CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130012-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: August 17, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

August 17, .1965 Approv % ftAgj8S&T3 ff ffl~DC IA-RfK 7 E 0446 R000300130012-2 19865
that the U.N. can become an effective in-
strument for the maintenance of world
peace and the rule of law in international
affairs. But, he left no doubt that if
that potential is to be fulfilled the sup-
port of every member of the world body
for the sound principles on which the
U.N. is based is essential. In the ab-
sence of the rule of law and a collective
willingness to adhere to the responsi-
bilities set forth in the Charter of the
United Nations a return to chaos is cer-
tain and imminent.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Ambassador Goldberg's speech
at the U.N. be printed at this point in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
STATEMENT BY AMBASSADOR ARTHUR J. GOLD-
BERG, U.S. REPRESENTATIVE TO THE UNITED
NATIONS, IN THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS, MONDAY, AUGUST
16, 1965
Mr. Chairman, I have had the pleasure of
meeting informally with some of the heads
of delegations to the United Nations during
the past few weeks. This, however, is my
first formal appearance before an official
organ of the General Assembly. I, therefore,
asked to be inscribed to speak first so I might
begin, with your indulgence, by assuring all
members represented on this committee of
the great sense of responsibility I feel in
assuming my new duties as Permanent Rep-
resentative of the United States of America
to the United Nations.
President Johnson, in announcing my ap-
pointment, said of my assignment: "In his
new office he will speak not only for an ad-
ministration but he will speak for an entire
Nation, firmly, earnestly, and responsibly
committed to the strength and to the success
of the United Nations in its works for peace
around the world."
My own thoughts, in accepting this assign-
ment, are dominated by a strong conviction
that the world is so full of danger and tribu-
lation that every available part of the U.N.'s
peacekeeping machinery must be in working
order so that the United Nations as a whole
can perform its appointed role of peacemaker
and peacekeeper.
And I cannot enter upon my official duties
without paying my respects to my great and
gifted and eloquent predecessor, the late
Adiai E. Stevenson. He will be sorely missed.
He and I were personal friends of long stand-
ing; and I knew him well enough to be sure
that if he could be here today his message to
us would be simple and forthright: get on
with your work of making peace.
I therefore turn, Mr. Chairman, to the
business at hand.
I do not intend to review here in detail the
position which the United States has taken
with respect to articles 17 and 19 of the
charter. As the members of this Committee
are well aware, we believe in the soundness
of the following straightforward principles:
First, that the concept of collective finan-
cial responsibility adopted by the United
Nations in 1945 is a sound principle-and a
landmark in the practice of international
organizations.
Second, that article 17 of the Charter of
the United Nations Is impeccably clear on
the right of the General Assembly to assess
and apportion among its members the "ex-
penses of the Organization."
Third, that the costs of peacekeeping oper-
ations, once assessed and apportioned by the
General Assembly, are expenses of the Orga-
nization within the meaning of article 17-a
proposition confirmed by the International
Court of Justice and accepted by the Gen-
eral Assembly by an overwhelming vote.
Fourth, that article 19 is clear beyond
question about the sanction to be applied
in the case of 2-year delinquents.
Our views on these matters have not rep-
resented a bargaining position nor have they
changed. They have not been based on nar-
row national interest but on the clear lan-
guage of the charter and what seemed to us
the clear interests of the Organization.
This is not and never has been an issue in
any so-called cold war; under the law of the
charter the questions would be identical re-
gardless of which member or members hap-
pened to be in arrears-or for what assessed
United Nations activity they failed to pay-
or why they refused to pay for.it.
Nonetheless, the issue has been interpreted
widely as a "confrontation"-not between
the delinquent members and the law of the
United Nations-but between major powers.
We do not so regard it.
We, for our part, cannot abandon our ad-
herence to positions which we firmly believe
to be constitutionally, legally, procedurally,
and administratively correct.
Much less can we abandon positions taken
and precedents established by the Assembly
itself by overwhelming majorities, acting
within the framework of the charter and ac-
cording to its own established procedures.
I refer specifically to the formal actions of
the General Assembly since 1956 levying as-
sessments to finance the United Nations
Emergency Force; to the similar assessment
resolutions since 1960 for the United Nations
operation in the Congo; to the decision in
1961 to submit to the International Court
of Justice the question of whether these
assessments are "expenses of the Organiza-
tion"; within the meaning of article 17; to
the Assembly's authorization in 1961 of the
United Nations bond issue; to the Assembly's
acceptance in 1962 of the advisory opinion
of the Court on the question submitted to it;
to the reaffirmation by the Assembly's fourth
special session in 1963 of the collective finan-
cial responsibility of all United Nations mem-
bers; and to the appeal by the same body
to delinquent members to pay their arrears.
All this has been done by the Assembly and
cannot be undone by a few of its members.
The law and the history of the matter can-
not be revised.
The United States regretfully concludes,
on ample evidence, that at this stage in the
history of the United Nations, the General
Assembly is not prepared to carry out the
relevant provisions of the charter in the con-
text of the present situation. From private
consultations, from statements by the princi-
pal officers of the Organization, from the
statements and exhaustive negotiations
within and outside this committee, from an
informal polling of the delegations-indeed
from the entire history of this affair-the
inevitable conclusion is that the Assembly
Is not disposed to apply the loss-of-vote
sanction of article 19 to the present situation.
We regret that the intransigence of a few
of the member states, and their unwilling-
ness to abide by the rule of law, has led the
Organization into this state of affairs.
The United States adheres to the position
that article 19 is applicable in the present
circumstances. It is clear, however, that
we are faced with a simple and inescapable
fact of life which I have cited. Moreover,
every parliamentary body must decide, in
one way or another, the issues that come
before it; otherwise it will have no useful
existence, and soon no life.
Therefore, without prejudice to the posi-
tion that article 19 is applicable, the United
States recognizes, as it must, that the Gen-
eral Assembly is not prepared to apply arti-
cle 19 in the present situation and that the
consensus of the membership is that the
Assembly should proceed normally. We will
not seek to frustrate that consensus, since
it is not in the world interest to have the
work of the General Assembly immobilized
In these troubled days. At the same time,
we must make clear that if any member can
insist on making an exception to the prin-
ciple of collective financial responsibility
with respect to certain activities of the
Organization, the United States reserves the
same option to make exceptions if, in Our
view, strong and compelling reasons exist for
doing so. There can be no double standard
among the members of the Organization.
Some members may believe that in not
applying article 19 no important decision
is being made. The United States believes
that no one can or should overlook the fact
that the exercise of important prerogatives of
the Assembly granted it under the charter is
being impaired. The United States wishes
to strengthen, not weaken, the United Na-
tions by adhering to rather than departing
from basic, sound principles. Therefore we
must disclaim responsibility for the Assem-
bly's attitude, which has developed contrary
to the views we still hold to be valid, and
place the responsibility where it properly
belongs-on those member states which have
flouted the Assembly's will and the Court's
opinion.
We look forward, nonetheless, to the not-
too-distant day when the entire membership
will resume its full range of collective re-
sponsibility for maintaining world peace. In
the meantime, it is all the more important
for the membership, though unready to
apply article 19, to solve the United Nations
financial problems and to continue to sup-
port in practice the sound principle of col-
lective financial responsibility, and to adopt
practical and equitable means by which those
willing to, share the responsibility for peace
can act in concert to maintain and
strengthen the indispensable peacekeeping
capacity of the United Nations.
Meanwhile, the Security Council retains its
primary responsibility-this does not mean
sole responsibility-for the maintenance of
international peace and security; and the
General Assembly retains its residual author-
ity for this purpose, especially when the Se-
curity Council is unable to meet its respon-
sibilities.
Mr. Chairman, my Government has never
been prepared to accept a situation in which
the capacity of the United Nations to act
for peace could be stopped by the negative
vote of a single member. Nor should the ef-
fectiveness of this Organization be deter-
mined by the level of support forthcoming
from its least cooperative members.
The world needs a strengthened-not a
weakened-United Nations peacekeeping ca-
pacity. Those who are prepared to help
strengthen it-the overwhelming majority-
must be in a position to do so with or with-
out the support of the reluctant few until
they learn, as they surely will, that a work-
able and reliable international peace system
is in the national interest of all members.
My Government states these views here
today in the conviction that the time is now
for the General Assembly to get on with its
heavy agenda, which is indeed the unfinished
business of mankind.
We must find new strength and new ca-
pacities for building, brick by brick, the
community of man.
Mr. Chairman, when my appointment was
first announced I said that "the effort to
bring the rule of law to govern the relations
between sovereign states is the greatest ad-
venture in man's history" These were not
merely ceremonial words. They described,
rather, a deep conviction on my part and a
precise evaluation of what I think this work
at the United Nations is all about. If Presi-
dent Johnson did not agree he would not
have sent me here.
I would be less .than candid if I did not
state my conviction that the rule of law is
not being furthered by the action of those
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENAATE August, 17, 1965
Member States who are responsible for not
implementing it. But establishing a rule of
law is not easy and, despite temporary set-
backs, we must persevere in what is not only
a noble but an indispensable task if univer-
sal peace is to be achieved.
I therefore pledge to you, on behalf of my-
self, and on behalf of my delegation, and on
behalf of the Government I represent, that
the United. States is prepared to join in a
fresh drive to help the United Nations gather
new strength until the rule of law is uni-
versally accepted-until the present cind fu-
ture generations are Indeed safe from the
scourge of war-until better standards of
life in larger freedom are indeed the order of
the day-and until the dignity and worth
of the human person is realized everywhere.
Mr. Chairman, we agree, in light of present
world tensions, that the General Assembly
must proceed with its work. in doing so, it
is well to remember the ancient counsel that
while the world is full of tribulation, "tribu-
lation maketh patience; and patience, ex-
zrience; and a ce, hope."
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in
the Washington Daily News of August 9,
there appears an article by the Scripps-
Howard staff writer, George Carmack, on
the primitive transportation system
which is employed by those who oppose
the Saigon Government. It is the coolie
supply train which has apparently be-
come the main source of supply for the
insurgency. Thousands of human por
ters move north and south in an endless
stream, Carrying on their shoulders the
necessities of warfare and survival. The
"bitter effort"-for that is what "coolie"
means-system of transport is as cruel
and as exhausting as it is indigenous to
China. and many other parts of Asia.
But it can be effective when the hands
are many and the roads, vehicles, and
even the pack animals are few.
The Senate should find this article
by Mr. Carmack of considerable interest
and I ask unanimous consent that it be
included at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News,
Aug. 9, 19651
COOLIE LINE SUPPLIES VIETCONG
(By George Carmack)
The Defense Department official's hands
moved swiftly as he made his point:
"Over here put a little mound of sugar.
"Then over here put an anthill.
"The way those ants work back and
forth"-and here his fingers danced in and
out-"is the way thousands of coolies stream
back and forth between North and South
Vietnam carrying ammunition and other
supplies to the Vietcong."
ON THE BACK
Most of the stuff North Vietnam sends to
South Vietnam is moved In two ways:
The soldier himself carries it when he first
goes south.
What he can't carry plus the necessary re-
supply is carried on the backs of coolies.
Some supplies must be carried as much
as 600 miles. A trip down the Ho Chi-mink
trail and into the southern part of South
Vietnam might take a coolie as much as 6
months.
It is believed we have now shut off most of
the men and supplies coming in by sea.
The South Vietnamese have about 500
armed junks on patrol. They also man about
40 naval vessels the United States has sup-
plied them.
The U.S. Navy has brought into being a
new 16-vessel unit called the Sea Surveil-
lance Force.
The Coast Guard has 17 cutters operating
In two groups.
Within North Vietnam the supplies can be
moved over a good network of roads.
This is the area where the United States
is doing much of its bombing and where
thousands of workers have been shifted to
keep roads and bridges under repair.
No supplies move directly across the short
50-mile-wide border between North and
South Vietnam. The border has been heavily
mined by both sides.
North Vietnam must move its supplies
down through Laos. Many miles of the Ho
Chi-minh trail are in Laos.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask un-
animous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING Ol1'FICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
FOURTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I join the
distinguished Senator from Montana,
the majority leader, and the distin-
guished Senator from Oregon [Mr.
MORSE], the chairman of the Subcom-
mittee on Latin American Affairs of the
Foreign Relations Committee, in hailing
the fourth anniversary of the Alliance
for Progress. Also, with respect to the
President's speech upon this occasion, I
wish to express the deep satisfaction that
he has undertaken to call attention to
new opportunities for the economic inte-
gration of the Americas which lie be-
fore us.
His call for the establishment of con-
tinent-wide program-patterned after
the European Coal and Steel Commu-
nity--for the production and trade of
fertilizers, pesticides, and other products
needed to increase Latin American agri-
cultural production and his offer of U.S.
support for such a program is a most
important initiative. This proposal is
in line with recommendations made a
week ago by the Inter-American Com-
mittee on the Alliance for Progress,
CIAP and is supported by the achieve-
ments of the Central American Common
Market and LATTA.
The President also proposed that the
Congress eliminate the special import
fee now levied on sugar.
Third, and very importantly, the Presi-
dent has called for further work on the
stabilization of commodity prices,
through the International Coffee Agree-
ment and similar commodity agree-
ments. This represents a great change
in policy.
I speak personally now in expressing
my personal gratification that the Presi-
dent seems to have taken up the idea of
western hemispheric economic Integra-
tion by encouraging the nations of Latin
America to take the first big step, as
Europe did with Its European Coal and
Steel Community.
Some time ago I spoke in Santiago,
Chile, and earlier this year in Mexico
City, and called for a common market
encompassing all of Latin America, and
then the formation of a Western Hem-
isphere free trade area including the
United States and Canada, with certain
exceptions, which were taken into ac-
count, in light of the specialized charac-
ter of the economies of both South
America and North America.
The first step that was taken along this
line, in Europe was in the establishment
of the European Coal and Steel Com-
munity. That could be the pattern here
in the rationalization of the production
of Latin American industry related to
increasing Latin American agricultural
production.
I hail this initiative. I get personal
gratification from it, as an early pro-
ponent of this program, which follows
the pattern of the ADELA Investment
Co., with which the Senator is already
very much familiar.
I hope very much that we will go
through with helping our Latin Ameri-
can brethren to break through in this
first step for the economic integration
of the Americas.
I pledge my very best efforts toward
attaining these enviable opportunities
for peace and security and freedom, and
in resisting Communist influences or even
ultraright influences, such as those of
military juntas.
I shall do everything I can to forward
this historic and enormous objective.
I feel distinctly gratified, and perhaps
feel the most gratification that I have
ever felt, that this should have been
taken up by the President of the United
States.
Even the critics of the Alliance for
Progress will agree that in this 4-year
period the Alliance has achieved a, great
many successes both In terms of meeting
the targets laid down in the Charter of
Punta del Este and in terms of represent-
ing a historic turning point In U.S. policy
toward Latin America.
In terms of economic development, the
Alliance resulted in an extraordinary mo-
bilization of Latin America's resources
in the past 4 years. This year Latin
American nations will not only contrib-
ute the 80 percent of the total invest-
ment capital called for by the Charter of
Punta del Este for economic and social
development-an average of $8 billion a.
year-but will exceed it by 50 percent.
The United States for its own part also
fulfilled its pledges by committing $4.4
billion in U.S. aid funds under the Alli-
ance. Per capita gross national product
rose by 2.5 percent last year--another
key target set by the charter.
An effective multilateral organiza-
tion-the Inter-American Committee of
the Alliance for Progress-CIAP--is?now
a key element in the drafting and execu-
tion of development plans, the mobiliza-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 17, 1965
than 30 years in promoting more water for
Kern County. He was a sparkplug in the
drive to get the Central Valley project built
and more recently has been in the thick
of the fight to get Feather River project
water for Kern County. About cloud
seeding, Curran says:
"There is cloud seeding around here long
enough to get some answers if people will
only look at them. Those who have looked
at the answers all say the same thing-it
works. Right now the crying need is to
expand cloud seeding in the Sierras to in-
crease the snowpack."
Curran also points out one frequent mis-
conception about the Kern County weather
modification program, one that has worried
an occasional row-crop farmer.
"None of the cloud seeding going on has
any effect on rain in the valley itself," Cur-
ran explained. "The sole objective is to pile
up more snow in the mountains, and en-
courage good forage growth in the foothills.
I think one of the best measures of the
success of the program can be seen in the
flow of Poso Creek last year. It was the
only stream In the entire State that pro-
duced the greatest amount of water in 25
years. It doesn't seem reasonable that this
would have happened naturally, when it is
so close to streams which didn't show any
such gains. The only difference was that
we seeded the watershed areas of Poso
Creek."
Cloud seeing is of direct benefit to valley
growers, however, in stepping up replenish-
ment of groundwater supplies, said Curran,
since virtually all of the groundwater under
the valley floor comes from runoff of Sierra
streams.
One of the most direct observations of
cloud seeding results comes from Bert De-
Marais, a Bakersfield charter pilot who has
flown cloud-seeding runs for Precipitation
Control Co. for 10 years. An Instrument-
rated pilot who regularly files many local
executives all over the West, DeMarais is
actually the firm's junior pilot. Earl Tur-
ner, the firm's original "seeder" has just
finished 12 years riding storms in the south-
ern San Joaquin Valley.
As far as DeMarais is concerned, there is
no uncertainty over whether cloud seeding
makes for more rainfall.
"When we're up there working those
clouds," he explains, "it's hard for us to
understand how anyone can doubt that this
thing works. We make a few seeding runs,
then take a look under the clouds and it's
raining pitchforks-not everywhere, but just
where we laid on the smoke. How can you
get around this kind of proof?"
[From the Bakersfield Californian, July 30,
1965]
RAINMAKERS LEARNED TRADE IN COCKPITS
FLYING AMID CLOUDS
When the strange new technique of cloud
seeding (artifl8lal nucleation-the scientists
called it) came out of the laboratory at the
close of World War II, a rash of well-meaning
people began heaving dry ice out of airplane
cockpits, expecting a downpour to start any
second.
Not so with Dave Merrill of Taft, president
of Precipitation Control Company of Califor-
nia, which has been seeding clouds in the
southern San Joaquin Valley for more than 15
years. When he became interested in this
business, he first traveled thousands of miles
to get the best thinking of reputable people
in the field. But this still wasn't enough, he
recalls.
"We soon found that getting more water
out of those clouds depends on dozens of
little 'nuts and bolts' techniques that had to
be learned the hard way," Merrill said. "Our
company has been learning and experiment-
ing all the time, like a farmer does. We dis-
covered by trial and error that effective cloud
laboratory. We learned our trade right up
there on top those clouds in the same way
a farmer gets his knowhow mostly on the
seat of a tractor."
Merrill says this "hard knocks" method of
learning is one reason why weather modifica-
tion isn't practiced as widely as he and other
experts contend it should be.
"Most of the official interest in weather
modification has gone into 'way out' research
that has no local economic value," he claims.
"In huge university laboratories, scientists
are making painfully slow progress toward
weather satellites and schemes to regulate
weather over vast land masses.
"In our company, we're interested in such
down-to-earth problems as stopping dust
storms around Taft and in putting more
water into Isabella Reservoir. Our work
hasn't captured the imagination of the aca-
demic minds, but it's mighty important to
local farmers, hunters, fishermen, lumber-
men, and every taxpayer."
Kern County Supervisor Vance Webb, long
a champion of cloud seeding, wasn't taking
a flight of fancy when he first convinced the
board of supervisors that cloud seeding made
good hard business sense. He got Interested
when he saw county road maintenance costs
go down after Precipitation Control Co. be-
gan seeding clouds in a western Kern area
that used to be called the dust bowl.
"When we saw that the dust bowl problem
was being licked, we took a second look,"
Webb recalls. Then we discovered how much
the county was saving in road maintenance
expenses at the same time that rainfall there
was beginning to exceed that of the Bakers-
field area."
Now, Webb is hopeful that an unusual
"three rivers" experiment might grow out of
research on cloud seeding which is now get-
ting underway at Taft College under a con-
tract'with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Under this plan, three adjacent rivers in
the Sierras would be selected for the test.
Precipitation Control Co. has offered to seed
the water shed area of the center stream of
the three, leaving the outside streams un-
seeded as "controls." Unless the seeded
stream produced runoff greater than would
be normally expected on the basis of the flow
of the "control" streams, the firm would re-
ceive no pay for its services.
Webb claims the experience of the past 15
years more than justifies such a test.
"With proven techniques of cloud seeding
available, and with the evaluation proce-
dures to be developed In the Taft College
research program, the time will be ripe to
find out just how worthwhile an aircraft
weather modification can be to the economy
of this area," he says.
In Webb's cornet on this issue is Senator
THOMAS H. KUCHEL.
"I believe that sufficient progress has been
made In dynamic meteorology to justify
serious consideration by the Bureau of Rec-
lamation of an expanded program in our
southern Sierra region," KucHEL said. "In-
stead, the program Is in danger of being
stopped by a lack of funds before it has a
chance to get started. This must not hap-
pen. With the background established by
our local governments and private Industry,
the program launched by the Bureau can
move ahead rapidly."
SALUTE TO THE REPUBLIC OF
GABON
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, the end
of colonialism and the emergence of free,
self-governing nations which has been a
postwar accomplishment in Africa brings
about the observance of the fifth inde-
pendence day for the country of Gabon
on this date.
a history stretching back to times pre-
dating settlement of our own country
looks optimistically toward the future
because of a wealth of natural resources
and a history featured by harmonious
relations with the longer established de-
mocracies. Fortunately for the people
now burdened with heavy responsibili-
ties, Gabon can draw on experience in
the conduct of public affairs gained from
warm association with Western Euro-
peans.
For our own country, irrevocably com-
mitted to the ideals of human dignity
and individual freedom, it is heartening
that Gabon has remained aloof from the
Communist lure which has influenced
the course of many other fledgling re-
publics on the vast African continent.
