MCGILL ON VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180011-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: July 9, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2003/10/15 ;.CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180011-8
July 9, 1965
CONdRESSTONAL RECORD - SENATE 15627
might the efforts now 'being made in Con- One vote can be decisive in a popular else--' Let us uphold the idea of one man, one
gress'to defeat the great principle set forth tion. One , vote can be decisive in a vote, one nation, with liberty and justice for
in Baker v. Carr. legislature. an.
The Dirksen amendment would permit one One man, one vdte: -if we are to build our
house of the State legislature to be based on Nation oil a'rock, what stronger rock could ~" _ `'CeJ
factors dther thin population, without de- there be than this principle? One man, one MCGI Q_N VIr,TNAM
fining what those factors are. The other ap- vote Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, Ralph
proch would be to withdraw jurisdiction of And finally, let us have one nation,. indi- McGill, the distinguished publisher of
the court 'in reapportionment cases. The visible, under God, with liberty and justice the Atlanta Constitution, has written an
Dirksen amendment nas been favorably re- for all excellent article entitled "Vietnam Con-
and out of subcommittee in the Senate, Nearly two centuries ago Virginians played
and hearings are being conducted in the a dominant role in the shaping of our Fed- ditions Make Total Victory Impossible."
House on a variety of proposals. Ninety-six eral system. They contributed to the fed- The article was published recently in
Members of the House have offered 108 meas- eralist papers which so eloquently argued the many newspapers.
tires to reverse the decision in your case. case for one nation with its Federal-State- I ask unanimous consent that Mr.
The Patman amendment in the House is local approach to political problems and McGill's article, as published in the
the salve as the Dirksen amendment In the with its ingenious and time-tested system Lewiston, Idaho, Morning Tribune, be
Senate-119 Members of the House have of checks and balances. printed at this point in the Tribun.
signed a discharge petition. Only 99 more A century ago Americans resolved on the
signatures are required to bring it to the field of battle that every man, woman, and There being no objection, the article
floor. There is a real possibility that one child should enjoy full citizenship. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
or the other measure could pass this Con- And now we are approaching and entering as follows:
gress, although the contest will be close. our third century as a nation. To survive in VIETNAM CONDITIONS MARE ToTAs. VICTORY
In my opinion the Dirksen amendment this dangerous world we must be united as IMPOSSIBLE
which would require a referendum in each never before, and the idea that can unite us (EDITOR'S NOTE.-Ralph McGill is publisher
State has a; better chance than has the and which can make us invincible is to let Of the Atlanta Constitution.)
other approach of withdrawing jurisdiction the effective ballot of each citizen be the
from the Court. When the issue is finally symbol of our political freedom. (By Ralph McGill)
submitted to the people I believe, in their When the Federal system was started we Republican voices demanding "total vic-
Wisdom, they will reject it. Those of us thought more' of the movement of goods, tory" in Vietnam arise out of intellectual
who are alert to what is at stake have a Now we see as equally important the move- and poiltical dishonesty or willful ignorance
duty to wage the fight-to conserve, If ment of people. Each American has a stake of conditions that confronted the Eisen-
you 'please, the idea of fair representation for in the vitality of the ballot everywhere in hower and Kennedy administrations and
every citizen in legislative bodies. our 50 States. Who knows? You and I may that now are the problem of President John-
As. a,cdyinggasp, a number of malappor- move to Seattle or Minneapolis. Or Geor- son. Very few fathers and mothers in this
tioned State legislatures have -applied -o gians move to Virginia-or Virginians to country would prefer "fighting on to total
Congress to call a constitutional convention. Georgia. victory in Vietnam" to a negotiated agree-
This co,#d, as many point out, open a Pan- In order to form a more perfect Union we ment. Former President Eisenhower sup-
dora's box. need to establish the principle of one man, ports the President and asks there be no
Yes, my theme tonight is "One Man, One one vote. If we succeed then we will have criticism of his policy. But Senator Gold-
Vote, One 'Nation, One Man." This is the one united nation. water and his claque are increasingly critical.
concept which distinguishes our democracy. Twenty-one years ago this past April, in They want more troops committed and a
The rights, the character, the judgment, the the climactic months of World War II, I campaign fought through the jungles to the
behavior o>' each individual are 'important. sailed out of this Norfolk Harbor on the capital of North Vietnam. Mr. Goldwater
The decisions and actions of individual men destroyer escort Menges in company with does not want the President to have a voice.
have won uss our freedom. some 80 ships bound for the Mediterranean. He demands the generals take charge.
It takes a certain amount of courage to be One of those ships was the Alexander Hamil- To put a half million or more men in Viet-
a, party plaintiff in a case such as the one ton laden with 10,000 tons of TNT and 498 nam and commit them to a long battle
you here have successfully prosecuted. American servicemen. A German torpedo through the jungle and hill terrain to the
Many Individuals just won't get on the firing plane from southern France attacked our northern border of Vietnam would be a form
line where a basic but controversial issue convoy and that ship was hit. On a lovely of madness.
such as your case presented is involved. spring night, 498 American boys were Incin- It would be madness because, in a very
One of the plaintiffs in the Georgia reap- erated in a pillar of flame which I can recall real sense, there are no borders to Vietnam.
portionment case came tome before he de- in my mind's eye as, clearly as if this ex- The entire peninsula is the battleground.
cided to be a plaintiff. He is an actuary, a perience had occurred last night. If all Vietnam were occupied there would
fine man, 'and the father of seven children. Shortly thereafter our ship was hit and 31 then be guerrilla forces in Cambodia and
He sought my counsel as a -lawyer and friend. of my shipmates were killed. My executive Thailand and a larger number in Laos. There
He told, ne that, he wanted very much to be officer and I viewed the bodies of our ship- nuw is some guerrilla activity in north
a plaintiff in such a case but, he said, "I mates and sought to understand the mean- Thailand. Laos has been a battleground
am doing a good bit of work for an insurance ing of their deaths. for years. Cambodia also is a potential
company headed by a man who is a chief The only meaning for us was the fact that storehouse for guerrilla activity.
beneficiary of our malapportioned legisla- these fine young men died so that you and "VICTORY" MEANINGLESS
"
ture. What might be the consequences?
he I could have another chance to try and make
asked. the idea of representative government under
I. told him what most of us learn in poll- law work. We are in their debt tonight as
tics, I said, "You have to assume that your we sit here In this climate of freedom, in
head will be bloodied." this comfortable hotel, In this prosperous
"In that. case, if you put it that way," he city. And you and I have our work cut out
replied, "I have no alternative but to serve as for us.
a plaintiff:' The other night I walked up the steps to
That was one man and there are, thank the Lincoln Memorial with visitors from
God, many such men and women in America. Holland-a man and wife. The husband had
Thege plaintiffs, these lawyers, and all of experienced the cruelty of Hitler's occupa-
you who are willing to stand up for the basic Lion of his country.
principles on which this country was founded
are such individuals. We didn't have to say much. We got the
One vote: How can we deal in fractions message of Lincoln and of this country. Our
when we talk about a man's vote? This form of government is the last best hope on
one vote, this meaningful vote, is what dis- earth. And we, the living, must see to it
tinguishes a freeman-an effective, respon- that there is a new birth of freedom in this
siblg cit);zen. ? country.
The Supreme Court has stated a great prim- As I see it, this is the issue which we up-
the every citizen shall be entitled to hold when we work for fair representation
d N
ti
i
l
t
St
l L
ona
eg
s
a
ures.
ate an
a
judicial relief ithe can show that he is ex- in our
perlencing invidious discrimination in the I salute all of you in the Norfolk Com-
gtructurp Qf a .l gislative body. And In the mittee for Fair Representation, and I urge
V esbe_rry case the Court has said that dis- you to keep up your good work. 'Let us de-
'
t be, as nearly the same in popula-
trictsjos
tion~ as tracticab'1e.
-No. 124-17 ,
Therefore, to "fight to victory" in Viet-
nam would be meaningless. The generals
know this.
The Defense Department and the Chiefs
of Staffs alone know what the plans are. An
observer may only speculate. There are two
major speculative conclusions.
One is that the Chinese, and the Vietcong
already know that if Chinese troops are com-
mitted, as they were in Korea, this coun-
try will not then fight a ground war, as in
Korea, but will, of necessity, use whatever
strategic nuclear weapons are necessary.
The second speculation is that there is a
chance for negotiation and an agreement
about neutralizing the southeast Asian
peninsula. (We badly need a viable United
Nations to assist in bringing off such a plan.)
The Soviets, one would assume, also know
of our alternative should the Chinese come
In. A further speculation, therefore, is that
the Soviets have not exerted pressures on Ho
Chi Minh to consider negotiations, and will
not, until they can determine to their satis-
feat the effort to reverse the decision in your faction what the political effect of such pres-
cases. B'Sre wdilld be in other Communist countries.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 9, 1965
The Chinese have been trying to goad the
Russians into direct and open aid to the Viet-
cong. But European Communist parties will
not so wish.
DELAY UNDERSTANDABLE
Russian delay is understandable. It is not
possible to believe they would like to see a
nuclear war grow out of the Vietnam crisis:
Ho Chi Minh, the Soviet-trained Communist
leader of the Vietcong, can hardly wish the
Chinese to destroy him and his hold on North
Vietnam by pushing the conflict to the point
where the United States cannot do other
than employ the alternative weapon. The
Soviets, one can assume, wait for a nego-
tiated peace pressure to grow before exert-
ing pressure.
American public opinion will want nego-
tiations rather than the astonishingly bloody
demand of the Republican right wing that
we fight into and occupy North Vietnam for
a "total victory." Vietnam is but one slender
slice of a peninsula problem. Nor are Amer-
icans ready to abolish the American Constitu-
tion which established civilian control and
makes the President of the Nation the Com-
mander in Chief.
It is not surprising that reliable polls
register strong public support of President
Johnson's position and his decisions.
Vietnam is an ugly, distressing business.
No one is comfortable about it. There is no
ready answer. Total war assuredly is not it.
TRIBUTE TO JOHN W. MACY BY THE
NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, as I
have noted before on the floor of the
Senate, President Johnson has done an
excellent job in finding qualified per-
sons to fill high Federal positions, both
from within the governmental service
and from the outside. The highly able
Chairman of the Civil Service Commis-
sion, John W. Macy Jr., has been very
helpful to President Johnson in his talent
hunt. Recently, the New York Times
published an article, written by Charles
Mohr, which gave a good account of Mr.
Macy's activities and abilities. I ask
unanimous consent that the article be
printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
[From th New York (N.Y.) Times, June 28,
1965]
CIVIL SERVICE CHIEF WIELDS POWER AS
JOHNSON'S TALENT SCOUT
(By Charles Mohr)
WASHINGTON, June 27.-Historically, the
Chairman of the Civil Service Commission
has not been notably important in the Wash-
ington power structure.
But under Lyndon B. Johnson the current
Chairman, John W. Macy, Jr., has become a
major power at the White House. He has
the large responsibility of helping Mr. John-
son fill such sensitive posts as the chairman-
ship of the Federal Power Commission, from
which Joseph C. Swidler has announced he
is resigning.
Since last November Mr. Macy has served
as President Johnson's chief talent scout
for major appointments. The President has
also given him increasing and improving the
whole structure of Federal employment and
administration.
It seems ironic to some that Mr. Johnson,
a consummate politician, has caused a de-
cline in the patronage power of the
Democratic National Committee, and of
politicians in general, and has turned in-
creasingly to the apolitical sort of men Mr.
Macy favors.
Together the two men have given the
administration a distinctive coloration. It
is one of primarily merit appointments,
almost half of them promotions from the
ranks of civil servants. There has been a
conscious effort to exalt Government serv-
ice as a lifetime profession and to look first
-among career men when a major job is
open.
THE BLUE NOTEBOOK
Mr. Johnson is acutely aware that he will
be judged as a President partly by the
appointments he makes.
The President has Mr. Macy keep up to
date a blue-covered notebook detailing all of
the major appointments Mr. Johnson has
made since November 23, 1963, the first full
day of his Presidency.
It shows that Mr. Johnson has made more
than 280 major appointments, including
34 to the Federal bench. A total of 183 of
these were to full-time, nonjildicial jobs.
Some of the others went to posts on impor-
tant but not full-time commissions atnd
committees.
If judges are excluded, 48 percent of the
appointees were chosen from the ranks of
Government service. The other appoint-
ments were shared almost equally among
three groups-lawyers, labor and industry,
and universities.
Mr. Macy has helped the President make
most of these appointments. In most cases,
he has, in the end, given the President three
or four suggested names for a job, along with
an evaluation of each man. Mr. Johnson
does the choosing, but he is the first to say
that Mr. Macy has considerable influence.
"I am fond of him as a person," says Mr.
Johnson.
The Macy-Johnson friendship began when
Mr. Johnson, as Vice President, was Chair-
man of the Committee on Equal Opportu-
nity in Federal Hiring. It is apparent that,
at a time when Mr. Johnson often felt
slighted by some officials of the Kennedy ad-
ministration, he got courteous and friendly
help from Mr. Macy.
"Nobody gives a damn about the Vice
President," Mr. Johnson says wryly, "but
John Macy worked very conscientiously with
me on the Equal Opportunity Committee.
He even worked at night." `
Mr. Macy, 48 years old, has an almost boy-
ishly youthful air despite a head of gray
hair clipped into a crew cut. In Govern-
ment since 1938, he served as a personnel
expert for both the Atomic Energy Commis-
sion and the Department of the Army before
becoming Executive Director-the top career
post-in the Civil Service Commisson in
1953.
From 1958 until 1961 he was executive vice
president of Wesleyan University, his alma
mater.
AN ORGANIZED MIND
Mr. Macy has a precise and highly or-
ganized mind and applies himself to his ex-
tracurricular White House duties in a precise
way. He has put together a file of about
20,000 names of persons who have expressed
interest in Government service or have been
recommended by a wide range of figures in
private life.
The file often puts Mr. Macy on the track
of men to fill a job vacancy. But the search
really begins with a studious examination of
the vacant job itself.
Mr. Macy usually writes a "job profile,"
outlining the qualities and experience needed
or most desirable in the job. This profile,
which is also studied by Mr. Johnson in
many cases, makes the search easier by
making clear what it is they are looking for.
Finally, as the search narrows, Mr. Macy han-
dles all details.
If warranted, he checks with the Demo-
cratic National Committee on political as-
pects of the appointment (but the impor-
tance of this has clearly waned), gathers
opinion on candidates and finally gives the
President concise evaluations of the reputa-
tions of the contenders.
SELECTION OF ENVOYS
Mr. Macy sits in on State Department
meetings regarding ambassadorial appoint..
ments, and plays a role in this field. Be-
cause Mr. Johnson believes in executive
compatability, Cabinet secretaries have great
latitude in picking assistant and deputy
secretaries, but Mr. Macy is also in on this.
A job like this never ends. Mr. Macy be-
lieves there will always be a minimum of
about a half-dozen vacancies. At present
there are no more than that.
The Treasury Department needs a gen-
eral counsel, the Community Relations Serv-
ice needs a director, and one assistant sec-
retary slot is open at the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare. Several ap-?
pointments to Government agencies expire
this month, giving Mr. Johnson the option of
reappointing men or looking for new ones.
The most important of these cases was
that of Mr. Swidler, whose term officially
ended last Tuesday.
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT
In addition to screening and suggesting
appointees, Mr. Macy is engaged in even
more fundamental tasks. He has already
codified and clarified directives on standards
of ethical conduct for Government employees
and will be the depositor for financial state-
ments by top policymakers and a sort of
court of appeal on ethics and conflict-of-
interest cases.
He is making the first full-scale study and
inventory of some 500 to 600 middle-level
policymaking jobs in Government. He is
perhaps the most important administration
adviser on such questions as Federal pay
scales, personnel use, and like matters.
President Johnson recently remarked that
he had accepted about 90 percent of Mr.
Macy's suggestions in the job field and sent
about 10 percent back for further study and
reexamination, ultimately accepting some of
them.
In the game of advising Presidents that's
an impressive batting average indeed.
SALUTE TO THE NATION
Mr. HART. Mr. President, this year
marks the 100th anniversary of the Na-
tion magazine, a journal of social and
political comment that has somehow
survived since 1865, despite a marked
disinclination to cater to advertisers or
to respect the tenets of conventional edi-
torial wisdom.
The Nation has achieved the remark-
able ability to take issues seriously, with-
out taking itself too seriously. Any pub-
lication that marks a centennial anni-
versary must be naturally inclined to-
ward self-congratulation.
But the one virtue in which the Nation
has taken the greatest pride is honesty;
and. the best proof of this honesty, curi-
ously enough, can be found in the mate-
rial the magazine has sent around, to
mark its own birthday.
Forexample, the handout unpompous-
ly notes-the remark of its editor after the
first issue was put to bed:
No. 1 is afloat; and the tranquillity that
.still reigns in this city, under the circum-
stances, I confess amazes me.
The release notes that after the third
issue, the elated editor declared:
We have so much money, that I don't
think we can fail, unless by stupendous mis-
management.
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July 9, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
In any case, what was behind this rever-
sal? It cannot be explained in terms of
shifts to a higher level of utilization of
capacity in Western Europe and in Japan
as compared with the United States. The
fact is that we are all operating at high
levels of capacity utilization. Nor can it be
explained in terms of having `guid'elines or
not having guidelines. The fact is: Western
Europe has had guidelines all along. What
then accounts for the difference? Guide-
lines or not, the fact is that a change
came about. in Western, Europe and in
Japan in the early 1960's in the relation
between annual labor cost increases and
annual productivity improvements. They
began to produce an unfavorable gap be-
tween the two just as we began to eliminate
ours, Beginning in 1960, and accelerating in
1962 and 1963, labor cost per unit of output
began to rise, putting a strong upward
pressure on prices.
Italy provides perhaps the clearest ex-
ample. In 1960 and 1961, labor costs per
unit of output were actually lower by nearly
10 percent than they had been in 1958 and
1959. This reflected the fact that hourly
labor cost increases had been held well within
the limits of productivity improvements.
But in 1962 and 1063 hourly labor costs rose
by close to 15 percent a year. I have no
data on Italy's rate of annual productivity
improvement, but it is hard for me to believe
that it exceeded Tor 8 percent, though owing
to the special circumstances and stage of
development of the Italian economy it is
possible that this high rate may have been
achieved. In any case, the excess of labor
cost increases over productivity gains in
1962 and 1963 was so great that prices in-
creased by about 8 percent in each of these
'2 years. This was possible, obviously, only
because-in the face of an egregious imbal-
ance between labor cost increases and pro-
ductivity improvements-monetary and fls-
c it policy continued to be easy, In the style,
if I may say so, of the "new economics."
