CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300150013-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2003
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: May 13, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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00N6, SSTONAL RECORD SENATE .
Saturday or Sunday will find this area
cz'oWded' with people who have come to
gwiin or 'boat` or fish or picnic, or"simply
to walk about on its grassy and wooded
slopes; or to view its buffalo or longhorn's
or elk or pr"airie dogs. Over"Elie years,I
have seen this use grow and swell as"otir
population has grown and their leisure
time has increased, conditions which
have been duplicated in every area of this
nation.
Theodore Roosevelt? could well have
been speaking of this very area, which he
helped to establish, first as a national
forest and then as a -wildlife refuge, when
he said in his first message to Congress
in December "190i.:
And hundreds of persons, especially from
the immediate ; neighborhood, come back
each year to enjoy the privilege of camping.
Some, at least, of our forest reserves should
afford perpetual protection to the native
fauna and flora, sale havens of refuge for
our rapidly diminishing wild animals of the
large kind, and free camping grounds for
the ever-increasing numbers of the men and
women who have learned to find rest, health
and recreation in the splendid forests and
Sower-clad meadows of our mountains. The
forest reserves should be set apart forever
for the use and benefit of our people as a
whole.
I drive among those people enjoying
the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge,
and I know many of them and their cir-
cumstances. 'I have seen families of
Indians and Negroes and whites, who
come from homes of such modest means
that even the slightest charge for these
wondrous facilities would remove them
from their present enjoyment and use.
Are we to say to them, Mr. President,
that we are going to spend millions of
the taxpayers' money to take them out of
the state of mind and financial condition
called poverty, and say with another pro-
gram under this act which I seek to
amend, that we are going to charge them
for the little free enjoyment nature now
provides them? I hope we are not going
to say that, and,, if we pass this bill, we
will not say that and we will have an-
other opportunity to assure that it will
not be said by any agency of the Federal
Government.
There is another fine program which
this administration is now sponsoring.
It is called "See the U.S.A." It is a great
program and one which I heartily en-
dorse. That is the program under which
the Secretary of Commerce recently
said:
We are encouraging Americans to see the
beauty and majesty of their own country.
He said further:
You can help by emphasizing the human
values as well., as the scenic wonders of
traveling our great country.
He said:
It will benefit every citizen to journey forth
into our land, ' see the vast outdoors and
interesting cities of America, and visit ' our
,Wi toric shrines '
Ile said
We need to rediscover the spirit of America.
I submit that the "spirit of America,"
rediscovered, will once again be revealed
as encouraging the full and free enjoy-
ment of its natural beauties and wonders.
In furtherance of this program, "See
the U.S.A.;"' Congress 'has "passed House
Joint Resolution 658, designating the
year's 1964 and 1965 to-encourage "the
American people to explore, use, and en-
joy the scenic; historical, and -recrea-
tionaI areas and facilities" throughout
the country. Will they be met at the
gate by the toll collector?' When they
"see the U.S.A.," will they have to drop
some coins in the box every time they
tuns around?
The passage of the bill I introduce to-
day will leave Congress the right to re-
view the decision on those questions, and
when and where fees will be collected,
and' whether they will be in keeping with
the facilities provided, and whether the
paying public will pay as much for col-
lection of the fees as for the development
of new and existing facilities.
This is not a partisan matter, but I call
to memory the words contained in the
Democratic platform in 1960, wherein it
was stated:
The new Democratic administration will
develop balanced land and forest policies
suited to the needs of a growing America.
This means intensive forest management,
on a multiple-use and sustained yield basis,
reforestation of burned-over lands, building
public access roads, range reseeding and im-
provement, intensive work in watershed man-
agement, concerti for small business opera-
tions, and insuring free public access to pub-
lic lands for recreational purposes.
This was indeed a , truly laudable
statement of public policy. I hope it will
be adopted again, not by political parties,
but by Congress, by the passage of the
bill which I have Introduced.
Henry David Thoreau recognized the
public philosophy involved in the full en-
joyment of the great outdoors. He said:
I went to the woods because I wished to
live deliberately, to front only the essential
facts of life, and see if I could not learn what
it had to teach, and not, when I came to die,
discover that I had not lived.
Let us retain the public policy of this
country, concerning its great natural
beauties, wonders, and resources, in the
firm grasp of the Congress of the United
States, where it belongs.
Mr. McNAMARA. Mr. President, will
the.Senator from Oklahoma yield?
Mr. HARRIS. I yield.
Mr. McNAMARA. At. the outset, I
compliment the Senator on his excellent
presentation, in which he has expressed
strongly , his point of view concerning
charging the public for the use of Gov-
ernment-owned facilities. Does the Sen-
ator's bill in any manner provide funds
from the trust fund?
Mr. HARRIS. No; the bill does not
affect the trust fund itself. It is in two
particulars: First, it adds the Monroney
amendment of the last Congress, which
provides that fees cannot be charged, not
only for the use of waters, but also for
access thereto; and second, no entrance
or use fees, can. becofne effective until
they have been filed. with Congress, pro-
vided that during a pe'ri_oa 'of 9T, ays
neither louse has passed a disapproving
resolution. It eliminates some fees that
now might be charged and which might
affect the trust fund.
It does not affect the other portions
of the law which have to do with the sale
of surplus property and' taxes on gaso-
line and other fuels.
Mr.''McNAMARA. I do not have a
very clear answer to that. I understood
the last part of the remarks of the Sen-
ator, which dealt with reserving unto
Congress the right to pass upon it.
Mr. HARRIS. The Senator is correct.
Mr. McNAI,VIARA. Now we get into a
situation which might be a drain on the
so-called, trust fund. That already
amounts to $5. billion-plus, so far as the
roadbuilding fund is concerned.
Mr. HARRIS. It does not involve the
roadbuilding fund at all. There is a fund
set up under the act, which is called the
Water and Soil Conservation Act. This
would affect the public law and affect
the law to the extent that motorboat fuel
and the taxes thereon would go into this
fund.
Mr. McNAMARA. This would only
affect the fund, because the increased
motorboat traffic would be retained in
the fund established last year.
