TWO WARS-TWO ENEMIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180009-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: July 13, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

roved, For Rel 22pp //110p L RDp67BOO446R0003OOI80009-1
July 13, 1 GR55IbA RECORD - H,OUS
proval of the proposal which was pre-
sented to us and upon which we had a
chance to act and impart our stamp of
approval upon it.
MONUMENT
(Mr. HELSTOSKI (at the request of
Mr. Moss) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, on
May 11, 1965, I had the distinct pleasure
to be present at the White House when
President Johnson Issued.a proclamation
adding Ellis Island to the Statue of Lib-
erty National Monument,
In issuing this proclamation that this
tiny island in New York Bay become a
part of the Statue of Liberty National
Monument, President Johnson took
cognizance of the fact that it has a deep
significance for over 16 million immi-
grants who first set foot upon American
soil when they arrived at historic Ellis
Island.
This' event, at the White. House, was
more than just an invitation to me to be
present at a ceremonial event. It was
a memorable occasion because my par-
ents, both immigrants from Poland, first
set foot upon the land of the free and
the home of the brave, when they landed
at,Ellis I0land,
Ellis Island came into Federal posses-
sion in the year 1800. The Federal Bu-
reau of Immigration took over the facili-
ties of the island in 1890 to develop it as
an immigration station, and, between
1892 and 1954, when the use of Ellis Is-
land as an immigration depot was dis-
continued, nearly 70 percent of all the
immigrants coming to these shores used
this island as a steppingstone to a better
way of life.
The greatness, of America has come
in no small measure from the millions
who passed through the gates and doors
of Ellis Island. They came seeking free-
dom, liberty and refuge from the un-
settled condition of their homeland, with
high hopes of finding peace of mind and
heart.
America has offered opportunity to all
who dreamed and hoped for that one
new and better chance to improve their
lot, and found it waiting for them in
America. The immigrants who passed
through Ellis Island and who have at-
tained prominence in our country made
a very significant contribution to the
rise of the United States to a position
of world power.
America has grown to greatness be-
cause its people have a full right to citi- eloquent language. I take the liberty of
zenship throughout the Nation, They quoting some-translation mine:
have the right to choose their. position if you dedicate yourselves to telling me in
in life, be it high or low-a life of failure honorable fashion the truth, whether it be
or success. bright or be it gloomy, bitter or joyful * * *
The- proclamaat>on.of President John but always the truth * * * and I in turn
dedicate myself to listening and heeding
son to include Ellis Island in the National it * * * we then shall have served Mexico
Park System will relieve the overcrowded loyally and efficiently.
conditions at Liberty Island and I hope
that one day there will be a bridge built Also :
from "the New Jersey shore to Liberty Only can we be truly free when we learn
16001
Liberty, and that our senior citizens who cause I believe we should be aware
came to this country through Ellis island cognizant of his great worth.
can again visit this door of opportunity
which opened anew life for them.
Standing as a beacon, inviting all peo-
ple to come under the shelter of our Na-
tion, the Statue of Liberty stands in ma-
jestic glory as a symbol of freedom. To-
gether with the added facilities of Ellis
Island it will permit an easier access to
this Goddess of Liberty.
In this time of world stress it is proper
that we repeat a portion of the poem of
Emma Lazarus which is engraved upon
a tablet within the pedestal of the statue,
which so aptly describes this Nation's ac-
ceptance of the many who still come to
these shores each year.
I quote the significant portion of the
poem,
Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe
free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to
me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door.
A GREAT MAN IN MEXICO
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. Moss) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I take
this welcomed opportunity to call the
attention of my colleagues and the Amer-
ican people in general about some of the
great words of wisdom and courage re-
cently spoken in Mexico by a man who I
sincerely believe will go down in history
as one of the most distinguished, in-
spired, and intelligent leaders of the
Americas. I speak of President Gustavo
Diaz Ordaz, of Mexico.
Too often our news media overlooks, or
just simply does not have the space, to
bring us up to date about some of the
transcendentally important doings in
our neighboring country of Mexico. I
have been fortunate enough to have been
receiving some of the publications widely
read and disseminated in Mexico and
have been greatly impressed by some of
the doings and sayings of this great Pres-
ident, Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, of Mexico.
On June 7, Mexico commemorated
Freedom of the Press Day and the Presi-
dent of Mexico was the guest of honor at
a luncheon marking this anniversary. A
distinguished Mexican journalist, Miguel
Lanz Duret, on behalf of the Mexican
press and journalists, made an intro-
ductory speech honoring the President.
The President, in his reply, had some
priceless sentiments to express in most
to this shrine of liberty; so that our, I intend to have more to say about the
younger people can visit the Goddess of accomplishments ofrthis great leader, be-
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of Mr.
Moss) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the. RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will ap-
pear hereafter in the Appendix.]
VALIDITY OF THE IMPORTANCE OF
FARM ECONOMY TO THE TOTAL
ECONOMY
(Mr. HANSEN of Iowa (at the request
of Mr. Moss) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
recently the Council Bluffs Nonpareil
printed an editorial regarding the im-
provement in the economic situation of
farmers during the early part of 1965.
The editorial is of value to legislators
in determining validity of the impor-
tance of farm economy to the total econ-
omy of our Nation. It also indicates
the reason why a strong farm program
is imperative if we are to maintain our
current, farm economy. I commend this
editorial to my colleagues as an indica-
tion of the concern we must feel for
vibrant and comprehensive farm pro-
grams. The editorial follows:
AREA Hoc PRODucERS ENJOYING EXCELLENT
PRICES IN 1965
Most of the experts thought 1965 would
be a good hog year but nobody expected any-
thing like this. Hogs at this writing have
hit a top of $26 in both Omaha and Chicago,
a new 11-year high.
The new Government forecast shows that
hog production for the balance of this year
will continue far below normal. Although
it has often been said that it is easy to in-
crease hog numbers with good prices, this
year seems to disprove the theory.
Actually, what is beginning to show up
is the age of the Nation's farmers. Raising
hogs is hard work and is no job for old men,
With most farm jobs becoming easier
through- new automated machinery, the
business of raising hogs still remains tedi-
ous, dirty and time consuming.
Right here in one of the heaviest hog pro-
ducing areas in the entire country, there
are many farms today that do not raise any
hogs. As farms are joined together, corn
production remains high but the production
of livestock does not increase proportion-
ately.
How high the hog price can go is any-
body's guess. It is about $3 or $4 per hun-
dredweight higher than was predicted and
statistics would tend to prove that slaughter
numbers will remain low enough to cause
a real good year. Accustomed through the
last 4 or 5 years to a marginal income,
present-day prices are a welcome event.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATION'S
NATURAL RESOURCES
(Mr. RYAN (at the request of Mr.
Moss) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, New York
City residents, currently suffering the
consequences of bad water planning,
deeply appreciate the need for intelli-
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16002 CONGRESSIONAL &(%iD - HO
gent water legislation. As the principal RECORD and to Include extraneous If the radicals and leftists and liberals and
city in the State which ranks first in matter.) the conglomeration of this and that from Mr.
