CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300150009-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2003
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: May 3, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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May 3, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
83. Fancher, C. C., Regional Supervisor,
Southern Plant Pest Control Region, Gulf-
port, Miss., Private Communication, Octo-
ber 1, 1963.
34. Fancher, C. C., loc cit, Private Com-
munication, October 30, 1963.
35. Favorite, P. G., "The Imported Fire
Ant," Public Health Reports 73 (5), pp. 445-
447~(1958).
36. Frear, D. E. H., Editor, Pesticide Hand-
book, College Science Publishers, State Col-
lege, Pa., 12th Edition, 1960, 14th Edition,
1962.
37. George, John L., "The Program to
Eradicate the Imported Fire Ant," a report
to the Conservation Foundation and to the
New York Zoological Society, July 1958.
38. Hays, K. L., The Present Status of the
Imported Fire Ant in Argentina," J. Ec. Ent.
51, pp. 111-112 (February 1958).
'39. Hays, K. L., et al., "Residual Effective-
ness of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons for Con-
trol of the Imported Fire Ant," J. Be. Ent. 52,
pp. 1-3 (February 1959).
40. Hays, K. L., and S, B. Hays,, "Food
Habits of Solenopsis saevissima var. richteri
Forel," J. Be. Ent. 52, pp. 455-457 (June 1959).
41. Hays, S. B., and F. S. Arant, "Insec-
ticidal Baits for Control of the Imported Fire
Ant," J. To. Ent. 63, pp. 188-191 (April 1960).
42. Hays, K. L., "Ecological Observations
on the Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis saevis-
sima var, richteri Forel in Alabama," J. Ala.
Acad. of Science 80 (April 1959).
43. Hensley, S. D., et al., "Effects of In-
secticides on the Predaceous Arthropod Fauna
of Louisiana Sugar Cane Fields," J. Be. Eht,
54, pp. 146-149 (February 1961).
44. Jenkins, J. it, "Some Observations on
the New Fire Ant Bait in Relation to Wild-
life," presented at S,, E. Branch, Ent. Soc. of
America, Jackson, Miss., (January .29-31,
1963).
45. Karo. R., V. J. Derbes, R. Jung, A.MA.
Arch. Dermatol 75, p. 475 (1957),
46. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Imported Fire Ant
Bait Studies: The Evaluation of Various Food
Materials," J. Ec. Ent, 54, pp. 1096-1100 (Dec.
1961).
47. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Heptachlor and
Heptachlor Epoxide Residues in Truck Crops,"
J. Be. Ent. 54, pp. 1264-1265 (Dec. 1961).
48. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Imported Fire Ant
Toxic Bait Studies: GC-1283, a Promising
Toxicant?" J. Be. Ent. 55, pp. 405-407 (June
1962).
49. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Residual Studies
in Connection with Successive Application of
Heptachlor for Imported Fire Ant Eradica-
tion," Ag. & Food Chem. 10, pp. 6-7 (Jan.-
Feb. 1962).
50. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Imported Fire Ant
Bait Studies: Evaluation of Carriers for Oil
Baits," J. Be. Ent. 56, pp. 62-66 (Feb. 1963).
51. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Control of Im-
ported Fire Ants with Chlordane," submitted
to J. Ec, Ent. (June 24, 1963) .
62. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "The Effectiveness
of Heptachlor and Chlordane on the Foraging
Activity of Imported Fire Ants," submitted to
J. Be. Ent. (June 24, 1963).
53. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Imported Fire Ant
Toxic Bait Studies: Further Tests With
Granulated Mirex-Soybean Oil Bait," sub-
mitted to J. Be. Ent. (Sept. 12, .1963).
54. Lofgren, C. S., et al., "Laboratory In-
vestigation of Soil Insecticides Against the
Imported Fire Ant," submitted to J. Ec. But.
(Aug. 26, 1963).
55. Lyle, Clay, and Irma Fortune, "Notes
on an Imported Fire Ant," Jour, Econ. Ent.
41 (5),pp.833-834 (1948).
56. Newsom, L. D., et al., "Effect of the
Fire Ant Eradication Program on the Fauna
of Rice Fields," Insect Conditions in Louisi-
ana 2, pp. 8-14 (1959).
57. Parrish, Henry M., "Analysis of 460
Fatalities From Venomous Animals in the
United States," Amer. Journal of the Medi-
cal Sciences, 245 (2), pp. 129-140 (Febru-
ary 1963).
58. Riberio, J. H. Carneiro. Article in
Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, vol. 13,
No.'s 3-4, pp. 227-231 (1954).
59. Ruffin, W. A., Supervisor, Div. of Plant
Ind., D/A, Ala., private communication,
September 11, 1963.
60. Wilson, Edward 0., and J. H. Earls. A
report on the Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis
saevissima var. richteri Forel in Alabama.
Alabama Department of Conservation, 54
pages.
61. Wilson, E. 0., "The Fire Ant," Scientif-
ic American, pp. 36-41 (Mar. 1958).
62. Wilson, E. 0., Biological Laboratories,
Harvard Univ., Private Communication, No-
vember 20, 1963.
63. Wilson, E. 0., Prepared statement and
read it befo.e U.S. Senate Subcommittee on
Reorganization and International Organiza-
tions on October 8, 1963.
64. Yates, Harold, and M. R. Smith, "First
Report of Crop Damage by the Imported Fire
Ant," (Rep. from API Gulf Coast Sub Sta.
Assistant Superintendent and USDA repre-
sentative).
65. York, H. H., Project Forester of Ala-
bama. Memorandum: "Fire Ants." Mime-
ographed report, 3 p. (1949).
Mr. HOWARD) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I
have, on a number of occasions recently,
congratulated the President on the
strong stand that has now been adopted
in Vietnam. In my opinion, the posture
we have now taken is the most positive
action expressing our determination to
halt the growth and expansion of com-
munism, to come from the White House
in a great number of years.
It is not surprising that the so-called
intellectuals who speak so volubly for
the left are heated in their denunciation
of this position of strength. I think it is
incumbent upon those of us who believe
that we have backtracked, apologized
and negotiated long enough, to speak up
in defense of the President and encourage
him to continue the policy we have now
adopted.
In this context, I would like to insert
here in the RECORD a recent editorial
from the Shreveport Times that expres-
ses my sentiments and those, I believe,
of the majority of all Americans.
IN THE NAME OF GOD * * *
Secretary of State Dean Rusk's denuncia-
tion of "intellectuals" and "educated men"
who are conducting a nationwide propaganda
drive against President Johnson's course in
Vietnam is the strongest, the most encourag-
ing and the most commendable utterance in
behalf of standing up against communism
that has come from the State Department
since cancer forced John Foster Dulles out
of the Secretaryship in the late 1950's.
What Mr. Rusk said, in his speech before
the American Society of International Law
in Washington, could not and would not'
have been said without full approval of Pres-
ident Johnson. Thus it not only carries
added weight in its national and interna-
tional importance, but brings new commen-
dation to the President for his determination
not only to fight in southeast Asia but to
stand up against those in his own country
who attack him when they should be sup-
porting him.
8881
Further, Mr. Rusk knows whereof he
speaks. In the 1940's he was a member of
the Institute of Pacific Relations. It fos-
tered propaganda helping the Communist
cause in China, then a free republic under
Chiang Kai-shek. It pictured the Chinese
Communist as "simple farmers" simply try-
ing to elevate their living standards. It was
under this and similar propaganda that the
Communists took over China and forced
the government of Chiang Kai-shek-our
staunch ally throughout World War II-into
exile on Formosa. It was as a result of these
philosophies that the Korean war was
fought; and, because it was-fought on a
no-win basis, Communist China became the
second strongest Communist power in the
world.
It was from so-called intellectuals and
educated men that the philosophies came
which made possible the terrible interna-
tional mess of which Mr. Rusk speaks today.
It is to his full credit that he does speak
today-with President Johnson's approval;
It is also to his credit that he saw the error
of his original ways even before the Korean
war came. As it approached he denounced
Red China as a menace to the world, but it
was too late then.
But the issue now is what is happening
today and not what was happening then. If
we permit a repetition now of the events of
the 1940's-and earlier in other ways-then
freedom for nations may, indeed, be on its
last legs around the earth.
Mr. Rusk did not use the word "clergy"
nor did he use the phrase "college faculty
members." But his attack is directly on seg-
ments of these groups, for it is from within
them that "educated men" conduct their
anti-Johnson-and, in our opinion, un-
American-propaganda today. This does not
mean that "the clergy" of the Nation in
all-embracing sense, or college faculty peo-
ple in an all-embracing sense, come under
Mr. Rusk's criticism or ours.
But it does mean that the ever increasing
effort to encourage backing down from com-
munism by the United States-as has been
the course of this country since 1961, with
one or two temporary and quickly abandoned
"strong stands" intermingled-too often is
agitated and urged on fundamentally from
within the clergy and within the colleges at
the faculty level-with plenty of help from
other sources, including Communist or pro-
Communist sources at times.
Shortly before Mr. Rusk delivered his
speech, a full page advertisement appeared
in the New York Times stating that it was
sponsored by 2,000 clergymen. We did not
count the names printed in it but the total
could have been that number. It was a
demand on President Johnson, starting out
with these words: "In the name of God get
us out of Vietnam."
Fundamentally this full page advertise-
ment also was an appeal to other clergymen
to send in their names-for use in future
ads-in support of the plea, "In the name of
God get us out of Vietnam." The result was
that 14,000 additional clergymen mailed in
their names. Why not? For a postcard they
could get their names printed in a paid ad
and gratify their ego. They could attain
some point and moment of prominence-
or at least public attention and notoriety
that was gratification to their exhibition-
ism. They didn't have to send any money-
somebody else put up the money to pay for
the advertising.
There was nothing in, the advertisement
to' point out that the biggest and strongest
and most dangerous enemy of the free world
today is communism.
There was nothing to point out that com-
munism is seeking to suppress freedom
everywhere it can reach with its claws; that
that is the issue in Vietnam.
There was nothing to point out that this
Nation has an established foreign policy,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 3, 1965
set up by President Truman in the 1940's
and reiterated over and over by both him
and the Congress of the United States and
by President Eisenhower and President Ken-
nedy-that whenever a country being at-
tacked by a Communist aggressor nation
seeks our help, we will give it, militarily or
otherwise.
'There was nothing in the advertisement to
bring out that we have reached the days for
a final issue in this world; either freedom
is to survive and exist where it wishes to, or
communism is to control wherever it wishes
to.
The ministers who signed the original ad-
vertisement are the same type who furthered
the Nazi cause by encouragement for the
organization and flourishing of Nazi fronts
in this country in the 1930's. In some in-
stances they are the same identical men-
youngsters with no real intelligence then and
apparently having gained little In the years
that have passed.
They are the same type that, in the years
immediately following World War II, again
furthered the Communist cause; and in
some instances they are the same men. In
all of these activities they were ably assisted
from college faculty ranks; more so now
than in the past.
Some of them are the same men, who,
mingling with college professors, took part
in. the Fair Play for Cuba Committee which
was a Castro Communist propaganda agency
in. this country and which became the haven
of Lee Harvey Oswald, accused assassin of
President Kennedy.
Around the country one finds the same
college professors-or the same type-that
were in the past engaged in furthering
pacifist or similar leftist-liberal organiza-
tions now seeking to break down American
opposition to its only real enemy In the
world-communism.
In the lists of members of the clergy, mem-
bers of college faculties, members of so-
called intellectual and educated groups de-
nouncing President Johnson for his South
Vietnam course also are found many who
lead in defiance of law in a manner to bring
bloody violence and horrible murder as a
result of civil rights demonstrations. And
in their own advocacy of defiance of law, and
sometimes defiance on their own, who can
question that they encourage-perhaps with-
out any intent at all-the widespread vio-
lence and lawbreaking and even terror that
spreads over the Nation today from teenage
groups on the beaches through college cam-
puses and into the streets of the cities?
Those who proclaim "In the name of God
get us out of Vietnam"-through surrender
or the equivalent if need be--would do better
to say:
"So long as we have a President who will
fight against communism and not back down,
in Vietnam or anywhere else, in the name of
God support him.
SUPPORT PRESIDENT'S ACTION IN
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
(Mr. FUQUA (at the request of Mr.