Mr. HARRIS. The Senator is correct.
That is not affected by my amendment.
That is contained in the present law.
I thank the Senator for his comments.
Mr. Prcesident, I yield the floor.
~6 ilk
THE ASSIGNMENT OF THE U.S.
COAST GUARD TO ASSIST THE
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM IN OFF-
SHORE PATROLS
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I welcome
the assignment of the U.S. Coast Guard
to assist the Republic of Vietnam in off-
shore patrols. This is work for which
the Coast Guard is preeminently suited.
Moreover, the assignment of white Coast
Guard cutters to this kind of task em-
phasizes that the United States is con-
cerned with bringing peace to this un-
happy country; that this is a peace-
keeping and law enforcement operation,
too. As a Coast Guard officer, I welcome
the fact that these vessels will continue
proudly to fly the Coast Guard commis-
sion pennant.
In this connection, I ask unanimous
consent that the attached article by
Sevellon Brown of the Providence Jour-
nal of May 4, 1965, be printed at this
point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows: _
[From the Providence (R.I.) Journal,
May 4, 1965]
TOPIC FOR TODAY: THE COAST GUARD GOES
TO VIETNAM
(By Sevellon Brown)
Units of the U.S. Coast Guard, Washington
has announced, are being sent to Vietnam
with the specific mission of suppressing
smuggling of arms and men to the Vietcong.
Thus this ancient and honorable branch
of the 'Government service returns simulta-
neously .to the wars and to its pristine
function.
Not many people nowadays, I imagine,
think of the Coast Guard as an antismug-
gling force. Yet that is precisely how it
all began.
In the years before the Revolution, smug-
gling contraband past the British author-
ities was not only highly profitable, but was
considered, an eminently patriotic endeavor.
Once independence had been won, this aura
of social respectability persisted. Men who
had earned their living for years by smug-
gling kept right on with their trade, and the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE May 13, 1965
general public tolerated and even applauded
the practice.
To the lufant.Amer ican-Oovernrpent, how-
ever, smuggling now seemed anything but
praiseworthy. Washington needed every
cent of revenue it could lag its hands ny, and
L 1. the systematic evasion of tariffs represented
a serious drain, The, first'Secret.ry of `the
Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was especially
worried about the problem, and it was he
who first proposed an armed force-'to combat
It. This explains the fact, which many
people find curious, that to this day, except
in time of war, the Coast Guard is an arm
of the Treasury Department.
What Hamilton aeked_ for-modgot in
1740-was "10'boats of 111 m 36,., 0 40, feet
keel ? * * each armed with swivels -guns
that could be girned in any direction-and
carrying plenty of canvas for top speed.
The Secretary estimated that "the cost of
one of these boats may be computed at
$1,000 and assured . Congress that they
would more than pay for themselves in in-
creased revenues. Re provet to be right.
Hamilton apparently guessed, though, that
the suppression of smuggling would not be
a particularly popular business. He wrote
further:
"The utility of an establishment of this
nature must depend on the exertion, vigi-
lance and fidelity of those to whom the
charge of the boats shall be confided * ? *
To procure such * * * it will, in the opin-
ion of the Secretary, be advisable that they
be commissioned as offtcers of the,. Navy.
This will not only induce fit men, the more
readily to engage, but will attach them to
their duty by a nicer sense 'of honor."
The first "revenue cutter," the Massachu-
setts, was launched at Newburyport in 1791.
She measured 50 feet from the Indian figure-
head at her prow to her square stern, had
a beam of 17 feet, 8 inches,_and a displace-
ment of 111/2 tons. Her armament consisted
of six swivel guns. '3o" sail her, President
George Washington named as the first "mas-
ter of a cutter in the service of the United
States for the protection of the revenue" a
New Hampshire man with the splendid Yan-
kee name of HopleyYeaton.
Captain Yeaton was paid $30 a month, and
his crew down to $4. Each man's rations
included "a half gill of rum, brandy, or
whisky." Though that pleasant perquisite
has long since disappeared, other hallmarks
of the early days have survived. The broad
collar at the back of the modern sailor's
blouse, for example, was designed originally
to catch dripping from pigtails tarred as
protection against salt water, and the famil-
iar bell bottom trousers were cut to roll up
easily over boots in heavy weather. The 13
buttons that joined blouse and trousers were
less utilitarian; they were intended to sig-
naIize, rather inconveniently, the number
of the Thirteen Original States.
The Revenue Marine, as it was first called,
turned out to be a smashing success. in a
relatively few years, smuggling was virtually
obliterated. The best evidence of the serv-
ice's achievement was the fact that the usu-
ally penny-pinching Congress steadily raised
its pay scales.
"l ut much bigger things were in store.
The Continental Navy had been blithely dis-
sol'ed In-1785, and for 8 years until the
U.$, Navy was founded in 1'798, the Revenue
Marine was all navy we had. Thus it was
a matter of sheer necessity that Congress
empowered the President to join the cutters
to lie Regular Navy whenever he considered
that necessary. Under this authority, the
Coast Guard has fought in every war the
United States has ever fought at, sea
The record is a proud and varied one.
Over the generations, the_ Coast Guard has
chased li'rench privateers, engaged the far-
midable British fleet In the War of 1812,
participated in the first Union victory of
the Civil War, helped blockade Cuba in the
Spanish-American War, undertaken hazard-
ous convoy and antisubmarine duty in
World War I, manned many a Pacific landing
craft in World War II.
In i,)etween warrs, the Coast Guard may
justly claim to have been },lu@ier than any
other. _F_services. It has bajxied pirates
tbrGUgh the-Caribbean, combatted the slave
trade, performed miracles of rescue work in
the Arctic, and fought . the rumrunners of
prohibition days-the last an activity no
more popular than Its original mission. It
has been estimated that In the 70 years
from 11871 to 1941, the Coast Guard saved
more than 200,000 lives and close to $2 bil-
lion worth of property; the figures today, of
course, would be,far higher.
Now 17 modern, high-speed cutters are on
their way to southeast Asia, once again on
an antismuggling mission. It is smuggling
of a very different kind, to be sure, but we
may imagine that Alexander Hamilton would
be proud.