Federal taxes paid but third to last In Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I beatniks to bishops have their way,
ave
Johnson will be undermined and will have
per capita Federal expenditures, New commend to the attention of all my fel- to carry out another back-down and no-win
York is also vitally interested In water low Members an editorial which ap- appeasement of communism of the type that
planning decisions in other parts of the peared in the July 4 issue of the Shreve- marked the administrations of two of his
country. For it is New Yorkers who are port Times, "Two Wars---Two Enemies." predecessors in Korea and Cuba, in Berlin
disproportionately charged with interest Much that is contained in this editorial and the Congo; in fact, to some extent in
-
subsidies to water users under our is common knowledge here in Washing- every munism at the confrontation we have international had level with comsince
reclamation laws. And it is New Yorkers ton, though it is little talked about. World War II approached its end.
who pay three times over when costly Much of it represents the opinion of Right now, leadership in this country
projects misallocate water to the growth many Members who, for various reasons, against Mr. Johnson in his efforts to bring
of surplus crops-first for the interest find it politically unwise to take this victory in Vietnam gravitates somewhat to-
subsidy, again for more costly farm pro- position. With but a single exception, I ward ROBERT F. KENNEDY, "the Massachusetts
grams, and finally through higher food wholeheartedly endorse what Is stated Senator from New a York" and Senator J. the
prices. here. The exception is that sentence in assaa inated P Pre of Arkansas ator . WrL-
Yet it is New Yorkers who have per- which the writer states that except for Demo
crats); as well as in, of course, the liberal and
hags the least to hope for from today's the Republicans, Mr. Johnson would radical advocacies in the big liberal newspa-
bill. The most conspicuous reason for have no real political leadership behind pers and on the Tv networks.
doubt is the conferee's sudden addition of him as to Vietnam. The backbone of There is no need to document the fact that
section 3 (d), barring the Federal Coun- his support is bipartisan. "the Kennedys" of today and "the Johnsons"
oil or a Basin Commission from so much I cannot count on the fingers of both are, behind the scenes, vigorous political
as studying the feasibility of transfer- my hands the times I have stood here in enemies. Today's Kennedys accepted Mr.
Johnson in 1960 simply because their ring water between adjacent river basins. the well and stated my support of the insisted on having the Texan as his running
s g
This patently Irrational restriction was President's strong stand in Vietnam and mate. They never wanted him politically or
apparently added at the insistence of these sentiments have been strongly socially or in any other way.
Columbia River Basin users to avoid di- echoed on the Democratic side of the After the assassination, BOBBY KENNEDY
-
version of water to the Southwest. Al- aisle. But, aside from this, the editorial assumed that the 1964 without vice presidential nom
Mr.
though this may be an intelligent deci- makes telling and true points of un- Johnson, suddehis nly, hocl asking-until
him.
sion in that area, it threatens to hobble deniable fact and I urge you to study it. "The Kennedys" clearly have been waiting
critical planning in the East. The Times editorial follows: a chance openly to buck the President of
New York, for instance, is a member Two WARS--Two ENEMIES the United States on some major issue-and
of an interstate compact governing the Former Secretary of the Army Robert T. few could doubt, indeed, that ROBERT F. KEN-
Delaware River Basin and, draws waters Stevens (under Eisenhower), returning from NEDY hopes in some way to deprive Mr.
from that source. It is also developing a Presidential mission to southeast Asia, told Johnson of renomination in 1968 and per-
a water recovery project on the Hudson, Mr. Johnson that present American forces of haps to get the nomination for himself.
designed to merge with aqueducts carry- more than 70,000 men in South Vietnam The peg on which to hang an attack on
Ing water from the Delaware. Economic must be doubled-soon, if we expect to keep the President came with the Dominican
the Communists in full check during the trouble-Vietnam was not a good peg at the
recovery of Hudson water may require summer monsoon season (now underway) time because President Kennedy was in-
mixing of waters from both sources and when high winds, squalls, and cloud banks volved. Senator KENNEDY seized on the Do-
it will certainly necessitate Integrated tend to nullify the supreme air power of the minican situation to turn against the Pres-
planning of aqueduct capacities. United Stat Chiefs of Staff are understood to the President as to Vietnam, speech,
in the Senate
While it is fair to say that this is all have told the President that the American a few days ago, after first telephoning var-
being done a decade too late, it is equally forces may have to total 300,000 by early ious Senators to be sure to hear him, tip-
fair to wonder whether S. 21, had it been next year if we are to do more than spar ping off newspapermen as to the "impor-
enacted in 1955, would have helped or back and forth with the Reds. tance" of what he would say, and generally
hindered. If it had passed then, some Other military authorities estimate that building up a big ballyhoo. The speech ob-
$30 million would by now have been spent If the Communists turn to real war-which viously was meant to hamper and harass
by the planning authorities of the Hud- seems certain-the United States may have the President of the United States in his
son and Delaware Basins, all of it sub- to send in approximately 800,000 men, the conduct of war with a foreign power. It
jeCt to the bar on studying or reCO1T1- total used in Korea. opened the doors for an avalanche of radical.
The situation is so critical right now that, and liberal attack on the President. Such
mending inter-basin water transfers. according to Washington dispatches, Presi- attack now had "Kennedy prestige."
What New York is now doing it would dent Johnson has himself awakened at 3 Senator FUI.BRIGHT constantly advocates
have had to do alone, and against the a.m. every night to receive thereports from negotiation with the Communists on Viet-
entire weight of well-financed and con- Vietnam on casualties, American bombing nam on the basis of the 1954 negotiations
trary water policy and other combat (it is then around noon which created the present nations of south-
in southeast Asia). east Asia. It is violation of those negotia??
Section 3(d) of the present bill is just In this critical situation President John- tions by the Communists that has brought
the last and most dramatic instance of son is fighting two wars with two enemies. on the present war. What does Senator FuL.-
the regrettable weakening which this bill One enemy is the combat Communist enemy BRIGHT want the Reds to do; sign again?
has undergone. As it passes today it in South Vietnam. On our success against And if they do, and we do, what will that
represents something less than a halt- it rests the future security of freedom mean? And just how can we negotiate
ing step forward, because it enlists at against communism. with the Reds when from Moscow to Peiping
least $11.7 million a year of Federal and The other enemy is made up of numerous to Hanoi they jeer at the mere thought of
State planning money to the flag of a individuals and organizations in this coun- negotiations. Senator FRANK CHURCH, of
still-balkanized Federal water policy. try who seek to undermine the President, Idaho, followed KENNEDY with what seemed
New Yorkers who desperately seek a little politically or otherwise, in his conduct of the almost a vicious and slurring attack on the
combat war overseas. President's policies. All these men are Dem-
more water to spill down the drain may These are the redicels, the so-called in- ocrats.
rightly imagine that this bill means only tellectual liberals, segments of college fa- Senator MrxE MANSFIELD, Democratic
a little more money instead. Although culties and student bodies, the liberal press, Party leader in the Senate, who has never
I support it, I will shortly introduce new substantial segments of the clergy, and radi- made a secret of his opposition to the Presi-
legislation designed to bring national cal and leftist and liberal television com- dent's Vietnam policies, tried to get himself
water policy closer in line with the needs mentators; as well as one of the TV net- off his own hook the other day by criti-
of the N ulation centers. works, which seems so often to find "news" cizing the Republicans because a GOP
UI anything that will hamper the President's House leader said that the President might
-TWCi E IES ties of those who fight him in this country. appeasers-the radicals and liberals o the
d States-and the free world- Democratic Party. But for the Republicans,
U
it
If th
n
e
e
(Mr. WAGGONNER (at the request of lose the war in Vietnam, it will be because Mr. Johnson would have no real political
Mr. Moss) was granted permission to the war here in the the United States was leadership behind him as to Vietnam in the
extend his remarks at this point in the lost first. Capital. The Republicans are willing to
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July 13, 1965
stand behind him as long as he stands up
against communism but they are not go-
ing to follow Mr. FULBRICHT and the Bobby
Kennedys, and It Mr. Johnson follows the
Fulbrights and the Bobby lennedys he need
not expect GOP support-or support around
the Nation, either.
But, Senator MANSFIELD tried to make it
appear that the Republicans were making
themselves "the war party." We don't think
either party is "the war party." But the
clear facts. are that all of the wars we have
fought in this century-and. there now are
four, all overseas-came under Democratic
administrations and we have been in no
war in this century under a Republican ad-
ministration except to the extent that the
Korean war was inherited for a brief period.
One TV network hammers. relentlessly at
the President by constantly emphasizing, on
its daily "news show," things which could
arouse public emotions against the Presi-
dent's course. A little girl was killed acci-,
dentally in Dominica. It was on the net-
work air endlessly with the blame placed on
government forces which the United States
was pictured as supporting, but which it was
not supporting.
Nothing is so precious as a child's life.
But the United States knowingly killed tens
of thousands of children and ' women and
men-with one bomb, at Hiroshima. The
British, with conventional bombs, killed
more children in one German city than the
United States did at Hiroshima. They had
to. We had to That was war. We have war
now.
