CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140010-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: October 8, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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October 8, 196 C GR1 SSIONAL RECOk - AP'1: TDIX A5671
Consider the western Kansas stake alone.
The present 'congressional proposal is to re-
duee Kansas' allotment for sugarbeet pro-
duction from 24,000 to 1,000 acres. Sugar-
beets have always had the short end of the
draw in comparison. with cane, and the sit-
uation now is at its lowest ebb.
Forty percent of the U.S. domestic sugar
consumption will be provided by foreign
producers. In some instances, this makes
sense because we must buy abroad if we
would sell abroad. An abrupt cutoff for im-
ported sugar would not be 'in the national
interest.
But neither is it in the national interest
to authorize the same old indiscriminate
purchasing, and at the same time hampering
domestic producers.
Some Congressmen blame, the State De-
partment, for using sugar as a diplomatic
tool. Others blame the Agriculture bepart-
went, for blindly accepting State's sugges-
tions.
But the buck can't be passed beyond con-
gressional Balls. The evidence is that Con-
gressmen still listen more to the blandish-
ments of sugar lobbyists, both domestic and
foreign, than they do to commonsense. Only
Congress can update the Sugar Act, and
Congress doesn't seem interested.
United States-Panama Agreement a Wei-
come Development
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD FULTON.
Or TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 8, 1965
Mr. FULTON of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, President Johnson recently an-
nounced, that the United States and
Panama have, agreed to write a new
treaty with regard to the present canal,
and to explore possibilities for a new,
modern sea-level canal. This announce-
ment was greeted with enthusiasm by
our friends and allies throughout the
world. It was greeted with consterna-
tion and dismay by our enemies, who
have spent long years in efforts to alien-
ate our friends with the boogie man of
"Yankee imperialism."
. As the Nashville Tennessean recently
stated, it would have been ominous news
had the President's announcement been
the reverse of what it was. Those who
resist a fair and equitable solution to the
canal problem can only encourage those
abroad who would have the small na-
tions of the world look upon America as
something other than she is. We are
not imperialists, We do not follow the
road of violence. We do not believe that
force or superior power is a legitimate
way to solve differences among nations.
Our voluntary and magnanimous ac-
tion in connection with the Panama Ca-
nal dispute, which dates all the way back
to 1903, is positive proof that America,
Intends to suit her actions to her words.
The importance of this event is excel-
lentlydescribed in the editorial to which
I have referred, and I request permission
to make that editoral a part of the
RECORD,
The editorial follows:
IFrom the Nashville Tennessean, 'Sept. 27,
1965]
UNITED STATES-PANAMA AGREEMENT IS
WELCOME DEVELOPMENT
President Johnson's announcement that
the United States and Panama have agreed
to write a new treaty was not unexpected.
It would have been ominous news had the
reverse been announced.
The new treaty, according to the President,
will give Panama a share in administration,
management and operations of the canal.
The new treaty will also effectively recognize
Panama's sovereignty over the area of the
present Canal Zone.
President Johnson did not go into detail
about how much Panama will share in oper-
ating the canal, nor did he indicate how that
country will share in benefits, direct and in-
direct from the existence of the canal.
Presumably these are details which are yet
to be worked out, and it Is too early to weigh
the overall impact of the treaty. There are
those in this country who already are making
critical noises, despite the fact the details are
not completed.
Panamanian aspirations have been to have
some share in operation of the canal, free
port privileges, equal treatment for Panama-
nian labor In the Canal Zone and some recog-
nition, such as flying its flag, that it has
sovereignty in the zone.
Panamanian differences with the United
States over some of these points have led to
major rioting and bloodshed. The United
States hardly relishes the thought of recur-
rence of violence in Panama and the conse-
quent effect this would have on relations
with the various countries in the hemisphere.
Those who have argued in favor of keep-
ing the status quo underestimate Panama-
nian pride and nationalism, both of which
are sincere and deep seated. And it might
be added, both have proved to have an ex-
plosive potential.
The President said the new treaty would
be terminated after a specified number of
years or on the date of the opening of a new
sea-level canal, whichever occurs first.
The United States has been studying four
possible sites for a new sea level canal. One
site is in Colombia, a second is in Nicaragua,
and two sites are in Panama.
A newer, larger canal is badly needed, but
whether it, too, should be in Panama is a
question that needs a great deal of debate.
It is hoped the new agreement between Pan-
ama and the United States will repair rela-
tions between the two countries and lessen
the possibility of further explosive violence.
The two countries have a great deal more to
gain from harmony than friction, and for
that reason a fair and equitable treaty ar-
rangement should be welcomed.
George Meany on the Vietnam War
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 8, 1965
This truth was brought to mind once
again by the fine editorial, signed by
which appears in the current issue of
the American Federationist, on the war
in Vietnam.
Mr. Meany points out that recent de-
velopments in Vietnam "confirm the
soundness and effectiveness of President
Johnson's basic policy."
The distinguished labor leader goes on
to assert:
It is gratifying to note that more and more
people in our country are showing greater
understanding and rendering wholehearted
support to President Johnson's course.
Once again, Mr. Speaker, organized
labor is playing a constructive role in
the formulation and execution of wise
and responsible foreign policy. To Mr.
Meany and his associates must go our
sincere commendations.
In order to bring the complete text of
this editorial statement to the attention
of my colleagues, I am inserting it in the
RECORD at this point:
(NOTE.-Following is the text of an
editorial, signed by AFL-CIO President
George Meany, which appears today in the
current issue of the American Federationist,
official monthly publication of the AFL-CIO.)
In recent weeks, there has been a mean-
ingful improvement in the critical Vietnam
situation. This turn for the better is due to
a number of factors. The determination of
our government and the superb fighting
capacities of the enlarged American Armed
Forces is the paramount reason for the
changed picture. This has served to lift the
morale of the courageous South Vietnamese
people and to Increase the effectiveness of
their military forces. Credit is also due to
the participation of cooperating nations like
South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, and
New Zealand. The growing sympathetic
understanding of our country's policy and
position in Vietnam among the peoples of
Asia, Europe and the developing countries is
as significant as it is encouraging.
In consequence of this combination of
forces, the much-vaunted Vietcong "mon-
soon offensive" has been stopped cold:
Actually, in some vital combat areas the in-
itiative has passed into the hands of the
Americans and South Vietnamese fighting to
defend the territorial integrity and in-
dependence of the Republic of South
Vietnam.
Certain significant developments have
come in the wake of this turn for the better.
In the Vietcong-ridden regions, the people
are beginning to lose their fear of the Com-
munist guerrilla terrorists. What is more,
the Vietcong forces are becoming bone-tired.
In sum, these developments confirm the
soundness and effectiveness of President
Johnson's basic policy-readiness to negotiate
for a just settlement of the conflict and
determination to fight, if necessary, until the
people of South Vietnam are assured peace,
national security and freedom. In this light,
it is gratifying to note that more and more
people in our own country are showing
greater understanding of and rendering
wholehearted support to President Johnson's
course.
It would, however, be a costly mistake to
conclude that the most difficult tasks in the
Vietnam crisis have already been met. It
would be far from the truth to say that the
terrible conflict is about to end. The Hanoi
dictatorship has contemptuously spurned
the numerous American offers for uncondi-
tional peace negotiations. This Communist
Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, one of
the strong pillars for a sane and respon-
sible foreign policy in the United States
has been the American labor movement.
The support which organized labor has
given to the effort to contain communism
and foster world economic development
hardly can be overestimated.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX October 8, 1965
regime has rebuffed similar peace moves by
the United Nations and the "nonalined"
nations.
Furthermore, the Communist enemy is
still very strong. It enjoys the full back-
ing of Moscow and Peiping for continuing
its subversion and aggression.
Given this new situation, the first task
the forces of freedom and peace face in this
arena of terrible warfare is to convince the
people that they have good and urgent
reasons to fight against the Communist
forces. It would be self-deception to hide
the fact that very much remains to be done
toward the building of a government of, by,
and for the people of South Vietnam. It is
rather easy to set up a government which
rules by terror, but the great need and over-
riding aim here is to develop an effective
democratic government which would stand
out in clear and inspiring contrast to the
ruthless totalitarian dictatorship in North
Vietnam.
