COMMUNIST HARASSMENT OF VIETNAM SERVICEMEN'S KIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180022-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: June 22, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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June 22, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-' SENATE
WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSDR'VTE,
r Worcester, Mass., June .11, 1965.
Hon. RALPH YARBOROUGH,
U.S. Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR YARBOSQUGH: I am... writing
to inform you of my personal support of
your bill Senate No. 9 extending the GI bill
to veterans of the cold war.
In view of the circumstances taking place
in Vietnam, and the Dominican Republic, it
would seem that veterans, like myself, who
served after January 31, 1955, should be elig
ible for the bepeflts included in your pro-
posed legislation.
Many thanks for your Interest in us.
Sincerely,
PHILIP, T. DOHERTY,
Ft
COMMUNIST kUAR-APSMENT OF
VIETNAM SERVICEMEN'S KIN
Mr, DODD. Mr. President, there is no
more c1'Uel or more fiendish form of har-
assment than.. that practiced by anony-
mous telephone callers who use the tele-
phone as an instrument of terror or of
torment.
We are accustomed to thinking of
these "telephone terrorists," as either
criminals or crackpots.
Certainly this is true in most cases.
But it is not commonly realized that this
merciless weapon is also used in a cal-
culated political manner by the Commu-
nist movement against its opponents in
this country and in other free countries.
The evidence is now accumulating that
we are confronting an organized cam-
paign of telephone harassment of Viet-
nam servicemen's families, the only con-
ceivable, purpose of which can be to un-
dermine the morale, or seek to under-
mine the morale, of our forces in
Vietnam.
The first such instance was reported
in the New York Times on June 10. The
widow of Capt. Christopher O'Sullivan,
a 28-year-old Army captain killed in
Vietnam, received a number of anony-
mous calls and letters. The first caller
said to her about her husband:
He didn't belong in Vietnam in the first
place. Your husband got what he de-
served, I am glad * * * it serves him
right.
The Times reported that this call
shocked Mrs. O'Sullivan so much that
she fainted. Later she had her tele-
phone number changed to . an unlisted
one. But when the funeral. for Captain
O'Sullivan was held on June, 19, Police
Commissioner Vincent Broderick per-
sonally commanded a 30-man security
force to cope with the possibility of any
demonstration.
An AP dis atch from Da Nang, Viet-
nam,yesterde&, reports that American
servicemen are reacting with bitterness
and anger to reports from home that
their wives and families are, being sub-
jected to harassing calls from people op-
posed to U.S. involvement in Viet-
nam. I ask unanimous consent, Mr.
redet to Insert into the, RECORD an
article oln ae New Xork,Tiixies of.June
lO, and the AP dispatch from the Balti-
more Sun of ,this morning's date, deal-
ing with this matter.
No. 112-4
The AP dispatch to which I have re-
ferred spoke of the telephone callers as
cranks. At another point it suggested
that the calls may have originated with
so-called antiwar groups.
These are interpretations I cannot ac-
cept. ,
I am certain that no member of a paci-
fist movement, no matter how opposed he
might be to our presence in Vietnam,
would resort to this kind of inhuman
tactic.
For that matter, I find it difficult to
believe that even psychopathic or crimi-
nal elements could stoop to such base
inhumanity.
The nature of the call, and past ex-
periences with similar campaigns of
harassment, suggest that what is in-
volved here is the organized apparatus
of the American Communist. Party.
I recall that when Judge Irving Kauf-
man, one of this country's most eminent
jurists, presided over the trial of Julius
and Ethel Rosenberg, and passed sen-
tence of death an them after their con-
viction by the jury, both Judge Kaufman
and his wife were harassed by telephone
calls for months on end, at all hours of
the day and night. They changed their
phone number several times, but each
time the Communists, in some way, dis-
covered their new number, and the cam-
paign of harassment began all over
again. This entire sordid story was the
subject of an article in the Saturday
Evening Post entitled "The Ordeal of
Judge Kaufman."
Mr. President, words cannot express
the contempt that I feel for those who,
for political motivation, stoop to tactics
so base and inhuman. I am certain that
this feeling of contempt is shared by the
overwhelming majority of the American
people.
It is my hope that at least some of
those involved in this national campaign
of telephone harassment will be brought
to book so that the American people may
get a clearer look at them and so that we
will have an opportunity to learn some-
thing about their political motivation
and associations.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York Times, June 10, 1965]
POLICE GUARD RITES roa VIETNAM HERO
Police Commissioner Vincent Broderick
commanded a 30-man security force today
at the funeral of an Army captain killed in
Vietnam. The victim's family had been sub-
jected to gloating anonymous calls and un-
signed letters.
A high police official said it had been feared
that the funeral of 28-year-old Capt. Chris-
topher O'Sullivan would be turned into a
demonstration against U.S. intervention in
Vietnam.
The security force was stationed both in-
side the Immaculate Conception Roman
Catholic Church in Astoria, Queens, and for
two blocks around it. Two police riot vans
were parked nearby.
But no..demonstration wasstaged.
After the Ranger company commander's
death May 30, his widow began receiving the
calls and letters, Members,o,ttie family said
they contained such statements as:
13817
place * * * Your husband got what he de-
served * * * I'm glad * * * It serves you
right."
The first call shocked Mrs. O'Sullivan so
much that she fainted. Later she had her
telephone number changed and unlisted.
She lives in Astoria with their two sons,
3 and 4.
[From the Baltimore Sun]
ANTIWAR HECKLING OF KIN RANKLE GI's IN
VIETNAM
DA NANG, VIETNAM, June 20.-American
servicemen here are reacting with bitterness
and anger at reports from home that their
wives and families are being subjected to
crank calls from people opposed to U.S. in-
volvement in Vietnam.
Ranking American officers feel the attacks
upon the servicemen's families could, in time,
adversely affect morale among the fighting
men In South Vietnam.
A number of the U.S. servicemen have re-
ported to their superiors that their parents
or wives have been approached by so-called
antiwar groups.
IT SERVES YOU RIGHT
Some of the servicemen expressed extreme
bitterness over the case involving the widow
of Army Capt. Christopher O'Sullivan, of
Queens, N.Y. O'Sullivan was killed and the
Vietnamese unit he advised was virtually
wiped out on Memorial Day.
Soon afterward Mrs. O'Sullivan received
annonymous telephone calls and letters say-
ing "Your husband got what he deserved."
"It serves you right." "He didn't belong in
Vietnam in the first place."
Newspaper clippings reporting the incident
in New York quickly circulated through Da
Nang, where O'Sullivan had been stationed.
An Air Force, pilot who did not know
O'Sullivan said, "How could anyone do some-
thing like that even though they thought
the war is wrong."
Col. Howard St. Clair, of Columbus, Ga.,
senior American adviser to the Vietnamese
1st Army Corps, said of the O'Sullivan In-
cident:
"This is my third war and I can't recall
anything like this before. It's disgusting,
but I don't believe It has had any appreciable
effect on morale. If it continues, then we
would have a problem"
Mrs. O'Sullivan, who lives with her two
sons, was forced to obtain an unlisted tele-
phone number. A number of servicemen
here reported their wives had done the same
thing because of calls or the threat of them.
An Army major reported that several per-
sons called on his wife and tried to convince
her that he was trapped in sin because of the
"evil war in Vietnam."
"They will be stoning the wounded at
home soon, just like they did in France dur-
ing the Indochina wax," the veteran of 11
months in Vietnam said.
Most servicemen asked about the situa-
tion requested not to be quoted by name
because of the fear of pressure on their
families.
A Marine helicopter door gunner said, "A
lot of us are going to get zapped (killed or
wounded) over here. They tell us we're
here to stop communism. But some of the
newspaper clippings I've been getting from
home make it sound like some people think
we're the aggressors and not the Communists.
That's just nuts."
PILOT'S OPINION
A pilot said, "They do us a lot of damage.
I get about as upset about those college kids
who want to send medicine to the Vietcong.
as_I do by the Communists."
A Special Forces sergeant said, "I wonder
if those kids aren't secretly worried about
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 22, 1965
the war lasting long enough that they will
have to fight it themselves."
Many servicemen write off segments of
antiwar feeling in the United States as the
product of what one called the oddball left.
Some GI's who have attended college believe
the teach-ins and protests in colleges are
youths attempting to establish identity
through protest for its own sake.
WHOLE THING HURTS
"Hell, some of them will wind up rich
bankers and doctors worried about the crank
ideas of their own kids," an officer in an
armored outfit said. "But the whole thing
hurts, nonetheless."
A staff sergeant said, "Most of those people
who are so hot to tell the world what vicious
animals we are would change their minds
pretty quickly if they could come here and
see the war as it is.
"I saw a lot of dead civilians during Korea;
but I never saw atrocities like the VC (Viet-
cong) have pulled."
PRESIDENT EISENHOWER SUP-
PORTS PENDING BIRTH-CONTROL
LEGISLATION-REPORT ON HEAR-
INGS ON SENATE BILL 1676
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President,
hearings opened today on Senate bill
1676 and related bills, which seek to co-
ordinate birth-control information and
to make it available, upon request, in the
United States and overseas.
A part of the motivation of the hear-
ings is found in President Lyndon John-
son's state of the Union pledge, when he
said:
I will seek new ways to use our knowledge
to help deal with the explosion in world
population and the growing scarcity in world
resources.
Giving information to the people "is
the most certain and the most legitimate
engine of government"; so wrote Thomas
Jefferson, 178 years _ago, to his friend,
James Madison:
Today, another President-a past
President-has also spoken; today, the
Senate Government Operations Commit-
tee's Subcommittee on Foreign Aid Ex-
penditures, of which I am chairman, and
which is holding hearings on Senate bill
1676 and related bills, received a
thoughtful and illuminating statement
from former President Dwight D. Eisen-
hower. He told the subcommittee that
he is delighted that it "is concerning it-
self with this subject," one that he con-
siders "constitutes one of the most, if not
the most, critical problem facing man-
kind today."
Former President Eisenhower said
quite frankly that he does not "believe it
to be the function of the Federal Government to interfere in the social structure
of other nations by using, except through
private institutions, American resources
to assist them in a partial stabilization
of their numbers. I expressed this view
publicly, but soon abandoned it."
The facts available caused former
President Eisenhower to change his opin-
ion. He said, in his statement:
If we now ignore the plight of those un-
born generations which, because of our un-
refAiness to take corrective action in con-
trolling population growth, will be denied
any expectations beyond abject poverty and
suffering, then history will rightly condemn
us.