Of course, this inflationary process could
rot be permitted to go on indefinitely. Be-
fore very long the inflation of costs and
prices required that stabilization programs
be launched in every one of the Western
European economies. You know the history
of this as well as I do; and you know that
these stabilization programs, essential as
they are to the long-term health of the
economies, involved, have been carried out
only at the expense of a slowing down of
growth rates. Italy has had a kind of stabil-
ization recession; France has suffered a pause
in its growth; and so have nearly all the other
Western European continental economies.
Only the United Kingdom, on that side of
the world, continues in a state of total do-
mestic prosperity and vigorous expansion,
but it is caught in a still-unsolved interna-
tional financial predicament. I leave it to
you to sort out cause and effect in this coin-
cidence.
The hour is late and, because I want to
say something about the economic outlook
before I finish, I will spare you an account
of Japan's recent economic history. Our
friends there did not invent the term "new
economics" but they did give us the word
"overheating," which will assuredly find its
place in the same general area of the eco-
nomic thesaurus. And I must say that the
Japanese have demonstrated some of the
more, spectacular dangers of monetary and
fiscal expansionism persisted in side by side
with cost Inflation,
If we are of a, mind to do so, we can learn a
good deal from these experiences of other
countries. In many ways their most in-
structive value is' to show us what heavy
doses of the new economics, applied when
fiscal and monetary restraint not expansion
is called for, can do to the institutional
framework of a society. Here I want to
make two points :
First, you will observe that Indicative plan-
ning, as it is called, did not prevent inflation
in Western Europe. I hope its admirers in
this country will take note of that fact.
Second, you will observe that monetary and
fiscal expansionism, in the mode of the so-
called new economics, has led almost every-
where abroad to incomes policies which, be-
coming increasingly specific and mandatory
and reaching far into the area of price and
nonwage income determination, are having
a profound effect on market institutions.
There is a real danger that, in the end, an
incomes policy will prove to be only a euphe-
mism for a system of broad market con-
trols. And the more determined the appli-
cation of monetary and fiscal expansionism,
the more determined, that 1s, the application
of the new economics, the greater is that
danger.
There was no disposition to court this risk
in the 1950's. Our paramount object was to
achieve the purposes of the Employment Act
within the framework of an enterprise sys-
tem and of a labor market with maximum
freedom. The guiding concept was the con-
cept of a free society. Fiscal responsibility
was, and remains, an essential means to this
end.
I have no wish to diminish your estimate
of what a prudently expansive fiscal and
monetary policy can do to promote vigorous
and stable economic growth, and inciden-
tally, to ease the task of the financial analyst.
My object is only to argue the case that such
a policy is possible only when a balance is
maintained between cost increases and pro-
ductivity improvements, and that it can be
carried to excess, even then. If you conclude
from this that there is less that is new in the
new economics than its enthusiasts seem to
believe, and more that is contingent and
risky, then I will have made my point on the
doctrinal question.
In commenting on the near-term business
outlook, let me refer first to economic condi-
tions abroad. To a considerable extent.
such uneasiness as is felt nowadays about
the economic outlook-and it must be con-
ceded that some uneasiness does exist-de-
rives from a concern about prospects abroad.
Briefly, I feel reasonably confident that the
pause in growth that continental Western
European countries have experienced recent-
ly has about ended and that a resumption of
expansion can be expected this year. And I
see no reason why expansion should not con-
tinue in 1966. The pause was induced by
stabilization programs launched to gain some
mastery over cost inflation and a too-rapid
expansion of credit. But the restraints are
being relaxed almost everywhere on the
continent now, and underlying demand is so
strong that the response should be favorable.
If there is a fly in the ointment, it is that the
stabilization plans have been less than com-
pletely successful in closing the gap between
labor cost increases and productivity gains.
Increases in employment costs are still ex-
cessive. Accordingly, I expect to see cost and
price inflation continue there, perhaps in
the neighborhood of 3 percent a year, though
hopefully not more.
Great Britain is a special case. There are
those who regard the Labor government's
stabilization measures as inadequate to cor-
rect the country's international economic and
financial imbalance; but others say that the
credit squeeze is very tight, and that it may
well prove by fall or winter, to be more
restrictive than is needed. Basically, the
question is whether the British will be able
to survive their pursuit of fiscal and monetary
expansionism, from which they are retiring
only very reluctantly, without devaluing
their currency. I do not expect devaluation
this year; whether it will come in 1966 is still
15731
a moot question but hopefully it will be
avoided altogether. In any case, what seems
most likely to me in that Great Britain's
international financial problems will be dealt
with in the context of a general resetting of
the international monetary system, rather
than by unilateral action. In the meantime,
I am afraid the British situation will con-
tinue to be a source of uncertainty and of
some deflationary pressure for other econ-
omies.
In the Japanese economy, industrial pro-
duction has been broadly flat for almost a
year now and I expect this condition to con-
tinue for a time. There has been, as you
know, a very rapid expansion of credit in
Japan, and this has had a serious effect on
the nation's investment market. But the
impact of Japan's experiment in monetary
and fiscal expansion has so far been limited
mainly to its own economy and I do not
expect to see the impact magnified, or to
see it spread internationally, in the months
ahead.
Turning now to our own economy-
and putting aside small month-to-month
changes some of which are up and some
down-I think we can say that the picture
depicted by our business cycle indicators is
still a reasonably good one. There is dis-
tinctly more diversity in it than there was a
month or two ago; but, apart from the stock
market, the indicators are in reasonably
good shape. There are signs, however, that
certain of the qualities of balance that have
characterized the expansion to date are being
lost. I hope I may cite these without seem-
ing to be raising unwarranted alarms, or of
being somehow counterproductive.
First, there seems to have been some slip-
ping away from the close approximation to
balance that we have enjoyed in recent years
in the relation between labor cost increases
and productivity improvements. For the
private economy as a whole, and for the year
1964 as a whole, the gap widened a bit. Cer-
tainly, some of the major settlements
reached in the latter part of 1964, and to
date in 1965, have been moving in the direc-
tion of imbalance.
Second, prices have started to move up.
The rate of increase of the consumer price
Index, which is slow to move in any case,
has not changed greatly; it continues to rise
at about 1 to 1'/2 percent a year. But after
a long period of absolute stability, the
wholesale price index has been moving up
in recent months and the index of prices of
industrial materials has moved up sharply.
The last mentioned Index rose 15 percent in
the 12 months ending June 1965, as com-
pared with 8 percent in the previous 12
months and with a decline of 2 percent in
the 12 months before that.
Cost push cannot be exonerated entirely
from these price increases but pressure on
production facilities from the side of de-
mand has also been heavy. Indeed, I have
the distinct impression that demand pres-
sure has been more important than the push
of costs. In part, this is due to the rapid up-
surge in credit which we have seen in the
past few months. Accordingly, I attach
special importance at this time to monetary
policy.
It is not easy to find just that degree of
credit restraint which, without wrenching
the economy, will get us back onto a sus-
tainable rate of credit expansion. There is
danger in putting the brakes on too hard;
but our monetary authorities know this
danger very well. There is also danger, how-
ever, in staying too long with a rapid credit
expansion, which is a mistake to which fiscal
and monetary expansionists are distinctly
prone. It is the job of money policy-and
a highly unpopular one it is at a time like
this-to prevent our running afoul of either
of these hazards. To date, monetary policy
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15732 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE J' _91, 1965
has moved in what I regard as the indicated
direction. I have no quarrel with it, and I
trust that the expansionists will not insist in
this instance on making their characteristic
mistake of carrying things too far.
What happens in the area of fiscal policy is
also critical. Now, you and I know that
there is room in our economy when it is op-
erating at a high pitch and growing at a good
rate for a combination of tax reduction and
expenditure increase adding up, certainly, to
$5 billion a year and possibly to as much as
$7 billion. But you and I know, too, that if
the Federal Government chooses to go
beyond that at a time of high activity, and
when the private sector of the economy is
pushing on with its own species of deficit
financing, then we not only risk'the danger
of overheating our economy but of impair-
ing the Government's capability for taking
constructive countermeasures in the event of
a setback. What we need to do is to hold the
total of tax reductions and expenditure in-
creases well within the limits of the revenue
increases we can expect from our economy's
growth. The effect would be to move our
Federal budgetary accounts closer to balance.
I must tell you that I do not see as much
evidence of a readiness to do this as I would
like to see.
If we are guided by these broad principles
of financial prudence, and if labor cost in-
creases are kept well within the limits of
productivity gains, I see no reason why the
expansion cannot go on indefinitely. As I
have had occasion to say before, the secret
is to avoid spurts and surges and not to push
the economy too hard. It is plain from the
figures that we have already had something
of a spurt. I think our whole economy
would have been better off without it, and
I think that the market would be behaving
better than it has been if we hadn't had it.
But now I expect to see us settle down to a
more sedate pace. If this is the way our
economy goes, as I expect it will, then the
stock market is currently underestimating
the strength and the growth capabilities of
the American economy, and that is precisely
what was needed to help the troops, and
came up with a practical solution.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
include the press release by VFW Com-
mander in Chief Jenkins, dated June 17,
1965, which, in turn, contains his letter
to the President:
VFW URGES FREE MAILING PRIVILEGE FOR
U.S. PERSONNEL IN SOUTH VIETNAM
WASHINGTON, D.C., June 17, 1965.-Free
mailing privileges for U.S. military men was
urged today by the national commander in
chief of the Veterans of Foreign Wars
of the United States, Mr. John A. Jenkins,
Birmingham, Ala.
Commander Jenkins made the recom-
mendation in a personal telegram to Presi-
dent Johnson. The VFW official, just re-
turned from an extensive trip to the fight-
ing fronts in South Vietnam, said he had
an opportunity to personally observe the
conditions under which U.S. military per-
sonnel are living and fighting.
Explaining his recommendation, Com-
mander Jenkins said: "Fighting the Com-
munist aggressors in South Vietnam is a
full-time, around-the-clock job. This is a
war in South Vietnam and it doesn't make
sense that our fighting men should be un-
necessarily burdened by having to travel
to a postal branch, line up to buy stamps,
which it is impossible for them to keep in
usable condition when they return to their
battle positions in rains, mud, and sand." -
The text of VFW Commander Jenkin's
telegram to President Johnson follows:
The PRESIDENT,
The, White House,
Washington, D.C.:
During my recent trip to South Vietnam,
I was fortunate to be able to visit our fight-
ing men in various parts of that embattled
country. I can report to you, Mr. Presi-
dent, that our fighting men are performing
their duty with a dedication, loyalty, and
degree of efficiency that has historically been
the hallmark of those in our Armed Forces.
As a result of my visits to fighting fronts in
South Vietnam, I take this opportunity to
RESIDUAL OIL RELIEF NEAR?-
STATEMENT DETAILS NEED
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. DEL CLAWSON) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, the
residual oil import problem continues to
afflict the consumers of the Northeast.
Hopefully, a solution is near. Last week,
Members of Congress from every New
England State and New York met with
Director Buford Ellington, of the Office
of Emergency Planning, who is one of
the President's key advisers on oil im-
port policy. We expressed ourselves in
clear terms, calling for an early decision,
which Mr. Ellington said he would try
to achieve. The delegation's informal
chairman was the destinguished gentle-
man. from Rhode Island [Mr. FOGARTY]
and, it is encouraging to record, we also
were specifically authorized to express
his wholehearted endorsement of our
position by the Speaker of the House.
This time, it is hoped that the North-
east will be able to muster enough
strength to overcome the power of the
coal and oil interests, which blocked re-
laxation of residual oil imports last
March. They did this by exerting their
influence at the White House so that
the Secretary of the Interior himself was
overruled on the eve of announcing plans
to grant a substantial measure of relief.
As we await a new decision, it is timely
to consider the underlying facts and I
offer for this purpose the text of a frank,
short address by Mr. John K. Evans,
executive director of the Independent
Fuel Oil Marketers of America, Inc. He
delivered it with considerable courage
last month at the annual convention of
the National Coal Association in Chi-
cago. This is an excellent summary of
the residual oil question and I urge my
colleagues to read it:
STATEMENT DY MR. JOHN K. EVANS, EXECU-
TIVE DIRECTOR, INDEPENDENT FUEL OIL
MARKETERS OF AMERICA, INC., WASHINGTON,
D.C., AT 48TH ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION OF
THE NATIONAL COAL ASSOCIATION IN CHICAGO
My name is Jack Evans, I am executive
director of Independent Fuel Oil Marketers
of America, Inc., of Washington, D.C. I have
spent over three decades in the international
oil business, most of that time with the
Royal Dutch Shell group' and for the past
4 years I have had my own consulting office
in Washington. Among my clients-are mem-
bers of the association whose stand and in-
terests are the reason for my being here
today.
When I told Don Sullivan that I was born
in Wales he told me I was a traitor to my
Welsh heritage. My reply to Don was that
I was from North Wales where they have
no coal and where the only natural resource
is rocks. When I told my friends I was
going to stick my head into the lion's head
they told me I must have rocks in my head.
The Welsh are a stubborn race and like to
crusade for lost. causes but I am sure I don't
have to tell this audience about the Welsh
because they have had plenty of contact with
John L. Lewis and other far more eloquent
representatives of the Welsh race than I ever
could be.
I fully realize that this is a kangaroo
court but I welcome this opportunity of
FREE MAI ILEGES FOR
U.S. PERSONNEL IN SOUTH VIET-
NAM
(Mr. BOB WILSON (at the request of
Mr. DEL CLAWSON) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, as
Members of this House well know, the
Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States is one of the most effective and
consistent spokesman for the man in
uniform.
Another example of how they help look
after the interests of our fighting men
has recently come to my attention. Their
commander in chief, John A. Jenkins,
Birmingham, Ala., has written to the
President of the United States, urging
free mailing privileges for all U.S. mili-
tary personnel in South Vietnam.
It should be emphasized that this fair
and practical recommendation was a re-
sult of "Buck" Jenkins personally going
to South Vietnam and visiting our troops
in the combat areas. He went to the
fighting fronts in the forested mountains
along the Cambodian frontier, to the
embattled base at Danang, and to the
marine beachhead at Chulai. He saw
privileges be authorized to all those in our
Armed Forces in South Vietnam. On the
basis of my personal observations, I am con-
vinced that it is an unnecessary burden for
men engaged in a life and death conflict to
have to travel to a postal branch, line up
for stamps, and then go back to their com-
bat assignments. It is impossible for our
troops living, for instance, in primitive con-
ditions of the mountainous frontier, and in
the deep and drifting sands of the Chu Lai
beachhead to keep their postage stamps in
a usable condition until they have time to
write to their loved ones at home. It is also
respectfully submitted, Mr. President, that
in the long run the granting of free mailing
privileges to our forces in South Vietnam
would prove to be an economical step. The
merchandising of stamps and maintenance
of even rudimentary postal facilities seems
to be an unnecessary expenditure under the
existing circumstances. Hoping that this
recommendation merits your favorable con-
sideration, I am.
Respectfully,
JOHN A. JENKINS,
Commander in Chief, VFW.
(Mr. MORSE (at the request of Mr.
DEL CLAWSON) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. MORSE'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix. ]
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July 9, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL
HIGHER EDUCATION IN TRANSITION
Vice Chairman: Mrs, Mary I. Bunting,
president, Radcliffe College.
Summary writer: John Chaffee, Jr., edu-
cation,, editor, Boston Herald & Traveler,
RESEARCH AND GRADUATION EDUCATION
(2 p.m. Tuesday, panel discussion 8-A)
Chairman: Mrs. Mary I. Bunting.
Consultant: John, Walsh, news depart-
ment, Science magazine, Washington.
Questioner: Neal O. Hines, assistant direc-
tor, Committee on Governmental Relations,
Washington.
Panelists: H},ibert Heffner, associate pro-
vost, Stanford University; Logan Wilson,
president, American Council on Education;
Harry . Ransom, chancellor, University of
Texas; -James Shannon, director, National
Institutes of Health; Leland Haworth, direc-
tor, National Science Foundation,
'UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION
(10:15 a.m, Wednesday, panel discussion 8-B)
Chairman: Mrs. Mary I. Bunting.
Consultant: Donald R. McNeil, special as-
sistant to the president, University of Wis-
consin.
Questioner: Harry D. Gideonse, president,
Brooklyn College.
Panelists: Samuel M. Nabrit, president,
Texas Southern University; Barnaby A.
Keeney, president, Brown University; R.
Nevitt Sanford, director, Institute for the
Study of Human Problems, Stanford Univer-
sity; George Shuster, assistant to the presi-
dent, Notre Dame University; Stephen Rob-
bins, president, U.S. National Student Asso-
ciation.
EDUCATION IN THE URBAN COMMUNITY
Vice chairman; Sidney Marland, Jr., su-
perintendent of schools, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Summary writer: Oscar Jaeger, Interna-
tional Union of Electrical Workers, Washing-
ton.
COMMUNITY EXTENSION
(2 p.m., Tuesday, panel discussion 9-A)
Chairman: Sidney Marland, Jr.
Consultant: Roald Campbell, dean, Grad-
uate School of Education, University of Chi-
cago.
Questioner: Edward C. Banfield, professor
of urban government, Harvard.
Panelists: Russell I. Thackrey, executive
secretary, Association of State Universities
and Land-Grant Colleges; Robert B. Bins-
wanger, executive director, the Pace Associa-
tion, Cleveland, Ohio; Fred H. Harrington,
president, University of Wisconsin; Walter
M. Garcia, president, Modesto Junior Col-
lege, Modesto, Calif.; Paul J. Milner, super-
intendent of schools, Glencoe, Ill,
CAN URBAN SCIIoOLS BE MANAGED?
(10:15 a.m? Wednesday, panel discussion,
9-B)
Chairman: Sidney Marland, Jr,
Consultant: H. Thomas James, professor
of education, Stanford University.
Questioner: Philip M. Hauser, professor of
sociology, University of Chicago.
Panelists: Samuel M. Brownell, superin-
tendent of schools, Detroit; Melvin Barnes,
superintendent of schools, Portland; James
Stratten, member, board of education, San
Francisco; David Selden, assistant to the
president, American Federation of Teachers,
Chicago; T. Joseph McCook, superintendent
of schools, Springfield, Mass.
Mr. Speaker, the Vice Chairmen at
Large of the Conference are: James B.
