Congressional Record Appendix

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140001-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 8, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

November ~,`pp d For M M,J1WAJ: ? pB61BAQ 00140001-3
instance after Instance, sectionalism has de-
terred progress.
Again, as with the problem of schools,
Jackson County is not alone with this prob-
lem. This matter of sectionalism and undue
rivalry is common to most sections of the
State, and has, been one of the greatest han-
dicaps of progss.
But here the problem is being exposed for
what it Is, and leaders in the county now
are working vigorously to bring unity and
progress. Last Spring the people of Ravens-
wood and Ripley got together on the pro-
posed school improvement program and gen-
uinely worked together. This month, the
chambers of commerce of the two towns are
cosponsoring an appreciation dinner for
Kaiser Aluminum-simply to say they're
happy to have such a fine industry and
would like to work together as a team for a
brighter tomorrow.
Jackson County has been the most looked
at, written about, surveyed, and studied place
in the State this past decade. While our
achievements these past 10 years have fallen
far short of the fabulous publicity we've re-
ceived, our growth has Indeed exceeded most
every area of the Mountain State.
Jackson County today is a nice place to
live and work. There is opportunity. There
is a future-a bright one.
We still have but one movie house and
only a few more taverns in Revenswood.
There still Isn't the night life you picture
when you think of Pittsburgh, Washington,
or Charleston. A majority of the stately
trees remain. Modern housing dots the
landscape. There are more and more jobs
for the young folks, but not enough even yet.
Planning has been good and most Gov-
ernment services and utilities are adequate
and can be expanded as the need increases.
Our crime rate is low. We have little water
pollution and even less air pollution.
Resolution Supporting U.S. Position in
Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN BELL WILLIAMS
OF MISSISSIPPI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22,1965
Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, in the
wave of irrational behavior hitting
many college campuses, it is refreshing
to note an item of calm, patriotic
reasoning.
The University of Mississippi campus
senate on October 19 unanimously
adopted a resolution supporting the
Government's effort to halt the spread
of communism in southeast Asia.
.I congratulate senate members on
their expressed judgment and am
pleased to make this resolution available
to my colleagues.
It follows:
RESOLUTION SUPPORTINO U.S. POSITION ne
VIETNAM
Whereas our Nation is currently engaged
in a war in Vietnam against Communist ag-
gression that threatens the freedom of the
people of southeast Asia and the security of
the free world; and
Whereas we, the University of Mississippi
senate, are shocked by the behavior of cer-
tain groups of students in this country who
are currently engaged in anti-Vietnam war
demonstrations and who are urging that eli-
gible peragns evade the draft in every way
possible; and
Whereas we are cognizant of the responsi-
bilities and commitments of our Nation to
resist Communist aggression throughout the
world, and are aware of the responsibilities
of all patriotic Americans to support our
Government in this effort; and
Whereas we are fully aware of our per-
sonal responsibilities, our draft status, and
the realization that many of us will be called
upon to give of our time and perhaps even
our lives in the service of our country in
Vietnam: Therefore, be it
Resolved by the University of Mississippi
campus senate:
1. We condemn the actions of those orga-
nizations and persons currently urging that
qualified persons evade the draft and urge
the President, the Justice Department, and
the Congress to deal with them accordingly.
2. We support the President of the United
States and the policy of our Government in
resisting Communist aggression in southeast
Asia.
3. We urge the President of the United
States to continue the policy of the United
States In Vietnam and to take whatever
steps that are necessary to achieve total vic-
tory over the Communist aggressors and to
secure freedom for all of the people of Viet-
nam and southeast Asia.
4. That a copy of this resolution be sent
to the President of the United States, the
Mississippi congressional delegation, and to
the press.
Passed by acclamation: October 19, 1965.
MARY ANN HAmcoc :,
Senate Clerk.
Bo ROBERTS,
Senate President.
