UNTITLED

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130008-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: August 20, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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August 20, 1965 CONORESSIOV'AL' RECORD SENATE
S t, in which Federal funds are used to
underwrite costs of preschool training for
children of the "hard core" poor.
With the handling of this project his tar-
get Representative CHARLES R. JONAS, Re-
publican, of North Carolina, described what
he called "a glaring example of extra cost
whenever the Federal Government insists
on handling a local program out of Washing-
ton."
Mr. JONAS, pointing out that his State al-
ready had such a program in operation, fi-
nanced by non-Federal funds, said that
North Carolina applied for Federal money to
expand the program only to have the appli-
cation rejected. The Congressman added:
"The sole reason advanced by the Director
of Project Head Start for rejecting the North
Carolina plan was that our plan was based
on State administration of the funds and
program.
"It apparently did not matter to the Fed-
eral officials that the North Carolina pro-
gram had been conducted by professional
and trained public schoolteachers at a cost
of $30 per child and that the federally di-
rected program would cost $170 per child.
"They were not interested in expanding a
well established and efficiently operating pro-
gram which would cost $140 per child less
than the Federal program,,, but their concern
was to retain control and direction of the
program in the hands of Federal officials."
A complaint about Project Head Start ex-
pressed by educators in Boston:
Children of "hard core" poor families are
not being reached by the project because, as
one teacher put it: "Nobody in their families
cares enough to put them in it."
A private day-care center for children of
working parents in Indianapolis has com-
plained that some of its teachers have been
lured by higher salaries to an antipoverty
preschool program.
An incident at San Antonia, Tex., reported
in the San Antonio News:
A San Antonio physician refused to par-
ticipate in a medical examination program
for children involved in Project Head Start
because she objected to the speed with which
the youngsters were being processed.
The physician said that some 100 children
were rushed though in 1 hour. The school
district involved, which handles funds for
the project, pays $5 for every 20 examina-
tions. The San Antonio physician said that
tests required by the Federal Government
could not be completed properly at the pace
set.
Adverse comment has been created in some
areas by the antipoverty program's practice
of paying teachers' salaries higher than those
paid in public school systems.
Typical of this comment is a statement
by a Texan, referring to the academic staff
at a Job Corps center:
"They have pulled out of the school sys-
tem good instructors and teachers with mas-
ter's degrees. These teachers are sorely
needed in our public schools. There is quite
a lot of dissension among teachers about the
difference between their salaries of $5,000 and
the $9,000 a year paid at Camp Gary."
A prominent Negro educator, Lester B.
Granger, of Dillard University, New Orleans,
called the antipoverty program a slaphappy,
sloppy, wasteful procedure. Mr. Granger
told the National Urban League convention:
"The fat should be taken out of it. We
are going to waste two-thirds of the funds
going into it, just like the New Deal. This
doesn't mean I don't support it. If we get
even one-third out of it, it would help."
The spreading complaints about the way
the poverty war is run have been echoed in
strong criticism in Congress, by members of
both parties.
Some examples, from The CONGRESSIONAL
REcoRD-
Representative DONALD D. CLANCY, Re-
publican, of Ohio, branded the war "an
obvious fiasco." Mr. CLANCY said: "There is
hardly an aspect of the program that has
not become mired in waste and utter con-
fusion."
Representative EbwARD J. GURNEY, Re-
publican, of Florida: "Funds have been
given out without Investigation to sham
groups, in areas where poverty is almost
unknown."
Mr. GURNEY said that in one such area, in
Ypsilanti, Mich., "over 90 percent of the pop-
ulation own their homes, nearly everyone has
at least one car and a TV set, and the average
family income is just dollars short of $8,000."
A sample of political in-fighting in the
antipoverty operation was given by Repre-
sentative LEONARD FARBSTEIN, Democrat, of
New York. Assailing William F. Haddad, the -
program's inspector general, Mr. FARB-
STEIN told the House:
"He is the gentleman who ran against me
last year and has stated publicly that he
is going to run again. Now it is my opinion
that he is subverting parts of this program
for his own personal political gain. I think
he is attempting to build a personal political
organization out of poverty funds."
In spite of the rash of criticism in Con-
gress and from around the country, the
heavily Democratic Congress insists upon
giving Mr. Shriver more spending authority
than he said he needed to expand the war
against poverty.
In so doing, the legislators disregard such
comment as that of Representative ALBERT
H. QUIE, Republican, of Minnesota, who said:
"This program could become not just a
national disgrace, but a national catastro-
INFILTRA'I`gQN..-OF VIETNAMESE-
SPEAKING RED CHINESE INTO
VIETNAM
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, the de-
gree and type of Red China's interven-
tion in the Vietnam war has become a
matter of grave concern to many.
It was brought home in a report car-
ried in the Sunday Star of August 8 that
Communist China has declared she
would definitely intervene in the war if
the United States continues its military
buildup in that southeast Asia nation.
It was again underscored in an August
16 article in the Washington Post when
Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, commented that
Red China has "moved certain air units
down into the southern part of China
nearer to the border of North Vietnam."
Both these reports indicate the pos-
sibility of direct intervention in the war.
But they also could indicate that Red
China wants to bluff the free world into
believing that it will enter the war, and
thus force -a negotiated settlement on
Communist terms.
In my opinion, Red China does not
wish to intervene to the extent that she
would have to take on the United States
in a head-on confrontation.
Gen. Maxwell Taylor, former U.S. Am-
bassador to South Vietnam, and ex-
chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
apparently holds this belief.
According to the August 16 New York
Herald-Tribune, General Taylor re-
marked that traditional hostility be-
tween Red China and North Vietnam and
Peiping's fear of the United States would
20421
"likely hold back the Red Chinese" from
intervening in the war.
However, as one Communist diplomat
was quoted as saying in the Washington
Post of August 16, the United States is
overplaying the historical aspect of the
friction between Red China and North
Vietnam and underestimating the polit-
ical ties between Hanoi and Peiping.
I believe Red China will more likely
seek to accomplish her ends through in-
filtration at this time, hoping the United
States will not regard this as sufficient
cause for retaliation. If one reads his-
tory, it can be seen that such tactics have
played a significant role in the East-West
struggle since early in the post World
War II period.
Infiltration, blending into so-called
guerrilla movements, is designed to en-
able the Communists to avoid free world
counteraction because it is difficult to
make a clear legal case justifying
counterintervention. Such tactics per-
mit delaying counteraction until the
strength of the guerrilla movement has
grown to such a point as to magnify
greatly the difficulties of defeating it.
This type of warfare has its roots in
the strategic and tactical principles de-
signed by Red China's Mao Tse-tung.
Infiltration, then, is the method Red
China will most likely use if and when
she decides to take a more active part
in the Vietnam conflict.
The question then is: When will Red
China take this step?
I believe that Red China may already
be pursuing this course of action.
That these fears apparently have some
foundation is supported, in part, by an
article which the Library of Congress has
translated from a Chinese newspaper.
I will come back to that in a few minutes.
First I would like to sketch in some back-
ground which will lend credence to my
case.
The likelihood of Red Chinese infiltra-
tion into the Vietnam war has grown as a
result of the defection to Red China of
Gen. Li Tsung-jen. General Li was a
former Vice President of Nationalist
China. He was Acting President of Na-
tionalist China at the time of the Com-
munist takeover on the mainland.
After residing in exile in the United
States for the better part of. 16 years,
General Li showed up in Red China on
July 20 of this year. Needless to say,
this was a propaganda coup for Red
China. But after an initial volley of de-
nunciations of the country which had
harbored him for nearly 16 years, Gen-
eral Li faded from the scene.
At the same time, from various reports
in newspapers at -the time of his appear-
ance in Red China, it was indicated that
the State Department was not greatly
disturbed over the defection. This un-
concern prompted me to pursue the mat-
ter a little further.
Apparently the State Department had
ignored General Li's background. It
had ignored the fact that General Li had
been an able governor of Kwangsi Prov-
ince, bordering what is now North Viet-
nam.
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2402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE August 20, 1965
This alone could very well indicate that
Kwangsi Province, if infiltration is to be
successful, would be the key in any plans
of Mao. What better way to cement to
gether an effective force from this prov-
ince than to bring back the one person
held in great esteem by the people there.
. I would like to quote an, observation
from "China : An Area Manual." pre-
pared by the Operations Research Office
of Johns Hopkins University, under con-
tract with the Department of the Army:
Kwangsl was for many years governed well
by two able generals, Pai Ch'ung-hsi and `Li
Tsung-jen, who did much to give the prov-
ince peace and a stable economy. Tho It
not friends of Chiang Kai-shek, Li and Psi
were not run-of-the-mine warlords; rattier
they were men with a sense bf public re-
sponsibility. Their partial independence en-
abled them to train one of the best armies in
China.
deeply impressed with Li Tsung-jen. If he
goes there and organizes them into militia
corps they would be happy to respond.
This, Mr. President, fits squarely with
the observation in the manual prepared
for the Department of Army by Johns
Hopkins.
Continuing, the article said:
A total of 50,000 Vietnamese-speaking
Kwangsl people will be conscripted as a first
step.
According to intelligence from Nanning,
Li Tsung-jen, who was accompanied by
Chinese military leaders, Gen. Lin Piao
and Lo Jui-ch'ing, flew to Kweilin from
Peiping. They immediately went to Nanning
to call a local high level conference, to
launch P. movement for the Yao minority
group to participate in the war. Fifty thou-
sand volunteers of both sexes who can speak
Vietnamese will be organized into military
service. The reserve army will also be com-
posed of 50,000 people. Lin Piao will be re-
sponsible for political indoctrination, and
Lo Jui-ch'ing will be responsible for intelli-
gence work. Within a short time they will
be dispatched from Hanoi to the battlefields
in South Vietnam to assist the Vietcong
guerrillas in resisting American troops and
the troops of South Vietnam.
In this connection, a few days ago the
distinguished minority leader of the
House of Representatives, Representative
FORD, of Michigan, and I exchanged views
on a television program, to the effect
that we thought the use of Nationalist
Chinese forces in South Vietnam should
be considered.
Some rather superficial responses to
that suggestion were made to the effect
that this would perhaps provoke the Red
Chinese to enter the war. I suggest that
on the basis of what I have disclosed thus
far in my speech, whether Nationalist
Chinese forces are or are not used in
South Vietnam makes little difference.
It appears that the decision has already
been made by Red China to intervene in
the Vietnamese war.
If one examines a map, it can readily
be seen that the railroad from Kwangsi
Province can be used to transport this
force into North Vietnam, and then down
to the South Vietnam border.
One can readily see that air units on
Hainan Island, jutting from southern
China-Kwangsi Province-into the Gulf
of Tonkin could be used to airlift these
forces across the gulf either into posi-
tions adjacent to the North Vietnam-
South Vietnam border or into South
Vietnam Itself. There are at least two
known airfields on Hainan Island now;
probably there are more.
Mr. President, if, in fact, these reports
are accurate, then we had better prepare
ourselves for a change in the intensity of
the war.
I ask unanimous consent that an arti-
cle entitled "Red Chinese Pledge Inter-
vention in War," published in the Wash-
ington Star of August 8, an article en-
titled "Wheeler Says Chinese Move Air
Units South," published in the Wash-
ington Post on August 16, and also the
various articles bearing on the defection
of Gen. Li Tsung-jen, be printed at
this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
Aug. 8, 1965)
RED CHINESE PLEDGE INTERVENTION IN WAR-
CITE INTENT To ACT IF U.S. FORCE RISES
Tours.-Communist China declared Satur-
day It would definitely intervene in the
Vietnam conflict, as it has repeatedly
pledged to the Vietnamese people, if the
United States continues its military buildup
there.
"We warn the U.S. aggressors once more:
We, Chinese people mean what we say," the
Chinese Communists asserted.
"We, the 650 million Chinese people, have
repeatedly pledged to the Vietnamese people
our all-out support and assistance, up toand
including the sending, according to their
need, of our men to fight shoulder to shoul-
der with them to drive out the U.S. aggres-
sors."