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, the natural
followup to the assignment of these
Coast Guard cutters is that they
should-'be replaced and for this reason
I support the bill introduced by the
senior Senator from Washington to this
effect. It is a fair and just bill and
will mean that the services that have
and are being rendered by these Coast
Guard cutters in the United States and
its waters will continue to be maintained
in the future on the same high plane
they have always been.
THE PENDING VISIT OF PRESI-
DENT PARK, OF KOREA
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, Americans
have a notoriously short memory-par-
ticularly in foreign affairs. In this con-
nection, I have always viewed as un-
fortunate our diminishing interest in Ko-
rean affairs since the signing of the truce.
But the arrival for a fortnight's visit of
His Excellency Chung Hee Park, Presi-
dent of the Republic of Korea, provides
us with an opportunity not only to wel-
come a steadfast ally, but also to exam-
ine the exciting economic and political
progress made by his country in recent
years.
Changing conditions always come in
advance of awareness. Most Americans,
when they think of Korea at all, think of
a war-devastated' landscape, a stagnant
economy, a nation with staggering unem-
ployment, vast food shortages, and a
shortage of development capital. But
the facts show a difference. The indus-
trial production index has risen, in Ko-
rea, by 60 percent since 1960.
In 1959 and 1960, over a million dol-
lar's worth of cement were annually im-
ported. In 1965 the Republic of Korea,
with five cement plants, was an exporter
of cement,
Production of coal since 1960 has
doubled,
Some $10 million worth of plywood
are exported a year.
Korea is the largest exporter of stra-
tegic tungsten in the free world.
Sewing machine production has risen
from 22,000 to 150,000 units; bicycles
from 38,000 to 155,000 units.
All in all, this significant expansion of
the Korean economy has increased its
annual export rate from $30 million in
1960 to an estimated $170 million in 1965.
So dramatic has been Korea's ability to
create the sinews of a productive nation-
electrical energy and coal and oil sup-
plies, that it is now on the verge of a very
real economic leap forward. And for this
alone, we should thank President Park,
for as Korea's economy has expanded so
has Korea's dependence on American eco-
nomic aid decreased. There are to be
sure remaining substantial problems of
economic stabilization and balanc: of
payments. But, the Republic of Korea
stands as a model for all those Asian
states which are striving to increase their
standard of living while advancing the
political freedom of their population.
They have but to look.
I am sorry to point out, however, that
we Americans had our attention drawn
elsewhere while these developments were
taking place in Korea, and while another
development of momentous import was
taking place there.
On April 3, a basic agreement between
Japan and the Republic of Korea was
initialled, paving the way for a peace
treaty between those two countries; at
long last ending World War II. The
agreements are of great importance to
friends of both Japan and Korea. They
settled the troublesome problem of fish-
ing rights. They provide for a total of
at least $800 million in reparations, long-
term, low-interest loans to Korea, and
private loans.
And, of great interest to us in the
West, they provide for a "liquidation of
the unfortunate past." The agreements
declare to be "null and void from the
very beginning" all previous Korea-
Japanese agreements including the an-
nexation treaty of 1910. Article 3
states:
It is confirmed that the Government of
the Republic of Korea is the only lawful
government in Korea.
The agreements in many other areas
go far to the creation of conditions that
will bring vast economical benefit to both
Korea and Japan.
Ths treaty was negotiated by the gov-
ernment of President Chung Hee Park,
despite the disapproval of many Koreans
in every walk of life whose memories; of
a generation of Japanese occupation
have led many to oppose any agreement
at all, and led others to demand what I
believe to be excessively harsh repara-
tions. Indeed, President Park may be
said to have taken his political life in
his hands by this act of statesmanship.
Finally, the Republic of Korea aas
been able to contribute over 2,000 troops
to our effort to preserve freedom in Viet-
nam and has even offered to send more.
We should not forget when we welcome
President Park that Korea's recent
economic progress has been mare in an
atmosphere of political freedom and with
the burden of 650,000 men under arns,
the fourth largest army in the wor16..
This is, all told, a proud record for a
small nation so recently ravaged by w ar.
America should welcome President Park
with a real sense of pride and respect.
ADJOURNMENT
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under
the order previously entered, the Sen-
ate will stand in adjournment until 12
o'clock noon tomorrow.
Thereupon (at 5 o'clock and 26 min-
utes p.m.) the Senate adjourned, under
the order previously entered, until to-
morrow, Friday, May 14, 1965, at 12
o'clock meridian.
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 R! May 13, 1965
1.- 11,11 j drugs appears mostly in the basic work
in the acaden,ic.ilistitution, through sup-
i
idu
l
c
t
ov
e
st
s
i
n
i
, pr
i-
port of the ind
v
a
sion of facilities and equipment, or. per-
haps overall general support of the, in-
stitution. Not supported by Government
in most instances is the capability to per-
form large-scale animal tests or molec-
ular modification, production research
apd development, or a dozen other tasks
necessary to the introduction of a new
agent. In nearly every case, these tasks
are. performed at great private expense
by the pharmaceutical industry and con-
sume no public or academic funds.
Given this context for the development
of drugs, and realizing the immense im-
portance of these products to the public
health, the question that must be raised
is, What incentive is there to drug manu-
facturers if the. patent is confiscated by
the Government and emasculated, by
blind licensing that in truth amounts to
burying the patent in Government
largesse? Is no value to be placed on
the $4.3 million invested to bring a new
drug to market by the drug industry?
The result of HEW policies is to dis-
courage progress in pharmaceutical re-
search. There is real and mounting dis-
content in universities, Government, and
industry over the inhibition placed on
collaborative efforts.
Dr. Kenneth M, Endicott, Director of
the National Cancer Institute, found
fault with the practice in 1962, writing
of his deep concern over our present
patent policy and operating trends:
One man conceives the idea, another syn-
thesizes the chemical, another proves its
structure, and still others prove its utility
in the clinic, but the Surgeon General is ex-
pected to claim all rights even though Public
Health Service support is negligible.
