Communist journalist
Wilfred Burchette, who resides in Phnom
Penh, frequently crosses the border to inter-
view Vietcong leaders in Vietnam's Tay-
ninh Province.
DIFFICULT SANCTUARY
Beyond these details, however, the key
question is whether Cambodia is a signifi-
cant sanctuary for the Vietcong.
In the judgment of Western analysts here,
northeast Cambodia, supposedly the strong-
est base region for the Vietco)g and North
Vietnamese, is deficient in rice, supporting
its own scarce population with great diffi-
culty.
Moreover, it would seem very much against
Communist guerrilla strategy to build a
"hard base" in an uncontrolled foreign land
governed by a chief of state whose political
sentiments are variable.
And finally, it is doubtful that the Cam-
bodians, who passionately hate Vietnamese
of any ideology, would -knowingly make their
country vulnerable to American attack for
the sake of sheltering a traditional enemy.
[From the Washington Post, Dec. 30, 19661
PROVING NEUTRALITY Is TASK-WAR FEARS
TERRIFY CAMBODIA As LEADER STRUGGLES FOR
PEACE
(By Stanley Karnow)
HONG KONG, December 29.-The Vietnam
conflict, already extended into North Viet.
nam and southern Laos, now appears to be
approaching the edge of further expansion-
into adjacent Cambodia.
The prospects terrifies Cambodians. They
foresee their peaceful land transformed, like
Vietnam, into a frightful battlefield. But to
avoid that catastrophe, their chief of state,
Prince Norodom Sihanouk, may have to per-
form something like a legal miracle.
Beyond press dispatches, no official evi-
dence has been advanced to substantiate
charges that Cambodia serves as a sanctuary
for Vietnam's Communist troops. Neverthe-
less, Sihanouk is under pressure to prove that
his country does not willfully or even inad-
vertently aid the Communists. If he fails,
Cambodia could suffer the consequences.
Against such odds, Sihanouk has been des-
perately trying to demonstrate his innocence.
INVESTIGATIONS INVITED
Early this month he invited the Indian,
Canadian and Polish delegates of the Inter-
national Control Commission, created by the
1954 Geneva accords, to inspect Cambodia
thoroughly.
At the same time, Sihanouk asked the
Washington Post to pursue a parallel Investi-
gation. The Post said it was not equipped to
investigate such a complex problem but wel-
comed an opportunity for a trained reporter
to see for himself. As the Post's correspond-
ent for southeast Asia, I was selected for the
assignment.
From the start I realized that it would be
a delicate and unenviable task-if only be-
cause the whole issue of alleged Communist
sanctuaries In Cambodia has become pollt-
tically loaded.
COMMENTS HEIGHTEN TENSION
For one thing, Sihanouk has prejudiced
himself by heightening tensions with his
provocative rhetoric. He extols Red China,
proclaims his sympathy for the Vietcong,
likens President Johnson to Hitler, and then
expects frustrated American commanders in
Vietnam to believe he Is "100 percent neu-
tral."
The issue has been further complicated
by divergent attitudes within the U.S. mission
in Saigon. Many diplomats, wary of the po-
litical implications of an enlarged war, are
restrained in their charges against Cambodia.
Thus far their views seem to have prevailed
over those of their most daring military
colleagues.
The region's historic rivalries also con-
fuse and aggravate the situation. Viet-
namese and That accusations against Cam-
bodia, their traditional enemy, are often as
fantastic as Cambodia's countercharges.
Added to these abstract complexities is
the physical terrain I was invited to examine.
DIFFICULT BORDER REGION
The Cambodia-Vietnam border region
comprises thousands of miles of highland
jungle, lowland swamp, lofty mountains and
rolling hills, much of it sparsely inhabited
by primitive tribes that barely speak Cam-
bodian.
Obviously I could not poke into every
thatched hut in each forest clearing. I
could not be sure that frontier guards, cus-
toms officers, provincial officials and others
would speak the truth. I was not even cer-
tain that my interpreter would translate my
questions faithfully.
Yet I had, from the Cambodian Govern-
ment, striking evidence of cooperation-an
Alouette helicopter, tireless pilot, and total
freedom to travel when and where I wished.
Thug I .was clearly not the victim of a
gigantic conspiracy contrived to mislead me.
In Saigon, where I stopped before going
to Cambodia, military and civilian officials
seemed far less dogmatic in their charges
against Cambodia than many press reports
bearing Saigon datelines.
SUSPICION OF ARSENALS
These officials suggested that the arsenal
of 7.62 millimeter Chinese Communist weap-
ons now used by the Vietcong may have
been introduced from Cambodia into South
Vietnam about 2 years ago and hidden in
caches until recently. Indicated that stocks
of Vietcong explosives, lately uncovered in
South Vietnam's delta, might have been
manufactured from nitrates and other
chemicals transported down the Mekong
River from Cambodia.
Beyond these details, offered with some
reservation, Saigon sources appeared unable,
or perhaps unwilling, to extend firmer in-
telligence on Vietcong activities in Cambodia.
The morning of my arrival in Phnom
Penh, Cambodia's capital, Sihanouk had pub-
licly invited the ICC to keep permanent in-
spection teams at the port of Sihanoukville
and control weapons shipments to Cambodian
army barracks, headquarters and supply cen-
ters.
Western diplomats in Phnom Penh con-
sidered Sihanouk's offer a welcome gesture
of good faith, but whether the ICC was
equipped for the job aroused some doubt.
The Commission's dozen officials in Cam-
bodia cannot conceivably keep watch on 30,-
000 Cambodian troops, much less control the
country's borders. To expand the ICC effec-
tively would require years of financial nego-
tiations and organization.
But by the time I reached Sihanoukville,
145 miles south of Phnom Penh, three ICC
colonels had manfully begun to inspect cargo
manifests. The Canadian delegate struck
pay dirt: The movie unit that filmed "Lord
Jim" in Cambodia last year had imported a
case of rifles.
Built by the French within recent years,
Sihanoukville is a small port and relatively
easy to examine. During November, two
Chinese Communist ships had unloaded
cargo there. Inside the port's single ware-
house I examined the Chinese merchandise-
herbs, paper, honey candy, and assorted pots
and pans.
A shipment of Chinese weapons had
reached Sihanoukville last spring, Cambodian
port officials told me. One of them said:
"Why should we give them to the Vietcong
when we need them for our own soldiers?"
SMUGGLING IS COMMON
Though the coast is patrolled by United
States and South Vietnamese vessels based
at the Vietnamese island of Phuquoc, smug-
gling is common. I learned, however, that
most of the contraband consists of beer,
cigarettes and nylon fishing nets brought
from Vietnam and Thailand and exchanged
for Cambodian fish and soybeans. Authori-
ties apparently tolerate this traffic.
I did not observe the 27,000 Chinese Com-
munist guerrillas, alleged by Thailand's For-
eign Minister Thanat Khoman to be train-
ing at Sihanoukville. Nor did I feel that the
port, whatever its past, is currently on the
Vietcong supply route.
At the nearby town of Kampot, however,
I encountered evidence that the Vietnam
border, 30 miles away, is not hermetically
sealed. Within a recent 2-month period,
about 20 Cambodian refugees from Vietnam
were brought into the local hospital, suffer-
ing from gunshot wounds.
Conjecture in Saigon had suggested that
the Kampot hospital was used by the Viet-
cong. The resident physician, a Paris-edu-
cated Chinese, did not know his patients'
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January 17, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
as a result, been occasional border incursions
and bombing of Cambodian territory has
caused the deepest concern to the Cambodian
Government. Cambodia can be expected to
make the most vigorous efforts to resist be-
coming directly involved In the struggle
surging through South Vietnam and to repel
to the best of its capability direct and or-
ganized invasions of its territory which may
stem from the mounting tempo of the war.
Prince Sihanouk has suggested a way
to settlement of this explosive problem
which should receive the most careful
consideration from all concerned. He
has asked for expanded observer patrols
in the area under the auspices of the
International Control Commission. U.S.
funds would probably be necessary to
carry out this suggestion. But the
ultimate cost to this Nation of such a
venture would be infinitesimal compared
to that of expanded conflict beyond Viet-
nam into northeastern Cambodia.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent
that the editorial from the January 5
issue of the New York Times be included
at this point in the CONGRESSIONAI, REC-
or;D. In addition I ask that three arti-
cles by Stanley Karnow which portray
the current situation in Cambodia, with
emphasis on the border question, also be
included in the RECORD.
']'.here being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
jF"rorn the New York Times, Jan. 5, 19661
'iris CAMBODIAN BORDER
The authorization to American com-
manders in Vietnam to launch attacks into
northeastern Cambodia in "self-defense" has
now brought notice to the United Nations
from Prince Sihanouk that if this happens
he will seek foreign military assistance-pre-
sumably from Communist China-for re-
prisal raids.
This warning deserves to be taken seri-
ously, much as Cambodia's ruler may hesitate
to endanger his country's future independ-
ence by inviting in Chinese "volunteers."
The lesson of the past 5 years in Vietnam Is
that every measure of escalation leads to
another, each matched successively by the
other side, Cambodia is not likely to be an
exception.
The answer to the Cambodian problem can-
not be found through wider war. but only
through widening the present Vietnam peace
oll'ensive-which should continue, despite the
iifitially negative response yesterday from
la; a.nol.
'i i g'ving notice to the United Nations,
Prince Sihanouk renewed his proposal for
expanded observer patrols by the Interna-
tional Control Commission, as set up under
the 1954 Geneva accords. This proposal--
far which the Prince asks American contri-
hutions of fuads and equipment-involves
nutnitoring arms shipments to Cambodian
tortes through the southern Cambodian port
of Sihanoukvil[.!.
To extend this project to cover the rugged
jungle terrain of northeastern Cambodia,
an the United Nations Secretariat reportedly
ies urging, would be a task of much greater
difricult.y. Many hundreds of observers might
he needed. But it would be well worth the
cost to the United States if an effective
system could be established to reduce inci-
dents. A far larger operation than this will.
be necessary to police a South Vietnamese
peace settlement when one is reached. The
csperience and training gained in Cambodia
would be invaluable.
Vietcong and North Vietnamese units re-
portedly regrouped in northeastern Cambodia
for renewed attack during the Iadrang Val-
ley battle in November, but this evidently was
an unusual event. Repeated investigations
by Western newsmen as well as by the ICC
have failed to turn up proof that the Com-
munists make major use of Cambodia either
as a sanctuary or as an infiltration route for
men and supplies into South Vietnam. The
route through Laos is shorter and there are
plenty of isolated areas in South Vietnam it-
self in which to cache supplies.
The limited importance of Cambodia to
either side in Vietnam should make it far
easier to reach a Cambodian agreement than
a Vietnam settlement. 'Yet the use of the
Geneva machinery for this purpose might
help both sides ease into preliminary discus-
sions on ending the war in Vietnam itself.
The dispute with Cambodia calls at .cntion
again to the absence of direct American con-
tact with Phnom Penh. When Prince Sihan-
ouk broke diplomatic relations, he indicated
willingness to Continue consular roliitions
with the United States, but the State Depart-
ment decided to withdraw completely. An
offer to reestablish an American consulate in
Phnom Penh would be an act of wise diplo-
macy.
From the Washington (D.C.) Pest,
Dec. 28, 19651
TRANC,.UII, NATION FEARS WAR-TREE' FINDS
CAMCODrA No VIETCONG HAVEN
(The writer has just returned from a 10-
day trip, covering 3,000 miles through Cam-
bodia by jeep, helicopter, and on foot. Fur-
ther reports will follow.)
('By Stanley Ka:rnow)
HONG Ko:?rc, December 27.--Reminit.cent of
a French prefecture, the Cambodian capital
ui Phnom Penh is a pleasant town of hand-
some villas and luxuriant gardens and people
who doze through their afternoons-as if
the turbulence of southeast Asia were light
years away.
The peace that pervades Phnom Penh and
the rest of the land is the most striking
achievement Of Cambodia's Chief of State,
Prince Norodom Sihanouk. It is an achieve-
ment he repeatedly stresses in his ceaseless
stream of ore Cory.
Tn. the 12 years since it won indepe- idence
from France, Sihanouk asserts, Cambodia's
neutrality hap saved it from the fat-- of its
neighbors.
Tt is not, like Laos, torn by civil strife. In
contrast to Vietnam, it is not being destroyed
by war. Unlike Thailand, it has not become
the site of foreign bases that. invite C.,namu-
pist subversion.
Over the years, Sihanouhk has preserved
peace in Cambodia by tactics so flexible as to
have made hire appear whimsical.
After a decade of dependence on Amer-
ican aid. he broke diplomatic ties with the
United States last May and veered sharply
toward Communist China, irritating the So-
viet Union in the process. At; the Same time,
he has strived to strengthen his bones with
France, and he is currently -trying to huprove
his relations with Australia. Great T,ritain,
and Japan.
Shifty as they seem, however, Shihe souk's
moves have been basically motivated by a
clear, consistent aim. Playing for time, he
l ea hoped to spare his people repetition of
the ruinous history that nearly reducer' them
to extinction. In'his view, eommunie:m is a
less appalling prospect.
But if Sihanouk's adroit vamping for time
Las thus far given Cambodia its years of
calm, his time may be running out, And
the capital's air of tranquility often appears
betrayed by the perceptible feeling that. Cam-
bodia faces bitter days ahead.
WAR'S SPREAD FEARED
This mood of pessimism reflects the :fear
that the war in Vietnam may spill over Cam-
bodia's borders.
Within recent days, American commanders
in Vietnam have been advised that they have
the "inherent right of self defense" to enter
Cambodia in pursuit of their enemy. For
months, American press dispatches have
dramatized allegations that Cambodia is a
base and sanctuary for Vietcong and North
Vietnamese troops.
Mindful of their history, Cambodians see
this growing dlanger as a signal that the
hated Vietnamese, who invaded their land
in the past, have found a new pretext for
aggression.
Time and again within recent years, Siha-
nouk has sought to protect himself against
the threat of war. Time and again he has
met with disappointments.
His request 3 years ago for an inter-
national conference to guarantee his neutral-
ity was rebuffed by the United States, reticent
to acknowledge n, formula applicable to South
Vietnam. But later, when the idea seemed
more plausible to Washington, it was re-
jected by Peiping.
BORDERS UNDEFINED
His efforts to define his borders with. Viet-
nam, in talks with Saigon as well as Hanoi
and Vietcong representatives, have been un-
successful.