The warning was contained in a Commu-
nist Chinese government statement dis-
tributed internationally by the New China
News Agency in a broadcast monitored here.
JOHNSON OFFER REJECTED
It also ruled out any peace offer by Presi-
dent Johnson and said "The facts have
proved once again that Johnson's talk about
peace negotiations is fraudulent; what he
really means is expansion of the war."
The Peiping statement was in response to
President Johnson's July 28 statement in
which he said he is adding 50,000 U.S. troops
in Vietnam.
Peiping then reiterated the four-point
Communist proposal as the only solution for
the Vietnam issue. These four points in-
clude withdrawal of all U.S. Forces from
South Vietnam.
It was the third Communist reaction in
two days to Johnson's statement. The Viet-
cong asked Communist North Vietnam Fri-
day for active help in battling the Ameri-
cans. And it Soviet Government statement
said U.S. leaders "should have no delusions
that American aggression would go unpun-
ished."
"UNJUST CAUSE"
Red China said the United States is send-
ing large numbers of troops to take part in
combat in South Vietnam and added:
"This display of arrogance and ferocity is
actually but the swagger of a helpless
desperado. The United States is fighting for
an unjust cause in Vietnam, hence the low
morale of its soldiers and the paucity of sup-
port it gets."
Predicting victory for the Vietcong,
Peiping assailed Johnson's statement on a
willingness to discuss peace.
"Johnson's statement of July 28 was a
wholesale exposure of the counterrevolu-
tionary dual tactics used by the U.S. imperi-
alists.
"While announcing the sending of large
reinforcements to South Vietnam, he
hypocritically talked about America's will-
ingness to begin unconditional discussions
with any government at any place at any
time. This was not the first time Johnson
played such a trick.
FOUR-POINT STAND OUTLINED
"Johnson said that the United States was
ready to discuss any proposal of any govern-
ment, including those already set forth by
Hanoi. This can deceive nobody.
"As everyone knows the basic content of
the four-point proposition of the Govern-
ment of the Democratic Republic of (North)
Vietnam is that the Geneva agreements
should be strictly implemented, that U.S. ag-
gression in Vietnam should be stopped, that
all U.S. Armed Forces should be withdrawn
from Vietnam, and that the problems of
Vietnam should be settled by the Vietna-
mese people themselves,"
The reference was to the Geneva agree-
ment of 1954 that ended the fighting in
Indochina but left Vietnam divided into
The people of Kwangsi province are
noted for their fighting ability and dis-
cipline, the report pointed out.
Let us examine the importance of
Kwangsl Province and its relationship
to North Vietnam.
wangst is in the south-central ad-
ministrative region of mainland China;
it is surrounded by Kwangti4ng, Hunan,
Kweichow, Yunnan, North Vietnam, and
the Gulf of Tonkin.
The chief agricultural crop is rice; it
is the second leading tin-producing pro-
vince.
The chief railroad is the Hunan
Kwangsl-Kweichow line from Heng-
yang in Hunan, which passes through
northern Kwangsl via Ch'uan-hsien,
Kuel-lin and Liu-chow and proceeds. into
Kwelehow Province. There is a vital
railroad extending from deep in Kwangsi
Province to the North Vietnam capital
of Hanoi.
On August 6, the Chinese newspaper,
Min Chili Journal, published in New
York, ran this article with a" Hong Kong
dateline.
The headline was: "Li Tsung-jen ar-
rived in Kwangsl."
This is the same Li Tsung-jen who
defected from the United States on July
20 and who played such a vital role in
Kwangsl Province.
The text of the article follows:
The policymaking body in Communist
China led by Chairman Mao Tse-tung re-
alized the difference between the attitude
toward the Vietnam war taken by President
Johfison and the attitude toward the Korean
war taken by President Truman, and has not
publicly and overtly dispatched Chinese
Communist volunteers to participate in the
Vietnam war, for fear of bombardment of the
mainland by American airplanes. Now they
have devised effective measures in assisting
Ho Chi-Minh by sending large groups of
Vietnamese-speaking militia to participate
in the velar. Even if they are captured they
can pretend that they are volunteers from
North Vietnam because they can speak the
Vietnamese language. Thus the Americans
cannot find any pretext to attack the Chi-
nese. The people deep in Kwangsi and along
the borders of North Vietnam were in the
past deeply impressed with Li Tsung-jen. If
lie goes there and organizes them into mili-
tia corps they would be happy to respond.
Let me repeat that:
The people deep in. Kwangsl and along the
borders of North Vietnam were in the past
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August 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
the South and the Communist North. The tartly placed their forces under the command
two sections were to be united by free elec-
tions. But South Vietnam refused, saying
free elections were impossible in the North.
. SCOFFS AT U.S. POWER
Peiping scoffed at U.S. military might,
saying:
"This 'special war' waged by the United
States for 4 years and more in South Viet-
nam has failed completely, and the myth of
U.S. 'air and naval superiority' has been ex-
ploded."
The Chinese statement continued:
"What the United States is now doing is
to send large reinforcements to South Viet-
nam to expand its war of aggression against
Vietnam in an attempt to keep South Viet-
nam under its military occupation, perpetu-
ate the division of Vietnam, and to scrap
the Geneva agreement.
"Can this Indicate the slightest desire for
peace on the part of the Johnson administra-
tion?"
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Aug. 16,
1965]
WHEELER SAYS CHINESE MOVE AIR UNITS
SOUTH
(By Richard Halloran)
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
said yesterday that Communist China has
"moved certain air units down into the
southern part of China nearer to the border
of North Vietnam."
Gen. Earle G. Wheeler added that the Chi-
nese have increased somewhat their air
forces on Hainan Island, which juts from
southern China into the Gulf of Tonkin.
But Wheeler did not advocate American
air strikes against the Chinese buildup,
which he said does not include ground forces
so far. Wheeler appeared on the television
show "Issues and Answers" (ABC-WMAL).
Representative GERALD R. FORD, of Michi-
gan, the House minority leader, agreed with
Wheeler that the United Staters should not
carry the war to China.
URGES WIDENED BOMBING
But FORD strongly advocated bombing sig-
nificant military targets in North Vietnam's
heavily populated, industrial area around
Hanoi and Haiphong. FORD was interviewed
on "Face the Nation" (CBS-WTOP) .
"Our Air Force with all their training and
all their equipment ought to be capable of
pinpointing significant military targets In
any area in North Vietnam," he said.
On relations between China and North
Vietnam, Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor asserted
yesterday that North Vietnamese leaders
have more to fear from China than from the
United States.
TRADITIONAL ENEMY
The former Ambassador to Saigon said
that the Chinese are very unpopular in both
Vietnams, and they have been a traditional
enemy through history. Taylor spoke in an
interview with House Majority Whip HALE
BOGGS, Democrat, of Louisiana, for a New
Orleans television station.
A Communist diplomat here disputed this
view, saying the United States is overplaying
the historical aspect and underestimating
the political ties between Hanoi and Peiping.
On the military front, General Wheeler
confirmed reports that North Vietnam has
semimobile surface-to-air missile equipment
In addition to the five SAM sites emplaced
around Hanoi.
He said he didn't know how much of this
equipment North Vietnam has, nor whether
Russians are manning it. But because of
these missiles, Wheeler said, "Our pilots have
got to be more careful in the areas over
which they fly."
Wheeler reiterated the administration view
that American forces are not taking over the
Vietnam war. But he said, "in certain
instances, Vietnamese officers have volun-
achieve a better military organization for
command."
On news coverage of the war, Wheeler ac-
knowledged that relations between govern-
ment officials in Saigon and the press were
not good. But he insisted that "a great deal
of information is set down for the benefit of
the press."
The General also said that "we are going
to have to take a very hard look" at the possi-
bility of military censorship. He said he
was distressed by advance publication of mil-
itary movements.
[From the New York (N.Y.) Times,
July 21, 1985]
Ex-AID OF CHIANG SCORES U.S. POLICY-Li,
ARRIVING IN PEIPING, BIDS MORE NATION-
ALISTS DEFECT -
(By Seymour Topping)
HONG KONG, July 20.-Gen. Li Tsung-jeh,
former Acting President of Nationalist China,
who flew to Peiping today after 16 years of
exile in the United States, pledged support
of the Communist cause to make up for his
guilty past.
In a statement at the airport distributed
by Hsinhua, the Chinese Communist press
agency, the 74-year-old general appealed to
Nationalist political and military leaders on
Taiwan to follow his example and join in a
common front against the United States.
The former anti-Communist leader ac-
cused President Johnson of expanding the
war in Vietnam and "thereby even trying to
provoke war against the Chinese people."
The general was. warmly welcomed at the
airport by Premier Chou En-lat and more
than 100 other prominent political figures,
.including a number of Nationalist officials
who had defected since the Communist con-
quest of the Chinese mainland in 1949.
The demonstrative reception seemed to
have been intended to encourage other Na-
tionalist officials to rally to Peiping.
HE DISAPPEARED IN ZURICH
General Li, accompanied by his wife, Kuo
Teh-chieh, flew to the Chinese Communist
capital by a secret route aboard a special
plane after having disappeared in Zurich,
Switzerland.
The general left the United States for
Zurich last month after having sold his New
Jersey home. He told friends that he wished
to be with his wife, who was recuperating
from an operation for cancer, but that he
would return to the United States.
It was understood that U.S. officials had be-
come aware of the general's probable inten-
tion to go to Communist China but had taken
no action to, block his departure from New
York.
U.S. officials also anticipated that upon
his arrival in Peiping the general would take
up the Chinese Communist propaganda
line against the Johnson administration.
General Li, following a distinguished mili-
tary career, became Vice President of Nation-
alist China in 1948 while the civil war with
the Communists was in progress. After Gen-
eralissimo Chiang Kai-shek had temporarily
retired as President, General Li served as Ac-
ting President from January 21, 1949, to
February 28, 1950.
HE FORMED A THIRD FORCE
Declining to join Generalissimo Chiang
in his refuge on Taiwan, General Li went
to the United States in December 1949. He
later broke with the Taiwan group and
formed what he called a third force to re-
gain power in mainland China.
In his statement in Peiping today, General
Li said that his first mistake had been his
refusal to accept the Communist accession
to power and his second had been an abortive
effort to start a third force movement.
Cheng Su-yuan, who had been an aide to
20423
General Li in the third force movement and
particularly active in Hong Kong, accom-
panied the former Nationalist leader to
Peiping today.
Hsinhua distributed abroad a text of the
statement by General Li. The Commmunist
press agency said that the statement had
been issued on his arrival but did not say
whether it was being read by the general.
In his statement General Li said he would
like to advise his "comrades on Taiwan of
impressions formed during my more than a
decade's stay in the United States." He con-
tinued :
"For years the United States has pur-
ported to be opposing communism, yet it is
actually committing a series of sordid crimes
against the people of China and of the world,
in an attempt to isolate China and dominate
the world."
U.S. DESIGNS ON TAIWAN SEEN
The statement asserted that "the United
States has been bent on seizing Taiwan for
itself and has stopped at no tricks, and plots
to attain this end." It added that "reunion
of Taiwan with the mainland is purely
China's internal affair, in which the United
States must not be allowed to meddle."
In urging Nationalist leaders on Taiwan
to defect to Communist China, the statement
reminded them that Peiping had long ago
announced a policy that "all patriots, both
forerunners and latecomers, belong to the
same family and that freedom of movement
is guaranteed both to and from the main-
land."
Chinese sources in Hong Kong said it was
expected that General Li would be given a
titular post in the Peiping government sim-
ilar to those awarded to Nationalists officials
who rallied to Communist China.
TAIWAN Is NOT SURPRISED
TAIPEI, TAIWAN, July 20.-Nationalist China
brushed aside today the defection of General
Li but looked for the Peiping Communists
to exploit it as a major cold war victory.
Officials declined to talk about the cross-
over, saying they did not want to lend it
undue importance. General Li had been
read out of the ruling Kuomintank party in
1952 after having clashed with President
Chiang.
Word of the defection had been in the wind
in Taiwan for a week.
Thus the Peiping announcements came as
no great shock to, the Nationalists.