He calls for the cooperation of the
Federal Government and appropriate
private and semipublic organizations, so
that "the necessary human and material
resources can be promptly mobilized and
employed to cope effectively with the
great need of slowing down and finally
stabilizing the growth in the world's
population."
His statement this morning on this
worldwide problem of increasing popula-
tion is a valuable and historical contribu-
tion to the public dialog.
I ask unanimous consent that the full
text of former President Eisenhower's
reasoned statement be printed in the
RECORD at the conclusion of my remarks.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President,
testifying in person today before the
subcommittee were the Senator from
Texas [Mr. YARBOROUGH], the Senator
from Utah [Mr. Moss], the Senator from
Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK], Representa-
tive PAUL H. TODD, JR., of Michigan, Rep-
resentative MORRIS K. UDALL, of Arizona,
and Representative D. R. "BILLY"
MATTHEWS, of Florida.
The hearings continue tomorrow,
Wednesday, June 23, at 10 a.m., in room
3302, New Senate Office Building, on
Senate bill 1676 and related bills, to
coordinate birth-control information,
available upon request. Appearing as
witnesses will be the Senator from Mary-
land [Mr. TYDINGS], Dr. Frederick Seitz,
president of the National Academy of
Sciences, Representative JOHN CONYERS,
JR., of Michigan, Representative JAMES
H. SCHEUER, of New York, Robert C.
Cook, President of the Population Ref-
erence Bureau, and others.
EXHIBIT 1
TEXT OF WRITTEN STATEMENT BY FORMER
PRESIDENT DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, CON-
CERNING THE NEED To SOLVE THE POPULA-
TION EXPLOSION, SUBMITTED TO SENATOR
ERNEST GRUENING, CHAIRMAN, SENATE SUB-
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AID EXPENDITURES
GETTYSBURG, PA.,
June 18,1965.
DEAR SENATOR GRUENING: I am compli-
mented by your invitation for me to com-
ment on the many problems arising out of
the extraordinary and rapid increase in the
world's population. I am taking advantage
of your suggestion that should it be more
convenient to me to submit a written state-
ment than to appear before you in person,
this would be satisfactory to the committee.
As a first comment I must say that I am
delighted that your committee is concerning
itself with this subject, one that I consider
constitutes one of the most, if not the most,
of the critical problems facing mankind
today. While it is true that there remain
great areas of the world in which there are
still unexploited resources for food produc-
tion and of irreplaceable subsurface min-
erals, it is still quite clear that in spite of
great technical progress in production of the
necessaries of life, we are scarcely keeping
up, in overall production and distribution,
with the requirements of burgeoning and
underfed populations. Moreover, since the
earth is finite in area and physical resources,
it Is clear that unless something is done to
bring an essential equilibrium between
human requirements and available supply,
there is going to be in some regions, not
only a series of riotous explosions but a
lowering of standards of all peoples, includ-
ing our own.
Ten years ago, although aware of some of
these growing dangers abroad, I did not then
believe it to be the function of the Federal
Government to interfere in the social struc-
tures of other nations by using, except
through private institutions, American re-
sources to assist them in a partial stabiliza-
tion of their numbers. I expressed this view
publicly but soon abandoned it. After
watching and studying results of some of
the aid programs of the early fifties, I became
convinced that without parallel programs
looking to population stabilization all that
we could do, at the very best, would be to
maintain rather than improve standards in
those who need our help.
We now know that the problem is not
only one for foreign nations to study and to
act accordingly, but it has also serious por-
tents for us.
I realize that in important segments of our
people and of other nations this question is
regarded as a moral one and therefore
scarcely a fit subject for Federal legislation.
With their feelings I can and do sympathize.
But I cannot help believe that the preven-
tion of human degradation and starvation
is likewise a moral--as well as a material-
obligation resting upon every enlightened
government. Ife we now ignore the plight
of those unborn generations which, because
of our unreadiness to take corrective action
in controlling population growth, will be
denied any expectations beyond abject
poverty and suffering, then history will
rightly condemn us.
I have two specific suggestions respecting
S. 1676. First, I doubt the wisdom of au-
thorizing two new Assistant Secretaries and
the establishment of new bureaucratic
groupings, but if this is the only way to han-
dle the administrative activities so created
I could not seriously object.
Second, I must refer to reported instances,
by no means exceptional, of the repetitive
production of children by unwed mothers,
apparently lured by the resulting increase in
income from welfare funds. To err is human
and certainly none of us would want to deny
needed support for anyone who because of
some emotional pressure gave birth to an il-
legitimate child. But, when this is repeated
to the point of habit, society will find itself
in the curious position of spending money
with one hand to slow up population growth
among responsible families and with the
other providing financial incentive for in-
creased production by the ignorant, feeble-
minded, or lazy. Corrective action will re-
quire careful study, for even if research
should uncover no effective measures other
than legal sterilization, a final resort to this
method unquestionably would shock great
segments of our citizenry.
I would not endanger the passage of your
bill by any mention of this subject, but I
submit that we have a situation here that
unless corrected could become far more seri-
ous than it is today.
Along with former President Truman I am
cochairman of the Honorary Sponsors Com-
mittee, Planned Parenthood-World Popula-
tion. I accepted this position in order to
demonstrate my recognition of the urgency
of the entire problem and the alarming con-
sequences that are certain to follow its neg-
lect.
Being sure that other witnesses, far more
competent than I in specialized and profes-
sional fields, will discuss this matter in detail
before your committee, I content myself
merely by saying that I devoutly hope that
necessary measures will be enacted into law
to authorize the Federal Government, as well
as appropriate private and semipublic or-
ganizations, so to cooperate among them-
selves that the necessary human and mate-
rial resources can be promptly mobilized and
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June 22, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD'- APPENDIX
being built through Mickey's establishment and said simply, "I am a delegate of M" P
of the Meridian Community Center jointly from Lauderdale County. I would not be
with James Chaney and its growing role in here if Mickey had not come to see me." We
the lives of more and more of the Negro peo- were very much touched by this living in-
ple of Meridian. That center became a place dication of the effectiveness of our son's
where people could congregate, could learn work. But beyond that, I was impressed by
the basics of citizenship and a good deal this gentleman's words for another reason. I
more. With sewing machines and materials was aware of the courage it must have taken
_ _ y _a _-.- .. ..-ed for his more than
to
make for themselves a few articles of new
clothing-made by and for people who had
never worn anything but hand-me-downs
from the homes in which many of the women
work as domestics. In addition to the or-
ganizational support of the Council of Fed-
erated Organization (COFO), my wife and
I, together with a host of friends, were of
some small help in supplying materials, ma-
chines, stationery, books, and many other
items so sorely needed for education and self-
help. Mickey's example could not be toler-
ated; he had to be stopped.
What the conspirators and their mentors
overlooked, `hbwever,'was the fact that the
American people had at least part of a con-
science. That part was aroused by the fact
that two whites albeit young Jews from New
York, were brutally murdered. As a result,
the movement got a national impetus which
no previous event had engendered. But
what about James Chaney, who, for 5
months, helped build the center, went into
outlying areas with Mickey to establish
freedom schools, who became more a brother
to Mickey than a coworker?
Let me answer that question with another:
What about Herbert Lee? I am ashamed, as
an American, that I had not known the name
until August 1964.. Lee was a Negro farmer
in Amite County, Miss., who was murdered
September 25, 1961, because he had attempted
to assert his right to vote as an American
citizen. There was hardly a ripple of Amer-
lean conscience stirred by Mr. Lee's death,
or by the hundreds of clandestine murders,
co years of rue, even ,rnv 111=??-?-
Mickey to talk to him. Thereafter, I knew,
he must have attended local MFDP meetings,
must have gone to a county convention, the
State convention and now to the national
convention. All this he must have done with
the knowledge that on his return home, he
and his family might well meet with both
physical violence and economic reprisal-loss
of job, curtailment of credit, a thousand
things. To me, such courage has trans-
cended all others because it is typical of
many thousands of Negroes who walk in con-
stant fear.
More and more, I have pondered the ques-
tion of how to move large numbers of our
people beyond expressions of sympathy and
admiration. It is heartwarming to realize
that so much of America has identified itself
with those of us who have become closely
involved in the struggle for freedom of all
of our citizens. But how far does this iden-
tification go?
I have often wondered what would happen
if, by State laws and by oppression, violence
and intimidation, all citizens of Irish or
Italian extraction in New York State were
A3247
sippi, but every facet of national and inter-
national life in which our Federal Govern-
ment plays a role. They are our
Representatives, not merely those of Missis-
sippi. I urge every American to press upon
his own Representative the duty to unseat
the five challenged Mississippians.
During the year, many people, many or-
ganizations, have created awards in the
names of the three young men murdered in
Mississippi, Little would be more flitting
to memorialize their sacrifice, in my opinion,
than for Congress to insist that all of its
Members be elected by an electorate fully
and freely composed of all citizens from any
congressional district.
Many of us have long felt that our indi-
vidual voices are too puny to have an effect
upon our communities, our Congressmen,
upon any situation. But the enemies of an
integrated America, although in a small mi-
nority, are outspoken both as individuals and
in groups. We, who truly believe that all
men are created equal, must make our sup-
port most clear in our daily lives, by our
financial assistance, and, yes, by our political
support. Each of us must help do the job
of all of us.
Aiding Our Enemies
OF
HON. ROBERT H.
