SOUTH VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 28
• Publication Date: June 10, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved for Release 2003/10/15: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June' 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 12737
which are paid for by the Richmond County [From the Augusta (Ga.) Chronicle,
Board and in the press, as well as around our
We would tlon. June 2,19651 have had to shut dQw,l1 about OPPORTUNITY DOWN THE DRAIN? Nation, about America's future course in
four classes last year if this rule had been. South Vietnam. We are told we must
in effect then," Hardy said. "The taxpayers If Augusta were about to lose an industry declare a state of war, or, at least, spe-ci-
spentover $1 million to build technical on which the jobs of hundreds or thousands floally authorize the offensive use of
training facilities in Richmond County. Why of wage earners depended, the entire com- U.S. troops in southeast Asia.
aren't they being used?" munity Would be aroused to action. In truth, Congress has already can't be for the lack of trying. Augusta and the entire CSRA within com- ady given
muting distance is on the verge of a com- President Johnson a firm endorsement
OPPpaTUNIT>' parable loss-not of a plant itself, but of a of his policy in Vietnam, which is a
"We've been to every Georgia high school training facility which provides the skills policy Of "firmness with moderation."
in the CSRA-telling them of the opportu- necessary to bring plants here, and keep The determination of our President and
nity here," Hardy said. "We've taken stu- them supplied with highly trained staffs. our Nation to withstand the Communist
dents on tour here. Six thousand first-class We can lose the Augusta area technical onslaught in Vietnam is unchanged, al-
letters have been since January." County school for lack of enrollment, Director though the role played by ground forces
high school y." George M. Hardy said Tuesday, because the
Despite these efforts, there have been only State of Georgia has issued a directive which remains chiefly defensive.
25 applications from Richmond County grad- says costs will not be paid in any class which Large segments of the press have
uates for admission to the school in Septem- does not have at least 12 students enrolled served their function well in analyzing,
ber. Butler High has 5, Richmond Academy initially. for the American people, the situation
10, and Hephzibah High, 10. If this were an expensive school, with and the debate. On Wednesday, the
Most of.the applications come from out- high tuition, the slow pace of enrollment Washington Star, in an editorial, talked
side the county. One student in St. George, might be understandabl . It HState n p back to critics of our strategic bombing
Maine, wants to come in September to study
case, N.Y., wants to take a course in data books. If a student is in straitened financial
processing, circumstances, even these minor costs will
APPLIED be paid for him.
In all, 98 out-of-county students have ap- The need on the part of city and area
plied for the classes beginning in the fall, youths for the kind of training which the
Hardy said, technical school provides is obvious. Of
"We, could use another 225 applications- 1,200 high school' graduates in this county,
to insure that the school is filled up," he only about 600 of them go to college, and
added,approximately half of that number do not
Now going into _ its fifth year, Augusta graduate, says Director Hardy. That means
Tech began this, school year with 125 stu- that three-fourths of our high school grad-
dents. uates do not get the professional and busi-
"It shouldy have been 300," Hardy said. ness training of a full college course.
Augusta Tech's director said he is worried What will they do? Perform menial, ill-
about the future of the county's youth. Of paying tasks the rest of their lives? Be
the 1,200 graduating from high school this passed over when promotions and pay in-
month,, about 6Q0 will go to college, Hardy creases are awarded? Struggle a little way
said 48 percent of these 600 will never grad- up the ladder to success, then be the first
uate. demoted or fired when business Is bad? Go
The uestion is, What happens industrial scrap heap if wage costs go
q to these 900 so high that automation replaces the un-
who are not destined to become college skilled labor?
graduates? The State of Georgia spent more than $1
"I'd like to run a study to find out what million to build technical schools in Rich-
happened to them," Hardy said. "I'm sure mond County. Their work is highly effec-
that a lot of them are in low-paying jobs tive. Graduates of Augusta Technical
with no future." School have almost a certainty of getting a
Hardy blames the lack of students at Au- job, Director Hardy saying he could place
gusta Tech on "parental apathy." He said hundreds of graduates if only he had them.
teenagers about to enter the,labor market Twenty-one night students in drafting and
especially `need counseling from their electronic technology were graduated last
parents, week, and as a result every one received a
"They can't take 80 minutes to come out promotion or got a better job.
here and see what we've got," he said. "Life Similar schools in Albany and Rome are
isn't so busy yet that parents don't have filling up their classes. Here, however, only
time to help plan the future of their boy or 25 applications from Richmond County for
girl." admission in September have been received.
As the Star pointed out, that fact does
not mean that it has failed. There are
many indications that the Communists
realize that time is running out for them.
Today, the Washington Post cleared the
air by stating editorially that, despite
much recent speculation and debate
about future moves, the administration
has simply reaffirmed America's deter-
mination not to abandon South Vietnam
to Communist conquest.
I ask unanimous consent that these
editorials be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorials
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington Star, June 9, 19651
ESCALATION IN VIETNAM?
Maxwell Taylor's return to Washington for
periodic consultations coincides with the
announcement that the United States has
once again upped the ante in Vietnam. From
now on, American troops are to be authorized
to engage in combat operations along with
Vietnamese forces when and as they are
needed.
This is another indication that the war on
the ground in Vietnam has entered a critical
phase at the onset of the monsoon season.
And it is another sign of American deter-
mination to make whatever commitment may
be necessary to prevent a Communist mili-
tary victory in the coming months.
Taylor's visit also coincides with mounting
pressure for a further escalation of the war
- liad the rule on a minimum of 12 students ` -a1ib against inaustrial installations
week in drafting and electronic technology. in the Hanoi-Haiphong area and even on
Every one either received a promotion in per class been in effect last year, four classes Hanoi itself as a means of forcin
his work,or got a better job as a result of would have been discontinued.
Vietnam to call off its efforts the a North
th.
s
his training. This is a serious situation. which means limiting ttack
The present a policy of matitar attacks
it
After .completing a course of study at a great deal to the future of young people to military targets and Infiltration trtratian routes, it
Augusta Tech, finding a job course almost a sure now at the crossroads. With the school, they is said, has failed to produce the desired re-
re-
Augu Haech Could place hundreds t grad- have a golden opportunity. Should it be sults. More serious damage would persuade
thing if a only had them. closed for lack of interest, they may be Hanoi that we mean business. It would
Hardy said there are tpossibilities if handicapped the rest of their lives. stiffen sagging morale in South Vietnam and
enrollment at the sane two does increase. The danger is of great concern to the strengthen the shaky regime of. Premier Phan
enrollee Tech can eilhd n' financed community as well. There can be no doubt Huy Quat. e through local taxation, or a can be turned that the success of Augusta Technical School These arguments need careful evaluation.
ono a junio high schoor," he said, "But will be a factor, far into the future, in bring- Taylor himself-along with virtually all re-
what would w gh school, the a ing to this area industries which depend on sponsible officials in Washington-is reported
lie said there is nothing to hold students local training for the skilled people they to be firmly opposed to the indiscriminate
need. ? -
will be paid for the student if he cannot tieinenao stake in the success and
afford it. timed operation of this school, ,
"If Rome and Albany can fill their schools
up, why can't we fill: ours up," Hardy asked.
"The people in Augusta need training just
as much as they do in other parts of the
State."
eYa value of attacks against other essentially
n
ili
SOUTH VIETNAM
Mr. MCGEE. Mr. President, the argu-
ment continues, both in this Chamber
onm
tary targets must be weighed in terms
of their real effect on the fighting in the
south.
Apart from any other considerations, the
real deterrent to North Vietnam is the threat
that industries and communications may be
destroyed. Once they are gone Ho Chi Minh
will be quite literally in a position of having
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 12738
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE _ June 10, 1965
nothing-more to lose no matter what happens
in the south. This fact, combined with ad-
verse reaction around the world and the
probability of greatly increased Russian and
Chinese support, casts considerable doubt on
the wisdoof playing all of our trump cards
at this particular time.
Nor is there any reason to assume that the
present limited schedule of attacks is with-
out deterrent effect on the Hanoi govern-
ment. The fact that it has not succeeded
yet does not mean that it has failed. There
are many indications that the Communists
realize that time is running out and are
gambling heavily on a decisive military vic-
tory on the ground before it does. The time
for drastic decisions-in both Hanoi and
Washington-will come after the critical
summer months.
[From the Washington Post, June 10, 1965]
COMMITMENT IN VIETNAM
The White House statement of yesterday
does not change the fact that American
forces in Vietnam may now be used in regu-
a victory for militant communism would
doubtless bring an escalation of armed ag-
gression on a broad scale, with a graver
menace for both peace and freedom.
Secretary of State Rusk took occasion to
reiterate the eagerness of the United States
to join in peace negotiations. Some wishful
thinkers are saying that Hanoi cannot be
expected to negotiate so long as the United
States is bombing its territory. But the en-
tire history of the Vietnamese affair indicates
that Hanoi is even less inclined to talk when
the pressure is relaxed.
The United States is trying to show the
North Vietnamese that they cannot dictate
the terms of a settlement by the continued
use of force and violence against their neigh-
bors. However disagreeable and costly that
task may be, it still seems to involve less
risk to our freedom and security than any
form of knuckling under to the Communist
threat in Vietnam.
MEXICAN CHILDREN IN NEW
MEXICO SCHOOLS
lar fighting alongside the Vietnamese U the
American commander deems it to be neces- Mr. MONTOYA. Mr. President, we in
sary. In this comment on a previous an- Congress who vote billions of dollars
xiouncement that had come out of the State every Year for foreign aid rarely have
Department the White House insists that no the opportunity to see anything but the
new order has been given to General West- "big picture."
moreland. Nevertheless, the current state- Today, I would like to tell Senators
menu give the public a somewhat different about a "little picture" in my home State
understanding of the policy than had been
given in previous official discussion of it. of New Mexico which will make a number
As we understand the order that has been of Mexican citizens lifelong friends and
given, American troops in south Vietnam supporters of the United States.
will not engage in general combat. Their Since 1910, Mexican youngsters from
primary duty is the patrolling of important the border village of Palomas have been
military installations and the adjacent areas. crossing the international boundary
t ithin the scope of this Mission they t
tt d school in Columbus
en
B
could be paid for through AID funds,
and ran into a barrage of what seem to
me rather superficial objections. To
state it briefly, State took the position
that such a contribution would set a
costly precedent, and that Mexico would
resent such an action on our part any-
way.
It was left to the New Mexico School.
Budget Board to come to the rescue..
On June 2, the board voted a special
$25,000 appropriation from general State
funds to take care of the Palomas chil-
dren next year.
This fine gesture in international
goodwill is a statewide gesture, and I
want Senators to know, how proud I am
of the people of my State.
In conclusion, I must say that we have
probably not heard the lastof this mat-
ter. This State appropriation is a stop-
gap measure, and it will probably be
necessary to change State law if we are
to continue to help the Palomas chil-
dren after next year.
In the meantime, I hope the U.S. State
Department will keep an open mind on
this subject, because it may develop
eventually that Federal aid is the only
permanent solution.
It would be folly to let such a fine pro-
gram die for lack of what is, after all,
only a small amount of money when we
consider the international good will
which is involved.
p
u w every day
may fight with Vietnamese troops when the and Deming, N. Mex. Many walk a mile THE HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF
latter are aggressively attacked, if the Viet- 1965
Amer- or more
d th
.
e
namese commander requests it an
ican commander thinks that the military The citizens always welcomed of Deming and and Columbus
arrangement,
situation requires it. Undoubtedly this will have mean some further involvement of Ameri-. and the Mexican children and their par-
can forces in the Vietnamese war than the sets have, of course, been pleased with
public had previously contemplated. the opportunity to attend our schools.
Yet the basic problem in Vietnam The children pay $2 a month, and the
Nor T The the basis administration policy rest of the cost has traditionally been
of has this Government. notchanged
has merely indicated in more explicit terms absorbed by the taxpayers of Luna
that it is following a somewhat flexible policy County, N. Mex., as a neighborly gesture
of helping the South Vietnamese resist the toward their friends across the border.
aggression from their northern neighbors. Sixty-seven children are involved this
Six weeks ago President Johnson described year.
his policy as one of "firmness with modern Last month, the New Mexico attorney
tion." That is still an accurate description. general ruled that this arrangement is
What has happened since then is an inten- illegal, and said the Mexican youngsters' strike a series ion of of the climactic blows Vietcong's at South h efforts to Vietnam. .
educational costs must be paid in full if
a seri
In response the United States has continued they are to continue going to our schools.
to bomb supply lines in North Vietnam and That would mean $400 a year per child,
has stepped up its patrolling operations and or more, and few families could afford
resistance to attacks in the vicinity of mili- that.
tart' bases. Yet the U.S. commitment re-
4 This ruling was very disturbing to
n
mains limited. In purpose it will rema
defensive.
In effect the administration has reaffirmed
its determination not to abandon South Viet-
nam to Communist conquest. This is a
policy that appears to have strong national
backing. Congress recently voted over-
whelmingly to support the continuation of
aid to South Vietnam in its fight for sur-
vival, and this determination will not waver
because the struggle in that unhappy land
is undergoing some measure of transforma-
tion.
The dangers involved in this course are
well known in the White House, in the State
.--.-__,.
iru l1y every American
i
ment and
n v
on
h
ard vv iu >>
?-- -
home. But the penis of each new -v -- la.riy
is taken have to be measured against the State superintendent of public instruc- I believe that the concept of the academic
perils of not taking it. Painful though the tiOn, Mr. Leonard J. De Layo, and State community as a vital component of the gen-
decision is, the continuation of astrong poe- Senator I. M. Smalley, of Deming. eral community to both visionary and sound..
lure of resistance to aggression in South
such whether d ththe ese tyoungsters' education ask that the Governor'smarks be
than either still defeat or withdrawal. dangerous
The Albuquerque Journal ran an eui- ity to be eligible for a college education.
torial titled, very fittingly, "Good Will Although this is an admirable and a sig-
Th Illegal." nificant advance, it does not do the whole would be regrettable if some method job-
The e editorial commented that "it
could not be worked out to continue, As you know, Mr. President, Gov.
perhaps under Federal sponsorship, this Richard J. Hughes, of New Jersey, has
fine, hands across the border project. always been vitally interested in the
This is one program on which foreign aid expansion of our educational programs.
dollars could be spent without arousing When testifying before the Subcommit-
controversy." tee on Education, of the Senate Com-
blic Welfare
d P
,
u
The editorial reflected the view of mittee on Labor an
many people. Two who worked particu- Governor Hughes described his philos??
Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr.
President, the advancing pace of our
daily lives makes us- more than ever
aware that if we are to continue to
progress as a people, we must be willing
and able to prepare our youth to accept
these complex responsibilities. It is to
this end that the proposed Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 is directed.
This bill takes cognizance of the fact
that we must look to every segment of
our youthful population in order to find
the responsible leaders of the future.
This country may no longer rely on the
development of educated citizens from
only those who come primarily from the
higher income families. Talents are
measured, not by economic background,
but by the opportunity and the ability to
produce. This opportunity must be
available to all. The provisions of this
bill make it possible for all those of abil-
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June 10, 1965 CON' RESSIONAL RECORD - SENATF
saddest sights in the world is the dilapidated
farmstead that stands where a farm family
used to live. And we're getting more and
more of them in South Dakota-about 1,000
each year-because our farmers aren't getting
an adequate reward for their productive
skills.
I'm sure you agree that something needs to
be done about this worsening situation, and
I know this committee will do whatever is
possible to do to reverse the trend toward
rural depression. But from what I've read
and seen, I've concluded that the greatest ob-
stacle to decent farm legislation is the fact
that many people apparently don't think
parity of income is worth what It would
cost-either to the consumer or to the tax-
payer. And I'd like to say a few words about
that.
As you well know, there are only two
sources from which the producer of food can
get increased income and prices-from the
consumer, through the market, or from the
taxpayer, through direct payments. The op-
ponents of farm programs contend that if
you get it from the taxpayer, it's an unwar-
ranted subsidy. And they say that if you
get it from the consumer it's a "bread tax"
which our consumers shouldn't have to pay.
We can only conclude that those who
preach both of these lines at the same
time don't want increased farm income at
all.
So we've got to make the decision that
there is no other source-at least a visible
one-for more farm income other than the
consumer, or the taxpayer's pocket. And
then we must decide if it's needed, war-
ranted, and worth the expense.
I firmly believe that it is. From the
standpoint of need, I don't think we need
to do more than look at the number of farm
failures each year and the number of rural
businesses that are forced to close their
doors. In a nation where there aren't
enough jobs to go around, it's imperative
that we keep productive members of so-
ciety, rather than unemployed living on the
tax rolls of our towns and cities.
And I certainly believe that increased farm
income is, warranted-and deserved. The in-
formation compiled in the pamphlet, en-
titled "Food` Costs-Farm Prices," put out
by the House Committee on Agriculture in-
cludes the fact that last year consumers in
this country paid about $69 billion for
farm-produced food. That's a big chunk of
money. But even when you add the cost
of Federal farm programs to that figure, it
still comes to only 19.5 percent of the aver-
age family's income. This figure, standing
alone, is rather meaningless; but when you
compare it with corresponding figures in
other countries, it is truly amazing. Great
Britain has the next lowest food cost in
relation to personal income. Consumers
there, according to the latest UnitedNational
figures, spend 29.5 percent of their incomes
for food., Ii} France they spend 30.6 percent,
and in Russia they spend 53 percent.
Now, I've done a little calculating, and
I've determined that if consumers in the
United States had to spend as much of their
`incomes for food as in the next lowest coun-
try-Great Britain-the food bill here last
year would have been something like $104
-billion instead of $69 billion-or $35 billion
more than-it was.
To look disparagingly at "subsidies" in
light of this is, to me, nothing short of ridic-
ulous. The "subsidy" as I see it is clearly
going in the other direction-from the farmer
to the consumer-and It's about the biggest
8 T3isidy "there is in this country. The farmer
is truly'su'bt1dizing the consumer.
Now, I don't know what share of their
incomes consumer should rightly pay for
food. I don't think that even with full par-
ity income consumers in the United States
would have to pay as much as they do in
Great Britain. But I do say that the part
of the food dollar that goes to the farmer is,
in absolute terms, far too low in this country,
and that a substantial Increase is not only
warranted but Is an obligation. I'm 100
percent for the lowest cost, highest quality
food we can provide, but it is wrong to keep
the cost of food low by forcing those who
produce it into bankruptcy.
And let me note here that the food indus-
try, beyond the farm-particularly the retail-
ers-have taken a great deal of credit for
the low-cost food we do have, and that most
of this credit-and dubious credit it is-
belongs to the farmer. If he wasn't forced
to produce on meager margins and losses,
the cost of food would have kept pace with
the cost of everything else.
Finally, I'd like to express my opinion that
higher farm income is an urgent need not
only' from the standpoint of the farmer,
but from the standpoint of the consumer
and the broad national interest.
I've already pointed out that food costs
are unbelievably low in this country in com-
parison to the rest of the world. This Na-
tion Is, I am sure, the envy of the world
because of our food abundance and the
amazing ability of our family farmers to
produce enough, and too much food. We
are unique in having this problem of sur-
pluses. Many other countries, I'm sure, wish
they had the same problem.
But it's my contention that we won't have
this surplus problem very long-and we won't
have the low-cost food, either-if we lose,
as we are losing now, the family farmers who
produce it and if they are replaced by cor-
porate factories in the field.
I am supported in this statement by what
is happening in other countries. In Latin
America, for example, something closely akin
to the corporate farm in that most of the
people merely work on and do not own the
land they farm. And these countries are
Importers, not exporters, of food.
Or let's look at the Soviet Union. From
the farmworker or producers' standpoint,
there's not a great deal of difference between
working for a collective farm or a corporate
farm. And over there they've had to swallow
their pride, admit their failure, and look to
free countries for food.
So I don't think there's any question of
our need to maintain the family farm system.
And the only way this can be done is to sub-
stantially strengthen farm income. Our
group statement which Mr. Radcliffe has pre-
sented indicates in general terms what steps
we believe should be taken to accomplish
this end. It is my fervent hope that this
committee will act in that direction, and
will help in this way to avert economic dis-
aster In rural America.
Thank you very much for this opportunity
to appear before you.
STATEMENT OF C. E. POLLARD
The farmers in South Dakota have been
caught in the long-term cost-price squeeze
and are being "squeezed" as hard if not
harder, than in most other sections of the
country because of the lack of alternate op-
portunities for employment off the farm.
We should remember that the parity index
for agricultural commodities has reached 100
percent only twice during the last half cen-
tury, and that was during a time of war when
'restrictions were placed upon farm prices to
prevent us from recovering from the losses
which we had sustained during previous
years.
At the present time, the parity index is
standing steady at 74, having dropped from
100 at the beginning of 1953 steadily down-
Ward: In an attempt to compensate for de-
Creased prices, farmers have turned to tech-
nology and mechanization. Unfortunately,
the expansion of the productive plant has
not been followed by adequate compensation.
As a result, the capitalization, both in land
and in the assets of production, or the non-
12743
real-estate loans, has been increasing
steadily.'
The farm mortgage debt nationally has In-
creased from an index of 100 in 1950, to 249
in 1962. The non-real-estate debt index has
increased from 100 to 235 during the same
period. All debt has increased from 100 to
362 during this 12-year period; however,
the production assets have increased only
from 100 to 277. In other words, during this
12-year period, the debt Index increased by
262 points, and the asset increased by 177.
What has happened to all of us very sim-
ply, is that we have been living off of our
inventories, we have been existing because
we have reduced our standards of living by
reducing our purchases for those items which
most segments of our economy call neces-
sities, such as higher education for our chil-
dren. More important is the fact that we
have been substituting credit and borrowing
for earnings. This simply cannot go on
forever.
Our country banks are loaning up to their
legal capacity at the present time. The de-
mand for cash in order to continue business,
has been so great that a number of them
are discounting their short-term farm paper
for as low as 96 percent, in order to get this
capital. Total farm debt at the present
time held by reporting instituigns has in-
creased from $2,834 million in 1990, to $9,465
million In 1964. Nonreporting institutions,
including dealers, finance companies, etc., are
holding debts of $6,720 million at the end of
1964, up from $2,320 million in 1950.
That this presents an economic hazard to
our total community is indicated by the
fact that had agricultural income continued
to rise, after 1952, at the same rate that it
did in the previous 12 years and as the non-
agricultural segments of our economy did,
net spendable farm income would have been
$108 billion in excess of that which was
actually received. This would be in excess
of the total favorable balance of trade of
all exports during this same period of time.
What this has meant in terms of jobs that
have not been filled, due to declining pur-
chases of agricultural machinery and hard
capital goods, is difficult to estimate. It Is
safe to say that it represents the difference
between a booming economy and one which
is barely able to keep ahead of the next
recession.
Farmers are not asking for charity. They
do not want to go on welfare. They do not
ask for special treatment as "special" people,
with special privileges. What they do ask
for is adequate, and equitable, returns for
their labor, their investment, their man-
agerial ability, and their risk, that is com-
parable to that which would be returned
for these same economic factors in any other
segment of the economy. Self-survival de-
mands no less. The general welfare cannot
afford any less than this equity. Speaking
for the grange in South Dakota, I would say
that we are going to oppose any program
that will reduce farm income and we will
look with favor on any program which will
maintain and improve farm income.
"A CATTLEMAN'S VIEW" STATEMENT BY GEORGE
LEVIN, COCHAIRMAN OF THE CATTLE PARITY
COMMITTEE
Mr. Chairman, my name is George Levin.
I live at Newell, in the heart of the cattle
country. We are in the cattle business.
I speak as a citizen and as cochairman of
cattle parity committee.
The long and relentless deterioration of
farm income towers over other aspects of the
farm problem as Washington Monument
towers over Arlington. The underpayment
in agriculture has had a tremendous depress-
ing effect on the economy of the State of
South Dakota. Since 1950, we have lost
about $5.5 billion. This $5.5 billion could
have been earned without flexing one more
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 10, 1965
muscle, without investing one more penny,
without building one more factory, without
employing one more worker. We already
had the production. All we needed was a
price increase in farm products in relation
to the increase In the cost of operating ex-
penses. This $5.5 billion is lost forever to
the State of South Dakota. It can never be
recovered.
Because this price increase was not forth-
coining, we have witnessed a 300 percent in-
crease in the national farm debt, from $12
dollars in 1950 to $36 billion today. Farmers
and ranchers had no choice but to substi-
tute credit for the loss in earned net income.
This situation has brought country banks
near the end of their credit limitations.
Soon these banks will be forced to begin cur-
tailing loans to farmers and ranchers. Some
already have begun. As ]: was leaving, word
came to me that one of my neighbors had
been called in for a showdown. He is a
young, energetic, and capable rancher with
a good substantial operation, but that alone
isn't enough. It takes price, too, you know.
Who will be next we don't know but over 90
percent of the ranchers are deeply in debt.
Many thousands stand on the brink of dis-
aster as I speak to you today.
This persistent decline in net farm income
is no longer just a problem of the producers
of agricultural producers alone. This was
brought home very forceably to us last week
In the little town of Newell in western South
Dakota near where I live. A businessman
found that he was no longer able to keep his
doors open. He proceeded to dispose of his
place of business at auction. Though the
chant of the auctioneer rang loud and clear,
no one offered a bid. A lifetime of work and
investment had been rendered valueless.
The relentless downward spiral in net farm
income had chained another victim on main
street.
It is my firm conviction that if remedial
action is not taken at once by the Congress
to bring justice to the people In agriculture
this persistent decline in net income will
continue to increase at an accelerated pace.
Eventually it will have an adverse effect on
the national economy of such magnitude as
to halt this extended period of economic ex-
pansion that the country as a whole is ex-
periencing and plunge us headlong into seri-
ous economic depression.
The old addage that depressions are farm
led and farm fed still holds true today.
I agree with Senator McGovERN that "ei-
ther we devise a formula for generating at
least $5 billion of increased net income in
agriculture or we will see the collapse of
much of our rural economy, the steady exo-
dus of farm families from the land and an
acceleration of urban congestion and un-
employment." Unless we do this and even
more we cannot hope to make any progress
in the direction of retiring this huge national
farm debt. We will see 20 million people
leaving rural areas and moving to the cities.
This is neither economically or socially de-
sirable.
From my understanding of the policies be-
ing projected, production for export at world
market prices will soon replace adequate
price support.programs as the answer to the
farm problem. I don't think that the pro-
ducers of agricultural products should be re-
quired to underwrite the cost of the foreign
policy of this country. We have deinoti-
strated in the past that we are willing to do
our share 'nut we should not be expected to
carry the whL'e load.
In conclusion, I would like to stress that
price is our main problem as I stated in my
opening remarks. This problem can only
be solved by bringing justice and parity to
people in agriculture. In times past,.cattle-
men who produce feeder cattle have voiced
strong opposition to price support programs
but 2 years of low cattle prices has convinced
most of them of the need for some type of
legislation to alleviate the situation. The
success of the petition campaign for a Fed-
eral cattle program initiated by the cattle
parity committee bears witness to this fact.