CHIEF DEFECTOR TO REDS
WASHINGTON, July 20.-General Li is the
most prominent figure to go over to the
Chinese Communists since the collapse of
the Nationalist regime.
"There is no doubt that Peiping will try
to get as much play as possible out of this."
commented one official closely connected
with Chinese affairs. "I don't expect a wave
of defections from Taiwan, but it may give
some of Li's old associates food for thought."
Most experts on China at the State De-
partment took the view that the effect of the
aged former war lord's return was consider-
ably limited by two factors.
One was the personal motives that are be-
lieved to have underlain his action. The
general lived quietly with his wife in New
Jersey and took next to no part in the politi-
cal discussions and efforts that are common
among some prominent Chinese exiles.
General Li was described ashaving been
almost completely dependent upon his wife
in dealing with his surroundings. The grave
illness of Mrs. Li is believed to have been
a strong motive in inducing General Li to
give up his life here and return to China,
where some of his wife's relatives still live.
As for the second factor, General Li during
his exile in the United States was considered
by Taiwan to have cut himself off from the
Nationalist movement. For this reason ex-
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ports here believe that the Nationalist Gov-
ernment will be able to play down the sig-
nificance of his return.
MOVE ASTONISHES COLLEAGUES
(By Farnsworth Fowle)
General Li's return to Communist China
astonished American scholars at Columbia
University with whom he had worked on a
1,000-page autobiography in English transla-
tion now complete and under consideration
for publication by the Columbia University
Press.
It was one of five taperecorded memoirs
by leaders of Nationalist China undertaken
since 1959, by the university with the assist-
ance of the Ford Foundation.
General Li had been a perennial critic of
the Nationalist administration on Taiwan
and had never visited the island.
Although he had duly arranged his trip
with his wife to Switzerland through the
United States Immigration and Naturaliza-
tion Service office in Newark, he had not told
his Columbia associates of his plans. They
said one of his Chinese friends had received a
letter from him in Switzerland telling of the
couple's decision to return to mainland
Ohina.."
General Li's motives for adhering to Com-
Imunist China were a matter of speculation,
as were the time and place of planning his
return.
Chinese nationalist, sources have circulated
reports, which they describe as unconfirmed
that two Chinese Communist agents moved
iinto his neighborhood in Englewood Cliffs,
N.J., where he owned so house at 77 New
Street, and that they started winning his
confidence several years ago.
Other associates thought that advancing
age and the difficulty of obtaining servants
might have impelled General and Mrs. LI
to seek a more comfortable existence in their
native land.
These sources had heard unconfirmed re-
ports that Mrs. Li had a brother in Switzer-
land and that plans for the return to main-
land China might have been arranged
through him rather than in this country.
General Li spent some time in Europe in
41963, returning to the United States Decem-
ber 21 of that year. In applying this spring
for permission from the Immigration and
Naturalization Service to leave the United
States and return, he said he planned to
leave in May and spend about 3 months
abroad. The permission was granted April
28, 8 days after his application.
os'F cIAL EXPLAINS CASE
William J. Wyrsch, deputy director of the
office of the Service in Newark, said the mat-
ter had 'been handled in a routine manner.
When asked how General Li had supported
his wife and their son, See Sen (Jackson) Li,
since they arrived on American soil Decem-
ber 6, 1049, Mr. Wyrsch said the general had
listed himself as a retired official of the Na-
tionalist Government with a private income.
Nlr. Wyrsch explained that his office was
not required to examine such matters more
closely as long as the alien resident com-
plied with all laws. The Li's had permanent
residence here under the Refuge Relief Act
of 1957.
General Li came to the United States first
for an abdominal operation. When he left
a New York hospital in 1950, the family
moved to a spacious house at 4565 Delafied
Avenue in the Fieldstone section of Riverdale
in the Bronx.
Neighbors recalled that the city police had
maintained a sentry box with a man on duty
outside the house 24 hours a day. The Li's
were remembered as an aloof couple in a com-
munity in which distinguished foreigners
are readily welcomed.
A few years later the Li's moved to New
Jersey. The son, who according to friends
served in the U.S. Army and is now an
American citizen, was not active in the au-
tobiographical project. He Is living in River-
dale with an older brother and is reported
to have been completely surprised by his
parents' return to China.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post,
July 21, 1965]
SIXTEEN-YEAS EXILE RETURNS TO CHINESE
FOLD
(By Vergil Berger)
PEIPING, July 20.-Gen. Li Tsung-jen, 74-
year-old former Nationalist Chinese Acting
President, returned to an emotional welcome
here today after 16 years in exile, mostly in
the United States.
At the airport to greet General Li and his
wife were Premier Chou En-lai, three vice
premiers and several other top officials of the
Communist regime, which ousted his Kuo-
mintang government in 1949.
Li said he was returning to "contribute my
humble share to all efforts for the patriotic
cause of opposing imperialism."
He attacked the United States, accusing it
of trying to dominate the world, and called
on his Chinese friends abroad either to sup-
port Communist China or to return here
"for it is not yet too late to come back."
(Li became vice president under Chiang
Kai-shek in 1948, made an unsuccessful at-
tempt to negotiate peace with the Commu-
nists in 1949, and was acting president from
January 1949, to February 1950, when Chiang
withdrew his forces to Taiwan.)
On his arrival by special plane Li ex-
changed warm handshakes and greetings
with the Communist leaders and former
Kuomintang leaders who stayed on after the
Communist takeover.
Li also said the Chinese achievements un-
der the Communist party, including the re-
cent successful explosions of two atom
bombs, had "inspired great pride In every
Chinese living abroad except a handful of
diehards."
[From the New York Times, July 22, 1965]
TAIWAN PLAYS DowN Ex-AIDE's DEFECTION
TArrEr, TAIWAN, July 21.-Nationalist China
tried to take the defection of its former
Acting President, Gen. Li Taung-jen, to Pei-
ping In stride today. Officials here are at-
taching as little significance to the defection
as possible.
As one high-ranking official of the Kuo-
mintang put it, "We are purposely play-
tng this one down. Why help the Chinese
Communists with the propaganda barrage
that is sure to follow?"
All of Taipei's Chinese-language news-
papers described the defection in a short
news item on their inside pages.
Most officials expressed the opinion that
since General Li had been out of touch with
Chinese affairs for so long, his defection
would cause little stir among Chinese here
and abroad.
Nationalist China has always taken the
position that he deserted it by going to the
United States and remaining there for the
last 16 years.
It was also reported in the press here that
General Li sent Mao Tse-tung, leader of Com-
munist China, two boxes of paintings and
scrolls a year ago and that in return Mr. Mao
had sent him $100,000 through two agents
who had sought to persuade him to return
to China.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
July 20, 1965]
HIGH NATIONALIST DEFECTS TO PEIPING
COMMUNISTS
TOKYO.-Li Tsung-jen, who served 6 years
as Vice President of Nationalist China and
was its acting President for 1 year, threw in
his lot with the Chinese Communists today.
He fired a parting blast at the United States
which had sheltered him since 1949.
The New China News Agency said Li and
his wife arrived by special plane at Peiping
Airport. They were greeted by Red Chinese
Premier Chou En-lal and a delegation of 100
high Communist officials.
The 74-year-old former soldier-statesman
was the most important Chinese to go over
to the Reds since the Conununists drove
Chiang Kai-shek from the mainland 16 years
ago.
Li reportedly left the United States July
15 for Switzerland. In a statement at the
airport, he called the United States our
foreign enemy and accused it of "committing
a series of sordid crimes against the people
of China and of the world in an attempt to
isolate China and dominate the world."
DENOUNCES JOHNSON
"Especially since Lyndon B. Johnson came
to office," he continued, "the United States
has stepped up its evil doings and expanded
the war of aggression in Vietnam, even trying
thereby to provoke a war against the Chi-
nese people."
Li had lived in Englewood Cliffs, N.J., for
9 years.
Li, whose defection has been rumored in
Taipei and Hong Kong newspapers for a
week, said he had made his choice because
he had been impressed by Red China's two
atom bomb tests and "the wise leadership"
of Communist Party Chairman Mao Tse-
tung.
"I hereby pledge to devotee the remaining
years of my life to the service of my country,
and may heaven and earth be witness to my
sincerity," he said.
OTHER MISTAKES CITED
Appealing to his comrades in Chiang's
Kuo-mintang Party to join him, Li described
himself as an exile "with a guilty past." Be
said he had always regretted failing to accept
the Communist terms for "Internal peace"
In China in 1949.
He said his efforts during the first years
of his self-exile to create a third force among
the Chinese "added another mistake to my
previous ones."
Li said he had recently felt there were
only two alternatives, either to side with the
Communists "or to wallow in the mire with
the reactionaries and be discarded along
with them by the times."
An army Commander by the time he was
36, Li held key military posts for 20 years
and served on China's National Military
Council during World War II. He was di-
rector of Chiang's headquarters in Peiping
from 1945 to 1949.
He became Vice President in 1948 and held
the title until 1954, although he spent the
last 5 years of the term in the United States.
When the Communists were on the verge
of victory, Li and others clamored for peace
negotiations. Chiang abruptly resigned on
January 21 and named Li acting President
to give him a free hand in seeking a settle-
ment. Li got nowhere and after the main-
land was overrun, Chiang resumed the Presi-
dency on March 1, 1950, on Formosa.
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOP-
MENT ACT OF 1965
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, it is with
much regret that I note the absence in
this bill of any funding for section 108
of the Housing and Urban Development
Act of 1965. The Department of Defense
has informed me that they recognize
their responsibility for their personnel
who are affected by closures at such in-
stallations as Olmsted Air Force Base,
and they also tell me that they support
in principle the intent of section 108.
However, they then proceed to imply
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that they simply do not have enough
information at this time to advise the
committee as to the appropriation
needed.
I submit, Mr. President, that all the
sympathetic words on the part of the
Defense Department will not replace the
hundreds of dollars their employees are
losing, on the sale of their homes. Sec-
retary McNamara has given us techni-
cal objections instead of the humani-
tarian approach, in view of the urgency
of this situation. Senator CLARK and I
have worked diligently to protect the
interests of our constituents at Olmsted,
and It is with deep regret that we are
now informed that the Defense Depart-
ment refuses to act on our request.
Originally, it was my intention to offer
an amendment to the bill on the floor
to fund section 108, but, in view of the
committee's decision to await the De-
fense Department's estimates, I shall
defer any such action. I do, however,
call upon the Defense Department to sub-
mit their estimates to the. Appropriations
Committee at the outset of the second
session of this Congress so that remedial
action may be taken at that time. I
feel that it is the responsibility of our
Government to insure that its employees
are not subjected to extraordinary eco-
nomic hardship through governmental
action; in this case merely because the
Department of Defense decides to shut
down a Federal Installation.
I' ask,' unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD a letter dated
August 17 from the Senator from Massa-
chusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALLI in reference
to that act. I ask unanimous consent
also that a statement of my colleague
[Mr. CLARK] be, printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the letter
and statement were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
U.S. SENATE,
COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS,
August 17, 1965.
Hon. HUGH SCOTT,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR HUGH: I was very much interested
in Senator Clark's presentation before the
Military Construction Subcommittee last
Tuesday for the immediate funding of the
program authorized by section 108 of the
Housing and Urban Development Act of
1965.
The committee considered the proposal
and decided that the details had not been
adequately worked out and it was difficult
to assess the ultimate cost of the program.
In the committee report it was pointed out
that the Department of Defense may be pre-
cluded from implementing section 108 dur-
ing fiscal year 1966, in view of the provisions
of section 406 of Public Law 85-241 as
amended (42 U.S.C. 1594). Section 406 with
certain specific exceptions prohibits the
construction or acquisition of family hous-
ing units "at or in support of military in-
stallations or activities" unless authorized
by line items in an annual military construc-
tion authorization act. The committee ex-
pressed the opinion that the Department of
Defense should make a study of, section 108.
In my opinion it would be well to with-
hold action until such time as the Depart-
ment submits a thoroughly worked out plan
to the Congress. I realize your deep interest
in this matter and hope that something can
be worked out next year.