Nor can we exaggerate the urgency of
proceeding with increased vigor to develop
an extensive land reform program and to
put into effect other long overdue social
reforms. In fact, the improved overall situa-
tion provides more favorable conditions for
such beneficial social changes, for a social
transformation that will profoundly change
for the better the conditions of life and la-
bor for the great mass of the people. This
is the best way to win the people for the war
and to win the peace for the people.
In this connection, we must emphasize
with all the energy at our command that our
Government would be very well advised to
impress forcefully upon the Ky regime the
urgency of its discontinuing its hostile atti-
tude and acts against the Confederation of
Vietnam Workers (CVT) and the organiza-
tions of the peasantry. The American mili-
tary forces can do much in this direction by
impressing upon the cooperating Vietnamese
Military commanders the enormous impor-
tance of befriending rather than harassing
and hounding the spokesmen of labor.
Unless these organizations of the people
are assured their right to play a constructive
and vital role in the protection and build-
ing of their nation, social justice and democ-
ra.cy have very little chance of developing
in this pivotal area of southeast.Asia. Per-
secution of democratic labor is no way of
prosecuting the war or winning the peace.
Building the democratic forces is the only
way to win a better day for the long-suffer-
ing people of all Vietnam.
Our Dangerous Complacency
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CLARENCE D. LONG
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 8, 1965
Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker,
an editorial in the Community News
of. Reisterstown, Md., points out the re-
sponsibility resting on the average citi-
zen, and particularly on the business
community, to concern himself with the
affairs of government. The continua-
tion of the "American dream" depends
on the reawakened sense of responsibility
of all citizens to be active participants
in government. I am happy to include
this editorial in the RECORD:
OUR DANGEROUS COMPLACENCY
Love of freedom, respect for the individual
and a society dedicated to laws which hold
inviolate the rights of property and persons
are the bedrock upon which our country
was built. Under the pressures of war, popu-
lation growth, inflation, and the complacency
of prosperity, there has been a definite
crumbling of this bedrock.
In ways too numerous to mention, from
the rising crime rate to the philosophical ac-
ceptance of mounting national debt and
continually depreciating currency, the peo-
ple have shown a declining regard for the
"American dream" which took root in our
land nearly two centuries ago.
Never has there been a greater need for
people in all walks of life to take a renewed
interest in public affairs and the actions of
public officials, lawmakers, and legislative
bodies. Especially is this true of business-
men. Speaking of businessmen, a leader In
the business world, A. C. Rubel, retiring
chairman of the Union Oil Co. of California,
observes:
"Many businessmen ask, why become in-
volved in the affairs of government? I'm
doing all right. The answer is that govern-
ment has become deeply involved in the
affairs of business, your business. As a
businessman, you had better become in-
volved or you will wake up too late and find
that you are on the outside looking in. By
government, I mean everything from the lo-
cal school board to the Federal Adminis-
tration in Washington."
This advice to businessmen applies to all of
us.
"The Rightist Atmosphere," an Editorial
From the North Judson, Ind., News
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOHN BRADEMAS
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, October 5, 1965
Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to insert in the
RECORD the text of an excellent editorial
from the September 16, 1965, issue of
the North Judson News, a weekly news-
paper published in North Judson, Starke
County, Ind.
The editorial follows:
THE RIGHTIST ATMOSPHERE
By purporting to stand for deceny, law,
and order, by issuing pronouncements against
communism, vice and other undesirable de-
velopments the organized ultrareactionaries
hope to create an atmosphere of respect-
ability and constitutionality about them-
selves and their activities. This is done to
give their pronouncements against the Su-
preme Court, against integration and against
Federal officials as opposed to State officials
credibility and rationality. By presenting
plausible statements their whole argument is
based on rationalization rather than logic.
Such organizations, among them John Birch-
ers, the Ku Klux Klan, Minute Men and
others, actually aid each other in creating
the atmosphere of respectability which they
all claim.
The self-righteousness of these groups
breaks down when they begin to use the
methods of communism: intimidation, vio-
lence, name-calling, subversion and char-
acter assassination. To call Chief Justice
Warren, former Presidents Eisenhower, Ken-
nedy, and Truman Communists (the top Reds
in America) is ridiculous but is believed
by a good number of gullible Americans.
The Ku Klux Klan thrives on such an atmos-
phere with its advocacy of white supremacy,
by intimidation, murder, bombing, and cruel
propaganda. All these methods are anath-
ema to lovers of liberty, freedom, and
democracy. They are also the methods of
communism. Rightists ignore the fact that
communism is also a method as well as a
philosophy. Indeed it is more the method
of communism that makes it so obnoxious
than anything else. Using these methods
inevitably leads to the institution of totali-
tarianism which can in no manner be recon-
ciled with democracy, liberty and individual
rights.
In a recent incident in an Indiana commu-
nity a revived Ku Klux Klan spread the
propaganda of hate literature through the
DS.afls to poison the minds of citizens with
doubt and opposition to authority. More
often than not these rightist groups are
financed by well-heeled individuals who
support these ideologies with large contribu-
tions. They often own their own printing
presses and radio stations. Organized as
"educational organizations" they have tax
free privileges in carryout on their volumin-
ous publication activity. Millions of copies
of their propaganda books are, sold, so they
actually run a profitmaking project. This
is subversion at the expense of the taxpayer.
There are attempts to infiltrate and control
political parties and governing boards. In
past years entire school boards and city coun-
cils in southern California have been dom-
inated by John Birchers, almost ruining the
entire educational system in some commu-
nities before school patrons became aware of
the subversion, and reasserted popular con-
trol. In such cases newspapers are often
intimidated or dominated.
In all States citizens need to be alert to all
extremism from the far right to the com-
munism of the far left. These groups are
subversive and un-American even though
they operate under titles of freedom, Ameri-
canism constitutionality, or other pretenses.
It is the moderate conservative and the
moderate progressive who through open dis-
cussion of issues and solutions will guaran-
tee steady progress for America. It would
be stupid for good American citizens to join
Nazi or Facist groups to fight communism
when good democratic methods of procedure
are available to all. We need to solve our
many problems to avoid encouraging com-
munism to step in and pick up the pieces.
If rightists should win over communism in
an open clash, we would immediately be
dominated by a totalitarianism no less evil
which would terminate our cherished dem-
ocratic heritage. Democracy is as dead
under Facist rule as it would be under com
munism. Neither is American.
Chase Bank Reports on Latin Outlook
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. RONALD BROOKS CAMERON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, September 15, 1965
Mr. CAMERON. Mr. Speaker, the
critics of the Alliance for Progress, in-
deed any form of foreign assistance, are
prone to look with jaundiced eye upon
any favorable comment on the program
since their political sixth sense-which
usually misleads-tells them it must be
coming from left of center.
It is fair to say that the Alliance's most
vocal critics are of a politically conserva-
tive nature, and thus I hope it is they
who will take a moment to acquaint
themselves with an economic report on
Latin America compiled by the Chase
Manhattan Bank, hardly it hotbed of
liberalism.
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October &, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
ington by Lafayette. General Washing- for scenic development and road beautifica-
ton was very much impressed by Count tion of the Federal-aid highway systems.
Pulaski's charm and heroic background
in defense of his country's liberty against
Russia, Austria and Prussia. Washing-
ton strongly recommended to the Con-
gress that Pulaski be commissioned an
American Brigadier General.
After Congress concurred with Wash-
ington's recommendaiton, Pulaski dis-
tinguished himself in the American Rev-
olution. In September of 1777, he vol-
unteered in the battle of Brandywine.
He served with great distinction in this
encounter. Although Pulaski often
erred and was 'in part responsible for
several military disasters, Congress, sup-
ported by Washington, permitted him to
organize an independent corps of cavalry
to be established in Baltimore, Md.