In Vietnam, a TV broadcaster stood out
in the jungle with half clad people around
him and tallied about this hopeless war.
Who is he to say that war being made by
the United States of America against com-
munism is a "hopeless war"?
An "artist group" carries paid advertising
in newspapers denouncing the President on
Vietnam, as does a ministerial group, a col-
lege faculty group, and another group which
presumably would describe itself as Intel-
lectuals. They are Insignificant in numbers,
unimportant in intelligence, but millions of
people don't know it. As long as they have
money [where do they get it?] to pay for
getting themselves heard, they get heard.
Liberals and radicals play up-in horror-
atrocities, and the "violation of democratic
processes" ordered in Saigon. They forget
that democratic processes become meaning-
less in time of wax. Atrocities occur in all
wars. The Germans massacred more than 70
unarmed American prisoners of war at
Malmedy in World War II. Seven American
soldiers were found on a roadside in. the Ko-
reanwar, their faces shot away with machine-
gun fire, their hands tied behind them. In
South Vietnam the people think it is wonder-
ful when an enemy soldier or civilian is
executed. That is why there have been
executions and will be many more in this war.
If the liberals and the radicals have their
way-if they win the war at home-the
Unite States will lose the war in Vietnam.
It's allout time for the American people-
American leadership, nationwide-to rise
against these forces which want America to
lose the war against communism; the hot,
combat, tortuous, dirty, shooting war over-
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA V.
ERNESTINE WASHINGTON AND
OTHERS
The Sl;'EAKEI, laid before the House
the following communication from the
Clerk of the House of Representatives:
'HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., July 13, 1965.
The Honorable the S1EAKER,
House of Representatives.
SIR: From the District of Columbia Court
'Cl oGeneral Sessions, I have raceived a sub-
pena, directed to me as Clerk of the House
of Representatives, to appear before said
court as a witness in the case of the United
States v. Ernestine Washington, et al (num-
bered U.S. 5379-65, U.S. 5880-65).
The rules and practice of the House of
Representatives indicate that the Clerk may
not either voluntarily or in obedience. to a
subpena appear without the consent, of the
House being first obtained.
The subpena in question is herewith at-
tached, and the matter is present for such
a'tio,ti as the House in its wisdom may see
fit to take.
Very truly yours,
RALPH R. ROBERTS,
Clerk, U.S. House. of Representatives.
The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read
the subpena.
The Clerk read as follows:
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF
GENERAL SESSIONS, CRIMINAL DI-
VISION.
The President of the United States.
To RALPH R. ROBERTS,
Clerk of the House of Representatives, U.S.
Capitol.
You are hereby commanded to appear be-
fore the Criminal Branch of the District of
Columbia Court of General Sessions forth-
with on the 13th day of July, 1965 as a wit-
ness for the defendants, and not depart the
court without leave thereof.
Witnc.3, the Honorable John Lewis Smith,
Jr., chief judge of the District of Columbia
Court of General Sessions, and the seal of
said court this 12th day of July, A.D. 1965.
WALTER F. BRAMIIALL,
Clerk, District of Columbia Court of
General Sessions.
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I offer a
resolution (H. Res. 469) and ask for its
immediate consideration.
The Clerk read the resolution as
follows:
H. RES. 489
Whereas in the cases of the United States
of America against Ernestine Washington,
et al. (criminal cases numbered U.S. 5379-65
and U.S. 538"5), pending in the District of
Columbia Court of General Sessions, Crim-
inal Division, a summons was issued by the
said court and addressed to Ralph H.`Roberts,
the Clerk of the House of Representatives di-
recting that he appear as a witness before
said court on the 13th day of July 1965,
forthwith: Therefore be it
Resolved, That Ralph R. Robert, the Clerk
of the house of Representatives is author-
ized to appear in response to said summons
as a witness in the cases of the United States
of America against Ernestine Washington,
et al.; and be it further
Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be
transmitted to the said court as a respectful
answer to the summons aforementioned..
The resolution was agreed to.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
THE WILMINGTON MORNING NEWS,
WILMINGTON, DEL., LOOKS AT
THE WORLD IN TURMOII,
The SPEAKER. Under a previous
order of the House, the gentleman from
Delaware [Mr. MCDOWELL], is recognized
for 10 minutes.
Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, last
week the Wilmington Morning News, of
Wilmington, Del., published four edi-
torials under the title of "World in
Turmoil."
The purpose, as its editors stated, was
to "explain what we understand U.S.
policy to be, why we believe, it is impor-
16003
tant that it go in the directions it is go-
ing, and to point out where we believe
certain changes in emphasis may be in
order. Every once in a while, it seems
to us, a newspaper owes it to its readers
and itself to pull back from the bustle of
events and examine the intellectual
foundation of its .day-to-day opinions."
The editors of this leading newspaper
came to these conclusions:
First, there should be even more em-
phasis on economic and social programs
than there.is now. The Organization of
American States should have some stand-
ing organization, staffed with economists,
political scientists, and the like, that
could be mobilized on short notice for
situations such as that which occurred in
the Dominican Republic. The editors
hastened to point out that this was not
to say that the United States should not
continue to maintain a strong and mobile
military force in the hemisphere, but
only that such a force will not solve most
of the long-run problems the United
States faces.
Second, the United States should re-
move itself as completely as possible from
the business of bilateral aid dispensing.
Third, the United States should be
firm, both in its support for democratic
institutions and in defense of its interests
throughout the developing world.
Fourth, the United States should be
patient with the developing nations.
The Wilmington Morning News con-
cluded that:
It is in this (developing) world, it seems
to us, that the future of our civilization may
well be determined. And, while every effort
should be made to resist the temptation to
be overdramatic about the urgency involved
in meeting the demands of the people of
these areas, it would be a tragic mistake to
underestimate the challenge their awakening
presents to the United States. We do not
believe that special privilege is their just
reward, but we do believe that deference and
tolerance should characterize the U.S. atti-
tude toward their aspirations.
I found these four editorials informa-
tive and rewarding reading, and very
well thought out. I commend the edi-
tors of the Wilmington Morning News
for presenting them, and I recommend
them to my colleagues for their informa-
tion and consideration. I include them
here as part of my remarks:
[From the Wilmington (Del.) Morning News,
July 5, 1965]
WORLD IN TURMOIL-PART I
On this, the 189th anniversary of the adop-
tion of the Declaration of Independence by
the Continental Congress, let us consider a
few flammatory lines from a very flam-
matory document. We do so because we
believe they are pertinent today, and be-
cause they effectively set the tone for this,
the first in a series of editorials on U.S.
foreign policy.
The, lines. "Ggvernments are instituted
among men, deriving their just powers from
the consent of the governed, that when
ever any form of government becomes de-
structive of these ends, it is the right of the
people to alter or to abolish it, and to insti-
tute new government, laying its foundation
on such principles and organizing its powers
in such form, as to them shall seem most
likely to effect their safety and happiness.
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that govern-
ments long established should not be changed
for light and transient causes; and accord-
ingly all experience hath shewn, that man-
kind are more disposed to suffer, while evils
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 13, 1965
are sufferable, than to right themselves by
abolishing the forms to which they are ac-
customed. But when a long train of abuses
and usurpations, pursuing invariably the
same object, evinces a design to reduce them
under absolute despotism, it is their right,
it is their duty, to throw off such govern-
ment, and to provide new guards for their
future security."
The language, of course, dates these
thoughts as those of Thomas Jefferson. But
change a phrase or two and they are as
fresh as today; the words could easily have
just been uttered in a basement in Caracas,
or rolled off a mimeograph machine in
Saigon. One of the central facts of life in
this year 1965 is that this message has spread
to every corner of the globe, and men every-
where are convinced, or ready to be per-
suaded, that it is their right and duty to
throw off a "long train of abuses and usurpa-
tions" and "to provide new guards for their
future security."
Since the end of World War II, the world
has litreally been turned upside down polit-
ically. Institutions that stood for cen-
turies have been wiped away in a moment;
values that had been cherished for genera-
tions are now ridiculed to the cheers of
millions.