Others note that in some Government
departments the patent policies appear
to be, at odds with PHS:, Dr. J. H. Burck-
halter, of the American Chemical So-
ciety, observes "unwarranted distrust,
misunderstanding, emotionalism, and an
ingredient of politics have led the Gov-
ernment to`favor defense industries over
the pharmaceutical," Comments from
other leaders in academic research-
cen-ters call the PHS policy "too stringent."
Says one:
The present policy, which supposedly is for
the purpose of protecting the public welfare,
will in the long run be detrimental to it.
White House Science and Technology
Director Dr. Donald H. Hornig has re-
cently written to Senator' HILL pointing
out:
To get industrial companies to commit
their best skills and know-how, it may be
necessary in some cases for the Government
to offer patent incentives.
He has sugegsted a need for general
legislation on. Government patent policy,
after appropriate consideration by the
Congress, a suggestion worth remember-
ing.
But implicit in his statement may be a
feeling that special concessions are need-
ed to obtain industrial interest in a given
project. I hope that would be necessary
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RECORD ~11 OUSE
public's point-of, view, it is more reason-
able to allocate patent rights in anequi-
table fashion among those agencies and
institutions responsible for the existence
of the patented articles, and stop there.
Included in such asolution should be
just provision for exclusive licensing, in
order to preserve the purposes of the
patent even when title may be in the
Government.
Industry should not ask for special
consideration; it is not accustomed to it,
and does not need it. It needs and de-
serves a just share of the rewards it
earns through its own efforts, and noth-
ing more.
Certainly the President's Commission
can do a great public service by resolving
this complex and vital matter and thus
removing a wasteful and intolerable ob-
stacle to progress. While it does its work,
Congress need not complicate matters
with ill-contrived and shortsighted at-
tempts to take for the Government what
belongs to others.
The President is to be congratulated
for convening this body. Let us hope it
fulfills the expectations set for it and
thus enhances our patent system's effec-
tiveness and its example for the rest of
the world.
ECONOMIC DE LOPMENT . PRO-
GRAM FOR SOUTH VIETNAM
'The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
a previous order of the House, the gen-
tleman from Michigan [Mr. VIVIAN] is
recognized for 5 minutes.
(Mr. VIVIAN asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous material.)
Mr. VIVIAN. Mr.. Speaker, today, the
President of the United States, made be-
fore a national audience a most eloquent
presentation of the economic develop-
ment program which our country has
supported in the war-torn land of South
Vietnam. I commend the President for
a splendid speech.
A week ago, in response to the request
from the President for supplemental
funds to support the military forces now
in Vietnam, I voted, as did most others,
to provide the funds requested. But
several weeks hence, bills authorizing
and appropriating funds for continuing
the equally vital economic aid and de-
velopment programs in Vietnam will also
come before this House. In the past,
such foreign aid legislation has not fared
as well in the House as has military
forces legislation. I hope the numerous
Members of the House who stood. ready
to support the President last week, will
in the same near-unanimous way vote
also for the economic aid.
Mr. Speaker, I_would like. to turn now
to a related question, the question of
whether or not U.S. volt ciesinVigtnam
are and ought to. be subject tounre-
strained public.discussion,and debate,.
] !Ir. Speaker, this coming Saturday,
senior officers of the Government are ex-
pected to participate as the President's
representatives in a public debate here in
Washington on our policies and plans for
In, sponsored by-university professors
from our various States.. I call the at-
tention of Members of this House to
the event so that interested Members
can attend. The meeting will be held at
the Sheraton Park hotel, from 9 a .m.
to 12 midnight. Participants from the
very highest echelons of the administra-
tion, including the President's special
assistant, Mr. McGeorge Bundy, will be
there to present the` current policies. I
frankly doubt, however, that any one of
them will be able to surpass, in clarity and
eloquence, the President's own message
this morning.
Many of the leaders who organized
this and earlier similar discussions have
come from the faculty of the University
of Michigan in my district. These in-
dividuals state and I concur in this view,
that they believe strongly that vital ac-
tivities and policies of our democratic
Government, such as those in Vietnam,
should be thoroughly discussed in public.
They are committed to the concept that
the benefits of continuous public scrut-
iny of our policies on critical matters,
far outweigh any possible risks. Quite
evidently, the President concurs, for he is
encouraging able participants from his
administration to present his views. I
hope the other participants present will
recognize his deep commitment, by pre-
senting constructive criticism or mean-
ingful alternatives. Emotional outbursts
based on hollow dialectic do not belong
in the debate.
Now remarks have been made by some
in the public media which would seem
to question the essential concept of pub-
lic scrutiny and also to.,question the
right of individual citizens to dissent
vocally .,from eurxent national policies.
I believe no Member of this House, con-
scious of our Nation's great democratic
traditions, would deny this essential con-
cept or this right.
Now, of course, my remarks here today
may be construed by some as meaning
that I implicitly support all arguments
which may be advanced by any critics of
the administration policy who may speak
at this meeting, or that I am opposed to
all aspects of the President's policy.
Such most certainly is not the case. I
believe strongly that many features of
the President's policy today are .patently
wise and necessary, whether popular or
not. But I do respectfully suggest that
we Members of this House consider
whether or not we ourselves have ade-
quately discussed and reviewed these
matters. As our colleague from New
York [Mr. ROSENTHAL], a member of
the House Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions; has suggested several times, a full,
reasoned and unemotional discussion of
this policy, public "or private, here in the
House of Representatives, could provide
each individual Member with the basis
for a commitment and should serve to
strengthen our and our constituentsre-
solve, to undergo. the difficult_sacriflces
it may demand.
Mr. Speaker, ,,.I append, herewith the
'text of the President's incisive and cou
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RB r sFA.nkZR5C 0' T3IE pAS4 TUT ds~o EITT O~,`Di K a c llA-
'IXdN OOON 'S
IN T5E EAST PtoOM WY IL 1965 .
flood mornitag ladies: and,gen lemen,'and
my friends of the Association of American
Editorial Cartogriiste I am,xeryhappy that
you requested through the press office this
crp}iortunitp for us to meet together, because
after looking at Some of the cartoons you
have drawn, I thought I'd invite you over to
see, me in person. After all, I"had nothln.g to
lose.