Conant, president emeritus, Harvard
University; Hon. Edmund G. Brown,
'Governor of California; Hon, John B.
Connally, Governor of Texas; Hon.
Richard J. Hugheg, Governor of 'New
No. 124-31
Jersey; and Hon. John H. Reed, Governor
of Maine.
The Conference Director is Mr. Lyle M.
Nelson.
Members of the host committee for the
Conference are as follows:
CABINET
Hon. Dean Rusk, Secretary of State.
Hon. Henry H. Fowler, Secretary of the
Treasury.
Hon. Robert S. McNamara, Secretary
of Defense.
Hon. Nicholas deB. Katzenbach, At-
torney General.
Han, John A. Gronouski, Postmaster
General.
Hon. Stewart L. Udall, Secretary of
the Interior.
Hon. Orville L. Freeman, Secretary of
Agriculture.
Hon. John T. Connor, Secretary of
Commerce.
Hon. W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary of
Labor.
Hon. Anthony J. Celebrezze, Secretary
of Health, Education, and Welfare.
EXECUTIVE
Hon. Charles L. Schultze, Director, Bu-
reau of the Budget.
Hon. Gardner Ackley, Council of Eco-
nomic Advisers.
Hon. Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr., Di-
rector, Office of Economic Opportunity.
Hon. Buford Ellington, Director, Office
of Emergency Planning.
Hon. Donald F. Hornig, Director, Office
of Science and Technology.
INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Hon. William G. Colman, Executive
Director, Advisory Commission on Inter-
governmental Relations.
Hon. William J. Driver, Administrator
of Veterans Affairs.
Hon. Milton Eisenhower, Chairman,
Commission. on Presidential Scholars.
Hon. John A. Hannah, Chairman,
Commission on Civil Rights.
Hon. Leland J. Haworth, Director, Na-
tional Science Foundation.
Hon. E. William Henry, Chairman,
Federal Communications Commission.
Hon. Lewis B. Hershey, Director, Selec-
tive Service System.
Hon. John W. Macy, Jr? Chairman,
Civil Service Commission.
Hon. S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary,
Smithsonian Institution.
Hon. David Rockefeller, Chairman,
President's Commission on White House
Fellows.
Hon. Carl T. Rowan, Director, U.S.
Information Agency.
Hon. Harold Russell, Chairman, Presi-
dent's Committee on Employment of the
Handicapped.
Hon. Glenn T. Seaborg, Chairman,
Atomic Energy Commission.
Hon. Frederick Seitz, President, Na-
tional Academy of Sciences and National
Research Council.
Hon. William Walton, Chairman, Com-
mission of Fine Arts.
Hon. Robert C. Weaver, Administrator,
Housing and Home Finance Agency.
Hon. James E. Webb, Administrator,
National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration.
A CITATION FOR MORRIS DOUGLAS
JAFFE
(Mr. PATMAN was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, St.
Mary's University in San Antonio, Tex.,
recently conferred on Mr. Morris Doug-
las Jaffe, also of that city, the degree of
doctor of laws, honoris causa. The cita-
tion which accompanied this award was
to me particularly inspirational and
heartwarming, since it portrays a con-
structive business career, a wholesome
home environment, and conspicuous
public service, the combination of which
is distinctively American.
The citation follows:
CITATION
Men of vision and particularly business-
men in the modern competitive world agree
that economic and accompanying social
changes are continually evolving. They also
recognize that the inquiring mind sup-
ported by an adventuresome spirit forsees,
searches out, and even helps bring about
these changes, for nothing in life is static.
Tonight, on the occasion of the 113th an-
nual commencement, St. Mary's University
honors one of its former students, Morris
Douglas Jaffe, whose qualities of leadership
and whose semi-intuitive skill in inter-
preting the emerging patterns of business
have enabled him to make significant con-
tributions to the economic well-being of
society.
The successful management of modern
business, as illustrated in the career of Mor-
ris Jaffe, requires some familiarity with the
more relevant branches of history and
philosophy, some knowledge of mathematics,
of the social sciences, particularly economics
and political science. This indispensable
liberal education, whether formal or self-
acquired, contributes to a flexibility of mind
and helps develop a sense of responsibility
to the larger society of which the business-
man is a part.
Our honoree, the son of Mrs. Irene Jaffe
and the late Mr. Morris Jaffe, received his
early education at Central Catholic and Jef-
ferson High Schools, He attended St. Mary's
University from 1940 to 1942. Then, after a
short stay at Texas A. and M., he joined the
U.S. Army Air Corps during World War 11,
where he served as a pilot assigned to the
flight test section of the 2d Air Force; his
continued interest in flying dates back to
these early experiences,
In 1947 he married Jeanette Herrmann,
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Herrmann.
The Jades have six attractive children, whose
daily adventures in growing up contribute
to an exciting home life.
In 1946 Mr. Jaffe entered the highly com-
petitive business of real estate development
and homebuilding in San Antonio, To this,
in partnership with David P. Martin, he
added commercial construction. Interest in
oil followed, both wells and production. In
1955 his discovery of uranium in Karnes
County stirred national interest.
Subsequently he associated himself with
the Fed-Mart stores of California and be-
came active in expanding the corporation in
the Southwest. In partnership with Roger
L. Zeller, he purchased control of Columbia
Industries and moved the national manu-
facturing center to San Antonio. At the
same time he served as chairman of the
Dixie Form & Steel Co. which supplies steel
forms to construction firms throughout the
world.
Morris Jaffe's managerial ability was rec-
ognized when a Federal judge of the western
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15740
district of Texas approved his plans to re-
organize a west Texas empire which had
failed financially under previous manage-
ment. When rebuilt, reorganized, and re-
constituted, the American Grain Corp. came
Into existence with Mr. Jaffe, chairman of the
board. Demonstrating a capacity for adap-
tation, he disassociated himself from the
Fed-Mart Corp. and assumed the responsi-
bility of serving as chairman of the board
of the First Financial Life Insurance Co.
While carrying on these multiple activities,
Morris Jaffe, firmly committed to the propo-
sition that citizens must concern themselves
continuously with affairs of government, gave
of his time, his energy, and his financial
support to the promotion of good govern-
ment on all levels. A lifelong Democrat he
continues to involve himself in political af-
fairs.
Complex business enterprises depend on
the services of many individuals of varied
talents, and Mr. Jaffe has surrounded him-
self with able assistants who contribute their
skill and technical knowledge to his diversi-
fied operations. His appreciation of the
value of the well educated man in business
has led directly to his interest in higher edu-
cation. In 1955 he accepted an invitation
to serve as a member of the board of gover-
nors of St. Mary's University and more re-
cently he was elected president of the educa-
tional foundation of St. Mary's University,
where he now directs the activities associated
with the planning and future growth of the
university.
His gracious Wife Jeannette continuously
assists and often represents Morris by giving
freely of her time and talents to various civic
and charitable organizations. She is the
founder of the Santa Rosa Children's Hos-
pital Foundation. Assisted by Father John
Lazarsky, she organized its activities and to
this day has served uninterruptedly as Its
vice president. She has been president of
the Carmelite Day Nursery, member of the
local Catholic Welfare Bureau, the Visiting
Nurses Association, the State boardof men-
tal health, and the State Heart Association.
She has served on the White House Confer-
ence on Children and Youth.
With an easy and gracious charm the
Jaffes use their spacious, tastefully decorated
home for a variety of social functions which
supplement their business activities and en-
hance the San Antonio social scene. Local
dignitaries, State, and national governmen-
tal officials have been formally received on
numerous occasions. Their home is often
the scene of style shows, charitable teas, art
festivals. Groups frequently assemble in the
Jaffe home to plan their activities and raise
funds in support of various causes. Jean-
nette Jaffe, encouraged and financially sup-
ported by Morris in all these undertakings,
is the ever-gracious hostess, lending charm
and distinction to all gatherings. In recog-
nition of her contribution to the social and
civic life of the city she was recently hon-
ored with the title, "Hostess of the Year."
The extensive anti varied interests of Mr.
Jaffe have left an imprint on a large seg-
ment of society. His activities as a home-
builder have improved living conditions in
various sections of the city and surrounding
areas. He Is to be counted among those dis-
tinguished leaders In the business world who
believe that generous salaries not only serve
the cause of social justice but likewise stimu-
late the economy for the benefit of all. His
philosophy Is simple and. unadorned: he be-
lieves that the purpose of life is to be useful,
to be honorable. It is to be compassionate.
It is to matter. It is to contribute one's
talents to the betterment of a changing
world.
For outstanding services to his city, State,
and surrounding areas, for stimulating the
economy in which many share, for his po-
litical activity in behalf of worthy causes, for
his generous support of charitable and hu-
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 9, 1965
manitarian work in Which his charming wife
assists him, and for his continued interest
in the growth and development of St. Mary's
University, it is my distinct privilege and
honor Very Reverend President, to recom-
mend for the degree of doctor of laws, hon-
oris cause, Morris Douglas Jaffe.
Done at St. Mary's University, this 30th
day of May 1965, A.D., by Dr. Joseph W.
Schmitz, S.M., vice president, dean of
'faculties.
TEXAS PARTNERS OF THE
ALLIANCE COMMITTEE
?Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. MACKAY) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, the
Texas Partners of the Alliance Commit-
tee was launched in San Antonio just
over a year ago. On June 17, last year,
at a banquet attended by Ambassador
Celso Pastor and a host of Texans from
throughout the State, the partnership
between Texas and Peru was set in mo-
tion. In the year that has followed, the
partnership has developed at a rapid
pace. The people of Texas, represented
by a great variety of groups and orga-
nizations, have responded with such en-
thusiasm that the Texas program is
often cited as the most productive and
wide in scope of all those in the 26 U.S.
States now working with 12 Latin Ameri-
can Republics.
Much of this dramatic growth and
activity within the private sector in
Texas can beassigned to the imagination
and drive and energy of Mr. Edward
Marcus, the chairman of the Texas Part-
tiers. Mr. Marcus was the choice of the
delegates to serve as the permanent
chairman of the First Inter-American
Partners of the Alliance Conference held
in Washington, D.C., last month, at-
tended by 58 representatives from Latin
America and 95 delegates representing
U.S. Partners.
An article in the Washington News of
June 30 aptly entitled "New Program
Quietly Wins Latin Praise," by Virginia
Prewett, reflects the acceptance of the
Partners concept by our neighbors in the
hemisphere, and signals an additional
approach toward better relations among
all peoples concerned with mutual help-
fulness.
Mr. Speaker, I include the article in
the RECORD and commend it to all the
Members of the House:
From the Washington News, June 30, 1965]
NEW PROGRAM QUIETLY WINS LATIN PRAISE
(By Virginia Prewett)
We are so accustomed to hearing the loud
and angry voices of Latin America, often
those of propagandists and politicians, that
we almost miss the quiet ones. Today
throughout 11 countries, Latin Americans
without any dramatics, are telling their
countrymen about the success of a new pro-
gram called the Partners of the Alliance.
Under this officially sponsored program, 28
U.S. States have organized committees to
work with State or National committees in
Latin America. The American groups are
hard at work on specific Latin American
problems.
Doubters and scoffers who would like to
believe the American people are not inter-
ested in Latin America and not sympathetic
to their anxiety for better conditions of life
should take a look at the names on the U.S.
State committees.
HAVE KNOW-HOW
They are made up of our most serious and
effective citizens, representing many walks
of life. Nearly every name on the long lists
has a title or office that represents achieve-
ment.
These Americans are investing their
knowledge, their energy, and their influence
in helping Latin Americans help themselves.
Alabama is working with Guatemala, Ari-
zona with El Salvador, Colorado, a mining
State, with Brazil's great mining State, Minas
Gerais. Little Delaware is cooperating with
little Panama, Idaho with Ecuador, Michi-
gan with Colombia's Cauca Valley, Texas
with Peru * * * and so on down to Wyoming,
teamed with the State of Goias, Brazil.
The local news stories in Latin America
that are spreading the word about these ac-
tivities are not scare-head articles. But they
are many.
HEADLINES
When a group of Texans traveled down to
Lima, Peru, to spur activities, Limas La
Tribuna, organ of the mass party, APRA,
titled the story: "Texans Study Peruvian
Realities." Lima's Comercio Grafico head-
lined: "Texas 'Associates' of Peru Arrive."
Lima's La Prensa reported how the Texas
visitors met with Peru's free labor leaders.
Lima's Ultima Hors, published a box with
the head: "Texas Gringos Come To Lend a
Hand."
The Voice of Tarma is a small-town
paper whose type is still set by hand. The
secretary of the Central Peruvian Farm
Workers Federation, while on a visit to the
United States under the Alliance program,
wrote a letter to the Voice In which he said
"Americans have made a great nation by
sinking political differences in a common
cause." He advised Peruvians to do the
same.
Similar reports are multiplying through-
out Latin America as the partners in prog-
ress activities bear fruit. They are a power-
ful antidote against the Communist propa-
ganda that constantly hammers away at
R. POOL AT OAK CLIFF JUNIOR
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, DAL-
LAS, TEX.
(Mr. UDALL (at the request of Mr.
MACKAY) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, today I
should like to introduce into the RECORD
a speech delivered by my colleague, the
Honorable JOE PooL, Representative at
Large from the State of Texas. He de-
livered this address in Dallas, Tex., at
the Oak Cliff Junior Chamber of Com-
merce annual Fourth of July picnic. The
occasion was particularly timely, for thi,
speech indicates Mr. PooL's strong sup-
port of the President's policy in Vietnam.
and explains how vital the present pro--
gram is for the cause of freedom
throughout the world :
FOURTH OF JULY PICNIC, OAK CLIFF JAYCEES,
DALLAS, KIEST PARK
Today, we celebrate, for the 189th time,
the birthday of this great Nation-the festi-
val of independence-the commemoration of
the notion that every people has a right to
live under a government of its own choice,
to make its own mistakes, and achieve its
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 July 9, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 15741
own triumphs, free from dictation from out- are being asked on all sides. The answers nam-and which men of good will every-
side. have been written in American blood on where share, is a dream of a land whose
The, S Fourth, of July has been celebrated every continent, and they deserve to be re- people are allowed to live in peace and to use
14 a great many places, and under broadly peated today. their rich resources, with our help, with the
varying conditions..ft has been celebrated We are in Vietnam because the Vietnamese help of any nation that wishes to help, to
In quiet, prosperous times, when the very people and their Government have asked us meet the economic challenges that confront
thought of war was far from everyone's mind. for our help in their effort to preserve their them.
It has been celebrated in dangerous hours. independence. I say "their effort" because Let me again quote Lyndon Johnson:
Texan, and, Minnesotans 'alikecelebrated- it is the Vietnamese people who have borne "This war, like most wars, is filled with
and I think. they both honored the day in the brunt of this cruel war, and it is the terrible irony. For what do the people of
their own way-on the bloody slopes of Cem- Vietnamese people who are the major targets North Vietnam want? They want what their
etery Ridge in Gettysburg, a hundred years of the aggression which Hanoi and Peiping neighbors also desire-food for their hunger,
ago. We celebrated the Fourth of July in the have unleashed upon that country. This is health for their bodies, a chance to learn,
hedgerows of Normandy, 21 years ago. We not a civil war, in which two groups of South progress for their country, and an end to the
celebrated it in the mountainsides of Korea Vietnamese are merely struggling for control bondage of material misery." And they would
15 years ago. And Americans will be cele- of a government. It is aggression pure and find all these things far more readily in
brating the Fourth of July in the jungles of simple. It is aggression, planned in the peaceful association with others than in the
Vietnam this year. At each of. those Inde- north, directed from the north, supplied from endless course of battle."
pendence Day observations, the cost of inde- the north, and carried on by thousands of This is the promise that peace holds out
pendence, was underscored by the deaths of soldiers who have infiltrated from the north. to the people of North Vietnam. This is the
Americans in its service. The same could You can hear this aggression described as choice which they can make. This is the
happen again this year. "the Vietnamese people's struggle against alternative to war which this country stands
What moral can we draw from all this? U.S. imperialism." Well, the statistics show ready to offer if only the aggressors will stop
Do we shrug our shoulders and indicate that that the Vietcong have directed their killings their aggression.
death does not concern us, and that these and their terrorism largely against innocent, But if the aggression continues, America
wars in far-off, places are not as important as unarmed civilian men and women and chil- will continue to work with the people of
the cost of gasoline and the problem of dren in the villages of the South Vietnamese South Vietnam to stop it, to punish it, and to
getting a ticket to the ball game? I do not countryside. The Americans, even the South show that it will not work.
think so. Vietnamese Army, are not the chief target.