HOWARD) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and. to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, I rise today
to express my support of the President
of the United States for his swift and
forceful action in the Dominican Repub-
lic crisis. Only this bold move, prevented
yet another nation from falling into the
grasp of communism, with the conse-
quence that the United States would
have been faced with another Cuba.
The fast-moving events of the past
few days saw a revolt begin in that strif e-
torn nation which had as its avowed pur-
pose a democratic government. This
revolt was quickly taken over by Com-
munist conspirators and drastic action
was necessary to prevent another Castro-
type government in this hemisphere.
Many of these Communist conspira-
tors, who took control of the revolt, had
been trained in these very methods in
Cuba. It is the type of situation which
concerns us greatly, and one which I
spoke to the House about nearly 2 years
ago, when I pointed to the growing men-
ace of Communists trained in Cuba who
seek to infest every land in South
America.
As President Johnson expressed so
ably to the Nation, we cannot and will
not allow another Castro-type govern-
ment to further infest this hemisphere.
Every beachhead they establish means
that they will redouble their efforts to
establish others, spreading violence and
discord in their wake-destroying every
vestige of freedom when they are in
control.
I support the swift and dramatic ac-
tion of the President in sending Ameri-
can forces to protect American lives, and
then when it became obvious that a Com-
munist takeover was possible, taking
forceful action to prevent such eventu-
ality.
This action on the part of the Presi-
dent is part of the new policy of these
United States as we seek to halt aggres-
sion and the spread of communism
through violence, subversion, and deceit.
The Communist aggressors understand
only force and this Nation must not
waver in its determination to halt the
spread of this dictatorial plague which
seeks to engulf all mankind. This course
of action we have embarked upon is a
dangerous one, we know, but one which
all those who love freedom must be will-
ing to assume.
I support the President in this firm
action.
We seek not to dominate our neigh-
bors, but by the same token, we cannot
and must not allow them to fall victims
to trained conspirators who seek to place
another land under the Communist doc-
trine, which stifles freedom in all its
forms.
I feel that such determined and force-
ful action on the part of these United
States. make it crystal clear our deter-
mination to preserve freedom, and is the
only course of action open to us if we
are to ultimately preserve our own de-
mocracy.
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ON
THE VOTING AGE
(Mr. ROSENTHAL (at the request of
Mr. HOWARD) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, to-
day I am introducing a joint resolution
which proposes a constitutional amend-
ment granting American citizens who
have attained the age 18 the right to
vote.
For many years now, such action has
been proposed, discussed, put aside, pro-
posed again, discussed again, and put
aside again. I think we ought to under-
stand fully the present factors which
make it proper and necessary for citizens
of 18 to be entitled to vote.
In the past several years, this country
has witnessed a significant growth in
the maturity of our younger citizens.
Many of these young Americans are
actively involved furthering the goals of
the Great Society: in civil rights, in the
war on poverty, in the Peace Corps, and
in the armed services. In the Peace
Corps and the VISTA program of the
war on poverty, such young citizens are
largely responsible for unprecedented
successes.
Young men under 21 are spread all
over the world as members of our Armed
Forces, ready to give their lives to fur-
ther what we believe to be the rights of
all freemen, regardless of nationality.
At this very moment, many such young
men are dying in southeast Asia.
During this past campaign, an un-
precedented number of young citizens
offered, without reward, their time and
energy to political campaigns all over
the country. All of us in this Chamber,
I think, realize the extent and, indeed,
the importance of this commitment.
Almost every day, I receive intelligent,
informed, and well-reasoned letters from
young constituents of mine, expressing
a wide range of political views. I am
constantly impressed by the authority
and sophistication of such letters. I
also encounter this intelligence and
interest when I return to my district to
meet with and talk to my constituents in
person.
The conclusion seems to me inescapa-
ble. Young men and women are already
taking part in the American political
process, offering their resources and, in
many cases, their lives for democratic
ideals we all seek to promote. That they
should be doing this without the most
basic of all political rights-the right to
vote-seems to me a serious inconsist-
ency. We are asking our young soldiers
to die for our democracy; yet we deny
them an electoral voice in the operation
of that democracy. We are reaping the
benefit of the efforts of young Americans
in the war against poverty and the
Peace Corps; yet we ref use them basic
participation in the system they seek to
support and improve. Many of us, re-
gardless of party, find such young people
of enormous help in our campaigns, or
in summer jobs in our offices. Yet all.
these young Americans, and all their
contemporaries are denied the right to
vote.
I strongly urge the adoption of a con-
stitutional amendment to grant that
right to citizens above the age of 18.
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
IN THE CONDUCT OF OUR INTER-
NATIONAL BEHAVIOR
(Mr. DOWNING (at the request of Mr.
HOWARD) was granted permission to ex-?
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. DOWNING. Mr. Speaker, over
the years many of us have been con-
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May 3, 19 65
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE. ' 89.45
however, has been pierced in H.R. 6675. The
following tables show what would happen
to the combined tax rate and maximum
contributions, under present law and under
11.11.6675.
Combined employer-employee' contribution
.. [Percent] ._.
H. R. 6675
1965--- -------~--
1966,-----------?-
7.25
8.25
7.25
8.70
--------0.70
1967--------------
8.25
9.00
1.00
1968--------------
9.25
9.00
1.00
1069-70_--________
9.25
9.80
1.00
1971-72___________
9.25
9.80
1.00
1973-75.--________
9.25
10.70
1.10
1976-79_-___--__-_
9.25
10.80
1.20
1980-86______--_--
9. 25
11.00
1.40
1987 and after-____
9.25
11.20
1.60
'Portion of 11.R; 6675 tax required for basic health
insurance program.
Combined maximum contributions
Year
Present
law
H.R. 6675
without
medicare
R.R. 6675
with
medicare
1965______________
$348.00
$348.00
$348.00
1966______________
396.00
448.00
487.20
1967______________
396.00
- 448.00
564.00
1968______________
444.00
448.00
504.00
1969-70__________.
444.00
492.8.0
548.80
1971-72___________
444.00
580.80
646.80
1973-75___________
444.00
633.60
706.20
1976-79____.______
444.00
633.60
712.80
1980-86___________
444.00
633.60
726.00
1987 on--_________
444.00
633.00
739. 20
Even these contributions do not assure the
actuarial soundness of social security. In
its last annual report, the board of trustees
figured things out on the basis of high, low
and intermediate cost estimates, and on both
a 75-year and perpetuity basis.
On a high-cost and perpetuity basis, bene-
fits will come to 10.83 percent of payroll, and
contributions will total 9.11 percent, produc-
ing an actuarial imbalance of 1.72 percent,
On the intermediate cost estimate, however,
contributions will total 9.11 percent and
benefits 9.35 percent, leaving an imbalance
of .24 percent, just within the limit of 0.25
percent which Congress has considered ac-
ceptable. Figured on a 75-year rather than
a perpetuity basis and on intermediate costs,
contributions will total 9.10 percent . and.
benefits 9.09 percent, leaving the miniscule
positive balance of .01 percent. With low
costs and a 75-year basis, it is possible to
show a positive balance of 1.13 percent. The
figures, in short, can be juggled to show
whatever one wants.
The Ways and Means Committee has
chosen the figures which show a positive
balance of ,01 percent. It says H.R. 6675
would shift this "to a lack balance of.0.08
percent, which is below the established limit
within which the system is considered sub-
stantially in actuarial balance."
However, if the past is any key to the
future, contributions will have to rise and .
be liberalizing of benefits will follow, in a
dizzy spiral: As employers' social security
finance voluntary contributions from per- ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
sons over 65 who want insurance to cover follows:
d S m hills. [From the New York Times, Apr. 21, 19651
Some observers feel. that the introduction
of general government contributions is the KEATING To HEAD BIRTH-CURB DRIVE-FORMER
first crack in the dike of financial controls SENATOR WILL DIRECT LOBBY IN WASHING-
maintained by payroll taxes. They expect TON FOR A NEW ACTION GRoul
some future Congress to decide that if work- (By Warren Weaver, Jr.)
ers and employers object to more than a ...
T-^~
nennecn n. Keating announced today that
on liberalizing social security and make up he would head a new national campaign for
the difference from the Treasury's general deenrr anvarnmon+al ir,,,n1?e,,,o?+ 1.. --..
`' "a~ L1O1O Mr. Keating said he would be national
is a limit to how much the social security chairman of the Population Crisis Commit-
system can obtain from the latter source tee, a group that will differ from other birth-
without necessitating an Increase in the in- control organizations by engaging in direct
come tax, lobbying in Washington.
-The Ways and Means Committee has made The former Republican Senator from New
much of the fact that H.R. 6676 sets up a York will be paid for his work in the part-
separate fund for medicare benefits. Rep. time job. He would not say how much. The
GERALD R.. FORD, Republican of Michigan, committee will not enjoy tax-free status be-
contended during the floor debate on H.R. ,,,,Qp i+.,,111 fin .,++o.....+,.,,. +., ._a..____
6675, however, that the .trust funds will not
be inviolate. "I need only point out to you
that in this bill now before us is a provision
increasing the allocation of funds to the
disability trust fund to the detriment of
the OASI fund," he declared.
Congress is as aware as anyone that there
is no such thing as a free lunch-or free
retirement or medical benefits. It is, how-
ever, much more concerned with the voters
of today than with the youngsters who will
pay their bills in the future.
This is an appropriate time, then, to recall
what the Ways and Means Committee said
10 years ago: "We. ,should take sobex warn-
ing that, in our zeal to provide ever greater
benefits and to provide against an ever wider
area of need, we do not destroy the very sys-
tem which we have created."
POPULATION CRISIS COMMITTEE
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, former
Senator Kenneth B. Keating, of New
York, has undertaken a new and chal-
lenging job-he is the national chair-
man of the Population Crisis Commit-
tee.
This committee will seek to work with
the Federal Government and other orga-
nizations in mobilizing public under-
standing of the population problem, what
It is, how it affects us all, and how it
should be dealt with in conformity with
the convictions and consciences of men
of good will throughout the world.
. -There is tremendous need for more
knowledge and research in this area as
well as a thorough and straightforward
discussion of its implications. As Pope
Paul VI declared:
It is an extremely grave problem. It
touches on the mainsprings of human life.
* * * The question is being subjected to
study, as wide and profound as, possible, as
grave and honest as it must be on a subject
of such importance.
gress and executive agencies in their policies.
"The current explosive growth of popula-
tion threatens the success of the Alliance for
Progress, the war on poverty, foreign aid, and
innumerable domestic programs to which
Congress has committed billions of dollars,"
Mr. Keating said at a news conference in his
Washington law office.
"I have accepted the leadership of this
committee with the belief that it Is one of
the most useful services that I can render
my fellow citizens," he declared.
STILL INTERESTED IN-POLITICS
Mr. Keating, who was defeated in his bid
for a second term by Robert F. Kennedy last
fall, joined the Washington and New York
law firm of Royall Koegel & Rogers 2 weeks
ago. He is also serving as Washington coun-
sel for his old Rochester firm of Harris,
Beach, Wilcox, Dale & Linowitz.
The former Senator said that his assump
tion of the committee chairmanship did not
necessarily signal an end to his career in poli-
tics or government.
"I have no plans to run for public office
again," the 64-year-old lawyer said, "but that
doesn't mean I've eliminated that as a possi-
bility. I don't know anything about any
Presidential appointment; no one in public
office has ever spoken to me about such a
thing."
One goal of the new committee, its chair-
man indicated, will be an increase in Federal
expenditure for birth-control research.
Among his associates on the committee,
Mr. Keating listed High Moore, chairman of
the board of the Dixie Cup Co.; Cass Can-
field, chairman of the executive committee of
Harper & Row, and William H. Draper, Jr., a
former Army general now chairman of the
board of Combustion Engineering, Inc.
[From the New York (N.Y.) Herald Tribune,
Apr. 21, 19651
KEATING HEADS GROUP ON POPULATION
CONTROL
(By Fred Farris)
WASHINGTON.-Former Senator Kenneth B.
Keating announced yesterday he _ will head
a private committee formed "to mobilize sup-
port" for population control.
"The world population explosion," the
New York Republican said, "is fast becoming
the most critical problem of our time. It
will have a profound effect upon the welfare
of mankind in the decades ahead, and will be
a determining influence for war or peace."