With kindest regards,
Sincerely,
LEVERETT SALTONSTALL,
U.S. Senator.
STATEMENT OF SENATOR JOSEPH S. CLARK,
DEMOCRAT, OF PENNSYLVANIA, BEFORE THE
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION SUBCOMMITTEE OF
THE SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE
-Mr. Chairman and members of the sub-
committee, I am extremely grateful for this
opportunity to appear before you.
My purpose in testifying before you today
is to urge the immediate funding of the
program authorized by section 108 of the
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965,
which has just been passed by the Congress.
That program is designed to provide some
badly needed financial relief to homeowners
who lose their jabs as the result of the closing
of a Federal base. It was added to the bill
as a result of the efforts of Senators SPARK-
MAN, TOWER, and myself, and Representatives
KUNKEL and BARRETT in the other body.
. Although the need for such relief was made
plain to me through the plight of my con-
stituents in the Olmstead Air Force Base
area, the problem is truly a national one.
Similar hardships are being felt by or are in
prospect for families in Mobile, Ala., and
Waco and Amarillo, Tex. The scenario is
the same in each small community: an an-
nouncement is made that the base will be
closed; hundreds of homes are suddenly
placed on the market as people go elsewhere
to find work; and the result is a sharp decline
in real estate values.
Consider the case of the homeowner who
has just been told that his job is either being
transferred or abolished. More likely than
not, his main financial asset is his house,
bought at a time when the market was good,
and quite probably heavily encumbered.
Perhaps he is willing to accept a functional
transfer, which means moving to a new
community. Perhaps he would like to move
to take a private job in some other part of
the country.
In either case, he will have to try to find
a buyer for his house. What he willprob-
ably find instead is that his house has been
turned from an asset Into an albatross over-
night-because of the same base closing
which cost him his job.
The fact is that the simple economics of
base closings extract a double penalty from
the homeowner-employee. In a single stroke
a shutdown order can rob him of the two
things that are most precious to him: his
livelihood and his savings.
It was because of this need and this in-
justice that we wrote section 108 Into the law.
It provides in cases where a homeowner has
lost his job as a result of a base closing and
is unable to find a buyer willing to pay a
reasonable price for his house, that the Sec-
retary of Defense is authorized to buy the
house at a price determined by consulting
the market prior to the time the Department
of Defense announced its intention to close
the base. The properties thus acquired
would than be turned over to the FHA for
disposal. -
There is nothing particularly novel about
this idea. It has been in use for some time
by certain large corporations, notably IBM.
And it provides a tested means for rectifying
a serious Injustice and softening a severe
financial blow.
But this excellent program cannot do the
people of Middletown, Pa., and Mobile, Ala.,
20425
and Waco, Tex., one iota of good unless and
until it is funded. For many, who are faced
at this very moment with the need to sell
their homes to seek new employment, justice
delayed will literally be justice denied. And
if the program should go unfunded this year,
irremediable injury will be done to many
Americans whose only crime was to lose their
jobs as the result of a shutdown of a Federal
installation.
Accordingly, I hope that this subcommittee
will seek the guidance of the Department of
Defense in determining the size of the ap-
propriation required to set this homeowner-
relief program in operation now. I urge the
members of the subcommittee to include in
the pending Military Construction Appro-
priations bill the full amount needed to pro-
vide this modicum of assistance to the many
families whose lives have been disrupted by
the closing of Federal Installations.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
FORTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF
SERVICE OF MARK TRICE IN THE
SENATE
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, yester-
day we paid tribute to the distinguished
secretary of the minority, Mr. Mark
Trice. Quite a number of speeches were
made on the floor of the Senate, and
other Senators would like to insert
speeches in the RECORD.
I therefore make the following request
for myself and for the distinguished ma-
jority leader:
First, that all Senators may have 10
days in which to insert speeches in the
RECORD with reference to Mark Trice;
Second, that those speeches be gath-
ered and published as a Senate docu-
ment.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Is there objection? The Chair
hears none, and it is so ordered.
Mr. DIRKSEN. Yesterday there was
a soiree, so to speak, in tribute to Mark
Trice, and at that time he was presented
with a gift. I thought it was an in-
teresting gift, since Mark had been in
the service of the Senate for 45 years.
I could think of nothing quite so suit-
able as supplying him with a large wall
electric timepiece which, instead of
moving forward like a clock, moves back-
ward and, therefore, rolls back time. In
connection with that presentation, I took
the liberty to offer a few quotations
from a poem by Elizabeth Akers.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
quotations made a part of my remarks
so that they may also be included In the
document in which the speeches are to
be assembled.
There being no objection, the poem
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 20, 1965
ROCK ME TO SLEEP
Backward, turn backward, 0 Time, in your
flight,
Make me a child again just for tonight.
Mother, come back from the echoless shore,
Take me again to your heart as of yore;
K*.ss from my forehead the furrows of care,
Smooth the few silver threads out of my
hair;
Over my slumbers your loving watch keep-
Rock me to sleep, mother-rock me to sleep.
Backward, flow backward, O tide of the
years.
I am so weary of toil and of tears-
Toil without recompense, tears all in vain-
Take them and give me my childhood again.
I have grown weary of dust and decay,
Weary of flinging my soul wealth away,
Weary of sowing for others to reap-
Rock me to sleep, mother-rock me to sleep.
-ELI7.AaETi3 AKERS.
Mr. PROUTY. Mr. President, Mark
Trice has been a part of the Senate for
45 years. He is much too young to be
termed an institution, but one can say
in. all honesty that he is a tradition.
That tradition embodies respect for his
fellow man, a willingness to counsel when
counsel is needed, and simply a readi-
ness to lift your spirits up when every-
thing else is getting you down.
In defining a gentleman, Cardinal
Newman once said that "it is almost
enough to say that a gentleman is one
who never inflicts pain."
Yes, Mark Trice is a gentleman in
that spirit, but that does not say it all.
As he would refrain from inflicting
pain. on any one, so too would he sacri-
fice his own comfort if it would bring an
iota of happiness to another.
On his 45th anniversary of service in
the Senate-we salute Mark as an ad-
viser, as a gentleman, but above all-
as a friend.
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, some-
body described the perfect staff man as
one "with a passion for anonymity."
When you add to that characteristic an
equal passion for complete and equal-
handed unselfish service, you are just
beginning to describe Mark Trice. It
did not take him 45 years to learn to an-
ticipate the differing needs and problems
of Senators with wide differences in ex-
perience, seniority, and personality. To
each he conveys the impression that that
man's problems are just a little more im-
portant than usual and for each he has
just the right suggestions. I am sure of
this because ever since I came to the
Senate as a freshman I have been the
recipient of many special services and
kindnesses.
I am sure the Senate is a stronger and
more effective legislative body because
Mark Trice has `for so long been one of
its unseen buttresses.
Mr. JORDAN of Idaho. Mr. Presi-
dent, in spite of the fact that I have not
been a Member of this body nearly so
long as some, I do feel qualified to give
testimony to the full measure of dedica-
tion and devotion to duty that has
marked the 45 years of service of Mark
Trice at the Capitol.
Coming to the Senate as I did in the
latter portion of a session, I quickly real-
ized the necessity of having reliable
information not only on the issues at
hand, but also information on Senate
procedures and operation. My colleagues
quickly referred me to the secretary of
the minority, Mark Trice. This was
sound guidance. I received the informa-
tion I needed and Mark Trice more than
once kept the junior Senator from Idaho
from blundering astray. Furthermore,
Mr. Trice began at once to provide me
the education needed by a new Senator.
Now, one would expect the secretary
to the Senate minority to guide new Sen-
ators of the minority side of the aisle.
But the manner and way this aid is given
is what puts Mark Trice in a class by
himself. He never takes advantage of
his position. He is devoted to helping
Senators perform their senatorial duties
in the best way. And above all, certainly
not the least of Mark Trice's commenda-
ble traits is his integrity. He is friendly,
amiable, unobstrusive, and yet Mark
Trice commands the respect of all who
work with him regardless of which side
of the aisle they may have a seat in the
Senate Chambers.
Whether one is the most junior Mem-
ber of the Senate or the most senior
Member, all can seek and get valuable
advice and assistance from Mark Trice.
Those who receive this advice can always
be assured that it will be given in the
best interests of both the individual and
the effective, responsible operation of the
Senate.
Mr. President, as a member of the Re-
publican team in the Senate, I am grate-
ful. to Mark Trice for his devoted service
in the past 45 years. I wish him well
and congratulate him as he begins his
46th year in the Senate. I am privileged
to have him as my friend.
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, today is
the 45th anniversary of service to the
Senate of J. Mark Trice, secretary to the
minority.
Such a period of service seems almost
unbelievable when one considers the
comparative youthful appearance of this
fine public servant, and I suspect that
his wonderful wife, Margaret, has had a
great deal to do with it.
The secretary to the minority comes
about as close to being a Republican
Senator as one can without actually
being one. He probably spends more
time on the Senate floor than any of us,
and his knowledge of pending legislation
and parliamentary procedure is invalu-
able in enabling the regular Senate
Members to be informed at all times,
merely by calling the floor, while we are
necessarily in committee meetings or in
our offices.
I have, in my 5 years here, found Mark
Trice a source of friendly, wise counsel-
always cheerful, always helpful, and al-
ways with the highest sense of dedica-
tion to the Senate and its Members.
I join with my colleagues in heartiest
congratulations to Mark and Margaret.
We are most proud of you, and you have
our deepest affection.
Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr.
President, I wish to join my colleagues
in congratulating Mark Trice on his 45
years of service in the Senate.
Starting as a page, Mark has practi-
cally grown up with the Senate. During
the more than 20 years I have been asso-
ciated with him, I have found him to be
one of the most dedicated, able, and per-
sonable public servants I have ever
known. He handles a very difficult job
in a most commendable way. Not many
could serve so well. His 45 ;years of con-
tinuous service in itself speaks better
than words of the esteem and respect in
which he is held by all of the Members
of the Senate.
I treasure his friendship and express
the fond hope that he will be serving the
U.S. Senate for many, many years to
come.
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, today,
I would speak of Mark Trice, and of his
courtesy and, his helpfulness. We ap-
preciate these qualities, but to me the
outstanding characteristics which have
attended Mark Trice have been his
steadiness, his correctness, his sense of
duty, and his respect and loyalty for the
Senate as an institution of our Govern-
ment and of our country. Mark Trice
has served both his party and the Senate
of the United States faithfully and hon-
orably, and we honor him for this service.
TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE
BUSINESS
By unanimous consent, the following
routine business was transacted:
REPORT OF SURVEY ON BANK PRO-
TECTION WORKS ADJACENT TO
RAILROAD ALONG EEL RIVER,
CALIF.
The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be-
fore the Senate a letter from the Deputy
Director, Office of Emergency Planning,
Executive Office of the President, trans-
mitting, for the information of the Sen-
ate, a report of survey on bank protec-
tion works adjacent to railroad along Eel
River, Calif., which, with the accom-
panying report, was referred to the Com-
mittee on Public Works.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES
The following reports of committees
were submitted:
By Mr. SYMINGTON, from the Committee
on Armed Services, with an amendment:
H.R. 7596. An act to amend title 10, United
States Code, to remove inequities in the ac-
tive duty promotion opportunity of certain
Air Force officers (Rept. No. 6:34).
By Mr. ERVI N, from the Committee on the
Judiciary, without amendment:
S. 356. A bill for the relief of Miloye M.
Sokitch (Rept. No. 636).
FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF
SELECT COMMITTEE ON SMALL
BUSINESS-MINORITY AND ADDI-
TIONAL VIEWS (S. REPT. NO. 635)
Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, on
behalf of the Senator from Alabama
[Mr. SPARKMAN], chairman of the Select
Committee on Small Business, I submit
that committee's 15th annual report, to-
gether with minority and additional
views, and ask that it be printed.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Without objection, it is so
ordered.