Likewise, it is reassuring that Gabon
possesses great potentials for sound eco-
nomic development in her forests, min-
eral deposits, and hydroelectric capabil-
ity. That country's willingness to wel-
come private investment, and enterprise
presents a cheerful prospect for interna-
tional cooperation which can improve
the living conditions and brighten the
outlook for Gabon's aspiring citizens.
On this occasion, it is fit that the
United States, now nearing the 200th
anniversary of freedom, should salute. the
republic of Gabon, Its Ambassador, His
Excellency Aristide N. E. Issembe, and
its dedicated public officials led by Head
of Government Leon M'Ba as they ob-
serve their ? In4ependence d
SOME OB IONS . OF RICHARD
WILSON ON FACTORS IN U.S. FOR-
EIGN POLICY AND VIETNAM
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, Mr.
Richard Wilson, chief of the Cowles
publications Washington News Bureau,
has written a perceptive column on the
role of the U.S. Heartland in American
policy, which appeared in the Washing-
ton Star on August 16.
I ask unanimous consent that the arti-
cle be printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MISSILE TARGETS IN U.S. HEARTLAND
(By Richard Wilson)
The tragic loss in the missile silo explosion
in Arkansas brings to mind that these stra-
tegic military sites are located in the heart
of the country. _
So is headquarters of the Strategic Air
Command and other SAC bases. These are
the primary enemy targets in any conceiv-
able nuclear war. Any enemy plan of action
must depend on paralyzing them before mis-
siles and planes from these bases are
launched in retaliation.
Thus the once protected heartland of the
Nation becomes the front line of defense, the
first to feel an enemy's blow. In the nuclear
age this means that vast clouds of lethal
radioactive materials would be hurled above
and fall upon many States in that section of
the Nation which was once the home of
isolationism.
It is a cruel anomaly. Events have ex-
posed to desolation the geographical area
where sentiment was once strongest against
international entanglements and commit-
ments. This is not to say that the great
cities of the east and west coast or the Mid-
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August 17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
gram of the Bureau of Reclamation. As
a Californian, and as a .member of the
Committee on Interior and Insular Af-
fairs, intensely interested in any program
that will increase precipitation and pro-
vide additional water for our, rivers and
streams, water which is so badly needed
in many parts of our Nation, and our
vast parched areas, I venture to hope
that the Appropriations Committee will
recommend to the Senate suf!lcient funds
to continue the comprehensive programs
of the Bureau.
There recently appeared in one of the
fine newspapers in my State a series of
articles dealing with weather modifica-
tion by means of seeding of clouds. I
ask unanimous consent that the articles
from the Bakersfield Californian be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Bakersfield Californian, July 24,
1965)
MORE WATER AvAILADLE ARTIFICIALLY
(More than 20 years ago, a pair of General
Electric Co. researchers sent a tiny airplane
aloft with a load of dry ice. The purpose
was to confirm an accidental laboratory dis-
covery-that clouds of moisture could be
persuaded to drop their water burden if an
artificial nucleus were provided. The results
of that flight opened the door to unrestrained
predictions about how man would soon con-
trol his weather environment. Now after
two decades, these dreams appear unful-
filled. Is practical weather modification an
elusive mirage? Has mankind enjoyed the
rewards of more water from the sky?
~8trangely, a meaningful answer to these ques-
tions may come right here in the southern
San Joaquin Valley because of several re-
cent-and some old--developments. Because
of the local importance of these develop-
ments, the Bakersfield Californian presents
a four-part commentary on the present
status of weather modification as it relates
In increasing rainfall. It has been prepared
by Bill Mead, a recognized water specialist
of this area.)
PART 1
How do you get people to pay for rain?
In a few words, this is probably the best
answer to another question: Why hasn't
cloud seeding accomplished more in the past
20 years?
During these same years, Americans have
spent billions of dollars on projects to har-
ness the water of countless rivers and move
already fallen rain to places where it didn't
fall. Yet there's impressive evidence to sug-
gest that these' water-diversion projects
could be handsomely augmented by arti-
ficially stimulating more rainfall in water-
short areas-for example, Kern County.
One of the main reasons why people have
been quick to see the need for surface water
distribution projects, but slow to give much
credence to weather modification, gets back
to human nature. When we build dams and
canals, we can see the water we have trapped
and we can measure it right to the place
it's being transported, regardless how far
away.
It's far different with cloud seeding. After
all, who can prove that it wouldn't have
rained anyway?
Only piles of statistics, gleaned over years
of practical research, can bring to light the
kind of ironclad evidence it takes to measure
the economic value of cloud seeding.
Surprising to many people, much of the
available evidence about the economic value
of cloud seeding has been developed right
here In Kern County.
For more than 15 years, a Taft-based firm
called Precipitation Control Co. of Cali-
fornia has stretched a "poor boy's" budget
to lay plumes of silver iodide smoke (the
modern successor to dry ice) on the billow-
ing crowns of thousands of miles of rain
clouds. Starting on the valley's west side,
the firm has recently expanded its activities
to the skies over the Sierra foothills.
Always faced with the built-in problem of
how to get paid for its work, the Taft firm
has survived through private contributions
and the unwavering support of the Kern
County Board of Supervisors.
Because its operations have been nip and
tuck financially, Precipitation Control Co.
has never been able to mount a weather
modification campaign of large enough scale
to give a precise answer to the question:
How does it pay off in dollars and cents?
Several new developments, however, may
change this picture and give everyone in the
southern San Joaquin Valley a chance to see
how cloud seeding may fit into the area's
water program.
[From the Bakersfield Californian,
July 27, 19651
SENATOR KUCHEL To AID IN RAIN TRY
Man's efforts to wring more water out of
the clouds may soon take a big step forward
in the southern San Joaquin Valley.
In Washington, California Senator THOMAS
H. KuceezL has set a firm course toward get-
ting enough Federal money to carry `out a
unique cloudseeding research project called
the Southern Sierra Study. Revealing his
confidence in the value of cloud seeding,,Ku-
OREL said in a letter to Senate Appropriations
Committee:
"For several years some of the counties
located In the lower San Joaquin Valley have
carried on a cloud-seeding program. Ac-
Cording to the data furnished me, these pro-
grams-although limited in scope-have
proven highly successful. I am convinced
that cloud seeding to increase water supplies
in mountainous areas offers an excellent
chance to increase precipitation by econom-
ically significant amounts. How better can
we obtain the so badly needed additional
water in our rivers and streams, and- eventu-
ally Into our reclamation projects, in such
a dramatic manner without the necessity of
the long delay and expense of constructing
new works?"
Here at home, Kern County Supervisor
Vance Webb announced this week the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation has signed a con-
tract with Taft College for a two-part re-
search effort on weather modification. The
first part will be the development of ways to
evaluate cloud-seeding operations in a given
area, The second part will be the actual use
of these newly developed procedures to meas-
ure the effectiveness of a specific cloud-seed-
ing operation.
The pact is for $36,000, Webb was told
by Taft College president, Garlyn Basham,
and Walter Gartska of the USBR's Den-
ver Office. According to Webb, the research
grant came as an outgrowth of an earlier
weather modification research effort by Taft
College Instructor, Lawrence E. Peahl, in
which he evaluated the results of cloud
seeding on the west aide by Precipitation
Control Co. of California, which is based in
Taft. Peahi's study showed that precipi-
tation in the firm's target area had in-
creased 78 percent during the study period.
Webb hailed the new contract as "a long-
overdue look at the practical value of lo-
cai weather modification."
He said the Kern Board of Supervisors
has invested money in cloud seeding for sev-
eral years because all available evidence indi-
cates that it more than pays its way. The
major problem, be says, has been the lack
of accepted yardsticks for pinpointing re-
sults.
19847
"We have been highly impressed with
the accomplishments of Precipitation Con-
trol Co.," said Webb. "We've tried to meas-
ure it objectively from every direction and
the answer keeps coming out the same-
Precipitation Control Co. has increased rain-
fall wherever and whenever they've had the
money to work."
Webb's confidence in the soundness of
cloud seeding has received backing this year
from an unexpected source-a large and suc-
cessful business organization in San Fran-
cisco.
The Robert Dollar Co., through its pres-
ident, R. Stanley Dollar, Jr., has assumed
an active role in the affairs of Precipitation
Control Co. The move drew this comment
from Supervisor Webb:
"Obviously the interest of such a well-
known California business organization could
only be attracted on merit."
[From the Bakersfield Californian, July 28,
196r5J
RAINMAKERS' RECORDS INDICATE C,LounsxaD-
ING PROCEDURES PAY
One of the reasons why cloud seeding to
increase rainfall has not become a more
common practice Is that it takes years of
work and mountains of data to come up with
conclusive evidence on how well It works
and what's the best way to do It.
Here in Kern County, Precipitation Con-
trol Co., of California, has compiled an
Impressive record of weather information
tending to show that its cloud-seeding oper-
ations have resulted in substantial rainfall
increases.
Another source of data is the observation
done by qualified local people.
One of these is Congressman HARLAN HA-
GEN. He's long been a booster for more
weather modification research. HAGEN has
studied rainfall records from Precipitation
Control Co. and during recent years
has laid much of the legislative groundwork
in Washington that may bear fruit in Senator
THOMAS KtrcHEL's attempt to get more Fed-
eral-research money for local weather modi-
fication firms.
Harry Hardy, operator of Bakersfield Live-
stock Auction, is another leader who thinks
we might be missing a good bet by not sup-
porting more cloud-seeding work.
Hardy is no visionary in his business. He
lives in a world of weights and prices. Here
is his opinion:
"I've watched cloud seeding in Kern Coun-
ty for several. years, and I think it deserves
more than the nickels-and.-dimes support
we've been giving it. I've looked at the
grass in the Bitterwater area othe west
side after clouds have been seeded there, and
it is obviously much better feed than we
would normally expect. I've seen the same
results in the Sierra foothills after cloud
seeding."
Hardy is in a good spot to see firsthand
another of the many economic benefits
claimed for Cloud seeding. As cattle from
all parts of the county have poured through
his busy sales yard, he's noticed this:
"For the past 2 years, the earliest fat dry
cows have come from the areas where cloud
seeding has been done. I'll admit this is
no scientific observation, but it's enough to
convince me that a lot of people ought to
quit laughing at what they Call rainmakers
and give the cloud seeders a fair chance
to show how much they can do."
Hardy Isn't the only working stockman
who has noted interesting results from cloud
seeding. Others report that calves from
ranges in the target areas have weighed
more at weaning time than ever before.
They say this has happened in the past 2
years, the same period that cloud seeding
has taken place in those locations.
Roland Curran, president of the Kern
County Water Agency, has worked for more
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August 17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 19849
west are immune from attack. But there
are stages of escalation in an imagined nu-
clear conflict in which only primary military
targets would be struck. The critical mili-
tary targets are in the heartland.
So it is that the 8,000 residents of Searcy,
Ark., and the 30,000-plus residents of Minot,
N. Dak., may be closer to ground zero than
Washington, D.C., and there are other towns
equally exposed: Salina, Kans., Mountain
Home, Idaho; Wichita, Kans., Great Falls,
Mont.
In fact, the greatest concentration of
hardened-based Minuteman missile launch-
ers-some 600-are in Montana, South Da-
kota, North Dakota, and Missouri.
This is something that people in the heart
of the country do not like to think about or
talk about, but it may be possible that, con-
sciously or subconsciously, their attitudes are
affected by their exposure to ground zero.
In many small colleges in the heart of the
country the feeling against nuclear war or
any kind of war runs strong, as pacifism ran
strong in the 1920's.
U.S. Senators and Members of Congress
from some of these States are the most doubt-
ful about the war in Vietnam: Senator MIKE
MANSFIELD, from Montana; Senator GEORGE
McGovERN, from South Dakota; Senator
FRANK CHURCH, from Idaho; Senator J. W.
FinsaseHT, from Arkansas.
In the early days, those who disagreed
with the isolationist Senators said-they were
truly isolated geographically, and thus had
no appreciation of the stakes and interests
involved. But this is not true any longer.
The interests, in fact the existence, of Idaho,
Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota
would be at stake, while, in one stage of
nuclear escalation, New York City, Chicago,
and Los Angeles might be spared-at least
temporarily.
Yet it is evident that some of the same
currents are running as 30 and 35 years ago,
the same inclination to be isolated from the
war in Asia as from the then oncoming war
in Europe, but perhaps for sounder reasons.
Those who are opposing the further in-
volvement that might lead to a war with
Communist China are not truly isolationists,
but, like the isolationists of the twenties,
they refuse to relate the vital interests of
the United States to events taking place
across a great sea. They deny that there is
any comparability between the interests
which were at stake in Europe and those
which may be at stake in Asia.
It is undoubtedly because these responsi-
ble opponents of President Lyndon B. John-
son's policy think that he has slowed down
that they now have accepted quietly the new
set of conditions on the Vietnam buildup.
They have, in fact, gotten certain con-
cessions to their point of view from the
President, insofar as he abandoned stronger
action which he appeared on the verge of
taking.
matioli, C. Petrus Peterson carved an State senator that he started his campaign
indelible place in the history of his State for the conservation of water and resources,
and Nation. He won the esteem of all a campaign which he carried on in Nebraska
who knew him, and they are legion. and in the Nation for the remaining years
A native of Polk County in east-central of his life.
and
Nebraska, Mr. Peterson was educated at his gift of How great a part his in accam fish
Luther Academy in Wahoo, Nebr., and can only be surmised. played But to see la and hear
m
Augustana College in Rock Island, Ill. C. Petrus Peterson was to remember him.
He earned his law degree from the Unl- The esteem in which he was held was dem-
versity of Nebraska at Lincoln, and in onstrated in June of this year when he was
1946 was awarded an honorary doctor of invited to speak to the 1965 legislature and
laws degree by Augustana. was given a standing ovation by the sena-
Mr. Peterson had made his home at tors. A reporter said of him then, "His
Lincoln, Nebr., since 1911, and he was a white hair testimony to his years, said, his
member of the State house of represent- lleegislature is no a Intended Peterson
to be a b ain
atives 50 years ago. He served two terms trust. It is intended to, be a responsible
in the house and in 1919 became a State group chosen by the people-a system which
senator. While serving as Lincoln City has endured through the years.' 11
attorney he twice was a delegate to con- Mr. Peterson's ethnic and pioneer origins
shaped stitutional conventions, and helped write migrants his life. He was born to Sums. ime
the present Nebraska State constitution. went to a country settled school Polk County. He
In 1941 he was elected to the first of four became an adult did he and only serer he
terms in the Nebraska unicameral leg- cation, first considering the t ministry but
islature, serving as speaker in 1945. finally deciding on law, which gave him great
Long identified with water conserva- opportunity to use his gifts of leadership,
tion and reclamation efforts, Mr. Peter- oratory, and persuasion.
son was a leader in establishing the Ne- As a first-generation American he clung
braska Reclamation Association In 1944 to some of the customs brought from Sweden
tion for 2 years. He later served 4 terms
as president of the National Reclamation
Association, and in the late 19ii0's was
an assistant for reclamation matters to
the then Secretary of the Interior, Fred
A. Seaton of Hastings, Nebr.
His stature among reclamationists of
the country was such that in 1952 Mr.
Peterson was the 13th nominee to the
Reclamation Hall of Fame.
Among the many honors earned by Mr.
Peterson was the Lincoln Kiwanis Club
Distinguished Service Medal, awarded in
1958. Five years earlier, he had received
the highest. nonacademic honor offered
by the University of Nebraska, known as
the Builder Award.
Aside from his many achievements,
Mr. Peterson will be remembered for his
warm personality and keen wit. He will
be _ remembered for his practical ap-
proach to problems, and for his deep con-
cern for his fellow man.
Once, commenting upon his long serv-
ice in the interest of water conservation,
Mr. Peterson was quoted as saying: "No
one who knows what happens to a com-
munity when water is short, who has
planted and cultivated and then seen the
crops die, can ever forget."
In conclusion
Mr
President
I
k
,
.
,
as
So, the voices from the exposed heartland unanimous consent to include as part of
are not going entirely unheard. Whatever my remarks an editorial from the Lin-
the argument between Johnson and the Re- coln Journal for August 13, 1965, en-
publicans on whether or not he was slowed titled "Death of a Great Nebraskan."
down by the. Democratic voices from the
great exposed places, the fact remains that There being no objection, the editorial
Johnson did not go as far as his opponents was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
feared he would. as follows:
DEATH OF A GREAT NEBRASKAN
C. Petrus Peterson w "of " and
DEATH OF HON. C. PETRUS PETER- "for
Nebraska." Because of this
bthe t
t i
,
a
s
SON OF NEBRASKA richer. nomic progress since 1960. The future is
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, Nebraska His dedication was enhanced by his great rich in promise.
talents as a thinker, a doer, and a visionary. The Republic of Gabon is also unusual
mourns the loss of one of its most distin- He used these talents during his years in because it has chosen to follow an atypi-
guished citizens, Hon. C. Petrus Peterson, the two-house and the one-house legisla- cal course in international affairs. It
who died last Thursday, August 12, 1965, tures. To these, he added his political acu-
at the age of 85. men, employing to the fullest "the art of maintains very close ties with France,
Active in civic affairs, an attorney and the possible." One writer called him the believing that fruitful cooperation with
State Ac le ilcivic leader, and nationally and "Great Compromiser," not of principle but the former metropole does not jeopardize
of detail. Its independence. It has chosen not to
recognized for heroic efforts in the in- One of the monuments he built for him- enter into diplomatic relations with any
terest of water conservation and recla- self was his work in reclamation. It was as member of the Sino-Soviet bloc. While
were famous and ever available to his friends.
Early life on a farm gave him an under-
standing of Nebraska and Nebraskans that
served him well in serving Nebraska. In the
death of C. Petrus Peterson, Nebraska has lost
a man who was a delight to know and a
man who left the State a better place be-
cause he had lived in it and loved it.
THE INDEPENDENCE DAY OF GABON
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, this
summer of 1965 holds special significance
for several of the newly independent na-
tions of Africa. Five years ago these
nations sought and achieved their inde-
pendence from France. Among these
nations was the Republic of Gabon,
whose people will celebrate the fifth an-
niversary of the formal declaration of
their independence on August 17.
Gabon is an interesting and unusual
country. Small in size, and with a rela-
tively small population, it possesses im-
mense natural resources. These re-
sources help to explain why Gabon has
always had a favorable balance of trade
and payments. In past years, Gabon
has relied heavily on lumber exports
from its rich equatorial forest. In re-
cent years, vast mineral deposits have
been discovered-iron ore in the north-
east, manganese and uranium in the
southeast, and petroleum fields on the
coast around Port-Gentil. Some of these
resources are already being exploited.
The exploitation of others awaits the
completion of transportation networks
and production facilities. Already, how-
ever, the income from mineral wealth
h
ice--- - ---
r
as unde
r
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19850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 17, 1965
participating in the work of the United a weekly newspaper published in Ron- to Russia or Communist bloc countries.
Nations and many of its specialized aid's home county in South Dakota. Strangely enough, many who oppose
agencies, and while promoting coopera- There being no objection, the report such sales seem to think nothing of sell-
tive ties among African states, Gabon was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ingnsu such co of commodities asingsoybeans redienss to
has nevertheless assigned secondary im- as follows: the major of can portance to a prominent international RONALD ANDERSON, ASTORI, ON THRILLING aamm eanun Yet wheat is extheracted farmfrom soy-
t only
role and primary importance to progress TRIP TA EUROPE .
at home. The people of Gabon have ob- Ronald J. Anderson, of Astoria, is a mem- modity for which there are restrictions ipping ,Aously tbenefited from this order of bher of the oup of oung ans represening every Sta ei and territory on Mr. P esidentt, e uss , on or its satellites.
Ps. of the United States, now in Denmark on a rials I have read on this subject is one
Mr. President, it gives me great pleas- unique international good will project named entitled: "Our Stupid Wheat Policy" in
use to send my greetings to the people e project Diadem. The project was originated the August 16 issue of the Bismarck
of Gabon on the anniversary of their by Lord Mayor Urban Hansen of Copenhagen 16 issue the is
independence, to salute them for their and by Marshall Fredericks, distinguished Tribune I ask published
unbl shed consent to have this
recent achievements, and to wish them Royal Oak, Mich., sculptor.
every success in the future. The party, whose travel in the United editorial inserted in the RECORD as part
States is sponsored by the National Society of my remarks.
for Crippled Children and Adules, is spending There being no objection, the editorial
PROJECT DIADEM 3 weeks in Denmark visiting many points of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
historic and cultural interest as well as as follows:
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, the ism- studying institutions of all kinds relating to ) Tribune,
portance of international exchanges was care and education of the handicapped. Of- [From the BisAug.mrarcc]i 1 (N.D.D:
long ago confirmed as we witnessed the bficial assadore Katherine White a d tmhe . OUR STUPID WHEAT POLICY
tremendous strides being made In gen- mayors of many Danish cities are on the According to W. C. McNamara, chief com-
erating better understanding through schedule, as is luncheon with Princess Ben- misioner of the Canadian Wheat Board,
our various people-to-people programs. edikte at one of Denmark's most famous farmers in Canada now have a market for
Just recently, my home State of South restaurants. every bushel of wheat they can harvest in
Dakota was host to an exchange-type The group is also being entertained in 1965, regardless of the size of their crop.
program in which agriculture extension private homes, at famed Tivoli Park and in a This enviable situation is made possible
leaders from some 40 countries came to score of other places such as institutions for largely by another Russian purchase of Can-
this country to discuss the work and role handicapped children and adults and the adian wheat, a 173 million-bushel deal which
of extension services in helping people forme Prime Minister and other prominent Canada Is to let Russsiiaihave this ec op year
help themselves to the better life. Danish persons. They were guests of honor North Dakota wheatgrowers, their income
Another program, which I would like at the Fourth of July celebration atRebild, drastically reduced by the smaller acreages
to bring to the attention of the Senate, where Mayor Robert Wagner of New York which have been forced upon them, may be
involves a South Dakota lad who has was chief speaker and members of the royal pardoned if they look with some envy
been in Denmark this summer as one of family of Denmark as well as some 40,000 toward their Canadian cousins to the north.
a group of young handicapped Americans Danes were present. If the Russians had, been able to buy as
The following account is from Ronald and much of the same kind of wheat in the
representing every State and territory of recorded directly from Copenhagen, Den- United States as they're buying this year in
the United States. mark: Canada, it would have virtually eliminated
This program is called Project Diadem, I ash embarking on the greatest voyage of the 278 mnllon-bushel carryover of Hard Red
which stands for Disabled Americans' a lifetime. I hope that I can prove myself Spring wheat.