At the Communist-dominated "Indochi-
nese Peoples Conference," in Cambodia last
March, Sihanouk was not permitted to deliver
a speech pleading for a negotiated peace In
Vietnam. Instead, he had the speech printed
and quietly distributed.
But while emphasizing his neutrality,
Sihanouk often acts, perhaps impulsively, to
undo the effect he creates, frequently leaving
his most ardent admirers bewildered.
Ile has denied giving material aid to the
Vietcong. Yet in a public ceremony here last
September he affirmed his political support
for them, matching his statement with it
"humanitarian" gift of 40 cases of medicine.
INVITED INSPECTION
Since then he has disclosed that he is con-
sidering the sale of Cambodian rice to the
Vietcong. Says his Prime Minister, Prince
Norodom Kantol: "We will sell rice to who-
ever pays us the best price-in hard cur-
rency."
Though they strenuously deny that supply
routes pass from Cambodia into the Viet-
cong-held areas of Vietnam, Cambodian offi-
cials decline to reveal how their gift of
medicine;; reach the Vietcong belligerents.
With all this, however, Sihanouk is almost
desperately anxious to disprove charges that
Cambodia is a significant source of breking
for the Vietcong. And in this effort he has
displayed considerable good faith.
Earlier this month, for example, he invited
the International Control Commission, com-
posed of Indian, Canadian, and Polish dele-
gates, to inspect as thoroughly as they wished
the port of Sihanoukville, alleged to be the
entry point for weapons destined for the
Vietcong.
On December 13, moreover, Sihanouk au-
thorized the Control Commission to follow
weapons shipments, due to arrive from Clain a,
to Cambodian army barracks and arsenals,
and to register their further movements.
The Commission will also be allowed to re-
cord activities at a Chinese-built weapons
repair factory south of Phnompenh.
Such freedom of movement, say Commis-
sion officials, has not been accorded. elsewhere
in Indochina.
LETS IN CORRESPONDENTS
Concurrently, Sihanouk has invited se-
lected American newspaper correspondents
into Cambodia to determine whether it is
being used as a Vietcong sanctuary or base.
Such an invitation was extended to the New
York Times in September. A similar invi-
tation was sent to the Washington Post 3
weeks ago. I arrived on December 13. after
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Senate
The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian,
and was called to order by the Vice
President.
Bishop W. Earl Ledden, Wesley Theo-
logical Seminary, Washington, D.C.,
offered the following prayer:
This, too, 0 Lord, is a day which Thou
hast made; we will rejoice and be glad
in it. For though there is darkness at
noon, and men and nations have lost
their way, we know that we are not God
forsaken. Thou art still the light of
those who turn to Thee, and Thy way can
still be known among men.
Thou hast sustained and delivered our
beloved country in other days of dark-
ness. Now, again, we lift our prayer
with confidence: God bless America.
Guide us through the darkness of our
day. Deliver us, we pray, from the
dangers that beset us. Enable us to
communicate to the wide world our sin-
cere desire for a prosperity shared by all
mankind.
Because our hope is in Thee, Our
Fathers' God, we are not despairing.
We are confident that a better way than
we have ever known may yet be found
by Thy guidance.
To this end grant to every Senator,
this day, the light of Thy presence.
Bless and strengthen every attitude ex-
pressed in support of that righteousness
which exalteth a nation, every effort put
forth to extend the reach of that aggres-
sive good will that may yet find the way
to an honorable and lasting peace. In
His name. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by
unanimous consent, the reading of the
Journal of the proceedings of Friday,
January '14, 1966, was dispensed with.
MONDAY, JANUARY 17, 1966
the President of the United States,
which, with the accompanying report,
was referred to the Committee on For-
eign Relations:
To the Congress of the United States:
The Annual Report on the Foreign
Assistance Program of the United States
for fiscal year 1965, which I here trans-
mit, shows what Americans have done
during the past 12 months to help other
people help themselves.
The record of these months offers new
testimony to our continuing conviction
that our own peace and prosperity here
at home depends on continued progress
toward a better life for people every-
where.
In pursuit of that goal, we have, dur-
ing this past year, placed new emphasis
on the basic problem of securing more
food for the world's population.
We have agreed to extend technical
assistance to countries asking for help
on population programs. At the same
time, our overseas missions have been
directed to give priority to projects for
achieving better agriculture. Addition-
al resources of our great universities
have been applied to rural development
efforts abroad, and we have moved to in-
crease the nutritional value of food
shipped overseas for children.
During these past 12 months we have
also:
Begun to make education a more vital
part of our assistance to other nations.
Today, 70 American universities are en-
gaged in the development of 39 Asian,
African, and Latin American countries
through this program.
Given our full support to development
of a new life for the people of southeast
Asia through a regional development
program-a true and hopeful alterna-
tive to profitless aggression. We have
made progress toward the establishment
t ,,-` ? critical Mekong River Basin.
of the United d States were communicated
to the Senate by Mr. Jones, one of 'his The 12 months covered by this report
secretaries. also reflect our progress toward making
our aid programs both more realistic,
EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED
As in executive session,
The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the
Senate messages from the President of
the United States submitting sundry
nominations, which were referred to the
appropriate committees.
(For nominations this day received, see
the end of Senate proceedings.)
REPORT ON FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM-MESSAGE FROM THE
PRESIDENT
The VICE PRESIDENT laid before
the Senate the following message from
and more efficient. For example:
Foreign assistance has become a
smaller factor in our balance of pay-
ments. In fiscal year 1965, more than
80 cents of every AID dollar was spent
for the purchase of American goods and
services. American products and skills
went overseas as aid; most of the dollars
which paid for, them stayed in this
country.
At the height of the Marshall plan, in
comparison, foreign aid accounted for
more than 11 percent of the Federal
budget and nearly 2 percent of our gross
national product.
Perhaps the most important single
change in our AID programs has been
the shift from simply helping other
countries stay afloat to helping them be-
come self-supporting, so that our assist-
ance will no longer be needed.
Three-fourths of our AID program in
fiscal year 1965 was devoted to develop-
ment assistance: programs of technical
and capital assistance in agriculture, in-
dustry, health and education that
strengthen the ability of other nations
to use their own resources.
Finally, private participation in AID
programs is at an alltime high.
Through contracts with American uni-
versities, business firms, labor unions,
cooperatives, and other private groups,
AID has sharply increased the involve-
ment of nongovernmental resources in
international development.
Two of every five AID-financed tech-
nicians in the field today are not Federal
employees, but experts from private
American institutions.
There is much in the less-developed
world that causes us deep concern today:
enmity between neighbor nations that
threatens the hard-won gains of years
of development effort; reluctance to
move rapidly on needed internal re-
forms; political unrest that delays con-
structive programs to help the people;
an uncertain race between food supplies
and population.
We are right to be concerned for the
present. But we are also right to be
hopeful for the future. In this report
are recorded some of tha solid, human
achievements on which our future hopes
are based.
Whether it provides strength for
threatened peoples like those in south-
east Asia, or support for the self-help of
millions on the move in Latin America,
in Africa, in the Near East and South
Asia, our foreign assistance program re-
mains an investment of critical and
promising importance to our own na-
tional future.
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
JANUARY 17, 1966.
WAIVER OF CALL OF CALENDAR
UNDER RULE VIII
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the call of
the calendar under rule VIII, for the con-
sideration of unobjected-to measures be
waived.
The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob-
jection, it is so ordered.
Foreign aid has become a smaller
burden on our resources. The $3.5 bil-
lion committed for military and eco-
nomic assistance in fiscal year 1965 rep-
resented 3.5 percent of the Federal
budget and one-half of 1 percent of the
U.S. gross national product.
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11' ONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 17, 1966
JuIMITATION OF STATEMENTS Dl(;rR,-
TNG MORNING HOUR
On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by
unanimous consent, statements during
the morning hour were ordered limited
to 3 minutes.
MONTANA PIONEER DIES
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, dur-
ing the final days of 1965, I was saddened
to learn of the death of one of Montana's
pioneers and finest citizens. The passing
of Tom Stout brought to a close a most
colorful and accomplished career.
'.Tom Stout was a politician, editor, and
publisher in the finest tradition. He was
active in Democratic politics and served
the State of Montana in the House of
Representatives for two terms. Inter-
estingly, he was sworn in standing be-
tween Sam Rayburn and John Na:rice
Garner. The vast majority of Tom
Stout's life was devoted to journalism.
Ile started as a reporter and then be-
came editor and publisher of the Fergus
County Democrat in Lewiston. In his
later years. he was editorial writer for
the Billings Gazette.
Tom Stout has a long and full life, one
to which we can all aspire. He was a
good friend and one who will be missed.
Mr. President, I ask that two editorials
and a news story be printed at the con-
clusion of my remarks in the CoNGRrs-
S1.ONAL RECORD.
Where being no objection, the editori-
als and articles were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
[ Prom the Great Falls Tribune, Dec. 29, 19(13]
WE H,)Noa THOMAS H. (TOM) STOUT
loo 1902, a 22-year-old ex-teacher who had.
just; been admitted to practice law in Mis-
souri, asked a railway agent at Hannibal,
Mo., how far he could get for $25.
The homesteaders' rail fare to Billings hap-
pened to be $21.85 so Thomas H. (Torn)
Stout arrived in Billings on Easter Sunday
of 1902,
Con Stout made many contributions to
Montana before he died at Billings Sunday
ni: ht. He served. two terms in Congress. sev-
eral terms in the Montana Senate and also
the House of Representatives and was a
member of the Montana Railroad and Public
Service Commission. He also was a distin.-
guished newspaper publisher, a prominent
Democrat and a Montana historian.
While he was a State senator In 1913, Stout
introduced a resolution which paved the way
for women to get the right to vote in Mon.-
tana..
Above all, Tom Stout was a charming,
wi, ty, and gracious Montanan.
[F_?om the Lewistown Democrat News, Dec.
28, 19651
T, ?a: STOUT, FAREWELL
r1)e death of Tom Stout marks the end of
a k rilliant caxrer of a man who called Lewis-
sown home ior 45 years but was acclaimed
all over Montana for his achievements In
newspaper, political, and literary fields.
(tailed as one of the founders of this news-
paper, he was known and loved by the resi-
dents of this area who appreciated his warm,
genuine style of writing and his friendly,
pen tie marl Her.
Above all else, Tom Stout was acclaimed for
his outstanding editorials- While he was
never one to shy away from taking a stand
and was noised for the many issues for which
lie crusaded, still he was always fair and his
editorials reflected his own qualities of kind-
ness and consideration for others.
Described by one of his many friends as a
highly intellectual student, Tom Stout is
also remembered for his three-volume "His-
tory of M:ontana," standard equipment in
newspaper offices for almost half a century.
Not only was he acclaimed for his accom-
plishments in the newspaper world, but Tom
Stout was also active in politics and served
in both the State legislature and the U.S.
Congress, as well as on the Montana Railroad
and Public: Service Commission,
Words are ineffectual to describe the con-
tribution made by Tom Stout ',co this news-
paper, this community, and the State of
Montana. Suffice it to say he will be sadly
missed by all those who cherished his friend-
ship and by the wider circle of those who ad-
mired and enjoyed the fruits or his talents.
[From the Lewistown Democra., News, D
28, 1965]
TOM STOUT, EARLY-DAY PUBLISHER AND EDITOR,
DIES IN BILLINGS SUNDAY
two daughters, Mrs. Maxine Vincent of
Boston and Mrs. Barbara Shloss of Levittown,
N.Y.; two step daughters, Mrs. Edward Rech
of Greybull, Wyo., and Mrs. Lawrence Knopp
of Utrecht, Holland; eight grandchildren and
three great-grandchildren,
The Rev. Jess McGuire will officiate at the
funeral service with burial following in
Mountview Cemetery.
Active pallbearers will be Glen Carney, J.
Strand Hilleboe, Harold Seipp, Ross Bowman,
Wilbur Pique, and William Buckley.
Honorary pallbearers include former Sena-
tor Burton K. Wheeler, Senator MIKE MANS-
FIELD, W. C. Rae, J. H. Dickey, Jr., Harry E.
Lay, Earl McGinnis, Dan Whetstone, J. Rusty
Larcombe? A E. Wilkinson, E. K. Cheadle, Joe
Montgomery, William Schmidlapp, Erwin
Jucldo and A. S. d'Autremont.
HE DANGEROUS SITUATION
ALONG THE VIETNAMESE-
CAM-BODIAN BORDER
Tom Stout, 86, founder of this newspaper, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
and one of central Montana's most promi- call the attention of the Senate to a re-
fent figures for half a century, died Sunday cent editorial in the New York Times
in Billings.. Funeral services hive been set which refers to the highly danerous
for Wednesday at 2:30 P.M. at the Settergen- g Carey Funeral Home in Billings situation along the Vietnamese-Cam-
Stout first came to Lewistown in November bodian b:Order. It discusses the threat
1902. to accept a job as a repot ter on John by Cambodian Prince Sihanouk to ask
Vrooman's newspaper, the Fergus County for foreign help-presumbaly from Com-
Argus. In 1904 he and Harry J. Kelly munist China-if American commanders
started the Fergus County Democrat, later launch attacks into the northeastern
buying the Lewistown nemnnro i ,.ro..,..
out the State te for his e xcellent a, litarials. He The answer to the Cambodian problem
served as Seditor tate for
and publisher e the Lewis- s. He cannot be found through wider war, but
only th
town Democrat News until he sold the paper ese peace widening the present Vietnam-
in :1946. During the 1947-60 he wrote edi-
torials se peace offensive.
for the Billings Gazette. This problem is touched on in the re-
Active in ]Democratic politics from the time port to the Senate by Senators A:rKEN,
he came to Montana, Stout was elected State
senator from Fergus County Ia 1911 and MUSKIE, I:NOUYE, BOGGS and myself which
again in 1913. He resigned as Slate senator was made after our recent tour of south-
in 1913 to become Representative at Large in east Asia. The report states the fol-
the U.S, Congress. He was sworn in stand- lowing:
ing between Sam Rayburn and John Nance Cambodia, in a different manner and to
Garner, both of whom were also Starting their a much lesser extent than Lao ,
s is already
tern In the Legislature. He was reelected to directly touched by the fighting in Vietnam.
