THE PLIGHT OF REFUGEES IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190007-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 27, 2003
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: July 28, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

July '28, 1W' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A4177
[From the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, July 21,
, 1865
How ISLANDER SAVED 780 CHILDREN IN SIBEaL'
(By Chuck Frankel)
The dramatic story of 780 children trapped
in Siberia after the Russian Revolution is
told in a new book, "Wild Children of the
Urals," by Floyd Miller.
The hero of the story is Hawaii's Riley H.
Allen, who took a couple of years out of his
active career as editor of the Honolulu Star
Bulletin to work for the American'Red Cross
in Siberia in 1918, 1919, and 1920.
It was his imagination, determination, and
fight that enabled the children to be rescued
from starvation, to be gathered together, to
be placed on a Japanese freighter and carried
three-fourths away around the world to be
reunited with their parents.
"The Wild Children oqf the Urals," pub-
lished by E. P. Dutton , Co., is an exciting
story of man's triumph over bureaucracy and
of the heart's victory over politics.
These were the years of the great Red scare
in the United States, but Allen refused to
capitulate to hysteria and insisted that the
Red Cross fulfill its obligation to return the
children to their parents.
"TlLe files of the Red Cross are full of stories
About human courage, sacrifice and devotion,
but none of them quite compares with the
amazing saga of the Petrograd children," says
Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther, former president
of the American Red Cross.
REDUCED TO BEGGING
Sent by their parents to mountain camps
when war danger and privation swept
Petrograd-formerly St. Petersburg and lately
Leningrad-in the summer of 1918, they were
trapped behind the fighting lines. In the
bleak winter that followed, they were reduced
to begging and were on the point of starva-
tion when members of the American Red
Cross Relief Commission to Siberia heard of,
their plight.
Siberia at, that, time was a battleground
between the Red Russians and the White
Russians-plus troops from the new nation
of Czechoslovakia, France, Britain, Italy,
Canada, Rumania, Serbia, Poland, Japan-
and the United States.
Miller notes:
"There was interference with the political
sovereignty of Russia. There was interven-
tion in her internal affairs and impairment
of her territorial integrity. And out of it all
came a military debacle and a political blun-
der of` such dimensions as to sharply influ-
ence decades of future history."
Most Americans, don't realize that U.S.
troops once invaded Russia-but Russians
are often reminded of this fact.
The Red Cross attempted to give help to
all in Siberia, regardless of politics and na-
tionality, but it was accused of taking sides.
ALIEN'S PLAN
It was in this atmosphere that Allen
brought uQ the suggestion that the trapped
Petrograd children, be rounded up by the
American Red Cross and returned, to their
parents.
The Red Cross workers collected the starv-
ing children at Tyumen, Shadrinsk, Irbit,
Petropavlovsk, Kurgan, Troitsk, Ouiskaia, and
other places with strange names. One Red
Cross worker told the children:
"The American people are going to take
care of you. You're going to have warm new
clothes and all the food you can eat and
plenty of firewood to keep you warm."
And. most. important, the children were
told, they were going to be reunited with
their parents.
"The Red Cross was plunged into a policy
crisis," Miller notes. "There were those who
Advised that the children simply be aban-
doned, but this was stoutly opposed by Riley
Allen.
"He maintained that having saved these
children from death, the Red Cross was com-
mitted to keeping them alive and returning
them to their parents."
He proposed that the children be gathered
in the comparative safety of Vladivostok un-
til the Russian civil war was ended and the
Trans-Siberian Railway repaired. "Allen held
firm to his simple principle that whoever won
the war, Red or White, the children should
be reunited with their parents."
- SCHOOL ORGANIZED
In Vladivostok the Red Cross organized
a school for the Russian children.
The Children's Colony arrived in Vladivo-
tok on three different trains in the first week
of September in 1919. The children's week-
ly consumption included 2,000 eggs, 2,000
pounds of meat, 1,600 pounds of cabbage and
1,600 pounds of onions-a formidable supply,
in a wartime city.