The white-haired ex-legislator, defeated
for reelection last November by ROBERT KEN_
NEDY, also told a news conference. he had no
plans now "to run for public office, but I do
not discount that in, the future,"
NO OFFER
He said he had not been consulted or ap-
proached by anyone "directly or indirectly"
payroll taxes go up, their operating costs Few men are more widely known and
will rise. With increasing amounts deduc- respected than former Senator Keatin
ted for social 'security, employees are likely g.
to ask for wage increases to maintain their His interest and activities should stim-
take-home pay. Faced with these twin de- ulate new attention in this problem,
velopments, employers probably will raise which is of increasing concern to us here
prices. With higher prices, however, social in the' United States as well as in the
security checks won't go so far, and bene- developing nations of the world.
ficiaries again presumably will pressure Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
Congress to boost monthly benefits. sent to include following my remarks in
In 11 R. 6675. Congress semes to feel that the RECORD-the press accounts from the
it can slow down this process by giving up New York Herald-Tribune, the New York
financing solely through, social security taxes.
For persons over `65 who are not eligible for Times, and editorials from the New York
medicare benefits from the general funds Post and World-Telegram.
of. the Treasury. The latter also would be There being no objection, the news-
used to match $3 monthly benefits, it would paper articles and editorials were
-
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ggq.~-? CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE May 3, 1965
about a Presidential appointment. Mr. Kest- apparently fri mind, asked Mr. Keating
ing had expressed an interest in an ambassa- whether realistically he could return to New
dorial assignment, but so far none'has been York politics after serving as head of the
offered. Population Crisis Committee.
Therefore, in addition to his work with a He said he had "no plans to climb moun-
Washington-New York laW firm Nir. Keating twins" duffing his out-of-public-office period-
accepted the post of national chairman of the an allusion to Senator ROBERT KENNEDY'S
Population Crisis Committee. The commit- recent climb of Mount Kennedy, in Canada.
tee, which will not be tax exempt, !s sup- But he added: "I did offer to demonstrate my
ported by contributions Yrom "philanthro- athletic prowess in Lansing by swimming out
"
"
into Lake Michigan.
gists and other interested in this movement,
lie said. V
Mr. Keating would not disclose the salary
Y.~e will receive, saying this was a matter be-
tween him and the members of the commit-
tee. A staff aid, however, told a reporter the
amount would be nominal and that Mr. Keat-
ing's law practice would be. his primary
source of income.
Pointing to graphs to illustrate the prob-
lem at a press conference in his Washington
law office, Mr. Keating said the U.S. popula-
tion would grow by 150 million people in " 3b
e;hort years at the present rate of increase."
'Chia raised the unhappy prospect, he said,
of "8 million unemployed, of 10 million on
welfare, of 30 million elderly, and 100 million
children to be taken care of."
ADROAD
Abroad, the problem is even more "stagger-
itng to contemplate," he said. "There will be
t billion-1,000 million more geople in the
next lb years-a number greater than all the
people now living in the 55 Countries of.
:Europe and the entire Western Hemisphere
taken together."
President Johnson said in his state of the
'Union message in January he would "seek
.new ways to use our knowledge to help deal
with the explosion in world population."
~ :But, Mr. Keating said, the United States now
is spending less than $10 million on birth-
control research "out of an annual budget of
$1~ billion for research. ' ' 'Less than 1
percent of the cost of putting a man on the
moon by 1970."
The Alliance for Progress, the antipoverty
campaign, foreign aid, and "innumerable do-
mestic programs" costing billions are im-
periled by runaway population growth, he
said.
Therefore, he .said, _he undertook "the
leadership of this committee with the belief
that it is one of the most useful services
that I can render my fellow citizens."
The main objective of the committee,
which will be headquartered at 1780 K Street,
NW., Washington, is "to work with and assist
people interested in the population problem
both in the executive branch and legislative
branch of Government,'' Mr. Keating said.
"We must first find out what is now being
done under existing legislation in this field,"
he said. "When we have all that, we will
decide what to do next."
His committee will "be engaged in efforts
to stimulate legislation," and therefore could
not be tax exempt. Contributions will not
be tax deductible.
Among committee backers and officers are:
Hugh Moore, chairman of the- board of the
Dixie Cup Corp., and founder of the Moore
Fund, who will serve as treasurer; Cass Can-
field, chairman. of the executive committee of
Harper & Row Publishing Co.; Gen. William
H. Draper, Jr., "investment banker and chair-
man oY the board of Combustion Engineer-
inr?: Inc. Mr. Moore asked Mr. Keating to
;From the New York (N.Y) Post, ,Apr. 22,
1965]
Mft. KEATING'S NEW MISaION
Kenneth B. Keating deserves to be in gov-
ernment. But if the administration fs un-
prepared to offer him a post, there are few
nongovern3nental public positions of greater
importance that the assignment he has now
undertaken.
As head of the newly formed Population
Crisis Committee, Mr. Keating will lead a
national drive to persuade the Government
to take a more active role in promoting fam-
ily planning and curbing overpopulation.
The moment is auspicious for such a cam-
paign. Liberalization of the Catholic atti-
tude on birth. control makes it practical
politics for. the $rst time to think of large
public programs and appropriations.
Mr. Keating is a persuasive advocate. His
long experience in public affairs will make
him an effective lobbyist far the important
cause he has agreed to represent.
(From the World Telegram,. Apr. 24, 1965]
$EATING'S NEW ROLE
In the same spirit of conscientious service
that characterized his years in Congress, for-
mer Senator Kenneth 8. Keating has agreed
to head a private committee formed to mo-
bilize support for population control.
Expressing his concern over what is "fast
becoming the most critical problem of our
time," Keating stated the problem suc-
cinctly:
"The current explosive growth of popula-
tion threatens the success of the Alliance for
Progress, the war on poverty, foreign aid,
and innumerable domestic programs to
which Congress has committed billions of
dollars."
Man's best efforts toward peace and de-
cent living standards, in other words, are
foredoomed- if demand outracea supply and
human misery burgeons beyond hope of con-
tainment and relief.
The projections of population growth dur-
ing the rest of this century alone are night-
marish in their implications. Increasingly,
even among the staunchest foes of birth
control, the question is no longer so much
whether-but how-corrective measures
should be taken.
One goal of the Population Crisis Com-
mittee, Keating said, will be an increase in
Federal expenflitures for birth control re-
search.
Research is, of course, the key. It is the
means of developing solutions that will be
both efficacious and generally acceptable-
and developing those solutions in time.
No question about it, m kind is running
a desperate race with fa ne and misery.
And time is alarmingly ~l1 t.
FAA TOO EARLY
Mr. Keating, who spoke at a Republican
fund-raising dinner in Lansing, Mich., Mon-
day night, said he was not backing any one
for the GdP Presidential nomination at
present. "It's far too early," he said, adding,
"I have a very high regard for George
Romney."
``One reporter, with the effect on Catholic
voters of the sensitive birth-control issue
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, in For-
tune magazine for April appears a very
interesting and timely article by the
noted writer and scientist, Mr. Herman
Kahn, entitled " `Escalation' as a Strat-
egy." I think it is particularly timely
because there has been so much talk
fn recent weeks about escalation in con-
nection with the war in South Vietnam.
Some seem to think escalatfon is a simple
matter; that merely because there may
be a few more bombs dropped in Viet-
nam, .this is escalation, and particularly
an escalation of horrifying prospects.
If these people think that dropping a
few bombs on Vfetnam is horrifying to
behold, let them read the article by Dr.
Kahn, who really goes into the subject
of escalation in great depth.
I am afraid that those people, in and
out of Congress, have not given this,.
subject any of this in-depth study.
I may not agree with everything in Di'.
Kahn's analysis of "escalation`" but I
think it worth reading, so that people
who are talking about escalation will have
a little better knowledge of what they are
talking about and will realize that escala-
tion .can take many, many forms; that
there are many rungs in the ladder of
escalation.
I think Dr. Kahn has listed here
about 44 different steps or rungs in the
ladder of escalation.
To hear some people speak, one would
think there are only one ar two rungs
in the escalation ladder. A reading of
the article will be beneficial; and I ask
unanimous consent that it be printed at
this pOlrit in the RECORD.
There being no ob3ection> the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
"ESCALATION" A6 A STRATECF
(By Herman Kahn)
(NOTE.-Herman Kahn is the author of
"On Thermonuclear War," a book that urged
the United States to take civil-defense meas-
. ores to insure civilization's survival in the
event of nuclear war. A mathematician,
physicist, and former member of the Raxld
Corp., Mr. Kahn is now director of the Hud-
son Institute, a research organization that
analyzes international affairs for the Penta-
gon and other clients. This article has been
excerpted from Mr. Kahn's forthcoming
book, "On Escalation: Metaphors anti Scen-
arios" to be published by Frederick A. Praeger
in May. )
Escalation is a relatively new word in the
English language. Though it is becoming
more camon in newspaper headlines, especi-
cialiy in Connection with Vietnam, the dic-
tionaries have yet to define it in a military
sense. To many people, escalation connotes
an automatic rise in the scale of warfare
from the level of an incident to the level of
catastrophic nuclear exchange. But to mare
and more students of military strategy and
tactics, it has also came to describe the kind
of calculated risk taking that is an estab-
lished factor of limited confict in the nu-
clear age.
Strategies that ernphasfze the possibility
of escalation are associated with the term
"brinkmanship." Under rzodern circtun-
stances no nation wishes to play ai: brink-
manship recklessly. But to the extent that
any nuclear nation is serious in any incipient
conflict--or to the extent that it pretends to
be serious-'it will have to face the conse-
quences of being on the escalation ladder.
However, a strategy of escalation, carefully
carried out, can actually reduce the dangers
of insensate, spasmodic nuclear destruction.
Events in Vietnam provide a case in point.
Our opponent in Vietnam can function with
great success in one dimension of warfare:
guerrilla combat and subversion. The
United States, in turn, has an immense su-
periority in air and naval power and, be-
yond that, in nuclear power. Behind the
North Vietnamese are the Russians, with
their nuclear forces, and the Chinese, With
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 Nlcr'ither Por bargaining or prudenahal rea- announcement oP the conditioxs under probably be much higher on the ladder than
sons, or both. The difficulties, and possible which the declarer would be preps-red to I put it here, but if the balance of terror
public and 'political reacthona, make such an de-escalate. becomes sufficiently stable, and governments
evacuation a moznexxtous decLsion. Rung 23. Local nuclear war: Past NATO are believed to be under intense and gradu-
Rung 18. Spe~stacu7ar show of force: A planning has envisaged the imm~dYate use aced mutual deterrents, even this attack
spectacular sllo!W` or demonstration oP force of hundreds of nuclear weapons in reply to could occur without an eruption to spasm
would invoIVe using major weapons. in a way a convenuanal attack in }serape by the or other central wars.
that does no obvious damage, but appears U.S.S.R. As opposed to the exemplary per- Rung 30. Complete evacuation (about 9b
determined,. menacing, ar reckless. An exaux- poses of rung 21, NATO planned to use percent) : At this point, large-scale warfare
plc Would be the explosion of a weapon at a nuclear weapons for traditional military has begun. If at all possible, each side is
high altitude over enemy territory. This purposes-for defense qr destruction of the likely to evacuate its cities almost completely,
vftitXd intensify the fear of war Yn the hope opponent's "local capability-and the scale leaving 5 to 10 percent of the population be-
of frightening thA enemy3nto backing down. of the action anal the targeting were to be hind for essential activities.
Rung I9. Justifiable oauntertorce attack: flictated by these military considerations. Rung 31. Reciprocal reprisals: This is a
A justifiable attack would be sufficiently ape- The inereasing actual or potential avails- war with more or less continual exchanges.
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May 3, .965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
Many. strategists believe that reciprocal-re-
prisal wars might be a standard tactic of the
future when;the balance of terror is, judged-
whether correctly or not-to be almost abso-
lute.
Thermonuclear wars are likely to be short--
lasting a few hours to a couple of months
at most. In such, a war it is unlikely that
cities .would, in .themselves be targets of any
great military consequence. But it is per-
fectly possible that a nation might attack
cities simply without thinking it through.