another term at the next election, but did There are repeated charges that Cambodian
not seek reelection in 1916, and returned to territory is being used as a base for Viet-
the newspaper in Lewistown, tong operations. That is possible in view
Ili 1930 he was elected to the Mcntana Rail- of the remoteness and obscurity of the bor-
road and Public Service Commission. He was der but there is no firm evidence of any such
a candidate to the Democratic national con- organized usage and no evidence whatsoever
vention in 1908 and to all State conventions that any alleged usage of Cambodian soil
from 1904 to 1946. is with the sanction, much less the assistance,
Stout was elected a Fergus County State of the Cambodian Government. Prince
representative in 1942 and was relected in Sihanouk responded Immediately to a recent
1944: and 1946. allegation that the Cambodian
Not only prominent for his achievements Sihanoukville is being used to transsh sop
in the newspaper field and -
poi;tics, Stout plies to the Vietcong by calling for an in-
also gained recognition as a writer with his vestigation by the International Control
three-volume "History of Montana- pub- Commission. which was set up under the
lished in 1922, The history was considered Geneva Accords of 1954.
standard equipment in newspaper offices all Cambodia's overwhelming concern is the
over the State, preservation of its national iltegr:it
Stout was one of 13 charter r:,ambers of in times past, has been repeatedly violated
the Lewistown Rotary organized in 1916 and by more powerful neighbors and is still sub-
served as its first president. When he left Jett to occasional forays from a minor dissi-
T ewistown he continued as an honorary dent movement (the Khmer Serai) which
member of the Lewistowa organization until has been allowed to base itself in the neigh-
the time of his death, boring nations. Cambodia seeks reeogni Lion
Tom Stout was born May 20, IS79, at New and respect of its borders by all parties to
London, Mo., a son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob E. the conflict. It asks to be left to live in
Stout. He received his formal education at peace so that it may concentrate on its own
Warrensburg State Normal School and the problems a:nd internal development. The
University of Missouri at Columbia, He Cambodians have made great internal prog-
studi.ed law and was admitted to the Missouri ress, largely through their own efforts sup-
bar in 1901 and to the Montana bar in 1913, plemented by a judicious use of aid from the
but never practiced. United States in the past and from other
In 1904 he married 1,elah Wunderlin of nations both in the past and at the present
Lewistown, who preceded him in death- time. They have a eaceful and He married. Sibyl Sherlock in Helena on nation with. an intense sense Ofrnational
August 12, 1936. Besides the widow, he is sur- unity and loyalty to Prince Sihanouk,
vived by a son, Coleman Stout, city editor The fact that fighting in South Vietnam
of the Current-Argun at Carlsbad. N. Mex.; has raged close to the border and there have,
vo.:~pm^w~e~+n~+a~msA~mmmmr x:~m ni"IIo r
xr,
eau ued" o
pprov'"F.'1'"~"6
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January 17, 1966
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 341
which is the situation today. He will have
direct control over the new Assistant Secre-
tary for the Federal Housing Administra-
tion-a post that replaces that of FHA Com-
missioner, over whom he now has little stat-
utory authority-and he can do whatever he
likes with the Community Facilities Admin-
istration, the Urban Renewal Administration,
and the Public Housing Administration.
Secondly, the act creating the Department
suggests, rather vaguely, that the new Secre-
tary of H.U.D.-now known as "HUD" in
Washington parlance-do what he can to
coordinate the efforts of other agencies, in-
cluding his own, to keep the cities from
falling into complete chaos. Thus the post
of "urban coordinator" will be important.
This post was established in the act to help
pull together Federal urban programs into
one, smoothly orchestrated operation.
So the new Secretary will have some im-
portant powers, whatever Mr. Johnson does
with the task force recommendations. But
there is one fly in the ointment. If the Sec-
retary acquires no new functions other than
the housing function over which he has ruled
since .1961, then his power will depend on his
ability to make other Government agencies
with urban programs coordinate. And this,
in turn, will depend on whether or not the
President supports him.
This issue, too, is in doubt. Mr. Johnson
kept Mr. Weaver hanging for 4 months while
he searched for somebody else to head the De-
partment. Mr. Weaver is a very good man,
but the President's long talent hunt sug-
gested that the White House felt there was
somebody, somewhere, who was better.
POWERS
Then, too, Mr. Weaver had managed to
anger many powerful special interest groups
in the urban field, although it is hard to con-
template a housing administrator who would
not. The mayors, for example, complained
that they could not get the necessary funds
of their urban renewal plans got caught up
in all kinds' of unnecessary redtape.
The upshot of all this is that Mr. Weaver-
who turned down several excellent offers
while waiting for the President to make up
his mind-comes to his new post under rather
unfavorable auspices.
With the President's support he can be an
excellent administrator, an innovator, and
a salesman with Congress. He can transform
a housing agency into a creative and power-
ful force in American life. Without the
President's support, he may end up being
just another housing administrator.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, I believe it appropriate to point out
that we have heard discussions of dis-
crimination in the consideration of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil
Rights Act of 1965. It is worth noting
that the Senate discriminated in favor
of Mr. Weaver.
The Senate came to the unanimous
conclusion that the nomination should
be considered without lying over for 1
day as the rules require. A single objec-
tion, of course, would have delayed the
nomination.
The reason that the Senate saw fit
to act in this regard as to Robert C.
Weaver is that he has performed well in
his present position many functions he
will have as a member of the President's
Cabinet. He performed those functions.
I have heard no charge or suggestion
that, he would do anything other than
his duty as the merciful God permits
him to do that duty and to see the facts
as they come before him.
On that basis, just as the Senate gave
its consent that the nomination be con-
sidered, I urge that the nomination be
confirmed.
The PRESIDING OFFICFIR. With-
out objection, the nomination is con-
firmed.
ROBERT C. WOOD
The legislative clerk read the nomina-
tion of Robert C. Wood to be Undersec-
retary of the Department of Housing and
Urban Development.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection the nomination is con-
firmed.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask unanimous consent that the
President be immediately notified of the
confirmation of the nominations.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, the President will be noti-
fied forthwith.
LEGISLATIVE SESSION
On request of Mr. LONG of Louisiana,
and by unanimous consent, the Senate
resumed the consideration of legislative
business.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask unanimous consent that the
Senate return to morning hour business.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objections4, it is so ordered.
MANSFIELD-AIKEN MISSION
REPORT
Mrs. SMITH. Mr. President, an ex-
cellent article has been written on the
Mansfield-Aiken mission and on the re-
port of that extremely important and
carefully selected "blue ribbon" sena-
torial group. It is an article by Vic
Maerki in the January 10, 1966 issue of
the Burlington Free Press. Mr. Maerki
knows whereof he speaks because he is no'
stranger to the Washington scene as he
has delved deeply into the legislative
operations of our Federal Government
from both the aspect of a working mem-
ber of the press and a hard working leg-
islative staff assistant.
He accords to the Mansfield-Aiken
mission and its report the seriousness,
dignity and recognition it so richly
merits. I call the attention of the Sen-
ate particularly to the last paragraph of
his article in which he states:
Whether the conclusions by these two dis-
tinguished national leaders are valid or not,
they have done the United States a service
by voicing their opinions on the eve of the
opening of a session of the Congress that will
surely be the forum for a widening-and per-
haps, climactic-national dialog on the
subject.
To this I would add my own personal
comment that whether one agrees with
the findings, conclusions and opinions
expressed in the Mansfield-Aiken mission
report or subscribes to their position, it
must be recognized that this is the deadly
serious work of respected, eminently
capable and dedicated natictial leaders.
I ask unanimous consent that the
Maerki article be placed in the RECORD at
this point and invite the attention of all
Senators to it.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ONCE OVER LIGHTLY
(By Vic Maerkl)
In the 74th year of a life that has spanned
two world wars and a series of smaller con-
flicts, U.S. Senator GEORGE D. AIKEN, Republi-
can, of Vermont, is trying his hardest to help
his country prevent world war III.
To that end, the wise old Vermonter has
joined in a grim report to President Johnson
that warns the only alternative to a general
war in Asia may be an unpopular and un-
satisfactory negotiated settlement of the
conflict in Vietnam.
It has become apparent in recent days that
AIKEN has become convinced that the United
States will have to strike some painful bar-
gain in Vietnam to reduce the danger of that
war spreading into a world conflict.
The grim substance of AIKEN'S feelings
have already been made public by U.S. Sena-
tor MIKE MANSFIELD, Democrat, of Montana,
the Senate majority leader.
AIKEN was one of four Senators who ac-
companied MANSFIELD on a world mission
whose major purpose was to compile facts
on the war in Vietnam and on the world
attitude toward the war.
The formal report of the MANSFIELD mission
was made public this week, but the Nation
and the world have had little word on the
private, oral report MANSFIELD gave the
President on December 19, the day after the
five Senators returned to this country.
But AIKEN and others close to MANSFIELD
have suggested the Senator majority leader's
report to the President was even grimmer
than the formal report, if that is possible.
The evidence is that MANSFIELD told the
President that there is very little hope that
the United States will be able to negotiate the
kind of settlement in Vietnam that all
Americans are hoping for.
AIKEN has already suggested that he and
MANSFIELD feel the best the United States
can hope for is a kind of settlement that will
provide a limited type of "peace" in South
Vietnam.
MANSFIELD and AIKEN appear to agree that
that prompt efforts by the United States
might lead to a negotiated settlement of the
widening conflict between the United States
and regular North Vietnamese troops who
take their orders from Hanoi.
At the same time, the two Senate leaders
are making it clear that they feel that kind
of settlement would do little, if anything, to
end the war of terror being waged against
the South Vietnamese Government by the
Vietcong guerrillas.
That suggestion, of course, is not the kind
of proposal that either President Johnson or
his key advisers want to make to this Na-
tion or to the world. It is not the kind of
"peace" that Americans-including MANS-
FIELD and AIKEN-want to accept.
But, AIKEN and MANSFIELD have-in the
strongest possible terms-warned the Pres-
ident that the United States is nearing the
point of no return to Vietnam, a point at
which the alternative to an unsatisfactory
negotiated settlement may bb a general war
in Asia.
AIKEN has made it clear to friends that
he has given his unqualified support to all
the private recommendations MANSFIELD has
given to the President, and Johnson is aware
of that support.
There have also been growing indications
that the Mansfield report to President John-
son on December 19 may have contributed
subtsantially to Johnson's decision to sus-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE January 17,
pend the bombing raids against North Viet..
Danl.
AIKEN and MANSFIELD are old friends.
AIKEN and Johnson are old friends and the
President, at AIKEN'S birthday party last
year, called the Vermont Senator "a great
American" and a colleague whose wisdom
and counsel lie valued highly.
Neither MANSFIELD or AIKEN have taken
an extreme position in the Vietnam dilem-
ura. Unlike some of the other leaders in
Washington, MANSFIELD and AIKEN have not
pretended their suggestions can guarantee a
solution to the struggle In southeast Asia.
MANSFIELD and AIKEN have been in the
center of the moderate position in the Viet-
Dam, debate. and their major contribution
to that debate so far has been to make it
clear that there can be no simple solution
to the complex problem.
Neither MANSFIELD or AIKEN is willing to
sacrifice the honor of the United States in.
Asia, and they have made it clear despite
the suggestions of some of their critics to the
contrary.
But, they have warned that insistence on
unconditional surrender in Vietnam is not
consistent with the facts they found unless
the United States is prepared to risk general
war in Asia.
In short, AIKEN and his old friend MANS-
are arguing that this Nation should
lace the prospect that there can be no clean.,
simple solution to a dirty, complicated situa-
tion.
Whether the conclusions by these two
distinguished national leaders are valid or
not, they have done the United States a
service by voicing their opinions on the
eve of the opening of a session of the Con-
gress that will. surely be the forum for a
widening-arid perhaps, climatic-national
dialog on the subject.
` O'IEACE OFFENSIVE IN VIETNAM
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, all of us
must continue to hope and pray that the
peace offensive for Vietnam, instituted
by the President, will be successful. My
concern today is over what appears to be
a difference of opinion at lower levels in,
the administration as to what the United.
:'dates should do in the event the cur-
rent effort to stop the killing and to begin.
the talking around the conference table,
should be unsuccessful.
Il this connection, I believe an ex-?
trelnely important editorial, entitled!
"After the Pause," was published in the
Washington Post yesterday. I ask unani-
mous consent that the text of the editor-
i.otic power; but it cannot abide A decade later, the Federal Trade Commis- within the power of Congress to command
the pure atmosphere of political liberty and Sion sought to compel the production of a and that the records sought be relevant to
personal freedom." corporation's records, contracts, niemoran_ the inquiry; (3) adequate, but not excessive,
Eight years later, the Supreme Court re- specification of documents to be produced.'
viewed a case in which a similar issue was m Boyd v. United States, supra note B. Mr. Justice Murphy dissented?? He was
raised.'' The Interstate Commerce Commis- 7 Interstate Commerce Commission v. unable to approve the use of nonjudicial
sion was granted power to compel testimony. Brimson, supra note 14 at 478. subpenas issued by administrative agents.
the appearance of witnesses and the produc- "Administrative law has increased greatly
220 U.S. 107 (1911). in the past few years and seems destined to
flan of books, papers, etc" The power was ,? The Court did not decide the issue of
to be exercised pursuant to the Commission's whether the fifth amendment had been be augmented even further in the future.
duty to regulate the common carriers under violated as that issue was not raised. The But attending the growth should be a new
their jurisdiction. The Commission wished Court did explicitly hold that the fourth and broader sense of responsibility on the
to question the defendant about the reason- amendment was not violated. Ibid. part of administrative agencies and officials.
ableness of his rates. He refused to testify "'Baltimore & Ohio R.R. v. Interstate Excessive use or abuse of authority can not
or to produce his books or other records. Commerce Commission, 221 U.S. 612 (1911);
The Court (lid not reach the merits in the Cf. Wilson v. United States, 221 U.S. 361 2' Federal Trade Commission v. American.
' 116 U.S. 616 (1886). (1911). Tobacco Co., 264 U.S. 298 (1924).
?'l'he compulsory production of the in- "Interstate Commerc .Act, pt. I. ? 7-9, 63 "Federal Trade Commission Act ? 9, 38
voices in effect incriminated the defendant Stat. 486, 49 U.S.C. ? 20 (1949). Section 20 Stat. 722, 15 U.S.C. ? 49 (1914).
sets out the type of reports is that may be re- 21 Federal Trade Commission v. American
though civil p .
the action for as in the nature of a
civil rocecal.ing foforfeiture of goods. Mr. quired by the Commission to be kept and Tobacco Co., supra note 23 at 305, 306.