Report on 1st Session, 89th Congress
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22, 1965
Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, if
quantity and quality were one and the
same thing, there would be little difficul-
ty in rating the accomplishments of the
1st session of the 89th Congress.
Certainly, the 454 public and private
bills enacted into law, the 16,882 meas-
ures introduced, the 460 rollcall votes and
the 27,816 pages of House and Senate
proceedings in the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD are impressive statistics by them-
selves.
But we well realize that legislative ac-
complishments are not properly meas-
ured by the page or the pound, and that
the number of words in an act of Con-
gress is not necessarily an accurate
measure of its importance or its impact
on our lives.
What we need are more significant
yardsticks to give us a better picture of
what happened during the 177 days that
Congress was in session.
One of these meaningful measure-
ments, to be sure, is the $119.3 billion to
be spent by the Federal Government
during the fiscal year ending next July-
the largest amount ever appropriated by
any government anywhere for any pur-
pose in either peace or war.
We realize the meaning of this total,
because as taxpayers we realize we are
going to have to pay this bill one way
or another sooner or later.
A6321
But there Is another form of payment
we will have to make for some of these
programs so recently passed into law,
and the date due for collection is unfor-
tunately not very far away.
Payment will be made in freedom as
well as in dollars. To some extent, each
of us will be forced to give up a part of
our right to make decisions for ourselves
as individuals and for our community as
members of it. We will turn that free-
dom, that authority over to the Federal
Government.
Whether the benefits from these new
programs are worth the price we must
pay is something which each of us must
decide and determine for ourselves.
But there is little doubt that in some
cases, the price is going to be high and
that some Federal agencies have been
given massive doses of power and au-
thority in areas they have never had
such power before.
Already, there are serious doubts about
the wisdom of some of the programs en-
acted into law. For instance, Congress
refused to appropriated funds for a rent
subsidy program which it had authorized
only a few weeks earlier.
The reason for the cutoff of funds was
that Federal regulations to administer
the new program appeared to go far be-
yond anything Congress had intended
and would have amounted to virtual dic-
tation by the Federal Government on
some aspects of housing in our local
communities.
Families with assets to up to $25,000
would be eligible for Federal subsidies of
up to 70 percent of their rent under these
new guidelines. This certainly would be
outside the category of assistance to
needy families envisioned by the propo-
nents of this plan.
REGRETS
Also, it is worth noting that the admin-
istration has not offered to amend its
regulations to make them more palata-
ble. Instead, It has simply regretted
that the regulations were made public
before funds for the program were ap-
propriated and when it would have been
too late for Congress to do anything
about them.
The latest warning has come from the
chairman of the House Education Sub-
committee who has urged Congress to
"stop, look, and listen" after the flood
of education programs urged by the ad-
ministration were enacted into law by
Congress, In some cases with little com-
mittee consideration and very limited
congressional debate.
Many fear that control of the funds
and the administration of these pro-
grams gives the Office of Education of
the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare entirely too much power
over local school districts.
They fear that the Office of Educa-
tion will become the virtual dictator of
what will be taught, how it will be
taught, and who will teach in our
schools.
WITHHOLD FUNDS
Already, the Office of Education has
been charged with attempting to with-
hold $30 million in Federal school funds
from the Chicago school district, and
has tried to exert similar pressures on
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school districts in Boston and San Fran-
cisco even though such efforts, were di-
rectly contrary to the intent of the law.
They further point out that the Office
of Education has grown 800 percent in
personnel in the past 20 years, while
funds administered by the agency have
increased 7,000 percent in the same
period of time.
Certainly not all programs passed by
Congress this past year have been auto-
matic raids on our freedom or our wal-
lets. Some few of them, such as the
voting rights bill and the removal of
Federal excise taxes, have had just
the opposite effect. They have en-
hanced and extended both political and
economic freedom for many Americans
who previously had been deprived of
their fair share in years past.