OF ILLINOIS
MICHEL
denied the right to vote, or if, by similar
means, all persons of Scandinavian or Teu-
tonic ancestry in Minnesota were denied the
right to vote. What an uproar there would
be from every corner of the land. And yet,
that is exactly what is happening in Missis-
sippi, in Alabama and elsewhere. Isn't it.
time we adopted one standard for all
Americans?
disappearances and beatings of Negroes in I certainly hope, as I write, that all the
And I am convinced that if measures President Johnson has advanced
Deep South
th
.
e
James Chaney had been murdered alone, for securing Negroes' right to vote will be
there would have been no comparable awak- implemented rapidly. But I have become
ening of white Americans. convinced that legislation, carefully as it may
I.think of a few more names. We all know be drawn, is subject to the tortuous delays of
Of the Reverend James Reeb and Mrs. Viola long, drawn-out litigation. Those people
Liuzzo, both murdered in Alabama in March who are in absolute control of the political
1965. I think it was right for public figures machinery in a given area have always been
and people from all over the Nation to express capable of frustrating the will of the ma-
their grief and their indignation. But jority of our citizenry for indefinite periods.
where were those expressions of grief This has been so, historically, in the South,
and indignation a short time before when a until now, and there is little reason to doubt
young American was shot to death by an that it will continue to be so unless a means
Alabama State trooper for putting his body of shaking that control is found.
that
hereb
h
y
owever, w
between his mother and the club of that There is a means,
officer? Where were the dignitaries repre- control can be partly shaken in the next
renting Federal, State, municipal, trade brief period. That is the situation, soon to
union, churlch, fraternal andiother organiza- come before the U.S. House of Representa-
tions at his funeral? Jimmy Lee Jackson tives, in which the voices of all of us can
was black, be heard with immediate effect. It is a sit-
The vast majority of us whites has not, uation which can go far to undermine the
to this day, accepted the fact that every political power illegally assumed by the domi-
human being is as much an American-is as nant people in the Deep South. It is one
much entitled to respect as a person-as we upon which can be based major changes in
who are white. the social and economic suppression of
During these months we have received hundreds of thousands of American citizens.
much solace'from intimates, from acquaint- I refer to the challenge to unseat the five
ances and from strangers. People from all men purported to have been elected to the
walks of life and from all over the world House from Mississippi.
have expressed their sympathy. Many have
also made kind comments about the courage
THE CHALLENGE
I have been told that the challenge is sup-
orted by about 600 depositions which clearly
P
opinion, in the case of Mrs. Fanny
fled, in my oindicate denial of the right to vote to great
Chaney and her children. But for me, one numbers of people. Every bit of testimony
,of the most moving experiences occurred last was subject to the right of cross-examination
August *life my wife and I were at the At- by attorneys for the challenged five men, and
lantic City National Convention of the Dem- many of the witnesses were cross-examined.
ocratic Party. It was during the historic at- Yet the five so challenged have failed to
tempt by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic adduce a single item of testimony on their
Party (MFDP) to have its delegates seated in own behalfs to rebut the evidence of the
place of those "elected" at primaries in illegality of their election.
.Mississippi from which Negroes were system- I cannot understand how we can face the
atieally excluded.' world or face ourselves if we permit people
iskY'bNA SYMPATHY elected without even the semblance of demo-
A white-haired Negro, pulling himself tall cratic process to sit in our Congress. Their
and erect, approached us, elapsed our hands, voices affect not only the affairs of Missis-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 22, 1965
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, if Presi-
dent Johnson intends to authorize any
more food for Egypt, the American peo-
ple deserve a clear explanation of how it
could possibly serve the national interest.
Reports out of Egypt indicate that the
President is planning to release $37 mil-
lion of surplus commodities. The ad-
ministration will not deny it. It is my
opinion that any decision to release this
food should take note of the wishes of
Congress. An editorial, that follows,
from the Chicago Tribune of June 18,
1965, indicates that any further aid to
Egypt will help our enemies:
AIDING OUR ENEMIES
Reports persist in Cairo that President
Johnson is about to authorize release of
$37.5 million worth of surplus food to the
United Arab Republic. This is the shipment,
designated under the current 3-year aid pro-
gram, which Congress blocked last February
after an Egyptian mob burned the John F.
Kennedy Memorial Library and a truculent
President Nasser told this country to go
drink seawater-slang for "go to hell." Our
State Department, however, continues to
deny that any decision to release the food
has been made.
Nasserrot only wants the food he thinks
is coming to him under the current aid pro-
gram which expires at the end of this month,
but he also would like a new 3-year pro-
gram to provide $500 million worth of food.
That would raise the cost of American food
aid to the United Arab Republic to well over
$1.5 billion since 1954.
Now comes a new report from informed
Cairo sources that the United Arab Repub-
lic has violated its aid agreement by divert-
ing 40 percent of its rice crop from its own
food-short population and selling it abroad.
More than half of the rice exports are re-
ported to have gone to Communist nations,
including Red China and Cuba. Thus, while
the United Arab Republic was accepting
American food aid, which amounted to $175
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 22, 1965
million last year, it was se'ling a large share
of its own food to two Communist countries
against which the United States has trade
embargoes.
Incredible as it may seem, our aid agree-
ment with Nasser permits him to sell to
these two countries, among others, but he
pledged himself to restrict exports in any
1 year to no more than about 32.5 percent
of the total rice crop.
After Congress balked last February, it
relented to the extent of authorizing Mr.
Johnson to resume food shipments to the
United Arab Republic if he found they were
"in the national interest." It is hardly neces-
sary to point out that the United States is
trapped in an increasingly hot war in Viet-
nam, in which Red China has an influential
hand. We are up to our necks trying to pre-
vent a Communist takeover in the Domin-
ican Republic where the Red followers of
Fidel Castro play a prominent role.
By shipping food to Nasser the United
States has been giving aid and comfort to
two of our most implacable enemies, Red
China and Cuba. If President Johnson in-
tends to authorize any more food for the
United. Arab Republic, the American people
deserve a clear explanatior. of how it could
possibly serve the national interest.
1
Our Guy in Vietnam
EXTENSION' OF REMARKS
or
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 22, 1965
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, the
San Francisco News Call-Bulletin of
June 10, 1965, carried an interesting story
by Guy Wright of Capt. James D.
Strachan, who, I am proud to say, is a
valued constituent serving his country
with honor in Vietnam. This is a moving
account of Captain Strachan's experi-
ences and talents, and in these days of
teach-ins I particularly commend it to
my colleagues:
OUR GUY IN VIETNAM--THE UGLY-WAR
AMERICAN OF GOOD WILL
(By Guy Wright)
QUANG NGAI.-At dusk Capt. James D.
Strachan and I left by helicopter to bring
back the bodies.
Jim took along his rope.
"I'll loop it around a leg and drag them
first," he said, "in case they've been booby-
'trapped."
An infinite sadness came over his young
face. "I had to do the same thing when I
brought back O'Sullivan," he added.
Bringing back bodies isn't his real job.
He's an infantry adviser and one of the
best. He brings back bodies because they
ask him and someone has to do it, but I
wished they'd ask someone else to bring back
these particular bodies.
They were Vietnamese and he would take
it harder than most Americans because to
him the Vietnamese are very real people.
Captain Strachan speaks Vietnamese.
How he happened to learn it is interesting
and offers an insight into the man.
Only 26, Jim Strachan has been a captain
for 2 years. He gives Chicago as his home-
town but he's a professional soldier, a West
Pointer, and his real home is, the Army..
He has lived in many places.
In Thailand, one day, he stopped to help
a child who had been hit by a bus. The
next morning a. Buddhist monk in saffron
robes appeared at the American compound
and sought him out.
"He said he'd seen what I did and wanted
to repay me by teaching me Thai," Jim ex-
plained. "He drilled me like a Prussian drill-
master. Before long I was speaking pretty
good Thai."
With that basis of a kindred language,
Jim took a spare-time course in Vietnamese
and later underwent intensive training at
the Monterey Language School.
"So I had a little headstart when I came
here," he said.
The truth is that he speaks fluent Viet-
namese. More than that, he has an instinc-
tive compassion and understanding for these
people.
Other Americans lump them all together
as good or bad. Jim Strachan never does
that. He sees them as individuals and even
the individuals as men with both strengths
and weaknesses.
When everyone was down on a dai uy
(captain) who had blundered, Jim said
quietly, "He's done a good job but this time
he made a mistake."
His face was sad when he said it. In fact
he looks sad most of the time. I think he
sees things other men miss.
I wanted to ask him about that but I
didn't because he isn't a person who tells
you his life story the first time he meets
you.
I wish more American advisers could-speak
Vietnamese. From watching Jim work I'm
convinced it would help immeasurably.
Another adviser was having differences
with his Vietnamese counterpart in planning
a patrol, It turned into a pidgin English
row.
Jim went over and talked with the Viet-
namese officer in his own language and soon
things were straightened out.
Another time two Vietnamese soldiers
started taking down our shade tent in the
middle of an operation, leaving us in the
broiling sun., They were about to get lynched
until Jim intervened.
He learned that the tent had been bor-
rowed from the Vietnamese after a helicopter
blew down our own. Now they needed it
back. But as a favor to Jim, they agreed to
put ours up for us again.
In the course of the day he comforted a
widow who came to watch a plane take her
husband away in his coffin.
He handled the intelligence debriefing of
a Vietnamese pilot, helped a stranded Viet-
namese photographer, and did many other
things, all the while performing his regular
work.
Now, at dusk, a Vietnamese major had
learned that two of his soldiers lay dead on
a river bank. Naturally, he brought his
problem to Captain Strachan.
Going for bodies at dusk is risky busi-
ness. The Vietcong use the dead as decoys
for ambushes. But Jim couldn't refuse this
man because they spoke the same language,
in more ways than one.
So he coiledhis rope and the 'copter took
oil. We swooped over the sandy river bank
where the bodies were supposed to be, then
upstream and down.
We made several passes but they clearly
weren't there.
"Fishing boats were working along here
today," Jim said. "A fisherman must have
found them."
I'm ashamed of myself, but I was glad that
we didn't find the bodies. I'd seen and
smelled enough death for one day.
Jim gave the pilot the go home sign with
his thumb and the 'copter wheeled toward
its pad.
Once again Jim's knowledge of the lan-
guage proved valuable. If some other Amer-
ican had returned without the bodies, the
Vietnamese major would have suspected he
didn't really look.
But when Jim said they weren't there the
man accepted his word.
His mission finished, the young captain
dropped the coiled rope- with utter distaste.
"Let's go to dinner," he said and smiled.
But even his smile was sad.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 22, 1965
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr, Speaker, in
my remarks I include an editorial ap-
pearing in the June 10, 1965, issue of the
Catholic Standard of Washington, D.C.,
entitled "National Course," highly com-
mending the leadership and courage of
President Johnson in the field of foreign
affairs.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Catholic
Standard, June 10, 19651
NATIONAL COURSE
The recent speeches of the President on
our foreign policy should have a beneficial
and cumulative effect on all, especially our
critics at home. He has been spelling out,
repeatedly, the precise purpose of our actions
in a manner that cannot fail eventually to
convince the world.