This cavalry was to protect the Ameri-
can supplies at Egg Harbor, N.J. How-
ever, on October 15, the British slashed
this legion at Egg Harbor. Pulaski then
commanded the cavalry during the win-
ter of 1777 at Trenton and later scouted
for supplies for our famishing troops at
Valley Forge. Indian massacres that
followed in Cherry Valley resulted in
Pulaski's orders to report for Minisink
on the Delaware River. It was in the
idle town of Minisink that the vigorous
Count became restless for action as most
energetic leaders do. He wished to re-
turn to Poland.
On February 2, 1779, 3 months later,
he joined Gen. Benjamin Lincoln in
South Carolina. Arriving in Charles-
town on May 8, he was confronted with
the approach of General Provost north-
ward from Savannah. He rushed to aid
on the defense but was decisively re-
pelled.
During this summer, Pulaski had high
hopes for victory. He now felt he could
do for America what he had sought. He
had devoted soldiers and an abundance
of work. Furthermore, it was reported
that finally Congress was to resolve to
grant his requests.
Pulaski again joined General Lincoln,
as he prepared with a French fleet to at-
tack Savannah.. On October 9, Pulaski,
heading his cavalry, charged into the
enemy lines at Savannah. During his
gallant charge, he was mortally
wounded. Two days later aboard the
ship Wasp, he died. The surgeons had
been unsuccessful in removing the fatal
bullet.
Today we commemorate Count Casi-
mir Pulaski whose selfless devotion has
become a symbol of liberty. Indeed, he
was a man of honor and Integrity.
Our First Lady, Mrs. Johnson, Has
Earned the Gratitude of the Country
SPEECH
OF
HON. PHILLIP BURTON
OF , CALIFORNIA
IN TEE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, October 7, 1965
The House in Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union had under
consideration the bill (S. 2084) to provide
Mr. BURTON of California. Mr.
Chairman, the passage of S. 2084, the
Highway Beautification Act of 1966, by
this House early this morning was a vic-
tory for those who seek to preserve the
natural beauty of our country.
It was a legislative triumph for the
Congress and a reflection of our support
of the "Keep America Beautiful" pro-
gram to which our First Lady, Mrs. John-
son, has devoted her time and energies.
She is to be commended for the leader-
ship which she has displayed in this pro-
gram to retain the natural beauties of
our country. She has earned the grati-
tude of the entire Nation, for the passage
of S.. 2084 was a triumph for the Nation.
Two Able Public Servants Rewarded by
President
EXTENSION OF
OF
HON. RICHARD FULTON
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 8, 1965
Mr. FULTON of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, the President has emphasized
on several occasions that the chief cri-
terion for his toll appointments is ability.
Nothing demonstrates his sincerity bet-
ter than the recent appointment of Post-
master General Gronouski as Ambas-
sador to Poland and the elevation of
Larry O'Brien to Postmaster General.
Both are able men. Both were ap-
pointed by President Kennedy. They
served him with competence, and they
continued that valuable service, under
President Johnson. The President
locked to them when he had important
positions of responsibility to fill.
This point Is incisively made in the
August 31 Nashville Tennessean, and I
ask consent to insert this editorial in
the RECORD at this time.
The editorial follows:
[From the Nashville Tennessean, Aug. 31,
19651
Two ABLE PUBLIC SERVANTS REWARDED BY
PRESIDENT
President Johnson selected wisely when
named John Gronouski the new A#k6as-
sader to Poland and placed Mr. Lawrence
O'Brien in the Cabinet as Postmaster Gen-
eral, succeeding Mr. Gronouski.
These nominations by Mr. Johnson are far
more than,, political rewards to, political
frie~xds. Both Mr. Gronouski and M. O'Brien
are able men. They come from different
sections of the Nation-even as their an-
cestors came to America from different parts
of the world-and they come from different
backgrounds. But each in his own way rep-
resents the very best that the American po-
litical system can develop and offer in the
way of public servants.
Mr. Gronouski-actually it is Dr. Gronou-
ski, by virtue of a Ph. D. earned at the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin=is an intellectual who
was a college professor before he entered
Government service at the State level. Presi-
dent Kennedy picked him to be Postmaster
General-the last Cabinet appointment he
made before his assassination.
As Postmaster General he was a candid
A5679
critic of the bureaucracy in. his department,
once commenting that he was surprised that
he ever got a letter mailed to him. He
worked to shake his department out of its
lethargy-and to some degree he was suc-
cessful.
His name, his candor, and his strong will
will make him an effective voice for his na-
tion in the country from which his grand-
father immigrated to America.
Mr. O'Brien's life has always been involved
in the world of politics and public relations.
As a child he worked with his father, an
Irish hotelkeeper in Boston, in ward politics.
In 1950 Mr. O'Brien saw a flash of great
promise in a young Congressman from
Massachusetts. He selected Mr. Kennedy
and dedicated all his efforts to helping make
him the President. He was with Mr. Kennedy
-all the way-even to the end at Dallas.
After President Kennedy was elected in
1960 Mr. O'Brien reportedly had hoped he
would be Postmaster General. But the Presi-
dent needed his talents elsewhere-in the
area of legislation. And so Mr. O'Brien went
to work on the White House staff, striv-
ing to push through a sometimes stubborn
Congress, the New Frontier program.
He worked diligently-even courageously.'
His job was never easy. Much of the pro-
gram came into law. after Mr. Kennedy's
death.
President Johnson-who has a telling way
with Congress-graciously paid great trib-
ute to Mr. O'Brien for his work in getting
the Kennedy-Johnson legislative program
enacted.
Neither of the two new appointees was
originally a "Johnson man." Neither came
to Washington to serve the man from Texas.
But when Mr. Johnson came to the White
House both demonstrated loyalty to his ad-
ministration. They put their best talents to
work to help make Mr. Johnson's Presidency
a success.
There is every reason to believe that both
would have continued to serve in their jobs-
or would have vacated their jobs if Mr.
Johnson had desired it. The President has
promoted them. And even the most severe
critics of the administrations will be hard
pressed to find fault with these appointments
which show politics to be, not a dirty busi-
ness but a most worthwhile business because
it offers able men the opportunity to give
high service to their country.
Ban Aid and Other Benefits to Nations
Doing Business-as-Usual With North
Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER
OF KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 8, 1965
Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, it was
just a week ago that the House of Rep-
resentatives considered the conference
report on the 1966 foreign aid appropri-
ations bill. You will recall at the time I
offered a motion to recommit the bill to
conference with instructions that the
House insist on its strong language pro-
hibiting the giving of aid to any nation
which engages in the shipment of stra-
tegic materials to North Vietnam. It
was disappointing to me to see this mo-
tion defeated by the narrow margin of
only 10 votes.
In reading the committee report on
H.R. 11135, Sugar Act Amendments of
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX October 8, M65
1965, which soon will be debated in the
House, I note that a similar amendment
relating to the assignment of sugar
quotas to those nations who trade or
ship goods to North Vietnam was offered
by my colleague, the gentleman from
Kansas [Mr. DOLE]. It was rejected by
the committee on the grounds that the
bill already contained language which
would take care of such situations.
The bill leaves to the discretion of the
President the withholdingor suspension
of sugar quotas and similarly the foreign
aid appropriations bill contained lan-
guage delegating the President discre-
tionary authority to withhold foreign aid
money.
While I do not question the President's
judgment, I strongly feel that the Con-
gress, which holds the constitutional
power over the pursestrings, should be
clearly on record in opposition to giving
foreign aid or other economic benefits
to those nations who continue business
as usual with the Communists of North
Vietnam.
American servicemen are each day
risking their lives in behalf of freedom
in southeast Asia. The casualty lists are
growing. The very least we can do for
our military forces in Vietnam is dem-
onstrate our confidence and support for
them by meaningful legislative actions
relating to the American commitment
to South Vietnam.
How can we explain a 10-vote rejection
of it ban on aid to nations doing business
with North Vietnam to the wounded
men or the survivors of the 1st Infan-
try Division squad which recently suf-
fered the loss of all its members on a
patrol in the combat zone?
How can we explain the refusal of the
Congress to write strong prohibitions
into sugar legislation to the parents,
wives, and children of the more than
130,000 Americans now in Vietnam?