PRICE OF PROGRAMS
It will be up to each of us to determine
whether the price paid in freedom and in
dollars for these programs was worth it
in benefits received.
To comprehend all that has gone on
in Congress in the past few months is a
difficult task. A great deal will depend
upon how programs are administered,
the competence of those responsible for
them and whether or not they are re-
sponsible public servants.
But it is important that the basics of
what was done in Congress are under-
stood by our citizens, because they will
pay the bills for these far-reaching pro-
grams.
MAJOR PROGRAMS
Therefore, I would like to outline the
major provisions of the programs con-
sidered by Congress since last January
and give those I represent my vote on
these issues and my reason for voting as I
did.
After they have read this report, I
would invite them to write me at Room
2435, House Office Building, Washing-
ten, D.C., if they have further questions
or views on these programs or my posi-
tion on these issues. I assure them that
their letters will receive prompt con-
sideration and attention.
Following are the issues, how I voted
on them, and why:
VOTING RIGHTS
Voted "yes." Implements 15th amend-
ment to the Constitution which provides
that no one shall be deprived of the
right to vote in either national or local
elections because of race or religion.
Provides for Federal examiners where
there are indications that right to vote
has been denied by local units of govern-
ment or where less than 50 percent of
voting age population voted in last
presidential election.
SOCIAL SECURITY
Voted "yes." For those over age 65,
provides hospital care program includ-
ing inpatient hospital service, post-
hospital and outpatient diagnostic serv-
ices. For extra $3 a month, provides
doctor and surgeon services, home
health services, ambulance, X-ray.
Benefits start July 1, 1966.
Also provides 7-percent average in-
crease in social security benefits, plus
increased benefits for child care, blind,
disabled, needy children. Extends bene-
fits to sons or: daughters of recipients to
age 22 if full-time students, lowers bene-
fit age to 60 for widows or workers at
reduced monthly amount. Provides so-
cial security coverage for physicians and
interns.
ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
Voted "no" on final passage after sup-
porting more equitable distribution
formula. Provides more than $1 billion
annually in Federal grants to elementary
and secondary schools. Opposed be-
cause distribution formula gives more
money to richest counties rather than
to poor who need it, because State edu-
cational agencies would be bypassed In
many instances and Office of Education
would have arbitrary control over dis-
tribution of funds. Because of com-
plaints, House Education Subcommittee
has already scheduled hearings next
year on the question of possible Federal
control of local school districts under
this program.
EXCISE TAX REDUCTIONS
Voted "yes." Provides for ultimate
repeal of all Federal excise taxes except
for special purposes such as highway
trust fund, alcoholic beverages and 1 per-
cent excise tax on autos. Provides $4
billion in cuts on such items as autos,
telephones, furs, jewelry, appliances,
general admissions. Most items reduced
on sliding scale before outright repeal
of tax.
HIGHER EDUCATION
Voted "yes." Provides community
service program, college library and li-
brary training assistance, assistance to
developing institutions, student scholar-
ships and loans, work-study program
extensions. Proposal to create a Na-
tional Teachers Corps was killed in con-
ference committee after being added in
Senate.
APPALACHIA
Voted "no." Authorizes $1.1 billion
for 360 counties in 11 States. Opposed
because emphasis wrongly placed.
Eighty cents out of every dollar provided
would go for highway . construction,
while only 2 cents would go for vocational
training and the teaching of new skills to
the unemployed. Roads without job
skills for unemployed would be meaning-
less.
OMNIBUS HOUSING ACT
Voted "yes" on House passage. Voted
"no" when Senate version containing
rent subsidies came back to House. Au-
thorizes $8.2 billion. Establishes rent
supplement program for Federal Gov-
ernment to pay portion of rent to low-
and middle-income families. Provides
for 60,000 additional units a year of low-
rent public housing for 4 years, includ-
ing rent certificate feature to be used in
connection with single-family housing.