Do we say, as a great many Americans to- It is by killing and kidnaping civilians that And that aggression will not work is the
day are saying, that the continuing fact of these aggressors are trying to cow the people second great lesson which the world learned
War shows that all our past struggles have of South Vietnam into submission. in World War II. We learned that it must
been in vain? Do we repeat the old cliches Aggression? When thousands of North be stopped, and that the cost of stopping
about war never settling anything, and utter Koreans marched in full battle array over it increases at a greater rate as each day
profound sentences .about how ironic it is the borders of South Korea, there was no goes by. We have not forgotten that les-
that people are still dying? This, I think, doubt that this was aggression. And the son. But the world learned, too, that ag-
would be even more superficial, and even world reacted to it, and stopped it. When gression can be stopped--that ordinary men
more shortsighted. Nazi tanks roared Into the low countries in and women will make extraordinary sacri-
War, to be sure, is usually a demonstration May 1940 the world knew aggression was fices to stop it-that the force of independ-
that there has been a failure somewhere, on taking place. In Vietnam the only difference ence and freedom has not yet lost the me-
someone's part. But war does settle things. is in the time scale, and the visibility of the mentum which it gained on that Independ-
World War IL is a case in point. Now, 20 aggressors. They infiltrate across the ence Day 189 years ago. If Hanoi and Peip-
years after V-E Day, we are told that World borders, through back trails in small num- ing have forgotten that lesson, they are in
War II was somehow "fought in vain" be- bers, carrying simple weapons. They rest for a shocking surprise."
cause it didn't settle all international ques- and reform their ranks in the back country, In spite of debate, in spite of discussion
tions forever. Well, I don't know of any and they commit their depredations when and dissent-and 99 percent of that debate
responsible person who thought it would. it best suits them. This is sophisticated and discussion and dissent is the perfectly
But before we say World War II settled noth- aggression in the tactical sense, unsophisti- health demonstration of the fact that we
ing, I suggest we ask Hitler and Goering and cated in the technological sense, but it is still are a free people-in spite of it all the
Ilimniler whether it did or not. It settled, aggression in any sense. American people are united behind the Presi-
once and for all, the question of the Nazi General Giap, the leader of the North dent of the United States in his determina-
threat to liberty. And let no one think that Vietnamese Army has said, quite bluntly, tion to let aggression come no further. The
that was an empty threat. The Nazis were that "South Vietnam is the model of the na- leaders in Hanoi and Peiping who think
in dead earnest when they sang the march- tional liberation movement of our time. that an occassional speech critical of some
lag song of their party, the chorus of which * * * If the special warfare that the U.S. detail of the administration's policy, or as
ended, Today, Germany is ours. Tomorrow, imperialists are testing in South Vietnam occassional picket line in front of the White
the whole world." This Is that tomorrow, is overcome, then it can be defeated every- House means that the American people are
and neither the whole world nor Germany is where in the world." Let me repeat-"every- tired of defending their own interests in
theirs. That much-and it is no small mat- where in the world"-were General Glap's southeast Asia simply do not understand
ter-was settled by World War II. words. Americans-or free men everywhere. Of
And one other, perhaps even greater mat- There is the challenge of the 1930's again. course we complain. Of course, we offer un-
ter, was settled in World War II. From that If aggression can succeed in South Vietnam, solicited advice. Of course we freely tell our
war, and from the tragic events that led up it can succeed everywhere in the world ac- highest officials what we think they ought
to it, the world discovered a great truth- cording to General Glap. And history has to do. That is the way free men do things.
that freedom cannot be defended by pre- an unfortunate tendency to confirm his view. For nearly two centuries, the forces of tyr-
tending it is not threatened-that aggres- If we do not have the will to resist in South anny have looked upon the splendid dis-
slon cannot change its nature by calling Vietnam, if we find South Vietnam too un- array of American life and have thought that
itself something else-that the liberty of comfortable or too confusing or too far away, Americans don't march well.
each nation is Inescapably bound up with and if we lose our will to help these cour- They don't when compared to the iron
the liberty of every other nation. We were ageous people to help themselves, then the disciplined troops of authoritarian countries.
told, 30 years ago, that we could. not stand next challenge-which will come as sure as But for that same period of time, armies
aside and watch small nations swallowed up the sun rises-will be just as uncomfortable, from those of King George III to those of
by aggressors. We heard this, and we heeded just as confusing. But it may not be as far Adolf Hitler have been discovering to their
It not. We stood aside, The small nations away. surprise that these disorderly Americans can
were swallowed up, and eventually the ag- Lyndon Johnson has given the answer to shoot straighter than they can march. I
gressor made his intentions unmistakable- those who predict that we cannot stay the have a word of advice for Hanoi-typical,
at Pearl Harbor.. We stopped the aggressor, course in South Vietnam. And he has, at the American, unsolicited advice. Don't mistake
but at a cost many times higher than it same time, given the answer to those who us. We argue among ourselves and we en-
might have cost had we acted earlier. wonder what our goals are out there. "We joy it. Sometimes we argue and fight among
That mistake we have had burned Into combine" the President said, "unlimited ourselves when we don't really have anything
our minds, and that mistake we are not going patience with unlimited resources in pur- else to do. But, General Giap, tear yourself
to make again. And the degree to which we suit of an unwavering objective. We will not away from your dreams of "tomorrow, every-
have learned that lesson is being tested today abandon our commitment to South Viet- where in the world" for long enough to think
In the swamps and city streets of Vietnam. nam?" of this: Free men can criticize their leaders,
Fredotn g hardest lessen is, being tried on that We will discuss the Vietnamese situation and their leaders can profit from it. But
most . distant and uncomfortable of free- with any government that wants to discuss free men can defend the system under which
dom's frontiers, ., . ... it and is willing to help end the aggression they live just as vigorously and because they
"What,are we doing in Vietnam?" , "Why there. The President has made that per- can critcize it and try to improve it.
are we there, and what do we hope to get fectly clear. But we will not engage in nego- Some 189 years ago, on the first Fourth of
out of it?" "Can war in Vietnam really set- tiations as a cloak for surrender. July, in some parts of the infant Nation, a
tle anything?" These and similar questions The dream which we have for South Viet- flag was flown, showing the new country as a
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 15742
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 9, 1965
rattlesnake, carrying a slogan, "Don't tread
on me."
On this Fourth of July, we carry in our
hearts--and on our sleeves for General Giap
to read the slogan, "Don't tread on man."
So today, as we have been doing for 189
years, we renew our commitment to the
ideal of independence and freedom. We
once again tell those who think they can
make aggression profitable that we will not
have it so; that we are prepared to discuss
without conditions, an honorable settlement
which preserves the freedom and independ-
ence of the people of South Vietnam; and
we are also prepared to do whatever we must
to meet whatever challenge is hurled at us
or at them. And, again in the words of
Lyndon Johnson:
"We may well be living in the time fore-
told many years ago when it was said: 'I
call heaven and earth to record this day
against you, that I have set before you
life and death, blessing and cursing: there-
fore choose life, that both thou and thy seed
may live: "
"This generation of the world must
choose: destroy or build, kill or aid, hate or
understand.
"We can do all these things on a scale
that has never been dreamed of before.
"Well, we will choose life. And so doing,
we will prevail over the enemies within man,
and over the natural enemies of all man-
kind."
ers, who are in many ways the pack- nor lost his hope of an eventual reconcilia-
mules of our civilization, are to translate tion. This affirmative spirit is part of the
heritage that this extraordinary man--
the advances being made in nearly every writer, linguist and diplomat-bequeaths to
area of learning for the benefit of their the nation he helped to found.
students, the exhortations for teachers
to update and strengthen their skills Mr. Speaker, I mourn the death of
must be backed by sharply focused efforts Moshe Sharett for personal reasons. I
to furnish them with the means to do remember his kindness to me when I
so. This bill does just that. visited Israel in 1955 and 1958. I recall
The National Teacher Fellowship Act the gentleness of his spirit and keenness
also complements the recently enacted of his mind. I would like to extend my
Elementary and Secondary Education condolences to his family for their great
a great leaState of Israel
Act of 1965. In that legislation, for ex- per the loss of and
ample, there are provisions for the estab-
lishment and operation of educational
research centers around the country and
for the dissemination of the research
findings and their adaptation to class-
room use. By providing for financial
assistance through fellowships to permit
teachers to return to school on a full-
time basis we can be sure that these pur-
poses and objectives will be realized more
fully and quickly.
Most teachers, Mr. Speaker, are
deeply dedicated to the indescribably im-
portant tasks they perform, and this Na-
tion has oftentimes abused that dedica-
tion by expecting teachers to subsidize
the schools by paying out of their own
pockets, which under the best of circum-
st..nces are none ir,n full the cost of fur-
AH, WILDERNESS
(Mr. OLSEN of Montana (at the re-
quest of Mr. MACKAY) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. OLSEN of Montana. Mr. Speaker,
I think it is fitting to bring to the atten-
tion of the Members the present, and, I
fear, future plight of wilderness areas,
and the need to give them more protec-
tion and to create more of them for the
enjoyment of our fellow Americans, pres-
ent and future:
TRAFFIC LIGHTS NEEDED IN OREGON
WILDERNESS AREA?
TEACHER FELLOWSHIPS
(Mr. GILLIGAN (at the request of Mr.
MACKAY) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GILLIGAN. Mr. Speaker, the bill
which the gentleman, from Indiana [Mr.
BRADEMASI introduced on July 6, H.R.
9627, to award fellowships to elementary
and secondary teachers and those per-
sons whose professional roles are related
to the process of elementary and sec-
ondary schools, has, with but one minor
exception, my full and enthusiastic sup-
port. I have read and considered this
bill very carefully, and I find in it those
things which command my praise and
endorsement.
This bill is simple, short, and directed
to the single and exceedingly important
task of improving the quality of educa-
tion in elementary and secondary
schools. Approval of the bill by the
Congress will surely prove to be a most
worthwhile investment.
It. has been stated repeatedly that
there is a desperately growing need for
more elementary and secondary school-
teachers despite the efforts to meet this
need under such programs as provided friends of Israel as well as by all lovers
by the National Defense Education Act. of peace around the world. Moshe
H.R. 9627 complements these programs Sharett was a humanitarian as well as a
by making eligible for fellowships teach- statesman. Instead of inflaming rela-
ers, prospective teachers, and those per- tions with Israel's Arab neighbors, Prime
sons who wish to return to teaching on Minister Sharett sought ways in which
the elementary and secondary levels, and ameliorate outstanding problems and
others in related work. But equally im- forge a workable relationship.
t is the increasingly urgent con- The New York Times in an editorial
ortb
The can
chers
d t
i
e
f
.
ea
ne
for better tra
yesterday stated this very well: Avoid trampling mountain meadows.
re training most teachers have e Throughout his long struggle Sharett never Build as few fire pits as possible. Use old
received, , and which was commonly be- lost sight of the Intimate relationship en- fire pits rather than build new ones.
lieved to be adequate, is by today's stand- joined by history and geographic circum- Carry your own horsefeed.
ards grossly inferior in view of the shat- stance, between Israel and its Arab neigh- Don't tether stock in meadows.
tering developments of recent years in bors. Fluent in Arabic and proud of his
both the content of subject matter and friendships' with Arab leaders of an earlier Spread out camps and travel in small
instructional techniques. If our teach- generation, he never gave way to bitterness groups.
professional skills, and thus improving EUGENE, OREG.-If pavement, engines, and
the quality of education. This bill, like people are beginning to wear you down, there
others already made law, recognizes the is always the wilderness areas of the far
fact that this should not be. West for a refresher.
Or is there?
There is, however, one feature of the Go into a place like the Three Sisters wil-
bill which I would like to see changed derness area in the high Oregon Cascade
somewhat: More teachers than Mr. Range and what do you find?
BRADEMAS proposes should be awarded "More than 16,000 people were there last
fellowships, and correspondingly more year," says Larry Worstell, deputy supervisor
administrators, social workers, librari- of the Willamette National Forest.
ans, counselors, media experts, and the Nor was this an isolated example. More
than 86,000 persons last year entered the 12
others who would be eligible. I would wilderness areas set aside in Oregon and
like to see the proposed number doubled Washington. The problem is even worse in
or tripled. But most of all, I would like some other places.
to see this bill pass. "Wilderness use is increasing to the point
11
o
l
THE LATE MOSHE SHARETT
(Mr. SCHEUER (at the request of Mr.
MACKAY) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, I would
like formally to call the attention of this
body to the loss of a great world leader.
Moshe Sharett, Prime Minister of Israel
from 1953-1956 died in Jerusalem on
July 7.
e w
that it's a problem for both the peop
go to those areas for some degree of privacy,
and for those of us responsible for mainte-
nance of wilderness environment," Worstell
says.
And this in the areas set aside presumably
to preserve the wilderness for all time. In
these areas there may be no roads or motors
or hardly any evidence of civilization; man
may visit them but not stay.
Already they are talking about registration
so that hikers can lieep from trampling each
other.
In areas where man goes to amuse him-
self, away from regulation, more regulation
may be necessary.
Part of the problem is that much of the
wilderness area is in high elevations. It is
easy to ruin the beauty there. Grass can-
not stand much foot traffic. A mountain
meadow can disappear under a group of care-
less people or horses. A damaged tree may
take years to come back, if it comes back at
all.
Worstell has drawn up a list of what the
wilderness-seeker should do to preserve the
wilderness and forestall regulation:
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July 9,- 196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, APPENDIX A3647
tial for, service, performed between 6 and, 9 The record of Mrs. Whittall's benefac- Congress acquired a "quartet in resi-
a.m. when uies people begin work. tions is open for all to read and admire, dente, the Budapest String Quartet--one
"To get 8 hours rest, they must retire at but a brief summary may be in order of the world's great chamber ensembles-
8:15 ? p.m , even before their...children do.
After a full say's work they must go on to at this time. Her gifts to the Nation which played its first concert on Decem-
their second jobs. To make ends meet, they and its citizens through the Library of ber 8, 1938, and continued to use the
sap their strength, jeopardize their health, Congress began, publicly, in 1935, shortly Stradivari instruments for 23 seasons-
and forego the normal enjoyment of family after she had moved to Washington from until March 30, 1962. Beginning with the
life. Similar situations face many thousands Massachusetts. Widowed in 1922, she 1962-63 season, the renowned Juilliard
of night workers who report between 3 and had two great loves that sustained her String Quartet started to use the Strads,
12 p.m. Ix spirit-music and poetry. Before leav- and they have been the Library's resident
-DAY, ing New England, she had carefully group ever since.
"But unlike workers in private industry, formed, with the help of experts, a col- As further evidence of Mrs. Whittall's
postal employees receive no premium pay
for weekend and holiday work. ,Instead, they lection of musical instruments which is generosity, many additional ensembles
are given a day off during the week, with one of the world's most precious posses- and distinguished soloists were presented
many employees in business districts work- sions-three violins, one viola, and one under the auspices of the music founda-
ing a 6-day, 40-hour week, a condition up- violoncello constructed by that fabled tion bearing her name. Up to the time
heard of ~n ,private industry. master,' Antonio Stradivari, with five of her death, nearly 700 concerts had
"It's high time the Government paid its magnificent bows to match, constructed been offered by the Whittall Foundation,
own employees time and one-half for Satur- by the Stradivari of bowmaking, Fran ors ma
day work and double time for, Sundays and 4 ny of them broa, and countless
holidays, as is almost universally the case in Tourte. thousands enjoyed the aste pleasure that the
e
private Industry.
employ t ees want no less for their brThe late Herbert Putnam, then the Li- combination of great virtuosity and great
Arian
F , of Congress, was one of Mrs. music alone can bring.
children than orkers In outside industry. Whittall's close friends. As Mrs. Whit- Over the years, Mrs. Whittall contin-
That their wage gap, however, is very great tall herself once put it, "Dr. Putnam was ued to enlarge the foundation's endow-
and many years behind is substantiated by my inspiration." He encouraged her to ment, and at the outbreak of the Second
congressional committees and Government present these wonderful instruments to World War, she made it possible for the
At present, the average postal worker
boards. the Library of Congress, where they Library to purchase a superb collection
has, a dlm outlook with regard to savings, might be perfectly preserved and main- of autograph musical scores, privately
education for his children fn schools of high- tained. But since the Library is not a owned by a Vietnamese family, for
er learning, and other pressing necessities. museum, and since musical instruments which a home safe from the hazards of
He has little opportunity for relaxation. such as those assembled by Mrs. Whittall destruction in Europe was being sought.
"A 7-percent wage increase will help put only come to life when they are heard as This was the nucleus of what has since
hirri, almost on 4, par with, his fellow Ameri- well as seen, he also encouraged her to become one of the world's most awe-in-
cans. ` He isn't asking for the moon. He allow them to be used in concerts for the spiring collection of original manu-
just wants to serve with selfless devotion,
knowing that his Government appreciates his benefit of the American people. Mrs. scripts-the Whittall Foundation Col-
dedication, and recognizing his needs, pays Whittall needed no more than the sug- lection of Autograph Musical Scores and
him a salary commensurate with that in gestion-indeed, she needed no more Autograph Letters-which includes mu-
private Industry. than Dr. Putnam's. inspiration, since it sic and letters by Each, Beethoven,
"Postal and Federal employees eschew the may well be that the wonderful idea was Brahms, Haydn, Mozart, Mendelssohn,
right to strike, It is fitting and proper, her very own. Thus, in 1935, she did in- Schubert, and many, many others. st needs of see ants be the Jul ed and mettnee way that
deed present the Stradivari instruments Poetry and music had an equal share
will count re their paychecks. and Tourte bows to the Library of Con- of Mrs. Whittall's affection, and in 1950,
"Fora legitimate pay comparability we seek gross, where they were to be used-at her she provided the Library with the re-
enactment of H.R. 8663 by Representative express wish-to provide free public con- sources whereby the public could enjoy
ARNoxm OLSEN, of Montana, and for legiti- certs of chamber music to all who would the sister art in the same way as she
mate, overtime pay for Saturday, Sundays, hear; simultaneouly, she established had provided the resources for our citi-
and holidays for substitutes we seek enact- the Gertrude Clarke Whittall Foundation zens to enjoy music. Through the Ger-
ment of H.R. 2798 by Representative to assure the perpetuation of these activ- trude Clarke Whittall Poetry and Liter-
DoMlNrcis DANIELS, of Jersey City." ities. The first public concert in which
ature her wishes were executed took place in Fund in the s tory, she made it
possible for listeners to hear our best
the Library on January 10, 1936, with poets reading their own poems, our best
Gertrude Clarke Whittall the Stradivari instruments used-appro- actors interpreting the master drama-
priately enough-by the famed Stradi- tists, and our finest minds lecturing on
varius Quartet. literary subjects. She furnished the
EXTENSION OF REMARKS (t was quite characteristic. of Mrs. Library's attractive Poetry Room-
or Whittall to donate a room to the Library where her good friend, the late Robert
in which the instruments could be beauti- Frost, liked to meet his friends and view
HON. OMAR BURLE,SON , fully displayed when, they were not being the Capitol; she made it possible for the
of TEXAS played, and in 1937, the Whittall Pavil- Library to acquire manuscripts of such
IN THE HOUSE 00 REPRESENTATIVES ion-one of the Library's most handsome poets as Shelley, Dante Gabriel Ros-
Fritlay, Judy 9, 1965 settings for cultural events, was com- setti, A. E. Housman, and-one of her
pleted. Ever since then it has been used favorites-Edwin Arlington Robinson.