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about in dismay, and in confusion, not know-
ing whither to turn. The darker the days
become, the more glorious this blessed hope
shines in our lives. I come to you with a
message of encouragement, and hope and as-
surance and cheer, that one of these days,
just as surely as Jesus came and died on
the Cross the first time, and arose from the
grave, and ascended into Heaven. He is
coming again. Coming again, to put a stop
to all the wickedness, the inequality, and
iniquity of this present day, put an end
to man's rule of failure and bungling, and
to set up His glorious, millennial Kingdom.
Yes, indeed, one of these days-
"The Lord himself shall descend from
Heaven with a shout, with the voice of the
archangel, and with the trump of God : and
the dead in Christ shall rise first:
"Then we which are alive and remain
shall be caught up together with them in
the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air:
and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
"Wherefore comfort one another with
IMPRESSIEWS OF THE WAR IN
VIETNAM
Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, it is dif-
ficult for the average American to vis-
ualize and understand the kind of life
faced by our Armed Forces in Vietnam.
During periods of hostility most of us are
dependent upon the perceptive powers
and accuracy of those writers who are
privileged to live with troops in the field
for our knowledge of their everyday ex-
periences and sacrifices.
Recently a young information special-
ist, Pfc. Richard A. Busse, of Gary, Ind.,
wrote an excellent article depicting in
clear yet moving terms some GI reactions
to the problems and tribulations con-
fronting our men in Vietnam. This fine
analysis is much in the tradition of
Ernie Pyle, our famous Hoosier reporter
of World War II. Because indirectly it
will help citizens at home comprehend
in a limited way the thoughts and feel-
ings of those now serving in Vietnam, I
ask unanimous consent that this article,
which appeared in the Gary Post-Trib-
une for July 21, 1965, be printed at this
point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
GARY MAN AT SCENE TELLS How WAR HITS
VIETNAMESE
(EDITOR's NoTE.-Pfc. Richard A. Busse, son
of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Busse, 4722 Grant
Street, is an information specialist in Viet-
nam. He is a 1968 graduate of Calumet
Township High School and a 1962 graduate of
Northwestern University. Busse is in the
last year of a 3-year enlistment in the Army.
Previous to duty in Vietnam he was stationed
in Korea. Busse is a reporter of service news
in Vietnam and has also had articles printed
in the Saigon Daily News. In this article he
gives his first impressions of Vietnam, its
people, and the GI's who have come there to
aid in the fight for freedom.)
. (By Richard A. Busse)
A child is crying. Its bandaged limbs hurt,
The stretcher on which medics have placed it
is not its own bed. It asks for its mother
and father, but they are dead, in the charred
skeleton of a village sacked and burned by
Vietcong guerrillas trained by agents of Com-
munist He Chi-minh.
No one can yet determine whether the
shock of the terror the child saw will leave
it as scarred within for the rest of its life
as it is without. But the chances are it will.
At this moment a magic contrast to the
violence it experienced adds to the child's
confusion. Gentle hands from far away
bring it foods comfort, mercy. They heal,
and the strangers' soft voices, speaking a
language it cannot comprehend, sound
understanding.
The child's people were not warlike. On
the contrary, they were traditionally wor-
shippers of "the peaceful" and "the tran-
quil." They were unskilled in methods of
self-defense, But peaceful men of such
intensity who toil all day long to plant and
harvest rice on the land of their fathers,
grandfathers, and ancestors, do not have time
to build walls against countrymen they do
not know are their enemies.
They tried to defend themselves when the
truth broke upon them, using desperation
against an enemy more skilled at guerrilla
warfare than the best armies in the world.
There was no reason to the slaughter the
child saw, just cunning insanity. To end it,
the survivors would have to learn how to go
out and destroy it, or forever live at the point
of its sword. But someone would have to
teach them how, because peaceful natures
cannot be changed overnight.
Until then there would be more lonely
aftermaths like this one, and more futile
emotion; the anguish of more children left
without their parents, and bewildered dogs
rummaging through garbage.
While Gray works, plays, and sleeps, the
sound of mortar and artillery never ceases to
come from west of Saigon. Every night it
grumbles dully, sometimes shaking the
ground, compelling many of the new men
just in from the States, Korea, Okinawa, and
other bases throughout the Pacific, to lie
awake, staring into the darkness of their
tents, asking themselves * * * _"what about
tomorrow * * * what will tomorrow be?"
They live in a reception station, a tent,
city growing every day to handle more and
more incoming troops.
Many here await transportation to duty
stations all over Vietnam: outposts like Da
Nang, Pleiku, and Vung Tau; Soc Trang,
Dalat, and Bien Hoa; Due Hoa, Due My, and
Phu Lam; Vinh Long, Song Be, Dong Xoal,
Binh Gia, and many many more.
Listen for these names. Try to remember
them. As time goes by they will become as
familiar to the Americans in the fields and
towns of Indiana who inform themselves as
they are now to the Americans who man the
outposts in the fields of South Vietnam.
These names sound strange today, as
strange as the names of battlegrounds dur-
ing World War II and Korea did to the gen-
erations who made them immortal.
Whether he is in a tent-city reception sta-
tion, an outpost at night under attack by
insurgent guerrillas, or in a rear area fighting
a lonely battle against time or concern over
personal problems at home, the GI does not
take it entirely for granted that every Ameri-
can agrees with his being here.
Neither does the marine on patrol in the
jungles around Da Nang, or the sailor in
hostile' waters far off shore in the South
China Sea, or the airman whose plane is hit
and in trouble somewhere over North Viet-
nam.
It's a "helluva" way to have to go through
a day over here, knowing that. But he fig-
ures the dissenting opinions in situations
like this always point up the difference be-
tween being near something and far away
from it; between judging something from a
distance and being involved in it up to your
neck.
Some men receive their hometown papers.
Some have access to popular stateside mag-
azines on current events. Some can tune
in on honest appraisals of the news from
Washington over the Armed Forces Radio
Service. Democracy provides freedom of in-
formation and he makes use of it.
He reads about mothers back home asking
"Why must mothers mourn?"
No, he feels, it's not a crime for mothers
to ask if their son's participation in the war
in Vietnam is a necessary thing. They should
ask if only because it is a way of life with
us to hold the value of the individual human
soul above all else, especially when that soul
is a son's.
But he feels it is a woman's question in a
man's world. He feels that fathers who have
fought on foreign soil understand his situa-
tion only too well. There is a certain com-
mon chemistry about sons who wear their
country's uniform. There is only one age
among them -* * * the age of duty.
Harassing fire continues in the night.
Enemies probe for each other. Single bursts
boom across the horizon, then whole volleys.
Sometimes flares drift down on parachutes,
lighting the sky and the earth below when
friendly forces want to see what the Vietcong
are up to. At night the Vietcong is in his
element. The flares burn with a dazzling
golden light and leave erratic trails of white-
looking smoke.
Tent city is judged a relatively safe place
by the men who live there, because it hasn't
been hit by the Vietcong yet.
Some men sit alone in the darkened tents,
writing letters home by flashlight. Others
worry about why none have been coming
from home. GI's bless the balmy sea breeze
embracing the land at night, tolerate the
monsoon rains.which come at all hours, and
curse the torrid heat of the day.
They have done their details. They have
filled sandbags for bunker construction,
painted latrines, dug a few ditches, and
policed the compound, And they have
sweated. Some now walk guard. Most of the
guards are privates, and most of the privates
are kids on their first time away from home
and families. But they're doing all right.
Some men lie on their bunks, staring into
the darkness, listening to the sound of war
rumbling distantly. Perhaps the outpost he
will be going to lies in that direction. Yet
he knows directions make no difference be-
cause the war is all around. There are no
lines, no fronts, no thoroughly safe rear
areas anywhere. The guerrilla can hit any-
where, sometimes singly by planting a bomb
or throwing a grenade, or he may come in
small groups, or in platoon, company, or
battalion strength. Worrying about it is use-
less. But nobody loses sight of the fact that
it could happen. It's really all a matter of
chance.
It is a different kind of war, the kind he
read about in the magazines before he got
here; the unorthodox new tactics, the new
weapons and new usages for old weapons,
the sneak hit-and-run attacks the ambush,
the terrorist raids, and the Vietcong-Viet-
namese Communist-"VC" in f*I jargon.
But the American soldier is resilient. No
matter where he is he brings a part of Amer-
ica with him. It is alive in his laughter, his
wit, and his love of life and freedom.
They ask questions amongst themselves,
trying to put a picture together of their new
situation, as they smoke outside their tents.
They discuss all the rumors they've heard
since arriving. They speculate on what the
duty will be like where they are going. Some
men's orders have been changed since ar-
riving. They're going to a place they haven't
looked up on a map yet.
"Hey, where's Phu Bai?"
"Anybody know where Ban Me Thuot Is?"
Nobody ever gets the pronunciations right,
but after a while everybody gets to under-
stand.
Names, places, stories, and scuttlebutt;
each man tries to find his own niche in
this struggle for which his generation now
bears the burden of such great responsibility.
In a blacked-out tent a GI talks to his
buddy in the next bunk. Ele gripes about his
discomforts, the lousy luck that brought him
here, the good job he had to give up back
home, the sweet car he was paying on, his
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 20437
to turn to a number of others. First of all,
will you follow in your Bible as we consider
Isaiah 65: 19.
"And I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy
in my people: and the voice of weeping shall
be no more heard in her, nor the voice of
crying.
"There shall be no more thence an infant
of days, nor an old man that bath not filled
his days: for the child shall die an hundred
years old; but the sinner being an hundred
years old shall be accursed.
"And they shall build houses, and inhabit
them; and they shall plant vineyards, and
eat the fruit of them.
"They shall not build, and another in-
habit; they shall not plant, and another
eat: for as the days of a tree are the days
of my people, and mine elect shall long enjoy
the work of their hands.
"They shall not labor in vain, nor bring
forth for trouble; for they are the seed of
the blessed of the Lord, and their offspring
with them" (Isaiah 65: 19-23).
This is an exceedingly rich passage of
Scripture, and we suggest that you study
it for your own private devotion. There are
several things to be noted which, as the con-
text will clearly show, are a description of
the conditions that will exist in this world
during that coming golden age, centering in
the city of Jerusalem, the world capital in
that wonderful day when Jesus reigns upon
the throne of David.
First of all, will you notice that the Lord
promises that In this wonderful age, which
we believe lies in the not-too-distant future,
sorrow and weeping and crying will be for-
ever banished. The Lord will remove those
things which are causing the sorrows of this
world today. Satan, of course, will be bound
during that age, and cast into the bottom-
less pit. All men will at least nominally
profess to know the Lord Jesus and bow the
knee to Him, to that sorrow and troubles
and trials which beset us today will be ut-
terly unknown when Jesus reigns upon the
throne in Jerusalem. Then will you notice,
in the second place, that this passage also
teaches that life will be greatly prolonged
during the millennial age.
"There shall be no more thence an in-
fant of days, nor an old man that bath not
filled his days: for the child shall die an
hundred years old" (Isaiah 65: 20).
From this interesting passage we And that
life will be so tremendously lengthened that
a child will not mature until he is at least
a hundred years old. All the processes of life
will be slowed up, so that a child will remain
a child for an entire century. As a result,
since a child is not responsible until he has
come to the years of accountability and this
age of accountability will not be reached in
the millennium until after a century of life
here upon the earth, there can be no infant
death of any kind. No one will die during
the miIliennium. under 100 years old, because
the only cause of death will be open, deliber-
ate, presumptuous rebellion against the King.
The Minimum span of life will be 100 years,
and only after the child has reached a hun-
dred years, and the age of responsibility and
accountability, will it be possible for it to
(tie, and then, as we have stated, only in case
of open rebellion against the King, the Lord
Jesus. So that we read further: "? * * the
sinner being an hundred years old shall be
accursed" (Isaiah 65: 20).
in the 22d verse of this same chapter we
read: "' * * as the days of a tree are the
days of my people, and mine elect shall long
enjoy the work of their hands" (Isaiah Si:
22).
Since a thousand years is with the Lord as
I day, and I day is as a thousand years, we
can understand these statements. You will
recall that God said to Adam in the Garden,
"The day thou eateat thereof thou shalt
surely die." Since a thousand years is as 1
day with the Lord, God told Adam that he
because of sin could not live out the span of
1,000 years upon the earth, which is equal to
one of God's days; and as a result Adam and
all other antediluvians died before they ever
reached the age of 1,000 years. But at the
coming of Christ and the setting up of the
Kingdom, the curse will be removed, and
then men will live out the full day of God,
!,000 blessed years.