Justice Bradley wrote: "We are also clearly which the Commission can inspect. -'327U.S. 186 (1946).
the ou -= 201 U.S. 43 (1906). Defendant Hale was r The decision was handed down 5 years
for that the insttuted. r the purpose of f declaring g the forfeiture of subpenaed to appear before a grand jury to after United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100
a man's property by reason of offenses com.- testify on the conduct of his company in (1941) which held that Congress can require
initted by him, though they may be civil its. relation to the anti-trust laws. Hale refused records to be maintained as a means of en.
for.. are is their nature criminal." Id. at to testify or to produce his books and papers. forcing an otherwise invalid law. The
633. In a seven to two decision, Mr. Justice Brown records were kept pursuant to the Fair Labor
?' Id. at 622. pronounced the personal nature of the Standards Act of 1938.
" Id. at 6?0. privilege against self-incrimination. In addi- `'x 52 Stat, 1060, 29 U.S.C. ? ? 201 et seq.
"' "Illegitimate and unconstitutional prac tion, a corporation as a creature of the state, (1938).
Liens et their first footing * * * by silent depending on the state for its existence, must a0 Mr. Justice Rutledge, writing for the
get to an inquiry when the state sought majority, did caution against excessive in-
legal slight deviations from the
]egal modes of procedure. This can only to elicit whether not the corporation had quiries by administrative agencies: "Offi-
be obviated by adhering to the rule that con- violated its privileged status bestowed by clans examination can be expensive, so mulch
stitutional provisions for the security of per- the state. Cf. Foster v. United States, 265 so, that eats up men's substance. It can be
:,on and property should be liberally con- F. 2d 183 (2d Cir. 1959), cert. denied 360 time consuming, clogging the processes of
strued." Id. at 635. U.S. 912 (1959) wherein the taxpayer and business. It can become persecution when
,.. Id. at 6:31. his bank were not allowed to raise the fourth carried beyond reason." Oklahoma Press
I' Interstate Commerce Commission v. amendment as protection against examina- Publishing Co. v. Walling, supra note 26 at
Brimson, 154 U.S. 447 (1894). tion of the bank's records pertaining to the 213.
l" Interstate Commerce Act, pt. I, ch. 109:, taxpayer; Zimmerman v. Wilson, 105 F. 2d 31 Oklahoma Press Publishing Co. v. Wall-
? 12, 24 Stat. 383 (1887). 583 (3rd Cir. 1939). ing, supra note 26 at 218. .
 394
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE January 17. 1966
ul bne.enect or the acceleration of corporate
tax payments enacted in 1964.
At the time the bill was being considered
we prepared estimates of the effect of the
acceleration, assuming that corporate profits
continued, at the 1963 levels. These esti-
mates are as follows:
Effect of acceleration of corporate tax
payment
Millions
1964------------------------------- +$230
1965------------------------------- +710
1966 ------------------------------- +1,260
1967------------------------------- + 1,340
1968------------------------------- -f 1,340
1969------------------------------- +890
1970------------------------------- +800
1971------------------------------- d-130
1972------------------------------- 0
The actual level of corporate profits in-
creased in 1964 and again in 1965. The tax
collections reported by the Internal Revenue
do not separate the accelerated payments,
but from the collections as reported we esti-
mate that the effect of the acceleration in
the fiscal year 1965 was close to $1 billion.
For the current fiscal year, 1966, we now ex-
pect that the speed-up will increase receipts
by an amount between $11/2 and $2 billion.
We use a range for this year because we do
not have a firm figure for corporate profits
in 1966, and we have not carried the revision
through the years beyond 1966.
I hope this information meets your needs.
Sincerely yours,
LAURENCE N. WOODWORTH,
Chief of Staff.
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Mr
President, I wish to make one further
comment about truth in government.
That pertains to the Commodity Credit
Corporation. The Commodity Credit
Corporation has borrowing authority up
to $14.5 billion. As of their most recent
statement they owed the U.S. Govern-
ment $12,129,383,000.
On that same date, the investment
that was in inventory and loans to Com-
modity Credit Corporation was only
$6,233,896,646. If the Government were
able to liquidate its entire holdings of
agricultural commodities and obtain in
return therefor the full Investment plus
all storage costs-which we do not be-
lieve they can do-it would amount to
$6,233 billion, or a deficit of $5,895 bil-
lion.
This actual loss has not been faced by
the administration in its budgetary re-
quests, with the result that a true Pic-
ture of our deficit is reduced by that
amount.
A truth-in-government policy would
correct this misleading Information.
This neary $6 billion does not consist
entirely of last year's deficit. Part of it
is last year's, and part of it is from the
year before. It relates to the last 2 or
3 years. However, they are deficits which
have been realized but not written off.
The Senator from Florida [Mr. HOL-
LAND] last year tried to get Congress to
recognize that method as being unrealis-
tic and unfair, and tried to get Congress
to appropriate money so that we could
show the true cost.
I supported the Senator on that pro-
posal, and I complimented him on his
effort. However, we were not successful
because the administration did not want
the American people to know that there
is another $5 billion that has been spent.
The administration did not want to ad-
mit the true deficit.
Mr. President, we need truth in gov-
ernment. While the administration has
this subject on its mind and is advocating
the need for truth in lending and pack-
aging all I ask is that it start practic-
ing what it is preaching and give us
some truth in Government. The admin-
istration should tell the American peo-
ple just exactly what these programs will
cost and what will happen to the Amer-
ican dollar if spendthrift policies of this
administration are continued.
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. I yield.
Mr. SIMPSON. I compliment the
Senator from Delaware on the excellent
presentation that he has made to the
Senate today. It is very important that
this subject be taken into consideration
during our deliberations in the Senate.
It is my understanding that the na-
tional payroll of Federal employees will
exceed more than $21/Z million this year.
The administration has already con-
fessed that bills passed in the last ses-
sion will call for the employment of an
additional 100,000 employees. Does the
Senator know what that would add to
the deficit?
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. I do not
have the exact figures, but the amount
would be substantial, i assure the Sena-.
tor. There is no question that those extra
people will be employed. As I said before,
the Government has access to no mys-
terious sources of Income. It distributes
back to the taxpayers a part of what it
takes from them in the first instance. As
we establish these new programs we in-
evitably establish a new bureaucracy.
That is why I say that the taxpayers
are bound to lose in connection with
these Federal aid programs. About 20
percent of the amount involved will be
used to pay the salaries of the bureauc-
racy which will be set up here in Wash-
ington to distribute the money to the
taxpayers. This bureaucracy will be set
up for the purpose of distributing the
money back to the taxpayers and telling
them how to spend it.
No one gets anything for nothing out
of the Federal Government. Some day
we will wake, up to that truth.
ETTERS TO VIETNAM SOLDIERS
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, some fine young students at
Woodrow Wilson High School, Beckley,
W. Va., recently wrote open letters to
American soldiers In Vietnam, and the
letters were published in the Beckley
Raleigh Register.
The letters bear evidence of the fine
spirit which I believe is more prevalent
among American youth than is the re-
grettable attitude shown by a small mi-
nority of sudents, which has been given
wide and damaging publicity as a result
of the demonstrations and protest
marches against our Nation's role in
southeast Asia.
I commend the Junior Historian Club
of Woodrow Wilson High School for its
activities in this sphere, and for the
breadth of vision shown by initiating
this correspondence, and I particularly
congratulate Nicky Joe Rahall, Cheryl
Toombs, Mike Griffith, and Peggy Mc-
Gowan for their forthright and articu-
late patriotic expressions. It is interest-
ing to note that Nicky Joe Rahall won
top honor in the 1965 "Voice of Democ-
racy" contest in Raleigh County and
went on to compete for the district title.
He is an example of the worthwhile
young people coming to maturity in my
State. The son of a prominent Beckley,
W. Va., businessman, he is also the
grandson of an immigrant from Lebanon
who over 50 years ago peddled merchan-
dise over the hills and among the coal-
mining community in the Beckley area
of West Virginia and who, in later years,
made significant contributions to the
community life of the region.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
letters, as published by the newspaper,
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the pub-
lished letters were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
[From the Beckley (W. Va..) Raleigh Regis-
ter, Nov.?, 1965]
BECELEIY, W. VA.,
November 1963.
DEAR SOLDIERS IN VIETNAM, The members
of our club, as citizens of the great country
you are fighting for, wish to thank you for
all you are doing for us in Vietnam.
Our country was established by people
who were deeply concerned that the rights of
men should not be violated. The United
States has always stood for these rights.
This Nation has waged great wars to protect
our own people and people of other nations
from despotic rulers. Is this country to
change its policy now?
No, now more than ever before, the United
States is needed to combat communism and
preserve the American tradition. Now, more
than ever before, the individual soldier is
important in defending this tradition which
millions in years past have lived and died to
defend. Mere numbers of troops cannot win
this war, only the determination of every
man to do his duty.
We are concerned about every American
soldier in Vietnam. Through newspapers
and television we see the kind of life you
must live. We hope that through this short
message we can show just a small amount of
appreciation for the work you must do. We
also wish that each and every American
would express to you the thankfulness we
feel as you defend our homes, families, and
countries on the other side of the world.
Again thank you. May God grant to you
a safe and speedy return to America.
JUNIOR HISTORIAN CLUB,
Woodrow Wilson High School.
The Junior Historian Club of Woodrow
Wilson High School has gone on record as
supporting the U.S. role in Vietnam in con-
trast with many extremist youths through-
out the country who are staging organized
protest.
The junior historians state their policy in
the above letter.
A series of four articles written by junior
historians on the war will appear in thk
week's Register.
[From the Beckley (W. Va..) Raleigh Regis-
ter, Nov. 8, 1965]
DEAR VIETNAM SOLDIER
(EDITORS NoTE.-This 3s the first of a series
of four letters supporting American's role in
Vietnam. The articles are written by mem-
bers of the Junior Historian Club at Woodrow
Wilson High School.)
To AMERICAN MEN Ile VIETNAM: Our
prayers are with you and our praise Is for
you. America stands tall because of your
courage.
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January 17, 1966
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
emary to appeal for public charity. And
the spendthrift policies of the Great So-
ciety are responsible for this gradual ero-
sion of the value of the dollar.
This Government cannot spend itself
into prosperity on borrowed money any
more than a man can go out on Monday
morning and drink himself sober. One
is as ridiculous as the other.
The Great Society must accept the full
responsibility of the inflation which they
have deliberately planned.
1 f we study the history of inflation in
any country we will find that inflation
d acs not hurt the big man. Most of the
investments owned by such people con-
sist of fixed assets, stocks, securities, or
perhaps television stations. The more
wealthy own X percent of America,
whether it is valued at $1 million or $2
million. It would not make any differ-
ence. He would still own X percent of
America, and as inflation expands, his
r.et, worth increases.
However, a workingman or a man who
is trying to live on a fixed salary or a
tension is the one who really suffers
Estimated revenue effects on President's tax
proposals (assuming mar. 15, 1966 enact-
ment)
[Jn millions of dollars]
I Receipts increase
1. Excises:
Local and lone-flistarlee
telephone, and teletype-
writer service (il effective
Apr. 1.1976)-- -
Automohiles (if effective
Mar. 15, 19116) -. - ----------
2. Corporate focorno taxpayme.nt
speedup (if effective Apr. 15,
196f) -
3. Graduated withholdi eg system
for individual income taxes
(if effective May 1, 1'966) _--__-
Total (a(lrninistrotive budg-
et effect)_---------------
4. Sellouiployuieut tax, social
tern payment
ar
1
year
196)1
'a5
1, 155
Fiscal
year
1967
. y
)loc n
sc (I
00 166
(i f e f fective f une 15, 1966)
1 Estimate refers to effect upon cash 1)udget receipt
Source: Office of the Secretary of the'1'roasury, Oflcc
of Tax Analysis, January 1966.
7.'HE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY,
Washington, December 17, 1965.
Hon. JOHN J. WILLIAMS,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DImAR SENATOR WILLIAMS: The following
information is supplied in response to your
letter of December 3, which was previously
acknowledged.
1. The acceleration of corporate tax pay-
ments provided in the Revenue Act of 1964
produced estimated additional receipts of
approximately one and a quarter billion dol-
lars during fiscal years 1964 and 1965 com-
bined.
2. Seigniorage profits on the new coinage
will depend upon the production necessary
to catch up with current demands and meet
future demands for coins. Seigniorage in
fiscal years 1966 and 1967 combined has been
estimated at from under $1.5 to $2.5 billion.
These estimates are under review in connec-
under inflation, and he is the man who
cannot afford it.
I believe that it is high time that we
have a true truth.-in-government policy
and that this administration should
stop trying to camouflage the costs of its
program with a lot of fancy labels in an
attempt to deceive the American people.
The administration should tell the
people exactly what these programs cost
and what the deficit is. Instead they
are pauperizing the aged in this country
and promoting a policy by which the
rich get richer and the poor get poorer.
't'he administration is pauperizing the
very people for whom they are express-
.ng sympathy and shedding crocodile
tears.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that there be incorporated in the
RECORD a statement by the Secretary of
the Treasury showing how these accel-
erated payments on the corporate taxes
and graduated withholding will increase
the tax revenues in the fiscal years 1966
and 1967. These are the figures which
I have just outlined. In addition, I ask
unanimous consent that there be printed
at this point in the REcoRD a letter signed
by the Secretary of the Treasury under
i.ile date of December 17, signed by Joseph
W. Barr, Acting Secretary, in which he
outlines the $2.5 billion profit that can
accrue as a result of the so-called sei-
gniorage, or the changing of the silver
content of the.coins. I also ask unani-
inous consent that a statement dated
January 6, 1966, by the Joint Committee
howing the result of ac-
ti
,
on s
on Taxa
celeration of the corporate taxes under Seigniorage from coinage has always been a
continuing, although minor, receipt item.
th
e
the 1964 law. The first chart shows
results of the suggestion contained in The bulge in seigniorage receipts expected
in fiscal years 1966 and 1967 represents large-
flue President's message. ly a catching up on the sharp rise in demands
There being no objection, the material for coins in the past several years.
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 8. Profits, t ffrom a13 sale of million during bullion
as follows:
tion with the 1967 budget. Beyond these
years, after the backlog in demand has been
met, seigniorage receipts can be expected to
fall sharply,-perhaps to $200 to $300 million
per year.
Se:igniorage profits are covered into the
general fund of the Treasury as miscella-
neous budget receipts. Minor amounts are
automatically appropriated for expenses of
coinage distribution and wastage, and the
costs of alloy metals used in subsidiary sil- gold is offset by an increase (decrease) in his
ver coins, but otherwise seigniorage is not deposit balances. For this reason, these
earmarked for specific purposes. Again, in sales do not affect budget expenditures nor
connection with the 1967 budget, President the deficit. Sales of gold, of course, reduce
Johnson has requested Secretary Fowler, the our total gold reserves.