Mr. BURLBSON. Mr. Speaker, in my as the home, and thousands of Americans Although advancing years robbed her
years of service in the Congress, my re- and visitors to our country have paused hearing of much of its acuteness, she
sponsibilities as chairman of the Com- before the case in which, they are housed continued to attend almost every Whit-
mittee on Iiousp Administration. and as in order to admire their beauty and to tall Fund presentation, and her tiny,
chairman and vice chairman of the Joint speculate on the magic a master crafts- gracious figure, in her regular .seat
made ittea on the Library Perhaps thhave an can eadherought more than two cen- specially wired with a hearing aid, was a
familiar of my distinguished colleagues of Mrs. Whittall preferred the continu- of War and beians. one to generations
the She
was the great contribution to our country's ous use of the Stradivari Instruments by audience-and at the reception honoring
lture made by a great lady, Gertrude one group of musicians-a wise choice, playwright and cast-when Mark Van
Clarke Whittall, who died at the age of since only in that manner could the indi- Doren's "The Last Days of Lincoln"
97 on Tttesiiay, June 29, 1965. I there- vidual instrument be adjusted to the played on April 12, 1965; she was in the
fore feel his most appropriate. for me to needs and temperament of each artist, audience when the Juilliard String Quar-
pa tribute?Tto_,this extraordinary person, and only in that manner could the indi- tet gave its last concert of the 1964-65
wkhose gooc .wa' will continue as long vidual artist adjust himself to the needs season last April 23. She was a gre-
as the Library of Congress continues to and temperament of each Instrument. garlous person, who freely shared her
exist, thanks t0 tkre, foundations bearing The two must live together in order to own enjoyment of the arts with the rest
her name, which she established during make the finest music, she felt. As a of the audience, and especially with
her lifetime, result of this, tl?ought, the Librar
,y -,of young people, whose presence continually
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX July 9, 1965
delighted her. She was a frequent visi- position with AID a great understand-
tor to the Library's Music Division and ing of our Government and of our eco-
its Poetry Office, and she took a deep nomic system. As overseer of the U.S.
and genuine interest in its work. She budget, he perhaps had a greater ap-
was as much a part of the Library of preciation of economy and management
Congress as anyone possibly could be, and efficiency than any other person in our
in many ways, her ideal of service to the Government, with few exceptions,
country she lovedis a personification of When he was sworn into office, De-
the Library's own ideal of service. cember 22, 1962, he said:
On. December 4, 1963, the Commission- Any enterprise of the Federal Government
ers of the District of Columbia honored involving the use of public funds ought to
her with a citation for distinguished be managed with the highest prudence and
_ _. f,n,rrnlit.V
sioner Walter B. Tobriner in a ceremony
in his office. The citation stated that
"her gifts of music and literature to the
people of the United States, through
the Library of Congress, have brought
the arts into the lives of many Amer-
icans; have enriched the Library's col-
lections and extended its influence; and
have given the American people great
pleasures and pleasant experiences." It
would be difficult to improve on this suc-
cinct tribute, and I shall not attempt to
do so.
At the ceremony, Mrs. Whittall-
young in heart as ever--complained
mildly about the timing of the citation.
"I wonder why they didn't wait until I
am 100," she said. "My work is not yet
done." I am glad the Commissioners did
not wait, but she need not have worried
about her work. Thanks to her en-
lightened generosity, Mrs. Whittall's good
work will never be done, and she will con-
tinue to live in the affections of the peo-
ple of this country as a symbol of that
civilized devotion to the things of the
spirt which is as typically and character-
istically American as the Nebraska farm
on which she grew up. But as a person
she will be missed, for she was a great
person. We will not soon see another
such great lady again,
of the AID program, he made this prom-
ise a reality.
Under David Bell the foreign aid
budget has been pared to essentials.
This year's request was the lowest in
DETROIT, MICH.
Congressman CHARLES C. Dices,
Washington, D.C.:
Applaud call for Vietnam hearings.
Strongly urge you speak against McNamara
announced troop buildup.
DETROIT COMMITTEE To END THE WAR
IN VIETNAM.
A New Class To Lead the Poor
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, July 9, 1965
this history of the AID program.
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, Mr.
Not only has the AID budget decreased,
but AID funds have been better spent. Lawrence Fertig, a columnist for the
David Bell inaugurated a comprehensive San Francisco Chronicle, has written
new management improvement system an article on title II of the Economic
in AID, including new methods for more Opportunity Act which is certainly
effective execution of AID's operating worthy of close study by the readers of
and programing systems. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. His article,
He has tightenend personnel man- published in the San Francisco Chronicle
agement, reducing the number of em- on July 2, follows:
ployees by 1,140 in fiscal year 1964 alone. A NEW CLASS To LEAD THE PooR
curement Policies, thus saving the Gov-
ernment hundreds of thousands of dol-
lars.
Under Administrator Bell, AID's au-
diting practices have been revised and
overseas auditing services consolidated
at great manpower and financial savings.
By adapting electronic data processing
to the Agency's accounting and finan-
cial reporting requirements, David Bell
has saved hundreds of man-hours and
cut costs.
Country programs have been tight-
ened and some terminated, since David
Bell came to AID. A higher proportion
of -AID funds are going to fewer coun-
A Tribute to David E. Bell, Administra- tries-95 percent is going to only 31
countries, and two-thirds of develop-
tor of the Agency for International De- sent assistance is going to just 7
velopment countries. -
-
d
op
Reduced budgets and program an
He points out that the law is pitting the
EXTENSION OF REMARKS crating costs are only a part of David poor against everyone else. This almost
distinctions in office. But
nfiict which
c
l
of
HON. JIM WRIGHT
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, July 9, 1965
Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to take this time to speak a few
words of appreciation for David E. Bell,
Administrator of the Agency for Inter-
national Development. I regret that I
was absent from the floor recently when
a number of our colleagues paid elo-
quent tribute to this able Administrator.
When reminded that his tenure in of-
fice outlasted that of his predecessors,
Administrator Bell retorted that he con-
sidered this a "very minor distinction"
because he came to do a yob and not out-
last anybody.
I consider the job he has done a very
major distinction in one of the most dif-
ficult and most tumultuous positions in
the U.S. Government.
As Director of the Bureau of the Budg-
et, David Bell brought with him to his
o
ass
Bells major amounts to a phase of c
they are important ones--which have is a definite Marxian concept. It is in viola-
restored the confidence of Congress and tion of the principles which underlie a demo-
the American people in the foreign aid cratic, free-enterprise society.
program. And with the restoration of The originators of the Antipoverty Act were
that confidence has come better oppor on the horns of a dilemma. They did not
tunities to help the people of the devel- want expensive projects in every corner of the
oiling countries around the world. the o herahand they direfrom Washington. On
cted a patronage grab
by local politicians. So they decreed "maxi-
mum feasible participation" by poverty
re-- administration of antipoverty
U.S. PoY In funds. The result is the constitution of a
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR.
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, July 9, 1965
Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, the follow-
ing telegram is a typical expression of the
substantial concern in my district and
other places around the country about
our policies in Vietnam and the obvious
escalation of our involvement:
went to create and subsidize a special class
of people who have a vested interest in being
leaders of the poor? Is the public interest
served when a law encourages some people
to make a career of articulating the com-
plaints, the resentments, and the demands
of the so-called poverty group? title
This is the crucial question raised by
II of the Economic Opportunity Act-the
antipoverty law. This law provides that
those who are defined as poor (family groups
with incomes at $3,000 a year or less) must
have a participation In application of the
law which distributes these vast funds.
There must be involvement by leaders of
the poverty group, and these leaders are en-
couraged to promote action programs in
opposition to constituted authority.
Eleven mayors of large cities recently met
in Washington and expressed their deep con-
cern about this matter. The mayor of Syra-
cuse, N.Y., fears that the law will actually
new class whose roots are deep in the subsi-
dized poverty group and whose sole objective
is to wring from the Government maximum
concessions for their clients.
A typical organization set up to express the
involvement of the poor is mobilization for
youth (MFY), whose scandals rocked New
York and Washington some months ago.
This group spent more than $7.2 million for
a variety of programs during the past 2 years
to meet the problem of juvenile delinquency
on the lower East Side of New York.
As a result of their strange activities 26
public school principals protested that MPY
was making it difficult for them to teach
school. They asserted that George A. Brager,
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 July a 9, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX A3653
My wife, Dorothy, and I carne to Florida in areas today destroys independence and' 'to technological research and development,
194t faith in our with country y litle else eliminates challenge. military procurement, defense financing, and
p _ y anda, wonderful America became great not because she was _ the making of strategic decisions.
Once, peopled by supermen, but because of a sys These' interesting. proposals appear in the
always easy.
family.Thhi gsreo
e ss so even we
a
might start our first Thirftway Store. Of
coursQ, `I owe much to my family-to my
mother, who taught me to. study, to work
hard and to build a business that was based
not only on profit, but on product and serv-
ice, , She told me never to forget that this
Nation was built upon hard-won principles
of freedom And respect for my fellow man.
Her faith in me was and continues to be, a
driving force.
x,ikewise, the faith in me demonstrated by
other friends, such as Henry Colemary, of the
Colirmercial Bank, of Daytona Beach, resulted
in my getting financing for my first business
venture, My government, through your fine
agency, the Small Business Administration,
reaffirmed that faith, , If anyone had told
me 19 years ago that today I would have re-
ceived this award, I would have said that
life could not be this good; but faith works
wonder9, and'here I am.
went intp the, grocery business knowing,
of course, that everyone had to eat. I also
knew that just because they had to eat, they
didn't have to buy their food from me. So,
from my very first customer, Mr,, Arlie Card-
well, I have endeavored to treat everyone
with courtesy and, to merit their faith, con-
fidence, and support. .
Many people have helped me along the
way, not the least of whom was my first em-
ployee, Mrs.'Iantha Metts. From that time
our organization has been a team. Together
Through Mr. Hal Lively, a most helpful and
wonderful friend, I became associated with
a buying co-op in central Florida. This or-
.ganization and others provide the small
grocer with buying power and other services
which enable him to compete with larger
institutions which have their own buying
organizations. Throughout all of this, I
hasten to say that I have been guided by the
hand of the Almighty.
Thg challenge that has kept America
strong is a'cfiallenge to outdo ourselves-not
to outdo the other fellow.- There can be no
enmity in competition when the goal sought
is to better and outdo ones self. To ac-
complish this in our free enterprise system
requires a willingness on our part to be
bigger and better today than we were yes-
terday. If our free enterprise system is worth
anything, it is worth continually fighting for
and unless we're willing to do this, we don't
deserve to have a free enterprise system.
The rtrength'of America has flourished by
reason of faith in the freemen who are will-
ing to work hard. Thousands of businesses
such as the Commercial Bank and the Cer-
tified Grocers which I mentioned before have
been built upon this same faith. Over 90
percent of this Nation's business is classified
as, ,amail business and many of them hire
fewer than 100 people. As a small business-
man, I want you to know how much I have
been helped by the Small Business Adminis-
tration and I hope that I have justified your
faith in me. I am most grateful.
In view of the way things have been going
in some quarters, however, I would not be
human if I were not concerned about the
future. As a father, I want to do what I
can. to assure that 19 years from now my
children will have the opportunity to bene-
fit,from, the same faith, the same challenge
and the same. freedom that has helped me
so much, I cannot believe that the same
principles that were taught in Galilee nearly
2,000 years ago have suddenly gone out of
etyfe, I can't believe that any good can
cor from, trading freedom for security or
substityting cynicism for faith. Apathy,
which seems to,be the_ byword in so many
tern that permitted ordinary people like me
to achieve extraordinary things. The threat
to this system is great-both from outside
forces like communism, and inside forces
such as complacency and indifference. This
threat is the thing that concerns me. This
indifference, apathy and complacency can
be and often are as contagious as faith, hard
work and enthusiasm. Too often they seem
to be more appealing to too many people.
We must not lose our freedom by giving
it away. It is not too late to turn back the
tide to those principles which have been
such good guidelines for me and millions of
other Americans.
-Mr. Foley, this letter may not seem of any
consequence to you, although I believe you
are interested in the same principles about
which I write. However, I am going to cir-
culate copies of this letter not only to those
with whom I would like to share this -mo-
ment in the sun, but also in the hope that
some might read it who need to be reminded
that the last four letters of the word Ameri-
can end in two most significant words-I can.
Sincerely,
Republicans Adopt Cause of NATO
Unity
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CHARLES E. GOODELL
OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, July 9, 1965
Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, we in
the Republican Party are exceedingly
proud of the superb job accomplished by
our House Republican task force on
NATO and the Atlantic Community
under the chairmanship of our able and
distinguished colleague, PAUL FINDLEY, of
Illinois. Since their report, which was
fully reported in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD of June 30, 1965, on pages
14758-14761, there have been a number
of praiseworthy comments made by
prominent foreign policy experts in this
country and abroad.
I was particularly pleased to note that
the Washington correspondent for the
London Times, in the July 1 issue of that
excellent paper, reported enthusiastically
on the valuable task force conclusions.
I ask unanimous consent that the
London Times article be printed at this
point in the RECORD.
[From the London Times, July 1, 1965]
REPUBLICANS ADOPT CAUSE OF NATO UNITY-
STUDY GROUP URGES TALKS WITH GENERAL
DE GAULLE
WASHINGTON, June 30.-The Republican
Party today urged President Johnson to meet
President de Gaulle in Paris and to amend
the Atomic Energy Act if necessary to extend
nuclear cooperation with France. The party
looked back with favor upon the earlier
French proposal for a NATO nuclear di-
rectorate, and proposed the establishment of
a diplomatic standing group to provide
greater allied participation in NATO plan-
ning.
It suggested a NATO planning conference
as a first step toward full partnership in
NATO. The conference would address itself
report to the House Republican conference
of the party's factfinding mission on 'NATO.
Representative PAUL FINDLEY, of Illinois, was
chairman of the group, which spent 9 days
in Paris earlier this month.
At that time there was much good-
natured banter about the Republican Party
establishing diplomatic relations contrary to
the Logan Act, but the group, which had the
blessing of General Eisenhower, has produced
a well-reasoned if provocative report. It
might help in the reconstruction of the
party, and certainly provides a basis for con-
gressional debate when the administration
ceases to be mesmerized by Vietnam.
TRUE PARTNERSHIP
It says that the Atlantic area is neglected,
and requires immediate attention. The
changes since 1949 are at the heart of
American-European difficulties, and are so
fundamental as to demand a thorough re-
appraisal of American policy.
Western European dissatisfaction arises
from the present NATO structure, which
makes them rely on American strategic
capabilities and decision for the most basic
requirements of their national security.
They want a larger voice, and therefore Presi-
dent de Gaulle is not a lonely anachronism.
He rides powerful currents of European
opinion. He is the leader of the "loyal op-
position," and the forces that now threaten
NATO unity must first be dealt with in
Gaullist terms.
True partnership is the first requirement.
The European countries want to fulfill their
roles both in world politics and in' science
and technology. Instead of viewing this de-
velopment as an unfortunate, challenge to
American political and economic leadership,
the United States should welcome it as one
of the most hopeful aspects of the entire
postwar period.
JCc-
Organized"LaborSupports Strong
Vietnam Policy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HUGH SCOTT
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE, SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Friday, July 9, 1965
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I have
been most impressed by the strong sup-
port given President Johnson's policy of
firmness for freedom in Vietnam by the
great majority of organized, labor. They
have refused to go along with the many
confused voices emanating from cam-
puses and editorial rooms around the
country and, indeed, from this very
Chamber, who in the name of freedom
would surrender to the Red aggressors
the lives of untold thousands of South
Vietnamese. They are adding still an-
other shining chapter to their long his-
tory of opposition to tyranny. An edi-
torial published in the June issue of the
Journal of the Upholsterers' Interna-
tional Union of America, written by their
international president, Sal B. Hoff-
mann, points out that "organized labor
has been the strongest and most solid
supporter of our Government in its pol-
icy of aiding freedom wherever it was
threatened, whether in Berlin, Korea, in
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A3654 CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD - APPENDIX July 9, 1965
the Caribbean through Castro, in Africa.
in the Congo, in British Guiana and
Brazil, or in Vietnam in southeast Asia."
I ask unanimous consent that excerpts
from. this excellent editorial be printed
A the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the excerpts
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WHAT SAY YOU, SELF-STYLED LIBERALS?
President Johnson these days makes no
bones about the fact that in his efforts to
protect our Nation and defend liberty in this
period of international peril and conflict,
his greatest comfort is the solid support of
all organized labor, except for a few Whose
views are borrowed from liberalist advisers,
and his greatest trial is the Ceaseless and
frequently quite senseless clamor from the
loudest voices of campus, classroom, press,
and pulpit.
It seems clear to me, from reading the
record of the 84 years' history of our union
since its founding in 1882, and of our 65
years of affiliation with AFL, now the AFL-
CIO, that we of organized labor in the United
States have won our present 'unique posi-
tion of freedom and prosperity among the
workers of the world by adherence to a couple
of simple principles.
The first principle was that set forth by
Samuel Gompers, 84 years ago. Gompers
said that leadership of organized labor in
America must be placed firmly In the hands
of those into whose lives and thoughts had
been woven the experience of earning their
broad by daily labor.
Way back in the'1890's a radical and opin-
ionated Columbia University professor,
Daniel de Leon, challenged Gompers and
that principle and said that labor should
be led by people like himself and his little
Socialist Labor Party. His hero was Karl
Marx, who had died in England in 1883 after
proclaiming himself the prophet of the work-
ers of the world, although he had never done
a day's manual labor or earned a living for
his own family in his whole life.
Gompers won that argument in the 1890's
over Daniel de Leon and his Socialists, who
had set themselves up as directors of the
American labor movement.
Twenty years later, a Russian corporation
lawyer, Lenin, who also had never worked
at his profession or earned his own living
in any other way, announced that in addi-
tion to his dictatorship over the Russian
worker and peasant, he was going to take
over the American labor movement, which
he called Mr. Gompers' rope of sand. Gom-
pers won again, and Lenin and his would-be
dictators and their agents were outlawed
and their pirate crew made to walk the plank
by American labor, as demanded by the UIU
Journal in 1922. This lasted until some
ambitious labor leaders, in a hurry for quick
results, opened the gates of some unions to
a Lenin-Stalin crew in 1937. When the CIO
had also learned its lesson and outlawed
them In 1949. it made possible the reunion
of free labor of the world in the International
Confederation of Free Trade Unions, ICFTU,
internationally and in the merger of AFL
and CIO nationally.
Another principle of Samuel Gompers,
faithfully pursued by William Green after-
wards and George Meany today, was that
organized labor freely supported free enter-
prise and free government in time of peace
and its country in time of international peril
and conflict, especially strongly when it con-
fronted totalitarian aggressors and tyrants-
Hitler in World War II and Stalin and his
Chinese counterparts in Korea in the 1950's.
Only when our Government interfered in
a neighboring country for private and sel-
fish interests, as in Mexico in the 1920's, or
-dragged its feet on its promise to grant In-
dependence to the Philippines, or sought to
appease the aggression of dictators like Mus-
solini or Hitler in the 1930's and Stalin in
late 1940, did organized labor raise protest
against and ask amendment of our coun-
try's foreign policy, the conduct of which
the Constitution places in the hands of the
President, whom the people elect. In both
cases, American policy was modified to meet
organized labor's criticism.