I know that t am talkl{ig to the most
influential journalists in America. Reporters
may write and politicians may talk but what
you draw remains in the public memory long
after these other words are forgotten. That
is why, after I learned that you would "be
here and we would meet together that I put
together some notes to discuss with you
while you were in "Washington, a very little
known side of our activity in one of the
most vital places in the world-South Viet-
naln,
The war in Vietnam has many faces.
There is the face of armed conflict of
terror and gunfire-of bomb-heavy planes
and campaign-weary soldiers. In this con-
ffict our only object 1s to prove that-force
will meet force, that armed conquest is futile,
nndthat aggression is not only wrong, but it
Just will not work.
And the Communists in Vietnam are slowly
beginning to realize what they once scorned
to believe: that we combine unlimited
patience with unlimited resources in pursuit
oaf an unwavering purpose.
'We will not abandon our commitment to
tOtth Vietnam.
axe second face of war in Vietnam is the
+t for a political solution-the face of
lomacy and politics-of the ambitions
and the interests of other nations We know,
,as our adversaries should also. know, that
there is.no purely military solution in sight;
los either side. We are ready for uncoudi-
'tt5 al discussions. Most of the non-Comgiu-
idlstt nations of the world favor such un
-cGhditional discussions. And it would clearly
be in the interest of North'Vietnam to now
iname to the conference table, For them
tecontinuation, of war, without talks, means
only damage without conquest. Communist
China apparently desires tfie war to con-
tinue whatever the cost to their allies. Their
target is not merely ,South Vietnam, it is
Ada. Their objective is not the fulfillment
etnamese nationalism. It is to erode
.And :to discredit America's ability to help
event Chinese domination over all of Asia.
In this domination they shall never sue-
csaaed. And I am continuing and I am in-
ereasing the search for every possible path to
peace.
The third face of war in Vietnam is, at
orrice, the most tragic and most hopeful. It
is the face of human need. It is the in-
ttded.:sick, the hungry family and the illit-
erate child. It is men and women, many
without shelter, with rags for clothing, strug-
wlinig for survival in a very rich and a very
fertile land.
It is the most important battle of all.in
which we are engaged. For a nation cannot
13# built by armed power or by political agree-
9eA.t. It will rest on the expectation by in-
dividual men, and women that their future
Will be better than their past;.
tt.ls not enough to just fight against some-
thing. People must fight for something, and
the people of South Vietnam must know that
after the Tong,' brutal journey through the
dark tunnel of conflict there breaks the light
of a happier day. And only if this is so, can
they be expected to sustain the enduring
l for continued strife. only in this way
assn long-run stability and peace come to
'heir land.
And there is another, more profound rea-
son. In Vietnam comrgunissn seeks to really
impose its will by force of arms. But we
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CONGRESSIdNAL RECOLkD - HOUSE May
would be deeply mistaken to think that this
was the olp weapon. here, as other places
in the world, they speak to restless people-
people rising`to`shatterthe' old ways which
have imprisoned hope-people fiercely and
justly reaching for the material fruits from
the tree of modern knowledge.
It is this desire, and not simply lust for
conquest, which moves many of the individ-
'tIal fighting men that we must now, sadly,
call the enemy.
It is, therefore, our task to show that free-
dom from the control of other nations offers
the surest road to progress; that history and
experience testify to this truth. But it is not
enough to Call upon reason or point to ex-
amples. We must show it through action
and we must show it through accomplish-
ment, and even were there no war-either hot
or cold-we would always be active in hu-
manity's search for progress. This task is
commanded to us by the moral values of our
civilization, and it rests on the inescapable
nature of the world that we have now en-
tered. For in that world, as long as we can
foresee, every threat to man's welfare will be
a threat to the welfare of our own people.
Those who live in the emerging community
of nations will ignore the perils of their
neighbors at the risk of their own prospects.
This is true not only for Vietnam but for
every part of the developing world. This is
why, on your behalf, I recently proposed a
massive, cooperative development effort for
all of southeast Asia. I named the respected
leader, Eugene Black, as my personal repre-
sentative to inaugurate our participation in
these programs.
Since that time rapid progress has been
made, I am glad to report. Mr. Black has
met with the top officials of the United Na-
tions on several occasions. He has talked to
other interested parties; He has found in-
creasing enthusiasm. The United Nations is
already setting up new mechanisms to help
carry forward the work of development.
In addition, the United States is now pre-
pared tq participate in, and to support, an
Asian development bank, to carry out and
help finance the economic progress in that
area of the world, and the development that
we desire to see in that area of the world.
So this morning I call on every other in-
dustrialized nation, including the Soviet
Union, to help create a better life for all of
the people of southeast Asia. Surely, surely,
the works of peace can bring men together
in a common effort to abandon forever the
works of war.
But, as South Vietnam is the central place
of conflict, It is also a principal focus of our
work, to increase the well-being of people. It
is in that effort in South Vietnam which I
think we are too little informed, and which
I want to relate to you this morning.
We began in 1954 when Vietnam became
independent, before the war between the
north and the south. Since that time we
have spent more than $2 billion in economic
help for the 16 million people of South Viet-
nam. And despite the ravages of war we
have made steady continuing gains. We
have concentrated on food, and health, and
education, and housing, and industry.
Like most developing countries, South
Vietnam's economy rests on agriculture.
Unlike many, it has large' uncrowded areas
of very rich, and very fertile land. Because
of this, it. is one of the great rice bowls of
the entire world. With -our help, since 1954,
South Vietnam has already doubled its rice
production, providing food for the people, as
well as providing a vital export for that
nation.
We have put our American farm know-
how to work on other crops. This year, for
Instance, several hundred million cuttings of
a new variety of sweet potato, that promises
a sixfold increase in yield, will be distributed
to these Vietnamese farmers. Corn output
should rise from 25,000 tons in 1962 to 100,-
s
13, 19o.5
000 tons by 1966. Pig production has more
than doubled since 1955. Many animal dis-
eases have been eliminated entirely.