Denmark Meeting. worthy of the honor that has been bestowed No matter how big a crop we raise In North
The project was originated by Lord on me. Some day I hope I can be part of Dakota this year, it wouldn't be nearly big
Mayor Urban Hansen of Copenhagen and making such a trip possible for someone. I enough to fill this one order. But, as it is,
Marshall Fredericks, distinguished have talked to many of the ambassadors and our 1985 crop, estimated at 132 million
by all of them feel as I do about the future. bushels, will add substantially to the already
sculptor of Royal Oak, Mich. We all have this In common: we are all try- large surplus. Because markets open to the
The National Society for Crippled frig to get an education and have high hopes Canadians are closed to us, we keep piling
Children and Adults is cooperating in for a great and secure future. It is a priv- our wheat up in storage and keep on reducing
this significant venture to help further ilege to be traveling with such a group. farm wheat acreages and farmer earning
reduce the barriers to understanding The Danish people gave us a royal recep- power. Canadians expand wheat acreages
among the peoples of the world. tion. I am very impressed by the cleanliness and add to the income Of their wheat farm-
Participating from South Dakota has of the city of Copenhagen and by the tre- ers.
been Ronald Anderson, of Astoria, S. mendous hospitality of the Danish. An important reason for this situation is
Mrs. Fanny Hartmann, Chief of Ministry a Federal order that half of all wheat shipped
Dak. In a recent letter from Ronald, of Social Affairs, gave a very interesting lee- to Russia must be hauled in American ships,
written from Denmark, he wrote : ture about the Government duties and re- whose rates are so much higher eh aut those the
price
AsTORIA, S. DAK. aponsibilities to its people. I believe in a foreign lines that they
DEAR SENATOR MUNDT: I am sincerely en- certain amount of socialized government but business. Here's a shipping subsidy, forced
joying my trip to Denmark. The Danish hoe- wonder if people should have everything the American out of maritwheat ime f Tions's that k is
pitality is more that one could believe. The done for them. being paid
Danish people are truly ambassadors of good Mrs. K. Elkus White, the U.S. Ambassador, because it cuts his wheat income.
Will, gave us a wonderful reception at the Amer- The situation is ridiculous. And North
The ambassadors of the Diadem group hope ican Embassy. I talked to Mr. McGee, our Dakota, which raises the wheat most seri-
that we are spreading as much good will as Ambassador to Germany. which I enjoyed ously in growing surplus, is the chief victim.
the Danish people are. very much. He asked me if I would ever be
I am very proud and honored to be repre- interested in the Foreign Affairs Service.
senting the State of South Dakota. I hope It has its possibilities now that I think about SERGE SAXE WRITES AN ODE AND
that I can ec honor to our State. We had lunch at the Collective House for JACK REYNOLDS A PROSE TRIB-
Respectfully yours, very UTE TO THE MEMORY OF J. FRANK
RONALD ANDERSON. Inthe Disabled In teresting place where partmen s are avail- DOBIE
Mr. President, Ronald's letter demon- able for handicapped people and all the
strates, I believe, the success such ven- treatment and hospital care is under the Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
tures achieve, and, knowing something same roof. But everyone is free to live as nearly 1 year ago, on September 24, 1964,
about this fine young man, I am con- they wish and there are only one-third of J. Frank Dobie passed away, and America
the residents who are handicapped, so they lost one of the great progressive minds.
exten en edecl at he and his companions
good d will t to o for have will be part of a normal community. intellectual giants,, and free thinkers of
America exd an and abundance
truly h u has s brought honor no our time. At the time of his death, many
y o men were inspired to pay tribute to J.
our State as well as to the Nation. OUR WHEAT POLICY Frank were Dobie in writing, because of the
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD a re- Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. emotions he stirred within them, because
port on Ronald's trip as contained in a President, there continues to be con- of the symbol of life and freedom he rep-
recent issue Of the Clear Lake Courier, siderable opposition to selling any wheat resented to them. Money of these trib-
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August 17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 19851
utes were placed in the RECORD by me
shortly after his death, with the unan-
imous consent of the Senate.
The books and writings of J. Frank
Dobie were confined mainly to the life
and lore of the American Southwest, but
his love of nature and love of life knew
no boundaries. His message transcended
all barriers of environment, and reached
men of varying intellectual stature and
levels of society, the rich, and the poor,
the great, and humble minds. He
reached them, because his writings stir-
red a basic response in the hearts of all
men: The love of life and freedom. J.
Frank Dobie saw man as a part of nature,
and thus loathed the disregard and de-
struction of man's natural environment.
Frank Dobie was progressive, intellec-
tually in advance of most of the people
of his time, but he touched a chord of
response in men everywhere. With wis-
dom and wit, he imparted the lore of his
beloved Southwest; but he contributed
as much to the political and governmen-
tal life of his State and Nation as he did
to the world of literature, because he
called out to the hope, freedom, and dig-
nity of man, and people acted in response
to the attitude and emotions he touched.
Now J. Frank Dobie is gone, but men
still pay tribute to him in both poetry
and prose, because of the universality of
his teaching and writing. Two such
tributes are an article by Jack E. Reyn-
olds, a learned book man of Los Angeles,
entitled simply "A Tribute," printed on
pages 9 and 10 in the December 1964
issue of The Branding Iron, a quar-
terly publication of the Los Angeles Cor-
ral of the Westerners; and "Ode to the
Memory of J. Frank Dobie," by Serge
Saxe, the internationally known com-
poser, music critic, and writer. This ode
is printed on pages 90 and 91 of Mr.
Saxe's new book entitled "Universal Pur-
suit: The Creative World of Serge Saxe,"
published by the Texas Quarterly Studies.
These two tributes to the great J.
Frank Dobie are among the finest I have
ever seen, and I ask unanimous consent
to have them printed in the RECORD.
. There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
A TRIBUTE: J. FRANK DOBIE, 1888-1964
(By Jack E. Reynolds)
The literary legacy of J. Frank Dobie, is a
permanent part of the struggle for the con-
tinuity of a free America. Of his many
honors, none was more relevant than the
Presidential Medal of Freedom,' which he
received on September 14, 4 days before his
death. In no lesser degree than his two
friends and compatriots, Roy Bedicheck and
Walter Prescott Webb, Frank Dobie was an
ardent conservationist. The rapacious de-
struction of man's natural environment was
an anathema to him. When he wrote about
the coyote, the longhorn, the mustang, and
his fellow man, he revealed a deep-rooted
faith in free men pursuing their destinies on
a land unspoiled by irretrievable exploita-
tion. The essence of Frank Doble's appeal
for and preservation of "nature's general
glow was expressed in these lines of Gerard
Manley Hopkins:
"What would the world be, once bereft
Of wet and wildness? Let them be left,
O let them be left, wildness and wet,
Long live the weeds and wildness yet."
The books of J. Frank Dobie are mainly
devoted to the region known as the American
Southwest, but his treatment of that region
is never parochial. He once wrote, "Nothing
is too provincial for the regional writer, but
he cannot be provincial-minded toward it,"
and again he said, "Great literature tran-
scends its native land, but none that I
know of ignores its own soil" Texas can
no more claim J. Frank Dobie than Ulm-on-
the-Danube can claim Albert Einstein; their
minds soar beyond political and geographi-
cal boundaries.
The Los Angeles Westerners who were for-
tunate to be present at the dinner meeting
the night Frank Dobie was their honored
guest will not forget his enormous power to
entertain and inform an audience. His very
presence intensified the camaraderi of the
membership and for a few memorable hours
everyone enrolled in Frank's "eat, drink, and
be merry school." The westerners who
brought copies of Frank's books to be auto-
graphed were not disappointed. He in-
scribed them until he had writer's cramp.
Frank had a sincere appreciation for the
loyalty of the collectors of his books, and
he felt his being asked to autograph them
was the highest compliment.
J. Frank Dobie is gone, but the evening
melody of crickets, the fragrance of coffee
boiling over a campfire, the bark of a coyote
on a moonlit night, and the dawn call of a
bobwhite will forever be more meaningful
for those who have listened to this immortal
teller of tales.
He lived, he loved, he interpreted, he left
his tracks in better stuff than sand. Like
those mustangs of "Grecian grace" that his
prose enshrined, J. Frank Doble fought for
freedom, unconfined by prejudice, assuming
nothing, responsible to himself and to his
fellow man. Now he rests in the soil of his
beloved Texas, reminding those who knew
him and who are nourished by his works of
the rudeness of death, the aloneness that
comes when mortality confounds us.
ODE TO THE MEMORY OF J. FRANK DOBIE
Compassion, valor, and a glowing heart,
Never to shrink from conscience-pledged
decision
Was rooted plummet-deep, not to depart
An inch from his domain of mind and vision.
Wisdom and knowledge, sparkling wit and
hope,
And close to nature's mystery and meaning,
Yet from the Nueces River did his scope
Develop into universal regions
Of golden wings of love and cheer for legions.
Vast were the spheres of his exploring mind
But vaster still the range of his humanity.
His tales and yarns were legends of a kind
That brought to life the past from its cap-
tivity,
That Conjured blessings of a sun long set,'
Of western skies and years not vanished yet.
Mustangs and longhorns, San Jacinto corn,
The living and the free, the downtrodden
and forlorn,
They all are players, jubilant and torn.
Oh meteoric light that is no more,
A seer's radiant eye is closed whose beam
Reflected sunlight on the ocean's shore,
His manly grace and laughter but a`dream.
A Texan in England, who was Cambridge's
pride,
He loved his native State, proclaimed its lore.
His was a "pardlike spirit beautiful and
swift"
As Shelley, whom he loved, was able to uplift
His soul in darkened days and make it soar.
What then we ask ourselves in desolation,
Is such life's meaning? Pondering its flame
It burns, undying-although dead. It came
From dawn in Live Oak County to illume
the Nation
In wholesome warmth and deep awareness
of her land,
Of man and beast and every dweller's pride-
And freedom's spirit high, unfettered, like a
ride
Of all the creatures, tameless and unbowed-
It spurns the prison of the mind and loud
Resounds the fanfare of the future, prroomis-
V PIS ADDRESS 4,tO
66TH NATIONAL CONVENTION OF
THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN
WARS
Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, the
66th National Convention of the Vet-
erans of Foreign Wars meeting in
Chicago was fortunate yesterday to have
as their keynote speaker the Vice Presi-
dent of the United States.
I am impressed by the Vice President's
cogent statement of our purposes in
Vietnam and I think others will find his
address well worth reading. In respond-
ing to those who ask "Why do we fight in
Vietnam?" the Vice President para-
phrases Churchill's comment in 1940:
If we left off fighting, you would soon find
out. If aggression succeeds in one part of
this world-
The Vice President asserts-
it will quickly follow elsewhere. If we fail
to stand today, we shall have to stand tomor-
row even closer to home.
I comment the Vice President's address
to all those who sincerely seek an answer
to why we fight in Vietnam. I ask
unanimous consent to have it printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REMARKS BY VICE PRESIDENT HUBERT HUM-
PHREY, VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS, AUGUST
16, 1965
I am honored to deliver the keynote ad-
dress to this 66th National Convention of
the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States.
I am grateful to your commander in chief,
Buck Jenkins, for his kind words of intro-
duction.
President Johnson, before I left Washing-
ton, asked me to convey to you We apprecia-
tion for the good work you have done
throughout the years-and today as well-to
make this a safer and freer world.
I join the President in that message of
appreciation.
You cannot realize how much it means to
your Government to know that there are
strong and brave Americans standing in sup-
port when that support is most needed.
When necessity dictated action in the Gulf
of Tonkin and in the Caribbean your com-
mander in chief telegraphed the President
your firm pledge of support.
A few months ago, during a time of un-
certainty In the Atlantic Alliance, you dem-
onstrated this Nation's commitment to that
Alliance and to NATO when you conferred
your Bernard Baruch Gold Medal on Gen.
Lyman Lemnitzer before representatives of
all NATO nations.
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CONGRESSIONAL ItCORD SENATE August 17, 1965
And then you sent your commander in
chief to southeast Asia to tell the leaders
and the people of that part of the world that
the VFW stood with President Johnson said
the pledges this country had made there.
Buck Jenkins visited, too, our men in uni-
form in southeast Asia. He went to the
Cambodian frontier, to the surrounded base
of Da Nang, to the Marine beachhead at Chu
Lai to tell our men that you were with them.
Today-facing great challenges in the
world and at home-we Americans must
work together in unity. We cannot afford
in this country to give way to animosities
and prejudice and division.
Your leadership in helping to create that
national strength and unity has never been
felt or needed more than today.
But let me get to what is on our minds.
Today in Vietnam we are being tested by
strong and tenacious adversaries. We face
an assault by an enemy organized in detail,
trained in depth, skilled in a strange kind
of warfare we Americans have only begun
to understand. We face an assault by ad-
versaries able to infiltrate thousands of men
across boundaries, to regroup those men Into
disciplined units, to attack weak points and
then to fade away in face of equal or supe-
rior strength. We face an assault by men
who use terror and assassination against
civilians as normal weapons.
We face something else as well: The fact
that the totalitarians feel that time Is on
their side-and their belief that we will in-
evitably tire and withdraw.
Today there are voices raised In this land
which say: "Why are we there? Why do we
fight? Let us pull back to a safer, easier
ply"
To these voices I answer with the words of
Winston Churchill.
in 1910, Churchill was asked "Why does
Britain fight?"'
And Churchill said: "If we left off fighting,
you would soon find out."
In Vietnam, if we left off fighting we would
soon find out.
For Vietnam is the testing ground of that
misnamed "war of national liberation."
(And what a cruel joke this liberation really
Is: Liberation from life, from property, from
justice, from human dignity.)
By this new form of totalitarian aggres-
edon-and that is what it is-our adversaries
seek to demonstrate once and-for all that
peaceful coexistence does not work. They
seek to demonstrate that aggression and
reckless militancy brings victory. They seek
to demonstrate-as Iiitler and Stalin tried
to do-that democracies are weak and fi,lb-
by. They seek to demonstrate that, when
faced with a choice, democracies will eau-ri-
fice small nations to save, even temporarily,
their own hides.
Three Presidents of the United States have
pledged this Nation to the defense of South
Vietnam.
Three Presidents of the United States have
given notice to the Communist aggressors:
The cost of aggression comes too high. You
must leave your neighbors alone.
Make no mistake about it. If aggression
succeeds in one part of this world, it will
quickly follow elsewhere. It we fail to stand
today, we shall have to stand tomorrow even
closer to home.
Let it be known, then, that we will honor
our commitment In Vietnam, just as we
honor our commitments in other parts of the
world.
Now, just what are our objectives In Viet-
nam?
Our first objective is to prove to the Com-
munist essors that free men will not
a
The South Vietnamese army since 1961 has
suffered 25,000 dead and 61,000 wounded-
greater -losses, In proportion to population,
than we suffered in all of World War II; 10
times our losses in the Eorean war.
That South Vietnamese people, last year
alone, lost 438 local officials to assassination,
lost another 1,100 officials to kidnaping and
an unknown fate, lost 11,000 civilians to
murder, kidnaping, and forced labor-but,
in face of intimidation, turned out to vote
in recent elections in far higher percentages
than we usually reach in our own American
elections. A full 67 percent of the South
Vietnamese adults.-under threat of death-
registered to vote. And some 73 percent of
those registered did vote.
Our second objective--once we prove to the
aggressors that aggression will not work-is
to bring a just peace to a land that has gone
too long without peace.
We have made it clear, again and again,
that we are ready to negotiate toward that
just peace.
For, as our President has said, we fear the
meeting room no more than we fear the
battlefield.
No less than 15 times we have offered to
begin discussions. Many nations have
sought to bring the aggressors to the con-
ference table.
But the reply has been "no."
What must we do?
We must continue to resist aggression.
And we must continue to pursue peace.
We must make the aggressors realize that
democracies have learned their lessons well.
We must make them realize that our pa-
tience is greater than theirs and that time
is on our side.
And at the same time we must continue
to recognize that the people of Vietnam, as
people everywhere, must have hope of a
better day. We must continue to do all we
can to help create, in South Vietnam, in
southeast Asia, in all places where man des-
perately hopes for a new tomorrow-we must
help create societies which offer man some-
thing to live and work for.
Let us not forget: The real revolution in
the world today is the revolution which took
flame from our own in America, the revolu-
tion toward opportunity, human dignity,
self-determination, and self-respect.
We are the authors of this world revolu-
tion. It is our obligation, in our strength
and wealth, to give it continued life. And
it is-In. Vietnam, in Europe, in Latin Amer-
ica, in great nations and small-our obliga-
tion to defend it when it is threatened by
ruthless force. And this we shall do.
We are meeting the responsibilities of
leadership, and we are meeting them with
strength and courage.
Strength and courage are what we will
need.
For there is no end in sight to the burdens
we must carry, to the challenges we face.
The American people are a great people.
And greatness is what the times demand.
The American for today and tomorrow
must be, will be, the same restless, adven-
turous citizen as his forebears.
I see him as the son of a rich nation, yet a
person of conscience with a deep concern
for his fellow man.
I see him as one who has defeated the
enemies of freedom, yet extends the hand of
friendship and cooperation to build a new
and better world community.
I see him surrounded by materialism, yet
questioning its value, impatient with things
as they are, but not impetuous in remedy
or judgment.
Strong, but not belligerent.
Bce Willing to debate, but able to decide.
yield to force of arms.
That is why we have strengthened our Yet, the road ahead demands an American
forces in Vietnam. That is why we have Nation fully able to wear the mantle of
Increased our assistance to a brave South leadership.
Vietnamese army and a brave South Viet- And so today we are building here at
namese people. home an America both free and secure--a
nation, under God, truly indivisible with
liberty and justice for all.
And in this task we ask your continued
help: The task of extending opportunity
and justice to all our citizens, the task of
building a vigorous and expanding economy,
the task of forging a nation of free people
able to stand a contest of will with any
totalitarian.
We Americans, too, are devoting ourselves
today to the belief that what we do is not
for our benefit alone, but for the benefit of
all mankind.
And again in this task, too, we ask your
continued help: The task of helping strug-
gling nations into citizenship in the world.
And make no mistake about it, these na-
tions--a full two-thirds of the world-are
targets for those who promise quick and
easy solutions to old and complex problems.
And, finally, in America today we are put-
ting ourselves to the greatest test which
free men face-the willingness to risk our
lives, fortune, and sacred honor on alien soil
to keep a commitment; to resist the aggres-
sor; to restore the peace.
Each man here today has, at one time, put
himself to that same test.
And each man here stood his ground for
his country and for freedom.
The family of man has much to lose to
the takers, the destroyers, the aggressors.
The family of man has much to gain in a
world of peace and opportunity.
There is a time when men must stand in
face of force and those who break the peace.
In the words of our President: "We will
stand in Vietnam."
THE TRAINING OF CONGRESSIONAL
STAFF MEMBERS
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, on July
21, the Senator from Alaska [Mr. BAx.T-
LETT] introduced a bill (S. 2345), of
which I am now a cosponsor, to amend
the Government Employee's Training
Act. This bill, if enacted into law, would
extend to legislative employees the op-
portunity to participate in professional
and career training programs and meet-
ings.
The role played by congressional staffs
in the legislative process has steadily in-
creased in importance over the past
half century. Today, the functions per-
formed by congressional staff members
are absolutely vital to the successful con-
duct of congressional duties.
Given the importance of staff, it Is
imperative that congressional staff mem-
bers be well trained in the techniques
and skills necessary to perform their du-
ties. S. 2345 would enable congressional
staff members to improve and augment
their skills by participating In programs
conducted successfully by various admin-
istrative agencies since 1958.
These programs cover a number of
training areas. Of particular value to
congressional staff members would be
the clerical and technical skills train-
ing; training in administration, man-
agement, and supervision; and executive
development.
Another benefit that congressional
staff members would derive from the bill
is the opportunity to participate in the
2-week interagency conferences which
have been so successful in upgrading the
professional and managerial competence
of the civil service. Participation in
these conferences would give congres-
sional employees a valuable opportunity
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his car. "All I want is to get out of here," mously approve tabling recommendation as
he said. subject out of jurisdiction of this committee.
The air was charged with shouts of "Watch H.B. 5269: Recreation and fish; and
it." "Get back." Obscenities shrieked S.B. 1229: Wildlife benefits. Motion, Price,
against police and whites in general, and the California; second, Swearingen, Texas.
police, ambulance, and fire sirens wailed con- Unanimously endorse theory of legislation
stantly. in this field but not this specific bill.
The firehouse trucks, answering nine false S.B. 98: Preservation of shoreline areas,
alarms, were also pelted with bottles. Motion, Young, Maine; second, Sawyer, New
At midnight the rioting, which had begun Hampshire. Unanimous endorsement and
in full force about 8:30 p.m., was still out of encourage passage and accelerated action.
control. Police had sealed off a four-block Swearingen, Texas, initiated discussion of
section of Pulaski Road, but new looting and State participation with Bureau of Outdoor
bottle throwing broke out near the busy Recreation; Ohio, Washington, and Cali-
Eisenhower Expressway. fornia discuss programs of those States.