Since President Truman, in 1947, pro-
claimed his doctrine of support of Greece
and Turkey and of any free people resisting
the Communist aggression, which had taken
over the role of Hitler after- his destruction
in 1945, organized labor has been the
strongest and most solid supporter of our
government in its policy of aiding freedom
wherever it was threatened, whether in Ber-
lin, Korea, in the Caribbean through Castro,
in Africa in the Congo, in British Guiana
and Brazil, or in Vietnam in southeast Asia.
When it became evident last February that
the Communists, who had been turned back
in their starvation blockade in Berlin and in
their open military aggression in Korea, were
succeeding in their new type of dirty guer-
rilla warfare aimed first at civilans, as per-
fected by the Chinese Communist Dictator
Mao, President Johnson changed the ground
rules which had given the Communists a
privileged sanctuary and threw in American
air and naval power to force them once again
to- truce and the peace table, as in the case
of Berlin and Korea.
The Executive Council of AFL-CIO, speak-
ing unanimously for organized labor, backed
our President to the hilt. When, last month,
the Communists moved in on one of the
century-long series of coups, revolts and
dictatorships in the Dominican Republic,
next door to Castro's Russian garrisoned
Cuba, and so-called rebels picked off the
entire police -force and fired machineguns
over the heads of American women and chil-
dren, President Johnson, after waiting thirty-
six hours for the reluctant and slow moving
OAS to act, sent in American Armed Forces
to stop mass murder and bloodshed. Again,
American organized labor spoke up through
AFL-CIO in solid support against the false
clamor of the Communists and their little
Sir Echoes about "imperialist intervention,"
etc., etc.
But as American labor speaks with a clear
and united voice in this critical and perilous
hour, where have the self-styled liberals, the
self-proclaimed proponents of civil and all
liberty everywhere, such as Americans for
Democratic Action, the clamoring students,
professors, clergymen, and editors of great
eastern newspapers, the commentators and
columnists, been? -
The sad answer is that, with all too few
honorable exceptions, in this hour of peril,
they have been giving their country's Presi-
dent and administration only criticism,
contumely, contempt and organized distrust.
Their voices where loudest have been raised
in confused pleas for appeasement and re-
treat in face of a deadly and propaganda-wise
foe, psychologically armed and prepared to
turn this deafening and ill informed clamor
to supreme advantage. They have given the
enemy and his cynical propaganda the bene-
fit of every doubt, their own country and
leaders and our allies and the men on the
fighting fronts, the benefit of none.
The spectacle of this shame of the intellec-
tuals has become a recurrent incident in
every international crisis our country has
faced in meeting the persistent hot and cold
war attack of the Communist aggressors since
1946. When I wired President Johnson our
union's general executive board's strong sup-
port of his and our country's policy in Viet-
nam and the Dominican Republic in early
May, text of which is to be found elsewhere
in this journal, I was compelled to indict by
name these strangely weak allies of ours.
There stands the record. When in 1943, in
the middle of wartime, Stalin, only a short
time before the willing ally of Hitler and
now only the grudging ally of the free na-
tions, an ally who had refused, until Roose-
velt gave him an ultimatum after Stalingrad,
to even let the Russian people know of the
flow of aid from United States and Britain,
this cruel dictatorial ally of ours crudely an-
nounced that he had executed Alter and
Erlich, the revered leaders of the Polish-
Jewish labor movement. U.S. labor in New
York held an anguished public protest.
President Johnson has learned a lesson that
Gompers taught and Truman learned, that in
the important struggle for freedom every-
where, the free wage earners organization is
the most reliable as a group force, and the so-
called intellectual the most unreliable except
as an individual on his merits. It is our faith
and observation that a bunch of workers fac-
ing a problem can rise to the level of the
wisest and most instructed leadership pres-
ent, while the intellectually privileged fall
to or below the level of the poorest mind and
loudest voice present.
This is some history and comment for our
members and the public at this time. We
voted in majority in full confidence in Presi-
dent Johnson last November. We are not
about to fly to opposition when the going
first gets rough.
Election Laws and Voter Participation
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, July 9, 1965
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, we are
currently debating in this body one of the
most historic pieces of legislation to ever
come before us-H.R. 6400, the voting
rights bill.
One of the best arguments for this
legislation is contained in the follow-
ing address delivered on April 2, 1965, by
Gus Tyler, assistant president of the In-
ternational Ladies' Garment Workers
Union, at the National Civil Liberties
Clearing House Conference held here in
Washington:
REMARKS ON PROBLEM OF ELECTION LAWS AND
VOTER PARTICIPATION, BY MR. Gus TYLER,
ASSISTANT PRESIDENT, INTERNATIONAL
LADIES' GARMENT WORKERS UNION-NA-
TIONAL CIVIL LIBERTIES CLEARING HOUSE
CONFERENCE, WASHINGTON, D.C., APRIL 2,
1965
No American need be told the significance
of the date: November 22, 1963. What hap-
pened on that date and on the 3 days im-
mediately following it will remain deeply
etched in our minds for the rest of our lives.
But precisely because of the momentous and
overwhelming nature of the tragedy which
befell us at that time, very few Americans
were aware, then or since then, of the issu-
ance, by a committee appointed by President
Kennedy, of a report which has great sig-
nificance for the future of our American sys-
tem of democratic government.
That report, which was originally to have
been presented to President Kennedy on
November 28, 1963, and which was presented
instead to Lyndon Johnson a month later,
deals with that most important single cog
in the machinery of democracy: the voting
system. The report was prepared by a group
known formally as the President's Commis-
sion on Registration and Voting Participa-
tion. The Commission consisted of 11 men
drawn from all sections of the Nation, from
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 July 9, 19 65 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
American Union. During this period, almost
singlehandedly, he transformed the largely
ineffectual Pan American Union into the
Organization of American States, whose
charter he largely wrote. Although Dr.
Lleras returned to Colombia in 1954, where
he proceeded to lead the battle against the
entrenched dictatorship of Gen. Rojas
Pinilla, his interest in hemisphere peace and
prosperity remained keen. When the Alli-
ance for Progress seemed to be faltering in
1962, the American Republics called upon
Dr. Lleras to diagnose its troubles and rec-
ommend remedies.
Today, Dr. Lleras is back to his first love,
journalism, as chairman of Vision, Latin
America's largest newsmagazine. He brings
to that position over three decades of inti-
mate knowledge of Latin American political
and economic developments. Hence, it is
with deep respect that I read his views on
Latin America's population growth and dis-
covered that Dr. Lleras shares my concern
about the effects of unbridled human re-
production on the future of the region.
In a Vision editorial on May 29, 1964, Dr.
Lleras wrote:
"We are having plenty of trouble even now
trying to develop our countries with our
present population level, and the figures
showing current economic growth virtually
melt away when they are divided by popula-
tion ggrowth. This being the case, the steadi-
ly rising deficiencies in employment, hods-
ing,,an other essential needs (such as pure
water systems and public health facilities)
will create a crisis of unimaginable propor-
tions 36" years hence.
"No one with governmental responsibility,
and very few without such responsibility,"
wrote. Dr. Lleras in his editorial-"have paus-
ed to examine this problem with the inten-
tion of suggesting solutions. No one has de-
clared that it is impossible for us to advance
to 600, million human beings blindly, when
there is as yet no possibility to feed them,
clothe them, shelter in. take care of their
sicknesses, and the misery."
THE OPPOS ON O ESCALATION
IN NAM
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, there
Is some speculation that the American
people, without much dissent, are pre-
pared to accept a major American war
on the Asian mainland. I do not believe
that this is the case. A large portion
of the American people do not believe
that a.majpr war on the Asian mainland
would serve our national interests. An
even larger proportion wish to preserve
the right of free discussion of alterna-
tives open to us in the Vietnam crisis.
These points are inade in excellent
editorials written by Lewis E. Hower, and
published in the Emmett, Idaho Messen-
ger-Index on June 10; by Drury Brown,
in the Blackfoot, Idaho, News of June 3;
and by Lee Ester, in the Idaho State
Journal on June 11. As Mr. Hower
There is a moral right in honoring a com-
mitment made in, good faith. There is a
moral right in defending a people who want
to be defended. But there is no moral right
@Y ex andin a war of doub
in dell rat 1 doubtful
vix'~ue or no other reason than that we
and the stamina w lack signal for total full-scale response. The
,. the uts
object In nuclear war is to wipe out every
,the atience
,
,
climb the more difficult and frustrating path possible fraction of the enemy's capability
of peace, immediately so as to diminish his nuclear
response. After the first bomb, no one can
I ask unanimous consent that these afford to wait and . see if there will be a
editorials be printed at this point in the second; there will be hundreds of them all
of the jungle fighting than the South Viet-
nam cadres of troops.
What reason do we have to feel the revolu-
tionary urge of the masses of people in
southeast Asia can be quelled?
Pearson compares the situation in south-
east Asia at the present time with the situ-
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15631
There being no objection, the edi- Who can say what reievance this has to
torials are ordered to be printed in the Vietnam?
RECORD, as follows: If step-by-step escalation of our own mak-
[From the Emmett (Idaho) Messenger-Index, ing ultimately leads to the commitment of
massive Chinese land forces on the other
June 10, 1965] side, we are automatically in a war that
EscALATION cannot be won without nuclear weaponry
American troops yesterday assumed a new on one side that is unavailable to the other.
role in Vietnam as combatants, under cer- Then what? Do we incinerate Red China?
tain conditions, rather than mere advisers Do we find out, in whatever brief moment
to the Vietnamese Government troops. might remain, whether Russia really would
And thus comes one more step in the es- respond in kind?
calation of a bloody, futile war which so far Or do we tuck our tail between our legs
slants toward one of two. unacceptable con- and tell China the Pacific is hers?
clUsions the humiliating retreat of American There is a moral right in honoring a com-
force and influence, abandoning southeast mitment made in good faith. There is moral
Asia to Communist pira*y; or the eventual right in defending a people who want to be
destruction of 20th century civilization by defended. But there is no moral right in
the ultimate exchange of nuclear holocaust. deliberately expanding a war of doubtful
The United States is dabbling at changing virtue for no other reason than that we lack
the universally understood rules of a very the guts, the patience, and the stamina to
risky game. We are listening too much, or climb the more difficult and frustrating paths
else not enough to the belligerents among of peace.
us who demand a military conclusion, now, to But if indeed it is essential that we must
the mess in Vietnam. We lack the resolve escalate the war, as the stupid duplicity of
to commit the massive, all-out military force a recent white paper would have us believe,
necessary for a quick military conclusion, then it is suicide to do it little by little,
and we are lacking the patience, forebear- always waiting to see if the next bomb will
ance, and delicate diplomatic skills without come from the other side.
which no real victory is possible. It will.
Victory in Vietnam cannot possibly be any-
thing less, or more, than a stable, strong, in- [From the Blackfoot (Idaho) News, June 3,
digenous government able to stand on its own 1965]
feet and solve its own problems. DISSENT BEFORE IT'S Too LATE
A quick, decisive deployment of massive In these days when it appears that the
military force could stop the fighting-and foreign policy line being pursued by Presi-
create more insoluble problems. dent Lyndon Johnson might have been taken
"But we are being neither decisive nor pa- from the 1964 campaign speeches of Senator
tient. We are dabbling in escalation. Barry Goldwater, it might be appropriate to
First by extending our bombing strikes emphasize some of the legitimate fears
into North Vietnam, and now by assigning aroused by this policy.
our troops to a combatant role, we invite and A statement of those fears, that is a case
soon will experience a counterforce sup- in point, was raised by the Drew Pearson case re-
ported by other powerful and interested na- port carried Wednesday morning in the
tions: Blackfoot News.
And then, it is presumed, we will meet Pearson says that present American policy
the counterforce by necessary step by step with regard to the war in Vietnam is cal-
small increments in our own commitment culated to bring us into head-on collision
of force. This is the essence of escalation. with the Soviet Union.
It slowly accelerates until the commitment He points out that in Russia there exists
on both sides becomes irreversible. It even- the same extreme rightwing in reverse that
tually evokes the total, all-out clash, the exists in the United States.
deperate destruction of powerful nations at The old ?Stalinists in the Soviet bureau-
war, cracy and in the Red army have the same
In Vietnam, irules. the United States which feeling of the inevitability of war between
is changing the We are adding the in- the Soviet Union and the United States, and
.crements. We are escalating the war. the sooner it is gotten to the better, that
Vivid is the wheny a trip just a little is held by the war hawks of the United
over 2 years ago o when General Smith, Direc- States.
for of Intelligence for our Strategic Air Com- d
and policy the in the response United to it
mand, turned the controls of his plane over ConduStates, ct says of f foreign
to the copilot and came back in the cabin in Russia resembles that of two small boys
to talk through along, starry night. spoiling for a fight, with each piling chips
The question then was whether
fashion. their shoulders and defying the other to
war r could be waged in a tit-for-tat fashioonn. , knock them off.
You wipe out one of our cities, so we rocket In the background hover the missiles
a bomb over and wipe out one of yours. The pointed at the cities of the Soviet Union
bomb, goes back and forth, bomb for and those pointed at the population centers
had tit for r tat, until both sides have the United States.
had time to reflect upon the unbeaxable con- nt Where can the escalation to the ultimate
sequences, and both conclude that that they hey must be reversed?
back down. Pearson points out that our policy of
I No General way No, could be. believed, that is not the bombing North Vietnam is not paying off.
way . One o or the e most
com- And reports from the battlefront verify his
vertibcould
le lessons of history is that once ce come conclusion.
mitment is made in war, nations do not Gfire knocked out two of our
back down until they are clearly beaten and Ground roun bombers yesterday. The out
rainy season is
exhausted, unable to carry on the struggle
where our overwhelming air
roachin
g
app
effectively. superiority will be nullified. Meanwhile, the
The first nuclear bomb flung in deliberate revolutionaries in North and South Vietnam
anger, the general concluded, is the certain show much more stomach for continuation
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15632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
ation of the North American Colonies in
1776 with regard to Great Britain.
With the success of the American Revo-
lution, the revolutionaries of the day have
in the history books become glamorized.
They appear to us to be nicer fellows than
the current crop now in ferment in Asia.
The sourcebooks, however, tell another
story. We don't read in the school textbooks
how the Tories of that day fared at the hands
of the American patriots. They fail to men-
tion how those loyal to the establishment
of King George and his law and order were
murdered, tarred and feathered, saw their
homes and barns go up In flames, and were
finally harried out of the 13 Colonies into
Canada.
There was nothing pretty about the French
Revolution that toppled the old regime.
Both revolutions had the common result
of overthrowing governments that had be-
come unpopular. So now we gloss over the
turmoil and pain caused the ruling order
that preceded them.
The days of white supremacy and the im-
position of order imposed by the white race
over the two-thirds population of the world
that is colored would appear to be doomed.
This basic fact leads me to wonder how we
get out of the mess in Vietnam.
This expression of thought may be un-
popular to many who read it.
Maybe I'm wrong, but I think it should be
said.
The time may be approaching when dis-
sent from what appears to be the official and
popular position will be impossible.
[From the Idaho State Journal, June 11,
1965]
To EXPLORE ALTERNATIVES
Many thoughtful and loyal Americans
have voiced outspoken opposition to this
country's policies In South Vietnam and In
the Dominican Republic. While they support
the President because they feel it is their
duty, others harbor grave doubts about esca-
lating the war in southeast Asia and about
intervening in internal affairs of a Latin
American nation, and they remain silent.
Still others wholeheartedly support what-
ever measures are necessary in both strife-
torn lands to subdue aggressive and rebel-
lious elements, thus to protect American in-
terests. Whatever their views, the holders
of these opinions remain Americans, free to
agree or disagree among themselves and free
to voice their approval or disapproval of
U.S. policies, all in good faith.
It Is distressing, then, to hear a U.S. Sena-
tor label as "defeatists" and "appeasers" those
who disagree with the policy of extending
the war in Vietnam. In a speech yesterday,
Senator THOMAS J. DODD, Democrat, of Con-
necticut, attacked a "noisy minority" that
is clamoring for U.S. withdrawal. "They
probably number somewhat less than 10 per-
cent of the total population," he said. "But
this minority of defeatists and appeasers, by
din of their incessant clamor, their seem-
ingly boundless energy, their hundreds of
newspaper advertisements, and the apparent-
ly limitless funds which fanaticism always
generates, have had an impact that is out of
all proportions to their actual numbers."
The Senator is thus implying that any-
one who favors an alternative to all-out war
wants to sell out our interests and those of
a nation to which we have made commit-
ments. He implies also that opponents of
U.S. foreign policy want to play into Com-
munist hands. Without doubt, there has
been Communist influence In some of the
"teach-ins" and the protests around the
country, but the Senator from Connecticut
would be hard pressed to prove that respon-
sible voices in Congress, including that of
Senator FRANK CHURCH of Idaho, and in
universities and elsewhere are in the least
inspired by communism.
- SENATE July
Indeed, the teach-in movement and the de-
bates on foreign policy may be inspired by
the uneasy feeling that there is what the
New Statesman, a British publication, calls
a "vacuum of ideas" in the higher levels of
U.S. policy planning. Recalling that Presi-
dent Kennedy "invariably consulted with a
wide variety of advisers within his intou-
rage--men skilled in the calculation, not only
of the direct military and political risks, but
in the effect of America's actions on the
movement of opinion and the clash of ideas,"
the New Statesman contends that now, "the
'civilizing' element no longer have full ac-
cess to the White House " * * Both in Viet-
nani and in the Dominican Republic, Presi-
dent Johnson and his advisers have resorted
to excessive military methods because they
lack the will or the ability to devise the (ag-
mittedly complex) diplomatic solutions
which these problems require." As a result,
the New Statesman noted, "the intellectual
debate over the use of force in American
policy has moved outside the White House
and into Congress and the newspapers. It
says much for the resilience of American
democracy that, although the Nation is now
committed to hostilities in two theaters,
many Congressmen, journalists and leaders
of public opinion, openly and fiercely con-
test the wisdom of President Johnson's ac-
tions."
While he may disagree with those who
disagree with the President, Senator Donn
has no cause whatever to impute unpatriotic
motives to those who take issue with policy
and with prevailing opinion. For the great
debate is to explore and possibly to pursue
alternatives, and not to sell out.-L.E.
CONTINUED DECLINE OF THE U.S.
MERCHANT MARINE
Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, the lead
editorial in the Washington Evening
Star of Tuesday, July 6, calls attention
to the continued decline of the U.S.
merchant marine.
