AMERICA NEEDS AN UNDERGRADUATE FOREIGN SERVICE ACADEMY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000300210002-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 21, 2014
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 24, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000300210002-5 ? (.4,6,
January 24,1963
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
Orthodox Church in Newark, who of-
fered the moving prayer in commemora-
tion of the 45th anniversary of the in-
dependence of the Ukrainian National
Republic. His eloquent words reflect the
sentiments of ? the membership of the
House of Representatives who annually
pay tribute to the heroic Ukrainian peo-
ple and pray for their deliverance from
the cruel yoke of their oppressors.
Ukrainians have been most unfortu-
nate in their modern history, and to a
great extent their misfortune has
stemmed from the geography of their be-
loved homeland. Placed almost squarely
between Europe and Asia the Ukraine has
found itself the gateway to Europe for
the invaders from the East. As one of
the richest granaries of Europe, its fer-
tile soil has aroused the envy and avarice
of neighboring peoples. For these rea-
sons the country has been an arena of
discord between the East and West.
In the continental struggles between
contending civilizations, between the
Asiatic East and European West, the fate
of Ukraine has been conditioned by
forces and factors over which its people
could exercise little control. For cen-
turies their country was overrun by con-
quering armies, and remained divided
under alien rulers until 1918. Then, as
the forces which had suppressed their
nationalist spirit were overthrown, the
Ukrainians seized the opportunity and
proclaimed their political independence.
That historic event took place on Jan-
uary 22,45 years ago.
But the new state, from the time of
its very birth in 1918, was surrounded by
powerful forces of destruction, and was
marked by its foes, especially by the Rus-
sian Communist regime, as ready prey.
In 1920 the country was overrun by the
Red Army and all Ukrainian opposition
was subdued. That was the end of the
short-lived Ukrainian National Repub-
lic.
Since then the people of Ukraine have
been enduring their long national ordeal
under the Soviet regime. The country
has become part of the Soviet Union, and
today more than 42 million Ukrainians
are prisoners in their homeland. Of
course, they cannot celebrate their great
national holiday, their Independence
Day. But those Ukrainians living in the
free world, and especially Americans of
Ukrainian descent in this great Repub-
lic, do so in the hope that some day
and soon this Independence Day will be
celebrated in- a free and liberated
Ukraine. I glady join all freedom-loving
Ukrainians in their wish that their cher-
ished dream will be realized.
DISTRIBUTION OF HARTWELL
POWER
(Mr. DORN asked ane. was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the proposed
allotment of power from the Govern-
ment dam at Hartwell on the Savannah
River is unfair and discriminates against
the REA co-ops and other preference
customers in the State of South Caro-
lina. The Department of the Interior is
proposing to allot 50 percent of the
Hartwell power to Georgia, 374 percent
to North Carolina, and only 12% percent
to-South Carolina. ?, - ? - ?
Sir. Speaker, this means that HartwelY
power would be wheeled right straight
through western South Carolina Into
North Carolina, even to the borders of
Virginia and Tennessee. This arbitrary
plan or deal would establish a precedent
and would create -an unlimited service
area. Under this plan, Hartwell power
would be wheeled 125 miles, 150 miles,
and even 200 miles away from the Hart-
well damsite on the Savannah between
South Carolina and Georgia. ;
Mr. Speaker, the Congress authorized
the construction of Hartwell Dam. The
Congress appropriated nearly $100 mil-
lion to build this gigantic project. We
did so in order that this power might be
made available to preference customers
and thus be a yardstick for power rates
in that area. I .expected and intended.
when I supported this project, that this
power would go' first to the preference
customers in the immediate area, cer-
tainly no further than 100 and 125 miles
from the dein. ? =
The REA co-ops and municipalities in
my district and throughout western
South Carolina could use this power and
are entitled to their fair share. Not one
acre in North Carolina is flooded by
Hartwell Reservoir. More acres are
flooded in South Carolina than in Geor-
gia. Under the Department of Interior
Plan, my people will not only lose tax
revenue but will lose the advantages of
cheap power. This is definitely wrong.