The President's speech at Catholic Uni-
versity appropriately emphasized our moral
commitment to mankind, "For America's
only interests in the world today are those
we regard as inseparable from our moral
duties to mankind. This is the truth, the
abiding truth about America. Yet all
through this century, men in other lands
have-for reasons of their own-elected to
discount moral duty as the motivation that
moves America."
The actions of the United States in Viet-
nam and in Santo Domingo give substance
to the words of the President. Despite the
caterwauling against our action in those
countries by some critics, the events have
dramatically demonstrated that such action
was indispensable.
The critics of our continuing action in
South Vietnam, especially the intellectuals,
become tonguetied about the constant atroc-
ities of the Vietcong; the murder of 700
civilians in 4 months of this year, the kidnap-
ing of more than 3,000 civilians, of whom
about 300 were Government officials, as well
as the massive invasion of the whole country
by the Vietcong forces. In the other dis-
turbed area, Santo Domingo, and our Armed
Forces are being withdrawn as Latin Ameri-
can forces are sent in-which proves the con-
tinuing need for peacekeeping forces.
Fortunately, the President has indicated
that he willnot be deterred from following
the course he has charted. In stating his
goal, he used the words of Pope John XXIII,
"There is an immense task incumbent on all
men of good will, namely, the task of restor-
ing the relations of the human family in
truth, in justice, in love, and in freedom."
JUSTICE IN LOUISIANA
The cause of justice in the South, par-
ticularly in Louisiana, is once again on trial.
The occasion for the trial is the murder of a
Negro deputy sheriff of Bogalusa. Evidence
indicates that the murder may have been a
carefully planned ambush. It is time that
the South show by a fair trial that a spirit
of justice exists.
This latest murder and other murders con-
nected with integration highlight the obliga-
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been doing a wonderful job educating the rights, without, any intention of weakening he College Teach-in On Vietna
youth of our town for a lone time. what we -d-+-,A t
b
l
f
o
e f
mWCacy-a
ree
"An opportunity for religious education is people living together, respecting one an-
sponsors a religious training plan. Our citi- their rights and freedoms, respecting our
zen recognlze dependence on God and we sacred national heritage and trying to achieve
iiketo wors4ip God. Witness the variety of a unity that stands in sharp contrast to a
churches ano a synogogue here. They testify uniformity. _
to au fundaxi~ental Am@r ce,n right of each of "Clinton High has given to you a planned
lit to worshi ' in freedom. The released time schedule to suoceed in life. The courses
hour for re4igious training enjoyed by the taught, some difficult, some easy according
public school children each week educates to your individual preferences and talents
each, generation of youth to a better knowl- have developed in you the spirit of self reli-
eclge and dependence on our Creator and I
know our coIXuuunity is better because of this
part of 'our education to complete our forma-
tion for .citizenship. The approach to edu-
cation in our town is good and healthy and
it bssproven to be a source of tremendous
and unusual's#rength and vigor. Of course,
I dop't think Clinton Is a Phangri-la as the
expression goes but it is a wonderful town
where people can come' and build a life that
balances the common good in a happy
harmony:
!'I like our town and the longer I live here
the more I realize why thousands of other
people, natives, and others not born here,
like the community and ever speak well of
it. Somehow, I feel it is rather typical of
American towns, large or small. Indeed it is
?a typical American town.
"Because I think it is good I am happy to
take this opportunity granted to me by the
kindness of the Clinton High School officials,
to tell you-the 1965 graduates of this high
school-what I have found here.
"This is America. Every culture, every
-race, every interest, every background, thriv-
Ing in a free world, contributing to the com-
mon:good, producing a way of life and a
strength which is completely different than
the world has ever known. -We do not sur-
vive by denying what we believe or what we
hope for or what we aspire to; we do not
survive. by asking others to surrender their
differences. Americans, are, dedicated to the
principle of diversity and unity. We cannot
demand, we must not demand, that everyone
be tlie. same, think the seine way, believe the
same things,. accept the same ideas.
`.'Rather, within the,boulitiful freedom of
these shores, with, clear, recognition of our
Rbligations,, we must ,conttnueto develop a
,tlrllty which allows and encourages differ-
ences; and. drgws from all., the best for. the
comrngn good. America then is,a masaic_with
meaning. It is people joined together, in a
co on cause without surrendering person-
al 4ie~sires, ambitions and goals, national or
religious differences.
Our present educational ?system has
emerged from the unique form of govern-
ment which our fore~atllers ,fashioned. On
the 'lxasis of this was, built a Nation, con-
ceived in liberty I. dedicated to the idea
that . all nien.were created equal. They
pledged liberty and justice for all. Our edu-
Catlon 'is an eltpression of this and we should
treasure this gift.
`.`And this I believe is America. I venture
to say that we see America at Its very best
where we find a society progressive, competi-
tive, free and dynamic. Our founding fath-
ers, our teachers, our clergymen, our civic
leaders, with our parents have tried to form
such a community.
' if you by now have received the impression
that I think our town is a perfect community,
then you have received the wrong impression.
However, it is a good American community.
Here people are living together and working
together and achieving a sort of unity which
yields strength and vigor. We are trying to
recognize the differences that are so essential
in American life., We are all trying to do
qur. bpst,tu,.xualle our little piece of America
eyerything it should be without tramping on
anyone, without denying anyone his basic
ante and, aFCQmplishment. You have mas-
tered the igsspns, given or you Would not be
here today.
"Your family life also aided in your educa-
tion. The living examples of your parents,
hard working, industrious, have affected your
actions, your speech and your dress. In fact,
your whole character, inwardly and out-
wardly, is but a mirror of your family life.
Never forget it and be ever grateful to those
loved ones, _ be they parents or guardians, or
grown up sisters and brothers, who were kind
and good to you.
"You live 1.11 a free society where obedience
to law is liberty, but that obedience has not
been difficult or constricting. Freedom to
play, to work, to pray, to dream, to plan for
a future is part of our educational back-
ground. Today, as never before, must we re-
member that freedom and we should ever
thank God that our childhood is not a bitter
memory of oppression, slaver labor, spying
on one another and the regimentation of
mind as well as of body.
"I mention these things to you because I
wish you to recall where you go out into
tomorrow that you have been given every
help, religious, educational and material to
follow whatever path in life God will open to
your choice. Strength of soul, strength of
mind, and strength of body, are yours. Use
them wisely and well.
"I read an interesting story recently. It
read somewhat as follows :
"'When I was young I wanted everything
and all at once, until a clergyman explained
things this way. One night he had a dream.
There was a new store in the community he
lived in. He went in and saw an angel
behind the counter. "What does your store
sell?" "Everything your heart desires," the
angel answered, Then I want "peace on
earth, an end to sorrow, famine, and disease,"
cried out the clergyman. "Just a moment,"
smiled the angel. "You have not quite
understood * * * we don't sell fruits here
only seeds." '
"With loving care the church, the school,
and the home, has planted the seeds for your
heart's desires. Nourish them with constant
faith in God, trust in them to produce the
career In life you will follow and rely on
them to make you worthy of the proud
heritage of family love given to each of you.
"All these things have been given to you
in our town in 1965, graduates of Clinton
High. I think it is therefore a thoroughly
American town, I think it is truly an Ameri-
can way of life. I hope that in 2065 our town
will still exist and it will be a free, strong,
vigorous, dynamic community. I think it
will be free if there are still the same oppor-
tunities for youth, for this will ever be a
dramatic symbol of a free people, exercising
free choice, educating children in a spirit of
freedom and forming a free society.
"And all this will be possible if you remem-
ber with gratitude the lessons taught here
and if In your life to come you put into prac- What depresses our servicemen most in
tice the gifts of knowledge, of example, and Vietnam is the scuttle-and-run movements
of faith your parents, your teachers, and led by our intellectual communities here at
your friends gave to you. home. The real danger America faces is not
"May God who holds us in the palm of in southeast Asia, but in our own centers of
His hand guide and keep you is my prayer learning. They have blissfully abandoned
for you always." the basic principles of Christianity on which
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HON. THOMAS M. PELLY
OF WASHINGTON
IN. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 22, 1965
Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, recently,
an article by Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J., di-
rector of forensics, Gongaza University,
was mailed to me by one of my friends.
It deals with the war in Vietnam and
with statements of members of our so-
called intellectual communities which
no doubt are very useful to propagandists
in Hanoi and Peiping,
I am sure my colleagues will find this
short article interesting and, therefore,
I have obtained leave to have it printed
herewith in the Appendix of the RECORD:
More than 50 of the Nation's colleges have
been playing a rather deadly role in regard
to Vietnam. We can expect more activity
from them now that we are winning. As
long as we were losing they did not seem to
mind. There were no demonstrations dur-
ing all the years that North Vietnam was
succeeding in its savage efforts to conquer
the South. There were no campus protests
or student marches when our Embassy was
bombed and 121 civilians were injured, or
when American families were grenaded in
their apartments. The colleges protested
only when we arrested the impending defeat
by carrying the war to the North.
My first experience with the leftwing re-
action to our escalation of the war was not
long in coming. Some non-Catholic stu-
dents phoned from Berkeley that the left
were staging mass protest demonstrations
against the action we were finally taking
against North Vietnam. They wanted to
know if I would debate "anyone the left-
wing could put up." I agreed, and soon
found myself on the Berkeley campus, 900
miles away. My opponent turned out to be
Professor Scott, a doctor of political science.
Hundreds of students stood for I V2 hours
on the campus plaza to hear the debate.
The professor argued that the war in Viet-
nam was entirely indigenous to the South.
He said that Diem had been "dug up out of a
monastery," that the United States was the
aggressor, and that we should get out. A
question period followed, and the students
bought 800 copies of the booklet I had writ-
ten on Vietnam. A resolution calling for
our withdrawal from Vietnam was intro-
duced into the student council a few weeks
later. A Jewish student named Danny Ros-
enthal wrote to let me know that they had
been able to use the arguments in the
pamphlet effectively, and that the resolution
was defeated. He reported that the council
vote was "9 to 9. Whew."
Later in the spring I debated professors at
San Francisco State College and elsewhere.
The arguments I encountered invariably
undermined the U.S. position, but never
criticized the Communists. The reasons
given were similar to those I heard when I
debated at Eastern Washington State College
in May, the difference being that I was de-
bating there against James Jackson, the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3265
well, then-even in atomic attack--millions
of Massachusetts people will be alive after-
wards.