Under the leave to extend my remarks
in the RECORD, I include the following
news dispatch published in the Wichita,
Kans., Beacon on October 5, 1965?which
certainly illustrates the nature and seri-
ousness of the war in which America is
involved:
CONG WIPE OUT KANSAS UNIT
SAIGON.-The famed 1st Infantry Division
from Fort Riley, Kans., lost every member of
a squad on patrol in the jungle 15 miles
northeast of Saigon today, a military spokes-
man reported.
All members of the patrol were killed or
wounded by Vietcong guerrillas. A squad
usually has about 12 members.
The "Big Red One" also was in action to-
day in infamous zone D, 30 miles north of
Saigon.
A. dispatch from Phuoe Vinh village said
a major force of the 1st Division was carry-
ing out a 3-day sweep of the zone but so far
had had only light contact with the enemy.
The Americans suffered a few minor frag-
meat wounds.
Two Vietcong battalions (up to 1,200 men)
were reported in the area.
In air action, two American planes were
lost, and one pilot was presumably killed.
One of the planes was hit by ground fire
during a raid over North Vietnam. The
other crashed in South Vietnam for un-
known reasons.
E{-52 bombers from Guam blasted "War
zone C" again today in a predawn raid aimed
at crushing tunnel headquarters of the Viet-
cong 70 miles northwest of Saigon.
Farther north, in the Qui Nhon area, guer-
rilla forces were reported using children as
shields against American air raids, then
shooting the children. The atrocity was wit-
nessed by Maj. B. H. Mann, a Marine Corps
helicopter pilot.
The ambushed patrol of the U.S. Army's
1st Infantry Division was attacked as it was
returning from a nighttime search-and-kill
mission in the Bien Hoa area shortly before
sunrise. Another American patrol in the
area heard the sound of battle and tried to
work its way through jungle to help repulse
the guerrillas.
.But the Vietcong had fled by the time the
patrol arrived. American casualties were
described as "heavy." Two Vietcong bodies
were found.
Mann said he saw 18 people getting into
-a boat at the water's edge. As it started
across the river, Mann said he saw children
in the group and radioed the air controller
not to order strafing runs on the boat.
"The men sat in the boat and held the
children as two persons poled the boat,"
Mann said. "As they approached the other
shore, the men stood up and threw the chil-
dren into the water and ran ashore.
"As soon as the men had cleared the
area, persons on the peninsula opened fire
on the children. Several were hit and at
least one appeared to be dead.
"I circled to investigate the firing and the
Vietcong opened fire at me and hit the fuel
tank, forcing me to make an emergency
landing"
At Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Premier
Nguyen Cao Ky, of South Vietnam, said
Communists are "gradually losing what pop-
ular support they had" in his country.
He said recent estimates of refugees from
Communist zones and defectors from Viet-
cong ranks have proven this.
His government, Ky said, "has begun to
create hope" and the South Vietnamese peo-
ple are "now beginning to think of certain
victory."
U.S. military officials said American mili-
tary personnel in South Vietnam totaled
131,700 as of September 30. They said this
included 75,6Q0 Army, 5,830 Navy, 36,900 Ma-
rines, 13,100 Air Force, and 270 Coast Guard.
There has been speculation here continu-
ing buildup of American strength may go as
high as 200,000 men by year's end.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JACK EDWARDS
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 8, 1965
Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr.
Speaker, Alabama's forest products in-
dustry is awakening the respectful atten-
tion of the Nation. With the help of
extensive research and the energy and
immagination of Alabama's people, the
industry is expanding until now it is the
State's second largest dollar producer.
I include in my remarks an article
summarizing that expansion:
Based on dollar value of products, forest
products is the second largest industry in
Alabama, now bring jobs to more than
100,000 people in the State.
Approximately half the $406 million of new
and expanded industry announced in the
State last year, including pulp and paper-
mills, was in the forest-related industry.
There are about 550 sawmills active in the
State, cutting timber for use in the lumber
industry, for home building and general con-
struction. In 1962 alone, the State's sawlog
harvest exceeded a billion board feet.
A new and highly profitable market has
been created for plant residues, formerly
considered simple waste. More than 120 saw-
mills in the State now convert slabs and
edgings, mostly pine, into high-quality chips
for sale to pulpmills. One in every six cords
of pine pulpwood produced in Alabama now
comes from chips.
Now standing at 34 but on the rise, veneer
plants in Alabama draw the greater part of
their raw material from hardwood. Most of
that, in turn, is used for containers of various
kinds. Veneer log production has gone be-
yond 1 million board feet and a sizable por-
tion of that has been shipped outside the
State. Gums and yellow poplar are the lead-
ing species.
As the top-ranking producer of pine poles
and piling in the South, this phase of the
industry offers residual benefits to other en-
terprises. In recent years, pines cut for this
purpose have soared to the 850,000 level,
about half of which are shipped to wood-
preserving plants for treatment. There are
25 of those plants operating today.
One of the most exciting newcomers to the
forest products industry is the bright future
predicted for plywood made from Southern
pine. Much research has been done in this
field, and a strong and payroll-producing
breakthrough is near. Scotch Lumber, a
veteran enterprise on the Alabama scene, has
already stepped out front with a $1 million
facility in southwest Alabama.
Fortunately, expanding forest management
practices have assured continued abundance
of the green gold that blankets the State.
Uganda Celebrates 3 Years' Independence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 8, 1965
Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, to-
morrow will mark 3 years of independ-
ence for the people of Uganda. Al-
though they are still a member of the
Commonwealth of Nations, Uganda was
granted full internal self-government on
March 1, 1962, and became independent
on October 9, 1962.
The economy of Uganda is still heavily
dependent upon exporting agricultural
products, but increased attention is being
given to exploiting sources of outside as-
sistance. A step in this direction was
the award of a loan by the World Bank
for electricity development. A 5-year de-
velopment plan, based largely on the rec-
ommendations made by the Bank, was
started in 1962.
The United States is encouraging the
Government of Uganda in a program to
increase agricultural production and to
make use of the limited mineral resources
of the country. We also have an AID
program providing educational assist-
ance.
Mr. Speaker, on this occasion, I want
to extend my congratulations and best
wishes to the people of Uganda; to their
President, Sir Edward Frederick Mutesa
II; and to their Ambassador to the
United States, Dr. Solomon Bayo Asea.
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OctU er 8, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL REGOR~ ?A 1' 25487
of Gen. Casimir Pulaski Memorial Day TIME TO ADJOURN Mr. ASHfiROOK. Mr. Speaker, I
in cities across the Nation. I would like (Mr. DOLE asked and was given per- wish that all those who have doubts
to give special emphasis at this time to mission to address the House for 1 min- about the justice of the overall U.S. pol-
the very worthwhile celebration being ute, to revise and extend his remarks, icy in Vietnam could read and digest the
planned in Manchester, N.H. and to include extraneous matter.) following excerpt from the book, "De-
- Under the general auspices of the Pol- Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, I regret not liver Us From Evil," by the late Dr.
ish American Citizens Club, the cere- being on the floor earlier today when the Thomas A. Dooley. Most of us probably
monies will take place in Pulaski Park gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. forget that Tom Dooley was in Vietnam
at 12:30 on Sunday, October 10. The HOWARD] mentioned my name. I do ap- at the time of the Geneva Agreement in
Pulaski Day Celebration Committee of 1954 when Vietnam was divided into two
Kansas s [Mr. colleague the ELLSWORTH] respond- gentleman parts, North and South.
Manchester is to be commended for their from preciate
f As a young doctor he served in a stag-
industrious planning of the occasion. ing in my absence. ing area for 'the evacuation of those peo-
General Pulaski was a man deserving We have indeed been here too long
of special tribute, and I am proud that when it becomes so obvious some have ple in the North who preferred exile in
this year, on the recommendation of lost their sense of humor. South Vietnam to life under the Commu-
Congress, the President has issued a My amendment calling attention to Distr. He described his initial reaction
proclamation designating the commemo- the role of the First Lady in the con- to his first case of Communist bestial-
ity thus
ration of this day.
It is proper-
The proclamation states :
that the American people continue to pay
grateful tribute to General Pulaski for his
heroic sacrifice in freedom's cause, and to
the manifold and continuing contributions
of Polish Americans in the defense and prog-
ress of this Nation.