Provides $2.9 billion for additional
urban renewal. Increases college hous-
ing authorization by $300 million a year.
Authorizes matching grants to commu-
nities for water and sewer facilities.
Provides grants for health, recreational
and community centers under poverty
program.
ECONOMIC OPPORTVSIITY AMENDMENTS
Voted "no.""l$&ubled authorization of
funds for poverty program, removed
right of State Governors to veto pro-
grams considered undesirable. Opposed
because of program maladministration,
political patronage of appointments, and
because 1 in 7 OEO staff employees have
salaries of $19,000 a year or better-the
highest ratio of any Federal agency.
Programs in big cities too often serve
politics rather than poor. What is
needed is an impartial investigation
rather than more Federal money.
RIGHT-TO-WORK REPEAL
Voted "no." Would invalidate State
laws guaranteeing right to work and
banning union shop, some of which were
adopted by votes of the people of the
States. Passed by House but died in
Senate. Opposed repealbecause it would
have given worker no place to go if he
were blackballed by union. Supported
amendments to prohibit union dues from
being used for political purposes, end
to racial and religious discrimination in
labor unions, end to punishment of union
members for exercising constitutional
rights of free speech but which were
rejected in the House.
ARMED SERVICE PAY
Voted "yes." Provides 11-percent pay
increase for soldiers, sailors, airmen and
marines to meet cost-of-living hikes and
to move them closer to comparable pay
with industry and civil service. Pro-
vides bonds on first reenlistment to
Armed Forces member who Is designated
as having critical military skill.
IMMIGRATION ACT
Voted "yes." Abolished country quota
system for immigrants and replaced it
with a new system based on the reuniting
of families and the individual merit of
each applicant. Sets a limit of 170,000
on the number to be admitted to the
United States each year, exclusive of
Western Hemisphere, and sets a limit
of 120,000 on Western Hemisphere im-
migration. Provided safeguards from
unfair competition and lowering of
wages and working standards to Ameri-
can workingman.
HEALTH PROFESSIONS
Voted "yes." Extend to 3 years pro-
gram of matching grants for teaching
facilities for training of physicians, den-
tists, public health personnel, optome-
trists, pharmacists and podiatrists. Also
extends medical student loan program.
HIGHWAY BEAUTIFICATION
Voted "yes." Limits signs on inter-
state and primary highway systems
within 660 feet of road right-of-way to
directional and official signs and which
conform to national standards, except
for signs listing real estate on property
for sale. If States do not conform, face
loss of 10-percent of highway construc-
tion funds.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA HOME RULE
Voted "yes." Provided for establish-
ment of locally elected government for
District of Columbia. House version
called for Charter Commission to draft
city charter. Senate called for Mayor-
Commission form of government. Con-
ference committee will attempt to recon-
cile differences for further action by Con-
gress next year.
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and this Is the place for us to give reality
to our commitments under the charter. For
what was for other generations a hope is
for us a simple necessity."
This is the age, and we are the men-and
The Stupidity of Intelligence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22, 1965
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, yester-
day October 21, I read in the New York
Times an editorial advertisement en-
titled "The Stupidity of Intelligence,"
which I would like to call to the atten-
tion of my colleagues.
The advertisement reproduced a col-
umn by the distinguished associate edi-
tor of the New York Times, Mr. James
Reston. It was presented as a public
service by the International Latex Corp.
I consider this article of the utmost
importance for all Americans and indeed
for the entire free world because, better
than any other single item I have come
across, it sets the protest demonstra-
tions against the Vietnam war, which
took place last week, in proper perspec-
tive.
Mr. Reston. makes the point that:
The demonstrators are inadvertently
working against all the things they want, and
creating all the things they fear the most.
They are not promoting peace but postpon-
ing it. They are not persuading the Presi-
dent or the Congress to end the war, but
deceiving Ho Chi Minh and General Giap
into prolonging it.