Huge geographical areas of our State could
escape almost without a scratch. A badly
shattered industrial system could be put
back Into business. Adequate preparedness
can blunt the blow and hasten recovery.
That's our job. Yours and mine.
On the other hand, one of the most dis-
turbing aspects of the situation is that the
spectre of atomic debacle appears so stupen-
dous that the public too often shrinks from
facing the awful truth. So do some-of our
fellow businessmen.
Others assume that the consequences are
so terrible that no ruler will press the button.
That's living in a fool's paradise. They for-
get recent unbelievable events. A few years
back no one could imagine a beloved Presi-
dent shot down in cold blood. But he was.
No one could dream that In modern civiliza-
tion anyone would doom millions of helpless
prisoners to murder ovens. Yet Hitler did.
Others assume that once calamity is on
the wing nothing can be done for escape or
recovery. Their senses are dulled into fatal-
istic attitude of absolutely unenecessary
hopelessness-and they do nothing.
I warn you: The most deadly gesture of
our atom-haunted times is not the shudder
of fear but the shrug of indifference.
History is filled with tragedies caused by
indifference and ignorance and unbelief and
neglect. These gaps resulted in dearth of
safeguards and lack of preparedness. All of
these disasters might have been prevented by
adequate foresight and resolute forearming.
Because proper safety measures were not
taken, 1,500 were drowned on the Titanic
and close to 500 were burned to death in
Boston's Cocoanut Grove fire.
Along the American frontier, Indians mas-
sacred settlers who neglected to build and
man blockhouses. The Dutch, Danes, and
Norwegians escaped World War I. There-
after they lived in false hope that they would
be forever free. They ignored building ade-
quate defenses. Then Hitler struck "like a
thief in the, night"-slaughtering those
unready neutrals.
Failure to recognize danger brought dis-
aster. But almost every catastrophe can be
diverted or lessened by adequate prepared-
ness-and so can nuclear attack. I repeat,
so can nuclear attack.
Your State government must try to orga-
nize for any emergency. With your help we
shall. We must plan as best we can even
though we cannot foresee the future with
pinpoint accuracy. Every war is different
from the last. Each had unique surprises
that military intelligence failed to discover.
Unexpectedly the Kaiser's huge guns
quickly pulverized the stout Belgian forts.
Nazi V--2 rockets penetrated Britain's defense
system,. The "day of infamy" struck Pearl
Harbor.
Yes, task groups and civil defense person-
nel plan for postnuclear attack. But all of
us associated with government must be ready
for any other sneak punch. We must be on
our toes for any gigantic force of nature on
the rampage.
Who knows? Maybeaccident or sabotage
will trigger explosion. Maybe death-dealing
missiles will reach their targets through
outer space. Maybe eventually the bomb
and its far-reaching fallout might be un-
leashed-not by Moscow but by Peiping.
Maybe that bomb might be delivered by a
Red Chinese ship off Boston Harbor.
Maybe terrible tornado, flood, earthquake,
drought, fire, explosion, or other peacetime
disaster might hit our State a staggering
blow.
We must not be caught napping. We
must prepare for all contingencies. We are
trying to do that now at the State level-
through all sorts of group studies, disaster
drills, and realistic demonstrations at our
Civil Defense Agency headquarters in Fram-
ingham and our training academy in Tops-
field. Other State agencies also are coop-
erating in emergency preparedness.
Your conference today on the -manage-
ment of resources is a very important part
of that continuous alert. For it will further
develop advice which you will give me on
plans to regulate in war emergency the dis-
tribution and use of Massachusetts resources.
Without such-confusion and chaos. With
such---rescue and recovery.
In conclusion, let me hold up to you this
ideal, expressed by the late Prof. Alfred
North Whitehead of Harvard University.
"A great society," declared this famous
teacher, "is a society in which its men of
business think greatly of their functions."
Members of the task groups, that descrip-
tion fits you.
There is no greater business function today
than to save Massachusetts from nuclear
doom. There is no finer business, Service
than to strengthen peace by increasing eco-
nomic might.
For your leadership in these grand mis-
sions and In behalf of a grateful Common-
wealth, I proudly award your commissions.
Fine Address by Monsignor John J.
Gannon
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 16, 1965
Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to revise and extend
my remarks in the RECORD and include
therein an article from the Clinton Daily
Item setting forth a brilliant address at
the recent high school baccalaureate ex-
ercises of the distinguished spiritual
leader and Pastor of St. John's Church,
Clinton, Mass., the Right Reverend Mon-
signor John J. Gannon, P.A., V.G.
I think this address by Monsignor
Gannon is one of the very best of its
kind I have ever read.
It is on a lofty, spiritual plane, and yet
it is down to earth, eloquent, brilliantly
conceived, and inspirational to a very
rare degree.
The great talents of Monsignor Gan-
non, and his deep understanding of peo-
ple-. and his sensitive response to human
problems and needs, as well as his
friendliness, neighborliness, and good
works have won for him the high esteem
and deep affection, respect, and admira-
tion of the Clinton community and of
everyone who knows of him in every part
of our State and Nation.
This is a fine address that I can com-
mend to all:
(From the Clinton Item, June 7, 1965]
MONSIGNOR GANNON IS SPEAKER AT CHS
BACCALAUREATE
The Right Reverend Monsignor John F.
Gannon, P.A.V.G., pastor of St. John's
Church, spoke of Clinton, its history, the
dedication of its founders and their con-
tribution to the United States as he addressed
the 185 graduates of Clinton High School
yesterday afternoon.
The occasion marked the annual bacealau-
reat exercises opening the commencement
week activities.
The program was held at 3 at the school
auditorium.
The students attired in their caps and
gowns and led by the class officers marched
into the hall for the traditional program.
The musical program in conjunction with
the event was directed by Charles H. Young,
music supervisor. Miss Merino Healey and
James P. Pender, members of the class. were
soloists.
The text of Monsignor Gannon's address
follows:
"I like our town. :I think it is a beautiful
town. It nestles in a valley outlined by a
big data, built by men, to supply a precious
commodity, water, to a great city, Boston,
the largest city in our State, where the cap-
itol of Massachusetts is located.
"There is a lot of history in our town. It is
a small America because the founders of our
town and all who took up residence here con-
tributed in many ways to make the United
States the great country that is today, a
model for the whole world. In industry first
the carpet mills and. today our electronics,
bookbinding, furniture, wire, plastics, and
other industries make industrial America
aware of Clinton. In statesmanship our town
has in the past and continues today to con-
tribute respected citizens to leadership in
State government, congressional government,
and, indeed, one of our native sons became a
Governor of this State and later served with
distinction for many years in the Senate of
the United States. The fields of education,
of medicine, and of religion and science and
law have been and are graced today by citi-
zens of our town who contributed much to
the common good of these professions. I
could continue to mention those who left
our town to make America great in the vari-
ous professions and callings, and vocations,
our country offers, but time will not per-
mit me.
"But I like my town most of all because of
the people who live here. A town is not
rivers, roads, bridges, dams, and buildings,
a town is people and I suppose I am preju-
diced but I think people are just wonderful.
They are good people and they have worked
hard to make our community a wonderful
place to live. They work together on all
sorts of projects of common concern. We
have our differences, of course, but we man-
age to settle them in a friendly fashion be-
cause we are always able to sit down and
talk out our problems. We have the old-
fashioned town government here. We do
not always agree but we manage to arrive
at some answer that is generally accepted in
the common interest.
"Our town is very cosmopolitan. People
who come from different parts of the world
live here. These good people dame to our
town and established their homes. Many of
them settled In a particular section of the
town in the early days. One could make a
map identifying, section by section, the
people by their custom and their language.
But great as were these differences, and they
still exist, these people learned to live to-
gether, to respect one another and to help
one another. They formed a good town and
I am proud that it is my town.
"I like my town because I think it has done
and is doing a fine job for children. There
are parks, playgrounds and various youth
programs sponsored by the community and
by the churches. There are problems of
course but all in all the children are rather
good. There is a fine school program here.
Public and parochial schools educate our
children.
"At the elementary level about half the
children attend parochial schools. If the
parents wish they may send their children
to one of the religious or nonreligious pri-
vate schools or they may send their child
to a public or parochial school. One finds
here all good schools and I think they have
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June 22, 1 bps CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
A2,267
our cgtll}try,was founded, and without which Commissioner George H. Hearn Ad- minimum, or maximum and minimum rates
our democracy cannot survive. FBI Director and fares. In our foreign commerce our
Hoover has warned that the Communists are dresses the Group Travel Executives rate authority stems from the Shipping Act
striving to initiate other marches and dem- Association Regarding the Expansion of 1916, and is substantially less than that
onstrations "to keep their campaign of fear
granted to us by the Intercoastal Shipping
and terror rolling" But Hoover is old hat of Ocean Travel Act,
to the pseuointellectuais. They consider By reason of an amendment to the Ship-
him passe. Colleges used to be our main
EXTENSION OF REMARKS ping Act, passed in 1961, the Commission
source ns patriotic leadership, but if the _ has authority to disapprove, after hearing,
teach-ins are any indication, they are mainly of any rate or charge observed by a common
a source for saboteurs. The newspapers in HON. HUGH L. CAREY carrier in our foreign trades which is so un-
Hanoi and Peiping are full of reports about reasonably high or low as to be detrimental
the dissention in this country over Vietnam, Of NEW YORK to, the commerce of the United States. The
and nothing is giving so much solace to our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thrust of the 1916 act, as I see it, is con-
enemy as the remarks of our professors. tained in section 15, whereby persons sub-
When I spoke at the University of Oregon, Thursday, June 10, 1965 ject to our jurisdiction can band together
for example, I heard the . following argu- Mr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, earlier and set rates and conditions of carriage in
ments, Said Professor Ball: Our, position this month Federal Maritime Commis- concert, provided such schemes have the
in Vietnam is hypocritical. We are moving prior approval of the Commission. Ap-
in the same direction Hitler did." Declared stoner George H. Hearn delivered a very proval under that section renders such agree-
Professor Aberle: "I am_against domination timely address before the Group Travel ments immune from the provisions of the
of any country and I am opposed to capitalist Executives Association in New York. antitrust laws. A weighty responsibility is
imperialism, which is the worst." Stated Although the Commission's interests thus cast upon the Commission by this sec-
Professor Edwards: "Our foreign policy is are involved primarily in cargo opera- tion. In my view, this exception to our na-
absolute self-delusion." Said Professor tions, the views of Commissioner Hearn tional antitrust policy is warranted only
Goulding, who had come from the University will be of such interest to everyone con- where the grant contributes to the public
of Michigan to lend his scholarly support: interest of the United States. Consequently,
"The. United States is a bandit, , We have no carted with ocean travel and passenger we at the Commission must maintain con-
legitimacy. Red China is much less com- service that I insert the full text of his timing surveillance over approved agree-
mittesi to conquering the world than we are. remarks below; ments to insure that their continued opera-
The.monolithc concept of communism as .a REMARKS OF GEORGE H. HEARN OF THE FED- tion is not inimical to our public interest or
world force is a paranoiac concept of the SAL MARITIME COMMISSION BEFORE THE detrimental to our commerce.