The Reverend Patrick J. McPolin, a Roman Motion by Coy, Ohio; second Swearingen,
Catholic police chaplain, described last Texas, and unanimously approved that-
night's fighting with police the worst he had 1. National office, N.R. & H. Congress to
seen in his 20 year's experience. to provide promptly copy of minutes of this
THE RIVERS AND HARBORS CON-
GRESS RECREATION COMMITTEE
REPORTS
(Mr. EDMONDSON asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I
have the privilege of serving as chair-
man of the Committee on Recreation
and Wildlife of the National Rivers and
Harbors Congress.
This committee met during the annual
convention of the National Rivers and
Harbors Congress here in Washington in
June and discussed a number of vital
subjects of interest to sportsmen, and to
all Americans who use the outdoors for
recreation. I believe the views of this
committee, whose members come from
many States in the Union, ranging from
the east to the west coast, are of interest
to all Americans, and place the complete
committee report in the RECORD at this
point:
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON RECREATION
AND WILDLIFE AT THE 52D NATIONAL CON-
VENTION OF THE NATIONAL RIVERS & HAR-
BORS CONGRESS
Meeting called to order by Mr. Richard
H. White, Jr., assistant to Congressman ED
EDMONDSON, of Oklahoma, as the Represent-
ative was detained by legislative action.
Cochairman Hodges, Florida, was not pres-
ent to assume chairmanship.
Motion by Coy, Ohio, seconded by Price,
California; approved, electing Leigh E. Eisen-
hauser, Ohio, temporary chairman.
Thereupon L. Bennett Coy, Ohio, was ap-
pointed acting secretary.
The chairman then presented in order the
following congressional bills for comment,
consideration and/or action by the com-
mittee:
H.R. 5169: Tocks Island National Recrea-
tion Area. Motion by Voight, Pennsylvania;
second, Sawyer, New Hampshire. Unani-
mously approved and encourage acceleration
of project.
H.R. 23: Anadromous fish. Motion by
Critchfield, Washington; second by Swear-
ingen, Texas. Unanimously approved bill.
Encourage passage thereof.
H.R. 1111: Coordinated natural resources
planning on national level.
S.B. 21: Companion bill. Motion, Price,
California; second, Voight, Pennsylvania.
Unanimously approved, recommend passage.
H.B. 3988: Federal water pollution.
S.B. 4: Control act amendments. Motion
Price, California; second, Critchfield, Wash-
ington. Unanimously endorse principle
contained in bills but neither approved as
presently constituted.
S.B. 560: Clean Air Act. Motion, Voight,
Pennsylvania; second, Young, Maine. Unani-
meeting to all participants as listed later in
these minutes.
2. Participants are to be polled concerning
agenda for next year's (1966) meeting.
3. Copies of agenda for next year's (1966)
agenda to be mailed to all participants of
this meeting.
Central Arizona project and other western
regional projects were discussed and on mo-
tion of Price, California; second by Critch-
field, Washington, committee unanimously
endorsed consideration and, where prac-
ticable, inclusion of recreation and wildlife
features in studies leading to development
of above projects.
Motion by Frost, Ohio, second by Critch-
field, Washington, unanimously approved to
encourage review of funding of Small Boat
Harbors of Refuge by the Corps of Engi-
neers and Bureau of Budget to eliminate in-
consistencies in administration.
The following individuals, representing
their several States, participated:
Leigh E. Eisenhauer, delegate, Ohio.
Reg Price, delegate, California.
Col. Donald A. Young, delegate, Maine.
Carroll Swearingen, delegate, Texas.
E. L. Bussey, delegate, Pennsylvania.
F. J. Jeffers, delegate, Maryland.
Valein A. Gisclair, delegate, Louisiana.
Wilmer J. Michel, delegate, Louisiana.
Dorothy H. Veon, delegate, Pennsylvania.
Robert C. Sawyer, delegate, New Hamp-
shire.
J. Ray Heath, delegate, Washington.
Larry Hall, delegate, Washington.
C. Truett Smith, delegate, Texas.
Otto Wettstein, III, delegate, Florida.
Victor R. Schmidt, Jr., delegate, Texas.
W. Swearingen, delegate, Texas.
E. R. Dieckmann, delegate, Ohio.
H. W. Groth, delegate, Ohio.
L. Bennett Coy, delegate, Ohio.
Hays Arnold, delegate, Georgia.
Chester A. May, Jr., delegate, Georgia.
S. L. Frost, delegate, Ohio.
Ney C. Landrum, delegate, Florida.
Wm. Voight, Jr., delegate, Pennsylvania.
P. T. Lagrone, delegate, Mississippi.
B. M. Davis, advisory committee, Alabama.
C. R. Gutermuth, delegate, District of Co-
lumbia.
There being no further business the meet-
ing was, on motion, adjourned.
LEIGH E. EISENHAUER,
Acting Chairman.
L. BENNETT Coy,
INTERNATIebfAt PEACEK) PING
FORCE IN SOUTH VIETNAM
(Mr. HALPERN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, in a let-
ter of July 24, I urged the President to
direct our Ambassador to the United
Nations to call upon the General Assem-
bly to dispatch an international peace-
keeping force to South Vietnam, to patrol
the borders of that beleagured nation,
and put an end to the infiltration of men
and materiel. The force could also se-
cure areas of relative safety, where the
civilian population might find refuge and
succor from the scourge of war.
I would like to point out that the bar-
riers which barred our taking this path
to peace were lowered yesterday by the
new policy announced by Ambassador
Goldberg. For, in stating that we would
not insist upon the application of article
19, we made possible the normal func-
tioning of the U.N., and at the same time,
reaffirmed the clear legal right of the
General Assembly to provide for the
maintenance of peace and security by
dispatching peacekeeping forces. This
was the essence of the controversy, and
on this point we stood firm.
Now that this first vital step has been
taken, I strongly urge the President to
continue to strengthen the U.N., by giv-
ing it this opportunity to secure and pre-
serve peace in southeast Asia.
SUPPORT FOR BANK MERGER
LEGISLATION
(Mr. MONAGAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, the
House Banking and Currency Committee
is currently conducting hearings on the
bank merger bill, S. 1698, which is iden-
tical to my bill, H.R. 9457.
The Meriden, Conn., Journal in its edi-
tion of August 11, 1965, carried an edi-
torial which points up the importance of
this legislation in removing the threat
which has hung over merged banks as a
hazard to the banks themselves, to their
investors, to their customers and, partic-
ularly, to thousands of depositors in mu-
tual savings banks. I believe this edi-
torial should be shared with my col-
leagues and with permission to extend
my remarks I include this article for the
RECORD:
[From the Meriden Journal, Aug. 11, 1965]
BANK MERGER LEGISLATION
Hearings are scheduled to start today be-
fore the House Banking and Currency Com-
mittee on a Senate-passed bill (S. 1698) af-
fecting bank mergers. H.R. 9457, a compan-
ion measure Introduced in the House by
Representative JonN S. MONIGAN of the Fifth
District, will also be heard by the committee
headed by Representative WRIGHT PATMAN.
Bankers throughout the country are much
interested in the proposed legislation. Its
passage would expedite five big bank mer-
gers, and would relieve the anxiety of banks
which have merged since 1950-2,200 of
them, with assets totaling more than $15
billion.
Federal courts, in several cases between
1962 and 1965 have held certain mergers
consummated pursuant to the Bank Merger
Act of 1960 to be in violation of antitrust
laws.
The statute of 1960 gave jurisdiction over
bank mergers to the Federal Reserve Board,
the Comptroller of the Currency, and the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, de-
pending on whether the newly created bank
operated under a State or a national charter.
It was generally understood to exempt bank
mergers from antitrust laws. Lyndon B.
Johnson, then Senator, said in 1960 that the
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19989
where and, Indeed, the rapid rise of crime were injured in the riots there. The estim- should know better. Gov. Edmund G. Brown,
generally. ated damage to private property exceeds of California, says the riots actually were
In any event, a principal lesson 'is that the $100 million. Serious riots_ also occurred instigated by organized gaggs.
most far-reaching legislation and all the at- in other big cities such as Chicago, and The responsibility now rests with the Pres-
tention-getting, purportedly peaceful dem- looting has been a sequel to almost all the ident and the Congress and the Governors of
onstrations cannot alone solve the funda- disturbances. the States, as well as mayors of all cities,
mental problems. The studies all show It, With troops of the California National to make clear again and again to the people
Portions of the Negro community are on a Guard called out, and National Guardsmen who do not understand such things that the
treadmill of illegitimacy, crime, and Isola- on duty also In Chicago, in an effort by the right to demonstrate does not mean there is
tion from the values of the society. States to assist the local police, there is be- a license to create disorder or to stimulate
The high Negro birth rate alone Is cause ginning to be a resemblance to the military the criminal elements who loot stores, set
for pessimism. It canmean that for every rule which was directed against the South fires and attack innocent bystanders.
individual who can be helped on the road to a century ago but which this time affects There certainly needs to be a moratorium
achievement, two others may be caught on all sections of the country. on all kinds of street demonstrations until
the treadmill. In the face of such circum- The causes of all these outbursts cannot the authorities in Government can restore
stances, a voting rights act appears almost as be oversimplified as attributable merely to law and order while at the same time tackling
as Irrelevancy. race consciousness or to the effects of dis- the deeply rooted causes of unrest, especially
It Is utterly unjust? in our opinion, today crimination. The trouble goes deeper. It in employment and education.
the blame for these conditions exclusively at has to do with the impulses to crime that the door of the white man. We may well grow out of Idleness, unemployment, and [From the Washington Star, Aug. 14, 19651
curse the day that white immigrants to the listening to those impassioned speakers and
United States imported and held slaves; we demonstrators who preach nonviolence but
cannot, century after century, nourish a themselves practice what amounts to an
guilt complex for ancestral evil. Unless, that incitement to violence.
is, we are prepared to accept the impossible But this is not the whole story. The truth
proposition that we living today are guilty is American cities are becoming more and
for every cruelty perpetrated throughout the more congested as population grows by
eons of human existence. leaps and bounds. America has not really
Moreover, the individual's responsibility come to grips as yet with the problems grow-
far his own life is fundamental to a free, in;, out of constant unemployment among
civilized society. Other ethnic or national the unskilled and uneducated masses.
groups have come to these shores, some It happens that most of those persons en-
hardly better than as slaves and most the gaged in the riots of the last few days as
victims of prejudice and exploitation at well as other disorders in recent months are
first; a great many of them nonetheless pros- Negroes-but the crime wave in the United
pored through initiative and frugality. While States is not limited to interracial conflict.
it is true that a black skin makes a special Even here in the National Capital, where the
difference from the others, this phenomenon Negro population is in the majority, the at-
crf nature is becoming less and less a con- tacks on Negroes by Negroes are increasing
alderation in the rewards of citizenship, em- In number.
ployment policies, and social relations. So the answer doesn't lie in more oratory
Not everyone, black, white, or whatever, on the subject of civil rights. What is
can make out In this Or any other country. needed is more knowledge about the impor-
There are poor whites, whites with made- tance of obeying local ordinances and the
quote intelligence or motivation, in Harlem, laws that are designed to preserve order,
the South, and Los Angeles; conversely the This is where the Negro leaders could become
roster of successful Negroes is a long one. more active.
The glory of America is that, because oppor- In the last few days, for instance, many
tunity exists for the individual, more people of the better educated and the sensible lead-
of all kinds have achieved the good things of ere among the Negro groups have tried des-
llife than anywhere else in the world today or perately in Los Angeles, Chicago, and else-
,at any time in history. where to try to persuade the mobs to dis-
But if the Negro people as a group are to perse. But they have not been too effect-
find significant improvement in the years tive. For, once a match lights the fires of
ahead, they cannot rely entirely or even race hatred over any episode, however, tri-
mainly on the white majority. The white v'.al, it is hard to extinguish the flames that
community is trying to help, is going far more spread so rapidly.
than half way to meet the Negro, and yet in Maybe the outbreaks in the big cities were
the end the Negro must do much more for inevitable, but the effects of what many
himself. Negro leaders said when they preached civil
That means in particular, we think, that disobedience cannot be ignored. Many white
the civil rights leadership should turn from clergymen, too---befuddled by their desire
its spectacular displays and occasional and instinct to be helpful, yet really una-
rabble-rousing and devote itself to a far ware of, if not untutored in, the funda-
greater degree to Negro Individuals, Negro mentals of law-have kept on arguing that it
children, Negro families; to education in the is morally right to disobey what an indi-
home and group as well as in the school. We vidual may decide for himself is an "unjust"
refuse to believe that considerable progress law.
would be unattainable once more Negroes These clergymen unwittingly have been
acted on the realization that further ad- advocating rebellion and revolution. They
vancement requires a determined effort on rationalize this by saying it is something
their own part. that our forefathers did at the Boston Tea
Hoodlums, it is said, set off the Los Angeles Party or that the Scriptures recorded in an-
race war, which is still being waged as these cient times.
words are written. Hoodlumism, we may be But it's one thing to engage in revolution
sure, will be put down. Meantime the gang- against a tyrannical regime, and it is quite
sters and all the rest of us are, in part at another to disobey laws and written ordi-
least, rapping the whirlwind of a long sowing nances which any citizen, joined by his fellew
of needless bitterness, dissension, and con- citizens, can seek in proper ways to modify
tempt for order and common decency. or repeal under a constitutional system. For
n
b 11i d
[From the Washington Star, Aug. 16, 10651
A TRAGIC TIME IN U.S. HISTORY
(By David Lawrence)
This certainly is a tragic time in Amer
ican history. Will it be like the worrisome
era of Reconstruction which followed the
War between the States?
More than 30 persons were killed in the
last few days in Los Angeles, and hundreds
e
redress Is available, and It can e o a
through legal processes rather than by force.
As long as pickets can engage in violent
demonstrations at the White House or at the
Capitol here or in municipal buildings and
yet not meet wtih emphatic and vehement
reproof from the Negro leaders themselves,
such examples indicate to less educated per-
sons that mob action is permissible and
;justified. They easily become tools of ex-
remists, who are often educated persons and
SCORES HURT IN VIOLENCE IN WEST SIDE
CHICAGO
straight night in a West Side neighborhood
last night with about 150 policemen en-
gaged in a wild battle with several hundred
Negroes.
Police reported 18 policemen and 47 civil-
ians, most of them Negroes, were injured in
the brick throwing and fighting. Police ar-
rested 100 persons, most of them on charges
of disorderly conduct.
Police continued to patrol the district dur-
ing the early morning hours and the situa-
tion appeared eased.
Police battled the angry mob up and down
an eight-block stretch of Pulaski Road in the
Garfield Park district. The rioters, some on
rooftops, hurled missiles out of the darkness.
LOOTING ERUPTS
Windows in scores of stores were smashed
and police reported much looting.
Last night's fighting started after hun-
dreds of Negroes came to the scene of Thurs-
day night's disturbance for a civil rights
demonstration. The fighting erupted into a
full-scale riot after Robert Wiens, 25, a white
policeman on his way to work in civilian
clothes, was attacked and slashed by a group
of Negroes.
A mob had gathered at a fire station
Thursday night after a .20-year-old woman
was accidentally killed. The woman, Dessle
Mae Williams, was crushed by a falling traffic
sign which was toppled from its moorings by
a hook and ladder fire truck responding to a
false-alarm fire. Three firemen were sus-
pended. Seventeen Negro firemen were as-
signed to the fire station in an effort to fore-
stall further demonstrations.
Last night's civil rights rally was In pro-
test of the Negro woman's death and alleged
lack of integration in the fire department.
But Lawrence Landry, spokesman for a
civil rights group, ACT, told the group that
"You live in leaky little houses infested by
rats."
Some Negroes in the crowd began chant-
ing: "Revenge." "Fight" and "Let's kill
'em."
Suddenly, about 200 Negroes came stream-
ing down the street after Wiens.
"I was driving through the street and this
guy was blocking my car," Wiens said be-
fore being taken to a hospital. "I got out
and chased him." The burly policeman's
head was covered with blood.
WHITE YOUTHS BEATEN
As darkness fell more than 500 persons
milled throughout the district. Bottles and
bricks flew wildly, injuring police and by-
standers. Several white youths passing
through the area were assaulted with base-
ball bats. An empty police squad car was
overturned and set on fire.
Windows of cars driven by 'whites were
shattered by beer bottles. A white cab-
driver, dazed and bleeding, stumbled out of
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APP,ENDL-Xf Z tpust,17, 19 65
Governor Hughes, while disagreeing with
the professorial "prejudices and opinions"
enunciated, reminded alarmed critics that
the "security of the Nation * * * Is intended
to protect the basic principles of the Ameri-
can system and these include freedom of de-
bate as well as academic freedom."
Just what is "academic freedom"? Tradi-
tionally it is described as the freedom of
scholars to direct their search for truth and
to report the results of their findings. Those
who feel that many more incompetent peo-
ple are kept on faculty payrolls in the name
of academic freedom, than are dismissed in
violation of it contend that the modern def-
inition seems to maintain the right to say
what one thinks without thinking what one
says.
However, after serious study of the benefits
and drawbacks of an unfettered freedom in
academe many have agreed that the costs
and dangers of suppressing ideas will always
be greater than the real or the fancied risks
of permitting their expression. The encour-
aging of independence and originality of
thought is a source of educational strength.
Controversy cannot be outlawed in our
universities. Rather it nnust be presented
there in the citadel of learning to guarantee
the most reasoned argumentation, considera-
tion, and conclusion by a free citizenry de-
termining governmental action.
While there cannot be rights without ob-
ligations, neither can there be obligations
without rights. Here do we discover the dis-
tinction between open and closed societies.
A mature man insists upon freedom that he
might thereby exercise responsibility.
The official catalog of the archdiocesan
university includes this sentence: "Seton
Hall takes a positive attitude toward the
traditional American concern for liberty un-
der law. Thus it is that she defends an aca-
wdemic freedom which respects the common
good, the inviolable dignity of each person,
and equality of opportunity for all."
Those among us who are disturbed by
teach-ins might reflect upon these words of
Justice Brandeis written decades ago: "If
there be time to expose through discussion
the falsehoods and fallacies, to avert the evil
by the processes of education, the remedy to
be applied is more speech, not enforced
silence."
The Freedom Academy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STROM THURMOND
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, on
July 30, radio station WOKE, in Charles-
ton, S.C., broadcast an editorial by its
able president and general manager,
Harry C. Weaver, on the Freedom Acad-
emy bill now pending in Congress. I ask
unanimous consent that the text of this
editorial be printed in the Appendix of
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[A WOKE radio editorial, July 30, 19651
CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL OF THE FREEDOM
ACADEMY BILL Is NOW A POSSIBILITY
(By Harry C. Weaver, president and general
manager, WOKE, Charleston, S.C.)
Six years ago, during the 80th Congress a
proposal was made by Congressman A. SYD-
NEY HERLONG, of Leesburg, Fla., that a Fed-
eral agency be established to be known as
Freedom Commission and Freedom Academy.
On July 20, 1965 the House Committee on
Un-American Activities, to which the Free-
dom Academy bill was referred, gave its
unanimous approval of the final bill with
some amendments, reported it out to the
Committee of the Whole House and recom-
mended that the Freedom Academy bill, as
amended, be passed by the U.S. House of
Representatives.
What is the purpose and objectives of the
Freedom Commission and the Freedom
Academy?
The formation of such an agency could
be a most significant step forward in our
land of freedom after so many years of
hard endeavor to enact a comprehensive
nonmilitary program for the United States
and the free world in the global struggle
against the swelling tide of communism.
The purpose and objectives of the Freedom
Commission and Freedom Academy would be
to conduct research to develop an integrated
body of operational knowledge in the po-
litical, psychological, economic, technolog-
ical, and organizational areas to increase the
nonmilitary capabilities of the United States
and other nations in the world struggle be-
tween freedom and communism; to educate
and train Government personnel'and private
citizens to understand and implement this
Federal body of knowledge; and to provide
education and training for foreign students
in these areas of knowledge under appropri-
ate condtions. There is a crying need in our
country today for such an institution as the
Freedom Academy "to assist in the develop-
ment of methods and means employable in
both the governmental and private sectors
to counter all forms of Communist political
warfare, subversion, and insurgency, while
seeking to preserve and build free and viable
societies."
The companion bill to Congressman HER-
LONG'S House legislation was introduced into
the U.S. Senate by Senator KARL E. MUNDT,
of South Dakota, 2 months later in 1959 and
finally passed the Senate on August 31, 1960.
There was no opportunity for action on the
House bill for Congress adjourned 1 day
later. The present Senate bill (S. 1232) was
introduced by Senator MUNDT and cospon-
sored by 11 other Senators. Senator MUNDT
is very optimistic that with the unanimous
vote of the House Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities will come serious considera-
tion for early action by the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee. It Is Senator KARL
MtTNDT's conviction that the findings of the
House committee sound anew the warning
that we Americans cannot depend only upon
military defenses in the cold war effort to
preserve freedom. The Senator from South
Dakota was greatly impressed with the House
committee's six major points in its conten-
tion that "if this country and other non-
Communist nations are to realize their full
capacity to engage in the type of global
struggle which has been forced upon them
it is essential that a thoroughgoing pro-
gram of research, education, and training in
the area of Communist political warfare be
established."
In preparing ourselves for psychological
warfare with the enemies of freedom, we
can better meet the Communist challenge
if we know what the challenge is all about.
We are yielding ground to communism which
we need not yield if we have in hand a com-
plete understanding of the most effective
and appropriate methods for advancing free-
dom's cause. We of WOKE feel that such
an anti-Communist agency as the Freedom
Commission and the Freedom Academy would
greatly benefit the cause of freedom through
proper education of uninformed American
citizens, We urge the people of the low
country to write our two Senators and six
Congressmen in Washington and urge their
support and influence with other Senators
and Congressmen for passage of this Sen-
ate and House Freedom Academy bill.