In an introduction appearing above
Mr. Reston's column, Mr. A. N. Spanel,
the founder of the International Latex
Corp., stresses the mischievous exploita-
tion of these demonstrations by the
Communist propaganda apparatus-in
Peiping, in Moscow, and in Hanoi.
I believe that Mr. Spanel and his com-
pany deserve a world of credit for the
courage and public spirit they have dis-
played over the past quarter of a cen-
tury in devoting so much of their adver-
tising funds to the publication of vital
statements on national and interna-
tional affairs. I include the editorial-
advertisement which appeared in the
New York Times on October 21, 1965, in
the appendix of the RECORD:
THE STUPIDITY OF INTELLIGENCE
(An advertisement presented as a public
service by International Latex Corp.)
Lurid headlines blazoned in the Moscow
Izvestia in its report on the noisy demon-
strations in the United States during the
weekend of October 16, demanding that we
abandon South Vietnam. We have ample
reason to be ashamed of those Americans
whose bizarre conduct gives the Communists
added gall to write such grossly exaggerated
and misleading stories.
What Moscow, Peiping, and Hanoi do not
tell their captive peoples is that their
own agents organized and manipulated
most, if not all of the ragtag gangs of
beatniks and so-called pacifists including
students and a relatively small percentage
of sincere conscientious objectors. Anti-
American demonstrations that weekend took
place not only in the United States but in
apparatus for staging such an organized, co-
ordinated international action.
In releasing a detailed study made by the
"enate Internal security Committee, Senator
THOMAS J. DODD asserted bluntly: "The con-
trol of the anti-Vietnam movement has
clearly passed from the hands of the mod-
erate elements who. may have controlled it
at one time, into the hands of Communists
and extremist elements who are openly sym-
pathetic to the Vietcong and openly hostile
to the United States."
It is good news that President Johnson is
determined to deal with those who violate
laws through activities bordering on treason.
We are reminded that there was once a pro-
fessor at Yale who opened his courses by
advising his students to keep an open mind-
"but not so open that the brains drop out."
The effect of the teach-ins and other agita-
tions, professedly for peace, actually is to
prolong the war. This total reality has been
set forth brilliantly by James Reston in the
New York Times of October 17, in the article
reprinted below. We recommend that it be
read and pondered especially by the honest,
well-meaning Americans drawn into the
swamp of confusion staged by the familiar
Communist conspiracy.
A. N. SPANEL,
Founders, Chairman,
International Latex Corp.
ARTICLE BY MR. RE3TON
WASHINGTON.-It is not easy, but let us
assume that all the student demonstrators
against the war in Vietnam are everything
they say they are: sincerely for an honorable
peace; troubled by the bombing of the civil
population of both North and South Viet-
nam; genuinely afraid that we may be
trapped into a hopeless war with China; and
worried about the power of the President and
the Pentagon and the pugnacious bawling
patriotism of many influential men in the
Congress.
A case can be made for it. In a world of
accidents and nuclear weapons and damn
fools, even a dreaming pacifist has to be an-
swered. And men who want peace, defy the
Government, and demonstrate for the sup-
port of the Congress, are not only within their
rights but must be heard.
THE PARADOX
The trouble is that they are inadvertently
working against all the things they want, and
creating all the things they fear the most.
They are not promoting peace but postpon-
ing it. They are not persuading the Presi-
dent or the Congress to end the war, but de-
ceiving Ho Chi Minh and General Giap into
prolonging it. They are not proving the su-
perior wisdom of the university community
but unfortunately bringing it into serious
question.
When President Johnson was refusing to
define his war aims in Vietnam the student
objectors had a point, and many of us here in
the Washington press corps and the Washing-
ton political community supported them, but
they are now out of date. They are making
news, but they are not making sense.
HEART OF THE PROBLEM
The problem of peace now lies not in Wash-
ington but in Hanoi, and probably the most
reliable source of information in the Western
World about what is going on there is the
Canadian representative on the Vietnam
International Control Commission, Blair
Seaborn.