Sickness will be unknown
We said a moment ago that the only cause
of death in the millennium will be a result
of the immediate judgment of God upon
open rebellion of sinners. We are further
told in the Scriptures that sickness will be
unknown during this blessed age of Christ's
reign upon the earth. In Isaiah 35, we read:
"Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened,
and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.
"Then shall the lame man leap as an hart,
and the tongue of the dumb sing" (Isaiah
35: 5.6).
If you will notice carefully the context of
this passage, especially the 34th chapter, you
will notice that the time referred to is the
time of Christ's return and the setting up
of His Kingdom here upon the earth. All
sickness, therefore, will be banished. In
Isaiah 33: 24, we read this:
"And the inhabitant shall not say, I am
sick: the people that dwell therein shall be
forgiven their iniquity" (Isaiah 33: 24).
I realize that it is exceedingly difficult for
us to imagine this in an age of sorrow and
sickness, suffering and death, on every hand;
however, there will be a period of 1,000 years
when there will be no hospitals, no clinics,
no ambulances screaming down our streets,
for there will be no sickness and no disease.
According to the Word of God, there will be
only the occasional funeral service when
someone who has openly rebelled against the
King of Kings will suffer the immediate
judgment of Almighty God.
No more poverty
The next thing we are told In this won-
derful passage concerning the Millennium is
that poverty and want shall be abolished for-
ever and ever. Inequality among people will
be wiped out, and there will be that common
blessing of Almighty God upon all. In
Isaiah 65 we read once again:
"And they shall build houses, and inhabit
them; and they shall plant vineyards, and
eat the fruit of them.
"They shall not build, and another in-
habit; they shall not plant, and another
eat" (Isaiah 65: 21, 22).
Everyone will be self-employed, and shall
enjoy the full fruitage of his own labor. The
prophet Micah tells us: "But they shall sit
every man under his vine and under his fig
tree" (Micah 4: 4).
Every single inhabitant of the world in
that age will be independent, own his own
property and his own home, and provide for
his own family in abundance. There will be
no want, there will be no hunger, there will
be no thirsting, there will be no problem of
distribution, there will be no famine of any
kind, but all will have enough, and all shall
be satisfied.
The Bible tells us also that in this wonder-
ful age, all of the religious controversy and
strife and difference of opinion which has be-
come such a reproach shall be forever ended.
There will not be a large number of religions
all contending one with another, but in-
stead one great world religion will be the re-
sult. In Micah 4 we read concerning the
worship in this wonderful age:
"And many nations shall come, and say,
Come, and let us go up to the mountain of
the Lord, and to the house of the God of
Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and
we will walk in his paths: for the law shall
go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord
from Jerusalem" (Micah 4:2).
In this same vein we read the following in
Jeremiah 31: 34:
"And they shall teach no more every man
his neighbour, and every man his brother,
saying, Know the Lord: for they shall all
know me, from the least of them unto the
greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will
forgive their iniquity, and I will remember
their sin no more" (Jeremiah 31: 34).
The Apostle Paul writing in the New Testa-
ment also speaks of this coming day, when
all of the divisions, not only of Christianity.
but all religions will be forever past, and all
men shall be worshipers of the Lord Jesus, at
least in outward profession. Paul tells us
that the day is coming, when "at the name
of Jesus every knee should bow, of things In
heaven, and things in earth, and things under
the earth;
"And that every tongue should confess
that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of
God the Father" (Philippians 2:10, 11).
We have already touched upon the fact
that during this age there will be universal
peace. There will be no military training
camps, no war plailes, no battleships, no hos-
tile submarine activity, there will not even
be any munitions factories, for in that day
they shall "beat their swords into plowshares,
and their spears into pruninghooks: nation
shall not rise up against nation, neither shall
they learn war any more." Time would ut-
terly fall us to quote passage after passage
from Scripture, all of them with one accord
and without contradiction speaking of that
glorious age for which every true child of
God must be looking.
Truly as we look upon conditions in the
world today, if we did not have this hope
of Christ's returning, and we had to rely
upon the power of the church, and the testi-
mony of Christians to bring about the cessa-
tion of hostilities and to bring In perfect
righteousness, I for one would despair and
give up hope entirely. Personally, if I did not
believe in the Imminent, personal return of
the Lord Jesus to make right that which is
all wrong in this world today, and to bring
in the peace for which man has so long been
sighing, and for which he has so long been
looking, I don't think I would care to preach
another sermon. I would have to admit that
the whole thing is a failure, and that the
Gospel has not accomplished that which we
had expected, and that Christianity is noth-
ing else but another religion, and a tremen-
dous farce.
But, glory be to God, we have this assur-
ance, we who know His program, that He who
said Its would come, will come, and will not
tarry. His last promise which He left with
His disciples was "I am coming again." The
last promise of the Bible Is:
"He which testifieth these things saith,
Surely I come quickly" (Revelation 22:20).
So we can praise God that in the midst of
all the darkening clouds of impending judg-
ment and the ominous shadows of dark days
ahead, when men's hearts are failing them
for fear of things which are coming to pass
upon the earth, we can still believe for our-
selves that everything is going to be all right,
that God is still on the throne, His program
is being carried out in this world, and that
soon He will come and take away the veil,
and explain all that which today remains
a mystery to us. We are not only happy
that we can believe this for ourselves, and re-
joice in. the comfort which it brings to our
own hearts, but we do thank God for the
blessed privilege and opportunity of being
able to bring it to others, to broadcast this
message to a lost world, the message of hope
and cheer which the world needs so much
today.
What a glorious, wonderful message it is to
bring to a world which today is floundering
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girl, the gang he ran around with on the
block, and the good life a million miles away.
This is a GI's heritage a script he doesn't
realize he ' knows already, handed down
through this century from generations of
Americans who spent nights in tents like
this on battlefields all over the world.
His buddy doesn't answer, and he wonders
how a guy can sleep so hard so fast.
The American soldier in tent city is im-
patient to get going. He is perpetually tired
of standing in lines and waiting for things.
Nothing will satisfy him more, aside from
going home, than to get to his new unit where
he can begin the countdown of days until
his 12-month tour is over and he can go
home, to his folks, his car, and his girl, and
the good life again.
Other men, the college age men, look for-
ward to home and school, many of them.
Older men, lifers in the service, look for-
ward to getting back to the wives and chil-
dren they had to leave behind.
Nothing in the Army will be good enough
for the GI until then. But that's good. It
gives a man something to fight for.
The GI can be cynical, gross, and irrever-
ent. He can also be profound, reverent,
and proud; comic, outspoken, and patriotic.
He would probably never be able to adjust
in another army where men are disciplined
more for speaking out, because he is an
American and these personal liberties are
also a way of life. He has always been so.
He will put down the cocky youngster
who thinks the world owes him an apology
for throwing a curve into his life-like Viet-
nam. Yet he and the same kid will carry
each other home the next night after a few
beers. He will go out of his way to com-
municate with the local ladies, and he'll
play with the throngs of children who gather
around the compound to chase bugs in the
glare of the floodlights, to say "hello"
(every one of them), to ask "shine shoes?"
and generally to gawk at the "big eyes" from
far away.
He likes children. He can't turn his back
on one; the spunky, rugged little Vietnamese
boys who want to punch, wrestle around,
and try out their karate, and the delicate,
very femimine, and very lovely little Viet-
namese girls with the beautiful long black
hair who stand aside shyly; the little pee-
wee who comes toddling up without his
pants to be with bigger boys, or the hungry
little kid who comes up and asks for a
nickel.
He works magic with these children. It's
called a smile, a stick of gum, a small candy
bar, and a big heart.
There is an undercurrent around which
tells him almost instinctively that this land
is witnessing a showdown between an ide-
-ology like his, which cherishes the value of
the individual human soul, like the souls
of these children, and the dogma which
places far greater value on the individual's
back, a value like the Vietcong's brand of
communism.
He still has a lot to learn about personal
diplomacy with people whose ways of life
are different from his own, and that, when
walking down a sidewalk in another man's
land, it is often a sign of great humility to
allow that man the center of the sidewalk.
But he is learning * * * every day.
He cannot be certain of the future, but
he is determined to have one. And many
GI's, more than some Americans not here
can ever know first hand, are determined
that these Vietnamese kids and their fami-
lies will have a future, too.
He is apprehensive of that moment when
the burden of battle may be dropped on his
shoulders for the first time; when the qual-
ities of mercy and charity, ingrained in him
since childhood might have to be shoved
aside if it becomes necessary to kill a man.
Others will have no compunctions about
pulling the trigger on a Vietcong.
He senses that the character of war and
the rumble of distant conflict remain con-
stant in their honesty. They are what they
appear to be and nothing more or less. They
seek not to impress because they are not
living things of flesh and blood, like men.
But they do impress, the first time, and last-
ingly, for neither souls nor consciences have
been built into them, or the power to deceive.
What they are they make no excuses for.
Neither do they repent. They know no
better, and there is no hope of their ever
being taught or learning differently.
This is why no man can forget them who
has over associated himself with them or
experienced the havoc they wreak.
Nobody ever guaranteed that living or
dying In this century would be easy. It's
natural that a heavy burden should tire a
man's shoulders, even a great nation's shoul-
ders. But it is how well a man or nation
carries its burdens that bespeaks its char-
acter. And here in the embattled republic,
humanity calls.
To the American soldier who will have
served here, died here, and survived here,
it will have sounded eternally profane for
the secure at home to have said, "you men
were wrong and your ordeal in vain."
Let the man guard his words who has not
been here, who has not seen, and felt, and
known this war.
Let us ever guard his right to dissent. But
one Sunday in the church of his choice may
he instead ask God to grant the Americans
here and to those to come, the South Viet-
namese soldier in battle for his Republic,
and the Allies here to help him, one fair
request:
"The serenity to accept the things they
cannot change here;
The courage to change the things they can;
And the wisdom to know the difference."
MARITIME RESTRICTION PREVENTS
AMERICAN WHEAT SALES
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, the
regrettable shipping restriction which
makes it impossible for the United States
to sell- wheat to Russia and Eastern Eu-
rope cannot be defended on any rational
ground. The unfortunate aspects of
such restriction is further underscored in
an excellent editorial published in the
Chicago Daily News of August 13, 1965.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial may be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Chicago (Ill.) Daily News, Aug.
13, 1965]
RUSSIA TURNS WEST FOR WHEAT
Russia has plunged into the Western
wheat market in a big way with orders for
214 million bushels from Canada to cost
$450 million. The purchase reflects another
bad harvest in the Soviet Union and raises a
strong possibility that Russia will once more
seek a deal to buy grain from the United
States.
U.S. wheat sales to Russia lack the sim-
plicity of the Canadian approach. To Cana-
dians, business is business, and if Russia,
Red China, or any other Communist country
has the money, Canada will sell. Here the
grain business gets intertwined with domes-
tic and international politics and prejudice
until the strands are lost.
Already, forces are, being marshalled in
Washington to block any wheat sales to
Communist countries. This despite the ex-
perience of 2 years ago, when Russia bought
$145 million worth of wheat in the United
States without undermining the Statue of
Liberty.
U.S. stores of surplus wheat have declined
a bit in recent years, to -a current 12-year
low. But there were still 819 million bushels
in the bins as of July 1, being stored at a
massive cost to the taxpayer and otherwise
contributing to the insoluble farm problem.
An opportunity to sell some of this surplus
on the world market ought not to be lightly
dismissed.
Much of our surplus grain goes to coun-
tries that can pay only in soft, local curren-
cies, which means the sale is virtually a gift.
Russia pays in hard currencies on the inter-
national market, which is no small consider-
ation in view of our precarious balance-of-
payments situation.
There are, of course, ample reasons for
caution in trading with the Soviets that do
not arise in trade with our allies. It would
be foolhardy, for example, to extend long-
term credits to Russia and thereby help build
up an economy that is in threatening compe-
tition with our own.