Chairman of the Council of Economic Ad- Sincerely yours.
visers, and the Director of the Bureau of the JOSEPH W. BARB,
Budget to study the accounting treatment Acting Secretary.
accorded seigniorage and to make appro-
pri.ate recommendations. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
i
t
p
Whether seigniorage is an artificial rece
JOINT COMMITTEE ON INTERNE..
is, of course, a matter of definition. REVENUE TAXATION,
Or not
fiscal years 1961-65. Receipts from this
source are covered into the general fund of
the Treasury as miscellaneous budget
receipts.
4. Proceeds from the sales or disposition
from the strategic and critical materials
stockpile during the fiscal years 1961--1965
amounted to $595.5 million. This was
covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous
budget receipts. Of the total amount, $49.9
million was set aside in a special fund to
cover the major portion of the costs of ac-
quisition and operations of the strategic and
critical materials stockpile. The remainder,
$545.6 million, was used to support general
fund expenditures. The year-by-year re-?
ceipts were as follows:
[In millions of dollars]
1961--------------------------------- 80.1
1962--------------------------------- 53?6
1963--------------------------------- 74.0
1964--------------------------------- 129.5
1965--------------------------------- 258.5
The original purchases of materials in the
national stockpile were reflected as budget
expenditures at the time the purchase trans-
actions took place. The proceeds from subse-
quent disposal of surplus materials from the
stockpile are covered into the Treasury as
miscellaneous receipts.
Inventories accumulated under provision
of the Defense Production Act of 1950, while
separate from the strategic and critical ma-
terials stockpile (national stockpile) discus-
sed above, are reflected in the determina-
tion of total stockpile objectives and as such
are included by some in their definition of
national stockpile. Proceeds from the sales
from the Defense Production Act inventory
during fiscal years 1961-1965 amounted to
$192.3 million. These proceeds are treated as
income to a public enterprise revolving fund
and are thus deducted from the funds ex-
penses in arriving at net budget expendi-
tures. The year-by-year sales the Defense
Production Act inventory were as follows:
[In millions of dollars]
1961 ---------------------------------- 34.0
1962----------------------------------- 37.8
1963---------------------------------- 145
1964--------- ------------------------ 31.6
1965------------------------------------ 797.4
5. The Treasury gold stock on December
31, 1964, amounted. to $15,388 million. On
December 6, 1965, the total was $13,809 mil-
lion. The decrease is principally the result
of foreign purchases of gold although total
sales included moderate domestic sales for
industrial and artistic purposes.
Sales (or purchases) of gold, whether do-
mestic or foreign, are treated as exchanges of
Washington, January 6, 1966.
Hon. JOHN J. WILLIAMS,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR WILLIAMS: This is in reply
to your request to Mr. Vail, chief clerk of the
Senate Committee on Finance, for estimates
" 3` '
,Raga ?0 0012- 3
40001
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January 17, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
As you probably know there have been
demonstrations here In the United States
against the American policy in Vietnam and
against our very presence in Asia. Please
rest assured that this is a minority move-
ment, the work of what you might call "ex-
tremists," who you will probably find have
been against everything that is done by the
United States.
These groups, in my opinion, are unedu-
cated as to why we are fighting in Vietnam
and they do not realize that the future of
the United States is indirectly Involved.
They should realize that the failure or with-
drawal of American troops would be disas-
trous for democracy and help establish a
larger Communist foothold in the world with
the next step coming down on the United
States directly.
When my military career approaches, as it
soon will, I would not hesitate to fight in
Vietnam for my country.
Most of the American hearts are with you
in Vietnam.
Men, thanks for doing your best, and I
hope you can feel the support of the Ameri-
can people behind you. We want to see you
in the near future living here in the
United States and enjoying the fruits
of your labor. Upon you, our men in Viet-
nam, rests the destiny of the United States
of America.
Sincerely,
[From the Beckley (W. Va..) Raleigh Regis-
ter, Nov. 9, 1965]
DEAR VIETNAM SOLDIER
(EDITOR'S NOTE.-This is the second in a
series of letters written by members of the
Junior Historians Club of Woodrow Wilson
High School to servicemen in Vietnam.)
To OUR BRAVE FIGHTING MEN: Your purpose
in Vietnam, your being in that strange coun-
try, is one of today's most honorable duties;
you are protecting the freedom of the entire
world, as well as that of your own country.
Without you, communism would take over
and then spread like a horrible plague all
over the world. You are guarding our very
lives as freemen, and yet some condemn
you for it.
I wonder if they ever really thought about
what living under a tryannical government
such as that of Russia would mean. Do they
realize that, without our boys in Vietnam,
Russia's communism would sweep over
America, and future generations would be
brought up knowing freedom no more-ex-
cept as something that existed long ago?
This letter is to let you know that I, for
one, am very grateful that you are there
to insure freedom, and highly commend
you for your part in the preservation of
democracy for mankind.
Sincerely,
MISS CHERYL TOOMBS.
[From the Beckley (W. Va..) Raleigh Regis-
ter, Nov. 10, 1965]
DEAR VIETNAM SOLDIER
To OUR Boys IN VIETNAM: Our efforts in
Vietnam have recently been questioned by
an organized protest from some of the stu-
dents in the United States. These groups
have been proven to be a minority group.
The predominate feeling, however, is backing
fullheartedly the administration's present
policy in Vietnam.
We realize that we have to stop Commu-
nist oppression now, for the consequences for
delaying our actions against these aggres-
sors will be much worse than our casualties
now.
We owe a great deal of gratitude to you
who are defending our principles in Vietnam.
The United States was founded and has sur-
.vived because of our determination to pre-
serve democracy. Only by this same de-
termination can the United States survive
in the future. Your supreme effort in Viet-
nam could possibly- be rewarded by the
establishment of a free and peaceful world
with no fear of aggression.
Sincerely,
[From the Beckley (W. Va..) Raleigh Regis-
ter, Nov. 12, 1966]
DEAR VIETNAM SOLDIER
(EDITOR'S NoTE.-This is the last of four
letters, written by members of the Woodrow
Wilson Junior Historian Club, dedicated to
fighting men in Vietnam.)
DEAR SOLDIERS: Keep fighting. The heavy
burden of preserving our democracy falls on
your shoulders. In your hands, you hold the
weapons to destroy the communism that is
slowly devouring our democracy. We have
spoken our policies. Now, we must fight for
them.
It was nearly two centuries ago when this
country was established. The world has since
wondered how long a democracy can exist?
Is it strong enough to back its policies by
force?
Up to this time, America has stunned the
world. She is a living example of a demo-
cracy, surviving in a world of communism.
Today, however, we face entirely new condi-
tions. Western Europe has recovered its eco-
nomic strength and military potential. Rus-
sia commands a vast war machine with a full
nuclear arsenal. Can our country stand up to
these powers?
America is not an imperialistic nation. Her
aim is to defend the rights of people in Viet-
nam and to stop the spread of communism.
Many Americans are against our policy in
Vietnam, They burn their draft cards, and
many go as far as to burn themselves. What
purpose does this accomplish?
Meanwhile in Vietnam, soliders trudge
through the hot sun for 21 cents an hour.
They face such problems as hunger, leeches,
disease and bullets. These men really stand
for something. They make me proud to be
an American.
Thank you, soldiers, for your outstanding
example and the great courage you have dis-
played in Vietnam. May God bless you and
bring you safely home to our beloved
America. -
A loyal West Virginian,
PEGGY MCGOWAN.
RETIREMENT OF DR. HUGH
ELSBREE
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, it was with regret that I
learned that Hugh L. Elsbree, Director of
the Legislative Reference Service in the
Library of Congress, will retire from that
position in February.
Dr. Elsbree has served the Federal Gov-
ernment with distinction for more than
21 years-19 of them in the Library of
Congress and the last 7 of them in his
present position. A political scientist of
wide repute and a dedicated public offi-
cial, Dr. Elsbree has earned the respect
and the confidence of the Congress
through his skillful and competent lead-
ership of the Legislative Reference Serv-
ice in a period when Congress has experi-
enced its greatest need for research as-
sistance.
L. Quincy Mumford, Librarian of Con-
gress, in announcing Dr. Elsbree's forth-
coming retirement, paid tribute to the
standards of excellence that Dr. Els-
bree has set for the analytical studies
and reports produced for Congress.
Dr. Elsbree came to theLibrary in 1945
as research counsel in the Legislative
Reference Service. He was already
splendidly equipped to take on the re
sponsible task of providing consultative
assistance to Members of the Congress.
A graduate of Harvard University, where
he received his B.A., M.A., and Ph. D. de-
grees in political science, he was also a
Sheldon traveling fellow in Paris and
Geneva. He joined the Harvard faculty
in 1928 and taught government there
until 1933.
In 1931 the Harvard University Press
published his study, "Interstate Trans-
mission of Electric Power," and in 1934
he had his first experience in public serv-
ice, acting for several months as a re-
search specialist for the Federal Power
Commission. From 1933 until 1943 he
was on the faculty of Dartmouth College,
holding the position of chairman of the
political science department from 1937
to 1941. He became a war service em-
ployee in 1943, serving as principal busi-
ness economist at the Office of Price Ad-
ministration until 1945, when he joined
the staff of the Bureau of the Budget as
administrative analyst. In November of
that year he went to the Legislative Ref-
erence Service of the Library of Congress.
In 1946, Dr. Elsbree was promoted to
senior specialist in American govern-
ment and public administration, the
highest research position in that subject
in the Legislative Reference Service, a
position, incidentally, created by the
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946
to provide Congress with the highest
level of staff assistance. His expert
analyses, his thorough background
briefings, his penetrating studies of leg-
islative issues, especially in the fields of
governmental reorganization and exec-
utive-legislative relations, were models
of professional staff competence. His
work was so highly regarded that several
congressional committees sought to bor-
row him for extended periods. In 1951-
52 Dr. Elsbree served as Acting Assistant
Director of the Service.
In 1954 the newly created Commis-
sion on Intergovernmental Relations-
the well-known "Kestnbaum Commis-
sion"-pressed the Library for his serv-
ices and he was released on loan. As
its deputy research director, Dr. Els-
bree provided unusual skill and leader-
ship for the Commission's complex task,
and he was highly praised for his role in
the successful conclusion of the study.
When he returned to the Library in
October 1955, he was appointed Deputy
Director of the Legislative Reference
Service. He left the Service for a brief
period in 1957 to accept the chairman-
ship of the political science depart-
ment at Wayne State University. In
1958 he came back to the Library to be
Director of the Legislative Reference
Service, and that he has served in that
capacity.since that time.
Dr. Elsbree has shaped and reshaped
the Legislative Reference Service to meet
Congress always changing and, it
seems, ever-enlarging needs, A recent
example of this administrative sensitiv-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 17, 1966
ity has been demonstrated when Dr..
Elsbree advocated and the Library ob-
tained congressional authorization to
establish a. Science Policy Research Di-
vision within the Service. This is now
providing assistance in the fields of
science and public policy, fields of
intense governmental involvement where
choices involving billions of Federal,
dollars are made each session.
Linder Dr. Elsbree's guidance, the work:
of the Service has had a profound.,
although usually unpublicized, effect on.
the legislation enacted by the Congress.
The Legislative Reference Service re-
searcher povides much basic information.
and many analyses which clarify the
problems and the issues, pinpoint the
strengths or weaknesses of proposed solu-
tions, evaluate the alternatives, and assist
in many other ways in facilitating the
legislative process. If the work of the
researcher for Congress is normally con-
fidential, it is nevertheless real and sub-
stantial, and the many commendations
which Dr. Elsbree and his able staff have
received from Members and committees
of Congress attest to it.
Fortunately for us in the Congress and
for the Library, Lester S. Jayson, who
has served as Dr. Elsbree's deputy for 4
years and who came to the Library as
chief of Legislative Reference Service's
American Law Division from the U.S.
Department of Justice where he had
served in various capacities for 10 years,
has been appointed as director of the
Service. 1. am confident that he will
carry on the traditions of the Service.
I know that my colleagues in the Con-
gress wish Dr. Elsbree well as he retires
and want to thank him for his selfless
and dedicated service to this body. It is
my information that January 27 will be
his last day of active duty.
MR. G ORGE J. TITLER-NEW
UMbVA VICE PRESIDENT
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, the United Mine Workers of
America has just chosen as its new vice
president Mr. George J. Titler of Beck-
ley, W. Va., a man who, in the truest
sense of the statement, "came up
through the ranks." From the days
when he labored as a coal miner, follow-
ing World War I, in the State of Iowa,
on through the years in which he subse-
quently served as head of UMWA Dis-
trict 29 at Beckley, he has been a ded:i--
cated advocate of measures to protect
and advance the interests of our Nation's
coal miners.
Tic is well known for his acts of hu..
manitarianism and generosity, such as
personally- providing a year of financial
assistance for various college freshmen.
The Beckley, W. Va., Post Herald and
Register en January 16 reported the ap--
po:.r..tmeni of Mr. Titler as UMWA vice
president, and I request unanimous con-
sent to have this newspaper article
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WASHINGTON.-George J. Titler. of Beck-
ley, W. Va., was chosen Saturday as the new
vice president of the United Mine Workers
Union.
The $40,000-a-year job in the part has been
a steppingstone to the presidency of the
independent union, now held by W. A.
(Tony) Boyle.
Tiller, 70, at present is head of UMW Dis-
trict 29, at Beckley.
His selection as vice president was by
unanimous approval of the executive board,
a UMW spokesman said.
The board had been considering the selec-
tion of a vice president for the past week.
The post became vacant with the retirement
of Raymond O. Lewis, brother of former
UMW President John L. Lewis.
Titter, a native of Pennsylvania, served
in World War I. After that he worked in
the coal mines of Iowa for 15 years. In 1937
he was sent by the UMW to Harlan County,
Ky., where he was head of an organizing
drive which ended in 1941. He transferred
that year to West Virginia where he has lived
ever since.
Others in the running were Joe Yablonski,
president of district 5 in western Pennsyl-
vania; Harrison Combs, assistant director of
the union's legal department; and John M.
Kmetz of Nanticoke, Pa., director of the
union.
'i'itler became president of district 29 in
1942.
Although considered the dark horse candi-
date this year, Titler is no stranger to the
political wars of the UMW.