Ranchers, large and small alike, joined whole-
heartedly with us in our efforts to petition
the Congress for a Federal cattle program
patterned in principle after the wool incen-
tive program.
"I used to think we didn't need a Federal
program for cattle but the last 2 years has
sure changed my mind" is an oft repeated
remark by"producers as we visited with them
about the situation.
The solution is as obvious as it is simple.
Wei ust improve and expand the Federal
far programs to reflect 100 percent for all
Lives ck products. including cattle with a
Tamil farm cutoff built in. Our failure
to, ac will invite tragedy to rural America.
THE REASONS FOR OUR COMMIT-
MENTS IN VIETNAM AND THE DO-
MINICAN REPUBLIC
Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr.
President, an editorial in the Trenton-
ian of May 10 ably states the reasons for
our commitments in Vietnam and the
Dominican Republic. Recent events in
these two countries have a common
theme-that of Communist aggression;
and not, as some may believe, U.S. inter-
vention. Our action in these two places
of world crisis continues to be for the
purpose of thwarting the offensive action
of Communist nations.
The interests of this country are chal-
lenged directly by Communist military
action in Vietnam and in the Dominican
Republic. The aggressive Communist
philosophy threatens the peace and se-
curity of our own helriisphere. We have
only to look at the most glaring mani-
festation of the Communist success-in
Cuba-to realize that this is a real, not
an imaginary, evil. Therefore, I ask
that the editorial be printed at this point
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
LET'S NOT FORGET WHO INTERVENED FIRST
(By J. Willard Hoffman, editor of the Tren-
tonian )
Too many Americans have never really un-
derstood why Americans are fighting and dy-
ing in Vietnam.
Now, too many don't understand why
Americans are fighting and dying in the Do-
minican Republic.
Perhaps they don't understand because
they, like all of us, hate wars-whether they
be big or little or declared or undeclared-
and therefore refuse to accept the fact that
there is any justification for armed action
by this Nation.
Or perhaps it is because they don't recog-
nize the threat of communism for what it
really is.
In any event, they should be able to grasp
the fact that Americans are fighting in Viet-
nam because they are fighting communism;
and they are fighting in Santo Domingo be-
cause they are fighting communism.
Here at home, some commentators and
some elected officials may rant and rave
about President Johnson's sending the
marines into the Dominican Republic being
an unilateral and illegal action, but they
conveniently ignore the fact that the Com-
munists intervened first.
For too long the policy of noninterven-
tion in Latin American affairs has been a
joke; all it meant was that the United States
could not intervene, but the Communists
could infiltrate and subvert wherever they
could and whenever they could.
So it was in the Dominican Republic. It
is a matter of indisputable record that more
than 50 trained Communist agents-most of
them from Cuba, but others from Russia,
China, and other Communist countries-
slipped into the Dominican Republic. Sub-
sequentlythey took advantage of a govern-
mental breakdown, aroused the people, passed
out arms, and did everything possible to reap
the benefits of civilian unrest.
Even if our Government had not known
beforehand of Communist plans for a take-
over of the Dominican Republic, it soon be-
came clear that that was exactly what the
uprising was all about.
What was the United States to do? Stand
by and implore the Organization of Ameri-
can States to get moving, then find the
hemisphere with another Castro-type regime
in power?
Of course not. President Johnson did what
he had to do at the only time that he could
hope to do it and achieve success. His ex-
cuse at first was, of course, to protect and
rescue Americans and other foreign na-
tionals. But it soon became clear that his
real purpose was to prevent the creation of
another Castro Cuba. He intervened, but
only after the Communists had Intervened
first.
The Reds started another phony "war of
liberation"--the same kind of "war of libera-
tion" they are waging to try to take over
South Vietnam. President Johnson decided
to thwart them before he found himself
with another Cuba and another Vietnam on
his hands.
As for Vietnam, let's pay attention to what
Secretary of State Rusk said recently in an
address :
"Let us be clear about what is involved
today in southeast Asia. We are not in-
volved with empty phrases or conceptions
which ride upon the clouds. We are talking
about the vital nationals interests of the
United States in the peace of the Pacific. We
are talking about the appetite for aggres-
sion-an appetite which grows upon feeding,
and which is proclaimed to be insatiable. We
are talking about the safety of nations with
whom we are allied-and the integrity of the
American commitment to join in meeting
attack."
Let us not delude ourselves into thinking
that the way to avoid world war III is to
let aggressive communism run rampant.
Such delusions paved the way for World War
II.
THE FARM-INCOME CRISIS IN
SOUTH DAKOTA
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, to-
day, nearly 200 South Dakota farmers,
bankers, and businessmen are in Wash-
ington, because of their deep concern
about farm income, the continuing and
steady failure of farm operators, the
disappearance of farming units, the
subsequent disappearance from rural
towns of stores and business establish-
ments, and, inevitably, the decline of the
towns, themselves.
This morning, the group submitted to
several of us, for inclusion in the record
of the hearings on farm legislation,
statements by five or six of the members
of the group. Their statements graphi-
cally tell the story of a declining rural
America.
I ask unanimous -consent to have
printed in the RECORD the statements by
Mr. Ben Radcliffe, president of the
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
South A) Accelerated Soil Conservation Service
Dakota Farmers Union; and by (
Mr. Ernest Johnson, the secretary of small watershed developments with ade-
agriculture for South Dakota. quate funds for planning, technical services,
being no objection, the state- and construction of improvements. Public
There g policy in this area should be broad enough
ments were ordered to be printed in the to include wildlife, recreation, and scenic
RECQRD, as follows: resources.
STATEMENT OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA RURAL (B) Adequate technical services to all soil
LOBBY-SUBMITTED BY MR. BEN RADCLIFFE, conservation districts, with the, long-term
PRESIDENT, SOUTH DAKOTA FARMERS UNION public interest in conservation of land and
The farm econom of South Dakota and water resources supported by public funds.
ry (C) ACP practices which divert dropland
other rural serious oit the approaching a major to alternate uses on an annual or longer
crisis. akeen situation
to Improve farm arm term basis should be given priority over land
Immediate
Inome, astepteps are taken Land rental arrangements
us. This s farm depression could result may soon be upon should be considered where the major bene-
recession in turn, could erno a general fits are of a public nature.
Nation. endanger r the III. Strengthened farms and rural com-
economy my that would
econ rs the munities through:
Numbers tell only ly part g the story, but (A) Earliest possible completion of the
they are sfarm SDakota Oahe diversion project in South Dakota.
While gross r e extremely m meaningful:
income in South e icom (B) Adequate loan funds for the contin-
has been increasing somewhat, higher pro- ued development of rural electric systems.
deeper into meager profits. According to
the South Dakota Crop and Livestock Report-
ing Service, net farm income in the State in
1963 was $ 5,4 million below the most recent
'5-year average.
Although final net income figures for 1964
are not yet available, total cash receipts from
farm marketings dropped another $12 million
last year. If the growth in production ex-
penses averaged the same as in the previous
10 years, the total drop in net income will
amount. to about 1)328 million.
The f960 census showed that median
family income in nearly a third of South
Dakota's counties was below the poverty level
of $3,000 per year. Significantly, these coun-
ties generally represent the most agricultural
areas and much of the best farmland in the
State.
The steady decline in net Income has
caused a continuing migration from the
farm. In 1931 there were 84,300 farms and
ranches in South Dakota. In 1950 there
were 67,100. Last year the number had
dropped to 54,000. Since 1955 the drop
has been 16 percent. Assuming that an
average farm family has 4 members,
38,000 people have left South Dakota farm
homes in the last decade.
The forced exodus from our farms has had
an obvious effect upon our cities and towns.
A generally accepted ratio is that for every
12 farms that disappear, one rural business
place must close its doors. The main streets
of hundreds of our rural communities bear
witness to this attrition.
To -improve the economic status of agri-
culture .and 'to avert the very real possibility 11 of a rural depression and the human hard-
ships' that would go with it, we ask for
action now, The economic plight of
.America's great heartland will continue to
worsen unless immediate steps are taken to
substantially Improve farm income.
We urge the Congress and the appropriate
administrative agencies to act quickly to
strengthen programs that directly affect
farm prices and income. The following are
.the goals that must be sought and the means
that sho`u)d be used to attain them:
1. Increasing farm cash receipts through:
(A). Higher certificate values and price
supports for wheat and feed grains in 1965
and in subsequent years.
(B) An administrative decision to keep
CCC sales of wheat and feed grains for un-
rest> 1L4daus2 tminimum, theieby creat-
;ing upward pressures on' market prices.
(C) Administrative action to boost ex-
ports of farm commodities.
(D) Immediate" action for a long-range,
balanced, all-commodity farm program of
equal benefit to the economic interest of all
family farmers.
II 'Improvement of the farmer's ability to
:manage his farm effectively and economi-
'ically $lrough:
(C) Increased rural economic develop-
ment to provide satisfactory job opportuni-
ties in rural areas, thus ending the forced
out-migration of young people from South
Dakota and other Great Plains States.
(D) Adequate farm credit both for con-
tinuing operations and for beginning farm-
ers.
FACTS OF INTEREST TO SOUTH DAKOTA
Components of cash receipts from farming
in the State
1963 1964
Livestock and livestock
products________________
Crops------------- ----
Government payments-___
$489, 011, 000
169, 010, 000
60,122, 000
Source: "Farm Income Situation,"
Economic Research Service, USDA.
,,Support prices for farm commodities
Coro ------- _ -------------
S orghum ----- --- ----
Barley- ----------------------------
Oats------------------------------------
Rye------------------------------------
Soybeans------------------------------
F laxseed--------------------------- ----
Milk------------------------------------
Butterfat (manufacturing) --__- -___
$2 per bushel 1----__-___-_----
$1.55per bushel z ----------------
1.25 per bushel a____
1.25 per bushel-----------------
$2 per hundredweight ------------
$0.96 per bushel_________________
$0.60 per bushel-----------------
$1.02 per bushel_________________
$2.25 per bushel_________________
$2.90 per bushel_________________
$3.15 per hundredweight---------
$0.58 per pound--; -------------
1965 support
as percent of
parity
Percent
82.6
61.8
49.6
9.0
80.0
77.0
72.0
75.0
74.3
75.9
75.0
$482,288,000
156,144, 000
67,924,000
700, 356, 000
101) percent of parity
as of January 1905
$1.55 per bushel.
$2.44 per hundred-
weight.
$1.23 per bushel.
$0.84 per bushel.
$1.37 per bushel.
$3.00 per bushel.
$3.80 per bushel.
$4.30 per hundred-
weight.
$0.79 per pound.
1 Support for domestic food use-45 percent of production.
Support for export use-35 percent of production.
Basic support-10 percent of production.
NOTE -"Parity" is defined as a return on family labor, management, capital investment, and risk conipncahlc
to the returns that similar production resources receive elsewhere in the national economy.
Number of farms and land in farms in South Realized gross and
net income
from farm-
Dakota, 1950-64 ing-Continued
[In millions]
Number
of farms
Average
size of
farm
Land in
farms
Gross farm
income I
Produc-
tion
expense
s
Realized
net farm
income
Acres
Acres
1959_---
67,100
669
44, 900,000 1956---- -------
$6
42.9
$380
.8
$162.1
1951 ----
66,300
670
45, 000, 000 1957____ --------
5
88.1
412
.3
175.9
1952- - ------_-.-_
65,500
690
45, 200, 000 1058---- ----- -----
7
44.0
448
.3
295.7
1953----
64,700
702
45, 400, 000 1959_____
6
61.3
429
.4
231. 9
1954
64,000
711
45, 500, 000 1960
_
6
65.0
458
. 9
206.1
1955-----_. ---
63,500
717
__
_
45, 500, 000 1961____
7
24.2
486
.5
237. 7
62, 500
728
45, 500, 000 1902___
7
53.5
525
.5
228.0
- _...-._-
1957
-
61, 500
738
45, 400,000
7
53.0
548
.6
204. 4
__
_
1958---- ._.. _---
60, 400
752
45, 400,000
1959---- . --- --
59, 600
762
777
45, 400, 000
000 I Includes cash receipt
45
400
s frwn marke
tings, Govern-
1900 ----- ------ -
1961
------
58, 400
57, 300
792
45, 400, 000 ment payments, value of home consumption, and rental
:
:
----. ...
56, 200
804
45, 200,000 value of farm dwellings.
1063--------- ----
55, 100
818
45,100,000
Source: South Dakota Crop and Livestock Reporting
1964-----------
54:000
833
45:000:000
Service
.
t
Growth of price spreads for fo
s
od produc
The number of farms and ranches in South
[III percent]
Dakota has dropped steadily from a high
of 84,300 in 1931. Since 1955-or in just the
last 10 years-the number has declined by
16 percent.
Source: South Dakota Crop and Livestock
Reporting Service.
Realized gross and net income from farming
[In millions]
1050-------------
1951-------------
1952 ------------
1963-- ----------
1954 ------ ---__ --
195b --_
Gross farm
income 1
Produc-
tion
expenses
Realized
net farm
income
x205. 1
240.0
905.5
14q. 5
224. 2
192. 9
Change in Change in
farm retail
Product value, price,
1947-49 1947-49
to 1964 to 1964
Wheat- -----------------
[)airy products__ ----
Poultry and eggs- -_.__-
Meat products ---------_-
Allfood products- --.----__
Down9___- Up 47.
Down 7----- Up 10.
Down 43____ Down 29.
Down 22 ---- Up 7.
Down 15 ---- Up 31.
Farmers in 1964 delivered 46 percent more
food into the domestic market than they
did annually in the 1947-49 base period.
Americans paid about $69 billion for the
farm-produced food they consumed in
1964-$28.2 billion or 69 percent more than
Approved For Release 2003/10/15: CIA-RDP67B00446R0003001800g8-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
12746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 10, 1965
their average food bill in 1947-49. Of this agencies, while only $3.7 billion trickled back Source: House Committee on Agriculture
$28.2 billion increase, $24.5 billion, or 86.9 to farmers in payment for their 46 percent study, "Food Costs--Farm Prices," released
percent, went to processors and marketing greater volume of marketings. in April, 1965.
Market spread for related products
947---
964, _ _
Retail
Farm
Farmer's
Retail
Farm
Farmer's
Retail
Farm
Farmer's
Retail
Farm
Spread
Farmer's
price
value
share
price
value
share
price
value
share
price
I
I
value
(
share
61.8
'48.2
20.0
Percent
56
50.9
30.5
18.5
Percent
69
36.6
21.0
15.6
Percent
57
11
9
13
7
8
2
Percent
25
77.8
46.6
35.4
54
54. 6
30.2
29.8
47
47.7
21. 7
26.0
45
.
20.7
.
23.2
.
17.0
12
2 2.5 cents wheat.
today feeds 33 persons, while in Europe one
worker produces only enough for 10 people.
In Russia, under a collectivist system, one
farm worker's production feeds only four
or five persons.
FOOD---A BARGAIN
The overall cost of food to the consumer
in the United States in relation to his in-
come has continued to decline. In 1950,
food costs amounted to 22.8 percent of per-
sonal income, while consumers paid only
18.5 percent of their after-tax earnings for
food in 1964. If the costs of farm programs
were added to food bills, food would still
take only about 1.9.5 percent of family
income.
In contrast to the United States, con-
sumers in the United Kingdom, according
to the latest United Nations figures avail-
able, spend about 29.5 percent of their in-
comes for food; in Russia, 53 percent; France?
30.3 percent; Greece, 46.3; Italy, 44.7; and.
Ghana, 54.1 percent.
One farm worker in the United States
STATE LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH COUNCIL,
PIERRE, S. DAK.
PERSONAL INCOME IN 1964
Although personal income advanced to a
new high in nearly every State in 1964, ac-
cording to the Office of Business Economics
of the U.S. Department of Commerce, the
Plains and Rocky Mountain States did not
share the national increase. Personal in-
comes in 1964 were down in Montana, North
Dakota, and South Dakota (which had the
greatest negative deviation from the national
increase of 6 percent-South Dakota's in-
Total and per capita personal income, 1963-64
Total personal income -
(
Per capita personal income
Amount
-
(in millions)
Percent
change
1960
1961
1962
Percent of
1963 to 1964
1963
1964
national
1963
1964
average, 1964
united States -----------------------------
Iowa
$461,610
$487,881
6
$2, 217
$2, 2618
$2,367
$2
448
$2
550
1(10
--------------------------------------
:Ll7nnesotn------------------------------
6,3011
8
152
6,533
8
356
2
3
2,024
2
2,106
2,203
,
2,323
.
2.370
93
N4ontana...___.-____________________________
Nebraska
,
1,55;1
,
1,539
-1
,073
3,007
2,149
1,935
2,208
2,238
2,334
2,215
2,373
2
183
93
90
______________
North Dakota ----------- ,_---------------
3,3711
1
300
3,407
1
298
1
2,135
2,147
2,276
2,300)
,
2,302
90
South Dakota .-_-________________-------
Wyoming
-
,
1,390
849
,
1,300
(I
-6
1,746
1,854
1,552
1,842
2.201
2,077
2,016
1,963
2,01
1,83
79
72
-
-------------- _----------------
849
2
2,311
2,301
2,440
2,460
2,475
97
STATEMENT BY ERNEST JOHNSON, SECRETARY
of AGRICULIURE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
My name is Ernest L. Johnson. I am sec-
retary of agriculture for the State of South
Dakota. I am a member of this rural lobby
in order to express my deep concern and that
of the administrative branch of government
in my State, about the depressing income
picture facing our farmers.
The members of this committee are well
aware, I am sure, that the United States is
in the midst of the longest peacetime eco-
nomic expansion in our history. A good in-
dicator of this is the fact that between 1963
and 1964 total personal income in our coun-
try increased by fully 6 percent. The gross
national product is setting new records each
quarter. The economy is booming.
In the face of this you might think we are
alarmists when we speak of approaching
farm depressions and general recessions.
Well, we are alarmed. We are alarmed be-
cause farm people and-on a broader scale-
rural people are being left out of this un-
precedented prosperity.
Last year in South Dakota, where nearly
55 percent of total personal income is farm
cash receipts and at least another 25 percent
or more Is derived indirectly from farming,
personal income fell by 6 percent according
to the Office of Business Economics of the
U.S. Department,of Commerce. Between 1963
and1964 per capita personal Income in the
United States increased by $102. In South
Dakota it dropped by $131. Per Capita in-
come in our State now stands at only 72
percent of the national average. And it was
less in 1964 than it was in 1960.
The reason for this lagging In the fortunes
of South Dakota and rural people is not to
difficult to find. It is seated in the paradox
that while our farmers have become the envy
of the world in terms of productivity and
efficiency, they are being forced into second-
class economic citizenship by rising costs and
dropping net returns.
The members of this committee are as
aware as anyone of the success story of
American agriculture. You know that this
Nation's farmers are providing more and bet-
ter food at less relative cost to the consumer
than anyone, anywhere has ever produced.
You know that even when the costs of farm
programs are considered, the average Amer-
ican family spends only about 19.5 percent
of its income for food, while in the country
with the next lowest relative food cost-
Great Britain-consumers spend close to 30
percent of their incomes on this basic
necessity.
This Nation can be immensely proud of its
farmers. And I believe we are. But a farmer
cannot feed, clothe, house and educate his
family on congratulations. He cannot sur-
' vive as a viable part of our economy without
a decent return for the investment and effort
he puts forth.
come was down 6 percent), and in most of
the other States of the area increases were
generally limited to 1 or 2 percent. It Is
significant that in every State in the Plains
and Rocky Mountain regions, nonfarm in-
come rose at approximately average rates;
the failure to meet the national average was
attributable directly to the decline in agri-
culture.
Contributing also to South Dakota's over-
all decline in personal income was the very
substantial reduction in contract construc-
tion (-22 percent), which resulted from
the completion of military sites (principally
the Minuteman missile installations).
Figures on per capita income and sources
of personal income for the Nation and for
South Dakota and its neighbors are shown
In the following tables:
VIETNAM
Mr. KENNEDY of New York. Mr.
President, I ask unanimous consent to
have printed in the RECORD articles ap-
pearing in the New York Journal Ameri-
can of June 7, 1965, and the Life maga-
zine of May 28, 1965.
These articles bring home poignantly
the courageous and heroic struggles of
American fighting men in Vietnam.
They serve as our link with the world
of daily patrols, of sudden ambush, of
attacks on Vietcong battalions, of de-
fense of Vietnamese villages. They help
us share the toil, strain, and sacrifice
borne by fellow Americans.
The daily toll of dead and wounded
Americans expressed in numbers, and
names that many of us do not know, can
only partially 'describe the struggle and
sacrifice that those in combat undergo.
We only begin to appreciate the costs
of defense of the free world when we
learn of the individual and collective
heroism of those fighting in Vietnam.
Lt. Harold Dale Meyerkord, USNR,
Capt. Christoper J. O'Sullivan, and Sgt.
Willie Tyrone have made the final sac-,
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved for Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June 10, 1965
CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD"SENATE
rifice in combat in ' Vietnam. With in-
credible courage and skill they have
shown once again that the American
fighting man has no superior in his
ability to meet the threat of aggression.
I hope that every American will take
this opportunity to learn firsthand of the
sacrifice and contribution of Lieutenant
Meyerkord, Captain O'Sullivan, and Ser-
geant Tyrone and join me in paying
tribute to their heroism.
We cannot. repay the , loss to their
families but we should make it known
that all Americans owe them an infinite
obligation and extend their deepest sym-
pathies at this time.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New 'Stork Journal-American,
June 7, 19651
HERO'S LAST MESSAGE: "A MATTER
OF DUTY _e * *"
(By Donald R. Flynn)
Losing a son on a battlefield-any battle-
field-is tough. When hardly anyone seems
to care about the battlefield, it's worse.
But try to imagine the feelings of the
O'Sullivan family of Astoria, Queens, with
their son dead in the steaming jungles of
Vietnam when unknown "college students"
telephoned to Say, "I'm glad he got killed."
These "college students" called Mrs.
Eleanor O'Sullivan, the young widow of Capt.
Christopher O'Sullivan, and his parents, Mr.
and Mrs. William 'O'Sullivan, to say that
Americans shouldn't be in Vietnam.
"I hope they all get killed," one of these
"students" said.
Ironically, Captain O'Sullivan didn't have
to be in Vietnam. He stayed longer than
he had to because of duty-duty to his con-
science, to his comrades, and to the Viet-
namese who asked him not to leave.
Why was Captain O'Sullivan in Vietnam?
Read these letters from a soldier to his par-
ents and his wife, and find out.
"April 15. Dear Folks: By now, I am sure
Eleanor has told you of my decision to re-
main. * * * I wanted to try to explain. My
counterpart, the (Vietnamese) battalion
commander, asked me to remain. This is in
itself a rare occurrence.
HARD DECISION
"I have spent a long time deciding. I
prayed to God for guidance. I thought of
all the sorrow and anguish I could bring to
you and Dad and especially Eleanor.
"There was only one decision. I had come
to Vietnam to try to help in any way I
could, I was being asked to continue that
help. I had no right to refuse.
"I. now know intimately the dangers in-
volved. But I have no grounds for refusing
to remain. So, I am remaining with the
battalion
On May 29, Captain O'Sullivan wrote the
last letter of his life, to his wife, Eleanor:
"Tonight, my heart is sadder than it has
ever been before. Lt. Don Robinson (a
buddy) was out on an outpost. A. regimental
portion of a Vietcong force hit -the outpost
and survivors say Don and the two non-
coms with him and the battalion commander
were captured.
"If he was wounded, the Vietcong have
killed him. If he was captured, 'we will never
see him again.
SEARCH AREA
"Tomorrow, three companies of the bat-
talion * * * are going into the outpost area
to loof[ fQr Don and his two sergeants. I
am witing this fetter because * * I feel
it Is necessary to search the area, or fight
the Vietcong, to find Don or his body.
"I promised you that I would he overly
cautious now that I am rotating so soon,
I 'cannot keep that promise this time. 'Don
has a young wife and a 3-year-old
daughter.
"If he was to go looking for me, you would
want him to do the best job he could.
"By the time you receive this letter, it will
be all over one way or the other. Tonight,
I pray to God it will be for the best.
"To lose (Don) to a duty that wasn't even
his, to lose him when I possibly could have
fought to prevent his going, I will never be
able to forget that. God have mercy on
both of us."
Captain O'Sullivan, 28, of 20-20 27th Street,
Astoria, could have gone home long before
that day. He didn't have to look for his
buddy.
But he went, and on the way to find sur-
vivors, he and his force were overrun and
killed to the last man.
[From the New York Journal-American,
June 7, 19651
I'M WOUNDED AND WE'RE RUNNING OUT OF
AMMUNITION
(By Guy Wright)
QUANG NcAI, June 7.-It was their first
night of rest since the battle began and they
spent it talking about the two dead men.
They told me about the last message they
received from Sgt. Willie Tyrone, of Abilene,
Tex.: "and I am wounded and we're running
out of ammunition."
Sergeant Tyrone and Capt. Christopher J.
O'Sullivan, of Astoria, Queens, were advisers
to the 39th Vietnamese Ranger Battalion,
which was ambushed at a bend in the road
on its way to relieve a beleagured outpost at
Bagia.
The battalion command group was pinned
down and completely wiped out, but that's
getting ahead of the story. When Sergeant
Tyrone radioed his message, the unit had
repulsed the first attack.
"And both Tyrone and Sully, before he was
killed, told us they'd captured over 200 enemy
weapons. That means they killed over 200
Vietcong," said Maj. Earl Sykes. "When
they're attacking, you don't capture their
weapons without killing them first."
"Sully must have died instantly, judging
from the shrapnel in his head," Capt. Clar-
ence W. Dillworth said.
Captain Dillworth was a marine. The
others were Army. But after what they'd
been through together, a man's uniform
didn't make much difference.
CALL FOR COPTER
"Sully wasn't the type you expected to get
killed," the marine said of his soldier friend.
"Some guys, you watch them and you figure
sooner or later they're gonna get it. But
not O'Sullivan.
"The last time I saw him I slapped him
on the can and told him to take care of
himself-it's hard to believe."
Major Sykes nodded agreement and con-
tinued the story of Sergeant Tyrone's heroism.
"When we got his message, we called for
a copter to take in more ammo and bring
him out," the major said. "But he waved it
off. The VC were too close. He said he only
had a flesh wound in the arm and didn't
want to risk the lives of the copter crew
by having it try to land."
Those lives the sergeant was concerned
about were Vietnamese lives, incidentally.
His decision cost him his own. For the Viet-
cong attacked again a few hours later and
this time they overran the command group,
killing every man.
HIT BY SHELL
The sergeant's body, when it was found
the next day, had part of the chest torn
eway by some kind of shell that had hit
him.
"I heard he was already in for a decora-
t'on," someone said. "Now it will be post-
12747
We sat for a while, not saying anything.
Then Major Sykes told the strange story of
Captain O'Sullivan.
"The bad part about Sully," he said, "was
that he wasn't even supposed to be there.