If South Carolina would be allotted its
fair share of Hartwell power, South Car-
olina consumers would save $300,000 an-
nually.
The REA has done an excellent job
for the rural people of South Carolina.
Mr. Speaker, I do not want to see the
great REA program in: western South
Carolina undermined by this capricious,
arbitrary, and autocratic proposal. I
hope the Department of Interior will re-
vise this plan and give the REA munici-
palities of South Carolina a fair deal.
Mr. Speaker, I am placing in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD a resolution of
? protest unanimously adopted by the
board of directors of the Saluda River
Electric Co-op. -; ?
MODERN COLONIALISM?HUNGARY
FORGOTTEN?
(Mr. MONAGAN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and include extra-
neous matter.)
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, since
there have been so many arresting inter-
national problems of recent days, few
people have noted the action of the U.N.
in relation to the question of Hungary.
- Instead of continuing to authorize the
special mission of Sir Leslie Munro to
investigate the Hungarian situation, as
was done in the past, the matter of im-
plementing the action of the U.N. in re-
lation to investigating conditions in
Hungary was referred to U Thant, the
Secretary General, to take such action
as should seem appropriate to him.
\
ong other reason's, it was suggested
that some of our associates in the U.N.
were becoming tired Of having this ques-
tion repeatedly brought before the bar
of this international organization.
? If this is -true, it is a strange com-
mentary, indeed, to find that questions
of oppression and tyranny can lose their
immediacy with the passage of a few
months. ? ?;.
' A trenchant editorial on this subject
appeared in the Waterbury, Conn.,
American on January 7, 1963, and in the
Interest of further circulation .of this
excellent statement, I am appending this
editorial hereafter.
!prom the Waterbury (Conn.) American,
--? 4an. 7, 1963]
" HUNGARY .FORCIOTTE14?
" With world Attention presently focused on
the Congo, few people will ? have noted that
the United Nations has apparently tossed in
" the towel in the Matter of Hungary.
. It was in 1956 that a resolution was
adopted by the U.N. which condemned the
enslavement of the -Hungarian people by
Soviet troops. , Each year, until 1962, that
resolution was reiterated: Last- year for some
unknown reason it- was- net. ?
. Now the U.N. has canceled the special mis-
sion of Sir Leslie Munro, of New Zealand, to
investigate the Hungarian situation. The
whole business has been placed in the hands
of Secretary General 17 Thant to handle as
he sees fit. In this, action the :United States
has acquiesced, unfortunately. . .
In effect, this withdrawal .of any U.N. ac-
tion on the matter of Hungary?and the
other captive nations as well?Is simply giv-
ing tacit approval- to Russian' Colonialism.
The reasoning behind this is difficult to
understand, unless it is that the West should
tread softly in dealing with Moscow, for fear
Of creating any new crises. .
But that gives little reassurance to the
peoples of Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, and
Estonia?to name only a few?that the West-
ern Powers are thinking in terms of eventual
liberation for these captive countries: They
may certainly not be criticized if they have
the feeling that the free world has forgotten
them.
President Kennedy spoke recently in terms
of liberation for the people of Cuba, although
short of lip service to the ideal the adminis-
tration has made it -fairly clear that it will
do nothing to give encouragement to the
'Cuban freedom lighters. . -
If the United States can talk of liberation
(eventually) for Cuba, why not talk of liber-
ation for the captive nations of Europe?
Soviet suppression of once-free peoples is no
less offensive' in Europe than in Cuba.
The U.N. decision to drop the Hungarian
Investigation is a sad commentary on the
state of world affairs. .
IP?ERICA NEEDS AN UNDERGRAD77
UATE FOREIGN SERVICE ACAD-
897
- (Mr. RODIN() asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.).-e? Mr. RODIN?. Mr. -.Speaker, ladies
and gentlemen, I hope -the House will for-
give me if I return to a familiar theme,
but-I should like to direct your attention
for just a few minutes to something I
regard as essential for the future security
of this -country; namely,. the -establish-
ment of a National Foreign Service
Academy. , ??