For Americans, these 20 years have been
particularly disquieting, and instead of wel-
coming what has been happening, the great
majority of the citizenry of this land of Jef-
fersonian heritage has looked upon what has
been transpiring with bewilderment and, in
many cases, alarm. Why? We leave that to
the sociologists and psychologists, though we
suspect that the answer is somehow related
to America's long history of isolation and its
material prosperity. It is enough to say
that for too many Americans the world has
become a map on which nations are tinted in
two colors, theirs and ours.
Such thinking is perhaps the more prev-
alent because of the success of the Soviet
Union and its friends in exporting dialectic
materialism. So adept have the Communists
become at taking advantage of social up-
heaval and economic disruption to serve their
own purposes that a large body of Americans
can maintain the fervor that all that is hap-
pening is simply the execution of a plot by
a clique oj' schemers seeking world domina-
tion.
U.S. foreign policy for the past 20 years has
reflected this disquiet among Americans.
With respect to the winds of change that have
swept the world during that period, the
questions for policymakers have been three:
Does America oppose all revolution because
it is being used as a tool by the Communists
to further their aim of world domination?
Does America tolerate revolution, but keep
ever watchful for the real enemy-commu-
nism--and sacrifice revolution when there is
a chance it might serve communism? Does
America encourage revolution and identify
with it, being convinced that to oppose it is
a greater danger in the long run than com-
munism ever will be?
At various times, U.S. policymakers have
answered yes to each of these questions.
That the results of those responses has been
varied is apparent by the unsatisfactory posi-
tion in which the United States finds itself
today in some parts of the world. But in
general, we believe it can be said that U.S.
foreign policy has been most successful when
it answered yes to the last question. We
say this, acknowledging that in a conglom-
erate world there can never be only one
solution for every international problem.
Nevertheless, to say this is to suggest that
there should be a reexamination of many of
the precepts of U.S. foreign policy that have
become axiomatic in the past 20 years. This
we intend to do in subsequent editorials on
U.S. foreign policy -in relation to the Com-
munist world, to the developed world, and to
the underdeveloped world.
Central to our thinking throughout this
discussion is an optimism about the future
of the United States, and a pride in the
durability and flexibility of historic Ameri-
can values. We believe the world is a better
place today than it was 20 years ago, a better
place than it was 189 years ago. True, it still
leaves a lot to be desired, but this is no cause
for despair-it is rather, cause for rededica-
tion and initiative.
WORLD IN TURMOIL-PART II
Ask 100 Americans what is the principal
threat to the United States in the world
today, and, we suspect, 99 will say com-
munism. But then ask what they mean by
communism and the answers will be as dif-
ferent as the answerers.
This may not have been true 20 years ago,
when the Soviet Union was the fountain-
head of Communist ideology and the ac-
knowledged military master of Eurasia. But
today communism is a bit of everything:
Wars of liberation, the Russians, brainwash-
ing, Titoism, Red China, commodity dump-
ing.
States with collective political systems
clearly continue to threaten the United
States, but they no longer present a unified
threat, because there is no longer a unified
Communist world. The current difficulties
between Russia and China are evidence
enough of this.
And yet, it must be admitted that there
is still a strong sympathy among Communist
states for each other, a sympathy which could
lead to their joining together in the event of
some international showdown. But is it
realistic to continue to conduct American
foreign policy as if there were a unified
threat, or as if a showdown is the most im-
mediate threat? We do not believe it is, in
the face of the evidence of the past 10 years,
when the U.S. main problems have been a
guerrilla war here and a coup there. But
much U.S. policy continues to be built on
the premise than the principal threat from
the Communist world is a military one and,
more particularly, a nuclear one.
The lesson of the Cuban missile crisis of
1962 was that this is no longer true, for the
Soviet Union indicated quite clearly then
that it was not willing to risk nuclear war
to further its expansionist policies.
But what of China, the only other Com-
munist country which will have nuclear ar-
maments in the conceivable future? The
answer is not clear. Mao Tse-tung has
boasted of fighting a war with the West,
losing 300 million people, and still winning,
and there has been nothing from China to
indicate that nuclear war is not in its plans.
Yet this is not a wholly satisfactory answer
from the U.S. point of view, for it is too
Indefinite. The United States is still left
with the awful question: Is or isn't nu-
clear war with China a possibility? China
will not provide the answer, because it is to
her advantage to keep her intentions a secret
and keep her opponents off balance.
We believe the United States should oper-
ate on the assumption that such a war is
not inevitable: if it were, the Government
would be guilty of the greatest negligence
if It did not fight that war now, when its
chances of winning are best. To say that it
is not inevitable is not to abandon nuclear
capability, and Is not to face the future
without trepidation. It is also, however, not
to be without a sense of optimism for the
future, and an optimism with some basis
-in experience. Red China is a developing
society, and the more developed a society, the
more unthinkable nuclear war appears.
But if the threat from communism in the
future is neither a unified one nor a nuclear
one, what is it? To quote George Eennan:
"The ideological contest, as the Communists
see it, is not only an intellectual competition
but a political competition. It is a political
competition that involves not only the minds
of men, but also, their fears-a competition
that does not entirely respect what is in
men's minds because it does not fully recog-
nize the organized expression of popular
will."
In such competition, anything goes: Wars
of liberation, terror, subversion, propaganda;
the real opponent is never directly involved.
He depends, instead, on others to be on the
platform or in the jungle, while he supplies
the financial and moral support. And, be-
cause the opponent never shows himself
publicly, there is the ever-present danger of
seeing him where he isn't or not seeing him
where he is.
Compounding the problem is the fact that
this competition is taking place in a world
that is already undergoing social revolution.
Was the revolution in Santo Domingo a Com-
munist affair, or was it a legitimate protest?
And If it was legitimate was it in danger of
being taken over by Communists or was it
not? The answers to these questions are- not
certain 2 months after the event, yet they
have great implication for U.S. policy.
Perhaps the United States can afford to act
as it did in one Santo Domingo, but what is
to be done when the revolution is in a coun-
try less accessible to U.S. power, or when
three or four such events occur at once?
Policy should be prepared for this eventual-
ity, and it is clear that neither the older
regional organizations of the world, like the
Organization of American States, nor the
newer treaty organizations developed by the
late Mr. Dulles are adequate to do the job.
They have not worked in southeast Asia, the
Middle East, or Latin America.
Because these organizations are geared to
combat a threat that exists now in vastly
altered form, they lack flexibility and are not
particularly susceptible to reorganization.
And yet the United States, as powerful as it
is, cannot win this competition alone.
What then? Consideration might be given
to the gradual abandonment of these orga-
nizations, and their replacement with new
groupings which would have economic and
social reform as their primary focus. These
new organizations could also be anchored
by some other power than the United States.
Serious study might also be given to the
United Nations international police force
suggested by several European countries and
endorsed by President Johnson.
The steps in this direction should be
studied and accompanied by political and
economic policies that recognize and encour-
age individuality among Communist states.
To continue to think of communism in the
terms of a monolithic world conspiracy
promises the United States no benefits and
possibly great harm.
WORLD IN TURMOIL-PART III
The United States is fond of looking east
across the Atlantic and rubbing its hands in
satisfaction at the fine job it has done in
Western Europe. The Marshall plan and the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, two of
the greatest creations of American foreign
policy, helped Europe out of economic chaos
and pulled her away from the political brink
so effectively that she is now a strong rival
for her old benefactor.
A consequence of this pride has been the
development in the United States of a
maternal attitude toward Western Europe,
with all the attendant emotionalism. When
General de Gaulle questions U.S. policy in
Vietnam, or Harold Wilson offers alternatives
to American nuclear policy, the reaction in
this country is much like that of the mother
who discovers her child can think for him-
self and that thinking for himself includes
questioning mother: It had to come, but it
isn't really welcome.