But we find no merit in the emotional
argument that selling Russia subsidized
wheat constitutes an American subsidy to
Russia. It is the American farmer and ex-
porter who benefit from the subsidy, not the
nation that buys grain at the world market
price. And if we block sales of grain to Rus-
sia, there is nothing to prevent middleman
nations from buying our grain at the world
price and reaping a profit from selling flour
to Russia. -
Nor should we overlook the propaganda
value in the simple fact that the Commu-
nist nations turn to the West when they
need wheat. Nothing they could do would
better illustrate the basic point we are try-
ing to make: Our system works; theirs
doesn't.
CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT AND
REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT FINANCED BY THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, the Con-
gress needs to maintain Government-
wide oversight and review of the research
and development being financed by the
Federal Government. The distinguished
Senator from Arkansas [Mr MCCLEL-
LAN] has long recognized that need and
has himself done significant and valuable
work toward that end in his capacity as
chairman of the oversight committee of
the Senate, the Government Operations
Committee, on which I am honored to
serve. I am greatly pleased that our
distinguished chairman [Mr. MCCLEL-
LAN] has created a special Subcommittee
on Government Research in the Senate
Government Operations Committee, and
has appointed me to chair it.
With the help of the able and hard-
working Senators who have been ap-
pointed as members of this subcommit-
tee, we will do our best to carry out the
job our distinguished chairman has given
us.
Mr. President, to further explain the
subcommittee's work and scope of oper-
ations, I ask unanimous consent that a
statement by the distinguished Senator
from Arkansas [Mr. MCCLELLAN], dated
August 20, 1965, and a statement which
I made on the same date, be inserted in
the RECORD at this point.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 20, 1965
There being no objection, the state-
ments were ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT BY SENATOR JOHN L. MCCLELLAN,
CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT
OPERATIONS, AUGUST 20, 1965
Senator JOHN MCCLELLAN announced to-
day that he has appointed a Special Sub-
committee on Government Research of the
Committee on Government Operations, to be
composed of Senators FRED R. HARRIS, of
Oklahoma, as chairman, MCCLELLAN,
ABRAHAM RIRICOFF, JOSEPH M. MONTOYA,
KARL E. MUNDT, and MILWARD L. SIMpsoN.
The subcommittee will be authorized and
directed to undertake intensive studies, in-
cluding hearings as may be necessary, into
the operations of research and development
programs financed by departments and agen-
cies of the Federal Government. The studies
will include research in such fields as eco-
nomics and social science, as well as basic
science, research and technology. Special
emphasis will be placed on those programs
now being carried out through contracts
with higher educational Institutions and
private organizations, corporations and in-
dividuals, to determine the need for the
establishment of national research, develop-
ment and manpower policies and programs,
in order to bring about government-wide
coordination and elimination of overlapping
and duplication of scientific and research
activities.
The subcommittee will be further directed
to examine existing research information
operations, the impact of Federal research
and development programs on institutions
of higher learning, and to recommend the
establishment of programs to insure equit-
able distribution of research and develop-
ment contracts among such institutions and
other contractors.
The staff of the full Committee on Govern-
ment Operations will be assigned to provide
the necessary staff services to the subcom-
mittee, and the subcommitee chairman will
be authorized to appoint, without compensa-
tion, such technical advisors and consultants
as may be required to attain the subcom-
mittee's objectives. Should these studies in-
dicate that legislative action may be required
to develop an adequate and comprehensive
program covering these operations, the sub-
committee will be directed to submit ap-
propriate recommendations to the Commit-
tee on Government Operations.
STATEMENT OF SENATOR FRED R. HARRIS, OF
OKLAHOMA, AUGUST 20, 1965
I am grateful to Senator JOHN L. MCCLEL-
IAN, of Arkansas, chairman of the Govern-
ment Operations Committee, for the creation
at my suggestion of a special Subcommittee
on Government Research, and for his ap-
pointment of me to chair the new subcom-
mittee.
The Federal Government is the largest pur-
chaser of research today. The Government is
spending approximately $15 billion a year for
research and development, or more than 15
percent of the total annual budget. This
compares with a Government expenditure for
the same ptitrpose of around $75 million in
1940 and $2 billion in 1953.
More than half of those engaged in. re-
search in this country are financed by the
Federal Government and most of the others
are influenced by its research programs.
The Subcommittee on Government Re-
search will be an active subcommittee, ex-
amining into all aspects of the huge, $15
billion annual expenditure for Federal re-
search and development programs. I plan
to call a meeting of the subcommittee soon
to discuss objectives and to lay our work for
next session and the balance of this session.
I have long been concerned with the sub-
ject embraced by this new subcommittee.
Vice President HUBERTHUMPHREY, as chair-
man of a Government Operations Subcom-
mittee on Executive Reorganization and In-
ternational Organizations, undertook in 1960
studies of this matter, as did a House Select
Committee on Government Research in 1963
and 1969:.
Presently, there is no way for one agency
to find out readily whether a subject pro-
posed to be researched by it is or has been
the subject of research by some other gov-
ernmental agency. There is no centralized
oversight or review of research contracts let
by the various departments and agencies of
the Federal Government.
Research results are not readily accessible
to government agencies or the general public,
because there is no centralized filing, index-
ing, or reporting of them.
No present administrative procedure exists
to require substantial justification for the
letting of particular contracts. Each agency
pretty much makes its own decisions on
whether research contracts should be let and
to whom.
Universities and other prospective research
contractors have no regular way of knowing
in advance- what research and development
contracts are to be let.
The $15 billion annual expenditure by the
Federal Government for research and de-
velopment has tremendous impact on higher
education and our economy generally. There
is no overall national policy on research or
the proper use of research manpower re-
sources.
Approximately 100 of the 1,800 colleges
and universities in America receive the bulk
of research contracts let to higher education
institutions. Twenty universities do approx-
imately two-thirds of the Government re-
search work and, not surprisingly, these
same 20 universities graduate about two-
thirds of the Ph. D. 's in the country. The re-
sult obviously is that the favored institutions
have grown stronger while the unfavored ones
have become less able to compete for research
projects.
Lastly, our subcommittee, in addition to
;considering these various aspects of the
problem, will also be concerned with making
recommendations for the establishment of
administrative machinery to eliminate dup-
lications-and overlapping of research projects
handled by different Federal agencies and to
reduce unnecessary expenditures.
COOPERATIVE ACTION TO ELIM-
INATE IMMEDIATE AND DEEP-
SEATED CAUSES OF RIOTS
Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, last
Tuesday I addressed a letter to the Pres-
ident of the United States making sev-
eral recommendations for action in con-
nection with the tragic holocaust occur-
ring in my State last week.
Yesterday I received an excellent and
constructive reply from the President
telling me that my suggestions would be
thoroughly considered. I ask unanimous
consent that both letters be printed in
the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the letters
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
AUGUST 17, 1965.
Hon. LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Recently in the Watts
district of the city of Los Angeles in my
State, the Nation and the world witnessed a
tragic outbreak of violence and destruction.
Apparently, law and order have now been re-
established. Sociologists will long study
what caused this explosion but the time for
constructive measures by both the legislative
and executive branches of the National Gov-
ernment, and by the State government, and
the communities affected is now.
I have long supported the establishment
and continuation of the programs carried out
under the Economic Opportunity Act which
is now before the Senate. I believe it is es-
sential that all Federal agencies, as well as
those dealing with the antipoverty program
be immediately mobilized on a coordinated
basis to make the reconstruction of the
Watts area a true demonstration of self-help
and cooperation between private and public
groups. I would hope that the resources
not only of the Office of Economic Opportu-
nity, but also of the Housing and Home
Finance Agency, the Small Business Admin-
istration, the Department of Labor through
the manpower development, retraining, and
employment programs would be imagina-
tively extended to those who have suffered
so much in this area. Certainly programs
such as Volunteers in Service to America
(VISTA) would be immensely helpful in
working with community organizations to
further adult participation on a neighbor-
hood basis in community life. I understand
such a program has already been success-
fully conducted on a demonstration basis
in Philadelphia.
Surely, all arrangements should be im-
mediately made to eliminate the causes of
this holocaust. I respectfully believe the
Federal Government can be of great assist-
ance in this critically important field.
With sincere respect,
THOMAS H. KUCHEL.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Washington, D.C., August 19, 1965.
Hon. THOMAS H. KUCHEL,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Tore: I appreciate your letter of Au-
gust 18 recommending that programs of
Federal agencies, as well as those of State,
city, and private organizations, be coordi-
nated to make the reconstruction of the
Watts area in Los Angeles a demonstration of
self-help and cooperation. between private
and public groups.
I have been deeply concerned about the
Los Angeles situation. As you know, I have
followed the events there closely.
In response to the request of Governor
Brown and Mayor Yorty, Governor LeRoy
Collins, Under Secretary of Commerce and
former head of the Community Relations
Service, was sent to Los Angeles to advise
and consult with both the Governor and the
mayor. Governor Collins is working on all
the approaches you have so thoughtfully
suggested. He has reported that he is meet-
ing with the State, local, private, and Fed-
eral representatives in Los Angeles immedi-
ately to assist in bringing together the ef-
forts of all of these agencies to ease tensions
and begin the task of rebuilding.
I agree that we must eliminate both the
immediate and deep-seated causes of riots
such as those we witnessed in Los Angeles.
Together with the Congress, and with much
help from Senators like you, we have been
able to obtain many programs designed to
give residents of poverty-stricken areas the
sense of hope and responsibility essential for
human growth in a free society. But, there
are complex problems and the solutions are
neither quick nor easy. The White House
Conference InNovember should help us to
find solutions, as should the work of the
special commission announced by Gover-
nor Brown to examine in depth the causes
of the Los Angeles riots.
With deep gratitude for your excellent sug-
gestions and assurances that I will see that
each of them is thoroughly considered im-
mediately for appropriate action, I am, your
friend,
Sincerely,
LYNDON B. JOHNSON.
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.August 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
RECESS UNTIL 12:30 P.M.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Senate
stand in recess until 12:30 p.m.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Is there objection? Without ob-
jection, it is so ordered.
Thereupon (at 12 o'clock and 13 min-
utes p.m.), the Senate took a recess until
12:30 p.m.
The Senate reconvened at 12:30 p.m.,
when called to order by the Acting Presi-
dent pro tempore (Mr. METCALF).
WORKS APPROPRIATIONS,
1966
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Senate
turn to the consideration of Calendar
No. 615, H.R. 9220.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The bill will be stated by title.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R.
9220) making appropriations for certain
civil functions administered by the De-
partment of Defense, the Panama Canal,
certain agencies of the Department of the
Interior, the Atomic Energy Commission,
the St. Lawrence Seaway Development
Corporation, the Tennessee Valley Au-
thority, and the Delaware River Basin
Commission; for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1966, and for other purposes.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Is there objection to the request
of the Senator from Montana?
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the bill, which had
been reported from the Committee on
Appropriations with amendments.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, no
action will be. taken on the bill this
afternoon. It will be the pending
business on Monday.
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk. proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Wit }lou ctiin tt;-* so ordered.
REMARKA`B C~NTINUITY:='bF U.S.
POLICY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA UN-
DER EISENHOWER, KENNEDY, AND
JOHNSON
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, re-
cently there have been some ominous
indications that American policy in Viet-
nam was-about to become a matter of
partisan controversy. Ingenious efforts
of splitting Republican policy in south-
east Asia under President Eisenhower
20441
Yesterday President Eisenhower clari- to defend itself without very heavy com-
fled the situation with a resounding en- mitments on the economic, the educa-
dorsement of President Johnson's policy tional, and the psychological fronts.