John Birch Society." GROUP TRAVEL ExECUTIvus AssocIATiox, AT In addition to the common carriers by
At the teach-in in Washington, D.C., the NEW YORK CITY ON JUNE 3, 1965 water, under the Shipping Act we have reg-
University of, Chicago's Hans Morgenthau Gentlemen, I was pleased to receive your ulatory responsibility over freight forward-
made a slashing attack on U.S. policy. His kind invitation to join you here today. At ere and terminal operators who offer their
*fix." Briarcliff ion was ff 's a Professor "Let et Ito Chi Minh the outset I should explain that I appear services in connection with common carriers
"terror or on our aide accounts Its Tor all said that that here as a member of the Federal Maritime by water.
Commission, that our mandate from the I hope that my previous remarks have
Arthur' Schlesinger, Sreed Vietnam." Even en se Congress is encompassed in the Shipping given you some broad insight into the Com-
defend who was supposed ed to to be Acts, and that our business is peculiarly mission and its responsibilities. I know, of
defending the administration's position, said course, that
that we should never have gone to the aid cargo oriented rather than passenger you are more concerned with
of Vietnam, indicating that we do not even " weighted. Although the thrust of our en- passenger travel and particularly with the
know what freedom is, With Schlesinger on ergy and expertise involves cargo operations authority of the Commission as regards pas-
our side, we really did not need anyone primarily, I must say that we are not with- senger travel. So, to that end, I would now
against us. out concern or responsibility in the pas- like to address myself. Until 1959, when the
My experience in debating against left- senger field. old Federal Maritime Board instituted
wing professors has taught me that they are First, I think I should explain the nature docket No. 873, an "Investigation of Passen-
impossible to convince, but are easy to re- of the Commission, its composition, and its ger Steamship Conferences Regarding Travel
fute. bon Clark, a junior at the'University work. I will then attempt to explain our Agents," strange as it may seem, only one
of Oregon, recently refuted them very well passenger undertakings and to comment, as case concerning passengers was reported by
in a letter that appeared in the student an American citizen, upon the present pos- our predecessor agencies: Passenger Classifi-
newspaper on May ture of cruise operations in this country' cations and Fares, American Line Steamship
PROFESSORS y : Why is it, gentlemen, that in The Federal Maritime Commission was es- Corp., and was in 1934. Oddly that case in-
class many of you repeatedly emphasize that tablished in 1961 pursuant to reorganization vo:ved domestic or intercoastal fares. I say
truth is wholly relative, that ethical values plan No. 7 of that year. We inherited from oddly because only an infinitesimal share
have no inherent worth, that'the concept of the old Federal Maritime Board the regula- of ocean passenger travel involves our do-
right and wrong is a prescientific myth, yet tort' functions set out in the Shipping Act of mestic trades. Apart from its historical in-
terest, however, that particular case offers
now yotti vigorously denounce the 'ammo- 1916 and in the Intercoastal Shipping Act of no meaningful
rality' of America's commitment in Viet- 1933. The promotional responsibilities of precedent in today's world.
tam. the old Federal MarItUne Board But in 1959 the old Board took a broad look
`
t a .W.hich cop- at international passenger travel in the afore-
"Especially you gentlemen of the political cefts'the development and maintenance of mentioned proceeding.
science department who continually stress a strong American merchant marine, now I need not remind you gentlemen that the
that there is no scientific basis. for an `ought reside in the Maritime Administration which lion's share of Intercontinental asset er
to' argument, how can you now affirm that is an entity within the Department of Com- P g
merce. The Federal Maritime Commission, and cruise business emanates from New York.
we `Ought to' withdraw from southeast Asia? Nor need I comment, as a private citizen, that
Why this sudden preoccupation with ethical 'as an independent regulatory agency, is not at all connected with either the Maritime
mately meaningless for an overwhelming amount of this business
abstractions. If moral ndividu are ulti- Administration or the Department of Com- leaves our shores on vessels which do not fly
why should they restrictindividu the American flag. and consequentl
wtnationaal at af- merce, Under the 1933 act, our Commission y, which
Or is there, after all, a our al conduct,
fairs? exercises rather extensive regulatory au- do not employ American citizen seamen. But
higher Truth I will revert to this later.
to which both men and nations Should sub- thorny over common carriers by water ply-
mit? If so, why aren't we informed about ing our offshore domestic trades, primarily In any event, our 1959 investigation, which
it in class (or has the Supreme Court ruled between the continental United States on was extremely thorough, inspected our pas-
against that too),? the one hand and Puerto Rico, Alaska, "Ha- senger business through an examination of
"Suddenly our professors have become wait, and Guam on the other hand. Our the Trans-Atlantic Passenger Steamship Con-
moral prophets, calling the Johnson adman- authority is not unlike that exercised by ference and the Atlantic Passenger Steamship
istration to repentance and damning all who the Interstate Commerce Commission over Conference, both approved agreements under
oppose them with hell, fire, and nuclear hot- common carriers here in the United States, section 15 of the Shipping Act, to determine
AeausaXly now, which h one is the phony: with one notable exception: the Federal whether they deserved the privilege of con-
ocaus . morality the Is prof t es ph who Maritime Commission does not issue certi- tinuing their concerted operations, immune
does concept
not believe morality the
and yet appeals ficates of convenience and necessity. Any from the antitrust laws, particularly in light
doetos io believe t In morality apublic lity and yet sympathy and American citizen is at liberty to enter or of their dealings with American travel agents.
support? leave our domestic trades at will. As to the Our decision in that case was rendered only
level of rates and fares charged in our do- in February 1964, and I should note that part
"Ox maybe this is just one more example mestic trades, however, the Commission has of our decision has been challenged by the
of the utter bankruptcy of modern liberal- authority to investigate the reasonableness carriers, and the matter is still pending before
ism. perhaps, as Whittaker Chambers be- of the rates and fares and upon a finding the courts.
lieved, the liberal professor has no answers that such rates and fares are unjust or un- The chief accomplishments of that deci-
for the diseases of our age, but is himself reasonable, it has the authority to prescribe sion, I believe, (1) prevents the passenger
a symptom of its sickness." and order enforced reasonable maximum or conferences from prohibiting freight for-
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 A3268 Approved CONGRESSFor RECORD -RL~ P~7$6R000300180~?e6 22, 1965
warders acting as travel agents, (2) discon- NCWC Aid Backs Repeal of Right-To- of funds, and racketeering," he acknowledged
tinues an impediment placed on travel agents, that this claim has "a basis in fact."
by the conferences, against the selling of Work Law "But the remedy for abuses within a union
transportation by nonconference lines, the is not a measure which weakens a union in
so-called-"tieing rule," and (3) in the "una- EXTENSION OF REMARKS its legitimate functions. * * * When a useful
nimity rule" by which, among other things, and proper form of activity is occasionally
of abused, the remedy is to attack the abuse
pan increase in agents commissions could c be directly, and not abolish the activity itself,"
ference, ed whether any or one not our member trade the con- ever HON. JOHN D. DINGELL he said.
servedd by that member line. I fervently be- OF MICHIGAN
lieve that our decision in this case should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES F
unshackle travel agents to the extent that Tuesday, June 15, 1965 The Fallacies of the Opponents of Our
they can substantially encourage sea travel. Vietnam Policy
Ocean cruise business, as you most certainly Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursu-
know, is ever on the increase. As our citizens ant to permission granted, I insert into
become more and more affluent, cruises of the Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL EXTENSION OF REMARKS
varying durations and costs become more and RECORD an excellent article appearing in of
more
represent the Michigan Catholic on June 10, 1965,
ent a wholesome, the whsle, refreshing g and rather er
e HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
economical vacation. Last summer, however, wherein Msgr. George G. Higgins, testi- NEW YORK
over 300 American cruise passengerswere bit- fying before the House Education and or
terly disappointed when the Riviera Prima Labor Committee, opposed the so-called IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
departed our shores prematurely, frustrating right-to-work laws: Tuesday, June 22, 1965
the entire cruise, preempting these -people NCWC AID BAcxs REPEAL OF RIGHT-
of their vacations, and, as a coup de,grace, To-WORK LAW Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I com-
leaving them without meaningful resource to WASHINGTON.-The director of the Na- mend to the attention of our colleagues
recover their fares. Gentlemen, cruise travel, tional Catholic Welfare Conference's Social the following column from the New York
then croasig et, threshold into a mostsb Action Department has endorsed the admin- Herald Tribune of June 21, 1965, by the
back ial market, was there given a know, h has istration's proposal to repeal the Taft- distinguished journalist, Roscoe Drum-
been eye. A consequence, as you know, Hartley Act's right-to-work section. mond, on the fallacious reasoning of the
cruises. Congress
, instances rep- while e Msgr. George G. Higgins, testifying June opponents of this administration's pol-
been the b ills to regulate unfortunate to in this
it that the . Now, 3 before the House Education and Labor
it Is s true in southeast Asia:
resented by the Riviera Prima fiasco are few Committee, said so-called right-to-work laws THE CRITICS--JOHNSON'S VIET POLICY AND
and far between, the disappointment and loss are politically, socially, economically and OPPONENTS' FALLACIES
to the particular cruise passengers on that ethically unsound.
occasion was nevertheless said in his testimony, "I am speaking (By Roscoe Drummond)
very
and I busi- in the name of the social action department WASHINGTON.--YOU come back to Wash-
fear, in light of f the burgeoning ng cruise real,
ness and especially its potential, symptomatic and not in the name of the administrative ington after a reporting trip abroad, and
of further Ills which could befall It a Amer- board of the National Catholic Welfare Con- what do you find?