The heritage left us by General Pulaski
-through his heroic contributions to
"American independence, to the concept
of liberty and to Poland has been upheld
and enriched by the succeeding genera-
tions of Polish immigrants. They have
entered with distinction into every pro-
fession and field of endeavor in our com-
munities and Nation. They have shown
an astounding capacity for hard work.
Just as Pulaski held firm to a deep love
of liberty and an undying belief in a uni-
versal concept of freedom, our Americans
of Polish descent have been resolute
against communism, against bigotry,
hate, and injustice everywhere. They
have : not forgotten that Poland and a
vast part of the world remains under
tyranny.
They have stood firm by their Christian
faith and the prayer that the sacrifice of
men like Pulaski and the thousands of
other Polish sons who have given their
lives someday will no longer be necessary
in a world blessed with peace and free-
dom.
Count Pulaski came to America on
July 23, 1777, to volunteer to fight for an
sideration of the beautification bill was Inside that hut I had just seen a master-
offered, without comment because of time piece of systematic torture. Under the sky,
limitations imposed by the majority. It I retched and vomited my insides out. I was
followed, I might, add, a United Press grateful that no one followed me; they un-
International Wire story which COm- derstood and were patient.
menced as follows:
House leaders drove toward passage of
Lady Bird Johnson's highway beauty bill to-
night in the hope of handing it to her as a
present at a "Salute to Congress" party at
the White House.
Everyone in this country-and I
thought everyone in this Congress-was
aware of Mrs. Johnson's active interest
in this legislation; and my suggestion
that she continue to have a managerial
role in the administration of her pet
project was aimed at a program which I
cannot approve, not at the First Lady,
for whom I have profound respect.
If my timing was in someone's opin-
ion, inappropriate, may I submit it was
no more inappropriate than the timing
of the consideration of the legislation.
It seems strange the House would stay
in session until 12:51 this morning then
meet again at noon and adjourn about
3 p.m., unless, of course, the UPI story
was accurate.
In the course of our history, some of
our First Ladies, and wives of other pub-
lic officials, have been completely con-
tent to be the devoted wife. Others have
sought for a greater fulfillment through
their personal involvement in public
affairs.
It is not for me to judge which is
ideal that dominated his life. He was proper and appropriate, but surely it is
not a soldier of fortune.. He was already obvious that the choice is not without
famed throughout Europe for his bril- peril.
liant and heroic exploits against Kath- When one chooses to step down from
erine the Great on behalf of a free and the pedestal of the dutiful preoccupied
undivided Poland. And to the American wife of the President, or other public
cause he gave $50,000 of his own estate official, and to wade into the turbulent
to form the first American cavalry. stream of public controversy, one must
Today, 11 years later, there are those
who still will not learn. Of course, you
will not find them among the Americans
I recently visited in Saigon or at the
front lines in Vietnam. They have no
delusions as to communism and can per-
sonally testify on the basis of their own
experience as did Tom Dooley years ago.
As recent events indicate, the elements
of doubt and opposition are to be found
among a small but vocal band of college
and university students and professors
who have discarded the standards of sci-
entific method used to attain all possible.
objectivity. At Rutgers University a re-
cent teach-in found one professor saying
he would welcome the impending victory
of the Vietcong. This is all to typical
of this leftist attack on our policy in
Vietnam.
Tom Dooley had one purpose in in-
cluding the chapter, "Communist Reedu-
cation," In his book:
The purpose of this book Is not to sicken
anyone or to dwell upon the horror of ori-
ental tortures. But I do want to show what
has come upon these people of the delta.
And justice demands that some of the atro-
cities we learned of in Haiphong be put
on record.
To further fulfill Dr. Thomas A. Doo-
ley's wish, and to demonstrate to the .
American people the heinous nature of
the enemy we all face, I include the
above-mentioned chapter in the RECORD
at this point:
CHAPTER XV-COMMUNIST REEDUCATION
The children of Vietnam become old very
young. They are mature and grave while
still in early adolescence, and they are often
very brave.
Brandywine in defense of George Wash- The cries of anguish from the fresh- A number of them worked for us in the
ington's forces was acknowledged by his men Member from New Jersey were not camps, staying on for months. They did
promtion to brigadier general, and his born of naivete about these facts of life, adult work, accepted adult responsibilities;
when they could bum cigarettes, they even
organization, training regulations, and so I can only conclude my pointed humor smoked like adults. Yet they were only 8
tactical skill in commanding the famed must have been painfully telling on the or 10 or 12 years old.
Pulaski Legion earned him the title of ge le n. Each of my corpsmen had six or seven
"The Father of the American Cavalry." such young assistants. The badge of honor
was a white sailor hat. A retinue of them
His death was a loss to two tontine . OMMUNIST PERFIDY IN VIETNAM
The ideals which he helped to gain a followed me around day and night, some-
foothold in the New World have been a IS OLD STORY FIRST CITED BY times to my embarrassment. They might
DR. TOM DOOLEY IN 1954 come to me and lead me to a feeble old
blessing to mankind. As he wrote in woman who could not leave her tent, or take
later life: The SPEAKER. Under previous or- me to see a man who was crippled. They
I could not submit to stoop before the der of the House the gentleman from would run errands for me, fetch things I
sovereigns of Europe, so I came to hazard all Ohio [Mr. AsHRRooKl is recognized for wanted, boil water for the sick-call tent.
for the freedom of America. 15 minutes. Sometimes they did my laundry, but on such
leo. 187--5
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U~5512200.(~1VKL CORD - HOUSE October 8,965
occasions they were apt to wash the clothes
in a rice paddy, and the wrong paddy at that,
so I discouraged this. And sometimes they
would ride my truck just for the fun of it,
as children should.
During the months when I was living in
Haiphong hotels, they would sleep outside
my door. They were often the go-betweens
when newly arrived escapees needed help im-
mediately.
Whenever Mr. Ham or any other Viet-
namese official wanted to see me, he would
spot one of these kids with the sailor hats,
or one of the shoeshine boys, and tell him
to "find the Bac Sy My."
When one of my assistants would leave
for the south we would hold a little cere-
mony. Various ships' officers had given me
their ensigns' bars. So, on the official day,
the Quan Hi, or lieutenant, would commis-
sion his assistant a Quan Mot or ensign in
the U.S. Navy. A bar was pinned on him and
his sense of self-importance increased so you
could notice it. I hope the Personnel De-
partment of the Navy will be understanding
when it hears about my unusual recruiting
service.
The Viet Minh directed much of their
propaganda at the children and adolescents
of the nation, and they went to unbelievable
lengths to drive the propaganda home. The
first time I ever saw the results of a Com-
mumist "reeducation" class was during the
month of December. What had been done to
those children one December afternoon was
the most heinous thing I had ever heard of.
Having set up their controls In the village
of Haiduong, Communists visited the village
schoolhouse and took seven children out of
class and into the courtyard. All were
ordered to sit on the ground, and their hands
and arms were tied behind their backs. Then
they brought out one of the young teachers,
with hands also tied. Now the new class
began.
In a voice loud enough for the other chil-
dren still in the classroom to hear, the Viet
Minh accused these children of treason. A
patriot had informed the police that this
teacher was holding classes secretly, at night,
and that the subject of these classes was
religion. They had even been reading the
catechism.
The Viet Minh accused the seven of con-
spiring because they had listened to the
teachings of this instructor. As a punish-
ment they were to be deprived of their hear-
ing. Never again would they be able to listen
to the teachings of evil men.
Now two Viet Minh guards went to each
child and one of them firmly grasped the
head between his hands. The other then
rammed a wooden chopped chopstick into
each ear. He jammed it in with all his force.
The stick split the ear canal wide and tore
the ear drum. The shrieking of the children
was heard all over the village.
Both ears were stabbed in this fashion.
The children screamed and wrestled and suf-
fered horribly. Since their hands were tied
behind them, they could not pull the wood
out of their ears. They shook their heads
and squirmed about, trying to make the
sticks fall out. Finally they were able to
dislodge them by scraping their heads
aga[nst the ground.