In Defense Secretary McNamara's speech at
Ann,_Arbor on June 16, .1982; the United
States has. more or less formally enunciated a
"no cities except in reprisal" strategy; but
the strategy is neither clearly understood nor
firmly held even here. Soviet strategists
and political leaders, for their part, have
declared that Soviet forces would not recog-
siize any such "artificial" distinctions in a
nuclear war. This position could be an accu-
rate reflection of current Soviet strategic
doctrine, but. it is most likely that it is a
very unreliable Indicator of actual Soviet
behavior fn a "moment of truth"-or of
Soviet beliefs about U.S. conduct at such a
time,
I,et us assume, for the moment, that a
threshold between central military targets
and central civilian targets (i.e., cities) can
be maintained in an actual war. Thus we
can consider the possibility of waging a very
large all-out, but very closely controlled, cen-
tral war, in which there is deliberate attempt
to avoid civilians and their property.
Rung 32. Formal declaration of general
war: The formal declaration of war could
indicate that the side issuing the declara-
tion had no immediate intention of attack-
ing; since if it had such an intention; there
would be strong'reasons to ignore prenuclear
convention and simply attack. Such a dec-
laration certainly would remove some inhi-
bitions against the use of force -and coercion,
put pressures on allies and some neutrals to
cooperate, and mobilize a nation's facilities
for defense and tend to suppress internal op-
position, It would force the other side to
recognize explicitly-that a formal peace treaty
will have to be written before the issue fs
Battled; delaying tactics will not settle the
matter. But while tending to prevent de-
escalatfon and to threaten future (eventual)
escalation, it nonetheless might look tempo-
rising and provide an opening for bargain-
ing.
Rung 33. Slow-motion counter property
war: In this attack each side destroys the
other's property, still attempting to force
the other side to back down.
Rung 34. "Slow-motion counterforce war:
This is a campaign in which each side at-
tempts attrition of the other aide's weapon
systems over a period of time. One can
conceive of a slow-motion counterforce-war
lasting for weeks or months during which,
for example, .submarines are hunted down.
Rung 35.Constrained force reduction
salvo: The attacker here attempts to destroy
a significant but small portion of the defend-
er's force in a single strike while avoiding
undesired. collateral damage. it is especially
likely to be used against weak links or high-
leverage targets at the outbreak of a war.
"Rung 36. Constrained disarming attack:
The attacker tries to destroy a significant
portion of the defender's first-strike nuclear
forces and even some of his second-strike
weapons, such as missiles, in shoes. But_the
attacks would avoid, as much as possible
civilian targets. This would make it disad-
vantageous for the defender to launch a
counterstrike since the defender's damaged
forces might tig able td do only a limited
amount. of damage even with a counterstrike
on cftfes. The defender is also under pres-
sure to negotiate since it is now probable
that the attacker. could threaten another
attack, this one an all-out strike.
Rung 37. Counterforce-with-avoidance at-
tack: This attack differs from a constrained
disarming, attack by being lees scrupulous
about avoiding collateral damage to cities
and by not deliberately sparing mach if any
of the enemy's seoondstrlke weaponry. In
the case of a Soviet strike against the United
States, suc1- an attack might include hitting
Tucson (a city of 288,000 population, which
is completely ringed with Titans) > but prob-
ably would avoid the Norfolk Navy Yard,
and the Pentagon. If it did hit these tar-
gets, or the SAC bases near very large cities,
Russia. might- use 20-kiloton weapons
rather than 20 megatons in order to
limit the collateral destruction. After such
an attack, one must assume a counterattack,
but one may still try to use threats of further
escalation to limit the. defender's response.
Rung 38. Unmodified caunterforce attack:
Although the targets are still enemy weapon
systems, the military plans are formulated
and the operation 1s carried out with general
disregard as to whether enemy civilians are
killed or nonmilitary property destroyed
(though there may be disadvantages ac-
cepted to avoid fallout or other dangers to
allies or neutrals). No attempt would be
made either to lessen or to increase collateral
damage to the enemy. This attack might be
described as the classical form of all-out
total war.
At this point the warring nations are at
the threshold of civilian. central wars. Under
current U.S. controlled response doctrine, not
only does the U.S. intend to observe the city
threshold, but an enormous incentive is given
to the U.S.S.R., 1n a war against the United
States, to do so as well and to avoid attacking
U.S, cities in the first wave-whether this
wave is the first or second strike of the war.
But even if population is not the target for
the first wave, it could be the target of the
second or later waves, In any case, it would
always be threatened. The residual vulner-
ability of the civilian hostages -and cities
could then affect, to a great extent, the kind
of peace treaty the U.S.S.R. could force on
us, or that we could force on the U.S.S.R. For
this reason, it makes sense to try to protect
people from being threatened by second- and
later-wave attacks, eevn though they may
not have been adequately protected on the
first wave.
It seems to me that the United States
should, at the minimum, undertake acivil-
defense program which fs compatible with
what the .controlled-response doctrine fore-
sees. in a time of war. Part of such a pro-
gram would be fallout protection for the
entire population, and blast protection for
the 6 million to 10 million people who live
within about 10 miles of priority strategic
targets. Such a program might require ~5
.billion to X10 billion spread over 5 years or
so. In a very large range of types of wars
these measures could save the lives of 30
million to 50 million people, and in addition
make it more likely that a war, if !t came,
would in fact be a war of controlled re-
sponse.
Rung 39. Slow-motion countercity war:
This takes the ultimate form--city trading.
This is, of course, the most bizarre of all the
options that are discussed in modern stra-
tegic analysis. The possibility of city trad-
ing arises because of today's unprecedented
situation in which both sides may have al-
most invulnerable forces while both sides'
civilians may be completely and irrevocably
vulnerable to these invulnerable forces.
There has never before been such.a situation
in the history of mankind. This kind of war
would be the extreme and ultimate corm of
deliberates selective and controlled response-
but one not necessarily or even likely to be
beyond the psychological capabilities of de-
cisionmakers if the only alternatives were
total destruction ox caxxiplete capitulation.
.Rung 40. Countervalue salvo: It is, of
8949
course, always possible in fighting aslow-
motion" counterforce; or slow-motion coun-
tervalue war; that one aide will fire a large ,
-number of missiles at civllian targets, either
in inadvertent or deliberate eruption.
Rung 41', Augmented disarming attack:
'T'his- would be an attack- on military targets
deliberately modified to obtain as much col-
lateral countercity damage as a bonus as
feasible.
Rung 42. Civilian devastation attack:
This attack corresponds to the usual popular
pfeture of nuclear war in which there is a
deliberate effort to destroy or greatly damage
the enemy's society. It is distinguished
from spasm or insensate war only by having
some element aP calculation and by the fast
there may be some withholding or control.
Rung 43. Some other kind of controlled
general war: It 1s possible to have many
kinds of all-out but controlled as well as
all out but uncontrolled wars. In a national,
all-out, but controlled war, military action
would be accompanied by threats and prom-
ises, and military operations themselves
would be restricted to those that contrib-
uted to attaining victory--an acceptable or
desirable peace treaty.
Rung 44. Spasm or insensate war: The
figurative word "spasm" is chosen because it
describes the usual image of central war in
which there is only a go-ahead order; all the
buttons are pressed. A -spasm war, of
course, may occur, but to the extent that
there is any art of was possible in the
thermonuclear age, the attempt must hP
made to prevent int.,
DOWN THE LADDER
In the same way, the study of de-escala-
tion and its limits and of crisis termina-
tion-how to climb down and off the lad-
der-is vital to the management of crises
and escalation. De-escalation is even more
sensitive to accurate communication and
shared understandings than escalation is.
The opponent may have a different concep-
tion of escalation and still understand well
enough the pressures being applied to him;
but, typically, in order to coordinate de-
escalation moves by easing pressure, both
sides must have a shared understanding of ,
what fs happening. They may not have.. a
sufC~cient shared understanding if one side's
paradigm of the world differs in important
ways from the other's.
Because of the need for shared understand-
ing in deescalatoon, unilateral initiatives are
often mentioned in connection with deesca-
lation, unilateral initiatives may be quite
helpful. They may relax tension to a point
where it is easier to settle a dispute, ar to
leave it unresolved but less dangerous. Even
small concessions can be significant as turn-
ing points in the escalation process. Thus,
even if a move is more symbolic than mean-
ingful in itself, its deescalatory value may
be large. A serious concern, however, may
be to maintain the appearance of resolve
while making conciliatory moves. For this
reason, the side which is doing better may
find that it should take the burden of the
initial deescalatory step.
Typical deescalatioy gestures take many
forms. They may include the reversal of a
.previous escalation move, the settling of an
extraneous dispute, the freeing of prisoners,
conciliatory statements, the replacement of
a "hard" key official by a "softer" or more
flexible individual,. qr simply wating for time
to have its cooling effect.. Concessions need
.not be made explicitly. Nor need the matter
under dispute be settled,. so long as tension
is decreased ,to the ,point where the dispute
is no longer as high on the escalation lad-
der as it once was.
Escalation is a competition in resolve, and
resolve is often measured by a willingness
to pay costs.ixx pursuit of certain objectives.
One, side or the other may decide to de-
escalate simply because it feels it has suf-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE Mai 3, X965
fered enough. It is sometimes difficult for
dedicated and resolute military leaders to
e found that, except for
a few broad economic studies, statistical data
oI2 foreign trade published by the Department
oft Commerce axe, for the most past, far too
general to provide helpful information. The
basic problem in our view, is that present
foreign trade statistics are classified accord-
ing to a system which, utilizes product cate-
gories which are very broad. Such categories
include so many products that any informa-
tion about a particular product, which is
gi;nerally what would be of interest to a
business such as ours, is usually buried and
not available.
It is possible under :;ome conditions to pur-
chase from the Bureau of the Census statis-
tical data. on a specific product included in a
csyte~ory. However, in many cases this can-
not be done. We would like to suggest that
the Department of Commerce consider mak-
ing foreign trade dates available for individ-
ual products to the fullest possible extent.
The Department of Commerce or some other
Government agency could be a repository for
individual product foreign trade data.
There would be no need to publish or dis-
tribute such data widely on an individual
product basis, however, it would be avail-
able to those who wanted it for a specific
product. If this Government service mere
widely known, it could well result in elimin-
ation of many reports presently prepared
and widely distributed which are of little
value.
We realize that, in some cases, for the De-
partment of Commerce to provide more de-
tailed informatian about a specific product
may be difficult or even impossible because
of the practice of the Department of not re-
vealing data which might be advantageous
to competitive enterprises, domestic or for-
eign. However, in our opinion this inabil-
ity to provide specific product detail would
be confined to a limited number of situa-
tions and would not seriously impair the
overall usefulness of such a service.
Finally, we are also concerned about the
makeup of the U.S. chemical balance of
trade, particularly insofar as the U.S. chemi-
cal balance is compared from time to time
with the chemlcaI balances of other nations.
This becomes important when efforts are
made to assess the world trade position of
the U.S. chemical industry. Today, the re-
sult is a comparison of unlike product group_
logs with the inference being that the com-
parison is a proper one. This results, for
practical purposes, Yn no comparison at all.
To a lesser extent we believe the same situ-
ation exists when the foreign trade position
of the U.S. chemical industry is placed along-
side that of other U.S, industries. Zn this
case, we believe that some items are included
in the U.S. chemical balance which should
not be included and which properly belong
in another industry. We suggest that the
makeup, i.e., the items going into the U.S.
chemical balance, be reexarnined and reas-
sessed in light of these considerations.
Further suggestions for improving the
Census of Manufactures are the following:
Improve the indexing of reports, speci-
flcally synthetic organic chemicals and the
census of manufactures.
Publish a comprehensive catalog. or index
to the statistical data compiled by all U.S.
governmental agencies.
Publish a list of personnel in variaus col-
lecting agencies who can be contacted for
answers to questions concerning data.
Expand the amount of data given for manq
products in the so-called basket categories,
especially in synthetic organic chemicals and
various tariff reports without, of course, re-
vealing production of any individual com-
panies.
Fn more general areas, we believe there
should be improvement in construction sta-
tistics, including housing starts, additions
and alterations to residential structures, etc.
While, admittedly, it is difficult to get data in
such broad. areas that will be meaningful for
the entire country, we believe the present
data could be substantially improved.
Data on ietail. sales should be similarily
improved.. The early data released on retail
sales are .later revised substantially. Could
not a sampling method be devised to arrive
at a firm figure sooner than those now avail-
able?