The Communists started to cite the Amer-
ican control over the Russian children in
their propaganda, but Allen resisted State De-
partment pressure for counterpropaganda.
"It had become clear by now that the
Allied intervention in Siberia was a sham-
bles," Miller writes.
But while the European and American
allies started to withdraw, the Japanese ex-
panded their area of control.
The American troops left Vladivostok on
April 1, 1920, but the American Red Cross
and its Russian children remained behind,
still unable to use the Siberian railroad.
"At all costs we must keep the children
out of Japanese hands," Allen told a meet-
ing of his Red Cross staff.
"That may not be easy with American
troops gone," a Red Cross worker replied,
Another said, "Riley, we've done all we
can for the children."
DETERMINATION. GROWS
Miller writes:
"Allen raised his eyes to look at the speak-
er. 'Have we?' he said. There was an edge
to his voice, a steeliness that no one had ever
before heard.
"This man of gentle persuasion had altered.
The pressure of events had not softened
him but fused him to a new hardness.
"And if all the logic of the situation was
against him, he would simply stop being
logical, he would substitute a fierce stub-
borness. Whatever else, he would not sur-
render.
"The staff sat silent and slightly ill at
ease. After several moments he said, quite
matter-of-factly, 'Since we're out off by
land, there is only one thing for us to do.
We'll put to sea.'"
Allen tried to get a ship from the United
States, but the Army, Navy and private lines
refused to send him one or let him charter
a ship to Petrograd.
"We are exceedingly sorry that our War
Department could not be induced to furnish
us a boat to take the children home," Allen
wrote bitterly to the American Red Cross in
June 1920. "Aside from the Red Cross, I
think it would have been good advertising
for both the War Department and the State
Department."
So Allen chartered a Japanese freighter,
the Yomei Maru, despite the fierce Japanese-
Russian hostility of the day.
It was a costly venture for the Red Cross.
Estimates, which proved to be low, were $4,-
500 a day to charter the ship; alterations to
the ship to accommodate its strange cargo,
$100,000: food, $75,000, and salaries and
equipment of Red Cross personnel, and their
fares. home, $75,000.
Boarding the ship were 428 boys, 352 girls;
17 American men and women; 85 Russian
adults, and 78 former prisoners of war.
The average age of the boys and girls were
between 12 and 13; the oldest was 20 and the
youngest 3.. Nationalities other than Rus-
sians were 15 Poles, 8 Letts, 5 Estonians, 2
French, and a Lithuanian, Finn, Persian,
Swiss, and English.
The children were members of various
segments of society, and were not aristocrats,
as they were sometimes pictured in the anti-
Bolshevik press of the time.
LEAVE VLADIVOSTOK
The ship left Vladivostok on July 12, 1920.
It was no pleasure cruise.
Captain Kayahara and Allen clashed fre-
quently; one of the crewmen attacked one
of the girls, and there were ugly incidents
between other crewmen and the Russian
youth.
But there was also songs and laughter.
Miller writes:
"The songs were darkly textured, rich with
human longing and need. And coming now
from the voices of these children adrift on a
great ocean, the innocent victims of war and
revolution, they were deeply moving."
The ship, after stopping at Muroan, Japan,
arrived in San Francisco on August 1, where
the local chapters of the Red Cross had pre-
pared an elaborate welcome. The ship set
sail for New York, via the Panama Canal, on
August 4, but Allen had left the ship to do
battle in Washington.
Robert E. Olds, Red Cross European com-
missioner, urged that the children be sent
to France, instead of Russia, and in those
days of rampant anti-Bolshevism, his argu-
ment carried much weight.
ARRIVAL IN NEW YORK
The arrival of the Yome Maru in New
York on August 28 caused much competi-
tion among the various Russian groups, but
even anti-Communist groups were aghast at
the idea of sending them to France, then
considered an enemy of the Russian people.