Disease and epidemic brood over every
Vietnamese village. In a country of more
than 16 million people with a life expectancy
of only 35 years, there are only 200 civilian
doctors. If the Vietnamese had doctors in
the same ratio as the United States has doc-
tors, they would have not the 200 that they
do have but they would have more than. 5,600
doctors.
We have helped vaccinate, already, over 7
million people against cholera, and million
more against other diseases. Hundreds of
thousands of Vietnamese can now rece..ve
treatment in the more than 12,000 hamlet
health stations that America has built and
has stocked. New clinics and surgical suites
are scattered throughout that entire cotin-
try; and the medical school that we are now
helping to build will graduate as many doc-
tors in a single year as now serve the entire
population of South Vietnam.
Education is the keystone of future devel-
opment in Vietnam. It takes a trained peo-
ple to man the factories, to conduct the aui-
ministration, and to form the human foun-
dation for an advancing nation. More ti an
a quarter million young Vietnamese (an
now learn in more than 4,000 classrooms
that America has helped to build in the last
2 years; and 2,000 more schools are going to
built by us in the next 12 months. The
number of students in vocational schools
has gone up four times. Enrollment was
300,000 in 1955, when we first entered there
and started helping with our program. To-
day it is more than 1,500,000. The 8 million
textbooks that we have supplied to Vietna-
mese children will rise to more than 15 mil-
lion by 1967.
Agriculture is the foundation. Health,
education, and housing are the urgent hu-
man needs. But industrial development is
the great pathway to their future. '
When Vietnam was divided, most of the
industry was in the north. The south was
barren of manufacturing and the founda-
tions for industry. Today, more than 'TOO
new or rehabilitated factories-textile mills
and cement plants, electronics and plastics-
are changing the entire face of that nation.
New roads and communications, railroad
equipment, and electric generators, are a
spreading base on which this new industry
can, and is, growing. All this progress goes
on, and it is going to continue to go on, tin-
der circumstances of staggering adversity.
Communist terrorists have made aid pro-
grams that we administer a very special tar-
get of their attack. They fear them. They
know they must fear them because agricul-
tural stations are being destroyed and medi-
cal centers are being burned. More than 100
Vietnamese malaria fighters are dead. Our
own AID officials have been wounded and
kidnapped. These are not just the acci-
dents of war. They are a part of a deliberate
campaign, in the words of the Communists,
"to cut the fingers off the hands of the
government." We intend to continue, and
we intend to increase our help to Vietnam..
Nor can anyone doubt the determination
of the South Vietnamese themselves. They
have lost more than 12,000 of their rr.en
since I became your President a little o?ier
a year ago.
But progress does not come from invest-
ment alone, or plans on a desk, or even the
directives and the orders that we approve
here in Washington. It takes men. tv:en
.must take the seed to the farmer. Men
must teach the use of fertilizer. Men must
help in harvest. Men must build the
schools, and men must instruct the students.
Men must carry medicine into the jungle and
treat the sick, and shelter the homeless.
And men-brave, tireless, filled with love or
their fellows-are doing this today. They
are doing it through the long, hot, danger-
filled Vietnamese days and the sultry nights.
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 _ May 13, 1965 'NN"'""" . v~ tJ S ~i~S A`Y,~ E~(SRD r"HOUSEVIIVVVJ VV -JVV
South Vietn rags tha ,,are ..la>xpr and land and named by the late Pope John XXIII
dying for their own people ,and their own (Mr. DANIELS (at the request of Mr. In 1962.
nation. In c itals and achools, along the VIVIAN) was granted permission to ex- Elected president of the ACCM on April 3,
rice fields aid. lie roams, they continue to tend his remarks at this point in the his first function was to represent the arch-
labor, never knowing when death or terror RECORD and to include extraneous mat- diocese at the convention of the National
may strike. ter.) Council of Catholic Men in Dallas.
Sow incredible it is that there axe a Xew. Mr. DANIELS. Mr. Speaker, last While there a particular experience was
who still say that the South Vietnamese do month I introduced a bill to establish a meeting Very Rev. Oscar Huber, C.M? who
not want t0 continue- the struggle, They are administered the last rites to the assasi-
sacrificing and thew are dying by the thou- Presidential Commission to study Ways nated President John F. Kennedy.
sands. Their patient valor in the heavy of combating pornography on all levels "Father Huber," he recalls, "was watching
presence of personal, physical danger should of government. the motorcade on television when the fatal
be a helpful lesson to those of us who, here The response to my bill has been very shot was fired. He raced to the hospital
in' America, only have to read about it, or heartening. I have received mail from where he is chaplain, arriving moments after
hear about it on the television or radio. all parts of the Nation supporting the the President was brought in."
We have-our own herpes who labor at the, legislation which I have introduced. Davis' honors are not the sudden type. He
works of peace in the midst of war. They has held a variety of high offices in the Coun-
toil unarmed and out- of uniform. _ The.. H.R. 7465 is, in my opinion, a bill which cil of Catholic Men, the Knights of Columbus,
know the humanity of their concern does every Member should Support. Civic Holy Name Society, and St. Vincent de Paul
not exempt them from the horrors of con- leaders and educators from coast to coast Society.
flict, yet they go on from day to day. They are now urging action against the in- In all of these posts, he has been a working,
bring food to the hungry over there. They creasing availability of hard core per- shirt-sleeve type officer. He has not ne-
supply the sick with necessary medicine. nography. glected civic affairs either. Since November
They help the farmer with his crops, fami- In the May 10 edition of the Jersey 1962 he has been chairman of the Hudson
lies to find clean water',, villages to receive County Planning Board, having served with
the healing miracles of electricity. These Journal, a paper with great influence in the board since its inception the previous
are Americans who have joined our AID New Jersey, there is a story about a very year.
program, and we welcome others to their distinguished citizen of Jersey City who His education is all local, St. Aloysius Paro-
ranks. is vitally concerned with curbing the chial School, St. Peter's Prep, and St. Peters'
For most, Americans this is an easy war. traffic in smut. College where he received his degree in 1939.