The wholesale price index of the chemical
and allied products industry should be ex-
panded to cover a broader sample of com-
modities actually moving in the industry.
The composition of this index has not been
revised for several years and many new prod-
ucts have become important during this time.
Employment and unemployment data
ahnuld be prepared in a form which would
stress unemployment among adult male
members of the labor force rather than com-
bining them with teenagers, working wives,
etc., when many of these latter groups are
looking only for parttime work. In addition,
could we not provide data on unfilled job
opportunities, .particularly for semiskilled
and unskilled workers? The magnit~Rde of
normal seasonal unemployment should be
available from the data; i.e., constructiol2
workers in northern areas during the winter
months, schoolteachers in summer, etc. Fi-
nally, Ibelieve the unemployment statistics
should provide data on educational levels of
the unemployed, since a low level of educa-
tion is an important cause of insufficient em-
ployment. In short, should not the unem-
ployment data point more clearly to desirable
solutions to the unemployment problem,
rather than merely providing facts?
The Federal budget should be presented in
a more meaningful way, to show the magni-
tude and variety of activities being described.
It is difficult now, for example, to determine
the cost of various agricultural programs, or
the extent of Federal lending agencies, or the
extent of Federal participation fn business-
type activities, etc.
A similar statement could be made about
the Nation's balance-oi-payments problem.
The experts should agree on what is to be
included and how 1C is to be .presented. For
example, should Government giveaways un-
der Public Law 4.80 be included as exports'?
Oi course, the goods are shipped abroad, but
their inclusion in exports gives a false pic-
ture of the number of dollars generated by
our export trade.
We need faster data on corporate profits.
It is now the end of the first calendar quar-
ter of 19(15, and very little corporate .profit
data are qet available for the fourth quarter
of 1964. Could not a sampllllg plan be de-
veloped to provide useful estimates of cor-
porate profits in a period in less than :#
months after the close of the period?
Finally, I believe it would be more desir-
able for Government .agencies to attempt to
provide more and better data desired by busi-
ness and to be less concerned to develop data
to show changes in the concentration ratios
of industry.
Sincerely yours,
IRA T: ELLIS, Economist.
DEERE $G CO.,
Moline, ill., March 31, 1965.
HOII. WILLIAM PRnxMIRE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D,C.
DEAR SENATOR PROXMIRE: Please eXCUSe my
delay in responding to your invitation -of
March 2 to participate in your review of our
cavntry's statistical requirements.
The work of the staff of the joint com-
mittee in initiating the gaps study in 1948.,
and indirectly in its many reports, has, I am
sure, greatly stimulated improvements in the
range and quality of our statistics.
7'o the extent that gaps listed in the
1948 study have not been closed and recom-
mendations of the Intensive Review Commit-
tee to the Secretary of Commerce in its ap-
praisal of Census programs in February 1959:
have not been carried out, there exists a cur-
rent backlog of work to be considered. In
connection with the latter, it is important:
that work fn connection with restructuring
the standard industrial classification and.
the related commodity elassiflcatian be
pushed ahead at full speed. The recently
published input-output tables based on.
1958 data are essentially meaningless for
some industries because of the classification
of information on the current inadequate SIC
and, incidentally, on their delay. .That I
think this problem is important is indicated.
by the following quotation from a speech I:
made recently at the University of IIlinois:
"Capital expenditures by productive agri-
culturists in the future will increasingly be
made for equipment produced by manufac-
turers who have not heretofore and are not
currently classified as manufacturers of farm.
machinery and equipment. Components of
equipment used on farms will come from the
electronics and computer industries, from
materials-handling equipment-producing
manufacturers, and from industrial suppliers
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ai su~h conditioning equipment as humid-
living, dehumidifying, coaling, etc. To the
extent that these trends develop,` it is clear
that we'wfll,havemore difficulty than-ever in
obtaining well-defined reob'rds of capital ex:
penditures related to agricultural production.
Agricultural product-producers' records may
be helpful,. but they will record such diversity
as to be very difficult to consolidate."
:For many years mast of'my work has been
in the general area of prices and agricul-
tural statistics.
Our country's -price statistics are .deficient
in a number of'ways and provide in too much
detail in some cases. The Consumer Price
Index, for instance, has recently been re-
vised .along lines. as recommended- by a spe-
cial committee established to review- Gov-
ernment price indexes.'- It is inadequate,
however, as a retail. price index, which would
be Helpful for policy purposes, and is prob-
ably not. necessary far as many cities for
which it is published. Ten to twenty' years
.from now separate city indexes will prob-
ably not be necessary; some- regional indexes
may be helpful.
The index of prices paid by farmers far
cast-of-living items has probably- outlived
its usefulness and could be supplanted by
regional Consumer Price Indexes. Indexes
of prices of imports and of exports not now
available will be helpful in the years ahead.
A great many- statistics, including those
cgllected and disseminated by the Bureau
of the Census and the Department of Agri-
culture should be examined and modified 1n
the. light of future needs rather than main-
twined so strongly in the-aoritext of the
criteria of historical consistenep: A .parity
index, for instance, based on 1910-14 is
anachronistic. A definition of farms as
commercial" which sel as little as ffi50 worth
of .products is scarcely a useful definition
in the modern world, especially when Census
publications provide no breakdowns in the
enonomfo classification of farms selling prod-
ucts with a value of $40,000 or more.
Farm income, as measured by the Depart-
ment of Agriculture -and the Bureau oP In-
ternal Revenue, vary because of differences
in the purposes of the data collection. A
study of the differences might Tesult in bet-
ter guides to future policy or administra-
five decisions:
Many Government statistical reports that
summarize activity in industry or product
groups are published so late that the reports
have little. value,. ,even though businesses
bear the burdensome costs, of reporting.
T$ese 'kinds of observations` and suggestions
can be` extended almost ` endlessly. Your
committee, might get its greatest assistance,
however, from extending the context of your
current review by asking your staff to de-
sbribe in broad-brush strokes what our econ-
omy will be -like by 198b, and then asking
representatives of various professions to pre-
sent papers discussing such .questions as:
"What kind of policy problems and admin-
istrative needs will we then farce for which
foundation .statistical. data should be laid
now? What kinds of data are we now col-
lecting or presenting that can and should
be greatly modified or even discontinued?"
I hope that the joint committee will con-
tinue its activities aimed at improving our
statistics.
Sincerely yours,
- 1~STER S, KELLOGG,
Director of Economic Research.
VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965
The Senate resixmed the consideration
of the: bill (5.,.1564) to enforce the 15th
amendment of tike- Constitution of the
United States.
Mr. HART. Mr. President, on Friday
last, the distinguished majority leader,
together with the distinguished minority
leader, offered an amendment in the
nature of a substitute and~suggested that
we study the changes over the weekend.
I believe that was a useful.. and helpful
action on their part.
If the majority leader is now willing,
it is my purpose to raise certain ques-
tions in an effort to clarify one of the
changes which has been made in the sub-
stitute.bill: ~
I wonder whether the Senator from
Montana is in a position to accommodate
us at this time?
Mr. MANSFIELD. I am glad to do my
best. _.
Mr. BART. The.first question relates
to the substitute. to section 4(a), under
the leadership substitute amendment to
section 4(a). Could a covered State lift
the prohibition on tests and devices by
deciding to conduct a complete rereg-
istration? Would that constitute effec-
tive dorrection of the effects of discrim-
ination? I believe that there are court
decisions indicating that testing might
be resumed if a reregistration is ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. A mere order for
reregistration would not constitute an
effective correction of anything. The
fact that a State decides to have a,.re-
r-egistraton would not be enough to per-
suade acourt that a,State had met the
very heavy burden imposed on it under
the amended escape clause. We do not
mean merely to codify such decisions as
United States against Louisiana and
United States. against ISuke, wliich._do
not foreclose.. resumption of testis after
a complete reregistration has been
ordered. We mean to require much
more than that.
Mr. HART. Let me ask the Senator
where in his amendment that is made
cleax?.
Mr. MANSFIELp. In two places.
First, it requires that the effects of past
discrimination must have been effec-
tively-and I emphasize the word "effec-
tively"corrected. The creation of an
abstract equality of opportunity to reg-
ister without discrimination-which is
all a decision to have a reregistration
amounts to-would not be "effective"
correction by itself. No correction would
be considered effective until, at a min-
imum, persons of voting age desirous of
voting were actuahy voting after having
been registered without discrimination.
Second, the substitute amendment re-
quires that there be "no reasonable cause
to believe" that any test or device "will
be used for the purpose or will have the
effect of" violating the 15th amendment.
A decision to reregister everybody ob-
viously fails to meet this test, since in
States with a song record of .voting dis-
crimination it is highly probable that dis-
crimination will continue even under a
reregistration. The court will, of course,
look to see what officials will be respon-
sible for carrying out the new registra-
tion. I would think that a State; in
which a number of findings of discrimi-
nation Have iieexi made by the cailrts,
would find it dilTicuit to meet this test.
The only way a State could grove that
a test or device would not be used for the
purpose of discriminating would be
actually to conduct registration or rereg-
istration without tests over a period of
8953
time without -any racial discrimination..
A sufficient period of time is necessary so
that the court .may have before it stabs.-
tics showing-the fact of nondiscrimina-
tion in voting.
The so-called 60-percent provision pro-
vided that a State might bring ,itself out
by proving that 60 percent of the voting
age population became .registered and
there "is" no denial of the right to vote
on account of race or color. This, might
have been read to mean that reregistra-
tion would satisfy the "is" test since no
person would remain enrolled-who had
been favored in the past. The 60 per-
cunt provision did -not look to the Bast
or future. That is one reason-we ; de-
feted it.
Mr. HART. Does the elimination- of
the 5-year suspension provision mean
that a shorter suspension period is en-
visioned under the leadership substitute?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Not necessarily;
In cases where there has been discrimi-
nation in the past in only one county of
a State-if there are such cases-per-
hags 5 years would be too long. But in
the hard-core areas-where a number
of cases have been brought a, nd findings
of discrimination made-nothing in the
leadership substitute would prevent a
longer suspension period., where neees-
salt'.
This is another reason we eliminated
the 60-percent escape hatch-it might
have been construed to permit the hard-
core States to resume the use of tests and
devices within a short time.
Mr. HART. Under the leadership
substitute, would your answer be the
same as to the meaning and intent of
the words. "effect" and "effectively" used
in section 4(a) respecting. denial or
abridgment of the right to vote as it
applied to the 25-percent provision of
section 4(b) (3) ; that in 25-percent
areas, notwithstanding the presence,
absence ar suspension of tests, "where
Negroes have been intimidated and dis-
couraged over the years from even trying
to register, they, must be given time `to
make that effort"?
Mr..MANSFIELD. That is correct.
Mr. HART. Can the Attorney Gen-
eral move within 5 years after judgment
to reopen a case involving a 25-percent
area-even if a test or device has never
been used, if he believes that the -right
to vote is being abridged because of race
or color?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes. In such a
case, he need not allege that a test or
device was being used because that was
never the criterion for including such an
area. He can move to reopen at any
time within 5 years if he believes that
discrimination ar its effects have not
been effectively eliminated.
Mr. HART. May the courts look at the
content of any test a State proposes to
use, as well as its probable mode of ad-
ministration?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes, definitely; the
two cannot ,be ,.separated. Arbitrary
tests, tests vesting a good deal oP discre-
tion in the registrar, and otherwise un-
reasonable or too-diii'icult tests lend
themselves too readily to manipulation
and often have an inherent discrimina-
tory effect: We would expect the courts
to take that into account and to refuse
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to approve such concoctions as the "per-
fect form" requirement now. used in
three States, and the like.
Mr. HART. Should the courts con-
sider the education gap that exists in
some of these States?
Mr: MANSFIELD. I would say yes;
that is a good example of a factor to be
considered when reviewing the content of
a, pra~posed test or device:
Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, will the
~ienator from Montana yield fora ques-
tion on that point?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Michigan has the floor.
Mr. HART. I yield.
Mr. ERVIN. I ask the majority leader
if that would not create discrimination
in favor of nonwhites against whites in
the administration of the act?
Mr. MANSFIELD. No; that. is not the
intention of-this provision.
Mr. ERVIN. I understood the Senator
from Michigan to ask the Senator from
Montana whether the courts should con-
sider the education gap between the
races in determining whether or not peo-
ple should be allowed to register to vote.