V-JDay an Our F' ting en in ietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LYNN E. STALBAUM
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. STALBAUM. Mr. Speaker, my es-
teemed colleague, Representative CLEM-
ENT J. ZABLOCKI, second highest ranking
member of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee, and chairman of the House
Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Far
East and Pacific, recently gave an ana-
lytical firsthand report on the accom-
plishments and objectives of America's
fighting men in Vietnam. He gave this
presentation on August 13 to the Allied
Veterans Council joint observance of
V-J Day at Milwaukee where the theme
fittingly was: "A Tribute to Our Fighting
Men in Vietnam."
The close and accurate knowledge that
Congressman ZABLOCKI has of the free
world committment against the spread
of communism is of such great import to
all Americans that I take exceptional
pleasure in inserting into the Appendix
his worthwhile address to the council,
which is composed of 15 veterans organi-
zations in Milwaukee County.
The address follows:
V-J DAY AND OUR FIGHTING MEN IN
VIETNAM
(Speech of Hon. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI at the
Allied Veterans Council V-J Day Cere-
monies, Milwaukee, Wis., Friday, Aug. 13,
1965)
It is indeed a privilege and an honor to
have bee nasked by the Allied Veterans Coun-
cil of Greater Milwaukee to participate in the
events of this evening,
These V-J Day observances, sponsored by
the council, have become an important an-
nual event in our community. They have
reminded us of the sacrifices which so many
made in World War II in order that we might
enjoy freedom and prosperity in our great
land.
The Allied Veteran's Council is particularly
to be commended for having dedicated this
evening's program to the American fighting
men in Vietnam.
It is entirely fitting as we observe the
20th anniversary of the victory over Japan
and the end of World War II, that we pay
tribute to those who are fighting and dying
to preserve freedom against Communist ag-
gression in southeast Asia.
This occasion also affords an excellent op-
portunity to make certain meaningful com-
parisons between World War II and the pres-
ent conflict in Vietnam.
Many of us recall the protests which ac-
companied increasing American involvement
in World War II before Pearl Harbor. Each
attempt by the Roosevelt administration to
strengthen the Nation's defenses and assist
our traditional Allies in Western Europe was
met with criticism. Mother's marches and
peace demonstrations were organized in an
attempt to dissuade the military buildup
which later proved not only neccessary but
vital to the security interests of our Nation.
In 1939 and 1940 it was fashionable in
some quarters to say: "I didn't raise my boy
to be a soldier." Others quoted President
George Washington's advice about avoiding
foreign entanglements.
Who were these peace-at-any-price advo-
cates For the most part they were well-
intentioned, genuinely concerned individ-
uals. They lacked, however, any real appre-
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August 17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A4577
And as one person explained it, neither (louse about the ignorant partnership of of most of the objections, but whether it
oi the planes on order, the medium-range the Federal Government and the State will or not is uncertain.
DIRKsEN was quoted, after he failed by
Boeing 727 three-engine jet or the short et, of Arizona in keeping gambling illegal seven votes to get the required two-thirds in
medium range Douglas DC-9 two-engine jet, in Arizona thus making gambling's the Senate, as saying:
would appear to be the total answer for lucrative profits available to finance the "Several Members sneaked up on my blind
the region.
The Boeing ship, of course, isn't meant for needs of the crime syndicates. side and said they would like to give me a
short-haul operations. And the Dc-9, al- Last year, the parimutuel turnover in vote, and that something may develop that
though designed for local service, or regional Arizona came to $22 million. More sig- they could."
An absolute requirement that there be a
routes, possibly won't be able to operate nificant-and more menacing-is A11- reapportionment of both branches of every
land airp out of most of the r New theastEng- zona's illegal gambling, which makes State legislature every 10 years, to take ac-
land airports now served by Nor. Arizona parimutuels look puny. Testi- count of the census, is a feature of the re-
shorter Thirteen than of 5,000 these feet, the airports ,r have minimum m figure runways mony before the McClellan committee vised Dirksen amendment. It would have to
he
being used for the DC-9, and limited pas- indicated that off-track betting comes be approved by both branches, and then by
senger yields at such fields would not justify to about $50 billion annually throughout the voters of the State in referendum, if one
the spending of large sums for runway the Nation, with this figure accounting branch were apportioned on any basis other
expansion. for only some 42 percent of the national than population.
Then, again, the DC--9 ordered by North- Senator DuocsEN stresses the thought in
annual illegal gambling total, which advocating the foregoing that it puts in the
east isn't a "small" jet in any sense, even would thus be $120 billion. On a popu- hands of the voters of a given State the final
though it can operate on route segments as
short as 100 miles. lotion basis, illegal gambling in Arizona decision as to whether the plan should be
It is a plane that will seat up to 115 pas- would come to about $1 billion a year. adopted. It is hard to see how even the
sengers-and thus hardly suited to the light The mob cuts itself 10 percent of the "knee-jerk liberals" can find. any plausible
traffic loads of the so-called antra-New Eng- illegal gambling take, which means that objection to that-but they probably will.
land network. Undoubtedly, however, it will Arizona could be an as much as $100- There is always the possibility that if this
be utilized on some of the more heavily million desert treasure trove for the syn- method of writing an amendment to curb
traveled, and longer routes. the one-man, one-vote principle fails, two-
If the analysis is correct, where will this dicates. Government-run gambling thirds of the State legislatures will petition
leave the rest of New England? would siphon these moneys from mob Congress to call a constitutional convention.
Well for one thing, Northeast has not said treasuries, putting gambling revenues to Such a convention would not be limited,
that the DC-9, is the complete answer to work at public rather than criminal and, as Senator HVGH SCOTT of Pennsylvania
better New England service. tasks. puts it, this might really open up a "bucket
Furthermore, it seems likely that the car- The best way to make gambling work of eels."
rier has additional aircraft purchases in for the public good-since it is basically Either 22 Or 23 of the required 34 States,
:mind, planes better suited to the majority including Virginia, have already petitioned
of the New England communities it serves. ineradicable-is a national or series of for such a constitutional convention, ac-
The concern about regional air service Is state lotteries. If the State of Arizona cording to a study made by the Library of
understandable, particularly in the areas would wake up to social and financial Congress for Senator A. WILLIS ROBERTSON.
north of Boston. reality, it would legalize, regulate, and Many, including Senator ROBERTSON, doubt,
But Northeast has found its financial control gambling so that the gambling however, if the needed 34 State legislatures
legs--or should it be wings-in spectacular urge of the people of Arizona could be will ever sign the petition. The possibility
fashion. made to benefit the people rather than that they might do so was held over the Sen-
STRONG FEELING OF OPTIMISM buttress the mob. ate's recent deliberations, in the hope of get-
And in view of the vitality being shown ting Senate approval for the Dirksen amend-
by its new owners, it isn't surprising to ment.
sense a strong feeling of optimism emerg- But the prospect that a convention called
ing about the future of New England air Legislative Reapportionment by petition of the States would be wide open,
service. and hence free to rewrite the entire Consti-
The New England air market has been tution, may well prevent any such conven-
permitted to wither. But It is ripe for Bevel- EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion from ever being brought together.
opmeiit, in the opinion of many, and the of So it appears that if the one-man, one-vote
new look at Northeast may give it its chance principle is to be modified--and it certainly
for growth. HON. A. WILLIS ROBERTSON should be--the best hope of action is
Obviously, it is in Northeast's interests, OF VIRGINIA through the rejiggered Dirksen amendment.
as part of its effort to keep the Florida route, l:N THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
to give solid service wherever it operates,
whether to Montreal, New York, Miami, Bur- Tuesday, August 17, 1965
lington, Bangor or Berlin. Academic Freedom
A $100 million airplane order would appear Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
to be as good a sign as any that Northeast, ask unanimous consent to have printed
all but down and out a few short months ago, in the Appendix of the RECORD an edi- EXTENSION OF REMARKS
is making the kind of dramatic comeback torial from the August 16, 1965, issue of of
that will benefit all the areas it serves, in- the Richmond Times-Dispatch, entitled HON. EDWARD J. FATTEN
cluding New England. "Rejiggered Dirksen Amendment."
PS. A reminder that Northeast is helping of NEW JERSEY
.the Jimmy Fund, too, by offering three scenic There being no objection, the editorial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
flights out of Logan Airport each Saturday was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
afternoon in August. as follows: Tuesday, August .17, 1965
Tickets-for contributions of $5 or more- REJIGGERED DIRKSEN AMENDMENT Mr. FATTEN. Mr. Speaker, in New
t e ea airport', at a first cot ticket offices, or at Senator DIRKSEN's determination to get Jersey many of our leaders have a prob-
on come-first serve basis, through Congress a constitutional amend-
o Saturdays. a first . meat modifying the drastic one-man, one- lem involving the remarks of a professor
vote ruling the U.S. Supreme Court on legis- which many of us feel very distasteful
~~--
lative reapportionment, is commendable. and repugnant to our beliefs and I was
Federal Government and Arizona: Whether he can succeed in securing the impressed by an editorial in the Advocate
adoption of this revised version is debatable. on academic freedom I thought my col-
Partners in Crime and Vice Even if he manages to obtain the neces- leagues would like to read.
sary two-thirds' majority in the Senate, de- The editorial follows:
EXTENSION OF REMARKS spite the threatened filibuster by "liberals"- (Pram the Advocate, July 22, 19651
OF who consider the filibuster an instrument of
n Beelzebub when used by anybody but them- ACADEMIC FREEDOM-I
HON. PAUL A. FINO selves-he will have to get a two-thirds' vote In our democracy, free and open discus-
in the House. Then three-fourths of the Sion is essential to assure mature action.
or NEW YORK - State legislatures will have to ratify. Thus administration policy in military mat-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES All this is extremely difficult, given the ters is enthusiastically supported by some
Tuesday, August 17, 1965 amount of pressure that has been applied and energetically questioned by others. An
against the Dirksen amendment, especially instance was the vigorous exception to ad-
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I by civil rights and labor organizations, Mr. ministration policy in Vietnam taken by a
would like to tell the Members of this DIRKSEN's revised version should take care Rutgers professor.
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August .17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
A4579
ciation of the menace represented by Nazism, These young men are the flower and the lets are testing in Vietnam is overcome, then
Fascism, and Japanese militarism. promise of our Nation. We do not wish to see it can be defeated everywhere in the world."
Further, many were deluded by the de- their blood shed on foreign shores. Nor It is in this sense, then, that South Viet-
liberate efforts of fifth-columnists among our do these brave men wish to die. But they nam represents a real test for our Nation, a
own people. These Included the Commu- realize, as some other Americans fail to, that challenge perhaps as important as that we
nists who had'teamed up with the Fascists the presence of American troops in Vietnam met and surmounted in World War II. It
after the Hitler-Stalin pact of 1939. Is necessary to the security of our own coun- islnertest of the e and de rmil ination of Communhe withstan Today we read of, and see, demonstrations try. aggression wpeopl herever and however it may apt
against U.S. participation in the war in Viet- All of you, I am sure, are aware of the ared this week at pear. We must not, we cannot, we will not,
---
nom wW are ~i,--
World War ar II. the Titan missile installation in Arkansas.
The slogans have been updated, of course. In a very real sense the 53 men who lost their
Now they read "Get out of Vietnam," and lives in that accident, though civilians, died
"Stop the bombing." Critics of the adminis- in the defense of our country.
tration's policy have tried to create an at- Those 53 deaths were more than 10 percent
mosphere of defeatism. Some claim that of the total number of American soldiers
antiguerrilla actions cannot be successful killed in Vietnam since the conflict began.
and that Communist-inspired insurgency is Surely, responsible judgment would not dic-
bound to win. The facts are, of course, that tate that we discontinue or curtail our mis-
Communist guerrillas have been defeated in sile program because of this or other military
Greece, in the Philippines and in Malaya. accidents.
Mistaken as they often are, I believe that In the same way, the fact that Americans
most of those who advocate our withdrawal have been killed In the line of duty in Viet-
from Vietnam are sincere. They have for- nam should not stampede us into with-
gotten, or refuse to remember, the principal drawal. We will continue to place the high-
lesson taught by World War II. That lesson est value on each human life. We shall try
is that if aggression is left unchecked, the to insure to the extent possible the safety
aggressors grow more bold and antagonistic. and security of our troops. But, firm in the
Just as the Nazis were guilty of aggression belief that our cause is just and right, we
against Poland and Czechoslovakia in 1939, must never abandon our efforts simply be-
and 'the Japanese against the Philippines in cause casualties occur.
1941, so also has North Vietnam been the ag- As you know, I have been in Vietnam and
gressor against its neighbor to the south. have had the opportunity to talk to some
The Communist regime in Hanoi has di- of the American soldiers on the scene. Their
rected-in large measure controlled-the ac- high morale, their sense of purpose, is truly
tivities of the Vietcong guerrillas. The hard something to behold,
core of the Communist forces attacking The service and dedication of these men
South Vietnam are men trained in North has been the one continuing bright spot in
Vietnam. what all too often has been a dismal picture.
These key personnel, many of whom have Their positive attitude has been a source of
never seen South Vietnam before, are in- inspiration to the Vietnamese with whom
filtrated into the Republic of Vietnam to they deal, and to our American civilian of-
become the leaders and cadres of the Viet- ficials as well.
cong forces. Fifty thousand such persons We can be truly proud of our fighting men
have been infiltrated since 1960. in Vietnam, just as we are proud of those who
There also is clear proof that Hanoi has fought to defend freedom and restore peace
supplied the guerrilla forces with weapons, in World War II, the Korean conflict, and our
ammunition, and equipment. Nation's other wars.
I three battalions of regular In my opening remarks I recalled the mis-
t
fail the test. For upon the outcome of the
struggle in Vietnam hangs the future course
of world events. If the United States even-
tually can bring peace and security to South
Vietnam, we will have increased greatly the
chances for peace and security elsewhere in
the world.
With peace and security, and freedom from
internal and external Communist harass-
ment, can come the kind of world which we
believed we had won on V-J Day, 1945,
Twenty years of conflict and strife have
proven how cruelly false were our hope.
Yet, with the hope that sustains humanity,
we look to the future. A new generation,
epitomized by our fighting men in Vietnam,
has joined us in the struggle against tyranny
and injustice.
We must not, we cannot, we will not
-succumb to Communist aggression, For
then we would fail to keep faith not only
with the brave men who have defended our
Nation in past wars, but also with those
who are today fighting tyranny and aggres-
sion in Vietnam and other trouble spots in
the world.
Let us pray that, with Divine Guidance,
we may soon reach an era of peace and
prosperity, not only for ourselves but for all
mankind.
The Cost of Government-Nothing Is Free
EXTENSION OF
OF
HON. STROM THURMOND
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
Beaufort, S.C., Gazette for Thursday,
August 12, 1965, carried a most percep-
tive editorial.. This editorial, entitled
"Nothing Is Free," makes a point which
is all too often completely overlooked by
both Members of Congress and other
individuals in our country in advocating
specific pieces of legislation. The point
is that the Central Government does not
earn income of its own. All the money
that it distributes to the States and to the
people of the States must come from the
people, and before the money can be
distributed by the Government, the cost
of operating the Government must be
deducted.
The American people need to be re-
minded of this fact more often. I ask
unanimous consent that this editorial
be printed in the appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ays
in recen
North Vietnamese troops have been identified guided pacifist efforts that preceded World
in the fighting in the central highlands re- War II. Now let us speculate what might
gion of South Vietnam. have happened had our Nation's leaders lis-
Those guerrillas were not the barefoot, tened to those voices of appeasement.
pajama-clad, lightly armed peasants we often Today the NazisI probably would be ruling
have seen in newsphotos. These men are all of Europe and much of Africa. The Jap-
outfitted in completely military fashion, anese would be the supreme power in Asia,
They wear uniforms helmets and boots. They ruling both China and India with an iron
exhibit military discipline and are organized hand.
to engage in unit-sized clashes with govern- We Americans would be an embattled mi-
ment troops. nority, with probably only Canada and the
If the direct role of Hanoi in the Vietnam Nations of Latin America as allies. Fortress
conflict ever was in question, this infiltra- America-which many advocated in 1939-
tion of entire military units should dispel all would be a weak fortress under siege.
doubt. Communist China also has played a With the benefit of hindsight we can be
role in this struggle by aiding and abetting truly grateful that President Roosevelt and
North Vietnam. other American leaders saw the danger and
Our Nation, as World
and War II, is meeting were not moved to the disastrous course ad-
this aggression with asrc. vocated by the isolationists of,the 1930's.
to call In the same way, I believe that a genera-
American The United troops t tpso has Vietnasentm and more plans s to call
for 45,000 additional men to be landed there tion from now the American people will be
in the near future. The United States has grateful that President Johnson and his
committed our airpower to unceasing bomb- advisers have disregarded the criticism of
ing of strategic military targets in North the neo-isolationists of the 1960's.
Vietnam, as long as the Communist aggres- For our policy of firmness in the face of
sion persists. aggression has implications which are tre-
The United States is spending more than mendous and transcend Vietnam.
a million dollars a day to supply and equip Many other lands in other under-devel-
the forces of South Vietnam, on whom the oped areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America
principal burden of this war rests. also are threatened with the danger of
The United States has successfully per- guerrilla insurgency. The future of these
suaded many of our allies to assist in this nations is linked with the outcome in South
e than 30 nations have Vietnam and southeast Asia.
M
d
or
om.
fight for free
responded by providing aid to South Viet- The Communists have readily admitted
nam, including units of fighting forces, that Vietnam represents an important test
Our efforts to contain communism in situation for insurgency and revoltuion. For
southeast Asia have not been without sacri- example, the top North Vietnamese general,
floe. Several hundred American boys have General Giap, recently said:
been killed. Others have been wounded. "South Vietnam is the model of the na-
Undoubtedly there will be still further casu- tional liberation movement of our time-If
alties in the future. the special warfare that the U.S. imperial-
NOTHING IS FREE
"Johnson Signs $7.5-Billion Omnibus
Housing Bill," "Anti-Poverty Bill Enacted,"
"Medicare Bill Passes," "Income Taxes Re-
duced," "Operation Head-Start Gets Under-
way," "Social Security Benefits Increased."
Name it and you have probably seen the
headlines indicating that Uncle Sam has
taken another step to assure the people of
America that nothing Is too good for them
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A4580
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 17, 1965
and that nothing costs too much to be out
of reach.
Looking over the voting records of the
past several national elections, most people
in America apparently sanction big govern-
ment's spending and desire more and more
of it.
They apparently believe the Government
gets Its money out of thin air, or from
some mysterious source that has little to do
with themselves.
They should know that the money the
Federal Government spends must ultimate-
ly come from the people, though all too often
it seems this fact is either overlooked or
ignored.
About the only reason we can fathom
for this type of thinking Is the fact that
except for income and property levies, most
of the taxes we pay are hidden. Everything
we buy, from an article so small as a loaf
of bread to one so large as an automobile
carries a multitude of taxes levied at the
raw material, manufacturing, processing,
transporting, retailing and other levels. And
those taxes, whether we know it or not, must;
be paid by the consumer.
These facts should be known to everyone,
but they tend to become lost in the face of
the widespread belief that Government
"gives" us things. The truth is that Govern-
ment can "give" nothing. It can only take
the money from the people, now or on some
future date, to pay the costs-and also
enough must be added to pay the adminis-
trative and bureaucratic overhead. These
costs alone are frightening.
Remember this truism-nothing material
is free-government least of all.
This expensive activity can be justified with-
in the company by reductions in unemploy-
ment compensation rates based on exper-
ience. Such incentive would be removed by
the proposed legislation with the adverse so-
cial effects, which would be inevitable.
This legislation proposes to escalate costs
significantly. Accompanied, by other legisla-
tion recently approved and now pending the
combined effect is well known to be inflation-
ary. The prospect of more inflation would
not be particularly disturbing if it were ac-
companied by a prospect for increased pro-
ductivity. Such legislation, however, in gen-
eral, and H.R. 8282 in particular, would have
the effect of decreasing productivity for rea-
sons similar to those above explained. This,
then, produces the inflationary effect of In-
creased costs in its most destructive form.
Power and Water
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. JAMES A. BURKE
OF MASSACHIISET'rS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, under the
distinguished leadership of the Honor-
able ROBERT E. JONES, of Alabama, chair-
man of the House Public Works Com-
mittee, that committee has held public
Adverse Effects of High Rates of Unem-
ployment Compensation
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD H. POFF
OF VIRGINIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Edward
H. Lane, chairman of the board of the
Lane Co., Inc., of Altavista, Va., and a
distinguished constituent, has asked me
to insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
statements he made concerning legisla-
tion pending before Committee on Ways
and Means. Acknowledging his con-
stitutional right to petition the Congress,
and with the unanimous consent of the
House, I quota the same herewith:
The proposed legislation would provide
high rates of unemployment compensation
for relatively long periods of time based on
relatively short periods of employment. Our
area of Virginia has been able to avoid lack
of employment opportunity as a contribu-
tor to poverty. Our knowledge of employ-
ment phenomenon in this area makes it pos-
sible to foresee intentional unemployment as
a result of such legislation. In this area the
legislation would produce an adverse social
effect.
Flat costs of employers for unemployment
benefits would remove incentives which em-
ployers presently have to minimize dismissals
for unsatisfactory services. Organized and
constant effort in supervisory training to
produce the skills and willingness of super-
visors to improve performance of their
workers has resulted in a minimum turnover
for unsatisfactory work. It has created eco-
nomic producers out of Americans who would
otherwise have become charges on the State.
a $227 million hydroelectric power proj-
ect in northern Maine on the Upper St.
John River at sites 289 and 300 miles
above the mouth of the river.
I believe two editorials which appeared
in the Quincy, Mass., Patriot Ledger on
July 19, 1965, and on July 22, 1965, are
very timely in relation to hydroelectric
systems versus nuclear powerplants. I
submit the editorials as follow for the
edification of the Members of the U.S.