As for the teacher, he must be prevented
from teaching again. Braving been forced to
witness the atrocity performed on his pupils,
he endured a more horrible one himself. One
soldier held his head while another grasped
the victim's tongue with a crude pair of pliers
and pulled it far out. A third guard cut off
the tip of the teacher's tongue with his bay-
onet. Blood spurted into the man's mouth
and gushed from his nostrils onto the ground.
He could not scream; blood ran into his
throat. When the soldiers let him loose he
fell to the ground vomiting blood; the scent.
of blood was all over the courtyard.
Yet neither the teacher nor any of the
pupils died.
When news of this atrocity came across
the Bamboo - Curtain, arrangements were
made for escape, and soon teacher and pupils
were in tent 130 at Camp de Is Pagode.
We treated the victims as well as we could,
though this was not very well. I was able
to pull the superior and inferior surfaces of
the tongue together and close over the raw
portions. The victim had lost a great deal
of blood and, as we had no transfusion setup,
all I could do was to give him fluids by mouth.
He could not eat anything solid, not even rice.
For the children, prevention of infection was
the important thing. Penicillin took care
of this, but nothing could give them back
their hearing.
The purpose of this book is not to sicken
anyone or to dwell upon the horror of Orien-
tal tortures, which we recall from World War
II and from Korea. But I do want to show
what. has come upon these people of the
Delta. And justice demands that some of
the atrocities we learned of in Haiphong be
put on record.
One midnight, shortly before Christmas,
I was awakened by knocking on my hotel
door. Two young boys asked If Bac Sy My
would please go with them right away. I
thought they were from- the camp, and that
there was something there that needed my
attention. So I quickly dressed and went
out to the truck. As we were heading out
the road, the children motioned for me to
turn off onto a path running between two
rice paddies. I didn't understand, but they
were so earnest that I followed their direc-
tions. We turned and drove several hundred
yards to a straw paillote, or round hut-like
building.
I bent, entered the low door, and then
noticed first how dark it was and second
how unexpectedly large it was Inside. There
was a kerosene lamp burning in one part of
the hut and near it were several kneeling
figures--an old man, an old woman, several
boys-chanting prayers In a quiet monotone.
They greeted me with "Chao ong, Bac By
My," clasping their hands before them and
bowing their heads, in the Oriental fashion.
Then I saw that there was a man lying on a
straw mattress which in turn was atop eight
or nine long pieces of bamboo, making a
crude stretcher. His face was twisted In
agony and his lips moved silently as though
lie were praying, as indeed he was.
When I pulled back the dirty blanket that
was over him, I found that his body was a
mass of blackened flesh from the shoulders
to the knees. The belly was hard and dis-
tended and the scrotum swollen to the size
of a football. The thighs were monstrously
distorted. It was one of the most grisly
sights I had ever seen. The idea of merely
touching this man was repugnant.
I felt queasy, knew I was going to be sick
and rushed outside. Inside that hut I had
just seen a masterpiece of systematic torture.
Under the sky, I retched and vomited my
insides out. I was grateful that no one fol-
lowed me; they understood and were patient.
I am not sure how long it took for me to
get hold of myself, but I finally regained
enough nerve and stability to go back and
care for this human nightmare. But what
could I do? For his pain I could give him
morphine. For the belly I could do little, as
the skin was not broken in more than four
or five spots. All the bleeding was subcu-
taneous, in bruises which were turning a
purple-yellow. I put a large needle into
the scrotum in an attempt to drain out some
of the fluid. Later I would Insert a catheter
into the bladder so that the patient could
urinate. What else could I do?
I asked the old woman what on God's earth
had happened to this poor human being.
She told me.
He was her brother, a priest, from the
parish of Vinh Bao, just on the other side of
the Bamboo Curtain. Vinh Bao was not more
than 10 kilometers away from Haiphong.
The area had. been in Viet Mlnh hands for
only about 7 months and the Vista had not
yet completely changed the pattern of village
life. The priest was permitted to continue
celebrating mass, but only between 6 and 7
o'clock in the morning. This was the time
when most of the peasants were just ready
to start the morning's work and, under Com-
munist rule, this was the hour when people
had to gather in the village square for a
daily lecture on the glories of the "new life."
This meant that they were unable to at-
tend the parish priest's mass either daily or
on Sunday. So, for the few who dared to risk
his services, the valiant 57-year-old priest
held them in the evening. The Communists
decided that he needed reeducation.
Late the night before, Communist soldiers
had called at the priest's chapel, accused him
of holding secret meetings and ordered him
to stop. Defiantly he replied that nothing
could stop him from preaching the word of
God. And so this is what they did: they
hung him by his feet from one of the crude
wooden beams under the ceiling. His head
was so close to the ground that he later said.
"Frequently I would place my hands on the
ground to try to take the pressure off my
feet."
With short, stout bamboo rods they pro-
ceeded to beat the "evil" out of him. They
went on for hours; he did not know just how
long. They concentrated on the most sensi-
tive parts of the anatomy. "The pain.was
great," the priest said. It must have been
very great indeed.
He was left hanging in the church, and
early the next morning his altar boys found
him there and managed to cut him down.
They were only 8 to 10 years old, and they ran
to their parents, attending compulsory
classes in the square, and sobbed out the
news.
The parents told them what to do and
then said goodby to them, knowing that it
might be goodby forever. The children
lashed together an arrangement of bamboo
poles that could be carried as a litter and
floated as a raft. They put the priest on this
and carried him. down the back lanes of the
village. They hid him near the bank of the
river, which formed one of the boundaries of
the free zone. After dark, they lowered the
raft gently to the water and, with three on
each side, paddled to the middle of the river,
where they were swept into the downriver
current. The coolness of the water probably
did more for the priest than most of my
medicines. They managed to get him across
the river to the free zone without being seen.
Arriving late at night, they carried the man
to the hut of his sister. Then they came to
find me.
I made daily visits to him thereafter and
gave him antibiotics and more morphine.
Miraculously, he survived; his own strong
constitution and., no doubt, his faith brought
about a cure.
Sooner than I would have considered likely
he was sufficiently recovered to be taken to
Camp de Is Pagode. Although he was still
crippled, he was soon saying daily mass and
teaching the children their catechism; in
fact, for a time lie served as the camp's more
or less regular chaplain.
Perhaps I should have let him do it when
he insisted that he must return to the vil-
lage. Perhaps the world needs martyrs, al-
though Tonkin, I thought, had an oversup-
ply already. Next time the Communists
would have killed him for sure.
I know that it is not just to judge a whole
system from the conduct of a few. However,
this was communism to me. This was the
ghoulish thing which had conquered most of
the Orient and with it nearly half of all
mankind. From December until the last day,
there were two or three atrocities a week that
came within my orbit. My night calls took
me to one horror after another. - .
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Early in my Haiphong stay I was puzzled
not only by the growing number but by the
character of Communist atrocities. So many
seemed to have religious significance. More
and more, I was learning that these punish-
ments were linked to man's belief in God.
Priests were by far the most common ob-
jects,of Communist terror. It somed that
the priests never learned their "Hoc-Tap
Dan-Chu," their "Democratic Studies and
Exercises," as well as they were expected to.
This meant that they had to be reeducated
more severely than others: It is difficult to
take men whose life had been dedicated to
belief in God and straighten them out so
that they no longer believe in God. In fact,
most of them proved unconquerable.
Catholics have many pious ejaculations
which they utter frequently-"Jesus, Mary,
and Joseph," for example, and "Lord have
mercy on us." The Communists ordered the
priests to substitute new slogans for them,
for example, "Tang gai san u xuat" (in-
creased production), and "Chien tranh nhan"
(the people's war). Perhaps the expression
most often heard in the conquered north
was "Com Thu" (hatred).
The Communists have perfected the tech-
niques of torture,- inflicting in one moment
pain on the body and in the next pain on the
mind. When Tonkin spring came and the
monsoon ended, I thought perhaps nature
might bring a change in the tenor of things.
I was wrong. On the first Sunday of March,
I was asked by Father Lopez of the Philip-
pine Catholic Mission to come visit a "sick
man," a priest who had just escaped from
the Vietminh.