Mr. MANSFIELD. The education gap
that exists in same of those States.
Mr. ERVIN. That means, because of
the education gap, that it would dis-
criminate in favor of nonwhites and
~(gainst whites. We ought not to create
f~ ~xew discrimination.
A2r. MANSFIELD. I would not say that
it would be really a new discrimination,
because it is based on the achievement
of the tests. It is a matter which ought
to be considered, because of its effect at
the present time in some States. ,~
Mr. HART. Why does the leadership
substitute delete from section 7(a) the
x?equirement adopted by the Judiciary
Committee that an application must al-
lege that an applicant for listing "has
been deprived of the right to register
crr vote on account of race or color"?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Because the effect
of that language was somewhat uncer-
tain. We did not feel tliat any question
of what motive State officials might have
had for rejecting an .applicant should
be interjected into the examiner pro-
the point where they are
denied fundamental rights which every-
one, by common consent, would afford
even to those charged with the foulest
crimes against our Nation.
The bill gives me much concern.
Such concern does not arise merely out
of the fact that I have the honor to rep-
resent, in part, one of the States which
are unjustly brought within the legisla-
tive condemnation that the bill visits,
either totally or in ,part, upon seven
States that used to be considered sover-
eign. I also have concern about the bill
because I am an American who believes
in the system of government ordained
by our Constitution. I am Concerned on
that score because the bill indicates, ac-
cording to my opinion, that Iove for the
Constitution is dying in the hearts of
many people in high places in the United
States.
Judge Learned Hand said that when
liberty dies fn the hearts of the people,
no constitution, no law, no court can
save it. I say that when love for consti-
tutional principles dies in the hearts of
men in high places, the Constitution be-
comes adead letter.
I said a moment ago that the bill de-
grades States and political subdivisions
of States to the point where they have
fewer rights than those charged with the
foulest .crimes known to our law. Actu-
ally, the bill puts 34 counties of North
Carolina in a more degraded legal status
than would be enjoyed by a person
charged with selling our atomic secrets
to the Savjet Union.
I wish to read amendment V and
amendment VI of the Constitution for
the. purpose of showing that I am on solid
ground when I-say that the-bill manifests
a greater contempt for States and politi-
cal subdivisions of States. than our law
manifests for a .person charged with
treason against this country. Amend-
ment V reads as follows:
No person shall be held to answer for a -.
capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless
on a presentment or indictment of a grand
jury, except in cases arising in the land or
naval forces, or in the militia, when in
actual service in time of war or public
danger; nor shall any person be subject fur
the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy
of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any
criminal case to be a witness against himself,
nor be deprived of lice, liberty, or property,
without due .process of law; nor shall private
property be taken for publ[c use, without
just compensation.
Amendment VI reads as follows
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused
shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public
trial, by an impartial jury of the State and
district wherein the crime shall have been
committed, which district shall have been
previously ascertained by law, and to be in-
formed of the nature and cause of the ac-
causation; to be confronted with the wit-
nesses against him; to have compulsory pro-
cess for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and
to have the assistance of counsel for his de-
fense.
Under tYlose constitutional provisions
and the principles of the common law
which they embody, a person charged
with treason against the United States
is presumed to be innocent until proven
guilty. In that respect, Yie as accorded
a privilege far above that accorded by the
bill to certain States and political sub-
divisions of States. I say this because
the bill creates an artificial formula un-
der which seven States of the Union,
either in whole or in part, are presumed
to be guilty of violating the 15th amend-
ment, and are compelled to Prove their
innocence in order to enjoy their coxl-
stitutional prerogatives.
Under the provisions of the Constitu-
tion which I have read to the Senate, a
person charged with treason against the
United States must be tried in the dis-
trict in which he is alleged to have com-
mitted the crime. Under the bill, the
States and political subdivisions of States
are condemned without a judicial trial
and without evidence and are then de-
nied access to every court on the face of
the earth. except the U.S. District Court
for the District of Columbia.
Under the bill, every U.S, district judge
exercising jurisdiction- in the areas con-
demned by the bill is prohibited from
acting in his judicial office in respect to
any matter arising under the terms of
the bill. I asked the Attorney General
the reason for this provision. He gave
the excuse that it was desired to have in-
terpretations of the bill uniform; there-
fore, the U.S. District Court for the Dis-
trict of Columbia was chosen for this pur-
pose.
With all due respect to the Attorney -
General, I say that that excuse is intel-
lectual rubbish. I say that far the reason
that there are nine separate circuits in
the United States in which courts sit for
the interpretation and enforcement of
Federal law. If the excuse given by the
Attorney General for denying jurisdic-
tion to all of the Federal judges who live
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.~ en~ix
~~
"Head Start" Admits Child to Wonderful grams at individual schools were set up at
WOrld Hamilton and. Hanley Elementary Schools
last year.
EXTENSION dF REMARKS
... OF
HON, GEORGE W. GRdDER
"Many live four liloc$s, from the Mississippi
River and have never seen it. They have
never been to the zoo, although it is within
walking distance.
"They have never had a pair of scissors Sn
their hand.. They have had no playthings
like a ball. Never played an organized
ame
g
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or had any organized association with other
Mondlxy, May 3, 1965 children.
"The daily newspaper is a surprise to them.
Mr. GRID,ER. Mr. .Speaker, many Not to read it, but just to see somebody
Critics Of the Natiori'S war on poverty reading one. it's unusual to have somebody
have delighted in pointing up problems react to them. Many of them have never
in the organization of this massive new heard music.
Federal program. It is refreshi to They have never been concentrated on
read of the successes of the war, su h aS a page and turn it avThey don't know which
a recent article about the new Operation side is up. .It's a big job for them just to
Head Start in the Commercial Appeal of learn how to sit in a desk."
Memphis. Words, conversation--common experiences
Under unanimous consent, I include in many children's lives-are missing quan-
tFiis article at this point in the RECORD: titles in the life of an impoverished child,
From the Mem his explained Mrs. Roberts, who guided the
[ p (Tenn.) Commercial readiness program at her school.
Appeal, Apr. 25, 1966] "There is never anybody 'to sit down and
HEAD START ADMITS CHILD TO WONDERFUL carry on a conversation with them.. The
WORLD parents live very narrow lives. Their vceabu-
(By Clayton Braddock) laries are meager and so are the children's.
The frail, sad-eyed little boy was with- "I don't think people recognize what a
drawn and shy. His eyes, set wide and white tragic thing this is for a little child.
against his dark skin, reflected the turmoil ~ "It's the rockbottom people who are the
he felt inside. worst. We polled the community around our
But then he saw the huge aircraft lift school and really got those people at the
racefull from the long runway and slowly bottom. And they were hard to get. They
g Y
disappear into the sky. themselves don't know how important it is
The boy's imagination and part of his fears for the children.
soared wit$ the big jet. It was the first one "Some of those little ones were so with-
he hsd everseen. drawn. 'They did not look like they lived in a
just took over the whole bunch," said Mrs.
Annette Roberts, principal of Hamilton
Elementary School where the .boy naw at-
tends first-grade classes.
That eye-opening experience took place
last summer when 34 children from impov-
erished. hopes, in the Hamilton High School
area were 3ntrodu~ed to the world in a
"readiness" program for preschool children.
It is this kind of child-to whom the world
is a big scary expanse a few blocks from the
gloom of poverty-which the $50 million
Federal program, Project Head Start, will try
to help.
A Memphis-Shelby County committee has
applied for $1,183,191 to launch a nroera.m
iviure cnan ao percent of all the Memphis
children who will be eligible to attend the
project Head Start classes now live in densely
populated poverty pockets, one big area along
the Memphis waterfront from the Wolf
River south to just north of Kerr and jut-
ting east to Bellevue.
Two smaller pockets are along the Wolf
River in North Memphis bordered on the
south by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad.
Most of the families in the areas earn less
than $3,000 a year and many earn as little as
$1,000. Others earn next to nothing and are
on welfare rolls. Often there are many chil-
dren and a woman is the sole parent.
The 5-week preschool class at Hamilton
pound areas of the city and county. - "~5 ~iaeir nelgnDOrnood, going to the zoo and
A few small programs have been set up the airport, playing games with other chil-
ln individual schools in the past two sum- dren and toys and doing a hundred things
h
ey had never done before, Life was different
mere, but with limited funds a~t1d personnel t
these training classes could only reach a few for them, Mrs. Roberts said.
children. Project Head Start hopes to reach "Out of the 34, only 3 scored low enough
all of-them, white and Negro. on the readiness examination to be consid-
The average Memphis-Shelby County rest- ered a poor risk for passing. If they hadn't
dent can't truly understand the need for come to the class half of them would have
preparing these youngsters for that first big been a poor risk."
step into formal education-the first grade. In Memphis schools 2 years ago, 1,433 first
For nearly all 6-year-olds, the first grade graders failed. That was only 12 percent of
the first big venture awav from mnthnr i~ the total numhar of flra+ .....,,~e.... w..~ .,. ___~
pening in class the year has gone. They are
just getting used to sitting in a class.
"I think preschool training is more pro-
found than just learning. The children have
already been in the world long enough to
have a concept of themselves-and it's not
going to be very good.
"This (preschool training) does something
for a child's self-concept. It does something
to his thinking and it's bound to last. Then
he can move on and be successful."
The Memphis-Shelby County application
for funds won't come up for approval until
some time in May.
IP it is approved 7,170 children-6,000 in
Memphis-will be eligible to attend 8-week
classes in 83 schools in the city and county
this summer.
The children., in the age group 5%2 to 6,
will be divided into classes of 15 students,
each class with 1 teacher and 1 teacher
assistant. Assistants may often be neigh-
borhood mothers and not always with a
.college degree.
There will be little formal learning and
the school day of 4 morning hours will be
spent mostly in making field trips all over
the city and county and becoming familiar
with routine classrgom procedure and mate-
rials.
Before the children start the summer ses-
sion each will be given complete health
and dental examinations and certain treat-
ment if necessary, During the school period
they will be given at least lunch and oaten
breakfast for those to wham that meal is
a rarefy.
No program, no matter haw large, can
make budding scholars with only a breakfast
and a trip to the zoo. But several thousand
Memphis and Shelby County children will
get abreak-a head start-in the crowded
race for education.
"If we didn't feel that we had some
chance to win over their condition it would
be bad," said Mrs. Roberts.
The preschool classes at both Pope apd
Hamilton kept .the children together with
the same teacher in the first grade, to give
them continuity.
With the help of Project Head Start, if
it is approved, the same teachers-and others
in 83 schools--will be teaching their brothers,
sisters, and friends,
President oh
sons Johns Hopkins Uni-
versi~y Address on Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROSS BASS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, May 3, 1965
prived" homes, it is along journey across "The children with poor backgrounds come Cellerit editorial in support of the I?reSi-
a dark void. into class completely unequipped. They are dent's address, a.t Johns Hopkins Uni-
Most of them have never had a box of just babies. They aren't ready to read, or do versify, CoriCernirig Vietnam. I ask
crayons," said Louis Porter, principal of Pope numbers or learn words because of a lack of unanimous Consent that tkle address be
Elementary School where a readiness. pro- contact with people," said Mrs. Roberta. printed in the Appendix of .the RECORD,
gram was set up last summer. Similar pro- "By the time they are used to wha# is hap- and I COmme~ld it t0 all Senators.
, A208~1
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 A2082
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX May 3, 1965
There being no objection, the editorial the world, friends of Poland ar those
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, slightly connected with this great coun-
as follows: try, have been celebrating Poland's Con-
stitution of May 3, 1791. Time and
THE PRESIDENT'S PATH
President Johnson's masterly address in again we have discussed here on the floor
Baltimore,, beamed to .friend and foe alike, Of the House the merits of this great -
sI>elled out the two elements essential. to European. charter as one of the most.
the conduct of a responsible foreign .policy: democratic constitutional documents
Power, .with the willingness tb use it; and ever drafted. Unfortunately, for well
principle, with its unyielding comxnitxnents aver a century, the people of Poland Were
and its continuing regard far human values. unable to benefit from it, far as we all
They can bring us .peace, the goal of all well know, the country Was partitioned
r,rtional men; they can sustain us in any
war necessary to defend freedom. by three great pOWerS: Russia, Prussia,
We are in Vietnam, he said, because we and Austria. For barely 20 years of Pull
have given our word to help the Sbuth Viet- independence, between the two Great
namese protect their right to choose their Wars were the Polish people able to m-
own path, "and I intend to keep that pronx- joy their freedom, their liberty, and their
ise." way of life, guaranteed them by this
Our gbjective is fixed---an independent Callstitutiari.