scan traveling public. ference or in the name of the body of Amer- You find President Johnson being criti-
Further, and again as a private citizen ican bishops." cized on the political right for not carrying
rather than as an official of the Federal Monsignor Higgins said right-to-work the war far enough and fast enough into
Maritime Commission, I take unhappy note laws "do not provide jobs for workers, they North Vietnam.
of the fact that our cruise business is drift- merely prevent workers from building strong You find the President being criticized on
ing more and more to foreign flag vessels. and stable unions." the political left for not getting out of the
You know, our cabotage laws, as they do in Right-to-work laws, barring labor-man- war entirely and leaving South Vietnam to
other countries, notably Great Britain, re- agement agreements making union member- its own devices.
strict to American registered vessels that ship a condition of employment, are author- You find, not surprisingly, that more
trade, including the transportation of pas- ized by section 14b of the Taft-Hartley Act Americans-according to the latest Gallup
sengers, which is wholly within the United of 1947. Nineteen States have such laws. poll--are supporting the administration in
States. I seriously wonder whether our Monsignor Higgins said the pressure of exactly whatit is doing, holding the course
cabota a laws should be extended, rather them "does not arise from workers seeking without any intention of giving up.
g their 'rights'." And this leaves LBJ right in the middle of
than ant marine, so as t reserve for our "Proponents of these measures are uni- the national consensus, where he is perfectly
merchant marine, and our rown c, i n 'fact, formly employers' organization and related willing to be.
doen tion a In cruise the vessels
foreign el which, rn , groups," he said. "Often such laws are part The nub of the Ballup poll is that, in the
on not engage In commerce, but
on the contrary have the same beginning and of a program by underdeveloped States seek- wake of this attack from two extremes, sup-
terminal point in the United States. This ing to attract industry by the lure of a port for quitting has gone up 1 percent and
matter, however, is beyond my particular docile and-low-paid labor force." support for holding the course has gone
expertise. Nevertheless, as a citizen, mind- He rejected the argument of States' rights up 7 percent.
ful of our national commitment to establish raised in support of these laws, saying there What is particularly striking to a returned
and maintain a strong merchant marine, I are "strong reasons why States should not reporter is the extent to which the American
believe that the question should ?be raised regulate labor matters where interstate com- critics of our defense of South Vietnam rest
and the issue carefully examined. merce is involved." their arguments on the same fallacies as do
the foreign critics whom I encountered in
In any event, gentlemen, while ocean travel "The greatness of our economy is attribu- Africa and ignore the same facts.
Is not growing at the rate air transport is, table in no small measure to the absence of If their premises are correct, then Presi-
to least as a means of movement from place trade harriers and the presence of uniform dents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson
to place, there is, however, an increase in conditions of commerce among the several either egregiously misread the facts or they
ocean travel and there will always be a de- States of the Union," he said. "Measures really are imperialists who should be re-
mand for it. And in addition to ocean pas- which would destroy this uniformity and jected by the American people. The prem-
senger travel from place to place, cruises erect barriers would be contrary to the gen- ises:
properly operated and realistically priced, eral welfare.-
offer the attempt to impose a Communist
offer a market of untold size and unex- Monsignor Higgins also denied that com- government in South Vietnam is a civil war.
plotted value. The large concentration of pulsory membership is "contrary to the That the Vietcong is a great idealistic
our population in the Northeast United American tradition of freedom," calling this movement, a sort of Indochinese version of
States represents a lucj'ative tomorrow for assertion a political slogan and dangerously the American Populist Party.
those who are willing to provide honest cruise false. That, even if neither of these premises is
services from our ports. Therefore, r urge "People who make this argument," he said, true, the South Vietnamese people do net
you to nurture this enterprise, to develop it "are claiming for workers a freedom which have the will to defend themselves and,
realistically, without gimmicks, but with the latter do not desire." He noted that in therefore, either cannot be or do not deserve
straightforward presentations, designated nearly 50,000 secret elections, workers had to be helped.
to meet the needs and understanding of your voted in favor of the union shop 97 per- These are the arguments which the neu-
potential market-honest working people cent of the time. tralists leaders abroad love to throw at you.
who desire simple diversions and who could As for the argument that compulsory Evidently they are about the same argu-
appreciate the grandeur and adventure of union membership conrtibutes to "abuses meats which dominate the critics' dialog at
our ocean vacations. of unionism, such as autocracy, dissipation home.
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'June 22, e NGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3269
What are the facts? '.going it alone" against world opinion; re- The reporter's gaze - swept. the deserted
Is a civil war
Is this truly in South Vi etnam? member, it's just not so. expanse of Stolich Ranch-one of four 500-
The answer is that a,majority (excepting its Keep in mind, too, that many of the 30- acre fields run by Salinas Strawberries, Inc.
one Communist member) of the Ipterna- odd nations giving aid and support to South The firm Is using all its available help,
tional Control Commission, set up by the Vietnam are Asian countries. domestic and foreign, on the other three
Geneva. Conference of 19,54, has rendered the There are millions of people in Asia who, adjoining strawberry ranches, the Hagaman,
independent ,judgment that the Vietcong are havin
g seen our fair treatment of Japan fol- the Old Stage, and the Esperanza. For lack
armed and led by Hanoi. lowing World War II and our granting of in- of workers it is letting 500 acres of ready-to-
Are the Vietcong "social reformers" who dependence to the Philippines, are well pick strawberries spoil at Stolich Ranch.
just want to create a better life for the South aware that we do not seek to dominate Asian "Not a berry has been touched on this
Vietnamese? Or are they hard-core aggres- affairs. spread," Mr. Lopez told the reporter after
sons intent upon imposing a totalitarian rule Those throughout the Americas who criti- first making a 3-mile circle around the field.
from North Vietnam?. The answer, in the cize our presence in the Dominican Republic "You work strawberries in a cycle," the
words of Prof. Arthur Schlesinger, certainly might recall that we helped Cuba gain her grower's agent explained. "You spray, weed,
no reactionary imperialist, is that "they are independence, then turned it over to the water, and pick, over and over in that cycle,
-very tough terrorists whose gains have come, Cuban people that they might run their own all season long, from April almost to No-
in the main, not from the hopes they have affairs; that for a century and a half. we vember. We just didn't have enough work-
inspired but from the fear they have created." kept the colonial powers of Europe out of are when we needed them. That was why
Are the. South Vietnamese jacking in the the Americas. we wrote this field off and concentrated on
wish and will tp ?resist? The answer is that Some of our own people would do well to the other three ranches."
the Vietcong have been constantly raiding consider the facts of history.
medical clinics, destroying agricultural eta- UNION CHARGES DECEIT
tions, and murdering schoolteachers, village Meanwhile, in Washington, George L. Meh-
chiefs, and others who risk their lives to ren, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, said:
give South Vietnam order and social service. "Weather conditions caused the crop to ma-
Since 1954 the Vietcong have killed or kid- Men Argue, Government Does Nothing, ture late and all at once, a condition. which
reaped 10,000 civilian o1lipials in South Viet- Crops Rot would strain even a perfect labor situation."
nam. On the basis of comparative popula- The California Labor Federation insists
tipns, this would be like having 130,000 Amer- strawberry growers in the Salinas. Valley are
loan officials killed or kidnaped at home dur- EXTENSION OF REMARKS .''deliberately deceiving" the public. Leaf-
ing a war. OF lets, sent out from the AFL-CIO Office in San
'In the face of all this, the South Viet- Francisco imply the growers may be "in col-
namese are resisting harder than ever. HON. BURT L. TALCOTT lusion" with banks and big allied farm in-
The only way the critics can make their of CALIFORNIA dustries.
case is to ignore the facts. Most Americans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . "Why don't the union people come out
are not Ignoring them. here and make those ridiculous charges?"
Vietnam Propaganda Lies
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL G. ROGERS .
'IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 3, 1965
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr.
Speaker, the Palm Beach Post recently
editorialized on, the propaganda we have
been hearing from Communist sources
regarding our role in southeast Asia,
and because the editorial clearly outlines
the fact that many nations are cooperat-
ing to defend freedom in this area, I ask
that it be printed here in the RECOIID :
[From the Palm Beach (Fla.) Post, May 29,
19651
PROPAGANDA LIES
A comparative handful of Americans
(small in number but large of mouth) has
been very active denouncing American as-
sistance to the South Vietnamese in their at-
tempt to keep communism out of their
country.
This noisy minority would have us believe
the United States is defying the world to aid
the South Vietnam people.
Actually, 30 different nations are aiding
the South Vietnamese in , their struggle
against Communist domination. To men-
tion only a few:
South Korea has 2,000 troops in South
Vietnam,
Australia is sending an infantry battalion.
The Philippines House of Representatives
has voted to send 2,000 troops.
Japan has a small unit on the scene.
And .many other nations, unable to send
combat troops, are offering aid and support
of various kinds.
So, when demonstrators, conscientious ob-
jectors, leftist faculty members or students,
or other critics of America's role in the cold
war complain that the United States Is
Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, "a Crag- Saunas Strawberries' field freezing plant.
edy-made in Washington" is aptly de- their sttatem ateme is entsunions never have to prove
."
scribed in an article by Harlan Trott,
which appeared in the June 17, 1965,
issue of Christian Science. Monitor.
There are several sides to, every story.
Some may be more accurate and honest
t13 t
an
h
CONTRACT GROUP DECLINES
The union contends growers are trying
to panic Washington into meeting their de-
mands for more foreign workers instead of
trying to recruit domestic workers. Mr. Pitts
o
ers, argues that there would be no shortage of
The Monitor has done another eX- domestic workers if the growers were willing
cellent reportorial job. I commend this to provide wages, housing, and working con-
article to my colleagues and others Who ditions comparable to benefits in other in-
are seeking facts. dustries.
The full text of the Monitor article California farms hired 271,000 domestic
follows The workers at the peak of last year's harvest,
MEN ARGUE, CROPS ROT and 64,400 foreign contract workers. Use of
braceros had been dropping every year since
(By Harlan Trott, staff correspondent of 1957. That year the farmers hired 94,100
Christian Science Monitor) foreign nationals, mostly Mexicans.