He was being transferred and could have
been on his way before the attack started.
But a Catholic chaplain was coming Sunday
and Sully said he would like to stick around
for confession.
"I'm not Catholic myself," the major said,
"but I saw it meant something special to
him. So, I told him, 'Sure, Sully, suit your-
self. Another couple of days won't make any
difference.'"
As it turned out, they made all the dif-
ference. By Sunday, Captain O'Sullivan was
no longer alive. And when the chaplain ar-
rived here 2 days later, it was to conduct a
memorial service for the dead captain.
[From Life magazine, May 28, 1965
IN SEARCH OF A VIETNAM HERO
(By Laudon Wainwright)
Harold Dale Meyerkord was a man who
liked to keep track of meaningful events,
and among his records is a list headed "dates
on which I was on boats receiving hostile
fire." The entries are numbered and with
each date there is also written the place of
action. The list begins with August 13,
1964. The final item is No. 30, put down by
Meyerkord in reasonable anticipation after
he had finished with No. 29, but there is no
date or place beside it. To complete the
record, it should read March 16 on a canal in
the Ducton district of the Vietnamese delta,
and the hostile fire Meyerkord drew there
that day killed him.
Except that he died in it, the action was
not extraordinary. Meyerkord himself had
participated in many more spectacular en-
gagements. He was killed in a sudden flurry
of fire at the end of a day's operations, and
if he had time to think after the shooting
started and before the rifle bullet reached
his brain, he must have been furious at
being taken so by surprise. For if anything
can be said with certainty of Lt. Dale Meyer-
kord, USNR, it is that he knew precisely
where to expect trouble and was usually
ready for it.
The word "aggressive," in fact, is the one
most often used by Meyerkord's colleagues
in their efforts to describe him, and it is al-
ways offered as the highest form of compli-
ment. In their, view-though they probably
would not use the term-Dale Meyerkord was
a hero. The true proportions of heroes have
always held a deep fascination for me, and
when I first heard about Meyerkord, I won-
dered what a search beyond and beneath the
formal accounts of his gallantry would re-
veal. Would it, for example, tell me why he
behaved heroically? Would it show me what
sort of man he was between braveries?
Would I find out what he thought and what
he cared about? Could I, in short, come to
know him?
The official records in Saigon provided
some details on Meyerkord's job and on his
behavior in it. His duty was to advise the
Vietnamese commander of the 23d River
Assault Group working in the labyrinthine
rivers and canals of the Mekong Delta. He
had also to work on the planning and carry-
ing out of operations with other military
leaders both Vietnamese and American. The
19 boats of the River Assault Group, or RAG,
were used to carry Vietnamese troops to bat-
tle, but they were more than transport ves-
sels.'. Varying in length from 60 to 35 feet,
they carried sustantial firepower-mortars,
40- and 20-millimeter guns, .50- and .30-cali-
ber machineguns-and when they lined up
and brought all these weapons to bear, they
became a murderous force. If Meyerkord
was aggressive, his counterpart, the Viet-
namese RAG skipper Nguyen Van Hoa, suited
him exactly. The two men plotted con-
Approved For Release 2003/10/15: C1A-RDP67B00446R000360180028-0
 12748
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0 ,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 10, 1965
stantly for action, and when they 'weren't
carrying troops on an operation, they pa-
trolled the waterways on the lookout for
pockets of Vietcong.
On days when nothing was going on with
the boats, Meyerkord went to the airfield
near his base at Vinh Long and flew on ob-
servation missions in all recpnnaissance
planes or armed helicopters. Prom these
trips, many of which drew fire as the chop-
pers swooped down as low as 50 feet. Meyer`-
kord increased his knowledge of the area and
kept his charts up to date. The records were
strangely bare of personal information about
Meyerkord. His superiors recalled that he
was 27, was married, had a wife and small
daughter living in St. Louis and that he had
served on a destroyer before coming to Viet-
There was better documentation of some
of his actions. On one occasion last No-
vember, his RAG landed troops, then got
well ahead of them in a canal so narrow
that it was impossible for the boats with
the heaviest guns to come up and fire. When
the other boats began to draw sniper fire,
Meyerkord scouted ahead on foot, found that
the canal was blocked and that the Vietcong
were waiting in force. Under heavy fire he
set up a command post, called for and di-
rected artillery, summoned air strikes, and
when friendly troops caught up with him
he directed them, too, in routing the Viet-
cong. Another time, when one of the RAG
boats was damaged and two Vietnamese
sailors were wounded. Meyerkord left, his
own boat, took another to the vessel where
the wounded men were, gave them first aid
and `then got back to his boat, all this time
in the middle of a fire fight. On a third oc-
casion his RAG guns could not be fired be-
cause friendly troops were in the way. Meyer-
kord ordered the boat to back down the
canal. When the Vietnamese troops saw
this, they thought the operation was being
canceled and began a quick retreat them-
selves. Then suddenly Meyerkord ordered
the boats ahead, past the troops,, and now,
with a clear field of fire, he opened up with
all the guns he had. The battle was won.
Dale Meyerkord's own log and reports are
entirely matter of fact, even, in some places,
laconic. "I don't wear a helmet or flak vest,"
he wrote at one time. "My preparations con-
sist-of setting my carbine on auto and load-
ing it with a clip and tracers. These I will
use to direct fire." After he had picked up
an enemy flag in the field one day, he wrote:
"The flag I can use for trade goods to obtain
more weapons or other desired items." After
his jeep went off the road one day when a
landmine exploded just ahead, he said of it:
"Examination showed that several muscles
and tendons were injured." He could be
sharply critical when he did not like the way
things were going, and he said of one Ameri-
can officer whose performance didn't suit
him: "An adviser that is overly cautious and
places needless stumbling blocks in an opera-
tion is a handicap." And he must have
been laughing at himself when he wrote:
"While jumping from the boat to the pier
with my gear, the pier collapsed and I ended
up in the Mekong. This presented an ex-
cellent opportunity to test my waterproof
watch and equipment. It all worked when
I got ashore and tested it."
From men in Saigon I learned a bit more
about Dale Meyerkord. "I could see right
away that this was a ruddy, gung-ho individ-
ual," said his boss, Capt. W. H. Hardcastle, Jr.
"He seemed to have maturity and confi-
dence in himself." I learned that Meyer-
kord's radio code name was Hornblower.
"He used to talk about his delta experience
a lot," a friend recalled. "Sometimes even
too much. He told about it in such detail
a person might think he was bragging. But
why should a brave man be modest and
charming? He was fascinated by the whole
thing. When he tried to explain to you one
of his eyeball-to-eyeball moments, you could'
see he was exhilarated by it.
A snapshot told me only that Meyerkord
was blond and lean and not tall. I flew to
Vinh Long to meet more of Meyerkord's
friends. It is only 45 minutes by helicopter
from Saigon, but the trip takes one into an
entirely different world. The ugly little war
in Vietnam seems suddenly much more per-
sonal, and the chopper pilot only slows his
blades to let his passengers off. The town
and the bases there are secure enough, but
the VC are active in the countryside im-
mediately surrounding it, and precautions
against enemy marksmanship, like bringing
aircraft into the tiny field at a rate of descent
so sharp that a landing seems virtually a
controlled crash, are entirely called for. This
had been Dale Meyerkord's town for the
last 9 months of his life, he had died in
a canal just a few kilometers up the road,
and It was the right place to come.
"He spent a lot of time with us out here,"
said Capt. Clarence Boyle, pilot and sec-
tion leader for the small spotter and ob-
servation planes used In the area. "Every-
body here at the field had a lot of respect
for him. The V.C. respected him too. They
knew all about him and his iron boats.
Somebody tried to change his call sign from
Hornblower to something else, but he just
wouldn't answer from the boat when we
gave him the new call, and we had to go back
to Hornblower." Meyerkord's Vietnamese
counterpart, Commander Hoa, was away on
navy business, and I was not able to see him.
But it became clear from talking to others
that the relationship between the two men
was more than professional. - They had spent
much off-duty time together, and Hoa had
invited Meyerkord to be the godfather of
a child born shortly after the American died.
Navy Chief Ralph Gentile had been with
Meyerkord during his tour in Vietnam, but
he was not on the boat the afternoon of the
lieutenant's death and he feels badly about
it. "We used to talk on the boat at night
when no one was around," Gentile said. "He
told me how he'd worked on farms in the
summers when he was akid going through
college. He talked about his mother some,
and he talked about his wife and daughter.
I'm 42, a lot older than him, and he was very
interested in how my wife and I were bring-
ing up our kids, about what kind of things
we wanted for them, about how much money
we're spending on them. I think he was try-
ing to get some ideas of what he might do
for his own child in the future. Sometimes
you'd think he was out here on a good-will
tour," Gentile went on as we drank beer on
a porch overlooking the Mekong River. He
took about a hundred school kids out for a
ride on the boats one day, and he was very
good with the local Vietnamese chiefs.
He scrounged a lot of medical instruments,
and a doctor showed him how to make
stitches. His stitches looked a little tangled
but they did the job.
Gentile paused a moment. "I think he
tried to protect me," he continued. "He
tried to keep me away from him when there
was something doing on the boats. I used to
kid him when he'd go off on an operation
without me. 'Well, what do you want me
to tell your wife?' I'd ask him. 'Hell,' he'd
say, 'them bullets turn away every time they
come toward me.' "
At the airfield that night the armed heli-
copters came back very late from a big and
successful fight. I talked to the leader, Capt.
Robert Molinelli. "The day before Dale was
killed," Molineili said, his dirty face drawn
with fatigue, "we flew out there together to
that canal. We both knew it well. Dale was
one of the few people we could work in
real close to and not scare him or his troops.
Those rockets make a helluva noise. Woof
when they go, crack when they break the
sound barrier, boom when they hit." Mo-
linelli took a sip of his iced drink. "I was
10 feet above his head that day," he went on.
"As a matter of fact I tried to shoot for
him, but he told me to go away. I told him
to get his fanny out of the open. Just a
little later somebody called and told me
Hornblower had been hit. He loved to fight
and he loved to live. I couldn't believe it."
Army Capt. James Snooks 3d was observing
the operation from Meyerkord's boat the day
he was killed. Snooks, a Navy chief named
Eugene Barney and Meyerkord were on .:the
open deck of the lead vessel when it went
slowly around a curve and nosed in toward
the bank.
Meyerkord, apparently not expecting any-
thing, was seated with his back up against
the windshield of the boat when the firing
started. "I could see the muzzle flashes and
smoke," Snooks recalled. "We were receiving
fire from three positions, quite close, 30 to
40 yards. I was down on the deck now and
firing with the carbine, and Barney was
shooting the shotgun. Meyerkord may have
been shooting too. But I wasn't looking at
him. I heard him say, 'I'm hit.' Barney
reached up to pull him down, got hit himself
and Meyerkord got hit again. Barney said,
'Lieutenant Meyerkord is dead,' and I looked
then and he was right."
I also talked to Maj. Oscar Padgett, Jr.,
senior adviser to a Vietnamese infantry regi-
ment. He worked with Meyerkord on many
operations. "His contribution was as high
as any I've seen," Padgett said. "If you send
the best over here, you're going to lose the
best. He was often working from an exposed
position because he could report enemy
strengths and weaknesses to us better that
way, and he set a great example for the men.
If he found out that I had an operaiton that
his bunch wasn't in on, he'd be knocking at
the door. 'Why can't I go?' he'd say. 'There
are canals down there I know better than
anyone else.' He was a pretty smart lad.
He liked to laugh and lie and kid me about
how he was furnishing the ammunition for
the Army."
Padgett paused and frowned in recollec-
tion. "I didn't really like that hat, though,"
he said. "It was an Australian-type bush
hat, one of'those things that turns up on
one side, and I told him if I was shooting at
the boats, I'd shoot at somebody with a hat
like that. But Hoa had a hat too, a floppy
one he called his fighting hat. I told Dale
they looked like sheepherders in them. When
they brought him in on the litter, there was
that hat down around his feet."
Meyerkord's replacement as adviser to the
23d RAG is a cheerful young lieutenant
named David Swavely. He knew Meyerkord
and admired him, but he did not talk much
about him. I did not want to ask, but I
finally had to inquire if Swavely had found
it difficult to follow in the footsteps of a man
so generously respected as Meyerkord. "Oh,
no," he answered with absolute candor.
"These people around here made things very
easy for me. They do all kinds of things for
me. They see the Navy coming, and auto-
matically you're Hornblower."
The last person I talked with in Vinh Long
was Hugo Aragon, an Army chief warrant
officer. He did not work with Meyerkord on
operations but the two men spent much free
time together and were close friends. "That
was a strong, outspoken personality," Aragon
said. "He told you what he thought, and he
didn't think he'd die here. That day I was
going on a trip in the jeep and crossed a
bridge over one of the canals, and I saw him
and the boats. I tooted the horn at him and
he waved back."
Aragon, a short, dark man, crossed the
little room and fumbled through some be-
longings. He came back and handed me an
empty pint flash. "I'm a scotch drinker,"
Aragon said, "and you can't get it every place
around here. You have to carry it with you.
Two days before he died, Dale gave me that.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
It was his." I turned the flask over and saw
the initials H.D.M. in the silverplate.
A flask says nothing. You can't even tell
much about a man by reading his words or
talking to his friends. But by this `time I
wished heartily that I had some recollec-
tions of my own about Dale Meyerkord.
MERGERS AND TRANSPORTATION
Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr.
President, as the chief sponsor and
strategist of the 41964 mass transit bill,
I have maintained a close and careful
interest in the many problems of com-
muter mass transit which are plaguing
municipalities all over the country. The
question of how to efficiently and com-
fortably transport large numbers of
working people during peak rush hours
is one that is, particularly troublesome
to my own State of New Jersey.
Part of this problem arises from the
absence of an overall, coherent policy
which would integrate all transportation
facilities-rail and bus, as well as high-
way.
I ask consent to have printed in the
RECORD an editorial, from the April 1,
1965, issue of the Washington Post,
which discusses this problem, and, in
particular, relates it to the proposed
merger between the Pennsylvania Rail-
road and the New York Central Railroad.
There being no objection, the editorial
.was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
[From the Washington Post, Apr. 1, 19651
MERGERS AND TRANSPORTATION
The proposed merger between the Penn-
sylvania and New York Central Railroads
has been advanced a step further toward
realization with the approval of the Inter-
state Commerce Commission's trial exam-
iners. It now appears likely that the ICC
will accept the examiners' recommendation.
But before sanctioning the largest merger
in this country's history, the union of the
Pennsylvania and the Central should be ap-
praised within the broad context of national
transportation policy. For as the examiners
aptly remarked, merger is not a panacea for
the ills that beset the rails. Nor is merger
a reliable route to the creation of an adequate
network of transport facilities.
The Penn-Central merger, by eliminating
duplicative facilities and increasing operat-
ing efficiencies, will result in a financially
viable entity. But what of the eastern roads
that are not included? Smaller paralleling
roads such as the Erie-Lackawanna would
be placed in an untenable competitive posi-
tion. And more seriously, the exclusion of
the Boston and Maine might well deprive
much of the New England region of rail
service.
Mergers must perforce result in the elim-
ination of some weak roads, but they should
not be permitted to tear great gaps in the
rail network. Therein lies the weakness of
the ICC's case-by-case approach to mergers.
What is required is an overall plan for rail
consolidation, an outline of a balanced net-
work that would, serve as a guide for future
mergers.
In recommending the Penn-Central mer-
ger the examiners painted a rather gloomy
12749
picture of the railroad future. But much
of their pessimism might be dispelled if
the railroads were permitted to compete
against trucks on an equal footing. Rail-
roads are disadvantaged by their inability
to reduce rates without performing a lengthy
ritual before the ICC.
And unlike the trucks which bear a very
small part of the cost of building and main-
taining public highways, the railroads are
burdened with enormous costs of their
rights-of-way. Unless this balance is re-
dressed by eliminating the archaic ICC rate
regulations and imposing realistic user
charges on trucks, the benefits that can be
obtained through wise railroad mergers will
be dissipated:
If there were a coherent Federal trans-
portation policy, a verdict on the wisdom of
the Penn-Central merger could be reached
with relative ease. But in the absence of
a policy, one can only point to its defects
and dangers and hope that they will somehow
be eliminated.
ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 11 AM.
TOMORROW
Mr.. LONG Qf Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, if there is no further business to
come before the Senate, I move, under
the previous order, that the Senate stand
in adjournment until 11 o'clock tomorrow
morning.
The motion was agreed to; and (at 7
o'clock and 41 minutes p.m.) the Senate
adjourned, under the previous order,
until tomorrow, Friday, June 11, 1965, at
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028?=0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
.House of Representatives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
Dr. Wendell Bohrer, Good Shepherd
Church of the Brethren, Morgantown,
W. Va., offered the following prayer:
Let us pray: 0 most merciful Father
in heaven, who governs the people of the
earth, we offer to You again our thanks-
giving for every divine blessing. Espe-
cially do we thank You for this Nation
and for these men and women who have
been selected from its people to serve as
its leaders and stewards.
We therefore pray that Your divine
blessing be bestdwed upon them in these
crucial times. Deliver them from blind-
ness of heart, from love of ease, and from
failure to do the good which You set be-
fore them.
Grant that, in the hours of this day and
in every day, they may have the wisdom
to know what is best to do and the cour-
age and the dedication with which to act
upon such wisdom.
May Thy blessing rest also upon the
people of this Nation and upon Thy peo-
ple everywhere.
May we find the courage to be the kind
of true disciples those were who were
disciples of Your Son, our Lord and
Saviour, Jesus Christ, in whose name we
pray. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of yes-
terday was read and approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
A message in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States was communi-
cated to the House by Mr. Geisler, one of
his secretaries, who also informed the
House that on the following dates the
President approved and signed bills of
the House of the following titles:
On June 5, 1965:
H.R. 806. An act to amend the Textile Fiber
Products Identification Act to permit the list-
ing on labels of certain fibers constituting
less than 5 percent of a textile fiber product;
H.R. 1453. An act for the relief of the Jeff-
erson Construction Co.;
H.R. 3899. An act for the relief of C. R.
Sheaffer & Sons;
H.R. 6691. An act to validate certain pay-
ments made to employees of the Forest Serv-
ice, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
On June 7, 1965:
H.R. 2139. An act for the relief of Mrs.
Mauricia Reyes.
On June 8,1965:
H.R. 7031. An act to provide for the estab-
lishment and operation of a National Tech-
nical Institute for the Deaf.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by Mr.
Arrington, one of its clerks, announced
that the Senate had passed without
amendment a bill of the House of the fol-
lowing title:
H.R. 2166. An act for the relief of Staiman
Bros.-Simon Wrecking Co.
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the amendments of the
House to a bill of the Senate of the fol-
lowing title:
S. 1000. An act to amend the act of July 29,
1954, as amended, to permit transfer of title
to movable property to agencies which as-
sume operation and maintenance responsi-
bility for project works serving municipal
and industrial functions.
AUTHORIZING APPROPRIATIONS
FOR CERTAIN RIVER BASIN
PLANS
Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker,
I ask unanimous consent to take from
the Speaker's table the bill (H.R. 6755)
authorizing additional appropriations
for prosecution of projects in certain
comprehensive river basin plans for flood
control, navigation, and other purposes,
with Senate amendments thereto, and
concur in the Senate amendments.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The Clerk read the Senate amend-
ments, as follows:
Page 2, in the table following line 2, im-
mediately under the center headings insert:
"Alabama-Coosa ------ March 2, 1945______
$38,0001000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in the
line beginning "Arkansas River" 'strike out
"$115,000,000" in the third column and in-
sert "290,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in the
line beginning "Brazos River" strike out
"6,000,000" in the third column and insert
"14,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in the
line beginning "Central and Southern Flor-
ida" strike out "11,000,000" in the third col-
umn and insert "30,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in the
line beginning "Columbia River" strike out
"73,000,000" in the third column and insert
"223,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, strike
out:
"Los Angeles-San Gabriel __-.__ August 18,
194110,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, after
the line beginning "Los Angeles-San Gabriel"
insert:
"Lower Mississippi--____ May 15, 1928-____-
53,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2 in the
line beginning "Missouri River" strike out
"24,000,000" in the third column and insert
"116,000,000'..
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in the
line beginning "Ohio River" strike out
"3.000,000" in the third column and insert
"89,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in the
line beginning "Ouachita River" strike out
"1,000,000" in the third column and insert
"11,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in the
line beginning "Upper Mississippi River"
strike out "14,000,000" in the third column.
and insert "27,000,000".
Page 2, in the table following line 2, in
the line beginning "West Branch Susquehan-
na River" strike out "6,000,000" in the third
column and insert "17,000,000".
Page 2, line 4, strike out "Act" and insert
"section".
Page 2, line 4, strike out "$263, 000,000"
and insert "$908,000,000".
Page 2, after line 4, insert:
"SEc. 2. In addition to previous authoriza-
tions, the completion of the Great Lakes to
Hudson River Waterway, New York, project,
approved in the River and Harbor Act of Au-
gust 30, 1935, as amended, is hereby author-
ized at an estimated cost of $5,000,000."
Page 2, after line 4, insert:
"SEc. 3. In addition to previous authoriza-
tions, the completion of the comprehensive
plan for flood control and other purposes in
the Los Angeles River Basin, approved by
the Flood Control Act of August 18, 1941, as
amended and supplemented, is hereby au-
thorized at an estimated cost of $31,000,000.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Alabama?
Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. Speaker, reserv-
ing the right to object, and I do not in-
tend to object, let me state that this bill
varies from the House-passed bill simply
by making 2-year authorizations of the
required extensions of river basin proj-
ects that have already been authorized.
as an overall program. The Senate
amendments meet with the unanimous
approval of the House Committee on
Public Works members, because we have
had difficulties in recent years with in-
adequate advance periods of authoriza-
tion that have caused contracts to be
running out of funds when they are half-
way through. Therefore, we are in full
support of the Senate bill on both sides
of the aisle.
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, reserv-
ing the right to object, and I shall not
object because I support the bill, but, as
I understand, this bill does not contain
any new authorizations but only continu-
ing authorizations for existing projects
and programs and thus should receive
unanimous consent, is that not correct,
I ask the gentleman from Alabama?
Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. I yield.
Mr. JONES of Alabama. That is cor-
rect. These are continuing projects that
have heretofore been authorized.
Mr CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I with-
draw my reservation of objection.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ala-
bama?
There was no objection.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 -June 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECHO' SE
jective of it, would be to make certain
that When 'the decision was made as to
the nature of 'tl e project, the project
would have to come back for proper au-
thorization which unquestionably is the
authority of the Public Works Commit-
tees of the: douse and Senate and is
exactly the same language that was
written into the Public Building Act of
1959 and was ;signed by the then Presi-
dent Eisenhower and is precisely the
same language that was contained in the
Water Resources Act of 1964, sighed` by
President Johnson, although he said he
eservations about it at the time.
had reservations.-
.So I say to all on both sides of this
issue, you should support on 'Tuesday
next the effort to reinstate the powers of
Congress relating to the Northwest dis-
aster' relief bill which will be pending
before you at that time.
The CI AXRMAN. Under the rule the
Committee rises.
Accordingly= the Committee rose and
the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. tows)
having resumed the chair, Mr. ROSTEN-
xowsxr; Chairman of the Committee of
the Whole House on the State of the
Union, reported that that Committee,
haying 'had under consideration the bill
CH.R. 8439) to authorize certain con-
Struction, at military installations and
for other purposes, pursuant to douse
Resolution 408, he reported the bill back
to the House with sundry amendments
adopted by the Committee of the Whole.
The_SPEAKER pro' tempore. Under
the rule the previous question is ordered.
Is a separate vote demanded on any
amendment? ? If 'not, the Chair will put
The amendments were agreed to.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
question is on the engrossment and third
?res;ding of the bill.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed
and read a third time, and was read the
third time.
Mr, WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I offer
a motion to recommit.
The SPEAKER pro tempore: Is the
gentleman opposed to the bill?
Mr. WYDLER. I am in its present
form, Mr. Speaker.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
Clerk will report the motion.
The Clerk read as follows:
Mr. WYDLER moves to recommit the bill
H,R. 8439 to the Committee on Armed Serv-
ices with instructions to report the same
back to the House forthwith with the follow-
Ing amendment:
On page 68, line 16, at the end of the line
a new sentence as foliows:
"This paragraph shall appply to any such
closure, substanti&1rgduction, or consolida-
tion,previotisly ordered, which was still in-
complete as of June 1, 1965.".
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
question is on the motion to recommit.
The question was taken, and the
Speaker pro tempore announced that the
noes appeared to have it.
Mr, WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I object
to the vote on the ground a quorum is
-not present, and make the point of order
that it quorum is not present.
The ' ;I'EAKF;,R pro tempore. The
Chair will count, [After counting.]
Two hundred and fifty-two Members are
present, a quorum.
The motion to recommit was rejected.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
question is on the passage of the bill.
The bill was passed, and a motion to
reconsider was laid on the table.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
REMARKS
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that
all Members may have 5 legislative days
In which to extend their remarks in the
RECORD on the bill just passed.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. s there
objection to the request of the gentle-
There was no objection.
U.S. POLICY IN VIETNAM-ADDRESS
OF THE VICE PRESIDENT
(Mr. McCORMACK (at the request of
Mr. BoGGS) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter,)
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in
my remarks I include a well-considered
address, that should be widely read, de-
livered by Vice President HUBERT HuM-
PHREY on June 1, 1965, at Michigan State
University:
ADDRESS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT
It is a pleasure to accept the invitation of
the Michigan State People-to-People Com-
mittee to discuss U.S. policy in Vietnam.
Coming here today from Washington-
once aptly described as "a city of southern
efficiency and northern charm"-it is refresh-
ing to return to the atmosphere of excite-
ment, of expectation and love of learning that
is characteristic of a great university.
Action is to the. politician what reflection
is to the scholar-and as a political leader, it 11 is a rewarding experience to confront the en-
thusiastic questioning of the student and the
careful scrutiny of the professor.
It Is a welcomed-if risky experience.
It is welcome, because nowhere are solid
arguments and perceptive judgments more
appreciated.
It, is risky because nothing chills nonsense
like exposure to the brisk air of a university.
The subject which I ani' about to discuss
with you is appropriate for this audience be-
cause it pertains to war and peace.
No group should be more interested in war
and peace than those who will be expected to
bear the brunt of the fighting if war should
come.
It, is therefore a natural and healthy
phenomenon that war and peace In south-'
east Asia should have become the subject of
lively debate and vigorous discussion on uni-
versity campuses across the country.
As. the debate on U.S,_ policy in Vietnam
has flourished during the past 6 months, the
United States has, continued to be challenged
to match deeds with words in opposing ag-
gression and defending the freedom of a
friendly nation,
We have met that challenge.
Our firm and decisive tespbnse to naked
aggression against South Vietnam has dem-
onstrated to our friends that our power re-
mains preeminent and our devotion to free-
dom firm-and to our foes that the United
States }s no paper tiger.