We walked across the huge sprawling
courtyard to the living quarters. In a back
room there was an old man lying on straw
on the floor. His head was matted with pus
and there were eight large pus-filled swell-
ings around his temples and forehead.
Even before I asked what had happened,
I knew the answer. This particular priest
had also been punished for teaching "trea-
son." His sentence was a Communist version
of the crown of thorns, once forced on the
Savior of whom he preached.
Eight nails had been driven into his head,
three across the forehead, two in the back
of the skull and three across the dome. The
nails were large enough to embed themselves
in the skull bone. When the unbelievable
not was completed, the priest was left alone.
He walked from his church to a neighboring
hut, where a family jerked the nails from
his head. Then he was brought to Haiphong
for medical, help. By the time of his ar-
rival, 2 days later, secondary infection had
set in.
I washed the scalp, dislodged the clots, and
opened the pockets to let the pus escape. I
gave the priest massive doses of penicillin
and tetanus oxide and went back to the mis-
sion every day. The old man pulled through.
One day when I went to treat him, he had
disappeared. Father Lopez told me that he
had gone back to that world of silence behind
the Bamboo Curtain, This meant that he
had gone back to his torturers. I wonder
what they have done to him by now.
Priests were not the only victims of bru-
tality. One day an old woman came to sick
call in the camp. She was weaxing a cloth
bound tightly around her shoulders in a
figure of 8. We removed the cloth and found
that both the collar bones had been frac-
tured. En route to the camp, she told us,
she had been stopped by a Viet Minh guard
who, for the crime of attempting to leave
her land, had struck her across the shoulders
with the butt of his rifle, ordering her to
go back home. This fractured the bones,
making her shoulders slump forward and
causing excruciating pain. Nevertheless, she
managed to escape. In time, with medical
caxe and a regimen of vitamins, she healed.
Always there was the painful thought:
"My God.. For every one of these who come
here, there must be hundreds or even thous-
ands who could not escape."
One day a young man came to sick call
with a marked discoloration of the thumbs.
They were black from the first joint to the
tips. He was suffering from gangrene, of
the dry type, called mummification. There
was no great pain, no blood, just raw ne-
crosis of tissue.
He said he had been hung by his thumbs
to reeducate him. This had happened about
a week earlier, and since then his thumbs
had been getting a little darker every day.
Now they were beginning to smell.
During the course of the examination,
while I was manipulating the left thumb,
a piece of it actually broke off. There was
no bleeding, no pain; there was just a chunk
of his thumb that stayed in my hand. This
dried piece of flesh, like that of a mummy,
had crumbled away with the slightest pres-
sure. The circulation had been cut off for
so long-he said he had been left hanging
for days-that permanent damage had been
done, and all the cells and tissue had died
distal to the point where his thumbs had
been tied with cord.
"But remember, my friend," one of the
elders said to me, "these people might never
have left the north if the Communists had
not done these cruel deeds against those who
preached and practiced their religion."
I feel sure he was right. There were many
Buddhists among the refugees, but when I
thought of the attendance at daily Mass I
had no doubt that 75 or 80 percent of them
were Catholics. Of the 2 million Catholics
in Vietnam, about 1,750,000 lived in the
north. Then came the Communists and in-
evitable disillusionment with the promised
reforms. Perhaps they could have borne up
under the oppressive taxes, the crop quotas,
the forced labor, and the loss of freedom.
But when the right to worship God was
taken from them-often by the most brutal
means-they knew it was time to go.
"What fpols they are, these Vietminh," the
elder said. "They coax the people to stay,
tell them lies, and even try to stop them at
the perimeter. Then they do the very things
that will drive the people into exile. Per-
haps it is the will of God." r
To say that the Communists tried to stop
the refugees at the perimeter was to put it
mildly. Though under the Geneva agree-
ment anyone had a right to leave the north
who wanted to, the Communists began to
violate the agreement on this point from the
day it was signed.
As I have indicated earlier, they employed
trickery, threats, violence, and even mur-
der to stop the southward rush of their sub-
jects. "It is my duty," said Premier Diem
in Saigon on January 22, 1955, "to denounce
before the free world and before Christen-
dom the inhuman acts of repression and
coercion taken by the Vietminh against
the populations wanting to leave the Com-
munist zone, acts which are flagrant viola-
tions of the Geneva agreement."
The Premier later estimated that a quarter
of a million more would have left if there
had been no harassments. My own belief is
that this figure is not half large enough.
The'unbroken floT of the luckier, and of the
wounded and mangled who made it to the
American camps, was a clue to how many
failed to make it. Besides, it is reasonable
to assume that thousands who thirsted for
freedom lacked the courage or the vitality to
take the risks.
Many and various were the Communist de-
vices to keep the people in the north. They
made it illegal for more than one member
of a family to travel on a bus or train in the
affected area at the same time; or for more
than two persons to go on foot together on
the roads pointing-to the evaculation zone.
This made it difficult for would-be refugees,
whose families were large and held by power-
ful bonds of unity, to break away.
25489
Nevertheless, desperate parents often sent
their children ahead, two today, two tomor-
row, with instructions to get to the American
camp. By the dozens and the hundreds I
saw youngsters, alone, exhausted, and sor-
rowful, arrive and settle down on the fringes
of my camp to wait for their elders. Many a
time they waited in vain.
In many parts of the Tonkin the Com-
munists ruled that special passports would
be required-not to leave the country; that
would have flouted Geneva too crudely-but
to cross from one canton into another. Ob-
taining the passports involved steep fees
and fantastic red tape. But only with such
documents were the refugees permitted to
travel as family groups.
Having at long last received its passport,
a family might set out on foot on the long
road to Haiphong. Fifteen or 16 days later,
their food almost gone, sore and perhaps
sick, they would reach a canton line.
They would run into that old dodge of the
expired passport.
The Communist guard would examine
their hard-won document and laugh, "Com-
rades, this passport is good for only 14 days.
Didn't you know that? Oh, you can't read?
Well, anyhow, go back and get a new one."
As a leftover of the war, many roads were
sown with mines and booby traps. The vic-
torious Communists dug them up. But often
they did not detonate them. Instead they
tossed them with designed casualness into
race paddies, swamps, and bushes close to
the perimeter of our evacuation area. If
citizens trying to crawl to freedom at night
were blown to bits, it only served them right.
Yet here are the terms of the agreement:
"Any civilians residing in a district con-
trolled by one party who wish to go and
live in the zone assigned to the other party
shall be permitted 'and helped to do so' by
the authorities in that district." Those
quoted words, of course, are mine.
COLUMBUS DAY SHOULD BE A
NATIONAL LEGAL HOLIDAY
(Mr. OTTINGER (at the request of
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, next
Tuesday, October 12, is Columbus Day.
All over the United States, people will
be paying tribute to that brave figure,
Christopher Columbus, and the valiant
men who sailed with him to America.
On May 3, I introduced H.R. 7804,
which would establish Columbus Day as
a national legal holiday. New York
State and the majority of other States
already recognize October 12 as a legal
holiday.
On Monday of this week, the Board of
Supervisors of Westchester County, N.Y.,
adopted Resolution 154-1965, endorsing
my bill and an identical bill Introduced
in the other body by Senator THOMAS
DODD, of Connecticut, and memorializing
the Congress to enact such legislation.
I present the teat of the resolution
herewith for inclusion in the RECORD:
RzsoLuxrow 154-1965
To the Board of Supervisors of Westchester
County, N.Y.:
Your committee on legislation has con-
sidered Resolution 143-1965, adopted by
your Board on August 16, 1965, requesting
support of bills now pending in Congress
which would designate Columbus Day, Oc-
tober 12, as a national legal holiday.
There have been, over the years, many bills
presented in both the Senate of the United
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 8, !P65
States and the House of Representatives, all
in support of designating Columbus Day as
a national holiday, and like our other na-
tional holidays setting the day aside in rec-
ognition of a memorable event or personage.