The Division of Investigation of Depart-
ment of Justice-the forerunner of the Fed-
eral Bureau of Investigation-kept close tabs
on the children during their stay in New
York. Miller is particularly critical of the
agents who ruled that there be no fraterniza-
tion between the children and New York resi-
dents during a visit to the zoo, when a
"Justice Department agent dashed away to
intervene between an 8-year-old girl and a
bag of gumdrops."
The New York police tried to get Allen to
halt a Madison Square Garden rally for the
children, arguing that it would be Commu-
nist controlled. Allen said it wouldn't be.
But Allen was wrong, as speaker after speaker
denounced the Red Cross and the United
States. "They are hostages in the criminal
conspiracy to smash the motherland," one
speaker said.
The passions of the Madison Square Garden
mounted, and there were fears of a clash
between Reds and Whites.
One of Allen's children, one of the older
boys, saved the day for the Red Cross with
a stirring speech in its defense.
"We trust the American Red Cross because
of what they have done for us," He said.
"We were starving in the Ural Mountains
when they found us. They fed us and
clothed us and let our teachers teach us.
And they always promised they would return
us to our parents.
"And we believe 'them. We would not be
alive and here today but for the American
Red Cross."
The ship sailed from New York on Septem-
ber 11, with the question of its final destina-
tion still undetermined. The ship anchored
off Brest, but Allen insisted that it proceed
northward.
The Yomei Maru finally docked at Hel-
sinki October, 6, but Allen's days of diplo-
macy were not yet over. He had to convince
the Finns that they should cooperate in this
mission of mercy, and he had to deliver the
children to Russia. He insisted that the
parents approve of the children's return-
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 A4178
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.- APPENDIX July 28, 1965
only one parent requested that a child be
sent elsewhere. The first children walked
across the Russian-Finnish border on No-
vember 10.
Miller writes:
"At last Alien's responsibility was ended,
but he was surprised to discover that he felt
not relief but loss. For an irrational moment
he almost wished they could have all stayed
together * * * but he was immediately
ashamed of the thought, for it was a selfish
one.
"No, he had done the right thing by unit-
log the children with their parents, but he
realized now that this did not mean he would
be free of them.
"For the rest of his life, he would feel con-
cern for these children, he would constantly
speculate on what they might be doing.
"Their lives would hold pain and joy,
despair and hope, for that was the destiny
of all. men, but he hoped the good would
overbalance the bad and he hoped they
would remember the time they had together."
Suggestions for Amity
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 28, 1965
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, the New
Bedford Standard-Times on July 1 of
this year praised the initiative of four
Republican Members of the House, Mr.
FINDLEY, of Illinois, Mr. KEITH, of Mas-
sachusetts, Mr. PIRNIE, of New York, and
Mr. MARTIN, of Alabama, in going to
Paris in an effort to contribute to greater
understanding between the United States
and France.
The chairman of the group, Mr. FIND-
LEY, of Illinois, is one of the most knowl-
edgeable men in the House on the Atlan-
tic Alliance problems. His leadership in
undertaking this trip is to be com-
mended.
I am particularly pleased that my col-
league from Massachusetts, Mr. KEITH,
made the trip. In the words of the
Standard-Times:
Congressman KEITH and his colleagues
have done the United States a service.
I ask unanimous consent to include
the full text of the editorial in the REC-
ORD following my remarks.
[From the New Bedford Standard-Times,
July 1, 1965]
SUGGESTIONS FOR AMITY
A significant contribution to better under-
standing between France and the United
States has been made by the visit to Paris of
four Republican Congressmen, Including
HASTINGS KEITH, of Massachusetts' 12th Con-
gressional District.
United States-French relations have been
at a low point for years, stemming mainly
from President de Gaulle's aspirations to
raise the Fifth Republic to a position of world
prestige. In making this climb, De Gaulle
has antagonized half a dozen nations, in-
cluding the United States, because of an
unreasonable attitude on the part of the
French chief executive.