;iouth Vietnam. Conditions for an ultimate After 20 years of full liberty, the inde-
settlement are clear-a nation "free from"out-
adde interference, tied to no alliance, a inili- pendent Polish nation Was once again
i;ary base for no other country." invaded. Oxi the one hand bloodthirsty
For this purpose, he said, we remain ready armies of Hitler's Third Reich Crossed the
"tor unconditional discussions;" the bno Polish frontiers and within 1 month had
really new point he defined in hie recapitula- the entire Country in complete control,
~tion of bur southeast Asia policy. murdering or executing all opposition.
The enemy's objective is just as clear. On the other hand Hitler's allies, the
:[forth pietnam whose tratned men, -sup- Soviet Union, marched ilito Poland from
plies, orders and arms" are the "heartbeat of
the war," wants no less than the "total con- the East and within 3 months of its occu-
queat" of its neighbor. And behind Hanoi potion departed same 1 xjz million people,
is the ^aeepening shadow of Commnnist who were shipped to the farthest regions
China" far whom the cbnfiict is part of ":~ of the U,S.S.R. and put into the ln-
wiser pattern of aggressive purpose:' famous slave labor camps. Mare than
We will use America's awesome power with 14 000 Polisji officers were massacred by
:restraint and Wisdom, but "We will use it,? the NKVD, and in the years that fol-
io aohSeve a victoryfor freedom.' We will not
'be defeated, or'grow tired, or withdraw "either lowed the Soviet occupation of Polish
openly oT under tb.e clank of meaningless soil, some 2 million Pales disappeared,
agreement:' never to be accounted for, ,bringing the
From this position of strength and deter- fatal of Poles sla~xghtered to some 7 mil-
l ti the President extended a hand to lion souls.
pal elements. None of the various PAX
establishments pays any income tax.
Haw this highly controversial character,
who until 1939 advocated "a free-of-
Jews Polish Nationalist Hame," came:.
back into a Communist-run country is
no mystery to those who know a little
about the workings of .the Kremlin.
After having been arrested by the NKVD,
Piasecki, a highly intelligent individual,
managed to convince Sverov, Beria's
deputy, that his PAX movement would
achieve the Soviet aim, to split the Pyles.
He was released and aided in gettin?;
back to Poland, where his power today is
unlimited.
And now, the latest twist by the re-
gime which .calls itself a democracy:
Last March the Wrocalaw Vq'eekly, of the
PAX group Catholics, published an inter-
view with General $eriing, chairman of
the Polonia Committee, an organization
aiming to bring closer ties with Poles
abroad. Berling, asked ley the corre-
spondent about the tasks of the recent-
ly-created Polonia Committee attached
to the Union of Fighters for Freedom
and Democracy, had this to say:
The tasks are very important and very fun-
damental. We want to establish permanent
contacts with the Polonia centers through-
out the world. First of all, we would like
to establish contacts with the Polish vet-
erans' organizations abroad. We would thrn
enable our countrymen living abroad to be-
come acquainted with the real life of Po-
land, with its great achievements and ins
great plans for the fixture.
The real scope of the Polonia Commit-
teewas shgwn by the following words:
We would like to draw the Polonia into
the all-national front oP building up the
prestige of our Fatherland a,nd of maintain-
ing. vigilance against everything which
threatens Poland with hostility. ' ? ~ We en-
visage the organization of common political
activity aimed, for instance, at unmasking
the revisionist drives of antipeace elements.
+ ? ~ We shall orgaize celebrations of t;he
national anniversaries of great historical
events; care for the places where Polish
blood was shed during the last war. We
shall organize an exchange of periodicals a,nd
publications containing integral nfornxa-
tion, excursions, visits oY emigre families
to Poland, summer holidays in Poland for
children from abroad, eta
m xxa on,
help anal sounded a note of hope for a re- In July of this Year the Polish puppet
pion sorely in need. of both. Peace would regime will loudly celebrate the-21st ari-
permit avast cooperative program. of develop- niversary of Poland's "liberation," one
merit? in which North Vietnam_would share,
he went on, and the United states would be of the most tragic events history has
asked to invest a billion dollars in the pro- known. This Polish tragedy has no com-
gram ux?aer the aegis of the united Nations. parison, and some specific examples a?
Tyree years of military effort at the present how it came about and is maintained are
level would cost us more. worth keeping in mind.
In a particularly mowing passage. Mr. On July 22, 1944, a handful of un-
Johnsgn raja naked power is not the impres- known people who called themselves the
save thing in national policy or in human Committee of Liberation formed a new
aspirations, although it may be necessary at
times. A dam,to produce power is impressive, Palish Government in Lublin, backed up
he scald. Sq is "a rich harvest in a hungry by Stalin`s Red Army and the NKVD.
land.," and the "sight of healthy children in The Polish Home Army was being liqui-
and a few unknown members of
; , dated
,
,classroom
"I know how difficult it is far reason to underground units who came into Poland On the day of the 174th anniversary
guide passion, and love to master hate," he wifh the Soviet army were made heroes of the Palish Constitution of May 3, I
said. The complexities of this world do not overnight. Half of Poland was handed wbuld like to ask the chairman of the
bow easily to Pm'e and consistent answers. over to Stalin, and the deal was accepted Polonia Committee whether his commit-
8ut the simple truths are there just the by the three great powers. Alien to
same. we must try to follow them as best Poland, hordes of Communist Gauleiters tee is going to celebrate this great day. I.
we ~'~ took over the country, throwing into jail would like to ask him whether his com-
PresYdent Johnson makes it clews this is the mittee will care for all the places where.
path Tong which he would lead. And this everyone who openly opposed the Soviet- polish blood was shed-will it include the
Nation, as purposeful as it is powerful, as inspired action. Katyn Forest? I would like to ask why,
dedicated to principle as it is capable of mill- poland, which has only one party, the in a recent visa application form issued
tart' success, can follow him in unreserved Commnnist Party, has its movements by ~ Polish consulates, he has included
support for Tiffs efforts to end the war in Viet- called PAX. Its leader, Stanislaw Pia-
nam of to flgkxt it out to victory. secki, a prewar Fascist who headed the the following question, which speaks for
itself and understandably may give pause;
Polish Constitution Day
ultranationalist Falanga Party, leads to- to emigree families hoping to visit Po -
desy the pseudo-Catholic movement, the land:
aim of which is to split the Palish Catho-
lics and undermine them from Within. In case of earlier permanent residency in
Piasecki, who managed to split the Poland, give the last address, place of work:,
by forming an anti-Vatican and position, when and on what grounds and
l
i
h
ergy
s
c
.o~ . Pal
priesthood of the sa-Called patriotic by what documents the departure followed?
HON. JOHN C. KLUCZYNSKI priests, is the only Pole in Poland who And finally, I would like to ask the
os a,trrroxs manages to run his own free enterprise chairman of the Polonia Committee
IN ~xoUSi;,oF gEPREF.fENTATIVES^ organization-profltmakfng stares, small whether he realizes that the hostility o]
May 3, 1965 industt'Y, and an export house known as Poles abroad is directed, pat againsi
1t2onday, .Into,' not to speak of a chain of the
Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, for so-called Catholic press which fully sup- Poland, the Polish nation, and what the
174 years now all free people throughout ports the Red. regime with all its crimi- Poles stand fir, but merely against a re?
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y CONGRESSIONAL,. ~CORA -.APP~NDL~
the loss R1 qur #'ights-and a. poor bargain you would understand better. They have
it is. Our subsidy-less than ffi200 last year- fought the Viet Minh and now it is the
naturally helps, but it doesn't make a Critical, Vietcong. This has lasted for more than
di$erel}ge, t0 a family ,that's. been on a pay- SO years. Some of the people don't care any
as-you-go basis as long as we have. As long more. Sending of sons to fight and maybe
as, businessmen wklq denoun4e Government; get killed seems only natural.
accept .subsidies to .their industries, and. as They make a big thing of it when an
long : as artists denqunce the organization American is .killed or wounded. But the
man, and,aecept foundation grants, so also United States just does not realize how
will we continug to accept the Government's many Vietnamese are killed or disabled daily
money, and go right on trying to bite the here.
hand that #geds us.. Sir, I .saw the American Embassy 5
But; ,the,Feder~l controls dq woFry us.. If minutes after the bomb exploded. Anyone
the Government. Carl dictate, What we can whq objects to our policy in this country
plant, is it, not cgnceivable that someday should have seen it. I truly believe they
the Government will be able to forbid us to would change their mind When that car
.A2089
His affinity for writing, she said, he just
picked up on his own.
"He's always been a bookworm. He reads
everything."
She is, of course, anxious for her son to
come home. So is Joanna, the little sister.
Asked Wednesday, how long her brother had
been gone, the girl sighed:
"Weeks and weeks and weeks * * * I don't
know when he's coming home."
Polish Constitution Day
farm our 151 acres of rabbit tracks at all? exploded it was as effective as Bring oo EXTENSION OF REMARKS
not soralers x111ea here. Most of them were HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD
civilians, women and children, also.
A Letter to Dallas What has to happen to wake people up OF PENNSYLVANIA
to this threat? It will not end here. If this
IN THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
country falls, then will come the next and
EX'I,'ENSIQN OF REMA#ZI~S thenext ~ Monday, May 3, 1965
u ~T p A ~ua~ ~uu~ L never reauzea what was nap- ~~~~? rr.,vvr~. Ivlr. apeaxer, the YOllsn
H,QN, ,E,~RLE..CQ~$ELL pening until I saw it firsthand, I hope that Constitution of May 3, 1791, 1S a Very 1121-
IN THE HOUSE pF REPRESENTATIVES `~"~ `" 11`"??` "a"` "" sv ~.uvusrr wrrao these promulgation marked a turning point in
people do. Poland's Central Government, and the
' Monday,. May 3, 1965 N I've finished letting off a little steam ` I'm date has become a Palish holiday.
sorry if I bothered you too much. I am a
Mr. CABELL, Mr. Speaker, I would resident of Dallas and my mother lives there. The Polish people had the misfortune
like to call attention of ,the Hquse to a I want to see my family again as do all of losing a good part of their country late
vexy warm and moving letter from a servicemen here want. to go home. in the 1770's to their greedy neighbors.
young man-who is serving our couxltry in I hope President Johnson sticks to his Certain Polish leaders .felt that if they
Saigon. This- letter .appeared in the guns because he is right. had. a strong. central government, cap-
Sincerely yours,
April. 29 issue of the Dallas Times herald able. of uniting all elements in the coun-
along with an article by Jim Lehrer. BOBBY C. DALTON, try and strengthening its fighting ca-
This young man tells a_story which need, GmGS Headquarters support Activity.. pacity, future calamities could be
SAIGON.
to be told, again and again, so, that our -._-_. avoided. ,They were~tharoughly dissatis-
..
people ,realize what.. we. 'axe fighting, in (BV Jim Lehrer. staff writrrl fled with their absolutist, monarchial
President Johnson has emphasized her son wrote a letter Vto Vthe .Times Herald much power, and was incapable of .using
many times that the reason we are in 'from vietnam. it effectively because of certain crippling
South Vietnam is to halt the bombings "He's a sensitive, sincere boy who speaks defects in the old Diet-legislative as-
Vietnamese men when he has something to say," said- Mrs. sembly. The discontent was wides
and murder ctf South
r
d
..
p
ea
women, and children by the Vietcong Alva Dalton, wednesday. among liberal leaders and also among the
who are directed from snot. Th A switchboard operator at the downtown mass of the people. These liberal, demo-
~ YMCA, Mrs. Dalton said her 22-year-old-son cratic and patriotic leaders took upon
South,VetnameS~ ~al?e brave anfi,coura.- has had a lot to say a>out the war in viet-
geous people. They have suffered cos- ham. _ themselves the task crf drawing up a can-
1lalties at xates higher than we have ever "After the bombing of the American Em- stitution which. would improve, if not
experienced in our history. However, bossy in Saigon 4 weeks went by without revolutionize, the Government - of Po-
this young man says more than I can say a letter * *ana then finally one came," land. The result was the Constitution of
she recalled.
about the wisdom pf supporting President May 3, 1791.