But Europe has grown tall now and, as
unpleasant as it may be, America must face
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 Jul 13 ,roved For R B00 180009-1
l tAflA U- ~ . A3715
HE REPORTS O
Beginning
Tribune DeznoG at, publicizing new books mist of isolationism which is spreading the EXTENSION OF REMARKS
and the library's program. germs of doubt and confusion over the hon-
orable aims of the United States in Vietnam. of
Collections of books have been placed in The fog is rising from many college and HON. BOB WILSON
four hospitals, three rest homes, and Johns- university campuses where intellectual
town's niar Activities Center, groups-a minority but nevertheless a vocal OF CALIFORNIA
having Book col librarbrariees s, are sent to 15 schools one-profess to shudder at our naked sword IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
no challenge to Communist expansion and ag-
A ded. e delivery service for shut-ins is gression in Asia. Tuesday, July 13, 1965
provided. Twenty-five years ago many of these same Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, un-
All new books are ordered, cataloged and people were crying for U.S. intervention der leave to extend my remarks in the
processed for the Cambria County libraries against nazism and fascism when it seemed
by the larnesboro and Johnstown units. RECORD, I include the
editorial
that the legions of Hitler and Mussolini
A course in reference work an materi
l
s
a
the San Di U Uif Jl
egonnon ouy 1 1,
Ui
nond Was given to all librarians. Heads of new might engulf a great part of the world. from 1965:
libraries are trained in procedures and They were internationalists and wore the
techniques. badge proudly. They scorned the isolation- TWELVE-MILE COASTAL LIMIT IS EXCELLENT
Book review sources and book selection aids fists of the day who cried out against any in- BEGINNING
volvement in Europe. protection of U.S. fishing
are, provided for each library in Cambria A bill proposing
County They were all for freedom for all nations in rights for a distance of 12 miles from our
A teletype servicehas been provided at the those days. Freedom from aggressors. shores certainly is a recognition of a grave
main, library, erv-lee been pro many of Freedom from the Gestapo. Freedom from problem.
the great libraries of the Nation, dictators pushing people around, slaughter- It merits the approval of Congress. How-
A photo-libraries
service N provided at the ing millions in gas chambers, and brutalizing ever, at the same time, Congress should rec-
main.,library. those who opposed them. ognize that the proposed law touches only
A study is underway of means by which Now they would have us beat a retreat the surface of a much larger problem.
I tudso s can be reached means all by which from Vietnam. They deplore any escalation The United States, and 10 other nations,
Comore pies r a library brochure have a been sent of the fighting in that wartorn little coun- presently recognizes a 3-mile territorial
to all homesbr the two counties. try and make it sound as though the United limit. It is a general rule of thumb for na-
A half-h es inl has been made, depicting States were responsible for the stepped-up tional defense, established in 1703 on the
th Cambria County libeees, bookmobiles' fighting. They ignore the fact that the Com basis that 3 miles was the effective range of
and the ,.entire program. This film Is avael- munists escalated the war. They will not or a cannon, And therefore the distance a nation
and for lending ro any interested Is avail- cannot see that Vietnam is only a single could reissonabiy be expected to defend.
ion. battle in a worldwide war against aggressive From the standpoint of security today, 3
Cambria and Somerset Counties are fortu- - communism. miles is a laughable range for larger guns
nateiii leaving this vigorous library program. They shed no tears for Lithuania, Latvia, or missiles. The problem, however, includes
Many moae county vigornmentr should ram. Estonia, East Germany, Poland, Czechoslo- a scope much larger than national defense.
port their public libraries, for this support vakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cuba, North Viet- Most nations in the world claim territorial
,in most cases public ibra the chief means up b nam, and China whose people had no voice limits up to 10 miles. Cutting across these
p by in choosing their government and are ruled is a confused plethora of disputes, national
which residents of villages and rural areas by brute force. may have access to books. The responsibility edicts and treaties.
for providing public library service must be They cry not for the freedoms lost by Most South American nations on the Pa-
accepted by county commissioners all over these millions. They carry no placards call- eific seaboard, for example, claim fishing
the counts ing for the Russians to pull back their tanks sovereignty within 200 miles, which closes a
y. and divisions behind their own borders. valuable area to U.S. fishermen.
City ty public c libraries now have two major
responsibilities bra chal wgha The first it They isstage no sitdowns protesting the Com- In May of 1964, Canada gave notice it
d to reach the city's own lenges and children grabs for power. They pass no reso- would enforce a 12-mile fishing limit, which
to who are not he city's
using liadults and The ildren lutions denouncing the North Vietnam at- gave rise to frictions and problems in the
is to carry to surrounding towns and coon- tacks on South Vietnam or Cuba's efforts to northeast north
st U
we
nited States ad
,,n trysid the advantages of city library collet- subvert governments in Central and South Alaskan areas.
tinny at..fr. dv +-1-4.f ci America.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
ibxarJ .ws,.Twn,Wtekly radio series, discussing DONu ixru, E
N OUR PURPOSE P_-_I
HON, JOHN J. DUNCAN
OF, TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 13, 1965
Mr. 17UNCAN of Tennessee. Mr,
Speaker, unanimous consent to revise
and extend my remarks in the Appendix
of the.CQNGRF?SSIONAI, RECQRA and,to in-
cludetherein extraneous matter has been.
previously granted.
Whe have been reading and hearing a
great deal of those who are spreading
doubt, confusion, and distrust over the
aims and purposes of the United States
in Vietnam.
One ,qf t4e bcst articles I have read on
this subject was, written by Mn White-
heaand appeared recently in the
'Knoxville News-Sentinel, Knoxville,
Tenn.
believe thisia, a, very excellent presen-
tation, and I aril pleased to insert this
article in the.
-RECORD for, the considera-
tion of my colleagues:
Our Pur a In Vietnam least temporarily, a Communist takeover in agreed to Alaskan fishing jurisdictions in
Santo Domingo. They refuse to place th six areas last year.
e
blame where it belongs-on the Communists Further complications arose on June
10,
Who deliberately follow a policy of com- 1964, when Russia, the United States, and 20
munizing the world by force, subversion, other nations agreed to sovereign rights to a
threat or whatever means proves most effec- depth of 200 meters along continental
tive. . ; - abelVC; -,-AI?out_2Q: to.26.mlles. Japan refused
Now that nazism and fascism, have been to recognize the agreement, which includes
conquered as a 'world threat, these onetime most natural resources, not only fish.
internationalists would have us pull back Fishing rights are only one of the prob-
into our shell as though communism was lems. Of equal or greater Importance are
nothing more than a matter for academic questions of natural resource development
debate. Their attitude presumes that Com- and national security.
munists are men of reason speaking the same The Continental Shelf of the United States
language we speak. And they know better. is an extension of the mainland, believed
These professors who.- are so vocal against equally rich in oil, gold, metals, and other
the administration policy of meeting force precious resources. It is an undeveloped
with force should be teaching their students frontier that could be exploited with more
that a Communist dictatorship is as vicious emphasis on the current acceleration of
as the Hitler-Mussolini variety. They should oceanographic research.
be teaching that communism threatens the Other nations show recognition of these
freedoms of discussion, protest, inquiry, self- facts. Last year more than 6,000 Russian
expression, and all that is held dear in the and Japanese boats were sighted near the
academic world. These freedoms die when U.S. shores. Sophisticated electronic equip-
communism takes over-and. the intellec- ment on many of the vessels Indicated they
tuals are the first to feel the iron fist, were interested in intelligence work and
There is a simple way to end the hot war charting of natural resources as well as
in Vietnam and the tensions of the cold fishing.
war. That is for the Communists to give The United States, it Is true, Is showing a
uptheir fight to impose communism on the greater interest in oceanography. This must
world by force and subversion. be coupled with a realistic recognition that
Until that day arrives, we have only two the valuable resources on the Continental
choices: Surrender or fight back. And I ap- Shelf also must be protected from poach-
plaud President Johnson for fighting back. ing.