As the GOP representatives suggest, one
way to relieve the strain, and to open up
new areas of cooperation and communica-
tion, is for President Johnson to visit De
Gaulle in Paris.
Probably there are several levels of objec-
tions to this proposal, including most likely
one that Vice President HUMPHREY went to
Prance for high-level discussions, and it is
De Gaulle's turn to open the diplomatic door
further by paying a return call to Washing-
ton. It would be an unfortunate turn for
Western solidarity if rapproachment were
hung up solely on a matter of protocol.
Other parts of the Congressmen's report
also have validity. The formation of a Dip-
lomatic Standing Group as a complement
to the permanent military agency In NATO
would permit an instant and constant review
of United States-French problems before they
grow out of proportion. Indeed, the Con-
gressmen have proposed a wide range of
changes in order to strengthen NATO.
One recommendation is on less secure
ground. This is the suggestion to coordinate
fully the nuclear capabilities of France
and the United States. Cooperation takes
many forms, and the United States has made
it repeatedly and unmistakably clear that it
Is committed to the total defense of France
and Western Europe-by treaty as well as by
past performance.
The Congressmen have presented no over-
whelmning reasons for changing the Atomic
Energy Act which generally forbids the
United States to reveal military information
to other nations. Nor have they shown how
France has been adversely affected by Wash-
ington's desire to retain the nuclear grip on
U.S. nuclear weapons.
Certainly, further exploration in the field
of nuclear weapons is not foreclosed, and
Congress itself might initiate hearings to
determine if a revision of the Atomic Energy
Act is in order.
Congressman KEITH and his colleagues
have done the United States a service by
making this meaningful report. It is worthy
[From the Des Moines Register, July 6, 1965]
THE PLIGHT OF REFUGEES IN VIETNAM
(By Leo Cherne, North American Newspaper
Alliance)
SAIGON, SOUTH VIETNAM.-Vietnam has be-
come a nation of refugees. Some 380,000
peasants and villagers have crowded into the
coastal towns as a result of Vietcong harass-
ment.
Wherever the Vietcong have struck or
threaten to strike-and this covers much
of the countryside right up to the edge of
Saigon-the Vietnamese people are Often up-
rooted, homeless, ill or wounded, hungry.
They are in desperate need of the essentials
of life-food, clothing, shelter, medical care.
VOTING WITH THEIR FEET
The refugee problem is nothing new for
Vietnam. In the summer of 1954, shortly
afterthe defeat of the French and the sign-
ing of the Geneva agreement which parti-
tioned the country along the 17th parallel,
a massive flow of refugees from the Com-
munist north had already begun.
The International Rescue Committee
(IRC) set up an emergency program to aid
these people who were voting for freedom
in the only way they would-with their feet.
Eventually almost 900,000 Vietnamese cast
their lot with freedom by making the trip
from the north.
The direction of the refugee flow clearly
contradicts the claim that the Vietnamese do
not understand the nature of the struggle
against communism or are indifferent to the
rule by the Communist north. Only about
10,000 Vietnamese crossed the 17th parallel
heading north and many of those were Viet-
cong cadre returning home for more training.
THEY MUST FLEE AGAIN
Many who escaped south 10 years ago, now
must flee again. They are the peasants and
the, villagers of Vietnam, the very people the
Vietcong are supposed to have won to their
side. My observations and conservations with
Vietnamese and Americans here have con-
vinced me that the Vietcong have so savage-
ly teslrorized the peasantry that they have
made them their mortal enemies.
I helicoptered from Saigon to Dong Xoai
shortly after the siege which resulted in 3n
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF -
HON. JOHN V. LINDSAY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 28, 1965
Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, the
United States fortunately has always
shown its concern for the misfortunes of
others, especially in the wake of war.
One of the many misfortunes of war is
the plight of the refugee.