The editorial points out that even
with substantial Federal subsidies for
ship construction costs and seamen's
wages, our labor costs are pricing us out
of the world market. The title of the
editorial-"Killing the Golden Goose"-
is particularly appropriate in this case.
Incessant wage demands and strikes
in this industry will result in the virtual
disappearance of American commercial
shipping from the high seas. I may
add, Mr. President, that this trend is
not confined to the merchant marine.
Proposals before this Congress would,
if adopted, in effect legislate further
wage increases throughout major seg-
ments of the economy, and thus might
have the effect of reducing jobs. These
proposals deserve the most careful
study, in view of the burden already
placed on our economy to maintain
stability and continued growth without
inflation.
I commend this editorial, and ask
unanimous consent that it be printed in
the RECORD, for the wider distribution
it deserves.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows :
[From. the Washington Evening Star, July 6,
1965]
KILLING THE GOLDEN GOOSE
It doesn't take a great deal of acumen to
perceive that the United States merchant
marine is on the skids. In 1949 we had 3,421
ships in our merchant fleet. By last year
9, 1965
the number had declined to 2,529, despite a
variety of Government subsidies in construc-
tion and operations adding up to $380 mil-
lion annually.
America, originator of some of the most
admired commercial vessels in history, in-
cluding the nuclear ship Savannah, the war-
time mass-produced Victory and Liberty class
ships, and the beautiful 19th century clip-
pers, now is fifth-rate in merchantmen. Even
Norway has more tons of shipping afloat.
One doesn't have to look far for the rea-
sons. Labor costs are pricing us out of
the world market, despite Federal outlays
that pay 55 percent of original ship con-
struction costs and 72 percent of a subsidized
seaman's wage.
With that kind of background, one would
think the seafaring unions might cast a look
into the future now and then, wondering
if their fierce resistance to automation and
their incessant wage demands would reduce
jobs even further. One would think that
this would be the case. But in New York
City the Marine Engineers Beneficial Asso-
ciation seems to be doing its best to dispel
such notions.
Because of its current strike against five
leading American steamship lines, departures
of major passenger liners have been can-
celed, including that pride of the fleet, the
United States. The 3,000 travelers with
reservations are heading for foreign ships or
airlines. And at least one union colleague,
Joseph Curran of the National Maritime
Union, has pointed out that allowing these
vessels to sail would have in no way ham-
pered the strike or negotiations.
"A kick in, the face," Mr. Curran calls the
tieup of passenger vessels. It is worse than
that, it is an outrage. With the tourist
season now at its height, the scramble of
these passengers to foreign carriers will not
only sow ill will for future years but also
will aggravate the balance-of-payments
problem.
In his state of the Union message Presi-
dent Johnson pledged a "new policy for our
merchant marine." That has yet to appear.
And it becomes increasingly hard to fathom
just what Uncle Sam could do in the way
of new subsidies or automated ships that
will rescue the merchant fleet if the in-
transigent seamen's unions continue to
whipsaw the industry with senseless strikes.
THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT FILM
"PHOTOSCENIC AMERICA"
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Stewart
Udall, has again demonstrated his bias
against the South, this time with the
scissors, in editing the South out of the
Interior Department's new film entitled
"Photoscenic America." I call to the at-
tention of Senators an article, from the
News & Courier, of Charleston, S.C.,
dated July 8, 1965, and entitled "South
Slighted in Tourism Film." The article
points out that the film, which is de-
signed to promote tourism in America, in
accord with the President's recent plea
with Americans to travel here, rather
than abroad, because of the gold out-
flow problem, was originally 65 minutes
long, and was cut to 24 minutes. A Udall
aid is quoted in the story as stating it
"just happened" that it was the South
that wound up on the cutting-room floor.
Mr. President, many of the best tourist
attractions in this country can be found
in our Southland. The State of South
Carolina abounds with beautiful tourist
attractions, as do the States of Florida,
Virginia-in fact, all of the Southern
States.
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J2t~y 9, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL ' RECORD - SENATE
Mr. Udall 'went out of his. way, a few
years ago, to try to bar the Fouke Fur
Co., of Greenville, S.C., from its long-
time contract with the Interior Depart-
inent for processing Alaskan sealskin
furs simply because this firm decided
that it would prefer to operate in Green-
ville, S.C., rather than in St. Louis, Mo.
Thanks to the. General Accounting Office,
we were able to get Mr. Udall reversed
on that prejudicial decision against the
State of South Carolina and the South.
During the past 2'weeks, I have twice
called to the attention of the Senate
an attempt by Mr. Udall to try to block
a private enterprise venture in South
Carolina, which would bring $700 mil-
lion into the construction of a power-
generating complex in. an area of our
State which has been tabbed, by the
Johnson administration as poverty
stricken}.
Mr. Udall, keeps crying about prejudice
and bias. It is time, Mr. President, that
he wipe the mote out of his own eye, and
try to help step up the South, rather
than continue to step, on the South. I
ask unanimous consent that an article
on this'subject, from the News & Courier,
and another one, from the Washington
Daily News, be printed at this point in
the RECORD, in my remarks.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follow;
[From the Charleston (S.C.) News & Courier,
::July 8, 19651
SOUTH SLIGHTED IN TOURISM FILM
(By Roulhac Hamlilton)
WASHINGTON,--resident Johnson's invita-
tion to American citizens to visit the United
States apparently doesn't include the old
Southland-at least not as fat, as Interior
Secretary Stwart L. Udall is concerned.
If one is to be guided by a film sponsored
by the Interior Department to encourage
"see America First" tourism, there isn't any
South, except for a couple of places called
Miami Beach and San Antonio, Tex.
The film, called "Photoscenic America" is
being shown five times daily in departmental
auditorium here for the specified purpose of
getting people to heed the President's bid-
ding that they stay cut of Europe and see
their own homeland to help cure the-balance
of payments.
The strip plainly bears the stamp of Udall,
a former Arizona congressman who notori-
ously detests the South. Except for Miami
Beach and San Antonio,, mention of any
spot south of the Mason-Dixon line is con-
spicuously absent in the Interior Department
film..
There,are shots of Niagara Falls, Death
Valley, New York, Boston, Washington, Phila-
dephia and the Liberty Bell. The narrator
`takes you westward to Chicago, briefly south-
ward to San Antonio and the Alamo, then
west again to San Francisco's cable cars and
Chinatown, and to Disneyland. Inexplicably,
the narrator jumps across the continent to
"lush Miami Beach," and then back to the
Nation's northernmost and, westernmost ex-
tremes, Alaska and Hawaii.
But no mention of Virginia's historic
landmarks, not even George Washington's
Moult _Vernpnh, nor Thomas Jeff'ergon'a.
Uonticeilo, nor Robert E. Lee's Arlington.
No mention of historic Charleston, now a
great naval bastion, nor of New Orleans. No
mention of the beautiful and timeless Great
Smakies, nor of famous Cape Hatteras, No
mention. of, booming Atlanta, the metropolis
of the South-nor of Cape Kennedy, the
launching platform for the Nation's space
spectaculars.
Mention. of Harvard, In "old and charming
Boston," there is. But there is no mention
of the oldest State universities-Georgia and
North Carolina-nor of William & Mary, the
Nation's second oldest college, nor of the
College of Charleston, the oldest municipal
institution of higher learning.
But there was "no intent. In all" to slight
the South, a Udall aid insisted. The aid
piously explained that the film, produced by
Eastman Kodak Co., originally ran 65 min-
utes and had to be cut to 24 minutes. It
"just happened," he surmised, that it was
the South which wound up on the cutting
room floor.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News,
ONLY MIAMI BEACH AND SAN ANTONIO: "SEE
AMERICA" FILM SKIPS OVER SOUTH
(By Cordelia Ruffin)
President Johnson's invitation to Ameri-
can citizens to visit the U.S.A. apparently
doesn't include the old Southland.
At least not if one is to be guided by a
film strip produced by Eastman Kodak,
sponsored by the Interior Department and
being given five showings daily at the De-
partmental Auditorium through July and
August.
The film is called "Photoscenic America,"
and conspicuously absent is any mention
of any spot south of the Mason Dixon line,
except for Miami Beach, and San Antonio,
Tex.
The film opens with shots of some of
America's scenic wonders-Niagara Falls,
Death Valley-and then moves to New York.
From there the narrator takes us to "old
and charming Boston", then Washington,
"nerve center" of America, and Philadelphia
and the Liberty Bell, "reminder of our
heritage". The narrator then veers west-
ward to "Carl Sandburg's Chicago * * *
hog butcher of the world." He steers briefly
southward to San Antonio and the Alamo,
and then west again to., San Francisco, its
cable cars and Chinaton, Disneyland, and
back east to "lush Miami." We wind up
with a trip to Alaska and Hawaii;
No mention of Virginia and its historic
landmarks, Williamsburg and Jamestown.
Not even Mount Vernon. No mention of
Jefferson's beautiful Monticello, or his
University of Virginia or William & Mary,
second oldest college in the land. And
what about Civil War battlefields-Manassas
and Bull Run?
What about Charleston and New Orleans
and the Great Smokles?
There was "no intent at all" to slight the
South, a surprised Interior Department aid
said, when the subject came up. The film,
originally 65 minutes long, had to be cut to
24 minutes, and lots of cities got left out, he
said.
A representative of the Virginia State
Travel Association here seemed mildly put
out when she heard about it. There were
more Virginians at the "See America first"
promotion meetings than any other Ameri-
cans, she said. Her association has a 15-
minute film on Virginia and her suggestion
was to use it to "supplement" Photoscenic
America.
"Everybody knows Williamsburg is the
main attraction in the East," she said.
One can understand the Government's
reluctance to promote travel to trouble
spots such as Selma, Ala., or Philadelphia,
Miss. But then there's trouble everywhere.
Who's in the mood for Geneva, on the Lake?
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, on the
subject of the Bonneville Power Adminis-
tration, misinformation seems to grow
like weeds, while the facts -trail behind,
like a one-legged man. with a rusty hoe.
Recently, the Ogden Standard-Exam-
iner summarized in one editorial all the
misinformation attempting to prove that
southern Idaho should not have the ac-
cess to Federal power afforded the rest
of the Northwest. The editorial was
cogently answered in a letter to the edi-
tor by Charles. F. Luce, BPA Adminis-
trator.
In the interest of setting the record
straight about a question of great im-
portance to Idaho, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed at this point in the
RECORD the _ pertinent portions of the
Ogden Standard-Examiner editorial of
June 6 and the letter of reply from Mr.
Luce.
There being no objection, the excerpts
from the editorial and the letter were
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
BONNEVILLE PQwFA ADMINISTRATION TRIES
SOUTH IDAHO ATTACK AGAIN
During the last 7 fiscal years, the Bonneville
Power Administration has shown an operat-
ing loss of more than $67 million.
This deficit has been made up from the
Public Treasury.
- This means that the BPA has been sub-
sidized by taxpayers to the tune of nearly
$10 million a year since 1958.
But has this red ink operation phased the
public power advocates?
It has not. They are still pushing Con-
gress for authority to extend the Bonneville
Power empire into southeastern Idaho-an
extension that would mean even more losses
to be made up from more taxes.
Accordingly, we believe the people of Utah
should understand the full picture-and the
reasons why "cheap" power, like EPA wants
to peddle in south Idaho, isn't cheap for the
taxpayers that. have to foot this agency's
bills.
Specifically at issue is a request by BPA
for $1 million. to survey and design a high-
voltage powerline. It would begin at McNary
Dam in regon and terminate at Alexander,
in southeastern Idaho.
Total cost to build the line, with associated
switching stations and other installations,
would be $132 million, engineers estimate.
The $1 million request was turned down
last year by the House Appropriations Com-
mittee, which suggested that BPA work out
"wheeling" arrangements with private power
companies instead of building its own expen-
sive line.
Such "wheeling" contracts are already in
wide usage in many sections of the country.
Power generated, at Flaming Gorge Dam,
north of Vernal, is delivered to, so-called pref-
erence customers-municipal power setups
and rural electrification systems--over Utah
Power & Light Co. lines for a fixed, nominal
fee...
Several communities in the Golden Spike
empire obtain their power supplies through
such an arrangement.
But attempts by the Idaho Power Co. and
Utah Power & Light Co., the private utilities
operating in southern Idaho, to work out
"wheeling" deals with Bonneville Power Ad-
ministration. have failed.
So the BPA. asked Congress again this year
for the $1 million to prepare its plans on the
$132 million Oregon-Idaho line.
.Hearings have been conducted in Washing-
ton by subcommittees in the House and Sen-
ate. Neither subcommittee has made a rec-
ommendation yet.
During the Senate hearing, spol4esmen for
both Utah Power and Idaho Power explained
the difficulties in getting together with BPA
on the "wheeling" arrangement.
Vice President E. A. Hunter, of Utah Power,
said his company could not "accept a re-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 9t 1965
quirement for wheeling power to any of our
industrial customers that might be taken
over by Bonneville Power. We do not want
to give BPA a hunting license * * * "
Vice President Robert F. Ball, of Idaho
Power, told the Congressman that there is
"not a single unnerved customer" in south
Idaho.
BPA, Mr. Ball charged, was intent on
"pirating" the industrial customers of the
privately owned utilities by providing tax-
free power that was produced and distributed
at a loss.
The utility men cited a contract offered
by BPA to Monsanto Chemical at Soda
Springs. A huge block of power would have
been delivered at a rate of 2.2 mills per
kilowatt-hour, if the Government had built
its lines. Private rates admittedly are high-
er-taxes alone paid by the companies
amount to about 3 mills per kilowatt.
To charges that Monsanto could not ex-
pand without public power, the U.P. & L.
spokesman cited a recent agreement which
he said was favorable enough to permit the
chemical firm to start construction on a new
phosphate unit and plan another future ex-
pansion.
At the hearings this year' and in 1964,
Bonneville Power claimed the 500-mile line
was needed to assure the future power needs
of existing preference customers and to en-
courage more rapid development of the
south Idaho phosphate resources.
The private companies, in turn, said they
would contract with BPA to deliver all
power needed by existing preference cus-
tomers for the next 20 years. But they
would not be bound to deliver public power
to non-preference industrial users who to
buy from EPA would have to discontinue
service from either Idaho Power or Utah
Power.
Against the $132 million cost of the BPA
line, the two utilities said they would "wheel"
all the power needed by preference customers
for $1.7 million a year, averaged over the next
20 years.
BPA estimated its line construction and
operating costs during those same 20 years
at $1.23 million-$89 million more than under
the private companies' proposal. The pri-
vate utilities' plan would result in a savings
equal to $89 for every man, woman and child
in Utah.
In addition, the two investor-owned utili-
ties would be paying taxes of their own.
An extensive analysis of the background
and developments of the Bonneville Power
Administration's attempt to invade south
Idaho has just been published by the Coun-
cil of State Chambers of Commerce in Wash-
ington.
The council's research director, Eugene
F. R:inta, described the proposed BPA Ore-
gon--Idaho line was "completely unneces-
sary and wasteful."
We argee that it would not only dupli-
cate private company facilities with Federal
lines, but would waste economic resources
through higher cost power transmission than
is available through existing, taxpaying
sources.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION,
Portland, Oreg., June 16, 1965.
EDITOR, OGDEN STANDARD-EXAMINER,
Ogden, Utah.
DEAR SIR: Your editorial of June 6, "Bon-
neville Power Administration Tries South
Idaho Attack Again," has just come to our
attention. We believe that it contains seri-
ous errors of fact.
Briefly, these are the facts:
1. BPA does not cost the taxpayers a sin-
gle penny. On the contrary, it represents
a wise and prudent investment of public
funds that has brought large returns In
strengthening national defense, conserving
resources and building the economy of the
region and the Nation. From the beginning
of our operations in 1938 we have returned to
the Treasury more than $1 billion. EPA is
still ahead of schedule in repaying, with in-
terest, the Federal investment in Northwest
power facilities. Our annual deficits in the
past few years have not eliminated our over-
all surplus position.
2. We are not requesting funds for a line
to southern Idaho for the purpose of serving
industries. The House Appropriations Com-
mittee of Congress has specifically directed
us to serve "preference customers only" in
that area. We have honored this directive
in all our negotiations with the Idaho and
Utah power companies.
3. The estimated cost of the line is $73 mil-
lion, not $132 million as your editorial stated.
4. We have diligently sought a wheeling
agreement with the Idaho Power Co. which
would eliminate the need for a Federal line
to southern Idaho. Inability to reach
agreement on one crucial point-that of
service to future preference customers-has
forced us to seek funds for a Federal line.
The company insists that even if citizens of
a municipality in southern Idaho by major-
ity vote decide to acquire a municipal elec-
tric system they cannot buy power from the
Federal Government. We have offered to
sign the same kind of wheeling contract
Utah Power & Light Co. signed about 2 years
ago with the Bureau of Reclamation for
wheeling upper Colorado power. That con-
tract provided wheeling service not only for
preference customers presently served by the
Bureau, but future preference customers as
well.
5. We have offered to build a 500,000-volt
line jointly with the Idaho and Utah com-
panies. We would build to Anaconda,
Mont., where we already have a 230,000-volt
line and substation. The companies would
build the rest of the way into southern
Idaho and lease to us about half the capac-
ity in their section of the line. Thus there
would be no Federal line In either company's
service area.
6. Such a line Is needed. Your editorial
suggested that the proposed Federal line
would duplicate private company facilities.
This is not so. While we have sufficient
power on our main system to meet the grow-
ing needs of the preference customers in
southern Idaho, adequate transmission ca-
pacity is lacking. Either the private com-
panies must build it, and lease capacity to
us, or we must build it. The need for a
500,000-volt line in the area was further
established by the Federal Power Commis-
sion's National Power Survey, participated
in by all segments of the electric utility
Industry, including the private power com-
panies.
Sincerely yours,
CHARLES F. Luca,
Administrator.
SUPPORT OF THE ADMINISTRA-
TION'S EFFORTS TO ABOLISH THE
NATIONAL ORIGINS QUOTA SYS-
TEM
Mr. HART. Mr. President, the Sun-
day, July 4, issue of the Louisville Cour-
ier-Journal included an inspiring edito-
rial in support of the administration's
efforts finally to abolish the national
origins quota system.
It was, indeed, an appropriate subject
for editorializing throughout the land
on our Independence Day, for we are a
nation of immigrants, and it is long past
the hour for this biased and narrow sys-
tem to be abolished.