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A3716 A
The protection of a fishing limit for 12 The measure will combine existing activ-
miles is an excellent beginning. It also is ities of the Federal Housing Administration,
vitally important however, for the United the Housing and Home Finance Agency, and
States to begin efforts to protect all of its the Federal National Mortgage Administra-
vital interests off our shores. tion under an 11th Cabinet member. From
the municipal standpoint, the move will also
f
d
o
provide American cities with the kin
gopresentation Mr. Maier talks about In the
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT B. DUNCAN
OF OREGON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 13, 1965
Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon. Mr.
Speaker, the applause can still be heard
from the 140 million Americans who
work and live in urban areas. They are
applauding the action of the House in
passing the bill authorizing the new
Department of Housing and Urban De-
velopment.
There are many problems facing the
urban centers of this country which
need the top-level representation they
will receive when the Department of
Housing and Urban Development be-
comes law.
The Eugene Register-Guard, a fine
newspaper in my district, pointed out
the need for such a Department in an
editorial on June 18, 1965:
America's most crucial domestic problem
is no longer the farm economy but the prob-
lem, of city living. Our Nation is bulldozing
1 million acres a year into the urban sprawl.
The Nation just has to give increased at-
tention to cities.
1; support this editorial when it states
that more attention must be given to
urban areas. I hope the Senate will join
with us in the House in supporting Pres-
ident Johnson's proposal to create a De-
partment of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment, which will assist urban areas in
getting the attention they need in the
form of a Cabinet-level representation.
With consent, I place the editorial in
Hope for
Cities
A Cheer for American Imperialism
EXTENSION OF
OF
HON. DONALD J. IRWIN
OF CONNECTICO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 13, 1965
can Republic) denies that America must,
from time to time, engage in such operations.
To employ force abroad without the declara-
tion of war is, in fact, the first attribute of
empire,
2. More specifically, to endow American
forces with a combat role-a phrase which
could have been rendered so simply in Latin,
and would have been understood by any em-
peror, or, for that matter, any legionary-is
to endow them with the same responsibility
as once belonged to the Roman and the
British soldiers on the frontiers of empire.
That, American soldiers in farflung prov-
incesof the world should have a combat role
seems peculiar only if one does not acknowl-
edge the fact, and so the duties, of empire.
3. When military police actions lead di-
rectly to a local and political engagement in
these farflung territories, empire exists, As
one American commentator wrote recently
of the Dominican situation, "Despite Wash-
ineton's carefully orchestrated campaign to
Mr. IRWIN. Mr. Speaker, I would pings of the Organization of American States,
like to call the attention of my colleagues they remain very much a U.S.-managed op-
ta an article that appeared in the Sun- eration." Exactly, and that is empire.
day, July 11, New York Times maga- 4. "Until the international community is
zine, "A Cheer for American Imperial- ready to rescue the victims of clandestine
n, ' Adlai Stevenson said the other
si
o
ism." The article, by Henry Fairlie, aggres
political writer for the Spectator and the day, "national power will have to fill the
It is the most costly, the most dan-
vacuum
.
Iaaily Telegraph of London, presents one gerous, and the least desirable kind of peace-
Englishman's view of the way the United keeping." May be. But, meanwhile, this
States meets its world resopnsibilities. stark admission that, in the absence of any
itiis an unusual exposition and suggests other world order, national power must fill
that perhaps semantics may be troubling t. ,e role is as clear an acceptance of Imperial
us more than substance as we view responsibility as one could wish for.
America's role in the world today. 5. Empire means that the need for it is
The first part of the article follows: accepted in the provinces perhaps even more
readily than at the center; and, freed from
A CHEER FOR AMERICAN IMFER~ALISM the necessity to mince his words, Mr. C.
(By Henry Fairlie) Rajagopalachari, ironically one of the lead-
Is America an empire? It is a question ers of India's Nfor ew independence,
Times,
which no American cares to ask himself and, wrote recently to the if you ask it of him, he returns a hasty "There is not the slightest doubt that if
negative. "Imperialism is not In our blood. America withdraws and leaves southeast
You are still thinking in terms of the Brit- Asia to itself, Communist China will ad-
ish Empire." I have got used, by now, to the vance and seize the continent * * * and the
answers. But it seems to me a question empire of China under Mao and his suc-
which needs not only to be asked but to be cessors will be firmly established." To resist
answered with some frank regard for the this empire, he looks to the protection of
facts. To an outsider, the fact that America another.
is an empire is the most obvious fact of office se are nowi being trained u by the pilot
all.
The idea of empire, I realize, fits uncom- Air Force for tactical command duty, includ-
fortably into the severe and sparse concep- ing the delivery of nuclear missiles. Some
tion which the Americans have of their des- of them have already passed the course, with
,,,,...,_ wr a,..,. v.n.,a., i+n life to rebellion appropriate graduation ceremonies, and
HOPE FOR C I T I E S esg5-+s- " _- -- _..,,, ..., -problems the mere suggestion that they may them- much
municipal leaders, plagued with selves, be an empire is taken immediately as recruited from native populations, the le-
of urban growth, appear at last to be assured an accusation. "It is that word. It is just gionaries themselves becoming privileged
of Cabinet-level representation in the Fed- that word," says one American with whom I citizens; and Sandhurst turned out superb
eral Government. have discussed the question over and over native officers for service in the empire. Sym-
The House has passed a bill authorizing a again. Call it, then, by another name- bolically as well as actually, the Luftwaffe
new Department of Housing and Urban De- though none is so short and convenient--but officers are, however ironically, the repre-
velopment. The Senate is expected to add its the fact will remain. sentatives of empire.
approval and President Johnson will thus "I am a Berliner," President Kennedy pro- 7. Above all, there is the achievement of
sign into law another measure which Con- claimed, in perhaps the most far-reaching Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. He
gross refused to serve up to the late President words he ever used, and, if they meant any- has created, during his years in office, an
Kennedy. thing at all, they implied a shared citizen- American force which can be disposed
Mayor Henry Maier, of Milwaukee, Wis., ship of what-if not an empire? "I am a around the world with a minimum of dim-
president of the American Municipal Associ- Berliner" has no meaning if all he was talk- culty and domestic disturbance. To an out-
atton, reminded Oregon of some Of the prob- ing about was a treaty obligation to defend Sider, this force seems to have the inspira-
letns facing American cities when he ad- West Berlin. But that, precisely, was what tion as well as the practical attributes of
dressed the League of Oregon Cities 'in he was not saying. To say "I am aBerliner" empire; its mission, certainly, is the peace
Portland last November. is exactly the same as to say civis Romanus and security of an empire. But, perhaps
Calling the central city the "dustbowl of sum and civis Britannicus sum. Common to even more significant, this is the achieve-
the Sixties," Mr. Maier argued that America's all three is the idea, not simply of protec- merit of Mr. McNamara which has been least
most crucial domestic problem is no longer tion, but of protection arising from common questioned, which has been almost tacitly
the farm economy but the problem of city citizenship of an empire. accepted by the American people-as if they
living. Our Nation is bulldozing 1 million But I should begin by enumerating what understood their unending and inescapable
acres it year into the urban sprawl. Yet seem to me the facts of empire, as distinct imperial role.
cities receive only one-thirteenth as much from the plainer facts of America's power. So one could go on. Even the American
Federal'aid as the Nation's farmers. 1. International police, or "peacekeeping," critics of America's present policy use the
"In the final analysis," Mr. Maier said, "the operations are in themselves the most ob- language of empire. Whatever may be said
problems can only be solved through reallo- vious obligation of empire; and no serious for or against the idea that there are distinct
cation of national resources. The Nation just person that I know (whatever his view of the spheres of influence properly "belonging" to
has to `give increased attention to cities." specific actions in Vietnam and the Domini- one or other of the great powers, it is an im-
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 July 13, 1Al4proved For F17I300180009-1
known. I wan.ted,to share his comments
with my colleagues.
ltdr, aIph Wheeler's Idea of a Clood
Politician
.This isn't advice, but my idea of a good
politician.
Stick to your Marty and its principles.
Win on your own merit.
Think twice before downing your oppo-
nent's idea, for it might be better than yours.
The unspoken word is sometimes a person's
greatest asset.