This problem has existed for as long
as there have been political and military
upheavals. Today in Vietnam we once
again have a- problem of refugees.
The war is daily rendering hundreds
of innocent civilians homeless, without
food or shelter or hope of resettlement.
The International Rescue Committee
is helping to provide part of the solution.
The following news story written by Mr.
Leo Cherne, very well describes the tragic
Vietnam refugee situation and how the
International Rescue Committe is help-
ing out:
The Vietcong had burned out a large portion
of the town. For a brief time, they had oc-
cupied the village. They entered every
household and stripped it of every scrap of
food and every piastre which could be used
to buy food.
When the % letcong retreated, they left
Dong Xoai a smoldering ruin and streets
filled with broken, smashed bodies (many of
them women and children) -some dead;
others dying, still ot_iers condemned to live
the rest of their lives horribly maimed.
U.S. RESCUE MISSION
The dust of battle had hardly settled when
personnel from the U.S. operations mission
(USOM) (our civilian aid program) and the
U.S. Army civil affairs officers entered the
town to take an inventory of needs.
It was arranged to fly in 5,000 kilos of rice.
On behalf of the IRC, I undertook to obtain
500 kilos of protein-rich fish and 50 pounds
of salt, also to be flown in by U.S. Army
helicopter.
These supplies, together with some pow-
dered milk which the Vietcong somehow
missed, kept the people of Dong Xoai from
starving in a country in which starvation is
rare.
Emergency medical treatment was begun
immediately.
I have read much about our military in-
volvement in Vietnam. But at Dong Xoai
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 July 28, 1965
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
I could not help thinking that much of our
work in Vietnam is not military in the strict
sense, that much of our efforts are con-
structive, even life-sustaining.
The children are a very special part of the
tragedy of Vietnam. I have seen more hor-
ribly injured, broken, maimed children in a
week in Vietnam than in my lifetime. There
are perhaps 100,000 war-orphaned children
in Vietnam.
EMERGENCY FUND DRIVE
We in the IRC have set an emergency fund
goal of'$2.5 million-the highest in our 33-
year history. The majority of these funds
will go to aid the orphans. We also have
u ,dertaken a program to provide an initial
$500,000 in medicines to aid the Vietnamese.
We hope to get a large measure of support
from the American-people.
The task of raising this kind of fund is
herculean, but it is only a small part of what
must be done to aid this nation of refugees.
If we fail to alleviate the pain and suffering
of these people, no matter what the outcome
of the war in Vietnam, we will have failed in
our purpose as Americans and ..as human
beings,
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A4179
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paragraph.
12. Official Reporters.-The Official Report-
ers of each House shall indicate on the manu-
script and prepare headings for all matter to
be printed in the Appendix, and shall make
suitable reference thereto at the proper place
in the proceedings.
LAWS RELATIVE TO THE PRINTING OF
DOCUMENTS
Either House may order the printing of a
document not already provided for by law,
but only when the same shall be accompa-
nied by an estimate from the Public Printer
as to the probable cost thereof. Any execu-
tive department, bureau, board or independ-
ent office of the Government submitting re-
ports or documents in response to inquiries
from Congress shall submit therewith an
estimate of the probable cost of printing the
usual number. Nothing in this section re
lating to estimates shall apply to reports or
documents not exceeding 50 pages (U.S.
Code, title 44, sec. 140, p. 1938).
Resolutions for printing extra copies, when
presented to either House, shall be referred
immediately to the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representa-
tives or the Committee on Rules and Admin-
istration of the Senate, who, in making their
report, shall give the probable cost of the
proposed printing upon the estimate of the
Public Printer, and no extra copies shall be
printed before such committee has reported
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 133, p. 1937).
CHANGE OF RESIDENCE
Senators, Representatives, and Delegates
who have changed their residences will please
give information thereof to the Government
Printing Office, that their addresses may be
correctly given in the RECORD.