Quincy (Mass.) Patriot Ledger,
July 19, 1965]
POWER AND WATER
Does it make any sense for the Federal
Government to put a huge, extravagant power
project in the wilds of Maine?
Washington seems to think so, as it con-
tinues to come up with proposals for hydro-
electric projects in northern Maine.
While President Johnson last week ex-
pressed concern over the "urgent water prob-
lem" in New England, the Government's
desire for a hydroelectric plant completely
overlooks the possibilities of a New England
project that could provide power for the
region and add to our water supplies by
desalinization of sea water, both through
nuclear energy.
The dreamed-of Passamaquoddy Bay tidal
power plant-under discussion for four
decades-now has been laid to rest for
the time being. Even Secretary of the In-
terior Stwewart L. Udall now concedes that
the `Quoddy plan he recommended in 1963
now is no longer economically feasible.
Instead, the Government now proposes a
$227 million hydroelectric power project in
northern Maine at the Lincoln School-Dickey
site just above the confluence of the St.
John and Allagash Rivers. Secretary Udall
claims the plan would not flood the Allagash
River, thus preserving one of the Nation's
few remaining wild river areas, and would
provide cheap power for all of New England.
This action is not unexpected. In fact
.for some ti 'me now New England utility in-
terests have suspected that the Government
was introducing the 'Quoddy project as a
straw man, with the intention of introducing
a smaller scaled hydroelectric plant in the
Dickey site once the critics had demolished
the 'Quoddy proposals.
The latest recommendation is far less am-
bitious than the billion-dollar 'Quoddy plan.
But it is still open to some of the objections
raised against 'Quoddy.
In the nuclear age it seems incredible that
the Government wants to put a hydroelectric
plant so far from New England's population
centers. This means, of course, that if New
England is to benefit from power generated
on the St. John River, transmission lines will
have to be strung for hundreds of miles.
This seems obviously uneconomic when
the costs of electricity produced by nuclear
plants have been dropping steadily and are
not far from being cheaper than convention-
ally produced power. And nuclear power-
plants have proven to be safe enough for
location near centers of population.
For example, Commonwealth Edison Co. in
Chicago is now building the Nation's largest
atomic power station. The 700,000-kilowatt;
unit is estimated to cost $76 million. Com-
pare that with the Government's St. John.
River proposal of a 794,000-kilowatt unit;
costing $227 million.
The new nuclear plant is expected to gen-
erate and deliver power to the Chicago area
at a cost of 5 to 10 percent lower than Com-
monwealth Edison's new conventional units
under construction.
Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, Chairman of the
Atomic Energy Commission, has predicted
that large nuclear powerplants (more than
500,000 kilowatts) probably will be able to
produce electricity costing about 4 to 5 mills
per kilowatt-hour and lower. Secretary
Udall says power from the St. John River
project could be delivered to preference cus-
tomers in Maine for 7 to 8 mills per kilowatt
hour. What.. the cost would be to other
New England customers, for instance in Bos-
ton, is unclear.
But at any rate, by the time the St. John
River project could be completed it might be
utterly obsolete because of advances in nu-
clear power technology.
Also to be considered is the possibility of
a dual-purpose atomic plant, producing
power and purifying sea water for consump-
tion.
Dr. Seaborg, in a copyrighted interview in
U.S. News & World Report, says: "We are
particularly interested in the so-called dual-
purpose reactors-that is, reactors that pro-
duce electricity and at the same time use
the waste heat, which would otherwise be
dissipated, to desalt water. * * * By the
1980's we expect that there will be huge
dual-purpose reactors * * * reactors that
would be developing a thousand mega-
watts-that is, a million kilowatts-of elec-
tricity, or more, and perhaps desalting water
to the extent of 500 million gallons a day."
Such a plant would be ideal for. New Eng-
land, of course, which is waking up to the
fact that its water supplies are inadequate.
The Government's interest in a big,,public
hydroelectric project down east seems to
make less and less sense when viewed against
the potentialities of nuclear power. While
the Government has cited the benefits of
low-cost power as a boon to New England
industry and as a way of stimulating the
economy of depressed northern Maine, un-
fortunately it has not shown the same solici-
tude for New England by continuing unrea-
sonable quotas on imports of residual fuel
oil which force power companies to pay
more for this fuel used in generating elec-
tricity.
Instead of concentrating its studies on
Maine rivers and bays, the Government
should turn its attention to what nuclear
power could do for the region.
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August 17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
[From the Quincy (Mass.) Patriot Ledger,
July 22, 1965]
A BOLD PLAN
New York State is taking a bold step for-
ward in ordering the construction of a
triple-purpose nuclear plant on Long Island.
The primary function of the plant will be
to desalt water. But it will also produce
power and high-energy radioactive isotopes.
!The plant, expecting to cost about $4.25 mil-
lion, will be located on the northern prong
of eastern Long Island, between Riverhead
and Mattituck.
Scheduled to go into operation in 1968,
the plant would be the Nation's first nuclear-
powered desalinization facility, and the first
triple-purpose nuclear plant.
The high-energy radioactive isotopes will
be sold for industrial and medical uses, and
along with the sale of water and electricity
is expected to pay for the construction and
operating costs of the plant. The manu-
facture of isotopes, in this case a byproduct
of the other uses of the Long Island plant,
occupies an important place in the Nation's
economy and will become increasingly im-
portant as more uses and more users of
these atomic byproducts develop.
New York hopes to sell fresh water from
the project to the Riverhead Water District
at an astounding/ low price for desalted
water. The prices are expected to be 35
cents a thousand gallons the first year, in-
creasing to 45 cents per thousand gallons
in the 11th year.
If this turns out to be the price, the plant
would represent a major breakthrough in
the attempt to make .desalting economical.
Only little more than a decade ago, in 1952,
the cost of converting sea water varied from
$4 to $5 a thousand gallons. Now the cost
is estimated at about $1 to $1.25, based on
operations of two demonstration plants at
San Diego, Calif., and Freeport, Tex., each
designed to turn out a million gallons of
fresh water a day-the same as the Long
Island plant.
The Riverhead plant would be a small
operation, producing only about 2,500 kilo-
watts of electricity in addition to the fresh
water through a form of distillation. U.S.
Government officials in the Department of
the Interior and the Atomic Energy com-
mission foresee large-scale nuclear-powered
projects, producing as much as 500 million
gallons of fresh water a day and with a
power capacity of a million kilowatts. With
the development of giant multipurpose nu-
clear plants, it is felt, will come lower pro
duction costs for both sea water conversion
and power generation.
While New York undertakes its pioneering
effort, the U.S. Government seems to be back
in the middle ages of power generation with
its plans to construct large-scale public hy-
droelectric plants in northern Maine. As
we commented earlier this week, the most
recent plan from Washington to build a $227
million hydroelectric project on the St. John
River in Maine totally ignores the prospects
for dual-purpose nuclear-powered facilities.
Instead of going ahead with its St. John
River proposal, the Government should in-
stead study the potentialities of nuclear
power for New England. New York is show-
ing the way.
National Drum Corps Week
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON, PAUL A. FIND.
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, August 15-22
is National Drum Corps Week. The drum
corps movement is a crisp example of
how purposefully today's youth can oc-
cupy themselves.
Not only is drum corps activity bene-
ficially disciplinary to participating
youth, but it can be said that the color-
ful blade of the martial musical pageant-
ry is representative of an emerging new
art form. Drum corps activity is thus
productive in many ways, and those par-
ticipating in it are to be commended.
Drum corps activity has grown in
scope so that a million or so teenagers
are involved in its activities. There are
an increasing number of pageants and
drum corps championships these days.
In 1963, there was, for the first time, a
world open championship for drum
corps. We can proudly say that as an
art form, a discipline and as a sport,
drum corps activity is rapidly growing
throughout the United States.
A4581
Asked about this development, a Congress-
man on the House Armed Services Committee
said that he has been asked by the Pentagon
to say nothing about the briefing or the pos-
sibility that we accidentally may have
bombed our men in the hands of the North
Vietnamese.
Military experts hold that it is unlikely
that prisoners would be kept near missile
bases for security reasons. (Prisoners might
escape and cause damage.) However, there
is the theory that for an unscrupulous en-
emy, surrounding a missile base with prison-
ers might be an ideal way to protect it from
air attack. Our reluctance to bomb North
Vietnamese missile sites for fear of killing
Soviet technicians is well known.
OUR HEAVY LOSS
If true, this latest allegation would com-
pound the already tragic aspects of this par-
ticular bombing raid. During the mission,
three of our bombers were brought down by
groundfire; two F-105's collided in midair
on the way home; another plane is missing.
The principal target may not have been
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT DOLE
OF.KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
? Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, since the
July 27 raid by U.S. planes, supposedly
against two SAM sites near Hanoi, we
have had nothing but conflicting in-
formation out of the administration
about what really happened. We have
heard that our planes hit decoy sites set
up to lure them off the real targets. We
have heard that they not only missed
the sites entirely but bombed barracks
in the area housing prisoners of war.
Now, United Features Syndicate Col-
umnist Don Maclean reports that some
of our own men-captives of the North
Vietnamese-may have been killed by
American bombs on that raid.
I think it is high time that President
Johnson set the record straight for the
American people-not only on what hap-
pened on that missile site raid but on
what is really going on in Vietnam.
Under unanimous consent I insert the
Maclean column in the RECORD and com-
mend its reading to the Members of this
body.
The text of the column follows:
QUESTIONS AFTER MISSILE RAID: DID WE BOMB
OUR OWN PRISONERS?
(By Don Maclean)
Some of our own men-captives of the
North Vietnamese--may have been killed by
American bombs in the recent controversial
raid on the SAM missile sites near Hanoi.
This, according to one source, is what the
Defense Department has been hoping to
cover up while discussing the July 27 attack.
Since the bombing, there has been much
speculation in the press, leading to a recent
secret briefing of certain Congressmen by
Pentagon officers. First inkling that we may
slave bombed American and South Viet-
namese held as prisoners of war, came during
a question and answer period during this
briefing.
POSSIBILITY
The Pentagon officers reportedly admitted
only that it was a possibility since a num-
ber of barracks close to the Hanoi missile
base were destroyed,
sites. Also, the Pentagon has refused to con-
firm whether our planes bombed dummy
sites, meant to draw attack away from the
real ones.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JACK EDWARDS
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr.
Speaker, in our State we place higher
education far up on the list of priorities
for continuing advancement. The peo-
ple of Alabama have long felt the im-
portance of providing quality higher
education for its young people.
One of our higher education institu-
tions of which we are proud is Mobile
College, one of the State's newest, and
growing facilities.
Following are some items of interest
about Mobile College:
ABOUT MOBILE COLLEGE
Mobile College is a Christian college of
liberal arts and sciences. Chartered in 1961,
it is the first senior college to be established
in the State of Alabama during the last 57
years and is sponsored by the Alabama Bap-
tist State Convention.
Mobile College is a new venture in higher
learning and is the creation of a people of
Christian vision.
The beautiful 400-acre campus is located
about 10 miles from downtown Mobile on
College Parkway. The campus site is being
developed and four buildings have been com-
pleted. The administrative-classroom build-
ing was completed in 1963 and houses the
administrative and faculty offices, the class-
rooms, the science laboratories, the center
for programed instruction, the library, a
teaching auditorium, the bookstore, and a
snack shop. These handsome facilities make
possible many innovations in the learning
program of the college.
Dormitories for men and women and a
student lounge and dining hall were com-
pleted in September 1964. The two dor-
mitories and the one-story student lounge
and dining hall are connected with covered
Walkways. All of the facilities are air con-
ditioned. Both dormitories have double
rooms with adjoining baths.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 17, 1965
Mobile College is Christian in its design
and perspective. It wants its students to
find maximum understanding of the reality
of God and the Christian way of life.
Mobile College is composed of three divi-
sions and one department: the division of
humanities, the division of natural science,
the division of social science, and the de-
partment of health, physical education, and
recreation.
The college offers the bachelor of arts de-
gree in the following areas: art, economics
and business administration, English, his-
tory, modern foreign languages (including
French, German:, and Spanish), music, phi-
losophy, political science, psychology, reli-
gion, speech and dramatic arts, sociology and
anthropology, and health, physical educa-
tion, and recreation. Mobile College offers
the bachelor of science degree in the fol-
lowing areas: biology, chemistry, mathe-
matics, and physics.
The preparation of elementary and sec-
ondary schoolteachers Is a major function.
of the college, and an attractive program
of professional education has been planned
for prospective teachers.
The college makes available preprofes-
sional programs in medicine, dentistry, en-
gineering, medical technology, nursing, law,
and the ministry.
The Memory of the Late Gracie Pfost
Progress of the Negro Lawyer Under
President Johnson
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BARRATT O'HARA
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
by unanimous consent, I am extending
my remarks to include the report of the
Committee on Judiciary of the National
Bar Association as given by its chairman,
Edward B. Toles, eminent Chicago at-
torney, at the 40th Annual Convention
at New Orleans.
The report follows:
THE NEGRO LAWYER, A SECOND RECONSTRUC-
TION-To FULFILL THESE RIGHTS
(By Edward B. Toles)
Since the last annual report of the Judici-
ary Committee, August 19, 1964, "The Negro
Lawyer in Crisis," the contributions of
President Lyndon B. Johnson to the profes-
sional advancement of Negro lawyers have
made tremendous progress in the fulfillment
of rights previously denied Negro citizens
and Negro lawyers.
No Chief Executive in the history of the
Presidency has taken a stronger stand for
human equality regardless of races and
peoples than has President Johnson. In the
matter of Federal appointments to Negro
HON. D. R. (BILLY) MATTHEWS lawyers, this past year, since our 39th an-
nual convention at Baltimore was without
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 12, 1965
Mr. MATTHEWS. Mr. Speaker, I
join with my colleagues in expressing
sadness because of the passing of our
former colleague, the Honorable Gracie
Pfost, of Idaho. Mrs. Pfost and I came
to Congress during the same year, and I
esteemed her most highly. She was
faithful to her constituents, hard work-
ing, and loyal to her friends. I partici-
pated in the funeral services here in
Washington, and should like to print
here in the RECORD the opening prayer
that I gave on that occasion:
0 Lord our God, how excellent is Thy
name in all the earth, who bast set Thy
glory above the heavens. In Thee do we put
our trust, for God so loved the world that
He gave His only begotten Son that whoso-
ever believeth in Him should not perish but
have everlasting life.
We thank Thee for the life of our silent
friend and colleague. Because of her, many
lives have been fortified with hope and faith.
Because of her, America, our fatherland, Is
a more beautiful temple of groves and
streams.
She has been blessed by the privilege of
great service.
Abide, 0 God, with her loved ones, her
friends, and all for whom she labored so
valiantly.
With joy Into Thy loving hands we com-
mend her this day, with the blessed assur-
ance that in our Father's house are many
mansions and He has promised to be with
us forever.
Hear our prayer in the name of Thy Son,
our Lord. Amen.
I express to her family my deepest
sympathy, and I join Gracie Pfost's
many friends in saying that our lives
have beenennobled because of our asso-
ciations with her.
precedent in American history.
Notably prominent were these Presidential
appointments: First Negro U.S. Solicitor
General; two Negro U.S. district court judges
for the District of Columbia; first Negro
district court judge to the U.S. District
Court for the Eastern District of Pennsyl-
vania at Philadelphia; first Negro Associate
Counsel to the President on the White House
Staff; a Negro legal assistant on the White
House Staff in charge of personnel; first
Negro Woman Ambassador to a foreign state
and country; first Negro member of a Na-
tional Crime Commission; first Negro woman
member and vice chairman of the District
of Columbia Crime Commission; a Negro
judge of the Juvenile Court of the District
of Columbia; a Negro lawyer member of the
two Negro members of the Equal Employment
Opportunity Comission: a Negro Executive
Director of the President's Council on Equal
Opportunity; a general counsel of the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission and
legal staff members of other Federal agencies.
Negro lawyers may well expect shortly
more judicial and administrative appoint-
ments. The President in a ringing declara-
tion against prejudice and discriminaton at
Howard University's Commencement, June 4,
1965, said:
"Freedom is the right to share, share fully
and equally in American society, to vote, to
hold a job, to enter a public place, to go to
school. It is the right to be treated in every
part of our national life as a person equal
in dignity and promise to all others. But
freedom is not enough " * ". We seek not
just freedom but opportunity. We seek not
just legal equity but human ability. Not
just equality as a right and a theory but
equality as a fact and equality as a result."
The President further pledged "to help
the American Negro fulfill these rights which
after the long time of injustice he is finally
about to secure, to move beyond opportu-
nity to achievement, to shatter forever not
only the barriers of law and public practice
but the walls which bound the condition
of man by the color of his skin," The Presi-
dent stated that this would "be a chief goal
of his Administration and of his program.
next year and in the years to come."
Even while the Nation is preoccupied with.
critical war disturbances abroad, the Presi-
dent solemnly reiterated his pledge to the
Negro and at his July 28 press conference
on Vietnam in his momentous address to the
Nation intoned these blunt, direct and elo-
quent words:
"Now, I am President. It Is my oppor-
tunity to help every child get an education.,
to help every Negro and every American citi-
zen have an equal opportunity, to help every
family get a decent home, and to help bring
healing to the sick and dignity to the old."
To date, the President has originated
under his own administration, major ap-
pointments to Negro lawyers never before
dreamed of by them as being remotely pos-'
sible. Some of these new legal positions are
the following held for the first time by
Negro lawyers:
Judge Thurgood Marshall, U.S. Solicitor
General: presently judge of U.S. Circuit
Court of Appeals, 2d Circuit (appointed Sep- -
tember 23, 1961; recess appointment, October
5, 1961; Senate confirmation, September 14,
1962). On July 13, 1965, President Johnson
nominated Judge Marshall to be U.S. Solicitor
General. Because of the importance of this
appointment and the significance to Negro
lawyers, your committee has selected com-
ments from the press concerning the ap-
pointment and approval by a Senate judici-
ary subcommittee on July 29, just 16 days
after nomination by the President. The
Senate must give final confirmation and
usually follows committee recommenda-
tions.
The Chicago Tribune, July 29, stated:
"A Senate judiciary subcommittee heard
20 minutes of testimony by Thurgood Mar-
shall today and unanimously recommended
approval of his nomination to be the Na-
tion's Solicitor General. Subcommittee
Chairman QUENTIN N. BURDICK, Democrat, of
North Dakota, and Senator JACOB K. JAVITS,
Republican, of New York, were the only
members present. Marshall, a Federal cir-
cuit judge since 1962, told the Senators
that if confirmed he will represent for Gov-
ernment fairly and impartially in arguing
cases before the Supreme Court. Taking
note of Marshall's 23 years as attorney for
the National Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People, JAVrrs asked the
Negro judge if he would have any difficulty
in advocating the Government position in
civil rights cases, whatever it happens to be.
'No, not in the least,' Marshall replied."
Newsweek, July 26, 1965, said:
"Barred as a Negro from Maryland Univer-
sity Law School, Marshall took his degree
with top honors at Washington's Howard
University and in 1935, on behalf of another
Negropersuaded a court to scuttle Maryland
University's lily-white admissions policy.
From 1936 on, as top lawyer for the NAACP,
Marshall won countless civil rights cases, in-
cluding 29 of 32 argued before the U.S. Su-
preme Court, and-a reputation that President
Kennedy acknowledged by appointing him a
Federal judge in 1961. Last week President
Johnson took note of Marshall's prowess and
named him Solicitor General-the man who
represents the United States before the Su-
preme Court. Judge Marshall will succeed
professorial Archibald Cox, who is resign-
ing to return to the Harvard University fac-
ulty after serving 4 years in the post, third-
ranking in the Department of Justice. Mar-
shall, 57, is the first Negro to be appointed co
Justice's top echelon. To accept the new
post, Marshall will resign his lifetime ap-
pointment to the Federal appeals bench in
New York-and take a $4,500 a year salary
cut, from $33,000 to $28,500. His acceptance
of a salary cut and his willingness to relin-
quish life tenure for a job of uncertain dura-
tion generated understandable puzzlement.
Marshall himself admitted the choice was a
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Approved For CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 67APPENDIX 30013001 ugust 17, 1965
age, at Bartow. Opened only this April, the
Hermitage (not to be confused with another
inn of the same name at Petersburg, in Grant
County) offers 8 single rooms and 12 doubles
and the only modern restaurant in the area.
Around Marlinton, about 40 miles away,
are several new, modern, motels. Or, those
who plan to visit Cass might consider stay-
ing overnight in or near Elkins, which has
many motels and hotels to fit all budgets.
I have found the trip from Elkins to Bar-
tow, and thence to Cass, a fast, pleasant,
scenic drive, leaving U.S. 219 at Huttonsville
and taking U.S. 250 through the hills until
it intersects West Virginia 28 between Thorn-
wood and Boyer.
Suicide Cave, or Cass Cave, a spectacular
cavern with an internal waterfall 100 feet
high, has not yet been opened to the public.
No work, in fact, appears to have been done
on this natural tourist attraction, although
private capital is said to be interested. One
of the landowners, according to rumors
around Cass, is being difficult.
On the railroad itself, there are now three
Shay engines in operating condition. And
the bullhorn that Train Guide W. E. Black-
hurst formerly used has been replaced by a
more efficient loudspeaker system. It would
be a good idea for arrangements to be made
to protect train passengers from sudden
summer showers., You might carry a rain-
coat, just in case.
And bring along a sweater or light coat.
The summer sun is hot at Cass, but the air
can get cool during mornings and evenings.
A free word of advice to the department
of natural resources, or anyone else at Cass:
Put up highway signs giving the location of
the Cass Scenic Railroad, and how to get
there. Make these signs big, make them ex-
plicit, and place them on all major highway
approaches.
If you are running a business that depends
upon highway trade, it is wise to assume
that all tourists have poor eyesight, no mem-
ories, and don't read Epglish well. You'll
be wrong, of course, but it's better to be
theoretically poor and practically right than
the other way around.