I think the need for this Academy has
long been obvious, and I think the pro-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300210002-5
Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300210002-5
898 CONGRESSIONAL MECORD -- HOUSE
Posal raeritg.our.most serious considera-
tion. Foci, yearowe have been the
ob-
-ject of a relentless :cold war waged- by
the .Communist-. powers Of the world.
SometiMes this war has flared into
mili-
tary conflict, but most of the time it has
been.. carried on_in. the _gray .areaa,of
Propaganda, Psychological, and economic
warfare:. The. military:aspects we - can
handle. We have a superb officer, corps.
highly trained-at West Point Annapolis,
and at theneW-Air ForceAcademy, which
Is quite :capable of devising .the strategy
to hurl , back : the Communist military
challenge,g But we have no comparable
corps of Foreign Service officers, schooled
In the techniques of nonmilitary conflict,
capable of anticipating- the -Communist
thrust and. deVising an effective parry, or
Indeed, possessing the attitude of mind
.which thinks in terms of a prior thrust
by the forces'of.freedom, for which com-
munism must seek the counters..?.. ,
To correct this condition I . have in-
-troduced a bill, HR. 1122,-for the estab-
lishment Of a U.S. Foreign Service
Academy. This Academy would instruct
and train diplomatic cadets, in prepara-
tion for careers as -officers in our ;Foreign
Service, . The course of instruction
would be prescribed-by the Secretary of
State, and- would be the equivalent of the
curriculum in the field -of -foreign affairs
currently prescribed- for the bachelor's
degree in many of the Nation's leading
institutions,: Emphasis would be placed
on history, _culture,. custom), folklore,
and languages of the nations in which
the diplotaatie cadets would elect.. to
serve, and provision would be made for
field study in such _nations. "Entrance
to the 'Academy would be on the basis of
competitive . examinationa.
. 4-.-
I wish to statemost categorically that
my proposal-In no -way reflects on the
Institutions - currently offering training
In foreign affairs: All across the coun-
try there' are a-number of first-rate pm=
grams which:. can.. offer._ the.. student a
broad understanding . of :.,International
relations, a specialized knowledge of . an
area, or -both:,. But most of these pro-
grams are at the- graduate level.- Paren-
thetically I may add' that a number of
other bills introduced -ezi the subject of
a Foreign-Service Academy are cast, in
terms, of "graduate instruction.. There
Is nothing ..wrong in this. : But I wonder
if it does not result in the creation of
detached, critical scholars,- of which the
country has an ample.supPlY? -?-
In contrast, I. believe in the old-
fashioned maxim, "catch 'em young."
Of course. we want the?members of our
Foreign - Service ? to ' ' 'be ? thoroughly
schooled, to be fully acquainted with the
basis of international politics, and to
know their- areas thoroughly. -. But we
want them to be engaged; or perhaps I
should say- committed, 'W." believe com-
pletely inthe -cause of the:United States,
and to advance that cause by all legiti-
mate means.-7 In my judgment this- can
be accomplished successfully only if the
recruits to our Foreign Service have gone
through-a -course of -study which instills
this outlook.-"A 'U.S. Foreign Service
Academy, which will feed in the bulk
of the recruit) to our Foreign Service, is
the answer to the problem: It will give
us not only scholars of international re-
lations, .not only men possessed of a
deep knowledge of an area, but men
capable of being the junior officers of the
cold war?men who see the picture as a
whole,--who-see .1t. true,' and who under-
stand that the United States cannot sit
Idly by, but must advance the cause of
freedom, else it will wither away.
My bill does not propose that the For-
eign Service Academy will be the exclu-
sive mode of entry into the Foreign
Service. Graduates of our private col-
leges and universities would be admitted
as before. But preference in making ap-
pointments to the Foreign Service would
go to the graduates of the Academy. In
this way there would be the stiffening
of professionals, just as the officer corps
of the military services is stiffened by the
graduates of West Point and Annapolis
In its midst. These would be the men
professionally dedicated, the men with
the concept of service. Such men have
been needed at all times in our history,
but never more than now, and nowhere
Is their dedication more appropriate
than in the Foreign Service.