The rne..astlred application of American
power proves that we are prepared to meet
aggression in whatever form-that we shall
12797
not be forced 'to choose between humiliation
and holocaust-that the firmness of our re-
sponse in no way diminishes our devotion to
peace.
Our action In Vietnam is a part of the con-
tinuing struggle which the American people
must be prepared to wage if we are to pre-
serve free civilization as we know it and
resist the expansion of Communist power.
It is a further indication that the breakup
of the bipolar world, which has characterized
the International relations of the.past two
decades, and the easing of tensions between
East and West following the nuclear test
ban, may have changed the pattern of U.S.
involvement in world affairs, but it has not
diminished it.
We retain the role of leader of the free
world that we inherited at the end of World
War II, and in that role our responsibilities
remain worldwide. In that role our respon-
sibility extends to distant Asia as well as to
countries on our doorstep.
President Johnson has made it unmis-
takably clear that we intend to meet those
responsibilities.
It was in the role of defender of the free
world that we originally made a commitment
to Vietnam in 1954.
It was in this role that three administra-
tions maintained that commitment.
Although as students of history you may
debate the wisdom of the original decision to
take up the responsibilities which the French
relinquished in 1954, this question has little
reliance for the policymaker today.
President Johnson in his Baltimore speech
of April 7 and his Washington speech of
May 13 spelled out those alternatives and
which we have chosen as the basis of our
policy.
They are three:
First. In the face of armed conflict, in
the face of continued aggressions, we will
not withdraw, we will not abandon the
people of Vietnam. We shall keep our word.
Our refusal to withdraw is based on our
recognition that sudden withdrawal from
Vietnam would only weaken the position of
free societies in Asia-which could only re-
gard withdrawal as a loss of interest by the
United States in the area and enticement to
accommodate themselves to Communist
China.
In refusing to withdraw we reject the
belief that by some Hegelian law of in-
evitability, China is destined to swallow up
all of Asia. And I find it curious that
proponents of the inevitability theory so
often combine it with advocacy of the Tito-
ist doctrine that Vietnam would become an
independent neutral nation if we would with-
draw our military forces. The arguments
are absolutely incompatible.
We refuse to withdraw in the certain
knowledge that withdrawal would mean the
betrayal of those who have opposed the
spread of communism in southeast Asia,
would mean certain death or exile.
Finally, in relation to the Sino-Soviet con-
test, a ? withdrawal by us would vindicate,
the Chinese thesis that militancy pays-
and discredit the Soviet thesis of peaceful
coexistence.
Second. Recognizing that a political solu-
tion of the conflict is essential, we stand
ready to engage in "unconditional discus-
sions." We have no desire for further mili-
tary escalation of the war. We stand ready
to p consider any solution which would bring
"`eace and justice to all of Vietnam, North
and South.
I would like to make crystal clear who is in
favor of a political settlement and who is
opposed, who has offered the olive branch
and who has rejected it. President Johnson
has affirmed not only our willingness to hold
unconditional discussions to end the war,
but our ardent desire to do so.
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 10, 190
What has been the response of the Corn-
munist governments in Hanoi and Peiping?
They have rejected every peace offer from
any source. They have spurned the efforts
of the U.N. to mediate. They have scorned
the offer of the British. They have brushed
aside the efforts of, the Indian Government.
In short, the Communist governments in
Hanoi and Peiping have rejected all efforts
to restore peace and justice to the people of
Vietnam.
Third. We recognize that the people of
Vietnam must have a cause for which to
fight, they must have hope of a better day.
We have made it clear to the people of Viet-
nam that to improve their lives and fulfill
their hopes we stand ready to support a mas-
sive cooperative development effort-not
only for Vietnam but for all of southeast
Asia. It is our hope, as President Johnson
has said, that "the works of peace can bring
men together in a common effort to abandon
forever the works of war."
These three principles-honoring our mili-
tary commitment, a continuing willingness
to seek a political solution, and a massive
economic development program-remain the
bases of our policy.
The struggle in Vietnam has a special sig-
nificance for the United States as the de-
fender of the free world because it confronts
us with a bold new form of aggression which
could rank in military importance with the
discovery of gunpowder. I refer to the
"war of national liberation."
Vietnam offers a classic example of what
can be accomplished. by militant Communist
forces intent on deliberate subversion of a
country from within.
There we have seen a Communist state
refuse to leave its neighbors in peace. We
have seen the infiltration of Communist
cadres to strengthen and direct guerrilla
warfare in violation of international accords.
We have seen the Communists who control
and direct the war from Hanoi insist that
the war in South Vietnam is internal because
many of the Vietcong are South Vietnamese.
We have seen them portray the struggle as a
civil war, in which the "popular forces" are
arrayed against "American imperialism."
It is this new sophisticated form of war-
fare that is becoming the major challenge to
our security, to the security of all free na-
tions. This new warfare is often more dan-
gerous than the old-a war- in which the
leaders cannot be located, in which the
sources of supply cannot be easily out off, in
which the enemy forces are not outsiders but
indigenous troops-in which signed truces
do not halt the struggle.
The supreme challenge today is to prove
to our Communist foes and our freedom-
loving friends that the new face of war is
no less pernicious than the old, that it can
be defeated by those of strong mind, stout
heart and a will of steel. We know now that
most Communist regimes do not desire to
blow the world to pieces. They prefer to
pick it up piece by piece.
How do we successully meet the challenge
posed by wars of national liberation? We
need a balanced military force comprising air,
sea, and land power. We need maximum
flexibility in our forces-making it possible
to respond rapidly to any situation. We
need men experienced in guerrilla and
psychological warfare, in all the para-
military arts that are practiced in wars of
national liberation. We must adapt our air-
craft and ships to the conditions we find.
We must relearn the tactics of ground war-
fare in a guerrilla setting and adapt our
equipment and our weapons accordingly.
Overwhelming military power alone is not
an adequate response to wars of national
liberation. Since these wars feed on seeth-
ing social discontent, success in countering
them requires a subtle blending of economic
aid, political expertise, educational efforts,
information and propaganda programs, com-
bined with military power.
Where wars of natiohal liberation flourish,
the military struggle is but one part of a
larger social and political struggle. And
these struggles will continue and revolution-
ary ferment will increase until governments
come to power capable of implementing
systematic social and economic programs de-
signed to abolish shocking social and eco-
nomic inequality between the privileged few
and the impoverished masses, between glit-
tering capitals and festering slums, between
favored urban enclaves and primitive rural
areas.
For the masses of the people in the de-
veloping countries of Asia who have never
known the benefits of modern civilization,
the status quo is no longer a burden to be
patiently borne, but an oppressor to be cast
off.
The primary responsibility for preserving
the independence and security of a country
remains with the people and the govern-
ment of that country. If the people and
their leaders have no will to preserve their
independence, no outside force can save
them. If the government can provide the
people with a cause for which to fight, with
a program inspiring sacrifice and effort, that
government can be capable of defending it-
self against Communist infiltration and sub-
version from within. Where subversion from
within is supported from outside, as in the
case in Vietnam, outside assistance is needed
if such a government is to achieve this capa-
bility. In many areas of the world, the
United States has inherited the role of pro-
tector and defender of non-Communist
nations which are under Communist assault.
It is a role we have not sought. It is often
a painful and expensive one. But it is an
essential one, both to the security of the
non-Communist world and to our own.
As I have noted, in overcoming wars of
national liberation no one mode of response
is adequate. At this point I would like to
call attention to the nonmilitary side of the
struggle that is required in this complex
situation. My example again is Vietnam.
I refer to the little noticed side of the
struggle-the struggle for a better life. It
is the battle of the Vietnamese people not
merely to survive, but to build, to make
progress, to move forward.
In the past decade, rice production has
been doubled. Corn output is expected to be
four times as large next year as it was in
1962. Pig production has more than doubled
since 1955.
The average Vietnamese can expect to live
only 35 years. Yet there are only 200 civilian
doctors., A new medical school we are help-
ing to build will graduate that number of
new doctors each year.
Meanwhile, we have helped vaccinate more
than 7 million people against cholera and
millions more against other diseases. More
than 12,000 hamlet health stations have
been built and stocked with medical sup-
plies.
In Vietnam, as everywhere, civilization is
a race between education and catastrophe.
Education is the foundation of any country's
future. For it is impossible to run a gov-
ernment, local or national, to man factories
or to enrich the national life without trained
and educated people. Elementary school
enrollment was 300,000 in 1955-it is five
times that number today. Vocational school
enrollment has quadrupled. The university
population is increasing steadily.
This progress has been achieved against
the most appalling odds. It has been made
despite the carefully planned and executed
program of terror and harassment carried
out by the Vietcong.
There is a curious misconception abroad
that the Vietcong is a great idealistic move-
ment, a sort of "Indo-Chinese wing of the
American Populist Party"-to use Arthur
Schlesinger's phrase. In reality, they are,
he continues, "a collection of very tough
terrorists whose gains have come in the main
not from the hopes they have inspired but
from the fear they have created."
In the countryside, agricultural stations
have regularly been destroyed and medical
clinics raided. Malaria control team mem-
bers have been killed or kidnaped. Vil-
lage chiefs, schoolteachers and others who
represent order and social service have been
made special targets by the terrorists.
All told, it is estimated that 10,000 civilian
officials have been killed or kidnapped since
1954. If one were to use comparable figures
for the United States in relation to popu-
lation, this would amount to 130,000 officials.
Yet the effort goes on despite these attacks
and dangers. Brave and tireless Vietnamese
continue to take seeds and fertilizer and
farming know-how to the villagers; teachers
continue to man the schools; medical tearns
go into the country despite the clear and
always present danger. And at their side-
I am proud to say-go American civilian
workers. And they, too, have been killed
and kidnapped. These men and women,
Vietnamese and American-and increasingly
of other nationalities-are the unsung, un-
publicized heroes of this phase of the strug-
gle. So long as they persevere wars of na-
tional liberation can be defeated.
As I understand it, you have decided to
participate in this struggle by adopting the
hamlet of Long Yen in Tay Ninh Province.
This hamlet, 60 miles from Saigon, has
vigorously resisted absorption into Vietcong
hands. I am told you plan to raise funds
to build a new two-room school, to construct
an open-air market, and to pay for both a
schoolteacher and a health officer. These
are things the people of the hamlet them-
selves have decided they most need and want.
I have heard that word of Michigan State's
program has struck sparks in other cam-
puses as well. This is most encouraging,
most inspiring. For the need is so great-
not just the physical need, but the need
for people to know that other people stand
with them. In this fashion you will be
helping the Vietnamese people build a fu-
ture for themselves. You will be working
to defeat a new and pernicious form of ag-
gression against mankind.
In assisting independent nations-whether
in southeast Asia or in our own hemisphere-
there will be required on our part patience
as well as courage, the will to endure as well
as the will to resist.
But our willingness to meet our obligation
to assist free nations should not be confused
with a desire to extend American power or
impose American ways.
We do not aspire to any Pax Americana.
We have no desire to play the role of global
gendarme. Where multilateral organizations
are ready and capable of assuming the bur-
den of defending independent nations from
Communist assault, of preventing internal
rebellions from leading to chaos and anarchy,
we welcome their intervention. As we know
from recent history, international organiza-
tions like the UN are not always capable of
stepping in quickly. When they are capable
we welcome their presence.
Our stakes in southeast Asia are too high
for the recklessness either of withdrawal or
of general conflagration. We need not
choose between inglorious retreat or un-
limited retaliation. The stakes can be
secured through a wise multiple strategy
if we but sustain our national determina-
tion to see the job through to success.
Our Vietnamese friends look forward to
the day when national independence and
security will be achieved, permitting the
withdrawal of foreign forces. We share that
hope and that expectation.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2,003/10/15 : CIA=RDP'67B00446R000300180028-0
une 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
But we know that that hope cannot be
achieved if the United States shirks its obli-
gations, if it attempts to withdraw from the
world, to retreat from its responsibilities as
a world leader. If we refuse to share the
burden of preserving the peace-who will
take it on? If we refuse to share the bur-
den of defending free societies, who can
guarantee their survival? If we will not
join in the defense of democracy,-what are
its future prospects?
I fail to see the logic of those who recom-
mend that .we withdraw from the world. If
we are concerned about our national security
in all its aspects, we cannot ignore Asia be-
cause Europe has been made secure. We
learned by hard experience in Europe that
involvement is the price of resisting aggres-
sion, that appeasement is not only morally
wrong, but a threat to national security.
In a complex world, we must practice pa-
tience and perserevence--patience to defend
free nations in distant Asia as well as those
close to -home. "'k6' must not 6e lured by
q`uick and easy solutions. We must not
abandon our goals because of frustration.
We must continue to pursue the goal of peace
and freedom-acknowledging both the pros-
pects of success and the consequences of
failure. If we act with ? vision and wisdom,
we shall not fail.
THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
(Mr. HANNA asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, we have
been witnessing some interesting but in
some respects distressing conflicts in the
presentation of our national assessment
of our national economy., The policy and
position of the. President and his admin-
istration has been that our economic out-
put , can be steadily increased with bal-
ance and stability. Indeed such expan-
sion 3s an absolute necessity in the light
of increased technology and the press of
unemployment. The posture of the Fed-
eral Reserve Board seems to lean, against
this position and seems convinced that
progress can only, be bought by danger-
ous inflation, Let it be understood that
we all appreciate and highly respect the
distinct role that the Federal Reserve
plays in our monetary and fiscal policy.
That this role calls for a cautious ap-
proach is not questioned, but it should
also be responsible and ought to be re-
sponsive to the avowed policy of the
country's leadership so long as that lead-
ership is not demonstrably irresponsi-
ble.
We have as the Chairman of the Fed-
eral Reserve a very highly qualified in-
dividual. A man of great ability, high
intellect and long experience and, inci-
dentally, one of the most astute poli-
ticians outside of political office, using
that term in its.elective sense, Mr. Mar-
tin does very little, if anything, by ac-
cident and misadvertence. Character-
istically, he speaks and acts upon careful
and thoughtful consideration. He would,
I am sure, be the first to admit, how-
ever: to being subject to error. He still
puts is pants on one leg at a time like
the rest o1 its an4 he can be wrong. If
my, memory serves me correctly, the
Chairman,of the Federal Reserve Board
was wrong in his expectations about the
tax cut which we passed last session,
It is not for being subject to error that
the Chairman should be faulted, how-
ever. It is in exercising less than the
highest level of restraint in his public
statements. His is one of the most sensi-
tive positions in the United States. To
the degree that the heavy responsibility
of that office is not reflected in responsi-
bility ringing in every public utterance,
he can do great disservice.
May I say, Mr. Speaker, that I enter-
tain not only a high respect for Mr. Mar-
tin, I am also deeply impressed by the
complexity and difficulty of the subject
matter over which he exercises with his
Board awesome jusisdiction. Running
tandem with this respectful regard none-
theless is a commonsense understanding
of the inexactitude of the economic art
which all economists interested in mone-
tary matters practice. There are no ab-
solutes in the field and the truth is as
elusive as in any intellectual pursuit. No
amount of systematizing or invention of
vocabularly can obscure that fact. It be-
hooves the actors in the monetary role
then not to,play the "heavy."
It is for just these reasons that I am
disappointed with the recent speech by
Mr. 'Martin in which he undermined the
confidence of those elements in our soci-
ety most needed to be encouraged to
maintain the balance effort to achieve
continuing stable progress. Cautionary
criticism and advice on constructive re-
straint should and have been welcomed,
but an unrestrained lowering of the
monetary boom with the tone of impend-
ing doom is not in keeping with the ap-
propriate role of the Federal Reserve
System. That we are not alone in being
disturbed by the conflicting positions
between the Federal Reserve Board and
the administration is obvious.
Mr. Speaker, the Washington- Post of
May 31 carried a very disturbing article
by Frank Porter, apparently prompted
by very definite signs that the Federal
Reserve Board is going it alone in mone-
tary and credit policy, regardless of ad-
:ministration views.
Columnist Porter could not have put
the question any more bluntly than
when he asked:
Are William McChesney Martin, Jr., and
the Federal Reserve Board he heads in open
rebellion against administration policy?
Frankly, Mr. Speaker, it is my own
opinion that it is about time a few blunt
questions were asked and some straight
answers given on the vital question of
money and credit. 'Just what is going
on?
The United States is the only ad-
vanced industrial nation I know of
where credit may be manipulated by
small groups without any political re-
sponsibility. Former Secretary of the
Treasury Dillon was fond of saying, even
in testimony before the Banking and
Currency Committee, what a friendly,
old time was had over lunch when the
Treasury and Fed officials- exchanged
views on these issues so vita `s oM-Asher
icans. But Mr _l?lllon never failed"to
admit, albeit reluctantly, 'thatt the Fed-
eral Reserve could always tell the Treas-
ury where to get off. In plain words, the
Fed right listen politely and then make
12799
independent decisions on money and
credit even though Treasury would vig-
orously disagree. Now, what kind of
government is this where the voters do
not have even an indirect voice in these
matters?
President Johnson has pledged us ade-
quate credit at low interest rates while
wisely dealing with the gold outflow by
selective measures. And our price stabil-
ity over recent years has been a marvel
for all to behold-prosperity without in-
flation. 9o when the Fed plunges bank
reserves down close to $200 million in
the red, then maybe Eliot Janeway is
right when he suggests that "right un-
der L.B.J.'s long and inquisitive nose,
Chairman Martin has crossed the Presi-
dent up in this most senitive area of gov-
ernmental operations."
Mr. Speaker, if it is Martin who is in
charge here and not the administration
or other elected officials, I think it is high
time the folks back home knew about
The complete article by Mr. Porter fol-
lows and after it is a more recent article
reflecting Mr. Fowler's reaction to Mr.
Martin's recent speech:
[From the Washington Post, May 31, 19651
FEDERAL RESERVE RESTRICTIONS RAISE SOME
ISSUES
(By Frank C. Porter)
Are William McChesney Martin, Jr., and the
Federal Reserve Board he heads in open
rebellion against administration policy?
Or is the White House in tacit agreement
with the Fed's shift toward a tighter mone-
tary policy? '
Will the trend toward tighter money and
credit help choke off present prosperity, as
it was accused of doing in 1957 and 1960?
Or will it reduce the threat of an over-
heated American economy and help bring the
balance of international payments into
equilibrium?
These are questions ? being asked about
Washington with increasing frequency these
days. And hard answers are hard to come by.
Administration spokesmen are mum on the
subject.
The Federal Reserve System exercises sub-
stantial control over the Nation's stock of
money and interest rates by fixing the level of
reserves commercial banks must set aside
against their deposits, by raising and lower-
ing the interest rate on loans the Fed
makes to its member banks and-most im-
portantly-through its purchase and sale of
Government securities in the open market.
READING THE WIND
In the words of Chairman Martin, it "leans
against the wind" by easing money and credit
when business conditions are depressed and
tightening up when surging' prosperity
threatens an inflationary blowoff.
But its critics charge that its timing is fre-
quently off-that instead of leaning against
.the -,wind the Fed Soirietilnes leans, With
it and falls on its face.,
In its 1964 annual report, the President's
Council of Economic Advisers singled out
restrictive monetary policy as a chief factor
in the downturns of 1957 and 1960.
For most of the'current51--month econom-
ic expansion, the Fed has gone along with
frequent White House admonishments to
keep money relatively easy. As recently as in
,his January economic message, President
Johnson warned that ponetary policy should
not be permitted to cancel the expansionary
effects of last year's tax out.
When Mr. Johnson put forth his 10-point
program to reduce the Nation's international
Approved For Release. 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 12800
Approved For Release 2063/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
(CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 10, 19611-
payments deficit, it was widely interpreted
as in lieu of tightening money and raising
interest rates to halt the dollar outflow,
SWITCH IN POLICY
But since then the Fed has switched
from relative ease to a moderately tight
policy--a more that possibly was fore-
shadowed when Martin told Congress in late
February that if the President's program
failed to produce results "we must be pre-
pared to take whatever measures are needed,
including of course, a less expensive overall
credit policy."
The President's program appears tenta-
tively to have reversed the outflow. But
free reserves-a measure of commercial
banks' unused lending powers-have been
allowed to drop from an average $103 million
in January to $32 million in February, to
minus $76 million in March and to minus
8113 million in April. The figure is now
averaging nearly minus $150 million,
This has led Eliot Janeway, Neap York
economic consultant, to suggest that "right
under L.B.J: s long and inquisitive nose,
Chairman Martin has crossed the President
up in this most sensitive area of govern-
mental operations."
AGREEMENT ASSUMED
Janeway's thesis is that the administra-
tion had assumed an agreement with the
Fed on a target of zero or neutral reserves,
that it assured bankers there would be no
money squeeze when the bankers agreed to
limit oversea loans to help the payments sit-
uation, that the swing toward tighter money
is already reflected in a skittish stock mar-
ket and bodes ill for the economy in general.
A Capitol Hill economist complains that
the Fed "hasn't allowed a damn nickel for
commercial expansion" and is putting a se-
vere strain on business ability to finance
inventories and receivables,
On the other hand, a prominent Wall
Street investment banker, who is no friend
.of tight money, sees no danger in the present
policy unless it is pursued further. He feels
it is a normal reflection of the abnormal
pace of economic expansion in the first
quarter.
And an administration economist also
leery of restrictive monetary policy is in-
clined to discount the negative reserve post--
tion. He notes long-term interest rates have
remained stable and sees no dearth of li-
quidity in the economy.
[From the Washington Post, June 9, 19651
SECRETARY FOWLER DISCOUNTS BOOM-BUST
TALK
(By Joseph R. Slevin)
Secretary of the Treasury Henry H. Fow-
ler, predicted yesterday that the United
States will enjoy noninflationary growth and
prosperity "as far ahead as one can see."
He told the Senate Finance Committee
that he is "not at all fearful" of another.
1929 crash and stressed that the American
economy is expanding in a healthy, balanced
way.
The Cabinet officer's statements came as
a firm rejection of a week-old warning by
Federal Reserve Board Chairman William
McChesney Martin, Jr., that there are "dis-
quieting similarities. between our present
prosperity and the fabulous twenties-" Mar-
tin's statement touched off a sharp stock
market break.
"The dissimilarities between the two situa-
tions so far outweigh the similarities that
I'm not at all fearful," Fowler declared.
The Treasury head made his comments in
reply to committee questions as the finance
group opened hearings on a $4.8 billion ex-
cise tax cut bill that the House passed last
week.
Fowler asked the committee to reject the
House measure in favor of a more modest
$3.6 billion excise reduction that President
Johnson recommended in mid-May.
"The administration's distinct preference
* * is that the bill we would like to see
emerge is the bill in line with the President's
program rather than the bill approved by
the House," Fowler said.
In giving the committee his confident pre-
diction of a-steady growth in economic ac-
tivity, Fowler said the administration has
raised its sights since it made its yearly eco-
nomic forecast in January and now expects
that the gross national product will be higher
than its original $660 billion estimate.
The Secretary ruled out an inflationary
boom along with a 1929 bust. He said it is
important to be aware of potential dangers
but he declared that the economic barome-
ters "give grounds for solid confidence that
our expansion will continue without undue
strain on the economy or on manpower."
"The ecnomy is catching its breath follow-
ing the very large sales and production in-
creases of the first quarter," Fowler said.
"We see and expect a continued orderly
growth as far ahead as one can see."
SLOGAN IN WASHINGTON NOT
"POLITICS AS USUAL," BUT "POLI-
TICS AT THE FLICK OF A FINGER"
(Mr. GROSS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker. late Tues-
day the House approved an expenditure
of public funds for the hiring of opera-
tors to man some of the ultramodern,
fully automatic elevators in the Rayburn
Office Building.
Bright and early yesterday morning,
even before the bill could be messaged to
the Senate, the political pap had begun
to flow. The powers-that-be had started
to install the operators. Apparently the
political patronage machinery was
greased and rolling even before the House
gave approval.
Apparently the old slogan in Washing-
ton of "politics as usual" is out. It is
now "politics at the flick of a finger."
INTENSIFICATION OF NATIONAL
EFFORT TO BEAUTIFY AMER-
ICA
(Mr. SWEENEY asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his re-
marks, and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. SWEENEY. Mr. Speaker, during
the recent past months, under President
Johnson's urging, there has been an in-
tensification in national effort to beau-
tify America. I sense that on the State
and municipal level there has begun a
local participation that can only have
the most favorable effect insofar as
cleaning up junkyards and effectively
curtailing the littering of waste through-
out the land.
This Nation not only owes an obliga-
tion to the President for his efforts in
this field, but Mrs. Johnson is to be
equally commended for her leadership.
I am pleased to draw the attention of
the House to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch
editorial of Sunday, May 23, 1965, which
points out that the basis of "America the
Beautiful" today lies as much with
Americans as with Government.
The editorial of the St. Louis Post-
Dispatch is as follows:
CHALLENGE TO THE SPOILERS
The skeletons of discarded cars, old junk-
yards, litter our countryside-and are driv-
ing my wife mad.
The husband who said that is President
Johnson. The words are more simple obser-
vation than political oratory, yet they indi-
cate that the President, or his wife, started
something.
They have started the White House Con-
ference on Natural Beauty in Washington
this week. That in turn is intended to start
Americans thinking about the beauty, the
dignity and good taste of their every-day life.
An American in London will note that
Englishmen do not throw paper on the
streets. An American in Paris will observe
that Frenchmen do not break mementoes off
the Notre Dame Cathedral. An American
almost anywhere in the European country-
side will see few billboards, auto graveyards
and other scars against nature. Yet at home
he is used to these things.
Peter Blake, who wrote "God's Own Junk-
yard" (not in anger but in fury), found a
signboard on a giant California sequoia, a
junkyard in a Rocky Mountain valley in
California, and other forms of avaricious
squalor destroying scenery from Miami Beach
to Waikiki. More statistically, the Keep
America Beautiful organization estimates
that if the litter along the Nation's highways
were dumped along one highway from New
York to San Francisco, the road would be
buried a foot deep in waste paper, beer cans
and whatnot.
Such is America the Beautiful today. It is
a land where many central cities, including
St. Louis, are trying to beautify their down-
town areas while suburban sprawl spreads
across fields and meadows. It is a land where
some devoted souls attempt to preserve
worthwhile or historic buildings and sites
while others try to exploit them commercial-
ly or tear them down for parking lots and
cubed architecture.
It is a land where the finest superhighways
in the world are being built, to be lined in
most States (including Missouri, apparently)
with billboards. It is a land where more and
more people clamor for water for recreation
while other people and industries pollute it,
along with the air above,
It is a land where a recent Congress passed
farsighted legislation to preserve a vestige
of American wilderness, and to create new
areas for outdoor use and enjoyment, while
outside these few conserved areas spoliation
seems to grow with the affluent but not yet
great society.
What is it about Americans that leads
them to toss a tin can here and a wrapping
paper there, to cut down unique trees. to
dump waste in lakes and rivers, on an ascend-
ing scale of disregard for beauty and for
fellow Americans? Is it a legacy from pioneer
days when the land was vast and the people
few, and rugged disregard for either was
free?