He flies regularly to the North Vietnamese
capital with the Polish and Indian members
of that commission, and he is personally in
A6343
favor of an honorable negotiated peace in
Vietnam. He is a cultivated man and a pro-
fessional diplomat. He knows all the mis-
takes we have made, probably in more detail
than all the professors in all the teach-ins in
all the universities of this country. What he
finds in Hanoi, however, is a total misconcep-
tion of American policy, and, particularly, a
powerful conviction among Communist offi-
cials there that the antiwar demonstrations
and editorials in the United States will force
the American Government to give up the
fight.
Not even the conscientious objectors on
the picket lines In this country really believe
that they have the power or the support to
bring about any such result, but Hanoi ap-
parently believes it and for an interesting
reason.
Ho Chi Minh and the other Communist
leaders in Hanoi remember that they defeated
the French in Vietnam between 1950 and
1953 at least partly because of opposition to
the Vietnam war inside France. The Com-
munists won the propaganda battle in Paris
before they won the military battle at
Dlenbienphu.
COUNTING ON PROTEST
Now they think they see the same surge of
protest working against the Government in
Washington, no matter what Mr. Seaborn says
to the contrary. They have not been able to
challenge American air, naval, or even ground
power effectively since midsummer in South
Vietnam, but they apparently still have the
hope that the demonstrations against the
Johnson administration in the United States
will in the end give them the victory they
cannot achieve on the battlefield.
So the Communists reject the negotiations
the demonstrators in the United States want.
They reject the negotiations the American
Government has offered, and the demonstra-
tors are protesting; not against the nation
that is continuing the war but against their
own country that is offering to make peace.
WRONG OBJECTIVES
Honest conscientious objectors are being
confused with unconscientious objectors,
hangers-on, intellectual graduate school
draft-dodgers and rent-a-crown boobs who
will demonstrate for or against anything.
And the universities and the Government's
policy are being hurt in the process.
So there are now all kinds of investigations
going on or being planned to find out who
and what are behind all these demonstra-
tions on the campuses. It is a paradoxical
situation, for It is working not for intelligent
objective analysis of the problem, which the
university community of the Nation is sup-
posed to represent, not for peace, which the
demonstrators are demanding, but in both
cases for precisely the opposite.
The Problem of Hunger
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN C. MACKIE
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, October 22, 1965
Mr. MACKIE. Mr. Speaker, all of us
received a copy of the September issue
of Limestone, a quarterly magazine pub-
lished by the National Limestone Insti-
tute, Inc., of Washington.
This issue features a special section
on the No. 1 problem for the world in the
years ahead-hunger. This issue of
Limestone is indeed an outstanding
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPEN oven er 8, 1965
example of corporate responsibility and
vision In the social area. Limestone In-
stitute President Robert M. Koch and
the members of this organization are to
be commended for bringing this impor-
tant issue to our attention.
Authors of articles in the special hun-
ger issue include Senator GEORGE MC-
GOVERN, of South Dakota; B. R. Sen,
Director-General of the Food and Agri-
culture Organization of the United Na-
tions; Bishop Reuben Mueller, of the
National Council of Churches; and Mr.
Koch.
With a great deal of foresight, Senator
McGovERN has introduced a bill in the
Senate that is designed to give America
a leading role in an international effort
to end malnutrition and human want.
After Senator MCGovERN introduced
his legislation, I did a considerable
amount of research on the problem of
world hunger and decided to introduce
similar legislation in the House of Rep-
resentatives. Recently, Representative
L1'wN E. STALBAWL, of Wisconsin, joined
me by sponsoring the same bill.