Johnson's policies in Vietnam. Mrs. Dalton said Bobby told of being close The Constitution drastically reduced
The above lnentione~. follows;, immeatate ybassy ana racing to tae scene the arbitrary .powers of the king; and
FROM VIETNAM: A LETTER To .DALLAS ?He said he~ counted 15 bodies and- he made Poland a constitutional monarchy.
(EnrTOR's NOTE.-The following letter was Picked up a girl and carried her out. She Heretofore the king COUld exercise .his
received by the Times Herald from Bobby died before he could get her to an ambu- authority only through a Council. The
Dalton, a Dallas man now stationed with lance.." powers of the upper chamber were CUr-
the U.S. Navy in Vietnam.) " `Mother, I actually tracked out human tailCd, and those of the popularly elected
To: Managing Editor; Dallas Times ,Herald, blood'," she quoted her son as writing. lower chamber were strengthened. The
From: Sobbg,Dalton; ,GmG3, i7.S. Navy, Mrs. Dalton .said Bobby's sensitivity, in _ peasantry was freed from its bondage
Subject: Vietnam. fact, may eventually end his career in the and placed under the protection of the
SIR: I realize tliat this Lett r ?ma seem Navy, which began 3 years ago.
y As aresult oY his experiences at the Em- laW. Re11gi0US tOleratlOri Was aSSUred t0
silly to you; but I would like to tell you bossy and elsewhere in Vietnam his blood all citizens, and freedom of Speech -Was
something that I've observed While axi Viet- pressure has risen," she said. "The Navy guaranteed. These features made the
ham. may not let him re-enlist because of it." Constitution a democratic instrument
The normalatotir is~t ne a ear,ebut I extended Bobby was born in Corpus Christi, said and represented a great forward advance
9 Y Mrs. Dalton, but grew up in Chandler and in popularizing the Government. It was
an additiioxlal year. For the .first time in Tyler. He finished the 11th grade at Chand-
my life I .feel that I'm helping accomplish ler High School and then went on to get his hailed a5 such throughout the country,
something. People who live in the, 1;7nited high school diploma in the Navy. and even many liberal leaders abroad
States. don't know hqw lucky they are. Some Mrs. Dalton and two of her other children, praised the Polish leaders.
just don't care. what happens in this country. Alva, Jr., 15, and Joanna, 6, moved to Dallas On the 174th anniversary. celebration
The cnly thing is, this is the time to stop 3 years ago. They live at 530 Sunnyside in of the Polish Constitution Day one Can
retreating for the sake of the Cgmmunists? . Cockrell Hill. Alva is a student at Crozier hardly overlook the 25th anniversary of
- I do not ever want to see a war like we Tech High School. the Katyn Forest massacre of many
will be #aced with, ~It,Wquld be. horrible. Mrs. Dalton said Bobby has kept her well thousand Polish ofiicer5 by their heart-
But th~rl I day stop letting the Communists informed-except for that one 4-week
push us. They openly send arms and troops break-with letters and pictures from Viet- less captors-early in the last war. InCi-
into this co?unt}'y to,gverthrow the present ham. deritally, in -this- connection, 1t iS also
government,.. 'When, j~ecause Americans come "He never goes anywhere without a camera worth recalling that this is the 20th
here to b.elp at the request, of the. govern- or two," she said. "He's sent us many pho- anniversary of the Yalta agreement.
me,nt of. Vietnam we ;are called aggressors. tographs and even two reels of movies he has Lastly, I would also like to stress the fact
It', you could meet some oY the people here taken. over there." t$at a11110St 1,040 years ago, in the .year
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 A2~090
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX ll~ay 3, 1965
It was enough to drive an editor back to Or my friend Don Maxwell, editor of the
the bar and his racing form to bone up on Chicago Tribune, who has called upon Fidel
the l~entucky Derby. Castro to confess his errors, renounce com-
The suspicion lurks, however, that if any muaism an May 1 and join the free world,
important Government pronouncements are Editor Maxwell said in an open letter' to
to be made, L.B.J. will make them. So the Castro: "Repent. Make good your promise
public relations boys-and every Federal to the people. The Chicago 'T'ribune will
bureaucrat has them 1n depth-protect their publish your May Day confession in full."
C b n dictator h'cs not replied
a
th
966, Poles adopted Christianity as their
faith and founded the most powerful
Christian power in eastern Europe. In
taking note of all these occasions, I
gladly join all friends of Poland and of
freedom.
Must Papers Be Grim? A Chuckle Would
Help
e u
immediate bosses with prepared speeches To date,
which have about as much zing as as over- to this generous inducement. Perhaps Fidel
vermouthed martini served in a warm glass. is holding out for the editor's job.
Happily for the ASNE, President Vermont The histrionic performances of EVFRETT
Connecticut Royster is a North Garolina boy DtRxsEN, Senate minority leader, are always
with a sense of humor. His parents must g~ entertainment. The U.S. News & World
have had it, too. So, as the Republicans used Report asked him recently: "Same polls re-
to sap, just watt until next year. port that a large share of the people regard
In these days. of grim headlines and sad ,the Republican Party as the party of big
stories depicting the ills of humanity, editors business. I)o you think that's true?"
should strive for a better mix. I learned DIRKSEN replied: "Well, now.. How inter-
that word last week at a shoping center press esting that Henry Ford and his associates
party when the owner referred repeatedly to on tax matters all joined up as a committee
the proper tenant mix. for Mr. Johnson last year. They were all Re-
I gathered 1t meant that an efficiently Publicans, but went over to the Democrats.
planned center should have something in it "Now if big business is as odiaua tag, the
to please every customer. Like a newspaper, Democrats have got it. But Henry will be
perhaps? back in mp office when the bill to cut excise
Today's press is certainly cheating the taxes comes up."
reader Sn the humor department. Our edi- And then comes Mr. George Meany, presi-
tors have strong views on Vietnam, mental dent of the AFL-CIO, who says unions should
health, juvenile delinquency, the imbalance be prepared to use strikes or boycotts to force
of payments, world government, the United employer compliance with a new Federal ban
Nations, civil rights, and the John Birch on job discrimination against Negroes.
Satiety. Why is this funny? Well, simply because
Yet there is precious little in our newspa- sUtxre of the unions which Mr. Meany pre-
pers to make a man laugh. And he wants to, sumably controls have long been notorious
you know. discriminators against Negro applicants for
I read an amusing story the other day membership.
about a St. Bernard dog, the kind that wears Finally, I read somewhere .that U.S. war
a cask of brandy around his neck and saves correspondents in South Vietnam are barred
mountain climbers in the Alps. This par- from entering the PS's' and officers' clubs
titular dog couldn't climb his way out of a but that the shapely ladies of Saigon are
dry swimming pool, so the owners had to call always welcome.
upon the fire department to make the rescue. it seems the reporters cannot be trusted
Not too funny, perhaps, but better read- to Print the truth, but the girls are can-
ing than the spate of stories about rapes, sidered loyal to the cause.
murders, and accidents which confront us The item is not amusing but it shows how
with increasing number and regularity. far bureaucracy will go to louse up a war.
Today, every writer wants to be a pundit Some days the news is pretty depressing
and deal only with significant news. This is said a fellow would like to get away from.
the age of the specialist 1rr journalism, and it all.
so we have them in politics, government, Yet Charlie O., the mule mascot of the
education, science, social welfare, and the Kansas City Athletics is hamming it up?
cultural arts. green fairways beckon the ardent golfer who
It is a trend I do not decry. Newspaper practiced putting on the living room rug all.
readeas are better informed today than ever winter and the bum predictions on the Ken-
before. Reporters and apecla2 writers have tucky Derby are still good for a laugh.
the background and the ability to make in- Richard Monckton Milnes once said: "The:
volved subjects readable and understandable. sense of humor is the just balance of all the
Through investigative reporting, they dis- faculties of man, the best security against:
close chicanery, corruption, and incom- the pride of knowledge and the conceits of.
pei;ency wherever it may exist. the imagination, the strongest inducement:
Your daily newspaper is the public's best to submit with a wise and pious patience to
protection against the excesses of govern- the vicissitudes of human existence."
ment at ell levels. It is not unmindful of In a ward, humor helps and we need more
the growing interest in art, the theater, and of it.
OP REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM H. GYRES
OF O8I0
]:N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 3, 1965
].VIr. GYRES. Mr. Speaker, no news-
paper column receives more careful at-
tention by people in public life than the
weekly column of Jahn S. Knight.
'T'hat distinguished editor- covers the
national and international scene with
great forthrightness. He constantly
trfrats his subjects with the deep serious-
ness that they merit.
.As Jack Knight is a fellow townsman
of mine, it has been my privilege to
spend many wonderful hours in his com-
pany. I have found him to be a truly
dedicated, patriotic citizen but one who
has always maintained a good sense of
humor. He has never assumed the man-
tle; of a pontificating editor. He has ever
retained that quality of fellowship that
hEbS characterized the great editors of
our Nation.
The Jahn S. Knight column, not only
al>peared in his own newspapers, the
Akron, Ohio, Beacon Jatu nal; the Miami,
Fl.a., Herald; the Detroit> Mich., Free
Press; the Charlotte, N.C., Observer; and
tl'ie Tallahassee, Fla., bemocrat but in
over 100 other newspapers as well.
It follows;
MUST PAPERS BE GAIM? A CHU(:E;LE
WOULD HELP
(By Jahn S. Knight)
The Nation's editors journeyed to Waeh-
in.gton a few weeks ago to brush up on
journalistic techniques and heal' from the
mighty men of Government who regulate our
- daily lives.
On the whole, it was not an illuminating
experience. Other than a panel on civil
rights sparked by Attorney General Nicholas
deB. Katzenback, the program was dull, un-
informative and humorless.
Vermont C. Royster, eC.tor of the Wall
Street Journal and newly elected president
o:f the American Society of Newspaper Edi-
tors, -found the discussions of journalism-
past and future-"dreadfully depressing."
Vice President HUAEAT HV=aPHREY, who can
ordinarily manage a fast quip or two, de-
livere~ himself of a Democratic stump speech
which I feared would ne ?er end. Later,
H.UDERT HORATIO had the, grace to apologize
tb the 15rogram chairman fo- laying an egg.
Henry Fowler, the new Secretary of the
Treasury, said nothing in a good many words.
zR~e same applied tv Commerce Secretary
Connor. As "Bunny" Royster remarked:
"You could have switched one speech for the
other and nobody would have known the
difference."
Admittedly, oratory is a dying art. Yet a
man should get more for the price of his
luncheon ticket than-chicken, peas, melting
ire cream and cold coffee.
the beautification of our, cities. The news-
paper is a superbly packaged compendium
of the things which interest; you.
And yet, I sense the need for more warmth
in our pages and the humorous feature stor-
ies which sparkle like stars in an otherwise
forbidding night.
The pagularity of sports pages gives testi-
mony. to the fact that we are all, in a sense,
escapists. Few there are who have no heroes
in the world of .sports. Breathes there a
man with soul so dead who does not revel
in the golfing exploits of Jack Nicklaus or a
lady who has never read of Kelso, the wander
horse of this generation?
Of course, there are also humorous aspects
to the news which rival "Today's Chuckle:'
Barry Goldwater, for instance, presented
himself to the Anglo-American Press Associ-
ation in Paris by saying: "If you don't know
who I am, I'm the trigger-happy, war-man-
gering SOB who has been asking the admin-
istration to do something about the supply
routes in North Vietnam. Now, you're a
statesman when you do that."
This Is What I Firmly Believe
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT E. SWEENEY
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 3, 1965
Mr. SWEENEY. Mr. Speaker, Mr.
George P. Smith, of the Cuyahoga River
Reclamation Commission, Cuyahoga
Falls, Ohio, is one of the most sincere
and devoted conservationists of the Na-
tion. John Smith has spent a lifetime of
effort in attempting to arrest the pollu-
tion of our streams and waterways
located in the Buckeye State.
Recently, Mr. Smith has authored the
following links entitled "This Is What T
Approved For Release 2003/10/14 :CIA-RDP67B00446R000300150009-4