The land is no longer vast and the people
are no longer few. Littering, polluting, bull-
dozing, billboarding and other forms of
senseless misuse and destruction of resources
and beauty must be stopped. So it is that
President Johnson talks of measures with
force behind. them to landscape highways
and restrict signboards.
Yet does it not seem strange that the Fed-
eral Government has had to take the lead
almost everywhere in conservation and anti-
pollution measures? Why should the Federal
power have to lead and push States and local
communities to protect the grass at their
grass roots?
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Releose 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX .
comparisons with the same month in the
previous year. When the report shows a per-
centage increase, especially as it applies to
food prices, it usually gets front a e posi-
tion. in the .press,' and the radio- people
give it special emphasis.
Conversely, when there is a price decline,
this usually gets small space in the" back
pages, and little or no mention' by the com-
mentators.
While we , acceFt this situation, we feel,
however, that the public is entitled to full-
er information for its own guidance.
The recent B14S report shows that the
April 1965 cost-of-living Index was up 1.4
percent, and food-price index was up 1.5
percent over April 1964. The overall cost-
of-living index was up mainly because of
higher prices for cigarettes (due largely to
higher taxes) gasoline, medical services, bar-
ber and, beauty shop services, college fees,
consumer services, and apparel. The food
price index is up mainly because of higher
prices for fresh strawberries, apples, green
peppers, potatoes, and cucumbers. These
;prices were up because of crop losses due to
unfavorable weather and growing conditions;
and, higher costs of harvesting due to labor
shortages mainly because the Federal Gov-
ernn}ent clamped down on bringing in the
;`usual number of stoop-labor people, tradi-
tionally brought 'in from Mexico and else-
where- for harvesting seasonal perishable
crops.
As it applies to food supplies and food
prices, the American homemaker, who has
some 8,000 items too choose from, can wise-
lydo her shopping without increasing the
cost of her grocery basket by avoiding those
few .products which might be temporarily in
short supply or up In price. The vast as-
sortment of canned and frozen fruits and
vegetables, available at normal prices, pro-
vide homemakers with a wide selection of
tasty, nutritious foods for their families'
needs and enjoyment.
. While food prices, according to Govern-
ment figures, were upp 1.5 percent this April
over April 1984, actually in dollars and cents,
this is what. it amounts to; If the Govern-
ment's grocery 'basket cost $10.39 a week in
April 1964 this sane grocery basket cost
$10.55 a week in April 1965-an increase of
16 cents per week,
Over that, sine period, April 1964 to April
1965 the average wafies of factory workers
rose $2.59 per week. go, after ppaying the
extra 16, cents for the grocery basket, the
hamemaller still has __2.43 of the weekly wage
increase left over w h. which to buy other
things.
Within the last 5 years the average wages
for factory workers Increased by .$15.84 per
week, rising from $8912 in 1960 to $105.56 in
1965. During this time the price of the
identical dovernxnent's grocery basket at the
grocery store increased only 49 cents.
A leading food chain recently ran a full-
page advertisement featuring a list of 60
items which `It advertised originally in April
1955 at a total cost to the consumer of $25.78.
In April 1965 it'advertised the identical 60
items at a total cost of $27.10-an increase
of $1.32, or 5 percent. The headline of the
ad read: "A list of foods that, would feed a
family of four for a week." '
In 1955 when this ad was run the average
-wade of factory workers was $75.70 per week.
Now it is $165.56 per week--an increase of
$29.86 per week in wages while the price of
'.food increased $1.32. It is interesting to note
t3X the,con'iparison of food prices as adver-
tisef by the chain shows a 5-ppercent in-
cfeaBS,frbd1955 1065, which is the same
percentage of increase the BLS reports for the
past 5 years.
These-are a4l Gover"uin.ent figures, both for
food prices and wage rates. So, when you
compare Increased wage rates with increased
costs of the groeery basket, food continues to
be the, ;$a1, b sain, not only from the stand-
point of cost, put in terms of convenience,
timesaving, nutrition, tastiness, variety, and
quality.
We feel that the people'are 'entitled to this
factual information for their own guidance.
Best regards.
Cordially yours,
PAUL S. WILLIS,
President.
Tomorrow's Doctor: A Team Player?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF..
HON. BARRATT O'HARA
OF ILLINOIS _
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 3, 19$5
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
I am extending my remarks to include
the following article from the Chicago
Daily News of May 22, 1965:
Touraaow's DOCTOR: A TEAM PLAYER
(By Arthur J. Snider, Daily News science
writer)
The practicing physician, one of the few
remaining emblems of self-enterprising,
rugged individualism, would be cast in a new
role as a team performer, in a proposal for
revamping medical education.
While the doctor would be team captain
and coordinator, his authority and some of
his identity would be diluted as auxiliary lay
personnel takes over responsibility for parts
of the Nation's health care.
This new direction for medicine, pointing
to a heightened` social outlook, was mapped
In a 107-page report by Dr. Lowell T. Cogge-
shall, vice president of "the 'University of
Chicago. The report was released Saturday
by the Association of American Medical Col-
leges.
The report has been termed the most sig-
nificant since the famed Flexner study of
1910 stimulated 'a rebirth of medical educa-
tion and routed the-"diploma mills."
Dr. Coggeshall noted that "self-sufficient
'independence" has historically been the'
character of the physician but stressed that
for future health needs there is "no alterna-
tive" to the team approach.
"Teamwork is mandatory in industry,
communications, education, and other
fi lds,'* he said. "It should not be impossible
the health sciences."
The distinguished medical statesman
called for physicians' education to be in-
creasingly weighted in management training
and problem solving rather than in encyclo-
pedic capacity.
One of the measures of a physician's com-
petence would be his ability to use technical
assistance and work cooperatively in a team.
"He must have the broad familiarity and
competence to marshal the appropriate ex
pertise and resources beyond his individual
skill," the report urged.
Purpose of the Coggeshall report, initiated
about a year ago by Dr. Ward Darley, then
executive director of AAMC, was to determine
whether modern medical education is prop-
A3011
physicians, executives of insurance and
pharmaceutical companies, and other key
people across the Nation.
accompanying the report,
In i person letter
Dr. Coggesha1i wrote
s interviewed believed improve-
ments needed` are matters of minor adjust-
ment: Ro'st pofnted to the need to take
major steps to enable the Nation to produce
more miffbetter piep'ared physicians and
` ~ .
other healthperson nel.t,
The report recommended replacing the
concept of medical education as a single dis-
cipline, concerned with single patient, with
one that would be -concerned with society
as well.
This would mean working with those pro-
fessionals involved with the impact of en-
vironment on health, for example.
"The physician working with colleagues in
nursing, pharmacy, and dentistry no longer
represents the spectrum of service for pro-
motion of health," he said. "There must be
collaboration with social scientists, econo-
mists, social phychologists, engineers, com-
munity planners, and others."
While medical schools must continue to
be concerned with training more and better
doctors, it also should have the responsi-
bility for making sure that other groups on
the health team are properly trained, the
report said.
The training of individuals to perform
specialized tasks under the physician's lead-
ership was deemed inevitable since there are
not now and apparently will not be enough
doctors to keep up with the demand.
"Fortunately," the report said, "an in-
creasing number of physicians is gaining
more enthusiasm for development and use
of such lay helpers."
Another reason for teaming medical care
is the desire. of patients to have service in
one place.
"The patient, in a department-store-
dominated age, is often unable to perceive
the logic and desirability of 'shopping
around' for health care--seeing one physi-
cian here, another there, stopping by a labo-
ratory to leave blood and urine samples,
visiting another office to have an X-ray made
and returning to the original physician's
office to learn the outcome," the report
continued.
"Moreover, he often fails to find in his
own physician's office the diagnostic equip-
ment that he knows to be in use elsewhere."
Coggeshall also called on medical schools
to view education as a continuum. Instead
of dropping the student after his M.D. de-
gree, it should eventually control his intern-
ship and residency training. It also should
make available to practioners continuing
postgraduate study to keep up with new
knowledge.
Ultimately, the university should become
the center of all medical education, the
Commitment in Vietnam,
V
erly geared for the developing `trends in
health care.
The Chicago leader was assisted by Dean
William N. Hubbard, University of Michigan
Medical School; Dr. Michael De Bakey, pro-
fessor-'of surgery,- Iia"ylr-'Onlveisity 'Deean "
John E. Deitrick, Cornell University Medical
College; Dr. Clark Kerr, president, University
of California; Dr. George A. Perera, professor
of medicine, Columbia University, and Dr.
Robert C. Berson, 1984 president of AAMC.
They and their consultants interviewed
Governors, legislators, Congressmen, univer-
sity presidents, deans of medical schools,
HON. JOHN A. RACE
of WISCONSIN
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. RACE. Mr. Speaker, the news
from Vietnam today, as distressing as it
Is to all of us, should serve, in my judg-
ment, as a strengthening of will and
determination by this country to repel
Communist aggression with ever-in-
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
A3012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,-- APPENDIX June 10, 1965
The headline of today's Washington Vietnam still appears to be less dangerous to the native beauty pageant which it de-
Post reports: "14 Americans Die in Viet than either defeat or withdrawal. For such serves.
Battle." a victory for militant communism would A beautful native girl will be selected to
The news report with that headline doubtless bring an escalation of armed ag- reign over the Eskimo Olympics events and
gression on a broad scale, with a graver she should be the fairest of them all in
goes on to detail the deaths and casual- menace for both peace and freedom. Alaska. Some of the candidates will be those
and civilians Secretary of State Rusk took occasion to picked during Fourth of July celebrations in
ties th thousands o th Vietnam Conflict. reiterate the eagerness of the United States villages and one of them will be the queen
Criers of doom and the fainthearted to join in peace negotiations. Some wish- of the Midnight Sun Festival at Nome.
ones throughout this Country will point ful thinkers are saying that Hanoi cannot It Is not too early to sharpen one's eyes for
to this loss of American boys as further be expected to negotiate so long as the Unit- beauty and the appraisers of the comely
reason why we should withdraw from to States is bombing its territory. But the lasses should keep their wary eyes open in
entire history of the Vietnamese affair indi- places like Nome, Kotzebue, Barrow, Fort
Vietnam. cates that Hanoi is even less inclined to talk Yukon, and other places. To be the elected
To them I say, as the Washington when the pressure is relaxed. queen of the Eskimo Olympics has become a
Post editorializes today: The United States is trying to show the rewarding experience for the winners, and it
Painful though the decision is, the con- North Vietnamese that they cannot dictate should be the most sought after title by our
tinuation of a strong posture of resistance the terms of a settlement by the continued beautiful native girls. Let this be the Mar-
to aggression in South Vietnam still appears use of force and violence against their binger of spring when beauty oglers turn
to be less dangerous than either defeat or neighbors. However disagreeable and costly their fancy into thoughts of girls with pleas-
withdrawal. that task may be, it still seems to involve less Ing personalities, intelligence, contour, and
risk to our freedom and security than any a nice turn of the ankle.
I commend the analysis of this entire form of knuckling under to the Communist As usual, Eskimo dance contests will be
editorial to my colleagues and without threat in Vietnam. held and the villages represented should en-
objection request that it be included in deavor to add to their repertoire and come
the RECORD: up with some really fine dances. There
should also be some additional perform-
-Coe House statement VInof xo yesterday Eskimo Olympics and Nuchalawoyya ances, besides the popular high kick, like
The White House s the hand-hop that is done by putting one's
does not change the fact that American legs over each elbow and balancing with
forces in Vietnam may now be used in reg- EXTENSION OF REMARKS one's hand on the floor and hopping forward
ular fighting alongside the Vietnamese if or to see how far the performer can hop with-
the American commander deems it to be nec- HON. RALPH J. RIVERS out losing his balance. This is a difficult
essary. In this comment on a previous tin- sport but it is highly amusing to see. There
nouncement that had come out of the State of ALASKA are other Eskimo sports that should be in-
Department the White House insists that ho OF REPRESENTATIVES troduced and they would surely please the
new order has been given to General West- IN THE HOUSE audiences.
moreland. Nevertheless, the current state- Thursday, May 20, 1965 The Eskimo Olympics promises to be even
ments gives the public a somewhat different better this year and villages and towns can
understanding of the policy than had been Mr. RIVERS of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, play a big part in making it a reality. It is
given in previous official discussion of it_ two of the most unusual and colorful Cel- none too early to plan to present a really fine
As we understand the order that has been ebrations in North America will soon be performance by each of the participants.
given, American troops in South Vietnam staged in interior Alaska. These are the The idea of putting on best performances
will not engage in general combat. Their Nuchalawoyya and the Eskimo Olympics, ever, could perhaps be done with the thought
primary duty is the patrolling of important -both of which are derived from the eus- of looking ahead to the Alaska centennial
military installations and the adjacent areas. toms and traditions of the original people celebration in 1967.
But within the scope of this mission they
may fight with Vietnamese troops when the of the 49th State. [From the Tundra Times]
latter are aggressively attacked., if the Viet- The Nuchalawoyya, to be held June 11 NVCHALAWQYYA
naffiese commander requests it and the through 13 at Tanana, will include au- YA,
American commander thinks that the mill- thentic Indian dancing, canoe and foot Nu-TANANACHA-YLA-WoWOY-FESTIVAL,
Lary situation requirrs it. Undoubtedly races, Contests, and an outdoor potlatch. Tanana, Alaska, May 14, 1965.
this will mean some further involvement of The Eskimo Olympics, to be held July TUNDRA TIMES, INC.
American forces in the Vietnamese war than,
the public had previously contemplated. through 23 at Fairbanks, will include Fairbanks, Alaska.
.
Yet the basic problem in Vietnam has not Eskimo dances and sporting events, and DEAR FRIEND: With the arrival of spring
changed. Nor has the basic policy of this a native beauty pageant. it is time to announce our annual Nu-Cha-
Government. The administration has mere- So that these two excellent events may La-Woy-Ya Indian celebration. This year
ly indicated in more explicit terms that it be better known, I insert here two recent we are having it on June 11, 12, and 1.3.
is following a_ somewhat flexible policy of items from an Alaskan newspaper that Some of the main events are the authentic
helping the South Vietnamese resist the ag- Indian dancing, archery contests, the awe-
gression from their northern neighbors. itself is extraordinary, the Tundra inspiring canoe racing, cross-country foct-
Times: racing, etc. On the evening of June 11, we
Six weeks ago President Johnson described [From the Tundra Times] will have our big outdoor potlatch. polic tiis,ar1." Thay t as one uradescriescripation Odeon. EDrroRIALS: ESKIMO OLn'MPICS In the past we have held these good times
is still an accurate
What has happened since then is an intensi- One of the really fine spectacles to see in to coincide with the chiefs conference and
fication of the Vietcong's efforts to strike a Alaska is the annual Golden Days celebra- the boat marathon, but this year we will have
series of climactic blows at South Vietnam. tion in Fairbanks. This exciting event will to do without them. This is the fourth time
In response the United States has continued take place this year starting July 21 and it we are having this particular celebration
to bomb supply lines in North Vietnam and will last for 3 days. The celebration is within recent years and, of course, we would
has stepped up its patroling operations and uniquely Alaskan because It has spontaneity like to make it known that this big event is
resistance to attacks in the vicinity of mili- arising from the fact that it draws its in- sponsored. by the generous people of Tanana.
tars bases. Yet the United States commit- gredients from our State's rich heritage-its We do this so people from outlying villages
meat remains limited. In purpose it will re- romantic past of the gold rush era and the can come and share our good fortune with
main defensive. colorful customs and traditions of its native us, and it is always a fine time to renew old
In effect the administration has reaffirmed inhabitants=the Eskimos, Indians, and friendships and make new ones. In the past,
Its determination not to abandon South Aleuts. we have had excellent dance groups from
Vietnam to Communist conquest. This is a The Eskimo Olympics section of the Golden the villages of Minto and Stevens Village,
policy that appears to have strong national Days has more than come into its own in and you can be sure we appreciate their
backing. Congress recently voted over- the past few years and has become a definite splendid cooperation by sharing our fun with
whelmingly to support the continuation of must as a spectacle to see. It is exciting, us.
aid to South Vietnam in its fight for survival, unique, and a memorable performance. Usually folks have people stay with them
and this determination will not waiver be- The Golden Days Committee of Fairbanks during their visit here in Tanana as we do
cause the struggle in that unhappy land is has now wholeheartedly recognized the not have a hotel or a roadhouse for our
undergoing some measure of"transformation. uniquely colorful value of the Olympics and visitors. So with this in mind, we hope
.The dangers involved in this course are has, this year, planned to make it even more everyone will be able to come this year.
well known in the White House, in the State exciting. The committee, of course, will have Sincerely,
Department and in virtually every Am'rican to have assistance from the villages and MILTON NICHOLIA,
home. But the perils of each new step that towns that will be involved so this can be- President.
Is''taken have to be measured against the come a reality. One significant change the ALFRED GRANT,
perils of not taking it. Painful though the Golden Days group made was that the Vice President and Publicity Chairman.
decision is, the continuation of a strong pOs- Olympics performances will be held indoors. HARRIET R. GRANT,
ture of resistance to aggression in South This arrangement should, help to give dignity Secretary-Treasurer.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
'A14 `CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-APPENDIX June
wide fishery activities now about match those
of Japan, and my guess is.they will soon-ex-
ceed those of the Japanese. It has, from
the start, closely and carefully applied "sci-
ence and technology to this purpose at all
levels from the education of scientists. marine
architects, and fishermen, to daring design
and equipment of vessels, and to the develop-
ment of operational research to maximize
their efficiency of operations at sea. It has
not spared capital or labor in this endeavor.
We can laugh at their agricultural and con-
sumer goods industries, but in space and' on
the ocean they are good.
The Russians have now set out to do the
same thing with their merchant marine.
They are overtaking us according to their
plan and expect to exceed our carrying ca-
pacity on the sea during the 1970's. I see no
reason to expect that they will not succeed.
Statement of Mr. Everett Ware Smith,
President, the New England Council Be-
fore the Special Senate Subcommittee
on Air and Water Pollution, 89th Con-
gress, 1st Session, Hearings in Port-
land, Maine, June 2, 1965
EXTENSION OF REMARKS.
OF
HON. J. OLIVA HUOT
OF NEW IIAl1QPSRf E
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. HUOT. Mr. Speaker, last week in
Portland, Maine, a special Senate Sub-
committee on Air and Water Pollution
met to hear testimony on S. 4 and H.R.
3988, legislation to amend the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act.
Mr. Everett Ware Smith, president of
the New England Council testified at this
hearing in support of the above men-
tioned legislation.
Mr. Smith's testimony, I believe, was
extremely thoughtful and constructive.
The following is the text of Mr. Smith's
testiliiony :
STATEMENT OF MR. EVERETT WARE SMITH,
PRESIDENT, THE NEW ENGLAND COUNCIL, BE-
FORE THE SPECIAL SENATE SUBCOMMITTEE ON
AIR AND WATER POLLUTION, 89TH CONGRESS,
1ST SESSION, HEARINGS IN PORTLAND,
MAINE, JUNE 2, 1965
Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the New Eng-
land Council, I would like to take this op-
portunity to submit for your consideration
our views on the necessity of water pollu-
tion control legislation, and specifically, S. 4
and H.R. 3988, similar bills to amend the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
The provisions of these bills have been
the subject of intensive study and debate
and it is not necessary for me to review them
in detail. However, I do want to discuss
certain aspects of these measures which I
believe warrant the careful attention of this
committee,
First, the proposed Water Quality Act of
1965 would grant the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare authority to estab-
lish water quality standards designed to
enhance the quality of interstate waters.
In establishing such Standards, the Secre-
tary is required to consider the use and value
of such interstate waters for public water
supplies, propagation, of fish and wildlife,
recreational purposes and agricultural, in-
dustrial and other legitimate uses. These
standards are to be published only if, with-
in a reasonable time after being requested
by the Secretary to do so, the appropriate
State and Interstate agencies have not de-
veloped satisfactory standards. Certainly,
this committee recognizes the problems fac-
ing our State and interstate authorities in
their quest for effective performance regard-
ing such standards. Nor should the record
of performance of such organizations as the
New England Interstate Water Pollution
Control Commission go unnoted or unap-
preciated. Yet, today's compelling need to
continue an all-out effort toward the pre-
vention, control, and abatement of pollution
suggests that this provision for compliance
by State and interstate authorities is reason-
able in terms of overall public interest.
Second, I wish to comment on that portion
of legislation authorizing more research into
methods of combating all forms of pollution.
The causes of pollution are too well known
to this committee for me to go into them
in any great detail other than saying that
it is a combined municipal and industrial
problem, and that vigorous action must be
taken as soon as possible if the problem is
to be controlled and eliminated. Further-
more, the problem crosses State lines with
such frequency that it can clearly be termed
a matter for Federal consideration.
However, one matter of need become ap-
parent. Any legislation that proposes assist-
ance for municipalities in the treatment of
their segment of the problem should make
similar provision for assistance to industry.
It is my understanding that legislation to
this effect has been Introduced by Senator
RxBrcoss, and that it would permit Federal
aid to industry in order to help meet re-
quired standards. This aid would include
Federal loans at a relatively low-interest
rate and tax relief to encourage the con-
struction of necessary treatment plants.
Such an approach is essential to the overall
success of any pollution prevention, control,
and abatement program. There is no ques-
tion of the appropriateness of this approach
in view of the fact that few industries can
afford to Invest large sums of money in non-
productive assets such as treatment plants.
Clearly then, some form of aid to industry
is required. I would urge that this com-
mittee concentrate on this, aspect of water
pollution control legislation. In many parts
of New England today, it is of greater Im-
portance to secure the compliance of indus-
try than of municipalities.
New England is beyond that point in time
which permits local political interests or
private economic interests to be placed above
the public Interest. That was yesterday.
Today, we need action programs, based on
strengthend powers of enforcement, coupled
to adequate financial aid, and supported by
an enlightened public opinion. Nothing is
to be gained from further delay of this
process. We believe that the legislative needs
which this committee is considering are of
tremendous importance to the future well-
being of New England and we hope that the
Congress will provide for sufficient financial
support and technical assistance in both
municipal and industrial areas to make for
an effective water quality program. We
would only counsel that this be done with-
out creating undue economic burdens for
the public and private parties concerned.
Thank tvou.
Writing in the Sky
l aTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY
OF MAINE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. HATHAWAY. Mr. Speaker, there
have been many columns and editorials
10, 1965
devoted to the Vietnam situation in the
past weeks and months.
An excellent to-the-point editorial
titled "Writing in the Sky" apeared in
the New York Journal American Thurs-
day, May 20, and appropriately, I be-
lieve, points up our position.
The editorial follows:
WRITING IN THE SHY
The United States has resumed its bomb-
ing attacks on installations in North Viet-
nam-and President Ho Chi Minh has no
one to blame but himself.
North Vietnam is conducting a war of ag-
gression against its South Vietnamese neigh-
bor. Without the material support of Hanoi,
the guerrilla war in the South would dry up.
North Vietnam has been offered a chance
to begin unconditional peace talks in order
to end the war. It has declined. It was
granted a respite from the systematic bomb-
ing of its military potential-which mean;
the potential of the Vietcong guerrillas-but
maintained silence on peace overtures.
It is clear, then, that North Vietnam is
determined to continue the war against
South Vietnam, and is therefore paying the
price. The resumption of air attacks comes,
moreover, at a time when heavier ground
fighting is anticipated in South Vietnam--
fighting which could involve American.
troops in an outright combat role.
Thus every bridge destroyed, every bar-
racks shattered, every rail line smashed in
North Vietnam is one for our side. Perhaps
Ho Chi Minh will realize this after a while,
and call a halt to the war in southeast Asia--
as only he can.
U.S. Public Is Strongly Opposed To
Easing of Immigration Laws
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DURWARD G. HALL
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, recently Mr.
Louis Harris, pollster, of the Washington
Post Co., conducted a poll to determine
the views of the American people re-
garding the immigration law changes
proposed by the Johnson administration.
The results of that poll were printed
in the May 31 issue of the Washington
Post.
I believe Members of the House with
due regard to the type questions, will
be greatly interested in the attitudes of
our people across the Nation on almost
a 2-to-1 basis;" determined by the poll!,
which follow:
[From the Washington Post, May 31, 19651
THE HARRIS SURVEY: U.S. PUBLIC IS STRONGLY
OPPOSED To EASING OF IMMIGRATION LAWS
(By Louis Harris)
The American public, although largely
descended from people who came to a new
land to escape the persecution, famine, and
chaos of other lands, today by better than
2 to 1 opposes changing immigration laws to
allow more people to enter this country.
What is more, President Johnson's proposal
that immigrants be admitted on the basis
of skills rather than by country quotas meets
with a tepid response.
In fact, a survey of public opinion reveals
that Americans prefer people from Canada
and Northern and Western Europe as immi-
grants and tend to oppose immigrants from
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A&Q25
there is, a, shortage of silver and ,certainly _ interests from the Arab boycott of
the increasing demands of automatic vend- Israel.
-
ing machines and grand scale coin specu
lators have. combiried to make the.Bttt}ation
exceedingly difficult. But we don't think
Johnson has found the right answer.
We don't propose any solution, but we do
think that consideration ought to be given
to a couple of things.
First, we think some real effort should be
made to break loose the treasure chest which
is now in the hands of people who speculate
in coins in current use.
Great stores of recent coins have been
purchased by dealers who store them for a
few years, building up false values toward
a day When they can release them at a profit
or at the very worst get the face value they
paid for them.
We read receztly_of hoards of silver coins
which have been deposited in some Califor-
nia savings institutions by coin collectors
with the agreement that they would draw
interest on the face value and when the
collectors wanted to withdraw their money
they would get the selfsame coins back. In
the meantime the Nation bleeds for dimes
As we know, the Arab League, in at-
tempts to further its economic boycott
of Israel, has required American firms
'doing business with any of its member
nations to state, among other things,
that they do not do business with Israel,
that they do not employ Jews, and that
the majority ownership of their firms
is not held by Jews.
These requirements are not only de-
plorable and onerous, they are com-
pletely contradictory to the policies and
the principles of this country.
It is true, Mr. Chairman, that the com-
mittee's bill sets forth a- declaration of
policy against this'practice. But a dec-
laration of policy is not enough. We
need language, which this amendment
provides, to prevent American firms
from participating in any boycott which
is carried out by a foreign nation or
nations to further its own political ob-
11 to feed into thecaiidy machines. " jectives and which is aimed at a country
Perhaps this kind of banking should be friendly to the United States.
outlawed. Perhaps dealers ought to be made We cannot, of course, legislate as to
to buy a license or pay 'a fee for interfering what a foreign power can do or cannot
with the normal commerce in coins. Col- do in regard to its own nationals. But
letting coins fresh from the mint has be- we certainly can and should legislate as
come too widespread and on such large scale to the standards of our own practices,
that itought to begin to pay its way-or at
least pay for the problem it is causing. This is what this amendment seeks to
Second, we think that some of our Gov- do. It implements the declaration al-
look at the silver sales policy of the U.S.