Mr, Speaker, I urge my colleagues who
have not yet done so to review the cur-
rent issue of Limestone. Because I feel
Dr. Sen's message is worth repeating, I
include it as part of my remarks in the
Appendix of the RECORD :
ARTICLE BY Ma. B. R. SEN
Today, not less than half of the world's
population suffers from varying degrees of
undernutrition and malnutrition. Under-
nutrition means plain hunger. Malnutrition
has been called "hidden hunger," an expres-
sion which implies that people who have
enough to eat may nevertheless be unhealthy
and even become seriously ill and die be-
cause their diet does not provide all the
elements needed for satisfactory growth and
health. The causes of undernutrition and
malnutrition are numerous, but the major
causes are poverty and ignorance.
This is the biggest human problem of the
century. I say this .advisedly, because even
If there were an end to the cold war and
arms race today, there would still remain the
problem of providing food, clothing, shelter,
and education to nearly half the world's
population who live in poverty and constitute
Many are pessimistic about the capacity of sumption surveys which are available, it is
the underdeveloped countries to climb out clear that up to half of the world's popula-
of primary poverty. It may be pertinent to tion suffer from dietary deficiencies. The
inquire what the outlook was in Europe 200 food they eat somehow keeps them alive, but
years ago when she started pulling herself lacks those nutritive elements which are es-
up by her bootstraps. Could it not be said sential for growth, vitality, and resistance to
then that her peoples were too poor to save disease. The incidence of endemic de-
on any massive scale, that her agriculture ficiency diseases, such as kwaahiorkor, pel-
could not be made more fruitful, and her lagra, beriberi, and goiter in various parts
peoples would not adapt to factory tasks and of the world, supports this estimate more
the urban way of life? And yet the revolu- eloquently than any impressive array of
tion took place. Is the plight of the under- statistics.
developed countries today any worse than In Africa, for instance, one child In four
that of Europe in 1760? is affected between the ages of 1 and 4 by a
It is true that the world food position is a more or less severe form of kwashiorkor.
little more satisfactory than it has been in Pellagra, usually rife in areas where maize is
past times, but today we are confronted by the staple food, is endemic in north Egypt,
a new challenge in human history which, if Basutoland, and Yugoslavia, and occurs spo-
it is not faced, could easily sweep away the radically in Latin America. Beriberi, al-
little progress we have so far made-this is though the first known vitamin deficiency
the upward surge of world population at a disease, still takes a heavy toll in the rice-
rate which has never been approached before. growing areas of Asia. A wider use of pol-
Through most of man's history, high death ished rice has only increased its incidence
rates, due to disease and lack of control in recent years. In a survey in Burma, 40
over natural surroundings, prevented his percent of the 2,000 expectant and nursing
numbers from increasing very considerably. mothers examined had symptoms of beriberi.
Then with the development of medical In northern Thailand in 1956, 24 percent of
science, the new triumphs in death control the adult population was suffering from poly-
began to remove the influence of this brake neuritis which is attributable to this dis-
on population growth, and numbers began ease. It is endemic in the Indian States of
to soar. Assam and Bengal.
In 1600 the population of the earth is be- Rickets, rare in tropical countries, is
lieved to have been 300 to 400 million peo- nevertheless found in South Africa and north
ple, and it was not until about 1800-two India. It is frequent in north Africa and
centuries later-that this figure had doubled. the Near East. Fifteen percent of the chil-
By 1900-just 100 years this time-the popu- dren in Cairo and Damascus hospitals show
lation had risen to about 1,500 million. In clear signs of rickets. Endemic goiter is
only 60 years since then, our numbers have common in the Andes and the Himalayas.
almost doubled again-to about 3.000 million In eight States of Mexico comprising 11 mil-
people. With world population rising by lion inhabitants, an estimated 2 million have
more than 50 million people a year, It will goiter. In Basutoland, 40 percent of the
not take 60, but only 35 years to double our population is affected and in East Cameroon,
numbers once more, and all the indications 25 percent.