Nos. 7 and 28 is being moved about a mile
south of its present location.
This involves building one and three-tenths
miles of new highway, and the jobs should
be done by this fall. It is to be hoped that
the State road commission will also repave
the remaining 4 or 5 miles of the road to
Cass.
The ARA grant of $576,000 was finally ap-
proved, and State parks officials say that
bids on the railroad work will be received
August 17. It is probable, however, that no
major work will be done until next spring.
What will be done with the ARA grant?
First, the Cass Scenic Railroad will be ex-
fended 4 miles, to the top of Bald Knob, or
nearly so. This will make the ride twice as
long as at present, although there will still
be a stop at Whittaker, the place on the
mountain where the run now- ends.
The section of railroad that now exists
will be improved. Railroad shops on the line
near Cass will be renovated and probably
opened for tourist inspection. These shops,
which have complete tools and facilities for
steam locomotive repair, are curiosities in
themselves, with particular appeal to railroad
enthusiasts.
At the end of the line atop Bald Knob,
hiking trails will be prepared through a
beautiful spruce forest, and an overlook will
be constructed. The panorama from this
overlook, which I have seen, is destined to
become known as a beauty sport of the East.
At the present terminus, a plateau on the
side of the mountain, about 40 acres of land
will be acquired by the State, if all goes
well. At present, riders of the Cass Scenic
Railroad disembark and may, if they wish,
frolic or picnic on and around part of a
12-mile, 60-foot right-of-way now owned by
the State. There will be toilets and picnic
areas at the top of Bald Knob and also at
the lower stop.
Ultimately, Cass enthusiasts dream of a
lodge, ski trails and other frills near the
summit of Bald Knob, but the half-million
dollars available from ARA at this time won't
cover that.
Down in the valley at the present time,
there have been many pleasant improve-
ments since the summer of 1963. Several
privately owned and operated establishments
have sprung up to cater to the more obvious
needs of railroad patrons.
You no longer have to travel 40 miles for
a hot meal. J. M. Kane, Jr., a Cass merchant,
has renovated a C. & O. dining car and named
it the Shay Inn. Air conditioned and at-
tractively furnished, the Shay Inn is an ex-
ample of creative thinking, an operation
which fits in perfectly with its setting.
You may also get something to eat at the
Cass Country Kitchen, the restaurant section
of the Cass Country Store, a huge, restyled
lumber-company store building which also
houses a soda fountain, benches for the
weary, restrooms, and many souvenir stands.
The Cass Country Store complex is, like
the Shay Inn, a privately owned develop-
ment catering to patrons of the State-owned
railroad. It is thoughtfully and tastefully
painted, decorated, lighted, and arranged.
W. E. Blackhurst's Wildlife Museum, one
of the first private-enterprise developments
at Cass, is still going strong, and Blackhurst
has now mounted about 300 animals for your
inspection,
A Civil War Museum, opened last year by
Mr. and Mrs. Kyle Neighbor, is near the
Blackhurst taxidermy exhibit. It features
"penwritten" records, letters and grants a
century old, including Civil War payrolls.
There are many weapons of the Lincoln era,
and other bric-a-brac not closely connected
with the Civil War, such as a genuine West
Virginia moonshine still.
There are no overnight accommodations in
Cass, and Van's Motel, about 10 miles distant,
yet affords the nearest lodging. But 6 miles
north of Boyer is a new motel, the Hermit-
Communist Rumania's Discrimination
Against Hungarians in Transylvania
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, in a day
when Americans are becoming more and
more concerned with discrimination in
our own country, we cannot afford to
ignore prejudice against minority groups
in other parts of the world.
Since the end of World War II, the
Rumanian Communist Government has
been following a policy of systematic re-
pression of the rights of its Hungarian
minority in Transylvania. The 1952
Rumanian constitution provides for the
free development of minority cultures
and languages, including provisions for
the free establishment of churches and
schools. However, these provisions have
not been carried out. The International
Commission of Jurists has reported that
the policies now in effect would eradicate
the Hungarian minority as a recogniz-
able unit in the next 10 or 15 years. - The
large-scale Hungarian educational sys-
tem has been destroyed and the educated
element of the population dispersed
throughout the country. Centuries-old
Hungarian libraries and castles have
been destroyed. Religious freedom has
been denied to the Catholic churches
which provide for the religious needs of
the minority. In addition, only 50 per-
cent of those imprisoned during the
Hungarian uprising in 1956 have been
released.
Such a denial of rights and freedoms
basic to all individuals must be protested
by those who believe in the inherent
worth of each man to a private life free
from invasion from the public sector. At
a time when a serious reevaluation is be-
ing made of our relationship with the
Rumanian Government, it is necessary
to explore all aspects of that country's
relationships with its people and the
world. Therefore, I join with the distin-
guished gentleman from New York [Mr.
HALPERN] and my other distinguished
colleagues from both sides of the aisle
in urging that hearings be held soon on
H.R. 289 and subsequent legislation con-
demning the discrimination of the Ru-
manian Government against its Hun-
garian minority.
Be an Issue at the Disarmament Con-
ference
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HASTINGS KEITH
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, the recent
reopening of the disarmament confer-
ence at Geneva has been seriously ham-
pered by the efforts of the Soviet Union
to make the United States withdrawal
from Vietnam a major condition for
further consideration of disarmament.
Not only are these conditions proposed
by the Soviet Union based on an inaccu-
rate view of U.S. foreign policy, they are
totally irrelevant to the issue at hand-
the prohibition of the spread of nuclear
weapons.
In this connection, Mr. Speaker, I
would like to call attention to a fine
editorial which appeared in the August
11 issue of the Standard-Times of New
Bedford, Mass. This editorial points up
the fallacies in the Soviet Union's argu-
ments and extends the hope that its dele-
gation will forgo anti-U.S. propaganda
and, instead, attempt to resolve the prob-
lem of nuclear proliferation. -
The item follows:
THE OBSTRUCTING SOVIET
If the price demanded by the Soviet Union
to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons
represents the Kremlin's final word, the dis-
armament conference at Geneva is not like-
ly to be fruitful.
In exchange for an agreement, Semyon
Tsarapkin, head of the Soviet delegation, has
called for termination of the Vietnamese war,
withdrawal of all American troops' and the
dismantling of U.S. bases in foreign coun-
tries.
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August 17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
Black people sadly recognize that these
leaders and organizations represent no
honest power, no ability to revolutionize
their conditions or change their plight.
And like Rosa Parks back in 1957, they
have now reached the point of no return
in weariness-weary of broken promises,
weary of phony black leadership, weary
of white do-nothingness nd weary of
blind exclusion from the mainstream of
American society. Three years ago, we
witnessed the "Negro revolt." We are
now seeing the "revolt of the poor.
In Los Angeles, the incinerating fuel
for last week's explosion had been
smoldering for years-police brutality.
The arrogance of Police Chief Parker in
refusing to heed the pleas of responsible
Negro leadership steadily worsened the
situation. More recently, the refusal of
the mayor to evolve a comprehensive
antipoverty program to siphon off many
of that community's unemployed further
was regarded as a kick in the stomach by
many Negroes.
A week ago, a subcommittee of the
House Education and Labor Committee
held hearings in the middle of the Watts
area. According to a report to me from
the Chief Counsel for the ad hoc subcom-
mittee on the war on poverty, "Because
of the fact that Los Angeles is one of
the two major cities in the country with-
out a poverty program, this area was
one of obvious unrest." Subsequently,
I personally received several angry let-
ters from Los Angeles Negroes who were
deeply disturbed about the runaround
they were getting.
Los Angeles also has a continuing
problem in Police Chief Parker who has
become a symbol of racial oppression to
Negroes just as School Superintendent
Willis of Chicago has become the identi-
cal symbol there. Before fruitful com-
munications can be established between
the races in these cities and other cities,
the symbols of racial persecution must
be removed.
Parker in Los Angeles must go. Willis
in Chicago must go. Their retention will
only exacerbate an already dangerous
racial crisis in these two cities.
Finally, there must be an acceptance-
no matter how uncomfortable-of the
ugly realities of race relations in the
North and the limitations of recent civil
rights legislation to deal with such real-
ities. I made the following statement in
September, 1964, after the passage of the
1964 Civil Rights Act, I repeated it sev-
eral times publicly and I make it again
today after the passage of the Voting
Rights Act of 1965: "Such legislation is
absolutely of no value or meaning to
Negroes in the North."
These acts have opened no new doors
for Negroes in Los Angeles, Chicago, New
York, or Philadelphia, nor have these
acts provided any remedies for de facto
school segregation, police brutality, in-
creasing joblessness among Negroes, seg-
regated housing, inferior education, poli-
tical tokenism and Jim Crow justice in
our courts.
Negroes in the North know the truth
of these statements and are embittered
by the absence of official action directed
toward a solution of these problems.
Until a comprehensive and massive at-
tack on northern sub rosa racial hatred
is undertaken, until all of us force our
selves to come to grips withthe fact that
the poverty of the northern Negro is to-
Lally different from the poverty of the
southern Negro and in some respects
even. worse, Los Angeles is only the be-
:inning of a long series of rioting and
lawlessness not only this summer but in
Lhe many summers to come.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT C. BYRD
OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF TEE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, the development of attractive
tourist facilities in the vicinity of the
Cass Scenic Railroad, in Pocahontas
County, W. Va., has given.a big impetus
to the unique project.
With the Labor Day weekend ap-
proaching, those persons desiring a really
delightful holiday might wish to take
the pleasant trip to Cass and explore the
attractions there.
A detailed discussion of the manner in
which this project has successfully devel-
oped was given in the August 1, 1965,
Sunday Gazette-Mail State Magazine,
Charleston, W. Va. I ask unanimous
consent to have this article placed in the
RECORD.
There.being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
follows:
as
WHAT'S NEW AT CASS?
(By William C. Blizzard)
State's largest tourist spot finally getting
some necessary improvements and there are
more on the board as soon as money is
available.
On June 15, 1963, tourists traveling the
Cass Scenic Railroad on its first public run
discovered a pleasant fact: As advertised, the
Shay locomotive pulling the cars was a gen-
uine antique.
But Cass visitors also discovered an
unpleasant fact: Tourist accommodations at
Cass were just as antique as the 1880-model
Shay. The only Way you could get a hot
,.Deal was to bring your own food and roast
it in the locomotive firebox.
Local church women helped out mightily
with pies, cakes, and sandwiches, but demand
often outstripped supply and the unhappy
tourist was left with nothing more nourish-
ing than food for thought.
In Cass, toilet facilities of the manmade
variety were limited to those at the end of
the run and in the old C. & O. depot.
If you wished to wash away the soot and
cinders accumulated during the 2-hour train
ride, there was plenty of running water-no
washrooms, just running water. You had
a choice of Leatherbark Creek or the Green,.
brier River.
The nearest motel or hotel accommoda-
tions were 10 miles away at the hamlet of
Boyer (pronounced "Bowyer"). Lodging
could be had there at Van's Motel, but the
eight rooms at Van's were likely to be filled,
and the little motel boasted no dining room
or lunch counter. The nearest place where
you could buy a hot meal, in fact was at
Marlinton, about 40 miles away.
The net result of these several inconveni-
ences was that visitors motoring home after
A4601
a long, hot day at Cass were nearly always
sunburned, sooty, cinder-covered, hungry, ir-
ritable, thirsty and dog-tired.
The fact that 5,354 paying customers
nevertheless rode the Cass Scenic Railroad
during the first 5 weeks of operation in 1963
is a glowing tribute to the hardihood of the
American tourist and the fanaticism of the
railroad buff.
There has been a steady advance in rail-
road patronage, by the way, since the Shays
began puffing in their new role at Cass. Paid
fares for 1965 show more than 18 percent
increase over a comparable period in 1964.
Early adverse conditions at Cass were in
part due to the desire of Pocahontas County
citizens and the department of natural re-
sources (which owns the railroad, effects as-
sociated with it, and contiguous land) to get
the scenic railroad started during the West
Virginia centennial year. That goal was ac-
complished, but at a price: In the spring of
1963, Cass' hair wasn't combined, its shoe-
laces weren't tied, and its somewhat sooty
shirttail was hanging out.
Tribulations at Cass were intimately asso-
ciated with lack of funds, although opposi-
tion to Cass development by the Department
of Natural Resources also slowed progress o-i
what is now a major West Virginia tourist at-
traction.
Operating a railroad on a shoestring led i
some maddening incidents which were very
nearly catastrophes. For instance, a Wash-
ington, D.C., newspaper sent in a writer wno
gave ample and favorable coverage to Cass,
and his story prompted many Washingto-
nians to make the long drive to southern
West Virginia. This was well and good, until
a locomotive axle broke at the time of their
visit.
The accident injured no one, but it did
put the railroad out of business until a new
axle was located, which took no short search
(a lucky find made the search shorter).
Probably more important than the tempo-
rary halt in operations was the adverse im-
pression made upon the long-suffering visi-
tors from the Nation's Capital.
It appears that at long last the lean days
at Cass are about over, and residents of the
old mill town doubtless feel that it's none
too soon. It took 3 years from the time the
scenic railroad idea was hatched by the
Cass Planning Committee until the first
passengers were hauled. And, before the
track gets laid and earth gets moved, it will
have taken more than 2 years for Federal
Area Redevelopment Administration funds to
be put to work at Cass.
Two years ago, the ARA was thinking of
granting the Cass Scenic Railroad over half-
a-million dollars to extend the rails to the
top of Bald Knob (elevation, 4,852 feet), and
improve existing facilities. But the grant
was delayed by protests from the National
Radio Astronomy Observatory at nearby
Green Bank.
The scientists with the big metal ears had
built a listening post to the universe at
Green Bank because the area was as quiet
as a moon crater at midnight.
"No, indeed," said they, "we don't want
noisy trains and noisy people with their
noisy automobiles. It'll ruin our reception."
The observatory oVicials said it might he
all right to keep the Cass Scenic Railroad,
but the access road would have to be relo-
cated. The access road happens to be West
Virginia 28, a primary highway.
The State road commission screamed about
that. "Can't do it," said Burl Sawyers. "It
would cost millions."
There was a deadlock which was finally
broken by Sawyer's suggestion that part of
West Virginia No. 7, not West Virginia: No. 28,
be relocated. West Virginia No. 7 is a sec-
ondary road that connects West Virginia No.
28 with Cass, about 6 miles distant. The
suggestion was accepted by Federal author-
ities, and the intersection of West Virginia
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 August 17, 1965' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Mr. Tsarapkin has insisted the Geneva
meeting must give priority to the with-
drawal of foreign troops and bases, and
"cannot bypass the actions of the United
States in Vietnam."
Apart from the fact the Russian attacks
on U.S. foreign policy are distortions, as
usual, an even more important factor is that
they are not germane to these important
meetings.
Mr. Tsarapkin ignores the truth, of course.
The North Vietnamese persistently have re-
fused to negotiate despite numerous efforts
by the United States to open discussions.
Most recently, Hanoi was reported to have
turned down President Johnson's suggestion
that the United Nations might assist in pro-
moting a cease-fire and subsequent talks by
the principals.
Under these circumstances, the United
States has no choice but to help defend
South Vietnam, while continuing to seek
peace. Even in so doing, Mr. Johnson reem-
phasized that the American mission "is to
help a small nation remain independent and
free of aggression" and that those who ad-
vocate all-out war are insensitive to the U.S.
role in southeast Asia.
But it is irresponsible of the Russians, and
dangerously so, to burden these most delicate
discussions aimed at saving the world from
nuclear catastrophe with unrelated 'differ-
ences. If the Communists want to discuss
Vietnam-although they, not we, have so
far refused-let it be done at a conference
for that purpose. The same goes for the
matter of foreign troops and bases.
As serious as these matters may be, they
do not begin'to compare with the problem
of the spreading nuclear weapon.
It is the responsibility of the Soviet Union,
and of every other nation participating in
the Geneva meetings, in order to get the
negotiations back on the track,, to return to
the purpose of trying for an agreement to
insure the nondissemination and nonpro-
liferation of the nuclear military capability.
Surely the U.S.S.R., purely in its own in-
terests, must recognize the growing urgency
of the proliferation problem. Now Sukarno,
never known either for political morality or
responsibility, is boasting he will explode a
nuclear device (undoubtedly facilitated by
our gift to him of a reactor) within a matter
of months.
It is to be hoped that Mr. Tsarapkin, hav-
ing fulfilled his routine propaganda commit-
ment, will return to the No. 1 item on the
agenda, as determined as is the United States
to see that no additional nations develop
nuclear arsenals. It is not an impossible
task nor is it inextricably related to the war
in Vietnam.
The Independence Day of Gabon
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL H. TODD, JR.
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. TODD. Mr. Speaker, today
marks the anniversary of the indepen-
dence of the state of Gabon.
This country is known to many Ameri-
cans as being the site of the extreme-
ly humanitarian work of Dr. Al-
bert Schweitzer. However, the coun-
try's development in recent years has
been impressive. For example, its per
capita gross national production is over
$250, one of the highest in Africa. Its
relations with France, the United States,
and the countries of the European Eco-
nomic Community have been good and it
has pursued a responsible posture in its
foreign policy.
Mr. Speaker, I think it appropriate
that we honor this day of independence.
Malaysia: A Divorce Within the Pacific
Community
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD T. HANNA
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, divorce is
always tragic, and it is especially so when
it involves 101/2 millions of people. A
week ago Monday, on August 9, the mar-
riage of Singapore to the other states of
the Federation of Malaysia came to a
close only 1 month short of its second
anniversary, thus ending what the
matchmaker, Great Britain, could have
easily termed a marriage of necessity.
In retrospect, the match was conceived
by the British Government on October
3, 1961, as a means of bolstering the
Malaysian countries against Communist
aggression and in order to couple the
industrious, entrepreneurial abilities of
the Singapore Chinese with the material
but undeveloped wealth of Sabah, Sara-
wak, and the Malaya Federation. As this
week's Economist reminds us in its lead
article:
Malaysia was devised as a solution to sev-
eral specific problems. The basic one was
that, as the 1960's opened, Singapore was
clearly on the way to independence. In
1961 this began to look as if it would mean
giving independence to a government of
Chinese race and Communist orientation.
The Malayans happened to have achieved in-
dependence a few years before after a de-
cade spent in fighting Communists of Chi-
nese race. The British happened to have a
whopping great base, which they wanted to
keep, in the island that a pro-Communist
government might thus control.
The wedding took place on September
16, 1963, amid overwhelming applause
from throughout the Pacific community
of free nations. The United States, es-
pecially, lauded the move and encour-
aged American companies to invest in
the new country, although politically we
remained in the background.
Each of the partners had something to
contribute and much to gain from the
marriage. The State of Singapore had
the well-known port of Singapore with
its large industrial center. Its people, a
population which is 75 percent Chinese,
were endowed with advanced,lndustrial
and entrepreneurial abilities alone with
large capital holdings. On their small
island, however, they lacked the basic re-
sources and raw materials to supply po-
tential industries. Here, Malaya, Sara-
wak and Sabah-rich with these very
items-came into the picture. Malaya
alone is the largest supplier of iron ore
A4603
in Asia and a leading producer of tin.
Furthermore, all three states produce
great quantities of rubber, pineapples
and wood. At best these commodities
represented only a small part of Ma-
laysia's potential production and export
capacity. They needed only the capital
and the entrepreneurial talents of the
Singapore businessmen to develop their
potential.
After the wedding, construction
boomed and commercial activity grew
apace. Economically, the combination
went hand in glove. Interstate ties were
created, and a common market planned
with the hearty endorsement of the
World Bank.
But, as in many marriages, under the
facade of prosperous togetherness, lay
the ever-troublesome problem of who
should hold the reins in the family. On
this point, the governments of Malaya
and Singapore could not agree, reflecting
the long-known struggle between the
Malays on the one hand and the overseas
Chinese community on the other. Un-
fortunately, the Federation, based on a
remarkably democratic constitution, fell
prey to this struggle which had grown
to uncontrollable proportions. The Brit-
ish recognized the situation as a problem
which could defeat the Federation, but
were no longer in a strong enough bar-
gaining position to do anything about it.
And thus, the Federation plummeted
down the sad road of failure-failure to
bring together a meeting of the minds,
failure to compromise. The failure came
purely from within. If blame must be
placed, it must rest squarely on the
shoulders of the Malaysians them-
selves-not the British and least of all
the United States. In the final analysis,
the marriage failed because of a political
problem which is seemingly insoluable at
this time. The economist commented
tersely but accurately, I think, "not that
disaster was inevitable. Malaysia was a
rational idea, which might well have
worked. The reason it did not was that
there simply was not enough goodwill
around."
Whatever the causes, the tragic fact is
that the match was broken : the glove is
off and the ring has been slipped from
the hand. The split further disturbed
the already unsettled waters in the Pa-
cific community. It came at a time when
strength and unity are needed most to
stave off Communist aggression in south-
east Asia and Indonesia's militant and
mistaken policy of confrontation.
But, let us take heart that the split
has not proved as devastating as it might
have. It was only a matter of hours be-
fore the two former partners exchanged
ambassadors and proclaimed their con-
tinued friendship. Moreover, Singa-
pore quickly indicated that it was not
going to turn its back on either Malaysia
or the West. Indeed, the Economist re-
ports that Singapore's new Foreign Min-
ister, Mr. S. Rajaratnam:
Has already made it very clear that Singa-
pore's foreign policy will be designed to keep
it close to Malaysia-which Is, indeed, es-
sential if both states are to survive and pros-
per. He has promised that Singapore, like
all good progressive, newly developing Afro-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 17, 1965
Asian states, will adopt a foreign policy of
nonalinement "in the power struggle of the
two ideological blocs." Knowing Mr. ita-
jaratnam, one can imagine how much re-
straint he must have exerted to hold himself
back from speaking of three. blocs. For, as
director of the polibureau of the People's
Action Party, he knows a great deal about
the two rival Communist blocs and their in-
terests in southeast Asia. Singapore will be
friendly with all countries that recognize its
integrity and independence and are friendly
to Singapore. Indonesia may be able to
qualify for a resumption of trade with Singa-
pore on those grounds; but can Jakarta ac-
cept the other plank in Singapore's statement
of foreign policy? This lays down that its
foreign policy will "underpin the domestic
attitude of preserving the state's integrity
and independence while safeguarding the in-
terests of Malaysia."