Your committee feels that all Americans
should indicate their interest and desire that
this day, October 12, be added to those other
important commemorative days, and offers
the following resolution:
"Whereas the State of New York and the
majority of other States recognize October 12,
known as Columbus Day, as a legal holiday;
and
"Whereas many businessess and industries
also recognize and observe Columbus Day
as a holiday; and
"Whereas it is fitting that honor and
tribute should be paid to the great explorer,
Christopher Columbus, who is renowned as
the discoverer of America: Now, therefore,
be it
"Resolved, That the Congress of the United
States be and hereby is respectfully me-
morialized to enact legislation, as set forth
in S. 461 (DODD) and H.R. 7804 (OTriNGER),
and/or any other bills previously considered
and any amendments thereto whose main
purpose and objective Is to designate the
12th day of October in each year as a legal
public holiday; and be it further
"Resolved, That copies of this resolution be
transmitted to the President of the Senate
of the United States, to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, to the Members
of the Senate from the State of New York,
and the Members of the Rouse of Representa-
tives from the 25th and 26th Congressional
Districts of the State of New York."
Dated, October 4, 1965.
Committee on Legislation, Board of
Supervisors, Westchester County, N.Y.
SPEECH BY REPRESENTATIVE
FOGARTY AT INTERNATIONAL
ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL RE-
SEARCH BANQUET, TORONTO,
CANADA
(Mr. F'OGARTY (at the request of Mr.
HANSEN of Iowa) was granted permission
to (xtend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter..)
Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks I would like
to Include a speech which I delivered at
International Association for Dental Re-
search Banquet, Toronto, Canada, on
Saturday, July 24, 1965:
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP IN DENTAL
RESEARCH
(Remarks of U.S. Representative JOHN E.
FoGARTT, Second Congressional District of
Rhode Island at International Association
for Dental Research Banquet at the Royal
York Hotel, Toronto, Canada, July 24,
1965)
Mr. President, distinguished guests, ladies
and gentlemen, you honor me greatly by in-
viting me to become a member of a dental
organization of international scope. I ap-
preciate and gratefully accept honorary
membership in the International Association
for Dental Research.
During my years in the Congress I have
been a strong advocate of increased support
for biomedical research and, indeed, I have
been privileged to assist directly in backing
Federal programs which have made such
growth possible. I observe with personal
satisfaction the extent to which scientific in-
vestigators make use of today's resources for
research. What I have been leads me to be-
lieve that the years ahead will be very ex-
citing. I anticipate new and diversified
investigations into the basic causes of disease
and the development of Imaginative methods
for advancing the health of the nations of
the world.
Many of you may know that the United
Nations has declared 1965 International Co-
operation Year. Tonight, therefore, I have
chosen "International Partnership in Re-
search" as my theme. For its framework, I
have selected the words of the late President
John F. Xennedy. At the anniversary con-
vocation of the Rational Academy of Sciences
only a month before his assassination, Presi-
dent Kennedy said, "Science to the most pow-
erful means we have for unification of
knowledge, and a main obligation of its fu-
ture must be to deal with*problems which
cut across boundaries, whether boundaries
between the Sciences, boundaries between
nations, or boundaries between man's scien-
tiflo and his humane concerns."
In the world of health, we can be proud
of the cooperation among health scientists.
International rivalries seem to be inevitable
in commerce and industry; probably inevita-
ble in space technology; unfortunately rife
in the fields of social ideology. In health
and medical affairs, however, cooperation on
an international scale is flourishing. Your
gathering here In Toronto attests to the fact
that contemporary scientists are ea.ger to
learn and ready to share knowledge with
their colleagues all over the world.
The great achievements of scientists often
are hastened and enhanced by cooperation.
Partnership in research predisposes potential
breakthroughs-I know scientists do not like
that word, but bear with me. With the in-
creasing complexity of research, and with the
tools and techniques of scientific Investiga-
tion becoming more diverse and expensive,
the interdisciplinary approach to problem
solving Is more and more likely to produce
the breakthroughs of the future. Modem
health accomplishments are clear and tangi-
ble evidence of the value of scientific team
efforts within institutions and within coun-
tries. It would seem to me, therefore, that
international scientific team efforts are the
next logical forward step in the conquest of
global diseases.
The great discoveries in health research, no
matter by whom developed, no matter in
what nation, benefit all mankind. While
discoveries may have their origin in one
country, may be tested in another, and de-
veloped in a third, the application of such
new knowledge eventually must be in the
hands of men of healing all over the world.
The list of diseases that have been or are
being conquered throughout the world is
long---and needs no identification for this
audience. For the most part, the interna-
tional victories over disease-as you are well
aware-have been In the field of medicine
and largely over the infectious diseases.
Though there is increasing evidence that
some dental diseases are indeed Infectious,
this group does not need to be told that-den-
tal research on an international basis Is
lagging seriously behind biomedical research
in general. This gap between dental research
efforts and the research activity in the many
fields of medicine gives me real concern.
Admittedly, dental research activities have
expanded in recent years, and the handful
of research workers of a generation ago has
increased many times. Dental research sci-
entists are more numerous, better qualified,
and more accomplished than ever before. In
the United States alone, there are over 100
institutions where more than 1,500 dental
investigators are giving long overdue atten-
tion to the basic problems of dental health.
Dental investigators now are working on
problems concerning the structure and func-
tion of the whole body as well as conditions
unique to the oral cavity and they are also
providing new information about disease
processes affecting life itself. In spite of
these gains, however, dental research has not
yet :reached its full potential.
Perhaps one reason why medical research
has outdistanced dental research is because
dental diseases, which are universal in na-
ture, are rarely fatal. Yet the problems
caused by dental disease are of great impor-
tance. Almost everyone, everywhere, is af-
fected by dental illness, and to citizens of
developing countries, these problems can be
overwhelming. Because few diseases cause
so much sheer human misery for so many
people throughout the world, I see a real
urgency to attac}i dentaldiseases on an in-
ternational basis.
The scope of investigation into dental
problems must be broadened considerably if
n_ore rapid advances are to be achieved and
the benefits therefrom are to be realized.
Yet today in many parts of the world, dental
research is minimal, sometimes virtually
nonexistent. Even in those countries where
sophisticated dental research is being con-
ducted, few institutes are devoted wholly to
research on dental problems. Moreover, rel-
evant research findings in other fields such
as pathology, pharmacology, microbiology,
and social science often are not brought to
bear on dental problems. Only when coordi-
nation is achieved among various scientific
disciplines and between the scientists of the
various countries can the most effective use
be made of available knowledge.
Sir Arnold Toynbee said "The 20th Century
may best be remembered as the first age in
history in which people have found it prac-
tical to make the benefits of civilization
available for the whole human race." If
good dental health is to be numbered among
these benefits, however, we are still a very
great distance from our goal. To attain that
objective, we will have to upgrade the qual-
ity and quantity of dental research through-
out the world.
I would like to urge the International
Association for Dental Research to take the
initiative in providing research leadership to
those developing nations which have not been
as favored as countries in North America. I
believe you could help developing nations
avoid some mistakes, and assist them in tele-
scoping their efforts to reach a comparable
level of research development in a shorter
period of time. The late President Kennedy
said it well: "The accumulation of knowl-
edge is of little avail if it Is not brought
within reach of, those who can use it.
Faster and more complete communication
from scientist to scientist is needed, so that
their research efforts reinforce and comple-
ment each other." A globe-encircling effort
of this kind could produce vast benefits in
dental health for people everywhere.
All of us recognize the importance of
strong lines of communication in those en-
deavors which require people to work to-
gether for the common good. The more
complex and widespread the problem-and
certainly the expansion of international den-
tal research programs Is such a problem-
the more urgently good communications are
needed.
I suggest that the International Associa-
tion for Dental Research consider the devel-
opment of an international communications
network to inform dental investigators about
research developments in the various special-
ty areas as well as in related areas of interest.
The complexity of the task of International
communications is self-evident, but in den-
tal research I can think of no one group
more suited to lead the way than your-
selves. You will have to explore the use of
every device, and very probably invent new
ones, in order to spread information through-
out the world community of over 100 na-
tions.
One effective communications technique
which you are eminently well qualified to
sponsor would be- a central clearinghouse for
basic and applied research findings in den-
tistry and its related fields. By clearly
describing what has already been done and
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