I am hopeful, Mr. President, that the
Judiciary Committees of the two Houses
will complete their work on the bill
which Representative CELLER, myself,
and many of our colleagues have intro-
duced, so that the President can sign this
historic measure as one of the many
outstanding accomplishments of the first
session of the 89th Congress.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the edito-
rial was ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
[From the Louisville Courier-Journal, July
4, 19651
How To PICK NEW CITIZENS FOR AMERICA
What is the best basis for admitting immi-
grants to the United States? Should we give
preference to people simply on the grounds
of the nation they come from? Or should
we open the way to two special groups, those
with skills that are needed in this country,
and those with close relatives already living
here?
The old system of national origins has been
used since the immigration bill of 1924. It
set quotas for each nation based on the
proportion of people from that country who
had already come here.
We thus assume that-a man is desirable
because he comes from a certain country,
regardless of his other qualifications, and
undesirable because he comes from another
land. Quotas from Ireland, Great Britain,
and Germany are never filled. Meanwhile,
people from Spain, Italy, and Greece can
only put their names on an endless waiting
list.
The administration in Washington wants
to substitute a more reasonable formula. It
would use all present 158,000 quota places
each year, plus perhaps 8,000 more, but ap-
ply them to people with special qualifica-
tions. Doctors, nurses, and skilled techni-
cians in many fields would get high consid-
eration, since they are in short supply here.
Parents of people who have already migrated
here would also be favored. All the present
standards of health and political accepta-
bility would still be kept.
An immigration bill is being hammered out
in a committee of the House. Some of the
details are still to be determined. The first
principle will be, however, to get rid of the
antiquated national origins system, and put
in its place a system that rests on the current
needs of our spcietyr, The reform is long
FREE E=C=10XS IN VIETNAM
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, in a
speech which I delivered in the Senate
on June 24, I called for free elections to
be held in South Vietnam. I was pleased
to see that the idea of holding free elec-
tions in Vietnam was discussed in an
article published in the current issue of
the Saturday Evening Post. The article
was written by the well-known columnist,
Stewart Alsop. Mr. Alsop correctly con-
cluded:
The risks are real. Even so, there is one
very good reason for accepting them. A pro-
posal for internationally supervised free elec-
tions in Vietnam would reaffirm the old
American notion that the people of a country
have a right to decide what kind of country
they want to live in.
I ask unanimous consent that the
article be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
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July 9, 1965
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENA'T'E 15635
- VIgrSIAM:. FREE ELECTIONS?.
(By Stewart Alsop)
WASAINerole. What Would happen if
really free and secret elections were held, 1n
Vietnam today? Would the Communists
win?
These questions may seem academic, as
the nasty little war in Vietnam gets nastier.
And yet, as this is written, the possibility of
?proposing internationally supervised free
elections, either in all of Vietnam or in South
Vietnam alone, is being seriously pondered
at the highest administration levels. Some
such proposal may have been made even
before thesewords are published. Or in the
end nothing may come of all the pondering.
But the fact that the possibility of propos-
ing free elections is being seriously consid-
?ered is significant in two ways.
It means, in the first place, that the ad-
sninistratlon policymakers really believe what
they say-that the Communists, at least in
South `STietnam, have the support of only a
small minority of the people. In the words
of William Bundy, Assistant Secretary of
State for the Far East: "It is clear that * * *
the great mass of people of South Vietnam
do not wish to-be ruled by communism or
from Hanoi." Secretary of State Rusk and
other administration spokesmen have said
much the same thing.
It means, in the second. place, that the
more "thoughtful policymakers are belatedly
worried-and with reason-by the harsh fact
that in a very important segment of the
American population the Vietnamese? war IS
the least understood and the most unpopular
war of modern times.
The President likes to carry public-opinion
polls in his pocket, the way another man
might carry a rabbit's foot. Often he pulls
the polls out of his pocket to prove the wide-
spread public support for his Vietnamese
policy. And, of course, the polls are accurate
enough. The students and professors who
are leading the campus revolt against the
Vietnamese war are a minority even on the
campus.
Yet these people, plus the off-campus lib-
eral-intellectuals, are influential .out of all
proportion to their numbers. As the United
-States gets more, deeply involved in the ugly
war, their influence Is likely to multiply.
And it is highly significant that this liberal-
Intellectual-academic revolt is the, first seri-.
ous revolt since before the Marshall plan era
against the consistent postwar American pol-
1cy of containing communism. There was
nothing comparable at the time of the Berlin
blockade and the airlift; or the Korean war;
Or the second. Berlin crisis and the Cuban
missile crisis, in both of which President
Kennedy made clear his Intention to risk
nuclear war if necessary.
Then why has the effort to contain com-
munism in Vietnam aroused such a wide-
spread and deep-rooted rebellion in liberal-
intellectual-academic circles, There are var-
ious obvious reasons. Nasty little wars are
.never popular. There are Communists and
fellow-travelers on the campuses, and there
are credulous and misinformed academic
dunderheads too.
But it is not enough to dismiss the angry
students. and professors as fellow-travelers
and dunderheads. The revolt goes a lot
deeper than that. No doubt Lyndon John-
son's personal style has something to do with
it-the never.. cottoned to intel-
lectu'al and academic types, nor they to him.
And the Dominican crisis reinforced the to-
tally inaccurate .notion that the President
(who is "by nature more cautious, than his
predecessor) is an impulsive gunslinging,
Texas version of Colonel Blimp.
But this does not really explain the revolt
either.. Tie Teal taproot of the campus re-
jolt is this: The United States seems to be
opposed to the reunification of all Vietnam,
No. 1$4-18
and thus to the self-determination of small.ment of Health, Education, and Welfare
countries; and to free elections in Vietnam,
and thustodemocrac has reversed an earlier decision, and now
itself m f it 1
y
ere ore,
easy for the angry professors at the teach-
ins to portray the Johnson administration's
policy in Vietnam as a betrayal of the most
basic American traditions.
In terms of the grim realities of the Viet-
namese war, such matters as free voting and
self-determination may be so much moon-
shine. But Americans-young ones, espe-
cially, and especially in foreign affairs-
need a bit of moonshine, need to feel on the
side of the angels. In the teach-ins the
angry professors can always count on anti-
administration boos when they charge the
United States with conniving to prevent the
free elections to unify the country, which
were promised in the 1954 Geneva accords.
In fact, this is a phony debating point.
Given the population balance and the areas
under Communist control, a free election
without adequate supervision, as proposed
at Geneva by the French, would have in-
sured Communist victory-one reason why
the United States refused to become a party
to the Geneva accords. The French offer was
really a bribe for the Communists, to let the
French off the hook in Vietnam.
Yet the fact remains that there is a sharp
seeming contrast between American policy
in Vietnam and traditional American for-
eign-policy objectives. The United States
has consistently stood for free elections to
unify the two other divided countries, Ger-
many and Korea.', There has never been a
chance that the Communists would permit
free elections in East Germany or North Ko-
rea, but at least the United States is on the
side of the angels.
Obviously, this country and South Viet-
nam would propose elections in Vietnam only
on certain conditions: a general cease-fire
and a supervised end to military infiltration
from North Vietnam; freedom of movement,
communications, and political debate; really
effective international inspection and control
to insure a free and secret ballot.
No Communist state has ever risked a gen-
uinely free political contest, for free debate
strikes at the roots of "the dictatorship of
the proletariat" and threatens destruction of
the regime. The Communists would agree to
a genuinely free election-especially with
"imperialist" American troops still in the
country-only if they were virtually certain
they could win.
No one can guarantee that they might not
win. Conditions in North Vietnam are mis-
erable, and Bundy is no doubt right that the
"great mass" of the South Vietnamese are
anti-Communist. But the Vietcong in the
South and the Vietminh in the North are
the only disciplined political organizations
in the country; and to many peasants there
is no easily visible difference between a Com-
munist and a nationalist.
The risks are real. Even so, there Is one'
very good reason for accepting them. A pro-
posal for internationally supervised free elec-
tionss in Vietnam would reaffirm the old
American notion that the people of a coun-
try have a right to decide what ,kind of
country they want to live in.
refuses to allocate $700,000 to expand
mental health facilities in South Caro-
lina for adult Negro mental patients and
for mentally retarded Negro children.
Mr. President, this action on the part
of HEW is indicative of the lack of rea-
son which prevails in this Department
in connection with the administration of
title VI of the so-called Civil Rights Act
of 1964. Those of us who last year op-
posed that legislation made the point, at
the time, that it constituted the delega-
tion of too much authority to Federal bu-
reaucrats who would be seeking to ex-
ploit every ounce of authority contained
in the legislation.
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare officials are insisting that men-
tal health facilities in South Carolina
be completely- racially integrated, even
at the expense of the Negro facilities.
With the State of South Carolina making
every possible effort to improve these fa-
cilities, the Federal Government now
comes along, and, by this action, virtually
blocks these efforts at progress in pro-
viding care for Negro mental health
patients.
The entire question of integration in
the South constitutes an emotional and
delicate matter. I would imagine, Mr.
President, that it would be particularly
delicate with regard to the mixing of the
races among persons who are already
emotionally disturbed. Here is one area
which one would think should require
the application of judgment and reason;
but these two important elements of con-
sideration seem to be entirely lacking
in connection with the recent decisions
by the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed at this point in the RECORD,
an article from the News & Cou-
rier, of Charleston, S.C., dated July 3,
1965, and entitled "Federal Funds With-
held From Palmetto Hospital: HEW Re-
verses Earlier Decision"; and an editorial,
from the News & Courier of the same
date, entitled "Shameful Decision."
-There being no objection, the article
and the editorial were ordered to be
printed in the RECORD, as follows:
FEDERAL FUNDS WITHHELD FROM PALMETTO
HOSPITAL-HEW REVERSES EARLIER DECI-
SION
(By Hugh E. Gibson)
COLUMBIA.-The Federal Government yes-
terday clipped $700,000 from funds allotted to
expand State mental health facilities-the
second such action in as many days.
At the same time Dr. William S. Hall, State
mental health commissioner, revealed the
five doctors training as psychiatrists at the
South Carolina State Hospital have quit be-
FEDERAL FUNDS BEING WITHHELD
FROM SOUTH CAROLINA MENTAL
INSTITUTIONS
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I
call to the attention of Senators an arti-
cle and also an editorial from the
News & Courier, of Charleston, S.C., on
the subject of cutting off Federal funds
for mental hospital facilities for South
Carolina. What is involved here, Mr.
President, is the fact that the Depart-
cause that institution will lose its accredita-
tion next year.
The twin setbacks came on the heels of
Department of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare (HEW) refusal Thursday to release $77,-
000 for construction of a dormitory at the
Pineland Training School for retarded Negro
children.
Dr. Hall said the $700,000 grant was HEW's
share of a $2.3 million medical-surgical com-
plex already about 15 percent completed at
the Palmetto State Hospital for Negro mental
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 9, 1965
Notification that HEW had reversed its THE SINGING K'S FROM IDAHO serve all the credit in the world for the ac-
earlier action of approving the contract and complishment. But they wouldn't have been
awarding the funds came in a telephone call Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, "busi- able to make it as far as Malta without the
from Washington, Dr. Hall said. He quoted tress as usual" is hardly an appropriate wonderful cooperation of a wonderful com-
the HEW spokesman as saying a mistake had phrase in Burley, Idaho, these days. munity.
been made In awarding the contract. Some of the most prominent business-
Actually, the mental health commissioner men of Burley =lave been traveling to the
said the mistake lay in the fact that the World's Fair as singing ambassadors RETIREMENT OF COMPTROLLER
funds should not have been approved in the from Idaho; and they came to Washing- GENERAL JOSEPH CAMPBELL
absence of Federal approval of Palmetto's ton, to sing in the rotunda of the Senate ZjRly(OND, Mr. President, I
compliance with the 1964 Civili Rights Office Building at noon today.
A desegregation plan an is is on file in Washing- find myself in full agreement with an
ton, Dr. Hall said, but so far none of the de,- These men are members of the Sing- excellent editorial, from the Washing-
partment of mental health facilities has been ing K's, Idaho's official representatives to ton Daily News of July 7, 1965, entitled
ruled in compliance. the World's Fair, and one of the most "Blow to the Taxpayers." The editorial
Despite the HEW action, Dr. Hall said the popular singing groups in the Gem pays great tribute to the retiring Comp-
State will apply for one-fourth of the $700;- State. All of them are members of the troller Gcneral of the United States, the
000 when the Palmetto construction is 25 Burley Kiwanis Club. Honorable Joseph Campbell. Mr. Camp-
percent said, he was s complete-late hopeful that in by September. then en the H inte- e In an editorial published on June 18, bell has served in this important posi-
aid. he p
gration plan will be accepted. the Burley Herald-Bulletin emphasized tion of trust and responsibility in a most
H HEW remains adamant, the only re- the debt Idahoans owe to all the citizens distinguished, objective, and effective
course will be to ask the legislature to make of Burley who made possible the trip of manner. Running the General Account-
up the deficit, Dr. Hall said. He admitted, the Singing K's. I ask unanimous con- ing Office is, indeed, a difficult task, and
however, that this would be a "long shot." sent that the editorial be printed at this requires a man of courage and ability
Construction of the Pineland dormitory point in the RECORD. who does not mind "calling the shots as
had not begun, but Dr. Hall revealed that 7 There being no objection. the editorial
percent of the architect's fees-about $27,- - he sees them."
000-must be paid. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, My Campbell and his coworkers at
The lost $77,000 was to have been part of as follows: the GAO have been responsible for sav-
the Federal Government's $805,000 match- OVER THE Top
Ing many millions of dollars for the
ing contribution to build the dormitory. It certainly was welcome news to the Sing- American taxpayers, and have exposed
But the remaining $228,000, even if obtained ing K's, the Burley Kiwanis Club, and the to Congress and to the public many ac-
later, also will be denied Pineland because general public when It was learned the re-
it has lost its top priority, Dr. Hall said. cent barbecue staged by the popular singing tions of waste, inefficiency, and corrup-
This would force a, complete revision of group had put the drive for funds to pay tion on the part of agencies and indi-
the plans in order to build a much smaller expenses to New York over the top. viduals within the executive branch of
dormitory with the $455,000 put up by the It was welcome news for the Singing K's the National Government.
State t4)- match the expected Federal grant, because it eliminated any anxiety that a lack I particularly recall, Mr. President, a
Dr. Hall said. of funds might becloud their trip for the GAO investigation, which I asked Mr.
many engagements lined up for them at the
SHAMEFUL DEcision World's Fair, Madison Square Garden, the Campbell to conduct, on the question of
Denial of $77,000 in Federal funds ear- National Capitol, and spots along the way. the Interior Department's award of the
marked for a dormitory to house retarded it was welcome news for members of the contract on the processing of Alaskan
Negro children is an act of racial discrimina- Burley Kiwanis Club because it marked the sealskin furs. That contract award was
tion that ought to hang heavily on the John- end of a long and trying campaign to raise made by the Secretary of Interior, Mr.
son administration. The decision was not the funds and the club can put down on its Stewart Udall, to a newly established
made, we are confident, by the President records another good job well done. And it which had nprocessed
himself. it is small, in comparison to the was welcome news for the public because, corporation, was na c@SSed
huge sums usually associated with the U.S. while the response to each of the club's any sealskin furs, and which never ev
Government. But the principle of discrim- projects was most generous, the monotony revealed to be nothing more than a cor-
ination is there. It should be examined at was beginning to tell. poration on paper. Mr. Udall awarded
the highest level. All in all, it was another typical Burley the contract to that concern in an ef-
South Carolina for years has endeavored enterprise that ended in another typical fort to punish the Fouke Fur Co., of
to look after the needs of its citizens within bang-up victory. It was, in the first place, Greenville, S.C., because it had moved
relatively limited means. It has maintained a tremendous project for the Singing K's-a St. Louis, Mo., to Greenville. The
homes for children who need the State's relatively new organization--to undertake. from from Fur CO., was without any ques-
torically One of them is Whitten Village. His- But the opportunities of spreading the name Fouke torically white children have gone there. It and fame of Burley were too great to resist. tion the superior sealskin processing
is always filled to overflowing, with a long The fine singing group, composed of many of firm in the world, and had been doing
waiting list. Another home Is called Pine- the civic and business leaders of the com- that work for the Government for many,
land Training School. It is crewded with munity, will be the official Idaho ambassadors many years, much to the advantage of
retarded Negro children. to the World's Fair. And, even if they the Government.
Because of pressure to mix the two-for weren't such good singers, Idaho never had Mr. Campbell took on the investiga-
Department good purpose, we cannot imagine-the better envoys.
Department of Health, Education, and Wel- In fact, their singing is only a part of their tion, which he knew would be contro-
fare has cancelled allotment of $77,000 to the mission. They make a fine appearance and versial; and he called Mr. Udall's hand,
Negro school. The outcome is a loss for they will be loaded with Idaho and Burley and forced him to rescind the contract
Negroes. products and brochures for distribution all award and, subsequently, to reinstitute
The complaint of discrimination due to through their long trip. his contractual relationship with Fouke.
separate homes came from an all-Negro cit- All of them are knowledgeable men, accus-
izens Mr. President, I join the Washington
committee in Richland County. Gov. toured to meeting the public, and all of them
Robert E. McNair, who has been working are dyed-in-the-wool Burley and Idaho Daily News in expressing the hope that
valiantly to unravel this bureaucratic snarl, boosters. the President will select another man of
called, HEW's decision a complete failure on Now that the last obstacle in the many that the dedication, Character, and stature of
the part of this Federal agency to compre- faced them at the outset of the project has Mr. Joseph Campbell to fill this most im-
The a local need. been overcome, Burley can sit back and await
The News and Courier for years has op- the certain returns that come with success. portant position in our Government.
posed dependence on Washington for local Moreover, Burley can sit back with a feel- Also, I wish for Mr. Campbell much hap-
needs. The majority in our country feels ing of pride. During the last few months, piness in his retirement, and extend to
otherwise, and has voted for candidates who almost everybody in the area has-in some him best wishes for a speedy recovery
insist on concentrating services in the Na- way-contributed to this project. Once
tional Capital. Since national policy sends again, the community has proven that it from the ill health which has prompted
money into the States-paid for by the tax- lacks nothing In public spirit and commu- his retirement.
payers-we feel justified in complaining over nity pride. Once again, it has faced a big
discrimination In handling it. If anyone community effort and once again it has I tonal ask be printed unanimous at this consent point in that the the edi edi-?
-
needs a classic example here is one for the proven its mettle.
record. We call it a shame. The Singing K's and the Kiwanis Club de- ORD, in my remarks.
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