Kiss, the .babiess. Admire the ladies, and
shake hands with the men.
God help you for he is the only One who
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
'r. OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
>LLINOI6
Iii T11F HOtTSEOF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 13, 1965
Mr; DEWINSKI, Mr, Speaker, the
President is under increasing pressure
from the organized left and many in-
nocent Americans who have,been caught
in its web of propaganda aimed at our
policy In Vietnam. An article by colum-
nist William S.. .White, which appeared
in the Saturday, July 3 edition of the
Chicago Daily News, is especially appro-
priate in its emphasis on the dangers of
appeasing the Reds, a subject that
should be thoughtfully studied:
APPEASING THE REDS
(By William S. White)
~WASHUgGTON.-The big push is now on to
compel the United States to submit to Com-
munist blackmail in Vietnam In the name of
a peace that would be a, Munich of the
sixties-a surrender:, to the veiled blade of.
Co{Itmunist aggression as Munich was to the
naked blade of.Hitler.
Voices In the Senate are joined by many
"European voices in demands that this coun-
try deal with and thus Iigitlmize the Viet-
cong insurgents in South Vietnam who
are, in plainer words, the spearheads of a
Communist invasion directed from Red,
China by way of North Vietnam.
..
4ll,the forces of international and unin-
tentional,pacifism are gathering in supreme
effort. The sum of their case..is? ,at the
[Tnited States must be more reasonable
toward those who. break the world's peace
by open military assault upon South Viet-
nam.
The nation that. now all but alone carries
the burden. to resist the new Communist im-
perialism finds itself attacked far more viru-
lently, at home and in Europe, than are
those who carry forward this cynical pattern
of conquest.
4 V.S. Senat6r, FRANK CHURCH of. Idaho,
joins the clamor for what, however fuzzed
over, would amount to recognition of the
Vietcoh}g as though this marauding bandit-
'Communist group had a legitimate place at
any peace table. - He is saluted by other
Democratic soft-liners in the Senate and is
echoed by a. former British foreign minister
still very close to the British Lai?or Govern-.
mefht, Patrick Gordon Walker,
ThG 13 s is prepared to allow the
Vietcgng to sit at. any honest, peace table,
but not try grant them status as.bargaining
agents. Even III thhis we go dangerously far.
The day we permit them real, participation
would be the day we set the seal of consent
upon the concealed-blade technique of Com-
Yes, the Push is on, And those prepared
to take up their adult responsibilities in a
tough world must face it that their only
reward is likely to be the consciousness of
duty done. For the other side has all the
appealing words-"peace" and all that. And
the hammering grows harder and harder from
domestic politicians and foreign politicians-
and much of the European press-who simply
want out of Vietnam and out from under
our solemn obligations there.
One can see this pounding in the outcries
at President Johnson for committing two
dreadful crimes at the recent anniversary
meeting of the United Nations. One crime
was to withhold an immediate promise to
pick up even more of the tab for running
the U.N. so that the Russians and others
could continue to refuse to pay even a small
share. The other crime was the President's
tactless determination not to cut and run in
Vietnam and his even more tactless act of
identifyin the aggressor out loud.
It is a strange world. Those who do their
hard duty are denounced for it and those
who wish to cut and ruff are the 'reasonable"
men.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES A. VANIK
or OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 13, 1965
Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, during the
past weeks since the excie tax reduction
has taken effect, I have been attempting
to call, to the attention of the American
consumers and retailers the problems
that have arisen in passing the reduc-
tion on to the consumer.
In this continuing effort, I wish to in-
sert an article from the Fairchild News
Service publication, Home Furnishing
Daily, which outlines some of the prob-
lem areas in connection with the excise
tax reduction.
Popular demand is the only course to
the benefits ofthe tax-cut. While many
of us can campaign for "truth in prices,"
all of our efforts have little meaning if
the public is apathetic about the
absorption of this tax.
I again suggest that retailers take ad-
vantage publicly of this excise tax re-
duction by making clear statements in
all of their advertising about lower prices
on an item-by-item basis, as a result of
the excise tax reduction. Any retailer
would be wise to take advantage of this
splendid opportunity to show the con-
sumer of his desire to be fair and not
subject the consumer to the mercy of
the marketplace.
The Fairchild article follows:
TAX REPEAL SPURS PRICE CRAZY QUILT, PUBLIC
Is APATHETIC
Repeal of Federal excise taxes has
brought-
Consumer apathy.
Some retail willingness to cut prices below
levels provided by the tax repeal.
A sharp attack on those producers who
have not reduced their prices.
A crazy mixed up condition in the electric
housewares field where some manufacturers
have been laggard on posting new prices.
Since repeal went into effect Tuesday, a
cross-the-Nation spot survey by Fairchild
News Service Indicates:
A3727
Major appliances made modest gains, with
more substantial increases expected. Air
conditioners in several cities were still slug-
gish because of continued cool weather, al-
though New York reported gains.
Electric housewares remained about steady,
with gains of a more modest nature than
major appliances expected in the future.
Home entertainment products remained
stable, with gains predicted.
In the New York area, customers aren't
stampeding to their favorite store to buy any
of the products with newly lowered prices.
Sales in all categories remained fairly
steady, and retailers failed to note any defi-
nite gains that could be attributed to the tax
removal.
Bigger ticket items picked up modestly,
and air conditioner sales have been brisk the
past 2 days, although retailers credited hot
humid weather rather than the tax elimina-
tion.
As several dealers commented, "we would
have sold air conditioners during this period
even if prices had gone up 6 percent, instead
.of coming down. When it gets this hot those
who want one are not going to sweat out
the weath.er just to save a couple of bucks."
. Home entertainment volume remained
steady.
In Cleveland fair improvement in sales of
major appliances was noted by department
and specialty stores as a result of the excise
tax action.
No great amount of increased business was
noted, however, on sales of television and
electric housewares which had been holding
up well. The weather apparently was con-
tinuing to put a damper on any real activity
on air conditioners.
Major appliances, however, have been in
the doldrums for the past 2 or S weeks, with
many buyers and retailers indicating they
believed this stemmed from the tax repeal
talk.
In St. Louis, retailers believe the potential
lift to sales following removal of excise taxes
is substantial, but they emphasize that it
is much too early. to attempt measuring the
results.
There has been no mad rush to buy, al-
though heavy rainfall Tuesday and Wednes-
day and the likelihood of scattered showers
through the remainder of the week were
blamed with. holding down store traffic.
In Atlanta, while there has been little con-
sumer reaction to price reductions in hard
goods, retailers are optimistic the tax repeal
will give lagging sales a needed shot in the
arm.
All retailers agreed it is too early to de-
termine what long range affect the repeal
will have on the appliance-television busi-
ness, although they expect it to pick up
within the next several days and accelerate
into coming weeks.
Air conditioning business has been mis-
erably cool this season, but cool weather and
not price is blamed.
In Charlotte, N.C., retailers are not in
accord on consumer reaction to the excise
tax repeal, although all report there was
more reaction to prospects of the action 2
Weeks ago.
Some say the situation has made no no-
ticeable difference in business, that this is
a quiet season when attention is focused on
vacations and not housewares purchases, and
that the tax repeal will be a boon to future
business.
Others, however, say the repeal has had
some effect, and will further spark customer
buying in the future..
Electric housewares ads tied to the tab
have been almost nil as dealers await guid-
ance from manufacturers.
In Los Angeles, excise tax repeals had
little or no positive effect on hard goods
sales this week, retailers said.
"The public still is confused," observed one
key chain official. "Many customers still
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 A3728
Approved giMMOQMO 1 (? RD MOOO3OOI8000 4y 13) 1965
think they are entitled to 10 percent reduc-
tions."
Most retailers had reduced prices on many
major appliances and home entertainment
equipment in advance of a date the tax re-
peals were made law. These price cuts In
most cases were based on early oxclse tax
figurer circulated by suppliers.
Distributors and retailers reported new-
price posting by electric housewares manu-
facturers has lagged, compared with major
appliance and TV producers, but that new
portable appliance prices steadily were being
received this week.