In 1947 he was mentioned as a possible
successor to John O'Leary, UMW vice presi-
dent., who died of a heart attack.. And in
1953 he was named by Coal Age magazine
as one of the five strongest contenders to take
the chair of UMW President John L. Lewis.
Since his election as secretary-treasurer of
district 17 of the UMW in 1942, Titler has
been a controversial figure.
He was noted as vehemently opposed to the
Taft--Hartley bill, which, he charged, was
written to destroy the union.
In 1946 he lashed. out at the Fayette
County political "machine," charging that
it would never carry a coal miner on its
ticket, except for an. occasional candidate
for the house of delegates.
In 1947 he spoke out against a plan to
cut miners' overtime pay to 96 cents an
hour. He labeled the aroposal "a screwy
idea."
Yet the coal official also was viewed as a
man who could lend support, shown during
World War II when he urged unity between
miners and operators, with high wages for
miners, so more defense bonds could be pur-
chased to aid in the national crisis. And
during late Gov. William Marland's adminis-
tration Titler supported the chief executive's
proposed severance tax on West Virginia
coal.
WEST VIRGINIA 'POSTMASTER
HONORED
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres-
ident, on Thursday, January 20, Post-
master General Lawrence F. O'Brien will
present special merit citations to 14 post-
masters in the United States who have
significantly improved the exterior and
grounds of their post office buildings as
part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's
natural beauty program. The award
presentation will take place in the Post-
master General's reception room in
Washington, D.C.
Among the postmasters to be so hon-
ored is Mr. James Dinsmoore of St.
Marys, W. Va., who has been postmaster
of the second-class post office there since
1956. His work in improving the grounds
surrounding the postal facility, at no cost;
to the Federal Government, has bee.
recognized by the Post Office Depart-
ment. As Postmaster General O'Brien
said in announcing the award:
Post offices across the Nation are becoming
leaders in President Johnson's natural beauty
program. Postmasters, local postal employee
groups, flower and garden clubs, and indi-
vidual citizens are all cooperating in the
project. The post offices have become local
showplaces.
I am pleased that Postmaster James
Dinsmoore is to receive a merit citation
for participation in this program, and
I am sure that the St. Marys post office
is a true source of civic pride for the citi-
zens of that community and surrounding
area.
WILD RIVERS ACT
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (S. 1446) to reserve certain
public lands for a National Wild Rivers
System, to provide a procedure for add-
ing additional public lands and other
lands to the system, and for other pur-
poses.
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, earlier
this afternoon I sent to the desk an
amendment contemplating the incorpo-
ration into the pending bill, for study as
prospective inclusion in the final draft of
the bill, two rivers in Ohio. They are the
Little Miami River and the Little Beaver
River.
Up to this time these two rivers have
not been despoiled of their natural rich-
ness by the invasion by human beings.
They are still substantially in their pris-
tine condition. The streams are clear
streams. Their borders are lined with
trees in great abundance. This natural
beauty should be protected against fu-
ture spoliation. The rivers should be
protected from the contamination that
results from the invasion by industry
and an increasing population.
One of these rivers, the Little Miami
River, runs through Clark County of
which Springfield is the county seat;
through Greene County, of which Xenia
is the county seat; through Warren
County, of which Lebanon is the county
seat; and through Clermont County, of
which. Batavia is the county seat. I.
begins in the vicinity of Clifton, Ohio, in
Montgomery County.
The Little Beaver River, with its north
and middle forks in Columbiana County,
runs from a point in the vicinity of Negly
and Elkton, Ohio, downstream to a point;
in the vicinity of East Liverpool, Ohio,
where it runs into the Ohio River.
In my judgment these rivers should be
included in, the bill.
The rivers are rich in gorges. Al-
though from a comparative standpoint
the gorges are small, as one enters the
area, one feels that he is in some remote
region still possessed of its pristine nat-
ural beauty.
I believe that these streams should be
included in the bill. I therefore call up
"; "ppro,vec '1-or?" 210 UMI
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Acheson on Our Vietnam Policy:
An Asian Greece
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN /+ ~g /.
HON. JOHN ~g YI. McCORMACK
OF MASSACIIUSETtS-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 17, 1966
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, the
Honorable Dean Acheson, one of our out-
standing Secretaries of State, and dur-
ing a trying period in our country's and
the world's history has written an inter-
esting and sound article on South Viet-
nam, which appeared in the Washington
Star of January 16, 1966. The views of
former Secretary of State Dean Acheson,
which I include in my remarks, are
worthy of profound consideration.
ACIIESON ON OUR VIETNAM POLICY: AN ASIAN
GREECE
(By Dean Acheson)
"I believe that it must be the policy of
the United States to support free peoples who
are resisting attempted subjugation by
armed minorities or by outside pressure."
The country referred to was poor, its
poverty aggravated by foreign occupation
and years of warfare. Guerrillas were creat-
ing political chaos and making economic re-
covery impossible. The existence of the state
itself was threatened by large forces supplied,
organized, and led by neighboring Com-
munist movements. Many of these forces
had taken part in the struggle against for-
eign occupation.
The Communist leaders had previously
signed an agreement for peace but had hid-
den their weapons and resumed the conflict
at the first signs of recovery. The national
military forces were unequal to the renewed,
foreign aided and directed attack.
The country's government was far from
any democratic ideal. Previous aid had
proved inadequate. The American Govern-
ment had to decide whether to go further
with funds, armaments, and the necessary
military advisers. The President's conclusion
was summed up in the sentence quoted
above.
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
The year was 1947, the country, Greece;
the President, Truman; and the policy enun-
ciated, the Truman doctrine. It instantly
received bipartisan support in Congress and
for nearly 20 years, during four administra-
tions, has been the policy of the United
States. Under it necessary help was given in
Greece, Turkey, Korea, Lebanon, and now in
Vietnam to prevent Communist takeover "by
armed minorities or by outside pressure," or
by both.
Nineteen years ago, when the policy was
first adotped, the United States was in the
early stages of its education in methods of
Communist conquest. In the immediate
postwar years it learned how, in countries
occupied by Soviet armies, Communist re-
gimes were set up under the protection
and opposition liquidated. This happened
throughout Eastern Europe.
The next step was attempted in countries
left in confusion by the war but not occu-
pied by Soviet troops. Here internal sub-
version, instigated and supplied and con-
trolled by outside Communist states, made
an armed bid to take over the government.
This was the form used in Greece and eastern
Turkey. The Truman doctrine labeled this
as aggressive Communist expansion and an-
nounced the necessity of stopping it. The
aggression failed due to massive help given
by the United States.
The next stage of the Communist assault
did away with pretense. South Korea was
openly invaded by organized army units from
the Communist base outside. American and
allied Armed Forces successfully came to the
aid of South Korea.
WAR OF LIBERATION
The current method of Communist expan-
sion, employed in Vietnam, is the so-called
war of national liberation. In these wars
there is an attempt, as there was In Greece,
to cloak as an Internal insurrection Commu-
nist subversion directed and supplied from
outside, and there is added a Korea-like in-
vasion by regular army formations from the
neighboring Communist state.
Our decision to help South Vietnam resist
this attempted subjugation involves prin-
ciples and policies, all of which were already
public and established by 1950. They in
turn resulted from an appreciation of the
lessons of the 1930's-Manchuria, Ethiopia,
the Rhineland, Czechoslovakia-that aggres-
sion must either be met early before it has
gathered momentum or it will have to be
checked later under more adverse conditions.
SAME OLD COMPLAINTS
The complaints now raised at protest
meetings on Vietnam are the same which
have been directed against all our efforts to
aid peoples resisting Communist subjuga-
tion. Our opponents arc usually praised and
those we are aiding criticized.
We were told that the terrorists, guerrilas,
and belligerents in Greece were patriots who
had fought the Nazis and whose aim was
to replace a corrupt, demoralized govern-
ment; that the evidence that they were serv-
ing foreign Communist purposes was flimsy;
and that the United States was intervening
in a purely Greek civil war. On the other
hand, the Greek Government was denounced
as weak, unrepresentative of the people, par-
ticularly of the resistance, and as the creature
of the Western allies.
Similar unflattering comments were made
about the late Syngman Rhee, President of
Korea. But the fact now seems too plain for
argument that in both Greece and Korea, the
intervention and help of the United States
preserved the Opportunity to develop toward
democratic government by consent. No such
similar development can be noted in neigh-
boring Balkan States or North Korea.
So, today, it Is argued that government in
Vietnam is not and has not been demo-
cratic and, therefore, Is unworthy of Amer-
ican support. But the existence of a demo-
cratic system is not the criterion of worthi-
ness of American support. That criterion Is
determined and demonstrated effort in re-
sisting attempted subjugation. Can there he
more impressive evidence of such determina-
tion and effort among the people of South
Vietnam than they are now giving? For
they are fighting on after suffering military
and civilian casualties which on the basis
of comparative populations are equal to near-
ly 1 million American casualties. Their pure-
ly military casualties on the same basis are
fully 10 times greater than those we suffered
in Korea.
When, as in China and Cuba, a govern-
ment facing Communist-led forces failed to
retain the support of its people, Its numeri-
cally superior forces simply melted away.
But in South Vietnam the government forces
continue to grow in numbers and aggressive-
ness.
Not a single political figure or politically
significant group in South Vietnam at the
time Diem was overthrown or since has
shifted allegiance to the Vietcong or been
unwilling to continue the struggle.
MILLION REFUGEES
Finally, there is the record of those who
voted with their feet, the million refugees
who left the north for South Vietnam after
the Geneva accord of 1954 and the hundreds
of thousands of refugees who in 1065 alone
have left Vietcong areas for government-
controlled ones. The South Vietanamese peo-
ple and army are fully justifying American
assistance by willingly continuing to bear
the brunt of what remains their struggle
for independence.
Fortunately, there Is also in Saigon and
in Washington not only determination to
suppress the belligerency, but an understand-
ing of the importance of political consent in
furthering the struggle for Independence.
In South Vietnam, even In the midst of
devastating warfare, the maneuvering and in-
stability which have characterized the gov-
ernment since the fall of Diem show both a
shift in power and attempts to reach the new
balance by taking into account the aspira-
tions of the Buddhists, the Catholics, the
civilian politicians, the military establish-
ment, students, the sects, and the geographic
regions.
The search for such a balance is not a sub-
stitute for political method, but there has
also been progress in that direction. Though
it seems to have largely escaped public notice,
elections for the municipal and provincial
councils were held in South Vietnam last
May. Observers agree that they were con-
ducted in a fair and orderly manner and that
the candidates substantially reflected local
sentiments. Over half the eligible voters
were registered and over 70 percent of those
registered actually voted. In North Vietnam
there can be found, of course, no glimmering
of democratic political method.
VITAL TO UNITED STATES
The fate of the people of Vietnam is of the
same vital concern to the United States as
that of those whom in the past we have
helped to resist subjugation. Indeed the
situation in Asia today is reminiscent of the
problems the United States confronted in
Europe in 1947. The United States faces in
Communist China an aggressive nation im-
bued with the same primitive Communist
theology which the Soviet Union had 20 years
ago, and possessing (as the Soviet Union did)
military resources far greater than those of
her neighbors. The area to the south, af-
flicted by foreign occupation and years of
war, offers an invitation to aggression by
means of the war of national liberation.
Only the United States has the resources to
make resistance possible.
The Chinese Communists have made it
clear that Vietnam is another test of that
strategy in Asia for the aggrandisement of
the Communist world. The Communist
Chinese minister of defense, Marshal Lin
Piao, in a speech on September 3, referring
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX J January' 17, 1966
_ Referring to a report of the Citizens Com-
mittee for Higher Education, of which he's
chairman, Goheen said of the group's urging
of a 10-year capital construction program
totaling $427 million by 1976: "This may
seem way out of the ballpark. But it's just
that we in New Jersey haven't known what
the ballpark really is."
Twentieth Anniversary of the United
it we can, -and 'save it we must, and then
shall we earn the eternal thanks of man-
kind,,,
To be able to enjoy a birthday, to be happy
about someone's growing older, is a talent
reserved for special kinds of people. For ez
ample, they are reasonable people, who have
a capacity for enjoying the process of growth.
Reasonable, or better, reasoning people, are
those who rejoice at the birthday of the U.N.
because they are convinced that each day of
its presence brings us closer to the universal
.
ons
at
coming tension among nations. southeast Asia told me the other day that
Mc-
tihes by fancy or myth. These e birthday there were Asia told me a doubt that that
EXTENSION OF REMARKS timized are people who refuse be vfa-
or celebrants refuse to knuckle under the fan- Namara was correct when he said last
HENRY HELSTOSKI tasy that only war can resolve national dif- November that the United States had
HON. ferences. They are people who have per- stopped losing the war in Vietnam.
of NEW JERSEY ceived the glorious vision/that this globe is of course the Secretary of Defense has
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES part of a different kind of creation, a crea- done more to confuse the American peo-
tion founded upon a reasoned order, whose pie as to the true situation in Vietnam
Monday, January 17, 1966 laws of physical balance approve and demand than almost seems possible.
en. and in his In 1962 he was quoted as saying he
Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, I amdealingsa similar with balance other in man
.
pleased to bring to the attention of my Not only reasoning men, but freemen was tremendously encouraged. In Oc-
colleagues the remarks of Mr. Ralph exult at this anniversary of the U.N. The tober 1963 he gave as his judgment that
Feder; chairman of the Teaneck United enslaved and those who enslave others can- the major part of the U.S. military task
Nations Committee which he made at not exult. For them, every tomorrow dis- 'could be completed by the end of 1965.
the annual dinner sponsored by this or- solves into yesterday's pain and emptiness. And a month later in Honolulu, he an-
ganization.. This dinner was held on For them life has no importance other than nounced that American troops would
October 23, 1965, at the Fairleigh Dick- to dominate or to be dominated. But free-
men can exult in life, for they know its start being withdrawn before yearend.
inson University in Rutherford, N.J: value. They know the exultation of the life ' On March 17, 1964, he said the situa-
It is my hope that the Members of that chooses to live. Free Americans can re- tion could be significantly improved in
this honorable body will take the few joice in this birthday of an organization that the coming months. A few days later he
minutes time it requires to read these seeks to foster the self-determination of peo- repeated that the situation in South
exceptionally well-phrased statements pie long oppressed. They see their own Vietnam had worsened.
and will note that they have a very poig- struggle to be free magnificiently reflected in May, however, he reported excellent
tential progress, but 1 day later told a congres-
nant meaning to us at this particular in the U.N.'s work, in releasing human po-
a ear a all over the world. In sonal committee that anti-Vietcong ef-
time. this is extensioon on of of mankind's s dimension, they forts had deteriorated.