Men fight and men suffer and men die, as George E. Davis is a Knight of St.
they always do in war. But the lives of most Gregory, a high papal honor, and is pres-
of us, at least those of us in this room and Ident of the Newark Archdiocesan Coun- FINANCING FOR YOUTH
those listening to me this abundance are un- OPPORTUNITY CENTERS
troubled. Prosperity rises, abundance in- oil of Catholic Men. He has served the
creases, the Nation flourishes. United States with distinction in World (Mr. JOELSON (at the request of Mr.
I will report to the Cabinet when I leave War II and is a successful businessman. VIVIAN) was granted permission to ex-
this room that we are in the 51st mouth of He is, in my opinion, typical of the good tend his remarks at this point in the
continued prosperity, the longest peacetime citizen who wants to see something done RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
prosperity for America since our country was about pornography, ter.)
founded. Yet our entire future to at,stake.
What a I think all Members of this House will Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, no
could only call all upon e a it
small would fraction make of f our we find this story about Mr. Davis interest- phase of the Employment Service is more
unmatched private resources-businesses and ing. He is no little old lady in tennis intensified than the expanding youth
unions, agricultural groups and builders-if shoes or puritan fanatic. He is an Amer- program, parts of which are already
we could call them to the task of peaceful ican father who is concerned with the operational and others still in the
progress in Vietnam. With such a spirit of effect of smut on our youngsters. Fur- planning stages. The problems of un-
patriotic sacrifice we might well strike an thermore, he is doing something about employed youth and particularly those
irresistible illow for freedom there and for it.
freedom throughout the world.
youth from impoverished families, in a
1, therefore, hope that every person within The article follows: time of the highest overall employment
the sound of my voice in this county this HE'S THE NEWS-VETERAN FIGHTER TAaES ON in our Nation's history, has prompted
morning will look for ways-and those citi- SMUT the establishment of youth opportunity
zens of other nations who believe in human- George E. Davis, Knights of St. Gregory and centers in metropolitan areas through-
ity as we do, I hope that,they will find ways president of the Newark Archdiocesan Coun- out the Nation.
to help progress in South Vietnam. cif of Catholic Men has four sons (another It has been recognized that the Em-
This, then, is the third face of our struggle died in infancy), "and I'intend to see to it ployment Service cannot create jobs and
in Vietnam. It was there-the illiterate, the that they are not exposed to the filth so that there is a need for additional pub-
hungry, the sick-before this war began. It easily purchased on too many of our news-
will be there when peace comes to us--and stands" lie expenditure to meet the chronic
so will we. Not with soldiers and planes, While soft-spoken, Davis, who lives at 630 needs of large numbers of youthful ap-
not with bombs and bullets, but with all the Bergen Avenue, Jersey City, with his wife, plicants who are not fully employable
wonderous weapons of peace in the 20th Catherine Walter Davis, and their offspring at this time in the private sector of our
century. has a military background which attests to economy. Manpower Development and
And then, perhaps, together, all of the his tough masculinity. Training Act amendments have already
people of the world, can Share that gracious He spent 5 years in the Navy in World War furnished a valuable number of new op-
task with all the people of Vietnam, north II, 1 year on destroyers, the other 4 in sub-
and south alike. marines. He saw duty in four theaters rang- portumties for the development of
Thank you for coming this morning. Good ing from the Atlantic and Mediterranean to greater employability among youth.
morning. the Pacific. The antipoverty bill with its work-
It takes prodding to get him to discuss his training, work-study, and job corps pro-
(Mr. GONZA~,EZ (at the request of Mr. decorations but they are worth mentioning: visions offers important new resources
The Silver Star, Bronze Star, personal Presi- for the preparation of youth for regular
VIVIAN) was granted, permission to ex- dential citation; three commendations from employment. The youth opportunity
tend his remarks at this point in the Adm. William Halsey, and a personal citation center staff will work closely with these
RECORD and to include extraneous from the late Secretary of the Navy James
matter.) Forrestal. programs in an effort to insure that as
Now vice president of Scott Printing Co., many needy youth as possible will be
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear Jersey City, Davis has launched a consistent recipients of the benefits of these new
hereafter in the Appendix.] attack on the easy distribution of indecent programs,
literature. To better cope with the complex
"It's bad enough that adults can buy this
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of Mr, scum, but irreparable damage can result problems of youth and especially disad-
VIVrnN) was granted permission to ex- when teenagers are exposed to it." vantaged youth, the centers' staff must
tend his remarks at this point in the Ile is a much-sought speaker on this sub- be highly skilled and trained. They
RECORD and.. -to,, include extraneous ject, his most recent appearance at the an- must be qualified to decide at what point
matter.) nual communion breakfast oly eSt, Joseph's the youth is ready for placement either
Holy Name Society. on a job or in one of the many Federal
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear In his lapel he wears the rosette of a or State training programs. Special
hereafter in the Appendix.] Knight of St. Gregory. He was recommended training is, required for all persons
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CONGRESSIONAL RECOID -HOUSE May 13, 19C5
THE
whether profqssional counselors,, inter- ESOLUTIONS OF THE NATIONAL
OF
viewers, youth advisers who are not col- Ft SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF THE
lege trained, or volunteers who offer their AMERICAN REVOLUTION
services to the center to help youth. The
training and development is a continu- (Mr. HALEY (at the request of Mr.
ing process and requires the use of tech- VIVIAN) was granted permission to extend
nical con. Ultants in a variety of fields his remarks at this point in the RECORD
such as psychiatry, psychology, m(Ah- and to include extraneous matter.)
tine, and social work. to keep the center Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, I have
staff, current in their knowledge of serv- asked permission to place in the CoN-
ices which might be of benefit to the GRESSIONAL RECORD the resolutions which
applicant. were adopted by the 75th Congress of
In addition, the counselor may have the National Society of the Sons of the
to seek technical assistance and advice American Revolution.