I might even add that educationally
there is a unique feature to my bill.
Field study of an area is not widely con-
ducted at the undergraduate level. The
usual pattern is for such study to be
carried on at the graduate level, and it
is not unknown for graduate students to
so immerse themselves in the viewpoint
of the area in which they specialize as
to lose all perspective as Americans. But
younger students, under the discipline of
the Academy, could observe foreign cul-
tures at close hand, could integrate that
observation with classroom study, yet
should be able to secure an appropriate
grasp of how these studies fitted into the
context of their own country's policy. ?
If I may summarize: I advocate the
establishment of a U.S. Foreign Service
Academy because it is educationally
sound and politically necessary. I be-
lieve a unique opportunity is now at hand
? for the establishment of such an Acad-
emy. I say we should seize that oppor-
tunity, and establish such an Academy
forthwith.. I am confident that in just
a few years the return would be well .
worth the cost. ?
WORLD WAR II CLAIMS
7: (Me RYAN of New Itork asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
:. tend his remarks.) ..? ,
Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speak-
er; last Year Congress passed Public Law
87-848 which amended the War Claims
Act of. 1948 to authorize settlement of
'several classes of meritorious World War
II claims which 'were not covered by the
original law or its subsequent amend-
ments. Cai August 8, 1982, at the time
the nieristire oir the floor of the
House, I supported -the bill lidt pointed
-out' that there was 'a grave inequity in
It. It 'provided payment of it war claim
only if the claimant; and* all predeces,
sors in interest Were on the date of the
loss nationals of the United States. The
claims of persona who were nationals of
January 24
another country at the time of the loss
but later came to the United States and
became citizens of this country cannot
be recognized. On August 81 sought to
amend the measure to include those citi-
zens who suffered losses and later be-
came American citizens.
? Today I have introduced a bill to
amend the War Claims Act of 1948 to
allow the filing of claims by those citi-
zens of the United States who would be
eligible to file for compensation under
the present law except for the fact that
they were not citizens at the time of
their loss.
My bill would in effect allow all citi-
zens to file for compensation regardless
of the date of their citizenship with the
exception of members of the enemy
armed forces during World War II.
I believe that the present law with its
unjustifiable discrimination against
American citizens creates, in effect, two
classes of citizenship. The concept now
embodied in the present War Claims Act
that the United States owes a greater ob-
ligation to those who became citizens
earlier than their fellow citizens is
wholly antithetical to the spirit of the
Constitution. Under our Constitution
all American citizens are treated alike
with the single exception of eligibility
for the presidency. The Supreme Court
of the United States has repeatedly
stated that naturalized citizens are not
second-class citizens.
It has been argued that this subject
of war claims compensation involves in-
ternational law and that the rules of in-
ternational law require continuous citi-
zenship from the date of loss to the time
of filing with respect to claims one gov-
ernment asserts against another on be-
half of its nationals. However, it must
be remembered that we are not con-
cerned with international law. This is
not a situation in which the U.S. Gov-
ernment negotiates with a foreign gov-
ernment to obtain redress for wrongs
against our citizens. The war claims are
to be paid out of assets owned by the
U.S. Government to 'U.S. citizens by the
U.S. Government This is a wholly do-
mestic matter and should be governed
by our fundamental constitutional prin-
ciple that all citizens no matter when
they became citizens should be treated
alike.------ ? ' '
,
In a sense the present policy discrimi-
nate, against those who deliberately
chose to owe their allegiance to the
United States. Having renounced their
former allegiances, they cannot now look
to any other government for redress.
Although they pay taxes and chose to be
Americans, we refuse to treat them on the
same basis as any other citizens.
I urge all the Members of the House
to support this bill so that a serious in-
equity can be corrected in keeping with
Our constitutional principle of equal
treatment for all citizens. '
, ?
b?ao--7.?:;.--. .f..-: . -
-- UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY
r! (Mr. PRICE asked and was given per-
mission' to address the House for 1 min-
ute .. and ? to revise and extend. his
remarks.) ' '' .
Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300210002-5