The remarks of Mr. Feder follow: themselves grow in their own humanity. In February 1965 he summed up his
Your excellency Ambassador Vinci, other "Thy youth shall see visions." Yes, the
distinguished guests on the dais and friends very best birthday partyers are not only the views saying that the past. year had
all of the United Nations: reasonable and the free, but, and especially, brought some encouraging developments.
For the third year it is my great privilege the very young at heart. Youth is happy Last November after a sixth visit, he
to welcome you to Teaneck's annual com- about birthdays, because it has a capacity to told the press, as I said at the start,
memoration of the founding of the United dream and to plan and to fashion a better "We are no longer losing."
Nations. Twenty years have elapsed since tomorrow. Very quickly in life, they detect Mr. Speaker, let me get back to the
the hour of its birth, a blessed event, pre- injustice and inequity, and they have the statement of the Member of Congress
ceded by the pangs of a suffering humanity. audacity to demand that life. be better, that whom I cited at the outset as telling me
We are practical people. None of us is so there be an end to the things that dehu- he had reastt the st outset that lli have
us.
naive ' t Imagine that that the present conditions of like mWeanize uswho tonight rejoice at the U.N's exist- stopped losing the war. This was from a
today .remote cc t duplicates the of the s the siittuaua tion in life ence, are we not as young as they? Are we Congressman fresh back from southeast
1945. are exact ago, life still filled with the vision of 20 years Asia.
thne revolutionary Two q auoigno, life did not possess ago? Next week our children will collect Since I quoted this in a House speech
not h then e then for UNICEF. They will do so because they recently, I.have been pressed for further
original and q nations could it has today.
have projected tothe the quick demise demisse o of colonial- know that other children starve in our
world, that other children go naked in our details.
hav
ism, and the proliferation of smaller nation- world, that they are homeless and mother- I do not know the final answer, of
alities in Africa and Asia, that would swell less and friendless under a gaping sky. If course, but I am told Americans and
their foretold the membership to 117. Who then could we can rejoice tonight, it is because, like that United States and South Vietnam to be enco foretold tstumbling nations whose blocks yet l n- them, we, too, are young and concerned and forces hold less territory now than they
encountered by nations whose national in- ashamed that other human beings are forced did a year ago. In the past it has al-
terests would conflict with world interests? to lead substandard lives. We rejoice, be- ways been the practice to gage victory
Within 20 years, membership in the they- cause we see the dent that the U.N. has in war, on the basis of which force won
expectlear club has risen far beyond any made in the wall of man's pain and suffer- and held territory.
expectations silently nursed in 1945. Nor ing. We hail its unsung heroes, who have like and the years latt us searless, devoted n the of the cured 37 million children of the yaws, and OrHowever , it l et am will ultimate not on
and suddent deaths expended lives devotesons of the 11 million more of trachoma, and another
isiteC Count who Bernadotte, , Dag g Haminar- million of leprosy. We rejoice for the U.N. the battlefield, but rather at a peace con-
America's Adlai Stevenson. teams that have protected 162 million people ference. If this holds true, politics being
skjold, service:
And, nontheless, we rejoice. Despite our against tuberculosis, and lowered the inci- what it is with the President and his
awareness of frustrations, we celebrate to. dence of malaria by over a hundred million party urgently needing a settlement be-
nighta birthday. The very fact that, despite people a year. We rejoice for those name- fore the next election, many people fear
the weaknesses that have bothered and con- less men and women of the U.N. who have defeat could come at any time because
tinue.to bedevil the U.N. we can still rejoice, helped to find new homes and new lives for Johnson and his advisers would sign on
tells us a great deal about ourselves, about more than a million refugees. any terms. That is why I have so con-
the dimensions=of our humanity, and about Faith in reason, in freedom, in youthful sistently called for all facts to be, given
the UsN.: Itself. As the late President Ken- idealism. has made our Nation great, and to the American People. Otherwise, if
much the to helped create the U.N. It is our faith to- the people are misinformed and. confused,
wort said, s Nmueh toe lose~or so nations of
oupublic op will have no bearing on
gain.h
gain.;. Together we shall save ave our planet, t or night.M Let, nothing, AvhnAre tdiminish our re-
tcome,i which could be disastrous. the
i
N
Have We Stopped Losing?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. THOMAS M. PELLY
OF WASHINGTON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 17, 1966
PETTY. Mr. Speaker, a Member
Mr
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January 17, 1966
Deliberately, then, your administration saw
fit to interpret the welfare of the American
people, their small businesses and their liveli-
hood, In the terms laid down by a few giant
oil companies. The fruits of an industry
that would have meant bread and butter to
American citizens in ordinary walks of life
were diverted to increase the swollen profits
of international profiteers. The same in-
terests are profiting again by U.S. offshore
production in the Gulf of Mexico that is
absorbing most of the growth in demand.
No credit is due to your administration for
the now rising demand for domestic crude.
It was built an the ruination of a substantial
portion of the small business economy in.
petroleum States and a subsequent collapse
of production and reserves. Temporary
demand will not reverse the declining trend.
It but accents the prediction now being
realized--
Unless the U.S. oil policy Is modified to
serve the minimum requirements of domestic
industry, American oil reserves will vanish.
U.S. citizens will then be exploited by inter-
national interests in times of peace, and they
will be at the mercy of their enemies at each
threat of war.
This message is sponsored
the Kansas independent
industry.
edly at the sixth annual Round Table Con- stitutions should. He indicated there's an
i'erence sponsored yesterday by the Home obligation to a much larger segment of New
News. Jersey's youth--who could be accommodated)
So too was the urgency for stepped-up sal- if sufficient funds were forthcoming.
ary scales for college faculty members to put At present, he said, Douglass College prob-
New Jersey institutions of higher education ably draws its student population from the
on equal footing with counterparts in other top 10 percent among high school student
States in the recruiting battle for topflight bodies; Rutgers, from the top 20 percent.
teachers. Gross spoke of the dual aim of a university:
These needs, it was stressed, are both cur- To aid students to gain knowledge in a par-
rent and continuing. titular field they have selected; and to in-
From New Jersey homes there are 50,000 still an interest in culture. Anything less,
students attending colleges within the State, he said, and the student winds up with "a
said Dr. James Hillier, vice president of RCA truncated education."
Laboratories. He said too that class size is a prime con-
Hillier, who dug deep into the complexi- sideration, that ideally faculties should be
-ties of the college education picture as a augmented at a ratio of 1 Instructor for
member of the Governor's Committee on New every increase of 12 in the student population
Jersey Higher Education, said expansion is tion. But, because of a lack of funds, it
planned to accommodate 2,000 more students "doesn't work out."
annually. Biggest roadblock barring better salaries
"But by 1970, we'll need about 40,000 new for Rutgers instructors, Gross went on, is the
spaces, and another 60,000 on top of that by current arrangement by which State board
1975. The situation is so big, so serious, and of education approval is essential for pay in-
we've fallen so far behind that we're just crements.
numbed by the problem, The population And, as the Governor's committee pointed
boom Is here now and will be with us for out: Fixed by the State board, salary sched-
years to come." ules for various academic ranks are the Same
The research management expert said that at State (teachers') colleges, Rutgers and the
as of today, higher education in the State is Newark College of Engineering.
between $100 million and $150 million in ax-
by members of
oil producing
Panelists Stress Need for Educational
Funds
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN
OF' NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 17, 1966
Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, with
!;rowing numbers of qualified high school
graduates wanting to enter college, the
need for more higher educational facili-
ties becomes Imperative, a.; well as the
necessity of increased faculty salaries.
In New Jersey alone, 4,000 applicants
were turned away by colleges last fall, be-
cause of a shortage of facilities. That
problem is faced by virtually every State
and the main obstacle is the same: in-
sufficient: funds,,
The Higher Education Act of 1965,
which I voted for, will provide some help
to New Jersey. It will receive $11,949,_
000 in the 1966 fiscal year from this pro-
>gram, including $1,319,000 in educational
opportunity grants.
Although this Federal aid is encour-
aging and appreciated, much more assist-
ance is needed if the colleges and uni-
versities in our State are to provide the
facilities required by high school grad-
uates.
To connection with this vital and
urgent goal, the Daily Home News of
New Brunswick, N.J., sponsored its sixth
annual Round Table Conference, with
three university presidents and an indus-
trial executive comprising a panel which
discussed, "The Future of Higher Educa-
tion in New Jersey."
The article, written by Frank Kelly,
entitled, "Panelists Stress Need for Edu-
cational Funds," follows:
PANELISTS STRESS NEED FOR EDUCATIONAL
lb NDS
(13y frank Kelly)
The ever-in.crea:;ing need for funds to
.rovide for the State's burgeoning college-
raudent population was underscored repeat-
Pinpointing the problem as getting the Pay for a new faculty member is set at the
public to recognize its responsibilities. P_iil- minimum figure stipulated for his academic
her asserted: "It bothers me. We're living in rank, Thus, the school's president is under
this tax-free paradise, while sponging on a severe handicap when negotiating with
other States." prospective faculty members.
This was in reference to his earlier state- Resultant inequities Gross cited included
went that besides the 50,000 New Jerseyans this one: State colleges in New Jersey com-
who are staying in the Garden State for their pare favorably sal.arywise with those in other
education, some 60,000 are seeking it at out- States but Rutgers lags substantially behind
of -State institutions. other States' universities.
'While he believes that New Jersey's ere- Sounding the dilemma of the private In-
Inentary and secondary school programs are stitution was Bishop Dougherty. Reading
solid, Hillier said industries in this State from a report in a 1962 issue of the Se:ton
suffer recruiting losses. Prospective cm- Hall University alumni magazine, he said
ployees, out of staters with children, go else- that from 1947 to 1962 a 104-percent increase
where when. they view New Jersey's "spotty" in the student population occurred in public
higher education system. (tax-supported) institutions of higher edu-
UNWILLING LEGISLATURE
The conference moderator, James Kerney,
Jr., publisher of the Trenton Times and a
former member of the State tax policy Com-
mission, ascribed much of the lag in higher
education aid to an unwilling legislature.
He believes the public, conversely, "is more
willing to be taxed in this area and oth-
ers * * * where it wasn't 10 years ago."
Fly and large, the panel which also in-
cluded Dr. Mason W. Gross, president of
Rutgers University; the Most Reverend John
J. Dougherty, auxiliary Bishop of the Arch-
diocese of Newark and president of Seton
Hall University, and Dr. Robert F. Goheen,
Princeton University president, agreed with
the recommendations of the Governor's com-
mittee for Stetting up a cabinet-level agency
to Wrestle With New Jersey's needs in higher
education.
The committee, headed by Dr. Carroll V.
Newsom, former president of New York Uni-
versity, urged revision of the current admin-
istrative structure--the State department of
education and the State board of education.
Quality in higher education--how to in-
sure it when involved with a large student
body-was discussed by Gross.
He said paying attractive salaries to fac-
ulty members is a necessary condition but
not an absolute assurance of top-caliber in-
structional quality.
Gross observed that at Rutgers (where
4,000 New Jerseyans were turned away last
fall because the university was filled) the
present student body was assembled "from
the top down," based on secondary school
records.
of concern expressed by leaders and by just
Such a competent collection of students plain, ordinary people all over the State. It
has made teaching much easier, he con- gives me some hope that things will start to
tinued, but this isn't doing the job State in- move to make up for some of these lags."
cation compared to only 29 percent in private
(non-tax-supported) schools.
"In 1950, 50.7 percent of the Nation's stu-
dents attended private colleges; in 1954, 44
percent; in 1961, 39 percent.
"Private institutions-the weaker ones-I
conclude, will be priced right out of existence
because of the competition (with public
schools) based on caliber of students and
caliber of faculities."
Bishop Dougherty asked: "Can we (private
institutions) match instructors' salaries with
those paid by public institution?" He echoed
a Citizens Committee for Higher Education
suggestion that a stipend be given to the stu-
dent who prefers to attend a private college
or university in New Jersey-a stipend in
proportion to his needs to finance such at-
tendance.
"We feel this would be a definite help
in aiding the balance between public and
private institutions."
NEED MORE PROFESSIONALS
Principal dynamos in American society
since World War I ended, said Goheen, have
been science and technology. He spoke, too,
of the Nation's swelling populace and resul-
tant changes in the economy, the need for
more professionally trained men and wom-
en-lawyers, doctors, welfare workers.
"There's a need today for a diversified mul-
tilevel system of education throughout the
United States"-from the 2-year community
college to postdoctorate degree programs.
Higher education: in New Jersey, he de-
clared, is "badly undernourished, lagging in
planning and in opportunities available."
However, Goheen voiced a measure of op-
timism: I'm deeply impressed with the degree
Fn ,: proves or ere
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A149
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January 17, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
A Congressman recently told the Wall
Street Journal that the thing that
scares him is the President signing his
name to almost anything in order to get
a settlement. My point is, no such thing
will happen if the American people are
told the full story because public opin-
ion is a powerful influence.
Meanwhile, in spite of McNamara's
statement that we have stopped losing
the war, here are a few facts from Sen-
ator MANSFIELD'S report which could con-
tradict this.
The Vietcong force in South Vietnam is
double that of 3 years ago. Their strength
is steadily increasing.
Introduction of U.S. forces-
The report says-
have blunted but not turned back the Viet-
cong drive. The lines remain drawn in South
Vietnam in substantially the same pattern
as when the United States Increased its com-
mitment.
The Mansfield report frankly admits
that the war has expanded into Laos and
is beginning to lap over the Cambodian
border. Worst of all, it concludes that
there are no grounds for optimism that
the end is likely to be reached within
the confines of South Vietnam or within
the very near future.
Mr. Speaker, if these facts make it ap-
pear as though we have stopped losing,
there is something wrong with my eye-
sight. Especially this opinion should be
considered in the light of the fact that
the Vietcong, as I have pointed out be-
fore, hold more territory today than they
did a year ago. The picture Is not bright
and the people should know it.
SPEECH
OF
HON. WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, January 12, 1966
Mr. MAILLIARD. Mr. Speaker, in the
passing of HERBERT BONNER the Nation
has lost a wise and able statesman. But,
more particularly, the American Mer-
chant Marine has lost a champion and
skilled architect. No man labored more
or gave more unstintingly of himself on
its behalf throughout almost three
decades than did HERB BONNER.