Treasury Department and decide whether or
not keeping the price pegged at $1.29 an
ounce isn't discouraging the mining of silver
and contributing to, the shortage of this
The hoard of silyer in the U.S, Treasury
so dominates the . silver industry that half of
the free world's supply of the metal, which
increasingly is finding industrial and me-
chanical uses, is purchased from the Treas-
ury. Yet,, despite the demand, the price
has risen so Aiuch,,abo?ve the value pegged
by the Treasury that our silver coins are
worth more melted down than they are as
coins, and something must be done or this
will become a further complication to the
coin shortage.
Obviously, our coinage system is , going 'to
be changed and our new coins are going to
contain less, silver, but it seems-at the very
least-that something ought to be figured
out to avoid the cheap-looking "hamburger"
sandwiches.
ready included in the bill by giving it
the teeth which can make it effective.
As support for the very principles and.
policies of, our country, this amendment
should be approved overwhelmingly
V
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, the recent
announcements concerning the commit-
ment of ground troops to combat raises
serious questions. The history of the war
in Vietnam is one of gradual escalation.
The time has come for full hearings and
full debate concerningthis most crucial
international issue. Twenty-seven of my
colleagues have joined with me in, sign-
Extension of the, Export Control Act ing a letter to the chairman of the ouse
i
SPEECH
Or
HON. JEFFERY COHELAN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN TOE DOUSE OP REIRESENTATIVES
17f.1 d J 8 1965
a
., Fore
gn Affairs. Committee asking for
open and full hearings on Vietnam. The
New York Times today in an editorial
strongly suggests:
The time has come for the President to
take the country into his confidence and to
give the Congress time for a full debate before
the wax_is escalated any further.
es
y, une , I urge my colleagues to read the follow-
The house }n, Committee. of, the. Whole ing editorial:
House on the State p; the Uniop,had,under [From the New York Times, June 10, 1965]
consideration the bill H.R..7105 to provide GROUND WAR IN WASHINGTON
for coiltirluation,Qf,authority for regulation
of exports, and for other purposes. The Johnson administration's decision au-
Mr, Chairman, I thorizing a combat role for American troops
in South Vietnam is only confirmed by
want to .express my strong support for yesterday's White House statement; yet the
the amendment offered by the ,gentle- statement is carefully drafted to give the im-
man froth>Xew 'ork [Mr. ur,'r>5]..,tp pression that the United States is not em-
protect American firms and American barking on a radical new course.
The White House admits that General
Westmoreland, since March, has had the sec-
ondary mission of providing combat support
to South Vietnamese units in trouble.
But why did Secretary Rusk at the time
say that "ground combat personnel is not
what is needed" and that there would be "a
problem about foreign ground troops under-
taking the kind of pacification effort that is
required in South Vietnam"?
The White House denies that the President
ordered the new combat role in March "or at
any other time." It is explained that Gen-
eral Westmoreland's authority was "implicit"
in the assignment of Marines to Danang.
Yet, how could "implicit" authority have.
been so explicitly defined all along as was
finally claimed in yesterday's White House
statement? It is there limited to instances
when South Vietnamese forces are "faced
with aggressive attack when other effective
reserves are not available and when in his
[Westmoreland's] judgment the military
situation urgently requires it."
As recently as last Saturday the State De-
partment did not mention this role when, at
the request of newsmen, it redefined the mis-
sion of American troops in a statement re-
portedly approved at the highest levels of the
Department. It admitted that American
troops had stepped beyond an advisory role,
but described their function simply as de-
fense of American installations and patrol-
ling nearby.
The new role of "combat support," which
the State Department finally announced this
week, seems to be one of serving as a strategic
and tactical reserve for the South Viet-
namese Army. It presumably can take
American combat troops anywhere in the
country. Despite an effort semantically to
exclude "offensive" campaigns, it appears to
include aid. to South Vietnamese units that
get into difficulty during offensive as well as
defensive operations.
A land war on, the continent of Asia, which
many of the contry's leading military men
long have opposed, is not undertaken lightly
or without premeditation and careful plan-
ning. The doubling of American troops in
South Vietnam since March and the reports
that the 54,400 row there are being increased
to 10,000 suggest implementation of a plan
approved in February and prepared much
earlier.
The time has come for the President to
take the country into his confidence and to
give the Congress time for a full debate be-
fore the war is escalated any further.
When the Truth Pops Out It Lands Right
in Phoenix
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN J. RHODES
OF ARIZONA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 27, 1965
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speak-
er, following is an editorial "When the
Truth Pops Out It Lands Right in Phoe-
nix" by Richard Wilson, which appeared
in the Arizona Republic of May 12, 1965.
It is worth reading and considering-
with the thought that fairness and open-
ness of mind is necessary to the under-
standing and evaluation of any policy
or philosophy:
WHEN THE TRUTH POPS OUT IT LANDS RIGHT
IN PHOENIX
(By Richard Wilson)
PHOENIX.-One has a strange feeling in
this_sun-gwegt city of more than half a mil-
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA RDP67BO0446R0003001800, 8-0
r - ;^ y 4
 A3026
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 10, 1965
lion that the truth had been revealed to
him but that he listened not. This city was
and still is the home of former U.S. Senator
Barry Goldwater whose advocacy of more
militant U.S. action against Communist ex-
pansion cost him millions of votes in the
presidential election last November.
It was en route here midway in the cam-
paign that Senator Goldwater stood in the
midsection of the chartered campaign plane
and discussed off the record with reporters
some of the implications of his more militant
policies.
At the time, there seemed to be.a not of in-
congruity in a presidential candidate dis-
cussing in such technical detail the nature
of modern military applications. Such ap-
plications had not really figured in a presi-
dential campaign before; prior war and peace
issues had been in larger generalities.
Is it essentially true that President John-
son has now adopted policies for which his
opponent last fall was pilloried? Is it es-
sentially true, as was charged by a prominent
editor at a seminar of public relations ex-
ecutives here, that Goldwater was "lynched"
by the press and by his political opposition?
There is too much truth in both charges for
a light dismissal.
Now, with 200-plane air raids on North
Vietnam, 45,000 troops there and 15,000 in
the Dominican Republic, one must certainly
conclude that the general sense of what Sen-
ator Goldwater was talking about last fall
is now in fact being carried out.
The supply lines to the Vietcong are being
bombed with increasing intensity and to an
extent which may not even have been en-
visioned by Senator Goldwater, Nuclear
weapons are not being used to defoliate the
forest and expose the Vietcong, but Gold-
water did not advocate that. Areas have
been defoliated, however, by conventional
bombing, and it has been stated--only for
background information, to be sure--that
we do not recognize a limitation on the use
of nuclear weapons.
Yet, it will be recalled that in television
films paid for from Democratic campaign
funds, the intentional impression was given
that Senator Goldwater would expose small
children to the hazards of nuclear radiation.
As for some of the more general aspects,
President Johnson has not moved toward
the withdrawal or threat of withdrawal of
diplomatic recognition from the Soviet
Union, as advocated by Senator Goldwater
to deter Russia from new expansionary acts.
But the sternest of warnings have been given
publicly and privately to the Soviet Union
on the repetition of offenses against the
American Embassy, and the general line of
policy on an accommodation with Russia has
become harder.
Many passages can be found in Senator
Goldwater's controversial book, "Why Not
Victory?" which are now in the fabric of na-
tional policy under Johnson. One of them
is: "We must stop believing that our pri-
mary objective piust be to humor the public
opinion of neutral or uncommitted nations
rather than to defend our strategic interests,
cooperate closely with our allies, and advance
our positions of strength."
Another which has a current application in
the Dominican Republic: "We must make it
absolutely clear, in the most explicit terms,
that Communist governments will not be tol-
erated in the Western Hemisphere." The
U.S. Marines are now making this as explicit
as possible under Johnson's orders.
To cite these examples of Senator Gold-
water's, prescience in U.S.. foreign policy is
not to endorse everything, nor even anything,
that he said and wrote. But it Is t', suggest
that Americans must o'?en their minds to ra-
tional analyses of controversial policies, and
not to reject such analyses es tits ranting of
trigger-happy wild, men.
It must be evident by r+ow also ti'at if Sen-
ator Goldwater was not "lynched" for his
views, as the editor charged, he was not given
much of a day in court either.
Nor is it a sound reason that because Gold-
water advocated some phases of the policies
now pursued by Johnson that Johnson is
therefore wrong. We see today on the uni-
versity campuses young and old minds frozen
in the kind of concepts that rejected serious
consideration of Goldwater's views and now
reject Johnson's policies.
We read critics who link the war in Viet-
nam with the race problem in this country
in the leading non sequitur of current aca-
demic logic. We hear unfledged opinion
from uninformed minds on the nature of
the Asian struggle as a civil war comparable
to our own between the North and South.
These voices are at least consistent. They
oppose the Johnson policies for the same
reasons they opposed Goldwater's. If they
run true to form, Johnson will soon be pic-
tured as a reckless extremist unhinged by
the pres';ures of the White House.
Philippine Independence Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
PON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORK
IN TFE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on June
12, 1898, the great and distinguished pa-
triot of the Philippine Islands, Gen. Emi-
lio Aguinaldo, declared the independence
of his country from Spanish rule. The
historic day is honored and celebrated
by the people of the Philippines as a na-
tional holiday. On this important anni-
versary. I would like to extend warm
congratulations to His Excellency, the
President of the Republic of the Philip-
pines, Diosdado Macapagal, and to His
Excellency, the Ambassador of the Phil-
ippines to the United States, Oscar
I.edesma.
The Philippines is located in one of the
most troubled parts of the world. Not
far from its shores are the crisis areas
southeast Asia:* Vietnam and Laos. Its
neighbors, Indonesia and Malaysia, are
embroiled in a bitter feud with each
other. The Philippines is one of the few
stable and serene features in a landscape
of conflict and confusion. What is the
explanation for this phenomenon?
There are many contributing factors,
but none are as important as the long
history of responsible democratic gov-
ernment in the Philippines. The United
States can afford to show some pride in
this achievement, because its adminis-
tration of the Philippines was from the
first declared to be temporary in nature.
We had as our goal the development of
institutions which would permit and en-
courage the eventual establishment of a
free and democratic government.
That momentous occasion arrived on
July 4, 1946, the day the Philippine Is-
lands became the independent Repub-
lic of the Philippines.
Ever since then, the Philippines has
been a valued friend and ally of the
United States. Our country has a pro-
found interest in the welfare of the peo-
rle of the Philippines because of our long
and close association with them. While
minor irritants have arisen occasional-
ly-as between all good friends-the un-
derlying mutuality of outlook on the im-
portant matters has kept the basic fabric
of our friendship intact.
I know that all Americans join me in
saluting the people of the Philippine Is-
lands on the anniversary of their inde-
pendence.
U.S. Policy in Vietnam
I EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE
OF CONNECTICUT'
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I wish to
insert into the RECORD the text of an
address which I delivered on Saturday,
June 5, 1965, on the occasion of the 10th
anniversary of the founding of Post
10004, Veterans of Foreign Wars, at
Jewett City, Conn., in my district. In
this address I discussed the situation in
Vietnam and I emphasized the fact that
our Government is pursuing the right
policy there.
The text of my address follows:
ADDRESS BY CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM L. Sr.
ONCE
Commander Kowalski, officers, and mem-
bers of post 10004, friends, it is a great pl-
ure for me to be here with you on this oc-
casion when you celebrate the 10th anniver-
sary of your post in Jewett City. I am very
happy that Henry Pincherra, past State
commander who originally installed this post
10 years ago, is here today. I am sure he is
very proud, as we all are of your post and
its accomplishments over the past decade.
As a member of the VFW and as one who
is almost a neighbor of yours, I am familiar
with some of your activities and, therefore,
wish to take this opportunity to commend
you for all you have done.
I should like to devote my remarks to a
discussion of the situation in Vietnam,
where we are presently embroiled in a war.
Naturally, it is very much on our minds to
keep this war to a limited basis, not to let
it get out of hand and become another world
conflagration. Most of all, we are interested
in bringing the conflict to an early termi-
nation, so that the bloodshed may cease and
our men may return to their families.
This possibility, of course, is easier said
than done. We are dealing with a ruthless
and fanatic enemy-and let me say at the
very outset that the real enemy in this case
is not the Vietnamese people, but Commu-
nist China which stands in back of the North
Vietnamese and is egging them or, to wage
their attack on South Vietnam. In other
words, Communist China is merely using
the North Vietnamese as a tool against the
free world. As a matter of fact, North Viet-
nam could not wage this war, except on a
very limited basis, were it not for the sub-
stantial help it has received and is receiving
from Communist China.
The situation in Vietnam has during the
past year assumed large proportions all over
the world and has become a matter of uni-
versal concern because of the grave threat
it poses to world peace. I have received let-
ters from people who want to know why we
are there, why don't we get out of Vietnam,
and why don't we enter into peace negoti-
ations with the Communists, and similar
questions.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
The official reason given by our Govern- in Asia. Therefore, it, should be clear to all
men, for It'S.` presence in 'V'ietnam is that of us that the closer we keep our line of
we were invited to help that Republic, cre- defense to Red China, the better off, we shall
ated by 'the Geneva accord of 1954, to or- be in the long run.
ganize and defend itself. It is also obvious, In February, when the United States
however, that we are in Vietnam because we started bombing North Vietnam, the war
think it Is in our, best interests and for the entered into a new phase. The United States
security of our country and the whole free is showing that it means business, that we
world to,. sge that the Communists do not are taking our commitments seriously, that
gain control over it. Our military and eco-' we have adequate, power to maintain our
nomic assistance to Vietnam is almost cer- position and the moral courage to persevere
taizlly the major factor which has prevented and we are not a "paper tiger," as the Chinese
that country from falling victim to Com- believe us to be. The United States is also
munist guerrilla warfare directed from the making it as clear to the Chinese as possible
north. Consequently, it is perfectly clear that we are not going to accept their terms,
that our presence in Vietnam is abhorrent and that we are not going to retreat from
to Red China'afd its stooges in North Viet- that part of the world and give Communist
nam. China a free hand to extend its domination.
Let me emphasize the point that the con- Furthermore, the United States is showing
filet in Vietnam cannot be separated from, the Red Chinese that they cannot get away
or viewed apart from, the context of the with aggression against their neighbors and
balance of power in the Far East and the against the free world.
larger scheme 'of world affairs. Communist I am in favor of President Johnson's policy
China would very much like to have a free in Vietnam because I believe it is right and
hand to?exe,rgse its influence and, power in it is in the interest of our country. It is
southeast ,Asia. Indeed, Its leaders have al- most unfortunate that we have to bomb
ready called for "a war of liberation" against those places and that we have to send our
Thailand. They did not, of course, bother to men to fight there, but we have no other
ascertain whether the people of Thailand recourse. War is always dirty, but then
want to be liberated, Communist style. again, guerrilla warfare of the type in opera-
It is perfectly obvious that the fall of Viet- tion in that country is the most hellish and
nam to the Communists would be followed the dirtiest imaginable. The Communists
shortly thereafter by a similar con filet and are using force, terror, persecution, cruelty,
the establishment of Communist dominion and deception of every kind "in their efforts
Oyer Thailand. to gain control over Vietnam because this
Malayasia's position would become unten- would open the gates for them to eventually
able, Burma and India, and possibly Paki- establish their domination over all of south-
stan and other countries in that part of the east Asia.
world, would find themselves outflanked and Whether we like it or not, we are faced
at the mercy of a hostile power which has with a bad situation-a situation that can-
already seized a number of strategic moun- not be handled 'with 'kid gloves. We have
tain,passes leading to those countries. With had to retaliate, we have had to bomb them,
a situation of this sort developing in the Far we have had to send in our men to do the
East, how long do you suppose it would be job. Certainly, we are losing some of our
before Australia and New Zealand were con- men there, certainly, there is great danger
fronted with 'this threat? Or Korea, Japan; of escalation of the war But we are doing
and Formosa? Or the ,Philippines? Or even our best under the bircumstances to keep
Eawaii? the number of casualties'down and to keep
The basic questions being asked by the the danger of escalation at'a minimum. > or
American public are these: Is it in our best this reason we are concentrating primarily
interest 'to assist the Republic of South Viet- on bombing military targets, railroad facili-
nam maintain Its 14e,ntity? ' is it in our best ties, depots, bridges, and the like. We have
interest to frustrate Communist Chinese avoided bombing the North Vietnamese capi-
designs on southeast Asia? For the past tal of Hanoi. We stopped our bombing re-
decade the judgment of our national admin- cently for nearly a week in the hope that the
istrations under both political parties has Communists would show some sign of will-
been and still is "Yes" to both questions. ingness to sit down and neootiate with us.
Moreover, we have by treaty solemnly com- But it was all in vain-notthe slightest indi-
matted ourselves to this course-and the cation that they want to talk peace.
United States has not made a habit of break- Tinder those circumstances, it would be a
Ing its international treaties. very grievous mistake on our part to pull out
The fact of the matter is that the United of Vietnam. For one thing, it would imme-
States cannot and will not enter into negoti- diately be interpreted by'-the whole world, by
ations at the point of a gun. It has not friend and foe alike, as deign of weakness on
done so with any adversary throughout its our part. The nations of the free world
nearly two centuries of existence, and it will would see it as a sign of our unwillingness to
certainly not do so with the Communist who defend the free world" and, in turn, they
openly, advocate our destruction. When would be reluctant to support us. The Com-
peace negotiations are to be undertaken, we munists would interpret it as a sure signal to
must enter into such negotiations from a go ahead with their plans to subjugate other
position of strength and in the interest of nations and to take over one country after
world peace. another. I believe that within a year or a
We have always been and still are a peace- year and a :half we would be facing the same
loving people. We do not wage aggressive situation in the Philippines as we are facing
wars for conquest. We stand for peace, we today 'in Vietnam. 'If we -gave in there, the
want peace and we want it very badly. Yes, next step would be Hawaii, and then the
the United States will negotiate and 'Press- Western Hemisphere.
dent Johnson has stated on several occasions so, you see that much depends on the out-
that he is willing to go anywhere and any- come in Vietnam where our whole southeast
time to discuss matters of world peace, We Asia policy is at stake. But it is not merely
shall not do so at the point of a gun or when southeast Asia alone, it is also our own d6-
the terms are set in advance. f0se'that is at stake. This is not amatter
A3027
exactly what the Communists are trying to
exploit' for` their 'purposes. In addition to
fighting men, modern weapons, and wise
diplomacy, we also need a considerable
amount of patience to match the patience of
the Chinese by now?it should be clear to
all'that the conflict in Vietnam is not going
to be resolved overnight, or in a few months,
or even in. a ye,ar. Ex .perts are talking in
terms of 5, 6, or 7 more years. We cannot
afford to waiver, we cannot afford to weaken,
but we must see this thing through.
It is worth remembering too that our in-
tervention in Vietnam began about a decade
ago under the Eisenhower administration,
although the buildup in manpower did not
start until about 4 years ago. President
Johnson is anxious to reach, a settlement in
Vietnam, but we cannot simply pull out or
surrender. The President has stated on sev-
eral occasions that the United States will
"not -grow tired" in Vietnam and it will
"not be defeated." At the same time, he has
made it clear that the United States has no
desire to conquer North Vietnam, and that
"there is no purely military solution in sight
for either side." In other words, the Com-
munists must realize that fighting is no
longer profitable, that North Vietnam is be-
ing shot up and gradually destroyed, and
that it is becoming more and more a drain
on Red China.. When they realize that, then
they will be ready to talk peace.
Thus, they are hanging on because they
believe we are weak, we are decadent capital-
ists, we are exhausted, and our patience is
about gone. They believe that our people
are divided and are clamoring for peace and
for getting out of Vietnam. I believe they
are mistaken. Germany made the same mis-
take in both World Wars. Japan made the
same mistake, and so did Communist China
during the Korean conflict. They are re-
peating the same mistake today.
I believe with the President that the
United States will not weaken, it will not
grow tired. I believe it will see this thing
through, no matter how long it takes. We
have much more at stake here than mere
honor or glory. The whole future of the
American people and of the entire free world
is at stake. The sooner and the better the
whole world understands our position, the
more hopeful'this position will become and
the greater will be the chances for ultimate
victory.
George Washington once said:
"Let us raise a standard to which the wise
and honest can repair; the rest is in the
hands of God."
I believe that the American people are
wise enough and honest enough to see the
standard that has been raised and what it
represents for us now and in the future, and
I think they will rally to this standard. For
the rest, we must trust in God.
And so, in conclusion, I want to leave with
you the thought expressed so well by a mod-
ern-day American poet, Russell Davenport,
who in his epic poem, "My Country," says
as follows:
"Freedom is not to limit bu
And freedom here means
where."
to share,
reedom every-
Recent Books on Major U.S. Policies
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER
OF NSW YORK -
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June i0, 1965
In this conuectiop, I think it would be to be easily dismissed or ignored. It is for
wise for us to recall the words of the late this reason that I say to you today-and be-
President,,Kexipeliy who said.: "Let us never lieve me that much thought has gone into it
negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear over these many weeks=that our- Govern
to negotiate." ment `is, doffig' the right-thing in ' Vietnam.
I am convinced that the. Chinese Commu- It is pursuing the right olicy there, because
nists would like to take us on eventually in to do otherwise would be, almost suicidal for
is why they are constantly spreading hatred
of America and presenting us in the image
of imperialists in the eyes of other nations
people. We would like to see this situation should like to take this opportunity to
over with as soon as possible. But this Is call to the attention of our distinguished
Approved For Release 2003/10/1.5 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300?80028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
A3028
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX June 10, 1965 --
unsettling as were the critical darts, they,
nevertheless, served to clear the air of much
apprehension and misunderstanding.
'The Chicago program was hit the hardest.
Yet it has been from the very beginning the
best organized and the most studiously and
imaginatively conceived effort toward sys-
toanatic eradication of the blight of poverty
and ignorance.
Criticism sometimes is a much needed
therapy. Coming at the initial stage of a
newborn mission, however, it could have
blunted its growth and immobilized its
functions.
The leadership here is competent and has
the necessary intellectual buoyancy to meas-
ure up to the complex sociological facet of
the problems facing it. From the admin-
istrative angle, the working units are staffed
with experienced and well-trained profes-
sionals.
Responsible community leaders who are
not directly involved in the crusade against
poverty have begun to appreciate the mag-
nitude of the task. The criticism by the un-
initiated that the poor were not woven
Into the fabric of the operation proved to be
an erroneous assessment.
Dr. Deton J. Brooks, executive director of
the Chicago project, saw to it that the pro-
visions of the Economic Opportunity Act
were scrupulously observed. He has estab-
lished key units in strategic localities mak-
ing it possible for the residents of slum
neighborhoods to have a meaningful voice
in solving their own problems.
Of course, there was much wailing among
those persons who sought to transmute the
antipoverty war into governmental subsidies
for demagogs and crackpots. They were
,hartled when they discovered that the power
to fix policy resided in a council broadly
representative of all factors in urban Chi-
cago-social. work, neighborhood antipover-
ty organization, industry, labor, religion, as
well as the city government.
The execution of the economic opportunity
program is entrusted into the hands of a
very skillful and experienced administrator.
Dr. Brooks has been a teacher, social work-
er, newspaper editor, statistician, and uni-
versity lecturer. Few men, Negro or white,
have his qualifications and brilliance. Un-
der his able supervision, the Chicago urban
economic opportunity has evolved into a
shining model for other large metropolitan
centers to follow.
Credit for this appointment belongs to
our perceptive Mayor Daley who didn't seek
a ward heeler to head the antipoverty proj-
ect and uproot the social evils incidental to
poverty and want.
colleagues two books which have recently
been published by Oceana Publications
of Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. These books, which
deal with separate but vital aspects of
our present foreign and domestic poli-
cies, are "Breakthrough to the Great
Society" by David Cushman Coyle, and
"Vietnam: A Diplomatic Tragedy," by
Victor Bator.
Mr. Bator, an international lawyer and
former diplomat, documents the history
of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam from
the policies of President Eisenhower and
Secretary Dulles in the mid-1950's. He
points out that we must now live with
the policies which were promulgated at
that time. Mr. Bator contends that
patient diplomacy should have been
utilized in this area instead of the mili-
tary action which was actually employed
and which has continued.
In "Breakthrough to the Great So-
ciety," with forewords by the distin-
guished Senators from Illinois and Penn-
sylvania, Messrs. DOUGLAS and CLARK.
David Coyle analyzes the Federal Gov-
ernment's basic responsibility to take
action to meet the needs of the country
and to recommend ways Of using national
economic power to meet those needs.
The author delves particularly into the
impact of automation on the American
economy and examines the use of edu-
cation as a solution to the technological
unemployment caused by automation.
Mr. Coyle, author of several works
on national and international affairs,
has skillfully utilized the testimony be-
for various congressional committees
On the war on poverty in discussing
many of the problems which confront
the United States today. He treats
creatively .subjects of vital domestic im-
..portance such as the rehabilitation of
the handicapped, conservation of natural
resources, and public finance.
Mr. Speaker, I am certain that many
of our colleagues would find thtcse books
both timely and of interest.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANIEL D. ROSTENKOWSKI
Oil ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 9, 1965
Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker,
under leave to extend my remarks, I
would like printed in the RECORD an
editorial which appeared in the Chicago
Daily Defender, Thursday, May 25, 1965,
concerning the war on poverty in.
Chicago. This editorial. highlights the
excellent manner in which the Chicago
;program on urban opportunity is being
administered. It is an answer to the
criticism that was levied when the pro-
gram was initiated and clears up the
misunderstanding that took place at the
time.
The editorial is as follows:
THE WAR ON POVERTY
The storm of criticism with which the
Chicago program on urban opportunity was
greeted, has now subsided. Unfortunate and
American Library Trustee Association
President Outlines Function of Nation's
Libraries
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, the un-
fortunate condition of many of the
libraries in our Nation is well known to
all of us. The concern of Congress in
this area was expressed by the extension
and implementation of the Library Serv-
ices Act last year.
The importance of a superior library
system to the Nation cannot be ques-
tioned. It Is extremely imperative that
good library facilities be available to all
who desire to use them and that the
facilities be in such a state that the
library itself is able to make a positive
contribution to the development of the
community.
A constituent of mine, Charles E. Reid,
of Paramus, N.J., is currently serving
as president of the American Library
Trustee Association, which is vitally con-
cerned with the development of the li-
brary system of this Nation. In an
address at the ALTA congressional
luncheon, Mr. Reid provided an excellent
statement on the responsibilities of the
public libraries. As Mr. Reid pointed
out, the public libraries have a consider-
able task confronting them in catching
up with the requirements of the citi??
zenry.
Libraries provide young people with an
opportunity to broaden the scope of their
education. They expand the recrea-
tional time of the youthful citizenry, as-
sist the culturally underprivileged, and
broaden the potential of the gifted.