I note further that Mr. Rajaratnam
just yesterday stated emphatically that
Singapore would not join with Indonesia
in a confrontation against Malaysia. He
said that, "Political separation has not
obliterated the fact that the people of
both territories are one. Our destines
are inextricably interwined and the
crushing of one must inevitably mean
the crushing of the other." Overall, the
split has been made definitely but gently.
The potential for a good marriage.
however, still exists for the old partners.
Their economic interests remain comple-
mentary as before. We hope that they
can resolve their political differences. If
they can succeed in doing that, their real
interests are certain to unite them once
again. Perhaps, the union will take an-
other form in the future, Indeed, per-
haps the split will prove to be the needed
catalyst for an even closer, more durable
and more viable partnership. Again, l:
quote the Economist:
Togetherness may be much more feasible
now that there is a political separation than
it ever was while Chinese and Malay poli-
ticians struggle for power inside the so-called
unity of Malaysia.
Providing that industrial and other rival-
ries are not carried to extremes, Malaysia and
independent Singapore could work together
harmoniously, and Indeed must do so in re-
spect of their interests in trade and security.
Direct political rivalry no longer exists, so
much of the cause of past trouble has been
removed.
The Malaysian split dramatically re--
minds us that we are not the only West-
ern power facing thorny problems of re-
sponsibility and security in southeast
Asia. The British are there also, and
with the split, as the Economist points
out:
Britain's commitments seem likely to re-
main. While subscribing to a foreign policy
of nonalinement, Singapore is fully con-
vinced (and so is Kuala Lumpur) that Pres-
ident Sukarno 'would drop his paratroopers
on the island less than an hour after the
withdrawal of the last British soldier.
The interests of Britain and the
United States in southeast Asia are
mutual----to help independent nations
stave off Communist aggression, to hell)
southeast Asian nations help themselves
to achieve a better life, to help each oth-
er achieve and maintain peace-but at
this time, our areas of responsibility are
clearly separate.
Public Works and Economic Development
Act of 1965
SPEECH
OF
HON. GALE SCHISLER
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 12, 1965
The House in Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union had under
consideration the bill (S. 1648) to provide
grants for public works and development
facilities, other financial assistance and the
planning and coordination needed to alle-
viate conditions of substantial and persistent
unemployment and underemployment in
economically distressed areas and regions.
Mr. SCHISLER. Mr. Chairman, I
would like to take note of the passage
of Senate bill 1648, the Economic De-
velopment Act of 1965 which passed the
House August 12.
The purpose of this legislation is to
provide a comprehensive program of as-
sistance to areas and regions of economic
distress in order that unemployment can
be arrested and facilities can be im-
proved and upgraded. President John-
son, in his message of March 25, 1965, to
the Congress said:
The promise of America is opportunity for
all our people. It must, therefore, be a
matter of concern to all Americans when
any of our fellow citizens is denied the
chance to build a full life for himself and
his family.
This program goes a long way in ful-
filling the promise of America. It is a
program which combines the best fea-
tures of the Area Redevelopment Act,
the Public Works Acceleration Act, and
the Appalachian Regional Development
Act. It provides assistance for local
communities, for economic development
centers, for counties, for labor areas, for
multicounty combinations called de-
velopment districts," and for multistate
regions. This legislation makes assist-
ance available at whatever level of eco-
nomic development that assistance can
be most effective.
The bill contains five major programs,
each contained in a separate title.
Title I of the bill provides for grants
of up to 80 percent for public works in
eligible areas which are necessary for
economic development or meet the ob-
jectives of the antipoverty program.
Supplementary grants are available also,
to communities where unemployment is
exceptionally high and the requirements
for local matching funds cannot be met.
Title II provides financial assistance
for loans for public facilities, for com-
mercial or industrial, facilities, and for
guarantees of working capital loans
made iii conection with businesses being
established or expanded.
Title III provides the means by which
communities and businessmen can find
the answer to economic problems which
are obstacles to economic growth. - This
title authorizes 75 percent of the funds
to provide a full-time staff for State,die-
trict, and selected local economic de-
velopment organizations to undertake
research on the problems of long-term
employment.
Title IV provides for the designation
of eligible areas on the basis of unem-
ployment or heavy loss of population.
In general, the standards for designation
on the basis of unemployment are the
same as those under the Area Redevelop-
ment Act. This means that counties with
a median family income of $2,264 or less
would qualify.
Title V of the bill provides for Federal
participation In the organization of
regional development commissions simi-
lar to the Appalachian Region Develop-
ment Commission. This Commission wi'.I
draw up a plan for economic action in.
the region and recommend appropriate
action to State and Federal bodies.
The upgrading of community facilities
is an integral part of this legislation, and
two counties in our 19th District have
had projects approved in this area. In
Knox County the sewage system at;
Abingdon will see treatment and im-
provement. A sewage lagoon has been
approved for Oneida and Yates City.
In Mercer County, Matherville, New
Boston, and Sherrard have had sewage
facilities projects approved.
Mr. Speaker, this legislation is going
to influence the lives of a great many
people. Looking at it in terms of the na-
tional interest, it will replace hopeless-
ness with hope for hundreds of thousands
of families. Thousands of children will
be able to continue their education where
otherwise it might be interrupted. It
will bring needed new payrolls for de-
pressed communities and new jobs for
the unemployed. I was pleased to be able
to lend lny support to this legislation, for
I feel it will mean a real boost and a pro-
gram of self-help for communities all
over our country.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CLAUDE PEPPER
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, one of
the ablest Governors who ever served
Florida and one of the most dedicated
Democrats in Florida or in the country
is former Gov. Fuller Warren of Florida,
now a distinguished attorney in Miami
and a resident, I am proud to say, of my
congressional district.
Governor Warren on July 21, 1955,
wrote a magnificent letter to the editor
of the Miami Daily News, in eloquent
tribute to President Johnson, captioned
"Kindest President of All." I commend
to my colleagues and to my countrymen
who shall read this RECORD this moving
tribute to our President by former Gov-
ernor Warren:
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August 17, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
5. We should continue the all-out effort
to lower the cost of desalting water. In the
long run, the sea can be the easiest and
cheapest source of our needs. But as long
as the cost is so prohibitive and present
plants so experimental, we must continue
to bear the considerable expense of getting
water from other sources.
The water- shortage should also drive us
to greater efforts in fighting pollution. I
come from a State with 1,000 miles of pol-
luted rivers and streams, 35 percent of the
total. The Merrimac River, in northeast
Massachusetts, is the oldest polluted river
In the country-and one of the worst. We
would have no water problem today, in most
parts of my State and many parts of yours,
if polluted rivers could be safely. used. Nor
would we have the strangulation of animal
life, the denial of recreation opportunity, the
odors and sights and dangers to health that
pollution brings.
For those reasons, I would make these sug-
gestions:
6. We should encourage creation of local
sewerage districts, to bring under appro-
priate control those plants outside city
limits that cause such pollution. Such dis-
tricts should also be eligible for grants under
the sewerage treatment program. Under the
present program, only municipalities are
eligible for funds. Under my suggestion,
the program could reach industries not
covered. -
7. One of the greatest obstacles to the anti-
pollution program is that many industries
cannot afford the cost of control. Nor can
we fairly blame a community which fails to
force pollution control upon its plants, for
fear they will leave the area. Faced with
the choice, any community would prefer a
polluted river to unemployed citizens. For
this reason, we should give tax relief, and
consider even direct grants to Industrial
plants to encourage them to dispose of their
wastes, without polluting.
8. Another difficult obstacle to enforcement
is the difference in pollution in standards
between States. Rivers do not respect State
boundaries. Yet communities downstream
cannot clean up effectively, if communities -
upstream, in another State, do not have to
treat their wastes to the same degree. It is
essential, therefore, that there be uniform
water quality standards between States. I
hope this will be enacted by the Congress
this year.
9. We must also find new methods of
treating municipal sewage before it finds
Its way into our rivers and streams. In many
of our cities, the storm and sanitation sewers
are connected in such a way that in time of
stroms, untreated sewage is backed into our
waters. Much pollution is caused by this
fact. What is needed are new devices that
can be installed, in our homes or in holding
pens, to prevent this dangerous condition.
10. Finally, in furtherance of all these pro-
grams, I think the present Federal law should
be changed to eliminate the provision which
limits the Government grants for water re-
search to land-grant colleges. There are
many private- colleges, in all of our States,
which could make an Important contribu-
tion if they had this support.
The current water crisis is an opportunity,
as well as a challenge. If meeting it can
teach us the value of cooperation and plan-
ning, what we_ do, will carry over to the de-
velopment of all our resources. This is what
you have been fighting for since 1937. It is
where you can make a unique contribution,
The people of our region, pow aroused, are in
back of your efforts. The time is ripe for
substantive accomplishment on many fronts.
I know you will contribute, and continue
your leadership, for this cause.
Warden Lane of Michigan City, Ind.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. VANCE HARTKE
OF INDIANA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, the
proposed National Crime Commission
has in its membership many distin-
guished persons from the fields of law,
education, public administration, and
others. It will no doubt do an excellent
job in discharging its duties. -
But, as a recent editorial in the Mich-
igan City, Ind., News-Dispatch has noted,
it does not have a practical penologist
in its ranks. Michigan City is the site
of a State prison. Its warden has won,
by his remarkable achievements, the
highest regard not only of the community
but of the State. He is not a prophet
without honor in his own country, but
one who has won a deserved reputation
for his success in dealing with convicted
criminals.
The Michigan City editorial has sug-
gested that Warden Lane would be a
most excellent choice for the first va-
cancy which occurs on the Crime Com-
mission. I agree.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the editorial "Glaring Omis-
sion" may appear in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows: -
[From the Michigan City (Ind.) News-Dis-
patch, Aug. 2, 19651
GLARING OMISSION
The stated goal of President Johnson's
proposed National Crime Commission cer-
tainly is good and desirable-a "systematic,
nationwide study * * * of crime problems,
ranging from its causes at one extreme to
arrest and rehabilitation at the other."
Too, those L.B.J. appointed to the Com-
mission are eminently distinguished and
highly qualified.
But there was one glaring omission that
ought to be rectified. The Commission has
judges, prosecutors and lawyers galore. It
also includes a police chief, the mayor of
New York, a university president, a publisher,
and the presidents of the League of Women
Voters and National Urban League.
But nowhere does one find a leading
penologist. If rehabilitation is to be part
of its concern, the Commission ought to
have at least one member who is intimately
familiar with prisons and their inmates.
Sad to say, this omission isn't surprising.
It reflects an unfortunate public attitude
that tends to equate prisons solely with pun-
ishment and to consider convicts incor-
rigibly beyond redemption.
Largely because of this attitude, the Na-
tion's penal systems need penetrating study
and reappraisal as much as any other seg-
ment of the crime problem-probably more.
Indiana offers both bad and good ex-
amples. Most of the State's correctional in-
stitutions are in sorry shape, the result of
inadequate appropriations, politics, and pub-
lic apathy.
The one notable exception is the State
prison at Michigan City. From a physical
standpoint, the penitentiary Is ancient, run-
A4611
down, overcrowded, and understaffed. But
despite great difficulties born of public
apathy and penury, Warden Ward Lane is
quietly working small miracles of rehabilita-
tion.
Given only, nickels and dimes by taxpayers,
Lane's approach is necessarily bold and risky.
But is also eminently sensible. One way
or another, he encourages inmates to find
their own way out of ignorance and dark de-
spair.
Significantly, Lane's self-help programs are
working far better than most Hoosiers
realize-and in many cases more effectively
than the antipoverty war's richly financed
rehabilitation projects.
Essentially, Lane's approach succeeds be-
cause it is built upon an intimate, practical
understanding of prisons and prisoners ac-
giured through years of up-from-the-ranks
experience. Hence, he can go beyond the
narrow limits imposed by mere book knowl-
edge or sociological theory.
Someone like Warden Lane ought to be
named to the President's new crime com-
mission when the first vacancy occurs. Men
who have strayed as far from society as
prison are not easily rehabilitated. They
constitute a challenge that cries for the
knowledge, wisdom, and understanding of
someone who has devoted a lifetime to prison
A Paratrooph,ivi'Wetnam Pens Letter to
Students
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
- OF
HON. JOHN J. RHODES
OF ARIZONA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 21, 1965
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speak-
er, the recent student demonstrations
for peace-at any price-in Vietnam
must be puzzling and disheartening to
our men who are fighting there. It is
too bad the demonstrators do not have
the knowledge of the ways of Communist
aggression, as is expressed by a young
paratrooper who is presently fighting the
battle against Communist suppression of
Vietnam.
Pfc. Jerry P. Linsner, through his
letter to the editor of the Arizona Re-
public released on July 15, 1965, makes
an eloquent and well-considered appeal
to these students for their support of
those who are willingly fighting and
dying for the preservation of world free-
dom. Under leave previously granted, I
include in the RECORD the following let-
ter from Pfc. Jerry P. Linsner, - of
Phoenix, Ariz.:
A PARATROOPER IN VIETNAM PENS LETTER TO
STUDENTS
To the EDITOR:
I am a 22-year-old paratrooper now serving
with the 173d Airborne Brigade (separate).
My home address is 2412 North 37th Way, in
Phoenix. I am writing this letter from the
perimeter defense position around Bien Hoa
Airbase, South Vietnam, and its questioning
aspects are directed at a select few who are
helping to fight this war on the homefront.
I must say though, that I am a little con-
fused as to which side is being supported,
and whose cause upheld by some of our
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 17, 1965
young and upcoming "intellectual soldiers"
whose bases of operations are located at sev-
eral of our Institutions of higher learning.
One of our most precious possessions is`the
freedom to challenge the policies of our Gov-
ernment, and keep those policies within the
limits of our society's national feelings. This
freedom was borne to us from our Nation's
birth through the careful actions and watch-
ful minds of dedicated leaders and protected
by the blood of thousands.
It now seems evident that this freedom
can be, and is being, undermined and abused
in an Ignorant display of rash actions, which
do nothing but confuse the public and place
a doubt in the minds of countries on the
verge of communism as to the soundness of
America's promise to defend them against
Communist Aggression.
The un-American aspects of these demon-
strations, which are carried out by those
who might occupy positions of leadership and
responsibility in the near future, carry the
traits of a possible dupe by' an outside force.
You would think that the countless broken
Communist treaties, lies, and anti-Ainerica.a
attacks, and the stark nakedness of public
Communist announcements, which state
openly and coldly their intentions to crush
us, would awaken minds and open eyes.
From the Lao Dong Party in Hanoi, the
Communist cry that the fighting in the
South is a matter for the South Vietnamese,
has been heard all over the world. Seized
Vietcong caches of Communist-supplied
arms and ammunition, the extremely elabo-
rate military and political machine aimed at
conquering South Vietnam, and the high
proportion of Northern-trained ' officers, en-
listed men, specialists, and secret agents, re-
veal the Communist line to be a giant mock-
ery. It is a useless attempt to hide the fact
that Hanoi is behind the continuing cam-
paign of aggression aimed at conquering
South Vietnam. There exists in South Viet-
ham a large scale, carefully directed, and
Communist-supported program of armed at-
tack on a sovereign state and a free people.
obviously, some students are so entangled
In their efforts to reform our International
policies that they fail to see the danger. As-
sured by social and intellectual freedoms,
they strike out viciously and defiantly at our
National Government. Not only do they lack
diplomacy, they infringe upon the rights and
freedoms of other citizens, and either-do not
care or have no conception of the ill-effects
our Nation suffers in the world spotlight.
I only hope that when the demonstrations
finally terminate, these students will add to
their store of knowledge a tecognitioil of the
truth along with a valuable bit of experience.
Students should use their freedoms, take
advantage of their rights, pry, disapprove,
and question our Government's actions and
make them conform to the will of the people.
But before they pass judgment, they should
take another look at our country's. founda-
tions, what we have fought and died for in
the past, and what we stand for today. They
should open their eyes and see who is trying
to take this away from us.
I have watched America's youth swelter
on the decks and in the holds of troopships
and LST's. I have watched them rise from
muddy pup tents, to construct through long,
laborious days as clean and healthy a place
to live as is possible in this environment.
I've watched their bodies burn and tan under
a merciless sun as they dug bunkers and
mortar shelters, And at night they keep a
vigilant watch in these same positions.
They have dropped in convulsions from the
heat, and died from Communist steel. They
are fighting a dirty and nasty war, and they
board helicopters willingly to hunt out an
elusive enemy in their own territory.
There is one thing I haven't the slightest
doubt about, Mr. Student, and that is these
men's determination to stop communism
here, on their own back doorstep. They know
the score and this.realization shows in their
mental and physical willingness to fight.
However, when I turn my eyes homeward,
I see something ugly, and I don't like it.
Where is the moral support enjoyed by other
men in wars past won? Where is determina-
tion to stop communism? Don't sell us down
the river, Mr. Student, you might regret it.
Pfc. JERRY P. LINSNEE,
APO, San Francisco, Calif.
Civil Rights: A New Jersey Conservative
Point of View
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN BELL WILLIAMS
of MISSISSIPPI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 17, 1965
Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker,_ on
July 29, 1965, the Irvington -Herald,
Irvington, N.J., carried a thought-pro-
voking article written by Howard E.
Berkeley. Although written before the
Los Angeles insurrection, it is almost
prophetic. Mr. Berkeley's comments are
worthy of consideration by the House;
therefore, I commend them ti the atten-
tion. of my colleagues:
CIVIL RIGHTS: ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW
(By Howard E. Berkeley)
I'd like to thank the Irvington Herald
for permitting me to write an article pre-
senting a conservative view on the civil
rights issue.
Too often we in this area have received
only one point of view-the liberal one
of compulsory togetherness. Anyone who
dared disagree was immediately branded a
bigot, the so-called modern liberal using
the term "bigot" in the same way the me-
dieval inquisitor used the term "heretic."
The liberal solution of America's racial
problem is based on the assumption that
once all the divergent elements are forced
together, love and brotherhood will follow.
In the light of reality this assumption is
totally fallacious. The forcing of dissimilar
peopletogether in disregard of their desires
merely aggravates the existing problem.
People tend to associate with those who have
common interests and backgrounds.
Of course, in a truly democratic society
it should not be the purpose of the State
to say with whom you should or should not
associate. If an individual wanted to as-
sociate only with blue-eyed Catholics this
might be foolish, but freedom is choice, no
more no less.
Our American Republic was founded on
the belief that the individual making his
own decisions subject to a minimum of laws
will accomplish more for society than some
faceless robot figure controlled by an All-
knowing state.
Today's miscalled liberals-CORE, SNCC,
ADA, and the rest of them-are merely the
ideological successors to every totalitarian
philosophy from the pharaohs to the Com-
missars.
Their attitude on the racial question is
simply that we know what's best for you.
Therefore, we will tell you whom to serve,
hire, fire, rent to, live with, associate with,
and we will, if we deem It necessary, ship
your children about like so many head of
sheep or cattle-all in the name of democ-
racy, of course. This group, perhaps to hide
an inferiority complex publicly regards it-
self as a collection of demigods that we
poor mortals must obey.
Of course, self-righteous hysterics boiling
with zeal to free the Negro, are nothing
new in American history. It was a handful
of radical agitators who with their lies, half-
truths, distortions and horror stories injected
so much poison Into the American body
politic that a tragic Civil War resulted.
It was these New England and New York
fanatics, including a number of clergy, that
sent rifles into Kansas, rifles to maim and
kill and sent them in boxes labeled "Bibles."
Later the same abolitionist extremists sent
the murderer and psychopath John Brown,
of bloody Kansas fame, to Harper's Ferry.
An expedition, whose avowed purpose was to
free the slaves, but whose first victim was a
free Negro.
With the Civil War over, the South had to
be "reconstructed". So the fanatics went
South to rule in what historians have de-
scribed as the tragic decade.
Supported by Federal bayonets, the radi-
cals misruled and looted the Southern States.
Finally the reconstruction collapsed of its
own evil weight. The humanitarians left and
the southerners both black and white, were
of course left to clean up the mess and pay
the bills.
Today's civil rights agitators are of many
stripes, some rare simply misguided do-
gooders, other are just out for kicks-they
have graduated from panty raids: still others
plain radicals and of course those lost
soul-sthe beatniks.
The cynical politician whose sole interest
in the Negro is his vote, stands behind much
of the trouble. The politician sees this en-
tire agitation as a wonderful opportunity to
extend his own power and profits at the
expense of the people's, rights and to hide
his tyranny under the guise of democracy
and brotherhood.
What we in the North are beginning to
find out is that the civil rights movement,
with its program of planned chaos and dic-
tatorship, is not to be restricted to the South,
for the mobs are marching in Chicago,
Newark, and Philadephia, as well as in Selma,
Jackson, and Birmingham.
The American people, through their
apathy, have sown the dragon's teeth and
now the Nation will reap the crop of iron
men.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD M. FRASER
OF MINIgESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 16, 1965
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the resi-
dents of the District of Columbia have
indicated their support for home rule in,
a variety of ways in the last 15 years.
Recently, WWDC radio ran an edi-
torial which stated in part:
Local self-government is neither a Demo-
cratic nor a Republican idea. It's an Ameri-
-can idea. As such, it belongs in the Capital
City of the American people.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
include the full text of the July 23
WWDC editorial:
PROGRESS ON HOME RULE
Broadcast of this editorial by WWDC Presi-
dent Ben Strouse began July 23, 1965. We
welcome comments.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130012-2