The fast, modern greyhounds of the
seas, which today carry the American
flag to the farflung corners of the globe,
stand in living tribute as a monument to
the endeavors of this one man. These
same ships, constructed as a result of the
vision and foresight of HERBERT BONNER,
are today bridging the oceans to supply
American troops in Vietnam. Seamen
and American fighting men throughout
the world owe a great debt to this man.
Truly, one can say that memorials to his
achievements are now in being through-
out the world wherever American-flag
merchant ships ply their trade.
But to me the death Of HERB BONNER
means much more. I have lost a warm
and personal friend with whom I have
labored side-by-side for more than 13
years. He was a close confidant. He was
a man whose counsel I held in greatest
respect. He was a man whom I grew to
love more with each passing year.
Perhaps the English poet laureate,
Robert Southy, best expressed my feel-
ings when he said, and I quote :
The loss of a friend is. like that of a limb;
time may heal the anguish of the wound, but
the loss cannot be repaired.
To his devoted and gracious widow,
Eva, I can only say that her sadness is
shared by HERBERT's legion of friends and
admirers. Perhaps this fact will make
her burden just a little easier to bear.
Remarks of Congressman William M.
Tuck, Democrat, of Virginia, at the An-
nual Meeting of the Virginia Associ-
ation of Soil and Water District Super-
visors at Richmond, Va., January 11,
1966
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WATKINS M. ABBITT
OF VIRGINIA .
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 17, 1966
Mr. ABBITT. Mr. Speaker, on last
Tuesday, January 11, the Honorable WIL-
LIAM M. TUCK, of the Fifth District of
Virginia, addressed the annual meeting
of soil conservationists in Virginia and
made a splendid address.
Congressman Tucx served as Governor
of Virginia from 1946 until 1950 and has
an intimate knowledge of the problems
of water and soil conservation not only
in our State but throughout the Nation.
His remarks are so timely and so inter-
esting that I would like to commend them
to the reading of the Members of the
House.
I take pleasure in inserting his address
in the RECORD at this point:
REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM M. TUCK,
DEMOCRAT OF VIRGINIA, AT THE ANNUAL
MEETING OF THE VIRGINIA ASSOCIATION OF
SOIL AND WATER DISTRICT SUPERVISORS AT
RICHMOND, VA., JANUARY 11, 1966
It Is a pleasure to participate in your
annual meeting, and to meet with you ex-
perts in the conservation and development of
our land and water resources. There is noth-
ing more basic to our economy and welfare
than our natural resources. It is an in-
escapable fact that what we do with our
natural resources will not only affect our
social and economic welfare of today, but
also pave the way for future developments.
Although I am not a conservation expert,
I am well acquainted with the soil conserva-
tion movement. I am aware of the need for
a technically sound conservation plan on all
land, whether it is farmland or not. I am
proud to say that my own farm is a better
one for the use of the technical know-how
that has been developed in the last 30 years.
I am not a stranger to the soil conserva-
tion movement in Virginia. I have followed
it as a member of the general assembly, as
Governor, and as a Member of Congress. I
have noted with great interest the concern
of the people of Virginia in our great land
and water resources. I have seen interest In
soil conservation grow through the expanded
soil conservation district programs. I be-
lieve in these programs and have expressed
my support of them in the Congress.
A151
In Virginia, we- have already come face to
face with soil and water problems that every
community faces today.
The rapid growth of population demands
space for homes, industries, highways, schools
and playgrounds, shopping centers, and
recreation areas, as well as the water, sewage,
and other facilities that must accompany
this growth. While in Virginia the expansion
is most noticeable near the large metropolitan
areas like Washington, Norfolk, Richmond,
Roanoke, and Petersburg, it is by no means
confined to them. Practically every small
city and town is experiencing this growth.
The State is actively encouraging industry to
move in. The highway system is being im-
proved and linked into the interstate sys-
tems. Tourism is big business and Is grow-
ing. State and local planning groups and
commissions are working on long-range land-
use plans. Health and sanitary agencies,
county planning and zoning boards, housing
developers, and county governing bodies are
becoming aware that we need careful, long-
term planning if we are to make the best use
of our land and water.
Our internationally famed Dulles Airport
in Virginia near Washington is a showcase for
aviation industry. It is also a showcase for
conservation and its part in developing land
to protect a community during and after con-
struction. It reflects credit on the work that
soil conservation districts are doing, and the
tremendous part they can and should plan In
nonagricultural development of rural land.
It is an example of teamwork between a soil
conservation district and Federal agencies.
The Potomac River is another of our attrac-
tions. What is done on much of our northern
Virginia land contributes either to the
beauty and usefulness of this great river orto
its pollution.
I know that the soil conservation districts
within the Potomac River Basin have been
working in the hope of making this stream a
model of scenic and recreational values. I
believe the work they are doing to keep the
soil on the land is one of the important
phases of our, program to beautify the
Potomac. Nearer Washington, urban de-
velopment and other problems are going to
haveto be dealt with also. I hope that you as
experts in conservation and development of
our land and water resources will make your-
selves heard and be a part of the campaign to
clean up this historic river that has the
potential to provide beauty, pleasure, and
relaxation to those who live nearby and to
those who come from all over the world.
The Potomac River and the Dulles Airport
are showcases that are open to view by
visitors from far and wide. However, the con-
servation work that you are doing through-
out Virginia is no less vital to the health of
our natural resources, to the economy of the
State, and to the welfare of its people.
Congress, since it set up the mechanism
through which the soil conservation move-.
ment began over 30 years ago, has continued
to add tools for use in resource conservation.
It has supported sound conservation
programs.
In this decade, the U.S. Congress has broad-
ened the soil and water conservation program
by new legislation and by amendments to the
old.
The Watershed Protection and Flood Pre-
vention Act has been amended to strengthen
the assistance available from the Federal
Government in order to make the program
more effective. A 1962 amendment provided
for Federal assistance in developing public
recreation facilities and water storage for
future municipal or industrial use. The
amendment enables local communities to
make greater use of the multiple-purpose
principle. -
Fortunately, one resource can often be
put to many uses. And when local people
and public agencies work together, the re-
sults are far better than those obtained
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A152
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX January 17, 1966
when development Is piecemeal or through
programs with single-purpose objectives.
Our growing population and the complexity
of our economy are adding new dimensions
to the problem of resource management in
this Nation. There are more claimants for
natural resources and resource products, and
the result is conflict and competition. This
increases the need for multiple use so that
several needs can be satisfied from a given
source. It creates the need for coordination
so that waste and mismanagement can be
prevented.
The small watershed program provides for
the multiple-use concept and it adds some
other highly important ingredients-local
leadership, local coordination, and local par-
ticipation. Undoubtedly the involvement of
local people is the reason the program has
been so effective.
Our Mountain Run watershed project in
Culpeper County has gained nationwide at-
tention since it was dedicated in 1961. I am
very proud of it. It is an example of the
economic benefits a community can obtain
through a multiple-purpose project that pro-
vides a dependable water supply and over-
comes the threat of flood damages.
I am told that, since the national small
watershed program began, reservoirs that
have been built, or that have been author-
ized, will provide water to more than 101)
cities and towns ranging in population fro:na
a few hundred to about 70,000, and totaling
over 624,000. Since the 1962 amendment, in-
terest in including water supply in water-
shed projects has increased considerably.
Development of public recreation facili-
ties In watershed projects has also been
stepped up considerably since the 190:2
amendment. I understand that recreation
is included in 67 of the projects designed
since 1962, and that they will provide over
4 million visitor-days of recreation annually
when completed.
I am well pleased that Virginia has taken
advantage of the provisions of these amend-
ments. Ten of the 25 watershed projects
you are installing are multiple purpose. Nine
of them include municipal water supply and
one of these also includes recreation. More
than 100,500 people in Culpeper, Keysville,
Madison, Staunton, Luray, Drakes Branch,
Chatham, Louisa, and Mineral and in Albe-
marle and Augusta Counties will benefit
from the water supplied from reservoirs In
these projects.
During the calendar year 1965, congres-
sional committees approved for operations L19
projects-the largest number in any 1 year
since the Watershed Protection and Flood
Prevention Act was passed in 1954. About
65 percent of these projects were designed
for municipal water supply, recreation, or
agricultural water management, in addition
to flood prevention.
For this fiscal year, the Congress has in--
creased the watershed protection appropria-
tion to relieve the backlog of worthy water-
shed projects that have been planned and
are ready to move ahead.
The drought conditions in the eastern
United States during the last 3 years has
made us all more conscious of the need to
plan carefully for water supply. It has gen..
crated interest in local water problems. It
has also brought farm and nonfarm people
together t:a work out long-term plans and
come up with something that is beneficial to
all segments of the community.
Demande, for land and water are increasing
so rapidly that only by this type of team-:
work can the available resources satisfy the
needs. There is just so much land and
water. We have to make the best use of it,
This requires careful planning. You are ex-
perts in the conservation field. Your experi-
ence, your know-how, is sorely needed in re-,
source planning. I urge that your soil con-
servation district programs Include plans to
make the best use possible of land and water
resources to enhance the economy of the
entire community.
We cannot afford to waste water in our
homes, in industry, or on our farms. We
cannot afford to let good usable water run
off to waste, eroding our farmlands, flooding
our valley,, and silting up our reservoirs and
waterways in the process.
. In. 1965, the Congress added other tools
through which the Nation's water and other
resource problems can be evaluated and
relieved.
The Rural Water and Sanitation Facilities
Act, for example, provides loans and grants
to plan and construct community water sup-
ply and sanitation facilities in rural com-
munities not in excess of 5,500 population.
The Water Quality Act provides for the es-
tablishment and enforcement of water qual-
ity standards for interstate streams. It in-
creased Federal grants for construction of
community sewage projects.
The Water Resources Planning Act pro-
vides for Federal and regional coordination
of plans for water resources development. It
authorized Federal matching grants for the
States for development of water resource
programs.
The Federal Water Projects Recreation Act
provides u?tifo:rm policies for fish and wild-
life enhancement and recreation in Federal
multiple-purpose water resource projects.
Other legislation is aimed at creating more
jobs and economic opportunities in hard-
pressed areas through resource development.
The Appalachian Regional Development Act
and the Public Works and Economic Devel-
opment Act both provide for stepped up or
expanded resource development activities.
The croplancL adjustment program, aimed
at removing surplus production, emphasizes
shifting land Into public benefit uses that
also conserve soil and water to meet future
needs. It also offers opportunity for land-
owners to receive increased payments if they
open their land to the public for recreation
uses such as fishing, hunting, hiking, and
trapping.
Future legislation will continu^ to reflect
the :needs and wants of the people. It will
reflect the changes of the time- changes in
resource demands and conservation and de-
velopment problems, expanded population,
changes in land use, leisure time, znd the af-
fluerccy of the Nation.
I consider resource conservation and de-
velopment an important part of making
rural. America a place of opportunity for all
who dwell there. I consider it extremely
worthy of support by the U.S. Congress, by
State legislatures, by cities, and by counties,
and by the people-all the people, for they
are the beneficiaries.
This year the Congress Increased Soil Con-
servation Service funds $9.5 million over last
year. The SCS contribution to soil and
water conservation activities in Virginia dur-
ing fiscal year 1966 will amount to an esti-
mated $4.5 million. This is more than double
the 1960 figure.
The Virginia State Legislature appropri-
ated $232,600 for soil and water conservation
work in fiscal year 1966. This includes
$93,075 for planning watershed projects and
$14,520 for installing projects. It also in-
cludes $80,000 to help speed up completion
of soil surveys in counties that have urban
conservation problems or Where problems are
anticipated.
The value of local governmental contribu-
tions to help carry out the program of local
soil conservation districts in Virginia for
fiscal year 1966 is approximately $69,715.
One of the most important ingredients to
the success of the conservation program is
local financial support. As the conservation
job becomes more complex, the State and
local funds will need to be increased--not to
take the place of Federal funds, but to sup-
plement them or to extend their effectiveness.
Of the 25 million acres within the bound-
aries of the 31 soil conservation districts in
Virginia, I note that basic conservation plans
have been made on only 5.5 million acres.
The plans have been fully carried out on only
2.4 million acres.
I realize that not as much technical help
is available as needed. I know that Federal
technical assistance in planning and apply-
ing conservation measures Is limited. That
is why government at all levels :must give
financial support to the conservation pro-
gram. That is why I opposed the proposal
before Congress last year that required farm-
ers to pay part of the cost of the technical
assistance that has been free from the Fed-
eral Government. I believe that it would
curtail conservation work that benefits the
farmers and the whole community- I be-
lieve that it would have set conservation
back 30 years and have laid us wide open to
future conservation problems.
The demands on our land and water re-
sources in the next few decades will grow
tremendously. To meet the requirements for
food, for recreation, for industry, for places
for an expanding population to live, work,
and to go to school, for highways, reservoirs,
forest products, will call for wise planning
and efficient management of our resources.
We will need to prevent erosion and flood
damages to our valuable land. We will :need
to improve water resources, to prevent water
shortages, and to avoid water waste.
I think we have an excellent team. There
is no doubt that we can do it. But it will
take the involvement of both land users and
consumers, both rural and urban people.
Only then will we be able to go full steam
ahead.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. H. R. GROSS
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 17, 1966
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, with thou-
sands of young men being drafted, some
destined to leave their wives and others
their sweethearts for duty in distant
lands, including Vietnam, the following
editorial from the Washington Evening
Star is well. worth reprinting.:
SMILING FORTUNE
The world. may be a cynical old place, but
now and then our faith is restored when for-
tune smiles in the right direction. On Pat-
rick John Nugent, for example. Like many
draft-age Americans, Pat faced a possibly
long separation from his fiance-who hap-
pens to be the President's daughter, Luci.
Fortunately, his basic training as an acti-
vated Air National Guardsman took place at
a Texas Air Force base near the L.B.J. ranch.
This allowed him to see Luci on weekends,
and all was well.
But anxiety must have stalked the young
couple. What happened when basic training
was completed? What about those long 4
months remaining on Pat's military commit-
ment? It was a dilemma, all right, but :fate
again intervened. By coincidence, Pat will
spend the remainder of his active duty at
Andrews Air Force Base. To be sure, An-
drews is 10 long miles from the White House.
A kinder fate would have assigned him to the
White House heliport. But the Air Force
managed to compensate for this cruelty by
arranging for Pat to live off base when not
on duty.
Some Congressmen have grumbled about
the chain of coincidences which has kept
Pat and Dud. together. But this is the churl-
ish viewpoint. We happen to believe It all
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