Libraries are not only important to the
youth of the Nation but to the adult
community as well. In fact, through
programs of research and adult educa-
tion, the library can be a means of cul-
tural development for each and every
individual at all levels and can lead to
the establishment of social and economic
equality.
Mr. Reid noted that the ALTA is work-
ing in each of these areas and empha-
sized especially the library trustee's role
in the implementation of library policy.
I believe his remarks merit the attention
of Congress.
Mr. Reid's speech as reprinted in the
midwinter 1965 Public Library Trustee
follows:
A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF AMERICAN
LIBRARY TRUSTEE ASSOCIATION
We are meeting here today to honor those
whom we have elected to represent us by
reflecting their respective analysis and in-
terpretation of our Nation's needs through
legislative programing.
In our complex social and economic so-
ciety, this is no mean job. It is my privilege
as president of the American Library Trustee
Association to greet you on behalf of more
than 40,000 public library trustees serving
as local, State, and national representatives
of libraries.
We in the American Library Trustee As-
sociation are extremely cognizant of our
responsibilities as elected and apopinted of-
ficials for the establishment and maint.-
na:nce of these lines of communication on
all levels of government necessary to enable
you to more effectively and effcientiy ser,n
your electorate.
As policymakers of our Nation's libraries, it
is also our responsibility to see that tho a
legislative program which have been estal -
lished on a national level by you are properly
utilized back home-not as a substitutio' i
for local programing, but as a true relection
of Federal responsibility to establish, slim( -
late, and maintain libraries as the -.c:;1
foundation for our educational and so-i.11
processes and policies.
We know of the tremendous impact aid
value of the Library Services Act. It his
served to prove to all those concerned th',t
we, in failing to recognize the needs of
libraries in the past decades, have estab-
lished a tremendous backlog of work to
accomplish.
As participants in the political process, I
pledge, on behalf of the American Library
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
June 10', 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
istrator; Capt. Edward A. Rodgers, superin-
tendent of the Maine Maritime Academy;
Cadet Capt. Peter K. Wurschy, of `the Maine
Maritime Academy; Gov. John H: Reed, of
Maine; Capt. John S. Everett, U.S. maritime
service; and the Connecticut delegation in
the U.S., Congress, as permanent evidence of
the high esteem in which the maritime serv-
ice is held.,
i Clerk of the Senate.
JOHN L. C ERARDO,
More on Jet Noise: Park V-FAA Aircraft
Noise Symposium
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON.- HERBERT TENZER
of NEW Yonit
of the problem of aircraft noise and its
effect upon our citizens and our com-
munities as a matter of national concern
and one which cannot be helped, let
alone solved by independent local com-
munity action.
I commend to my colleagues the re-
marks of Mr. Harold Gray, president of
Pan American World Airways, delivered
at the FAA symposium. Mr. Gray's ad-
dress follows:
REMARKS OF HAROLD E. GRAY, PRESIDENT OF
PAN AMERICAN WORLD AIRWAYS, DELIVERED
AT THE FAA NOISE SYMPOSIUM, JUNE 9,
1965
Sharing the speakers rostrum with Mr.
Halaby and with such a large distinguished
group of coparticipants has marked advan-
tages while listening, but it is full of hazards
to the speaker. In preparing my notes, I
reviewed the proposed program for areas of
possible uncovered interest only to find that
each facet of the sound problem was assigned
to a technical expert. As, in fact, each of
this program's speakers is an acknowledged
authority in a manufacturing, regulatory, or
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES operational field that in total cover almost
every facet of airline operation, some may
Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, on
Wednesday, June 9, 1965, the Federal
Aviation Agency sponsored a National
Aircraft Noise Symposium at the Inter-
national Hotel, John F. Kennedy Inter-
national Airport in New York. The pur-
pose of the symposium was to focus the
attention of the aviation community on
aircraft noise and its associated prob-
lems and also to highlight recent accom-
plishments as well as current research in
The distinguished participants were:
Mr. Najeeb Halaby, administrator, FAA,
Mr. Harold Gray, president, Pan Amer-
ican World Airways; Mr. D. D. Thomas,
associate administrator for programs,
FAA; Mr. E. C. Wells, vice president,
product development, the Boeing Co.;
Mr. William T. urns, president, Airport
Operators"Council; Mr. Mel Nolan, ana-
lytical chemist, ' division of air pollution,
USPIJS; Mr. Beverly Shenstone, chief
engineer, British Overseas Airways
Corp.; Mr. Gordon Bain, deputy admin-
istrater for supersonic transport devel-
opment,`FAA; Mr. John Tyler, Pratt and
Whitney; Mr. James Woodall, program
manager acoustics, FAA; Mr. Charles
Harper, director, aeronautics division,
NASA Headquarters; Mr. Harvey H.
Hubbard, head acoustics branch, NASA,
Langley Research Center, and Capt.
Robert Buck, Trans World Airlines.
This is the fifth in a series of state-
ments on the problem which I'have made
in an *effort to stress that aircraft noise
abatement is a national problem. On
May 6, 1965, iintroduced H.R. 7981, a bill
to amend the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration Act of 1958 to pro-
vide for a program of research and de-
velopment by NASA to reduce aircraft
noise,'afid H.p.'.7582, a bill to amend the
Federal Aviation Act of 1958 to provide
for the implementation of operational
techniques to reduce the effect of jet
noise. During the past month, both
NASA and FAA, have sponsored symposi-
ums for_ the purpose of discussing the
aircraft noise problem, recognizing it as
a nationnal, problem. I alp in agreement
with this position and will continue to
urge congressional action in recognition
wonder what is 'left for the airlines to con-
tribute.
Perhaps the biggest role of the airlines is
to recognize the problem, stimulate effective
action by all concerned, and eventually pay
most of the bills associated with such action.
As I look back to the inauguration of jet
service in.1958 I recall that noise was not a
new problem associated only with jets. We
were worried then about Constellations and
DC-7's taking off with a full load generating
up to 120 PNDB's, 2,90 or 300 feet over some
of our nearest neighbors. I recall having a
conviction that we must be able to operate
jets in a manner, that would improve safety
around airports and at the same time make
less noise. And I remember the vast amount
of work that our staff, the Boeing people, and
the Port of New York Authority put in on
the problem. I finally became convinced
that jets could be operated in a manner that
would assure airport neighbors lower sound
levels and a vastly decreased probability of
accidents. A limit of 112 PNDB's was
adopted as an outside figure for noise on
takeoff. Very few people realize that 'this
criterion was substantially below the noise
levels then being produced by prop airplanes
taking off fully loaded for Europe.
Even before the arrival of the first jets the
airlines' concern, along with the manufac-
turers', had resulted in design elements that
would add many thousands of dollars to air-
line costs.
Fifty million dollars was spent to develop
sound suppressors. In the period 1960-64
an additional $15 million was invested in the
further reduction of noise in jet engines.
By early 1962, the airlines had invested $73
million in engine sound suppressors, at that
rate the sum is probably doubled by now.
An approximate 4 percent reduction in
operating efficiency has been accepted with
the use of these sound suppressors. It has
been estimated that this amounts to an
approximate $10,000 cost per aircraft per
month, or as one analyst has put it,
a $36 million annual penalty to the air-
lines in lost revenue. Other millions have
been spent on high lift devices, runway
extensions, special operating procedures, and
operating restrictions. More money is going
into these areas every day. Our industry
has indeed invested tremendous amounts of
cash and effort in a sincere continuing at-
tempt to reduce the effect of jet sound on the
ground community. The statistics involved
are impressive to us who are making the
investment, but I do not believe they mean
much to the man who has just spent
$15,000 or $20,000 for a new homea mile off
the end of a service runway.
A3037
We all recognize that there is a problem-
an expensive problem, a technical problem,
a human problem. A man's right to a home
not shattered by outside ? influence of noise
and vibration is appreciated; however, at
some point the homeowner must com-
promise to some extent with the inevitable
march of progress.
The pastoral life may be the better one,
but it grows increasingly difficult in this
modern world to insulate oneself in such
surroundings. We are cohabitants of a
world of machines, many of them noisy or
unsightly. Among the things we live with
are the motor vehicle, the railroad train, and
the aircraft. The motor vehicle often seems
to overwhelm us, the railroad rests in its
static maturity, and the aricraft, relatively,
is in its very beginnings. Roads-rail and
macadam-cobweb our civilized landscape,
sometimes desecrating our view by them-
selves, or by the often less than agreeable
artifacts that roll upon them. These, in the
end, we accept seemingly as more need than
nuisance.
With the new one, the aircraft, we have the
only vehicle whose grace of line is unques-
tioned and the only vehicle that takes its
noise and goes away. Only its terminals are
to be seen, there are no roads, no rails, no
service stations, no horns, no fumes, no clut-
ter beyond the occasional contrail. We have
compromised with the great visible struc-
ture that supports the wheeled vehicle; our
society cannot do less with the almost in-
visible structure that supports the winged
vehicle. The aviation transport industry
would, of course, be more than pleased to
have a silent vertical rising aircraft, and
within the realm of feasibility will work
toward such a goal; however, In our foresee-
able future, if the community wants air
transport it must accept the fact of noise-
producing engines.
Do not misunderstand me, I am not say-
ing that aircraft-produced surface noise is a
blessing that each airport area householder
must patiently accept. I am saying that a
certain amount of noise in the present state
of the art is inevitable, that we have and will
continue to develop procedures, equipment,
and facilities to reduce it, but that noise will
remain. In a metropolitan airport oom-
munity, this means that people, lots of peo-
ple on the ground, will be affected in some
way.
There appear to be only three areas of en-
deavor that can generate improvement in
aircraft sound levels-aircraft equipment o;?-
erational procedures, and ground zoning.
Aircraft equipment, as I mentioned earlier,
has been the recipient of a tremendous
sound-control investment in the way of
sound suppressors, high lift devices, and
structural design. The industry has contin-
uously devoted its best skills to the develop-
ment of increasingly better sound-control
measurer. Further advancement will be made
through painstakingly slow, long-term re-
search. However, I do know that every new
aircraft design on the drawing boards or in
construction is predicated on lower sound
levels including the supersonic.
Operational procedures have very definite
limitations. To the best of our present
knowledge, there are no further major steps
that can be feasibly taken. Pan Ain was, by
necessity, a leader in developing Jet noise
abatement takeoff procedures. All airlines
now use approximately the came proceduec
some use our mobile ground control count-
down facility at New York and at London.
As, an example of the efi'ectivencre of this
procedure and of the effectiveness of con-
stant emphasis to our pilots of the import-
ance of sound control, the number of Pan
Am iii hts departing Kennedy International
Airport that inadvertently exceeded 112
PNDB dropped from 11.6 percent in 1962, to
2 percent in 1963, to 1.5 percent in 1964.
We sincerely believe that close control and
monitoring does have a significant effect in
Approved For Release 2003/10/15: CIA-RDP67B00446R0003001.8O028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
A3038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 10, 1965
restricting violations to a minimum. We
also believe that further significant advances
cannot be made in this area with existing air-
craft, the techniques having made, full use
of the available performance under the ex-
isting first premise of safe operation.
Beyond the considerations of equipment
and procedures remains the third leg of the
tripod, ground zoning. It would appear that
this is the one item that has not been given
sufficient emphasis; I say that it would ap-
pear, that this has not had sufficient empha-
sis in noting that In areas directly off the
ends of runways at some major airports,
frame residences are continuously being
erected, this despite the fact that there can
be little doubt as to the eventual reaction
of the new owners to aircraft noise. Mr.
Oscar Bakke has been instrumental in the
presentation of a program of compatible land
use planning which should receive support.
Further to this point of zoning, including
land acquisition by the Government, Con-
gressman TENZER, of the Fifth Congressional
District of New York, made pertinent pro-
posals In favor of Government assistance.
These appear in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
of May 6, 1965, under the heading, "Aircraft
Noise Abatement."
A.G. airport is truly more than an aircraft
bearing surface; inclusive within its perim-
eters should be reasonable arrival and de-
parture overfly zones or sound clearways. If
the local, State, or Federal Government can
obtain rights-of-way for highway construc-
tion., areas for urban redevelopment or park
construction, certainly the same principle
can be applied to the establishment of sound
clearways. A minimum distance of 2 miles
from runway lip, or that distance necessary
to provide at least 1,000 feet vertical ground
clearance, is suggested.
These sound clearways may, as suggested
by NANAC, be used for parks, industrial stor-
age, highways, or manufacturing, but not for
frame houses.
The acquisition of such land areas can-
not, of course, be done directly by the air-
lines. It must, because of various implica-
tions, be financed and handled by Govern-
ment agencies.
In conclusion, let me summarize briefly
the airlines' attitude with respect to noise as
Iseeit: -
1. The last thing any airline wants to do
is to alienate anyone by reason of the noise
it makes.
2. The airlines believe that no amount of
noise is justified or tolerable unless it is de-
termined as being absolutely essential to the
public interest.
3. The airlines believe that in a community
such as the Greater New York area, where
more than one-quarter of all wages derive
from port activities, air transport is abso-
lutely essential-and a certain amount of
noise is, therefore, unavoidable and in the
public interest.
4. The- airlines have accepted noise abate-
merit as one of their primary responsibili-
ties, as evidenced by their major efforts in
aircraft procurement, operating procedures,
and vast expenditures of money.
And finally, I think I can speak for the
whole Industry when I say that the air-
lines will continue to regard noise abate-
ment as one of their primary responsibilities.
Johnson View of Negro
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL
OF.NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, un-
der leave to extend my remarks in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I would like to
insert at this point an article which ap-
peared in the New York Times on Mon-
day, June 7, by Tom Wicker, entitled
"Johnson View of Negro."
I believe it warrants reproduction in
the RECORD. The article follows:
JOHNSON VIEW OF NEGRO: PRESIDENT TAKES
SAME ADVANCED POSITION ASSUMED BY SU-
PREME COURT IN SCHOOL CASE
(By Tom Wicker)
WASHINGTON, June 6.-President Johnson
has now taken the same advanced view of the
Negro's role in American life that the Su-
preme Court took of his role in the American
school system in the famous Brown decision
of 1954.
Prior to that case, the Court had held and
it was accepted American doctrine, that
"separate but equal" schools satisfied all the
Nation's legal and moral obligations to Negro
education. So long as the facilities and-cur-
riculums of segregated Negro schools were
"equal" to those provided for whites, it had
been asserted, it was all right for them to be
"separate."
But in the Brown case the Supreme Court
swept that doctrine aside with one sociologi-
cal stroke. It held that segregated schools,
no matter how "equal" technically, were in-
herently unequal because of the fact that
they were also "separate" Segregation Itself,
the Court said in effect, enforced and per-
petuated the role. of inferiority that had been
assigned to-and largely accepted by-the
Negro.
At Howard University Friday night, Mr.
Johnson laid down much the same principle
on a far broader scale.
Providing for the Negro an equal "right"
to vote, to get a job, to go to unsegregated
schools, to due process of law, Mr. Johnson
was really saying, provided him with no more
than "separate but equal" citizenship. And
just as had been true In education, so it was
true in the broader view that "separate" is
inherently "unequal."
Up to now, Mr. Johnson argued, the Negro
population really had made up "another na-
tion" within the United States-poverty
stricken, ill educated, crowded into ghettos
without gates, despised first for the color of
their skin and only a little less for their
ignorance and poverty. Therefore, it really
was but little more than an empty gesture
to make legal decrees of equal rights and
equal opportunity for them.
For, these things could not, in fact, exist
for the Negro until he had the ability and the
standing to take advantage of them. And
after a century and more of oppression and
persecution, after generations of the inherent
inequality of -separation, he had no such
ability or standing.
Thus did President Johnson face squarely
what must be ranked as the most difficult
problem in American life. That problem is
not the enforcing of legal equity for the
Negro. It is, rather, the acceptance of the
Negro as an equal human being rather than
a separate -but equal human being-a man
with a darker skin rather than a black man.
That difficulty is symbolized in countless
ways-perhaps first of all in the fact that
since the beginning of time white has been
the symbolic color of purity and hope, and
black the color of evil and fear. Carried into
racial attitudes, Mr. Johnson said Friday
night, color sensitivity is "a feeling whose
dark intensity Is matched by no other preju-
dice in our society."
Even he chose the word "dark" to make
his point.
That is why some civil rights experts are
convinced that the greatest civil rights
progress in coming years will be legal progress
in the South. For in the Southern States,
with their long history of slavery and segre-
gation, the comparatively easy battle for legal
equity is still in progress and that equity is
likely to be widely attained in the foreseeable
future.
When it is, the South then will be joined
with the great cities of the North and the
other centers of Negro life in what the Presi-
dent called the next and more profound
stage of the battle.
In Mr. Johnson's speech there was a hint
of bafflement and frustration, as if he could
not confidently suggest how that stage of
the battle were to be won. More and better
jobs, more and better homes, more and better
schools, more and better welfare and social
programs-all these he suggested as "part of
the answer," and added:
"An understanding heart by all Americans
is also part of the answer."
That was the nub of it, as Mr. Johnson
seemed to know. The Government can pro-
vide the schools, the homes, the programs,
perhaps even the jobs, although it will take
time and massive effort. When the South-
ern States resisted school desegregation,
troops could be sent to enforce it; when a
southern Negro is disfranchised, court orders
and Federal referees can award him the vote.
But if absolute equality for the Negro
depends, finally, n the absolute end of sep-
aration for the Negroes, then troops and
courts will be o limited use. For they have
no jurisdiction civer the human heart, where
the ultimgtepr blem lies.
GeneraT Farley Supports Strong Admin-
istration Stand in Vietnam and the
Dominican Republic
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HUGH L. CAREY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, because of
the importance of foreign affairs in the
world of today, and particularly in view
of the attacks that have been mounted
against the administration's handling of
the crises in Vietnam and the Dominican
Republic, it is important that the Ameri-
can people be knowledgeable and kept
fully informed in this area.
A man well qualified to speak out on
matters of foreign policy and the ad-
ministration's conduct thereof, is for-
mer Postmaster General James A. Farley.
Jim Farley, frequently referred to as
the "friend of Presidents" has known
many of the world's leaders and states-
men almost as well. An excellent ex-
ample was his longstanding friendship
with the late Sir Winston Churchill.
Recently General Farley revealed the
secrets of a private discussion he had
with the late Prime Minister in 1947
which concerned the world situation at
that time.
Mr. Speaker, because of the prophetic
importance of that meeting and the ap-
plication which General Farley makes
of their conclusions to the problems of
today, the full text of.his views follows:
FARLEY URGES PRESIDENT To CONTINUE USE
OF FORCE IN VIETNAM AND SANTO DO-
MINGO-REVEALS SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL
TOLD HIM HE WOULD HAVE ATTACKED STALIN
WITH BOMBS UNLESS HE GOT OUT OF BERLIN
AND EUROPE
President Johnson can no more abandon
South Vietnam now than President Wilson
cOu1d have abandoned the freedom of the
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved
? dune 10, 1965
For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX'
seas in 1917, or President ioosevelt could
have abandoned ,Hawaii, the day after Pearl
Harbor. 'I world strongly suggest to that
group of educators who have been holding
unrealistic seances, which they have been
presumpttiotis'enough to call`teach-ins that
they qualify themselves by a few learn-outs
themselves,
Thus the teacher-inners have indicated
that President Jizlinson has made hasty and
da'n ,~rous'decisions in the Far East policy.
The slightest glance at the record and even a
touch of fairmincledness will reveal that Mr.
Johnson did net set the American eagle
screaming. The fact is that he inherited 20
tragic years of chickens conning home to
roost, President Johnson did not create
the Far East crisis. The Far East crisis was
thrust upon him.'
By an ironic circumstance, a great deal of
the Far Fast tragedy was precipitated by our
Government taking as doctrine the preach-'
ments of the the9retical academicians of go
years ago, among them notably Owen Lail-
more and Lauchln Currie. t1,Red Ghina waa
no threat because it was overpopulated and
underresourced and only an agrarian move-
ment at that, The persuasive arguments
this shool of pundits made was buttressed
`
by selected footnotes at the bottom of each
page. But their gigantic misapprehension of
the nature of the problem' has had to be
corrected by the millions of footprints of our
forces in Kprea and'South Vietnam,. punctu-
ated with the headstones of nearly 50,000
American graves.
Over 10 years agog a Republican Secretary
of State . hesitated when the French called
for assistance in Tietnam-,. It ig }ny opinion
that these same "teacher-inners" who now
bitterly attack the President for not consult-
ing our allies would have denied help to our
French allies when they were protecting the
same territory;
Moreover, the Communist "leaderships,
Russian and ClLliese, have never regarded
a treaty as a binding instrument. They have
invariably used such an,- agreement as a mere
armistice while they massed for the next
blow.
Thus, while_ they were talking "peace in
Korea they were mounting an attack on
southeast Asia in general. And they suc-
ceeded so well that while they were paralyz-
iing Laos with a laughable so-called neutral-
ist government they were mounting their
attack on South Vietnam.
Thus, If President Johnson vacates South
Vietnam or cgrrhproinises on, it it will not
stop the war. 1't will simply bring it closer
to our ally, Australia, and closer to home for
us.
While I am at it I have. no hesitation in,
saying that the President had no, other
course in Santo"t omingo. Those wo now
deplore the' use of force in that area, in-
eluding some of the countrys leading news-
papers, were among the first to hail Castro's
ascendancy in Cuba and indeed had some-
thing of'a hand in bringing it about. Ap-
parently unabashed by their stupendous
blundering they continue to offer the Presi-
-' dent daily advice on how, to pursue their
disastrous policies.
President Johnson did not precipitate the
Caribbean crisis. He inherited it and let
us thank heaven he had leadership enough
to use sufficient force, Failure,. to use
enol h irorce at'theBay of rigs is a catas-
trophe, the dimensions of which cannot yet
be ineasur`ed.' Failure to use enough force
in, Santo Domingo would ` compound that
disaster. Had the President not used mas-
sive, force ,in ;tke firFstn ipstance far mare.
Aniericar} .droops would have had to go In
than he is drawing out. His great leader-
ship has saved thousands of lives and the
freedom of the world.
President Johnson has been handed these
diplomatic failures which are not of his
'
n1aIir}g.
But he has had the courage to
take the American people into his confidence
and tell them the stark truth as we start
the long trail back-back to a pasture which
our country should never have abandoned.
In direct contradiction, to the _teacher-
inners it, occurs.., to me that it might serve
a useful purpose if, I here set forth the gen-
eral views of a scolar at least as eminent
as any of them-Sir Winston Churchill. Sir
Winston invited me to luncheon at Chartwell
in 1947. Sir Winston characteristically
came to some sharp points. He told me we
had learned ,the, hard way, that ' we could
not rely on treaties with the Communists
because more than breaking them they used
them as an offensive weapon against us. He
said that had he had his way he would have
given the Russians 30 days to start retiring
from Europe. If they had not started re-
tirement then lie would have, given them an
additional 30 days warning. If at the end
of that, time, they had not withdrawn he
would have issued a 30-day ultimatum-90
days in all-at which time he would have
attacked the Russians with the full atomic
arsenal, This was before Russia had armed
herself, with those weapons and effected the
atomic stalemate,
Have the teacher-inners ever considered.
the implications of the growing atomic
power of Red China?
.S am confident thatthese great war lead-
ers, President Woodrow Wilson, President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Sir Winston
Churchill would endorse wholeheartedly the
policies of President Johnson. President
Eisenhower and President Truman have al-
ready done so.
Primarily, because experience teaches what
many academicians seem to have missed: No
man and no nation ever succeeded in com-
promising a principle. It succeeds only in
compromising itself. Further in this test
of strength our country cannot haul. down
our flag without converting it into our
shroud. A military withdrawal from South
Vietnam at his time would be a moral rout
for the forces of freedom.
The principles at Valley Forge and at
South Vietnam are the same. Then we
fought for the freedom of our country; now
we fight for the freedom of the world. And
as President Wilson told the American peo-
ple in 1917 President; Johnson has told them
in 1965:
"God help us, we have no other choice.
And with God's help, as in the past, we can-
not fail."
. [From the New York (N.Y.) News,
May 28, 19651
FARLEY, AT 77, RECALLS WINNIE AND REDS
(By Neal Patterson)
Winston Churchill told James A.. Parley
in 1947 that, if he had had his way, the
Russians would have been ordered to get out
of Europe in 90 days after V-E Day under
threat of being, attacked with the full atomic
arsenal.
Farley, Democratic elder statesman and
onetime Postmaster General, made that dis-
closure at a prebirthday conference yester-
day. Farley will be 77 Sunday.
Farley in other remarks endorsed Presi-
dent Johnson's use of.-massive force in Viet
nam and Santo Domingo.
"President Johnson," he said, can no
more abandon South Vietnam now than
President Wilson could have abandoned the
freedom of the seas In 1917 or President
Roosevelt could have abandoned Hawaii the
day after Pearl Harbor
his conversation} ? tk? , C,hurck i about
Russia's occupation o Eastern Europe took
place, he said, during a visit he and his son,
James, Junior,, made to the wartime rirne
Minister at the letter's dltartwelly'1?ome_
"Sir W,insrryon._saitt that bad.. e hatt
way he, would have _given the Russians 30
dais to start retiring from Europe," Farley
A3039
said,. "If, they had not started retirement he
would have, given them an additional 30
days' warning.
"If at thehe. end of- that time. they had not
withdrawn,, would have, issued a, 30-day
ultimatum-90 days in all-at which time
he would have attacked the Russians with
the full atomic arsel}al '
This 1947 conversation, Parley pointed out,
was before Russia achieved nuclear weapons
and produced an atomic stalemate. Church-
ill by that time was out of power.
[From the New York (N.Y.) Times,
May 28, 19651
FARLEY ASSERTS CHURCHILL PROPOSED ATTACK
ON. SOVIET
James A. Farley said yesteday that Sir
Winston Churchill once told him the West-
ern powers should attack the Russians "with
the full atomic arsenal" if the Russians did
not get out of Europe.
The former Postmaster General said at a
news conference that the late British Prime
Minister expressed that opinion during a
conversation at Sir Winston's home in 1947.
At the time Sir Winston was leader of the
Conservative opposition.
Mr. Farley mentioned Churchill during a
defense of President Johnson's Vietnam
policy. He said he believed Sir Winston would
have endorsed President Johnson's actions.
"He told me we had learned the hard way,"
Mr. Parley said, "that we could not rely on
treaties with the Communists because more
than breaking them, they used them as an
offensive weapon against us."
[From the New York (N.Y.) Herald Tribune,
May 28, 19651
FARLEY AND CITY POLITICS
With machinegun rapidity, James A. Far-
ley, former Postmaster General and former
Democratic national chairman, gave a birth-
day interview (he will be 77 Sunday). Items:
Mayor Wagner will win over Republican
John V. Lindsay; the "squabbles' in the
Democratic Party engineered by the mayor
are "bad politics"; Farley will not offer him-
self as in intermediary to patch up the Wag-
ner fights against Charles A. Buckley, crusty
Bronx leader, and Assemblyman Stanley
Steingut, Brooklyn boss.