White Stores, Inc., in its anniversary sale
ad continues to list some price comparisons,
but most stores are content to talk savings
generally rather than price specifics.
White's anniversary sale ad lists a Catalina
brand 15-cubic-foot "no-frost-refrigerator-
freezer at a regular price of $349.95, with a
tax reduction of $10 and a "new bell price"
of $339.95. A trade-in offer in the ad, how-
ever, brought the price down by a total of
$51.07 to a low of $288.88.
Some of the stores mention savings on
last-year models in the air-conditioning line.
Others push annual summer sales and spe-
cial purchases throughout appliances and
electric lines.
Sales have yet to react too strongly to the
tax repeal. "It hasn't come yet but we think
It will" is the opinion of many dealers.
In Cincinnati, major appliance business
has soared since the tax lift and home enter-
tainment sales have shown moderate gains,
but local retailers are thanking the weather-
man, not the Government.
The hottest day of the year (92) hit Tues-
'day, bringing a sudden and long-awaited
consumer rush on air conditioners, fans and
iefrigerators, dealers reported.
The upsurge has brought with it retailer
optimism that customers looking for relief
for what appears to be a sustained heat spell,
will take advantage of the tax out while
they're at it by making other purchases In
both white and brown goods.
At this point, retail prices are reflecting
a greater reduction than provided for by
the tax cut. Most dealers are basing new
prices on a new cost to them plus 10 percent
markup.
In Dallas its almost like a game of "but-
ton, button, who's got the tax cut" as the
trade advertises excise tax repeal, seasonal
reductions, and special purchase buys In
housewares, home entertainment and ap-
pliances.
One store reported a number of extremely
irate customers who were expecting a full
10-percent reduction at retail. This store
has been In sale events for the past several
days, but the picture has been confused by
consumer expectations for wide-scale 10-per-
cent cuts. "Our prices have been adjusted
to reflect the tax cut," this dealer said,
Several stores are going the complete limit,
dealers reported, with reductions in home
entertainment lines slashed drastically. One
retailer,told of a $100 price cut on an upper
end stereo that had only a $56 tax repeal.
Housewares prices dipped somewhere from
5 to 7 percent on the small electrics.
Price promotions in appliances, for the
most part, were confined to statements such
as "passing on the tax cut savings" * *
"reduced more than excise cut" " ? * "Fed-
eral tax repealed-buy now and save."
In Washington, the excise tax repeal did
not produce an initial customer rush to the
stores. Some merchants said activity during
the first few days following the tax cut
showed some improvement but they do not
feel it resulted from the excise repeal..
"It's too early to tell," said one buyer,
who added that business has shown no
change. 'since the Tuesday effective date.
Another said traffic has improved but at-
tributes it more to the hot weather which
has stimulated air conditioner business.
One retailer pointed out that several stores
advertised reduced prices prior to the effec-
tive date to stall off a consumer buying
cutback. "We haven't noticed any increase
in business since Tuesday, but we reduced
prices early," said one.
In San Francisco, there has: been little
variation in sales volume since the repeal
went into effect.
Most retailers were too involved in their
own confusing situations to give more than
token recognition to sales.
"I'm in no position to answer," One de-
partment store buyer said; "I'm up to my
neck in it." The buyer said his store's policy
was to pass savings on fully to the customer.
"In many cases we're giving more," he said.
"We're giving too much and the prices were
not established by us. He said a legitimate
$27 retail adjustment was coming out to $40.
"This was another golden opportunity for
us to stabilize our profit structure," he said.
California Develops Farm Labor Surplus
With Active Recruiting of Domestic
Workers
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, July 8., 1965
Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, I want to
take this opportunity to insert' in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a most encourag-
ing article from the June 27, 1965, edition
of the Los Angeles Times, which tells the
remarkable success story achieved by the
American economy this year in finding
work for many thousands of U.S. citizens
In the fields and on the farms of the
West.
The article, written by the Times' la-
bor editor, Harry Bernstein, is primarily
concerned with the highly successful
transition California's agricultural in-
dustry has been able to make from its
former major reliance on a foreign labor
supply, to an almost complete use of
domestic workers this year.
But it also illustrates the outstanding
capacity of American agriculture gener-
ally to shake off its past unhealthy de-
pendence on imported foreign labor, and
by improving wages and working con-
ditions, to attract a sufficient number of
skilled, dependable U.S. fieldhands to
meet critical harvesttime labor need.
The Times' article follows:
SURPLUS LOOMS IN FARM LABOR, TIEBURG
PREDICTS
(By Harry Bernstein)
California will have a surplus of farm
labor for the rest of the summer, State Em-
ployment Director Albert Tieburg predicted
Saturday.
In an assessment of the State's multi-
billion-dollar farm industry, Tieburg told
the Times:
"It now looks as though we will have a
surplus of workers through the summer
months. The State's needs will sharply in-
crease by the early part of September, but
it is possible we may be able to get through
even that crisis period without foreign work-
ers."
And Washington officials are now con-
vinced that by next year there will be no
need for any foreign workers.
TOMATOES POSSIBLE
Last year at this time there were 34,000
foreign workers in California. And by Sep-
tember 16 of last year there were 63,900.
Tieburg said his estimates are preliminary.
and that he hopes to have more precise
estimates of labor needs by July 15.
The crop most likely to need foreign work-
ers, he said, will be canning tomatoes.
"But it is possible that the tomato harvest
needs could be met if some drastic changes
are made to make the jobs more attractive.
"The tomatoes now are loaded in 50-pound
boxes. This pretty much eliminates hus-
band-wife teams and women workers. If
the box sizes could be cut and rates on a
piece-rate basis raised substantially, field
sanitation increased and other benefits pro-
vided, the labor needs might be met."
But tomato harvesting, he noted, is an
especially difficult job, compared with tree
crops, and it will not be easy to attract
enough workers especially because the peak
labor need in the State comes just as young
workers are starting to return to school.
Nevertheless, Tieburg Said, the State may
be faced with the paradox of having a sur-
plus of farmworkers even in the fall, and
still face a shortage of workers in the to-
mato harvest.
While the final estimates are not yet avail-
able, it is known that the tomato harvesting
machine is In part responsible for estimates
that relatively few foreign workers, if any,
will be needed for the early fall.
The huge machines, which can pick 100
tons of tomatoes a day, each replace about
40 workers or more.
Last year there were less than 100 such
machines in ' operation in the State.
This year, according to Robert Holt, presi-
dent of the Tomato Harvesting Association.,
the number is 262, 'and by next year it
should be over 500 machines."
CUT IN NUMBER
This means the number of workers needed
this season will be cut by over 6,000 from
last year because of the machines. And by
next year, the machines will be able to re-
place another 10,000.
Also, the growers last year had planted
143,000 acres of tomatoes. This year the
number has been cut to 110,000.
Holt said he originally recommended the
acreage cut because of a heavy carryover of
canned tomatoes from last year.
In other words, the original suggestions to
growers that they reduce their acreage of
tomato plantings by 23 percent this year
was based on an oversupply of canned to..
matoes, not on an anticipated labor shortage.
But Holt said the canning companies
moved their carryover from last year much
faster than expected, and so the acreage cut-
back ended up being due in part to the ex-
pectation of labor shortages.
Workers are still pouring into California
at an unprecedented rate, but Tieburg said
the rate is decreasing rapidly and will be
down sharply "as the word spreads that we
have no urgent farm labor needs."
Department of Agriculture inspection sta-
tions along California's borders estimated
that about 100 cars a day are coming into
the State with farm workers, compared with
about 25 a day at this time last year.
COUNT DROPS
Holt said the tomato growers are not nearly
as optimistic as Tieburg, who said he is
"hopeful" but not confident that the to-
mato growers will be able to get by with
only a few foreign workers, if any.
Tieburg pointed out that the number of
domestic farm workers in the State drops
rapidly from early September to the middle
of- October each year, and begins to drop
even earlier because of a return to school.
The aim this year, Tieburg said, is to keep
in farm labor jobs the thousands'of workers
who normally leave the farms just as the
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