are that 6,000 to 7,000 million people will Available data reveal enormous differences
enter the year 2000. If today we are having in infant mortality rates in different parts
trouble in 'producing adequate supplies of of the world. They range from over 200
food for 3,000 million people, what a prob- per 1,000 live births in some African coun-
lem lies only 35 years ahead in feeding twice tries, and over 100 per 1,000 live births in the
that number. major countries of Asia, to below 30 In coun-
The essence of the world food problem is tries with efficient health and social services.
not what is happening in the world as a Undernutrition and malnutrition are among
whole or on average. It is the differences the important causes of infant mortality.
that exist between countries and regions, Even more suggestive is the death rate
and the growing disparities between various in children aged 1 to 4, the age group in
population groups that give the greatest which malnutrition is most common and
cause for concern. severe. In the developed countries this is
A particularly disturbing feature of the nowadays one of the safest periods in life.
situation is the slow tempo of economic Figures from Sweden will illustrate this
development in those regions where food point. In that country the infant mortality
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.
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n- rate-the number of deat
it perennial threat to peace and security. deficiencies are most pronounce
Before I proceed to define the problem of stance, In North America the total food pro- births in the first year--is about 16. In the
hunger as I see it, let me briefly refer to two duction today is about .,0 percent higher age group i to 4 the death rate per 1,000
fairly recent and continuing developments than before the war, while the population population is about 1; that is, only about 6
which make the problem so much of a peril during the same period has increased by 33 percent of the infant mortality rate. The
and so much of an opportunity. The first percent. In the Far East region, including Swedish figures are exceptionally good but
development is to be seen in its most dra- most of the densely populated countries of other highly developed countries can pro-
matic aspect in the new states that have south and southeast Asia but excluding duce figures of approximately the same kind.
come Into being in Asia and Africa. The China. food production has increased by In the underdeveloped countries the pic-
peoples of these new states number nearly about 25 percent since before the war, while ture is altogether different. The infant mor-
1,000 million-or almost one-third of the the population has gone up 30 percent. To- tality rate will, of course, be higher: 100 per
entire human race. They have come to their day, per capita production in Asia and the 1,000 live births can be taken as a typical
freedom not as an end in itself, but as a Far East, where prewar consumption levels figure. The death rate in the age group
beginning-the beginning of a dynamic and were among the lowest in the world, Is about i to 4 per 1,000 population may be of the
demanding new life. They have come to 8 percent lower than it was 20 years ago. order of 20 to 60, or even higher. Suppose
their freedom not blindly and mechanically On the other hand, agricultural production 40 is taken as a typical figure. This means
but in an alert and informed understanding in the United States, Canada, and Australia that for 1 child dying every year in Sweden
of the many ways in which they can make has so outstripped national requirements in the age group 1 to 4 years, 40 die in the
their needs and aspirations felt at home that vast surpluses have accumulated in underdeveloped countries.
these countries.
and in the world. Such figures, however approximate, bring
When you add to these mobilized millions With the world's present trade and eco- out a fact which is still insufficiently rec-
the many more millions elsewhere in the nomic arrangements, it has been found dif- ognized, namely, that children in the un-
world who are equally underprivileged and ficult to move these surpluses into consump- derdeveloped countries survive the first year
equally aware of their condition and the tion. This dilemma of hunger and surpluses of life only to enter into another dangerous
posibility of changing it, you have a ground is one of the most baffling paradoxes of our period. Malnutrition is one of the most
swell of aspiration that has the potential time. serious dangers which they encounter. The
power to sweep institutions, administrations, The statistics of hunger and malnutrition incidence of malnutrition in the less devel-
national barriers pell-mell out of its giant are neither complete nor wholly accurate. oped countries may be placed at well over
path. This ground swell has been Well- But we know enough to formulate a 50 percent. In other words, well over 1,000
named "the revolution of rising expects- fairly reliable estimate. From the statistics million people in the world today suffer from
tions." of agricultural production and food con- various degrees of malnutrition.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140001-3