[Froth the New York (N.Y.) Journal-Ameri-
can, May 28, 19651
PARLEY ON VIETNAM
(By James L. Kilgallen)
Urging President Johnson to continue us-
ing force in free Vietnam, James A. Farley
said the President could no more abandon
Vietnam than President Roosevelt could have
abandoned Pearl Harbor.
Mr. Farley made his statement at a party.
given him by friends in his offices at 515
Madison Avenue yesterday in honor of the
elder statesman's 77th birthday next Sunday.
He also lashed out against opponents of the
use of force in Vietnam and Santo Domingo.
"I would strongly suggest to that group of
educators who have been holding unrealistic
seances, which they have been presumptuous
enough to call 'teach-ins.' that they qualify
themselves by a few 'learn-outs,' " Mr. Farley
said.
BACKS DECISIONS
"The 'teacher-inners' have indicated that
President Johnson has made hasty and dan-
gerous decisions n the Far East policy. The
slightest glance-1 it the record, and even a
touch of fair mindedness, will reveal that Mr.
Johnson did not set the American Eagle
screaming.
"President Johnson did not create the
Far East, crisis. -The Far Fait crisis was
thrust upon yhim
"He can no more abandon South Vietnam
now than President Wilson could have aban-
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
A3040
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX June 10, 1965
Boned the freedom of the seas in 1917, or
President Roosevelt could have abandoned
Hawaii the day after Pearl Harbor."
Pulling our troops and aid out of Vietnam,
Mr. Parley said, will not stop the war. "It
will simply bring it closer to our ally,
Australia,- and closer to home to us."
Turning to the Dominican Republic, the
gray-haired, ruddy-faced septuagenarian
said he could not hesitate in saying that the
President had no other course in Santo Do-
mingo.
"'those who now deplore the use of force
there were among the first to hail Castro's
ascendancy In Cuba. President Johnson did
not precipitate the Caribbean crisis," Mr.
Farley stressed. "He inherited it."
THIRTY-DAY DEADLINE
Then, turning back the clock 18 years to
1947 when he lunched with the late Sir
Winston Churchill, Mr. Parley recalled the
British statesman's ideas on how to deal with
the Russians.
"If he had his way," Mr. Farley said of
Sir Winston, "he would have given the Rus-
sians 30 days to start retiring from Europe.
If they had not begun withdrawing, then he
would have given them another 30-day warn-
ing.
"If they had not started retiring by then,"
Mr. Parley said, "he would have issued a 30-
day ultimatum-90 days in all-et which
time he would have attacked the Russians
with the full atomic arsenal.
"This was before Russia had armed her-
self with those weapons and effected the
atomic stalemate."
Mr. Farley told well wishers he felt fine,
except for a slight head cold. "This is just
another birthday," he said.
Mrs. R. Templeton Smith: Pittsburgh
Civic Leader
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES G. FULTON
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 3, 1965
Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr.
Speaker, Pittsburgh and western Penn-
sylvania have been greatly blessed with
outstanding citizens who have contrib-
uted so much to the progress and cultural
development of the region. One of our
most honored citizens in the city of
Pittsburgh during her lifetime was Mrs.
R. Templeton Smith, the former Eliza
Jane Kennedy, whose tireless efforts over
the years gave so much toward improv-
ing the civic life and governmental struc-
ture of Pittsburgh. Mr. and Mrs. R.
Templeton Smith have made a fine team
in our business and civic life that is de-
serving of every respect.
As president of the Allegheny County
League of Women Voters, Mrs. Smith
was known as the "conscience of Pitts-
burgh." Her study was directed at
nearly every facet of city, county, State,
and Federal government in her drive for
economy in public spending. She led the
fight for women's right to vote in the
Pittsburgh area, and she devoted her
whole life to personifying the contribu-
tion of the American Woman to our
public good, and integrity in government.
As an admirer of Mrs. R. Templeton
Smith, it is a pleasure to commemorate
her efforts with these following tributes:
[From the North Hills (Pa.) News Record,
Nov. 11, 19641
FRIEND OF GOOD GOVERNMENT
Good government never had a better friend
than Mrs. R. Templeton Smith, of Pittsburgh,
who died recently at 74 years. For a half
century and more she fought the good fight
in its defense in Allegheny County and in
Pittsburgh. There has been none like her
and there may never be again.
Mrs. Smith was first of all a woman of
courage and conviction. She had a deep
sense of civic responsibility and of justice.
She recognized much that is wrong in gov-
ernment and she did her best to correct it.
Her persistent activities brought her Into
contact at some time or other in her career
with nearly every public official in the city
and county.
She did not harangue, scold, threaten or
browbeat. What she had to say she ex-
prersed in calm words and in logic. She was
sure of the rightness of her cause. She was
the bitter foe of injustice, inefficiency, waste,
and complacency in government. She
hounded alike Democratic and Republican
officials for what she considered to be mis-
takes, blunders, and plain stupidity. Some
of them winced when she spoke but they ad-
mired her for her sincerity.
For 40 years, as its president, she made Al-
legheny County League of Women Voters a
power in the community. In earlier years
she was an active suffragist.
Few women-or men-succeed in crowd-
ing so much activity into their lifetimes as
did Mrs. Smith. She leaves her community
a better place than she found it. Every
resident of Allegheny County now and for
years to come will be in her debt. There is
none to take her place. We hope some fitting
memorial will be raised in honor of this
woman who gave so much while asking noth-
ing in return.
[From the Pittsburgh Press, Oct. 23, 1964]
Mas. R. T. SMITH: VOTERS LEAGUE HEAD
SPURRED CITY REFORM
Mrs. R. Templeton Smith, long prominent
on the Pittsburgh public scene, died in her
sleep during the night at her home In Squir-
rel Hill.
The death was discovered at 7:25 a.m. She
had been a patient at- Presbyterian Hospital
but returned recently to her home at 1336
Shady Avenue.
Mrs. Smith, born December 11, 1889, at La-
trobe, was a relentless, tenacious watchdog
of the city's purse strings. She probably at-
tended more budget sessions over the years
than anyone else in Pittsburgh-either in or
out of government.
Her scrutiny was directed at nearly every
facet of city government-from bridge paint-
ers to rubbish collectors. She also Spear-
bearded drives for grand jury Investigations
into the rackets and alleged vote frauds.
But her vigilance was not partisan. She
hounded the coattails of both Republican
and Democratic administrations.
Only once in her long career of civic ven-
tures-which spanned a half century-did
Mrs. Smith go after an elective office above
that of committeewomen.
Despite failing health she joined with re-
tired Adm. Ben Moreell to seek posts as dele-
gates to the GOP National Convention at
San Francisco in 1964.
Though they both lost, their conservative
hero, U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater, won
the nomination to oppose President Lyndon
B. Johnson.
Born Eliza Jane Kennedy, she was a daugh-
ter of Julian and Jane Brenneman Kennedy.
Her father was a widely known engineer.
The family moved to Pittsburgh when
Eliza Jane was only 3.
She was the only woman ever to have her
hands on the city purse strings and she
pruned the budget like no other housewife
ever did. Mayor William McNair, whom she
supported in 1932, gave her the post of
budget adviser which she held for 2 years.
Later, she complained that she couldn't
even get a look at budget figures.
At a time when the city paid for garbage
disposal by the pound, the vigilant Mrs.
Smith claimed that collectors were watering
down the refuse in order to collect a higher
fee.
In the aftermath of a wave of sex slayings,
she led the fight for a revamped and modern
central communication center in the police
bureau. It began operations in 1950.
A graduate of Thurston Prep School in
1908, Mrs. Smith went on to, study eco-
nomics and political science at Vassar, where
she received her degree in 1912.
She attended., a school operated by Mrs.
Carrie Chapman Catt for suffrage work.
With a sister, the late Mrs. T. O. Miller, and
her mother, she marched in suffrage parades
and devoted most of her time to obtaining
the right to vote for her sex.
At the time she was treasurer of the Equal
Franchise Federation. But with the passage
of the 19th amendment-women's suf-
frage-in August 1920, the federation was
changed to the Allegheny County League of
Women Voters.
She served as president of the league from
1924 until her death.
STUCK NOSES IN
A petite woman who shunned jewelry and
cosmetics, she claimed of the league: "We
stuck our noses into everything."
She married R. Templeton Smith, former
executive vice president of the old Pittsburgh
Coal Co. in 1915. Mr. Smith later headed a
pharmaceutical laboratory firm here.
A stickler for economy in government, Mrs.
Smith was a formidable foe of most govern-
mental authorities. She opposed them on
the grounds that they were not responsive to
the electorate and in a position to circum-
vent legal debt limits.
Her sons, Kennedy and Templeton Smith,
are both lawyers in Pittsburgh. She also
leaves eight grandchildren.
Friends are being received at H. Samson's,
Inc., 537 Neville Street, Oakland, from 2 to
4 p.m. and 7 to 9 p.m. and from 10 a.m. to
noon Monday.
Services will be at 1:30 p.m. Monday at
Shadyside Presbyterian Church.
The family suggests contributions be made
to the Allegheny County League of Women
Voters, 817 Bigelow Apartments.
ELizA KENNEDY SMITH: BORN DECEMBER 11,
1889, AT LATROBE, PA.-DIED OCTOBER 23.
1964, AT PITTSBURGH, PA.
Mrs. R. Templeton Smith, formerly Eliza
Jane Kennedy, was born at Latrobe, Pa., De-
cember 11, 1889, to Jane Eliza Brenneman
Kennedy and Julian Kennedy, internation-
ally known engineer. The family moved to
Pittsburgh when she was 2 and she was a
resident of Pittsburgh for the rest of her life.
She was reared in the First United Pres-
byterian Church but subsequently became,
and was at the time of her death, a member
of the Shadyside Presbyterian Church.
Eliza Kennedy graduated from Thurston
Preparatory School in 1908 and from Vassar
College in 1912 with an A.B. degree. Her
majors were economics and political science.
In 1915 she married R. Templeton Smith,
of Pittsburgh, later to become executive vice
president of .Pittsburgh Coal Co. and now
president of Ben Venue Laboratories, a phar-
maceutical firm which pioneered in the de-
velopment and manufacture of hormones
and antibiotics. They have two sons, and
eight grandchildren.
From college days, Mrs. Smith had con-
cerned herself primarily with the education
of women for citizenship. After attending
Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt's school for suf-
frage workers, she became treasurer of the
Equal Franchise Federation and gave most
of her time to the educational campaign for
.Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 Approved For Release 2003/19/1.5.:: CIA-RDP67B00446R0003001.80028-0
June 10, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX
7. Condemn the Warsaw Agents of Moscow
.for their betraying of the most essential in-
terests of the Polish 'nation, for their dis-
sipation of the hard-earned money of the
Polish people in the interest of the Soviet
Union and the Soviet world aggression;
8. Condemn them for their helping out
Moscow in biological destruction of the
Polish nation through demoralization of the
Polish youth and through their depopula-
tion policy;
9. Condemn them for their continuous
sharpening of censorship and limiting free-
dom of the Polish science;
10. Condemn them for their disgracing the
Polish people by their subversive' activities
among the Poles living in the free world and
by their espionage conducted in the free
world in the interest of Moscow;
11. Condemn, them for their irresponsible
attacks against the people of the United
States for Whom the Polish nation has a great
regard and shows great friendship;;
.12,, Demand that the Governments of the
United States and Great Britain put the
question of freedom of Poland and other
countries of central-eastern Europe on the
agenda of the United Nations;
13. Defnand that the monstrous crime
committed by the Soviet Union in the Katyn
Forest 25 years ago be put on the agenda of
the United Nations;
14. Demand, that the United States and
Great Britain, recognize the western border
of Poland on the Oder and Neisse line as
right and just, and that Polish eastern ter-
ritories, grabbed by the Soviet Union, be re-
stored to Poland;
15. Demand that the Red army and vari-
ous Soviet officials be withdrawn from
Poland;
'16. Demand, that full reli sous freedom be
restored in Poland, that Poles still held
against their will in the U.S.S.R. be repatri-
ated from the Soviet Union to Poland, that
all political prisoners be released, that free-
dom of speech and assembly be restored, that
true local government be established, that
independent political parties, cooperative,
professional, youth and cu_ltural_ organiza-
tions be reestabi1shed;
17. Demand that free and'democratic elec-
tions be held in Poland under the interna-
tional control; and
18. Appeal to the entire Polonia and to all
patriotic organizations for an absolute re-
sistance against the attempts of Gomulka to
subordinate Polonia and the political emi-
gress to the Communist regime to frustrate
their fight for freedom of Poland and against
the in$ltration and diversion of various open
and disguised Communist agents.
Mr. Speaker, it is essential that we
recognize the fundamental weakness of
the Cozlamunist world, This weakness is
dramatized by groups such. as the Polish
Peasant Party, which both within the
country and through spokesmen in the
Free World, very effectively and persist-
ently struggles to restore legitimate free-
dom and progressive government to the
millions of people now s ffering under
Communist enslavement
A Realistic Appraisal- of American For-
eign Policy in/ theast Asia
Hbi, ROBERT L. LEGGtTT '
OF CALIFORNIA
having a field day over the past month
isolating various and sundry portions of
American foreign policy in southeast Asia
and heaping and compounding criticism
upon the same.
American foreign policy in southeast
Asia is complex but I do not believe too
complex for reasonable people to ana-
lyze the facts and come to conclusions
other than that suggested by academic
community leader, Hans Morgenthau,
that it is inevitable that communism take
over southeast Asia lest there be total
war with Communist China.
Assistant Secretary of State, Douglas
MacArthur II has recently factually ana-
lyzed the American policy in Vietnam, I
believe convincingly, in the following
communication.
I would hope over the coming weeks
to insert further and additional material
in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD which
would be further supportive of the Amer-
ican position:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, June 7, 1965.
The Honorable RoIIERTL. LEGGETT,
House of Representatives.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN LEGGETT: Thank you
for your letter of June 2 enclosing a letter
concerning the situation in Vietnam.
Your constituent. raises several points
with which I must disagree. The main point
seems to be that the conflict in Vietnam is
a civil war. I? will address myself primarily
to this point. In response to the other issues
that your constituent raises I am enclosing
material which she should find of interest.
Far from being a civil war, the war in
South Vietnam is the result of the announced
attempt by the Communist regime in North
Vietnam to conquer South Vietnam in viola-
tion of the 1954 Geneva accords. In Com-
munist propaganda this form of aggression
masquerades as a "war of national libera-
tion." In reality, the war which the Vietcong
are waging against the South is directed po-
litically and militarily from Hanoi, the
capital of North Vietnam. It is com-
manded primarily by leaders and special-
ists infiltrated from north of the 17th
parallel. It is supplied by weapons
and equipment sent by North Viet-
nam, which in turn is supported by Red
China. Its aim is to win control of South
Vietnam for communism in violation of
solemn agreements and with no reference to
the wishes of the South Vietnamese people.
In December, 1901, the State Department
thoroughly "documented North Vietnam's
efforts to conquer South Vietnam in its
white paper entitled "A Threat to the Peace."
The February 1965 State Department white
paper' entitled "Aggression From the North"
adds documentation on how, Hanoi has
masterminded the Vietcong campaign in
South Vietnam. The 1962 report of the In-
ternational ' Control Commission for Vietnam
spelled out North Vietnam's aggressive
actions in flagrant violation of the 1964
Geneva accords and the 1962 agreement on
Laos.
What Hanoi was, up to then is even more
apparent now. In the ICC report of Febru-
ary 13, 1965, the Canadian delegate to the
.ICC, Mr. J. B. Seaborn, says that "The events
which have taken place in both North and
South Vietnam since February 7 are the
direct result of the intensification of the
aggressive policy of the Government of
Qxtla.V}etraa;Il.?Points to 'the con-
tinuing fact that North Vietnam has in-
cre.ased its efforts to incite, encourage, and
support hostile activities in South Vietnam,
aimed at the overthrow of the South V).et-
A3043
Vietnamese infiltrators is the quality and
type of people Hanoi has been sending, in
that they are essentially the trained officers
and specialists who serve as the backbone of
the Vietcong movement.
Another aspect of this is that within the
last year Hanoi has been sending primarily
native-born North Vietnamese to fight in
the south. From 1959 until last year, North
Vietnam priinariiy utilized a pool of South
Vietnamese who had fought with the Viet
Minh against the French and went north
in 1954 to become citizens of North Vietnam.
The Communists are fond of saying that
whether the Vietcong are born in the north
or south, they are still Vietnamese and
therefore an indigenous revolt must be tak-
ing place. Certainly, they are Vietnamese,
and the North Koreans who swept across
their boundary in 1950 to attack South Korea
were also Koreans. However, this did not
make the Korean war an indigenous revolt
from the point of view of either world secur-
ity or in terms of acceptable standards of
conduct. By the same token, if West Ger-
many were to take similar action against
East Germany, it is doubtful that the East
Germans, the Soviet Union, and the rest of
the Communist bloc would stand aside on
the grounds that it was nothing more than
an indigenous affair. The simple issue is
that military personnel and arms have been
sent across an international demarcation
line (just as valid a border as Korea or
Germany) contrary to international agree-
ments and law to destroy the freedom of a
neighboring people.
The hard core leaders and technicians
serving the so-called National Liberation
Front of South Vietnam are not serving the
interests of the people of South Vietnam,
but were sent by and are serving the in-
terests of their masters in the north. In
addition to them, there are, of course, a sub-
stantial number of South Vietnamese who,
largely by terror and intimidation, have been
recruited into the Vietcong movement.
But, as the President recently put it,
Hanoi's support of the Vietcong is the heart-
beat of the war. It is for that reason, and
because Hanoi has stepped up its aggression
that the Government of South Vietnam and
the United States have been forced to in-
crease our response and strike through the
air at the true source of the aggression-
Nort Vietnam. This does not represent a
change of purpose on our part-but a change
in the means we believe are necessary to
stem aggression.
Prior to our stepped up assistance to South
Vietnam in 1961 in response to increasing
aggressive actions against the South, U.S.
military aid to South Vietnam was carried
out within the limits imposed by the 1954
Geneva Accords.
it was in response to North Vietnamese
violations of the Accords (documented in
1902,13y the ICC in Vietnam and reconfirmed
by the February 13, 1965, report of the Ca-
nadian delegation to the ICC) that the
United States responded to the Government
of Vietnam's request for stepped-up assist-
ance to help defend itself. We believe our
aid is justified in view of North Vietnam's
flagrant violations of its obligations under
the 1954, and 1962 (Laos) Geneva agree-
ments.
The liberation front is no more than just
that-a front for North Vietnam's aggressive
campaign against South Vietnam. It has
no legal basis under international law, no
real support from the people of South Viet-
nam and no ability to survive without con-
tinuing support from North Vietnam and
other Communist nations. It was Hanoi's
creation in 1960 and to this day Hanoi is
directing and supplying it-with its essential
men and material.
Thursdciy, June 10, 1965 namese administration. Some individuals are concerned that the
?^e In a recent network television interview, Government of South Vietnam does not
Mr. LS GGFTT. Mr. Speaker, theaca- Mr. Seaborn said that perhaps even more represent the people; we would like to point
demic community has apparently been significant than the actual numbers of North out, however, that there is more evidence to
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 CIA7RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
 A3044
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 10, 1965
show that the Government of the Republic of
Vietnam is based on the consent of the
people under its jurisdiction than is the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam. There is
a free and open exchange of ideas in South
Vietnam; political parties, trade unions and
religious groups, among others, not only
exist and express independent opinions but
have a definite influence on governmental
-policies. Nothing of this sort is.evident in
North Vietnam; nor are there indications
there of freedom of the press or assembly,
a striking contrast with the situation In
South Vietnam.
The attitude of the Government of the
Republic of Vietnam toward communism is
unmistakable: even though there has been
a series of governmental revisions since the
fall of the Diem government in November
1963, every administration has operated from
a basic policy of anticommunism, and a
staunch determination to continue the
struggle against Communist aggression. The
South Vietnamese people themselves have
given undeniable evidence of their allegiance
by "voting with their feet"-since the begin-
ning of this year, approximately 200,000 have
become refugees, choosing to abandon their
homes and leave the Vietcong-controlled
areas in the north central portion of South
Vietnam. The close to one million persons
who fled from North Vietnam to the South
after the Communists assumed control are
more impressive testimony still to the al-
legiance of the Vietnamese people.
We do not find any significant body of
people or opinion in South Vietnam among
these 14 million people, other than the Viet-
cong themselves, who are looking to Hanoi
for guidance. The Vietcong use the old in-
strument of terror to induce passivity. As a
result, in those areas which have been se-
cured and cleared, there is no problem about
the cooperation of the people in South Viet-
nam when they can be given reasonable as-
surance that their cooperation will riot lead
to their throats being slit on the following
night. In addition, when one speaks about
the attitudes of the villagers, one must re-
member that these people want to live lives
in decency and security, grow their own
crops, raise their families, and improve their
land if they can. And they are not asking
the north for the answer.
As a result of the 1954 Geneva accords,
South Vietnam as well as North Vietnam is
an international entity with independent
International status. Under those Accords,
Vietnam was temporarily divided into two
separate zones each to be administered by the
authorities in North and South Vietnam,
respectively, until the unification of the
country. The accords, then, endowed both
North and South Vietnam with spearate
and distinct status. For example,. diplo-
matic or consular relations have been estab-
lished with Saigon or Hanoi or both?
At the same time, the provisional military
demarcation line established by the Geneva
Accords, although not a "political or terri-
torial boundary," is still an international
frontier that must be respected under inter-
' The Republic of Vietnam has de jure
diplomatic relations with 52 nations includ-
ing France, United Kingdom, West Germany,
Brazil, Mexico, Switzerland, and Ethiopia.
North Vietnam has full diplomatic relations
with 24 countries, 12 of whom belong to
the Communist bloc. This recognition
ratio is comparable to South Korea which
has full relations with 64 nations while
North Korea is recognized by 25. West Ger-
many has de jure recognition from nearly
100 nations while East Germany has full
diplomatic relations with only 12.
As far back as 1955, South Vietnam was
recognized, de jure, by 36 nations, and
North Vietnam had full relations with 12
countrites.
national law. In this respect the division
of Vietnam is similar to the division of Ger-
many or Korea. It is obvious that if a state
Is divided by an internationally recognized
demarcation line, each part of that state must
retrain from the use of force or hostile acts
against the other. Thus, an attack by North
Korea on South Korea or East Germany on
West Germany would be illegal. Such at-
tacks are no less aggression or armed attack
than an attack by one state aaainst another.
The point about the French failure to win
in Vietnam is one that is often heard, but
has little application to the present situa-
tion. The French were fighting to preserve
some sort of continued French Union pres-
ence in Vietnam and actually exercised mili-
tary command over the Vietnamese forces;
we are assisting the Vietnamese in their own
fight to preserve their independence and way
of life against Communist Imperialism and
are ready to pull out once our help is no
longer needed.
If I may be of any further assistance to
you, please let me know.
Sincerely yours,
DOUGLAS MACARTHUR II,
Assistant Secretary for Congressional Re-
lations.
Traffic Relief Contest
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 10, 1965
Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr.
Speaker, a most interesting public serv-
ice program is being developed in New
York by Robert Joseph, a prominent real
estate executive, in cooperation with
the United Taxi Owners Guild, and many
leading New York citizens.
The program seeks to develop new sug-
gestions aimed at traffic relief. Inas-
much as the problem of growing traffic
congestion relates to all of our urban
areas, I would like to have the following
material placed on record detailing some
of the efforts of private individuals to
curb mounting traffic congestion.
Traffic congestion threatens to strangle
the economic life of New York and some-
thing practical must be done about it-
with this in mind, a group of prominent
real estate executives, public officials,
civic and business leaders have organ-
ized a traffic relief contest to be run on
an annual basis.
Robert Joseph, chairman of Robert
Joseph & Co., Inc., a real estate firm,
conceived of the contest and helped or-
ganize it. His company is posting $500
in prizes to help stimulate specific and
imaginative solutions to the traffic di-
lemma. Cosponsor of the contest isthe
2,000-member United Taxi Owners
Guild.
The contest will be open to any li-
censed real estate broker or salesman
and to licensed taxicab drivers and own-
ers. The entrant must submit in writ-
ing a description of his idea on how to
help ease the traffic problem. The idea
can involve a limited intersection or
traffic artery, or may span a large geo-
graphic area.
The entires must be submitted on or
before June 15. They must beno more
than 500 words In length, and must per-
tain to any or all of the five boroughs of
the city.
The entires are to be submitted to As-
semblyman Alfred A. Lama, 395 Pearl
Street, Brooklyn. Mr. Lama has ac-
cepted the position of secretary of the
committee.
The first prize will be $300 in cash;
the second prize, $200, and both will be
presented at a luncheon.
Members of the panel of judges in-
clude: State Senator Thomas J. Mackell,
Democrat, of Queens; State Senator
Frederic S. Berman, Democrat, of Man-
hattan; City Councilman Thomas J.
Cuite, Democrat, of Brooklyn; Assembly-
woman Aileen B. Ryan, Democrat, of
Bronx; Congressman JOHN M. MURPHY,
Democrat, of Brooklyn-Staten Island;
Herman B. Glaser, president of the New
York State Association of Trial Law-
yers; Leon Teuch and Salvatore Baron,
president and executive manager re-
spectively of the United Taxi Owners
Guild; and State Senator Guy James
Manago, Democrat, of Brooklyn.
The traffic suggestions will be offered
to the city as a public service in an
effort to focus attention on the problem
and in an attempt to develop worth-
while ideas that could lead to an im-
provement in traffic control.
The city, under Commissioner Barnes,
has done a heroic job and the com-
mittee feels that the citizens who have
a stake in seeing that traffic congestion
is eased, can offer much in terms of good
concepts.
The cabdriver and the real estate
man live with this problem everyday,
and their attention to the problem may
prove extremely rewarding to the city.
LAWS RELATIVE TO THE PRINTING OF
DOCUMENTS
Either House may order the printing of a
document not already provided for by law,
but only when the same shall be accompa-
nied by an estimate from the Public Printer
as to the probable cost thereof. Any execu-
tive department, bureau, board or independ-
ent office of the Government submitting re-
ports or documents in response to inquiries
from Congress shall submit therewith an
estimate of the probable cost of printing the
usual number. Nothing in this section re-
lating to estimates shall apply to reports or
documents not exceeding 50 pages (U.S.
Code, title 44, sec. 140, p. 1938).
Resolutions for printing extra copies, when
presented to either House, shall be referred
immediately to the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representa-
tives or the Committee on Rules and Admin-
istration of the Senate, who, in making their
report, shall give the probable cost of the
proposed printing upon the estimate of the
Public Printer, and no extra copies shall be
printed before such committee has reported
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 133, p. 1937).
CHANGE OF RESIDENCE
Senators, Representatives, and Delegates
who have changed their residences will please
give information thereof to the Government
Printing Office, that their addresses may be
correctly given in the RECORD.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180028-0