In southeast Asia-a statement of warm And our actions show this.
and generous support. We recognize that this war must end
President Eisenhower, in fact, flatly with negotiations. We have no design,
repudiated efforts to make a partisan none on North Vietnam. But we also
issue of the Johnson administration's recognize that the military capacity to
policies in Vietnam. He described-and defend South Vietnam and the will to use
I use his word-as "rot" published re- that capacity in its defense is just as im-
ports of a difference in approach on the portant as the will to negotiate, if peace
Vietnam?question between him and Pres- is to be achieved.
ident Johnson. Consider the remarkable record of
In fact, at his news conference yester- continuity in the U.S. policy in southeast
day, former President Eisenhower re- Asia since we first responded to the re-
jected any interpretation that there was quest for assistance from that embattled
any difference between the Eisenhower little country.
policy on Vietnam and the Johnson From 1954 to 1965, the fundamental
policy. purpose of the United States in its south-
Let me quote what President Eisen- east Asian policy has been unchanged.
hower added at that news conference. That purpose has been to prevent the
These are President Eisenhower's re- imposition on southeast Asia of the polit-
marks yesterday: ical power of communism, backed by
The public should understand how dif- China and the Soviet Union. As Presi-
ferent the circumstances are today from a dent Eisenhower explained to Winston
decade ago. Churchill on April 4, 1954, such a result
Eisenhower said that in 1954 the hope
was that South Vietnam would be left
in peace by the Communists in North
Vietnam and could survive with suf-
ficient economic aid. But those hope
have not been realized.
President Eisenhower added:
I have said again and again that I sup-
port the President in his efforts to defeat
the Communist military challenge in South
Vietnam.
Mr. President, any careful and fair
review of our policy in Vietnam since
1954 discloses the remarkable continuity
and consistency of that policy.
It has evolved logically from commit-
ments originally made in 1954, based on
the principle of assisting a country that
formally requested us to help.
Throughout this period we have never
lost sight of the fact that peace through
economic and educational aid and, yes,
through some military advice and supply,
was our basis for responding to the South
Vietnamese plea for support.
Anyone with an ear to hear or an eye
to read must admit that in recent
months the Johnson administration has
stepped up our drive for peaceful nego-
tiations-negotiations anywhere. anv-
In southeast Asia "would be a grave
threat to the whole free community," and
"this possibility should now be met by
united action and not passively ac-
cepted."
That was not President Johnson in
1965; that was President Eisenhower in
April 1954, more than 11 years ago.
In the conditions of early 1954, united
action did not prove possible, and at the
Geneva Conference later that spring,
agreements were reached which con-
ceded one-half of Vietnam to Communist
power.
But the United States did not change
its purpose. It proceeded promptly to
take the lead in the negotiation of the
Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty.
In the words of Secretary of State Dulles:
The purpose of the Southeast Asia Collec-
tive Defense Treaty is the creation of unity
for security and peace in southeast Asia and
the southwestern Pacific. It is a treaty for
collective defense against both open armed
attack and internal subversion. Although
the United States has no direct territorial
interest in southeast Asia, we have much in
common with the people and governments of
this area and are united in the face of a
common danger that stems from interna-
tional communism.
stepped up the scope and size of our mil-- The Senate approved it 4 months later
tary help. by a vote of 82 to 1. Vietnam is not a
With the appointment of General member of the treaty, but it is protected
Lansdale as a top aide to Ambassador by the treaty under a protocol agreed at
Lodge, we are seeking a greater initiative the same time.
on the economic and educational front This is something that many of the
of this complex war. critics of the administration in Vietnam
The Johnson administration certainly overlook. The fact is that it was a firm
recognizes at least as clearly as any ad- commitment made by President Eisen-
ministration has that we must win peace hower in South Vietnam, and reaffirmed
in Vietnam in the minds and hearts of by President Kennedy and President
the Vietnam
pl
J
h
ese peo
o
e, not simply on the
nson, and that we also have a com-
from the
period in 1954 to 1961 from field of battle. mitment under the Southeast Collective
Kennedy, and especially Johnson policy The American commitment is greater Defense Treaty of 1954.
more recently. than it has been, but no one should lose As Secretary Rusk said so well on tele-
The division was labored, but it was sight of the fact that that commitment is vision some 10 days ago, the American
given impetus by a statement attributed in about the same balance in 1965 as Is commitment is the heart of the matter.
to President Eisenhower that, under his in. 1955-in spite of the Immense escala- Unless we keep our commitment to South
administration, the United States con- tion in military activity from Communist Vietnam, a commitment which is widely
centrated on economic aid, not military aggression. We still recognize that we recognized throughout the world on both
commitment, in Vietnam. cannot successfully help South Vietnam sides of the Iron Curtain, our word and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 20, 1965
promise will mean little in the future. In the spring and early summer of barrass rather than assist him In working
As Secretary Rusk also indicated, peace 1965, after careful review of the mili- with the newest regime, headed by Air Vice-
is based very heavily on the good word tary situation in Vietnam, President Marshal Nguyen Cao Ky.
In fact, this danger is a key reason why
of the United States 'of America to more Johnson authorized further deployments the U.S. Government hasn't sent Lansdale
than 40 countries throughout the war'Id. of U.S. forces for combat assignments in back to Saigon sooner than this.
On October 25, 1954, President Eisen- South Vietnam, having determined that But now the White House has decided that
hower made a specific offer of help to the it was essential to meet the needs of the the opportunity outweighs the gamble.
Government of Vietnam. He pointed but American Commander, General West- That opportunity can also be found In
that the implications of the recently con- moreland. Lansdale's background: During the last
eluded Geneva Conference have caused Throughout these 11 years, there has stages of the violent guerrilla war In the
Philippines, led by the Communist Huks,
grave concern regarding the future of a been no partisan division within the it was Lansdale who worked out new tech-
country temporarily divided by an arti- United States on southeast Asia or on niques to win back the allegiance of peasants
ficial military grouping, weakened by a South Vietnam. Democrats have sup- who had defected to the Reds.
long and exhausting war, and faced by ported a Republican President, and Re- Lansdale was the late Ramon Magsaysay's
enemies without and by their subversive publicans have supported two Demo- unsung hero on the long road back to victory
collaborators within." President Eisen- cratic Presidents. Senator Lyndon John- over the Huks. The essential job as Magsay-
hower said that he was instructing the son fully supported President Eisenhow- say rallied his country against the Insurg-to woo the - Ppine
ency
Ambassador in Vietnam to dis- er, and General Eisenhower has given y was the promises ofithe guerrrillasnts
cuss with the Vietnamese Government generously of time, counsel, and sup- In Saigon today an immense U.S. aid mis-
how an intelligent program of American port to President Johnson. sion dispenses some $350 million a year to
aid could assist Vietnam in its hour of The purpose of the United States to- keep the economy going. But the aliena-
trial, provided that the Vietnamese Gov- day is the purpose of the United States tion of the hamlets from Saigon continues.
ernment in return would give assurances in 1954. That purpose was clearly stated Out in the provinces there still is no sense
as to its own standards of performance. by President Johnson on July 28, as fol- of identification with the central govern-
lows: "To do what must be done to bring ment. p
President Eisenhower stated: On top of this, the prospect of thousands
The purpose of this offer Is to assist the an end to aggression and a peaceful set- of innocent victims in the escalating war
Government of Vietnam in developing and tlement." (many of whom will be blamed on the United
maintaining a strong, viable state, capable of Mr. President, in support of my con- States) is deeply worrying the Johnson ad-
resisting attempted subversion or aggression tention that the Johnson administration ministration. Drastically needed while the
through military means. is indeed stepping up the efforts to fight noisy military war intensifies is even greater
That was the commitment which Pres- for the hearts and minds of the Viet- intensification of the quiet war.
ident Eisenhower made to Vietnam in namese people as well as meeting the No hard plans have yet been made for the
1954. military necessities, I ask unanimous team of a dozen experts that Lansdale will
take to Saigon in the next couple of weeks.
This Eisenhower purpose is the same consent to have printed in the RECORD One possibility: a lengthy tour of duty in
as the Johnson purpose, the purpose of an article written by Evans and Novak a single province, perhaps in Long An Prov-
the U.S. Government today. In support entitled "Vietnam's Quiet War," setting ince near Saigon, to develop the elusive tech-
of this consistent, continuous purpose, forth the remarkable recordand assign- niques for closing the gap between the Gov-
changes in the shape of American as.- ment of Gen. Edward Lansdale. ernment and the people.
distance and support have been made There being no objection, the article Lansdale will be directly responsible to
from time to time in the last 10 years, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, with an
open-end commission giving him plenty of
as subversion, terror, and infiltration as follows: room for maneuver. He will work closely
from-the north have increased. VIETNAM'S QuiET WAR with the Vietnamese Government and local
American economic assistance under (By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak) Vietnam officials engaged in pacification and
Eisenhower was followed almost at once Acting under the private sponsorship of rural reconstruction in the hamlets and
by an Amerigan Military Advisory Group, the White House itself, a new team of non- villages.
in 1955. military experts will take off soon for the But officials here are keeping their fingers
In. the late 1950's, economic and mili- jungle hamlets of Vietnam. crossed. The question is not only whether
and, In Their mission: To develop new techniques his old Diem connections will hurt Lansdale
tart' assistance were stepped up, to close the worst gap of all-the growing despite all his expertise in-the politics of
October 1960, President Eisenhower as- gap between the people and their Govern- counterinsurgency. The deeper question is
sated the Vietnamese Government: ment. whether Saigon can really win the allegiance
For so long as our strength can be use- What n'iakes this newest attempt in the of the countryside.
ful, the United States will continue to assist vital nonmilitary phase of the war particu- In an answer to that second question lies
Vietnam in the difficult but hopeful struggle larly interesting is the identity of the Amer- the key to a final solution in Vietnam.
alleazl Iran who will lead the new effort: the famed
Maj. Gen. Edward Lansdale (U.S. Army, re-
In December 1961, President Kennedy tired), a victorious veteran of counter- RESTORE BUDGET CUTS IN GON-
'responded to increasing Communist pres- insurgency politics in the Philippines.
sure by a major enlargement of the Mil- The decision to let Lansdale try his experi- SERVATION TECHNICAL ASSIST-
i$ary Advisory and AssistanceComrnand. enced hand in the shadowy arts of rural re- ANCE
In August 1964, President Johnson re- construction (perhaps the decisive issue in
plied to direct aggression in the-Gulf of saving South Vietnam from communism) Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the
was taken at the highest levels. It is a Wisconsin Legislature, reflecting the
Tonkin, and the Congress overwhelming- gamble-and an opportunity. Badger State's great interest in conser-
ly passed the southeast Asia resolution The gamble is found inLansdale's personal vation, has passed a joint resolution urg-
by a combined vote of 504-2. This reso- history in the Far East. ing the Congress to restore budget cuts,
lution reaffirmed the vital importance to While still on the active list (and famous in conservation technical assistance and.
the United States and to world peace of throughout southeast Asia as "Over Hill and
"the maintenance of international peace Lansdale") the general was an inside man in in cost sharing for conservation and re-
and security in southeast Asia." It de- the turbulent early days of Saigon's Ngo Dinh source development projects works on
Diem. He was the go-between in countless privately owned lands.
dared: sub rosa missions for the then tiny U.S. finis- Happily, both the Senate and the
The United States is, therefore, prepared, slon in Saigon and the new, unstable Diem House Share this great concern for cone
as the President determines, to take all government. ? Hous and have restored these funds.
necessary steps, including the use of armed "Nothing happened in Saigon that Ed servation This iand have action, then I fully
force, to assist any member or protocol state didn't have a hand in or know about," an
of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense admiring Washington friend confides. "He supported, restored an average of $4,500
Treaty requesting assistance in defense of knows where all the bodies are buried." per county district to Wisconsin's 72
Its freedom. Why, then, is he a gamble? Because nobody county soil and water conservation dis-
In February 1965, after repeated mili- really can predictLansdale's reception by the tricts, for a total of $315,000.
present ruling faction in Saigon's presidential The Wisconsin Legislature also adopt-
tary sneak attacks upon U.S. installa- palace. Since Diem's asassination in 1963,
tions if, South Vietnam, President John- governments have come and gone like mon- ed a resolution offering to purchase a
-son authorized controlled and measured soon showers. Consequently, Lansdale's bril- site and provide necessary auxiliary fa.-
a1r action against North Vietnam. liant exploits in those early days might em- cilities for a 200 Bev accelerator if the
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