concerning the youth applicant who pre- Here is an organization of responsible
sents special problems. Such consulta- citizens, men who are the direct descend-
tions are costly but often quite essential ants of those courageous men and women
in order to develop the youth's maxi- who founded our Nation and its Govern-
mum employability. ment. Its members are dedicated to up-
Salaries for skilled counseling staff holding those fundamental principles
must be competitive in a market in which from which our constitutional Govern-
the supply will probably never meet the ment developed. I would urge my col-
demand. In addition to demands for leagues to read carefully the official ex-
counselors by our growing number of pressions of the Sons of the American
schools, many more public and private Revolution, which follow, and to note
agencies and organizations are also In those matters which are of concern to
search of qualified counselors. Although them, because they are of concern to
in amongst us reactionary medieval ideolo-
gies from communistic and other totalitar-
ian states, utterly inconsistent with the polit-
ical philosophy of our Founding Fathers:
Be it, therefore,
Resolved, That we, the members of the Na-
tional Society of the Sons of the American
Revolution, in congress assembled, do hereby
reaffirm the declarations of the first Amer-
ican revolutionists, and swear eternal hostil-
ity against all forms of governmental op-
pression, and against every form of tyranny
over the mind of man, and to further imple-
ment these rights and declarations, we un-
equivocally support:
1. The voluntary reading of the Holy Bible
and the voluntary offering of prayers in cur
schools;
2. The rights of the States, in the ex 'r-
cise of their sovereign powers not specifically
granted to the Federal Government;
3. A strict separation of powers amongst
the legislative, judicial and executive
branches of the Federal Government, as ,et
out in the Constitution;
4. Adherence to the Monroe Doctrine, in
the right and duty of the United States to
protect itself, its people, and this hemisphere
from invasion, infiltration, and subversion
by foreign forces;
5. Endorsement of the admonitions of
many Americans today:
the supply of counselors is increasing George Washington, contained in his farewell
it cannot keep pace with the growing RESOLUTION 1 address to the American peoples; and
demand. Resolution to declare the political and eco- 6. Appropriate action toward the free.ng
Research shows that counseling service nomic rights which protect the dignity and of American prisoners who are held in Com-
when effective, is often lengthy and time freedom of the individual, and what is munist jails.
consuming. This would be particularly deemed necessary to Implement such We view with alarm and oppose:
true in the center where intensive court- rights 1. The growing dictatorship of the exe,:u-
Whereas the great message of the Ameri- tive branch of the Government, which, to rise
seling interviews cannot be limited in can Revolutionists of 1776 to the world was the words of the Declaration of Independ-
nunber or length without a reluctant that the state exists for the people, not the ence, is constantly erecting a multitude of
loss of "rapport" or contact with the people for the state; that the human dignity new offices and sending out swarms of officers
counselee. The use of a variety of tech- of the Individual means something and al- to harass our people and to eat out their sus-
niques can be more effective with hard- ways must be fiercely protected by courts tenance;
to-reach applicants and the use of such and juries from governmental oppression, and 2. Any limitation upon man's economic
equipment such as motion pictures and and from every form of tyranny over the frond om by unwarranted and excessive taxa-
other visual aids is vital- to the overall mind of man; and
Whereas to understand and maintain this 3. Actions of those who would surrender
effectiveness of the program. any part of the Government of the United
The minimum requirements for the and too pass ss i it of intalife, ct by to succeeding exemplary conduct,
genera- - States to any association of governments or
and to
network of youth opportunity centers tions, is the responsibility of every true to any international government;
now being established must be met in American; and 4. Proposed legislation on immigration
order to provide our needy youth with Whereas the political and economic rights which, if adopted, will destroy the sr:fe-
the skills and tools which are-now re- which protect the dignity and freedom of guards now provided by the McCarran-
the individual include: Walter Immigration and Nationality Act of
gaited and will continue to be required The right to worship God in one's own 1952, and will increase immigration into the
by employers today and in the future. way; United States, thereby aggravating unr;m-
It should be the policy of this Govern- The right to free speech and press; ployment and welfare problems now existing;
merit to give firm support and endorse- The right to petition for redress of 5. The rapidly mounting increase in crime
merit to .the purpose and operation of grievances; throughout the United States in all areas
these centers. They are proving to be The right to privacy in our homes; under Federal control, including the 'District
a unique venture Into our expanding ef- The right of habeas corpus, and no exces- of Columbia, which endanger the personal
safety of the individual citizen; and we sup-
forts to relieve the economic plight of slue bail; port those who are petitioning the Federal
The right to trial by jury under the dot- p g
our unemployed youth. Government to reestablish protective meas-
trine that everyone is innocent until proven personal safety of the
711 making this assertion, I speak from guilty; urea to insure the p y
firsthand knowledge; for one of these The right to move about freely and safely individual citizen in all areas under Federal
youth opportunity centers will Open in at home and abroad; control, even including the District of Co-
my district in the very near future. I can The right of all citizens to keep and bear ,umbra; and
assure you that it will fill a real and im- arms; 6. The repeal of section 14(b) of the Taft-
mediate need. The right to own private property; Hartley Act.
The right to free elections and personal
I would like to propose that the Con- RESOLUTION 2
secret ballot;
greys follow the recommendation of the The right to work in callings and localities Resolution to authorize the president-i;en-
House Appropriations Committee, of of our choice; eral, in his discretion, to appoint a special
which I am a member, and speedily en- The 'right to bargain with our employers committee to investigate the eligibilit;l of
act legislation so that available funds can and employees; the proposed Hall of Fame for Patriots of
be utilized. The right to go into business to compete the Revolution at Edenton, N.C., for en-
Unless this problem of financing is met and make a profit; dorsement by the National Society, Sons
The right to contract about our affairs; of the American Revolution
and solved, then the entire program of The right to the service of government as Whereas there has been inaugurates a
the youth opportunity centers is in ;;rave a protector and referee; and movement which has as its purpose the
danger. But even more important, we The right to freedom from arbitrary gov- establishment, in or near Edenton, N.C, of
will have turned an indifferent ear to the ernment regulation and control; and a nonprofit enterprise to be known as the
hopes of thousands of young Americans Whereas there is in this declaration of "Hall of Fame for Patriots of the Revalu-
who are asking for the chance to prove rights, for which our ancestors struggled, tion"; and
that they can assume a respected place the greatness of truth; and Whereas the said project has been unani-
in our society. Whereas in recent times there has crept mously endorsed at a recent annual meet-
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