SALINAS, CALIF.-"A tragedy-made in Braceros worked chiefly on lettuce, straw-
Washington" is the way a farm spokesman berries, asparagus, tomatoes, lemons, and
describes the plight of California's straw- sugar beets. All the sugar used in Mr. Vu-
berry growers. kasovich's freezing plant comes from sugar
Hundred of acres of strawberries are wast- beets grown and processed in the valley.
ing in the Salinas Valley as growers, unions, The fields back up close to the tawny foot-
and Government men argue over the shortage hills where the ranchers run beef and dairy
of farmworkers. ..-' ,-
?'
AFL-CIO During the peak of the 1962 season, tomato
chief. "It's a hoax." growers hired 43,700 braceros. Strawberry
Governor Edmund G. Brown has told growers came next with 17,000. Asparagus
union leaders to "put up or shut up."
The Governor is convinced the growers are was third with 9,250.
in real trouble. He is begging Washington Washington blames the growers for this
to open farther the door Congress slammed year's strawberry losses. "The growers
on the braceros December 31, and to let in haven't tried all-out programs to recruit
enough Mexican crews to save this year's American farm workers," says Glenn E.
crop. Brockway, the Labor Department's regional
Labor Secretary W. Willard Wirtz toured administrator in San Francisco. "Straw-
the Salinas Valley in March. He announced berry growers in Monterey County merely
that growers were making out well enough persisted in their contention that their op-
with domestic farmworkers. Since then the erations are uniquely based on bracero
picture has grown critical. labor."
Mr. Wirtz named a fact-finding panel to AMERICAN WORKERS RISE
assess the farm crisis. Then, on April 26, Mr. Brockway says the big labor turnover
he approved the use of 2,500 Japanese and in Salinas strawberry work has been as-
Mexican nationals to help save the straw- cribed to everything except growers' failure
berry and asparagus crops. to provide decent housing, wages, supervi-
"Mr. Wirtz should see this field now," said sion, and working conditions,
Ben Lopez, director of the Growers Farm Has the virtual ban on braceros this sea-
Labor Association here. "Would you call son helped domestic workers?
this a hoax? Your're standing right where "Right now there are 5,100 more American
Mr. Wirtz stood in March when he said there farm workers in the valley than a year ago,"
were plently of domestic workers," said DeWitt Tannehill, business agent for
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 A3270
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX June 22, 1965
the AFL-CIO's Agricultural workers. Or-
ganizing Committee.
"The trouble is," interposed Floyd Quick,
"growers make it so rough on domestic
workers they are discouraged from coming
here." He and Mr. Tannehill are busy trying
to recruit new members for the AWOC in the
Growers are accused of driving away do-
mestic job seekers. 'How?
"For one thing," says Mr. Quick, "the
growers are too slow in processing job seek-
ers. They wear them out keeping them
standing around *waiting to be registered and
put to work in the'fields. One trick the
growers have is flooding a field so that work-
ers have to wait two, or three days for the
mud to dry before they can work it.
The union agent charged that the growers
flooded their fields at the start of a week-
end when 1,500 volunteer berry pickers
showed up from as far away as Los Angeles
and Phoenix. This was after the State labor
office sent ,out an urgent request for volun-
teers to help pick strawberries for Salinas
Strawberries, Inc.
Leaning across the desk in his air-cooled
office at the firm's freezer plant, Mr. Vuka-
sovich swept aside these charges. He says
the company has not turned away anybody
looking for work. He denies it is slow in
processing workers, denies that growers turn
their farms into quagmires to keep workers
away
"For a while I was getting calls every
morning from buyers in London, Frankfurt,
Oslo, Copenhagen.
PHONE ORDERS REJECTED
"These union people say the most irre-
sponsible things. Do you think we like to
tell those people on the telephone it's no
use calling us any more. Or that somehow it
suits us to see those 500 acres of straw-
berries rotting out there on the Stolich."
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 22, 1965
Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I wish to
insert into the RECORD the text of an ad-
dress I delivered at the commencement
exercises of the Regional Vocational
Technical School at Norwich, Conn., in
my district, on Monday, June 21, 1965.
The theme of my address was the role of
vocational education today and ways to
improve such education.
The address was as follows:
No ROOM AT THE BOTTOM
Mr. Rooke, Reverend clergy, members of
the graduating class, parents and friends,
thank you for the gracious reception you
have given me. I am delighted to be here
with you in Norwich again, and I am es-
pecially pleased to have been invited to at-
tend this graduation ceremony. As a one-
time member of the school board in Putnam,
as a parent, and as the Representative in
Congress from this area, I am deeply inter-
ested in education and in the educational
process generally. I believe with President
Johnson that education belongs at the head
of our national work agenda, that schooling
must be the No. 1 business of our country.
You young people have made it your busi-
ness over the past years. Your very pres-
ence at today's commencement testifies to
the success you have attained in that busi-
ness.
ged
strawberries, Now and then ared-w
TOTALS POINTED OV'r
Actually, the firm processed nearly all the blackbird dips in the rolling-green distance,
1,500 who came to pick strawberries on the accentuating the farm's forgotten, empty
peak weekend, Mr. Vukasovich says. He look.
tossed a sheaf of records that he submits to Chatting in their cramped union quarters
nine blocks out on East Alisal Street, the
the er ehedeach day, how ayy, how many haw many hours AWOC strategists have it figured like this:
workers are hired i w "A big strawberry spread always has some
they work, and haw much they rec ceive in marginal plantings-fields where the plants and wagespointedpiece to rates. the Saturday and Sunday are about played out and ready to be plowed
job poi totals, running Into the hundreds. under and replanted."
"You're welcome to add them up," he said, PANIC ACTION CHARGED
"Does that look as if we chased anybody "We think the company Spokesmen are
away?" He said the company has every in- trying to inflame the public against us and
centive to process job seekers quickly. Rip- panic the Government into-bringing back
erring fruit does not wait . braceros. You couldn't quite say they're
On the critical weekend, he said, the firm making a virtue out of necessity because
signed up nearly 1,500 volunteers. "The there's no virtue In deceiving the public.
most the State employment office here ever Let's just say they are making a big Federal
processed in a day is about 300." case out of nothing. At least they're trying
While touring the four big strawberry to."
farms, Mr. Lopez pointed to a worker letting All this, says Salinas Strawberries manage-
Irrigation water into the furrows. He sug- ment, is a little too pat.
gested this might be what the union had in "It is true the Stolich vines are in their
mind in its complain about flooding out fourth year," says Mr. Vukasovich, "Normally
workers. we plow under the plants after they stop
"You will notice that while this strip is bearing on the fourth year. By that time,
being watered, that group of workers over the plants are beginning to fall off in yield.
..- _ a _
1 ~4 o crnr for
t ti
pond them Jr. picking strawberries. '1-nese lack of workers.
operations are all part of the work cycle I "What makes It even worse is that this of change, and education is our best tool
mentioned." year the spring rains were just right. This for coping with change. You are ready to
STRIP PICKED EARLIER fourth-year growth on the Stolich was better begin your working lives in this changing
"It's true you can't work this Irrigated than it was a year ago. Already we have lost world. In order for your work to be success-
rip million crates out there." ful and rewarding, there must also be room was yete da a day or two. That tapicked
Later LOSS SET AT $ 2,3 5 0,000 in your future for continuing education. Dr.
yesterday by one then ur work teams. ea Grant Venn, a leading educator and keen
we will spray and thweed and by that time Mr. Vukasovich paused as though lost for observer of the American school scene, has
It will be about ready to pick again. We'd words. Then he added, "A million crates of stated in his book, "Man, Education, and
be crazy to flood so much land all at once. fresh strawberries at $2.35 a crate. And Work" as fWe couldn't keep our cycle going." the union charges we are deliberately throw- ,Today's and changing tech-
man, accelerating his education, and
camps criticism of California's farm-labor ing that away?" The manager tossed an- s follows:
camps makes Mr. Vukasovich 'wince, he other report across the desk. nbig work has in a new
n, his relationship to whicd
says. When Secretary Wirtz was here in This time it was the company's 1984 cost education in a e the bridge ipt in man
March, he cited the workers' houses and sheet: wbecomes
food furnished by Salinas Strawberries as "Take that along with you. Study it. and his
"models" of cleaniness and wholesome food, Why, the rent on the Stolich Ranch for the Now, your first thoughts may be that this
Mr. Vukasovich declared. first 6 months of this year comes to $35,000- has always been the case in America, and
The company says it is paying the mini- that's $70,000 we'd be throwing away on this you will be right to a degree. For certain.
mum $1.40 hourly wage set by Secretary year's lease, and for what-just to let the jobs-teaching, medicine, law, engineering,
Wirtz. The union says the growers are us- crop spoil." the professions in general-education has
ing that figure at a ceiling rather than a The boss' voice rose above the rattle of Indeed been the bridge between man and
floor. conveyor belts in the processing room next his work since long before the beginning of.
Mr, Vukasovich's eyes blazed. Out came door: our Nation. But there have been other large
another Sheaf of reports, this time showing
picking costs day by day. A breakdown of
these tabulations for May 30 showed that one
team of 60 braceros picked 769 crates in 9
hours at Old stage Ranch. This was an
average of 15.3 crates per man per day.
The crew was working on freezer berries.
strawberries which are not picked soon
enough-for the fresh-fruit market are sent
to the freezer plant, The firm pays pickers
$1 a crate for freezer fruit. This team's pay
for the day came to $15.30 a man. This was
30 cents an hour above the $1.40 hourly work
rate set. by Secretary Wirtz. .
Earlier, out at the Esperanza, a Chinese
girl working as a strawberry checker showed
this reporter what some Japanese boys were
making. It was then 2:30 in the afternoon,
and one worker had 27 slant marks on the
day's tally sheet.
"Here he comes now," she beamed. A
wiry youngster trotted up to the checker
with his heaping tray, checked In with a grin,
and trotted back to his furrow.
FIFTY-DOLLAR-A-DAY TOP QUOTED
Some of these pickers make up to $50 in a
day, according to Mr. Vukasovich.
But Mr. Tannehill and Mr. Quick feel as
sure as their AFL-CIO leaders that what is
happening out on Stolich Ranch is a hoax, a
"phony" disaster. Rather , perhaps, because
nothing is happening out at Stolich.
Except for a lonely irrigator or two on its
3-mile circumference, the ranch sits for-
lornly in a tangle of weeds redolent with
in
If I could impress but one fact upon you
today, I would like for it to be this: The
business of education must go on for each
of you, even after graduation. Today
should represent the completion of only one
stage in your educational progress, not the
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