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 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190007-2
Wednesday, July 28, 1965
Daily Digest
HIGHLIGHTS
Both Houses cleared for President measure continuing appropriations.
Senate cleared for President bill on social security-medicare and debated
legislative reapportionment proposal.
House passed right to work repeal bill.
Senate
Chamber Action
Routine Proceedings, pages 17823-17841
Bills Introduced: Four bills and one resolution were
introduced, as follows: S. 2338-2341; and S. Res. 133?
Page 17832
Bills Reported: Reports were made as follows:
H.J. Res. 481, expanding the types of equipment and
the number of electric typewriters furnished Members
of the House of Representatives (S. Rept. 516);
S.J. Res. 89, extending for i year authority for the
erection in the D.C. of a memorial to Mary McLeod
Bethune, with amendments (S. Rept. 517);
S., Res. 120, providing an additional $25,000 for ex-
penses of Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and
Procedure of the Judiciary Committee (S. Rept. 518);
S. Res. 130, providing an, additional $15,000 for ex-
penses of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare
(S. Rept. 519) ;
H. Con. Res. 364, to print as a House document re-
vised edition of "The Capitol" (S. Rept. 520);
S. Con. Res. i:t, authorizing printing of compilation
of hearings, reports, and studies of the Subcommittee
on National Security Staffing and Operations of the
Committee on Government Operations for the 88th
Congress, with amendments (S. Rept. 521);
S. Res. 129, to print as a Senate document a study on
"U.S. International Space Programs With Texts of Ex-
ecutive Agreements, Memorandums of Understanding,
and Other International Arrangements, 1959-65"
(S. Rept. 522);
H.J. Res. 324, providing for reappointment of Robert
V. Fleming as Citizen Regent of the Board of Regents
of the Smithsonian Institution (S. Rept. 523);
S. 903, relating to the painting, illumination, and dis-
mantlement of radio towers (S. Rept. 524);
S. 1554, designating Secretary of Defense to receive
official notice of filing of certain applications in the
common carrier service (S. Rept. 525);
H.R. 7954, making technical amendments to the
Communications Act to implement the provisions of
D710
the London Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
(S. Rept. 526); and
S. 1948, relating to commissioners, employees, and
executive reservists of the FCC, with amendments
(S. Rept. 527). Pages 1 782 3-1 78 2 4
Bills Referred: H.R. 3329 and H.J. Res. 397, passed by
the House, were referred to Committee on the District
of Columbia. Page 17803
Continuing Appropriations: Senate passed without
amendment and cleared for President H.J. Res. 591,
making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 1966
through August 31, 1965. Pages 1 78 04-1 7806
Social Security-Medicare: Senate cleared for Presi-
dent H.R. 6675, increasing benefits under the Social
Security Act, and to provide a hospital insurance plan
for the aged under that act, by adopting, by 70 yeas to
24 nays (motion to reconsider tabled) conference report
thereon. Pages 17803-17812, 17813-17823
Water Pollution: Senate insisted on its amendments
to S. 4, Water Quality Act of 1965, asked for conference
with House, and appointed as conferees Senators
Muskie, Randolph, Moss, Boggs, and Pearson.
Pages 17841-17843
Reapportionment: Senate continued consideration of
S.J. Res. 66, designating a National American Legion
Baseball Week, debating Dirksen amendment (in na-
ture of a substitute) proposing a constitutional amend-
ment that would allow a State, by referendum vote, to
apportion one branch of its legislature on geography
and political subdivisions, in addition to the factor of
population. - Pages 1 78 54-1 7863, 17878-17883
Urban Mass Transit: At request of Senator Tydings it
was agreed, by unanimous consent, that his bill S. 2339,
relative to urban mass transit, be referred to Committee
on Public Works, and that when it is reported by that
committee it then be referred to Committee on Finance.
Pages 17832-17839
Bankruptcy: On motion of Senator Mansfield two bills
as follows were taken from calendar and referred to
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