AMENDMENT OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000300070002-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 21, 2014
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: September 24, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
however, the President and the State De-
partment repeatedly ignore the threat
that Nasser poses to world peace, I think
Congress is obligated to enact into law
stronger provisions to insure that Amer-
ican aid is not stuffed into Egyptian
cannons.
In view of this, Mr. President, I am
gratified to note that the conference re-
port has incorporated into this year's
"food for peace" authorization language
to the effect that the President shall bar
Public Law 480 expenditures in any
country if he finds such country is:
(a) an aggressor, in a military sense,
against any country having diplomatic re-
lations with the United States; or (b) using
funds, of any sort, from the United States for
purposes inimical to the foreign policies of
the United States.
The PRESIDING OtoraCER. The
question is on agreeing to the confer-
ence report. On this question the yeas
and nays have been ordered; and the
-clerk will call the roll.
The Chief Clerk called the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD I announce that
the Senator from Indiana [Mr. BAY11],
the Senator from Maryland [Mr. BREW-
STER], the Senator from North Dakota
[Mr. Bulimic], the Senator from West
Virginia [Mr. BYRD], the Senator from
Idaho [Mr. CHURCH], the Senator from
Oklahoma [Mr. EDMONDSON], the Sen-
tor from Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER], the
Senator from Alaska [Mr. GRUENING],
the Senator from Indiana [Mr. HARTKE] ,
the Senator from Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN],
the Senator from Missouri [Mr. LONG],
the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. MCCAR-
THY] , the Senator from Maine [Mr.
MusmE], 'the Senator from Rhode Is-
land [Mr. PASTORE], the Senator from
? Virginia (Mr. ROBERTSON], the Senator
from Florida [Mr. SmATHErts], the Sen-
ator from New Jersey [Mr. WILLIAMS],
and the Senator from Ohio [Mr. YOUNG]
are absent on official business.
I also announce that the Senator from
Nevada [Mr. CANNON], the Senator from
Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND], the Senator
from Minnesota [Mr. liUmPHREY], the
Senator from Washington [Mr. JACK-
SON], and the Senator from Oregon [Mrs.
NEUBERGER] are necessarily absent.
I also announce that the Senator from
Alabama [Mr. HILL] and the Senator
from Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY] are
absent because of illness.
I further announce that, if present and
voting, the Senator from Indiana [Mr.
BAYH], the Senator from Maryland [Mr.
BREWSTER], the Senator from North Da-
kota [Mr. BURDICK], the Senator from
Idaho [Mr. CHURCH], the Senator from
Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND], the Senator
from Oklahoma [Mr. EDMONDSON], the
Senator from Alaska [Mr. GRUENING],
the Senator from Indiana [Mr. HARTKE],
the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. HUM-
PHREY], the Senator from Washington
[Mr. JACKSON], the Senator from Maine
[Mr. Musxm], the Senator from Oregon
[MTS. NEUBERGER], the Senator from
Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE], the Senator
from Virginia [Mr. ROBERTSON], the Sen-
ator from Florida [Mr. SmATHERs], and
the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. WIL-
LIAMS] would each vote "yea."
No. 184-11
On this vote, the Senator from Louisi-
ana [Mr. ELLENDER] is paired with the
Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. KEN-
NEDY].
If present and voting, the Senator
from Louisiana would vote "yea," and the
Senator from Massachusetts would vote
Mr. KUCHEL. I announce that the
Senators from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON and
Mr. PEARSON], the Senator from New
Hampshire [Mr. COTTON], the Senator
from Nebraska [Mr. Curtias], the Senator
from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], the Senator
from Arizona [Mr. GOLDWATER], the Sen-
ator from Kentucky [Mr. MORTON], the
Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALT-
ONSTALL] , the Senator from Pennsyl-
vania [Mr. SCOTT], and the Senator from
Texas [Mr. TOWER] are necessarily ab-
sent.
If present and voting, the Senator
from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON], the Senator
from New Hampshire [Mr. COTTON], the
Senator from Nebraska [Mr. CuRns] , the
Senator from Illinois [Mr. DIRKsEN], the
Senator from Kansas [Mr. PEARSON], the
Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALT-
ONSTALL] , the Senator from Pennsyl-
vania [Mr. SCOTT], and the Senator from
Texas [Mr. TOWER] would each vote
"yea."
The result was announced?yeas 54,
nays 11, as follows:
Aiken
Allott
Beall
Bennett
Bible ?
Boggs
Byrd, Va.
Case
Cooper
Dodd
Dominick
Ervin
Fong
Gore
Hickenlooper
Holland
Hruska
Inouye
Anderson
Bartlett
Clark
Douglas
Bayh
Brewster
Burdick
Byrd, W. Va.
Cannon
Carlson
Church
Cotton
Curtis
Dirksen
Eastland
Edmondson
[No. 583 Leg.]
YEAS-54
Javits
Johnston
Jordan, N.C.
Jordan, Idaho
Keating
Kuchel
Lausche
Long, La.
Magnuson
Mansfield
McClellan
McGee
McIntyre
Mechem
Miller -
Morse
Moss
Mundt
NAYS-11
Fulbright
Hart
McGovern
McNamara
NOT VOTING-35
NSISOn
Prouty
Proxmire
Randolph
Ribicoff
Russell
Salinger
Simpson
Smith
Sparkman
Stennis
Symington
Talmadge
Thurmond
Walters
Williams, Del.
Yarborough
Young, N. Dak.
Metcalf
Monroney
Pell
Ellender
Goldwater
Gruening
Hartke
Hayden
Hill
Humphrey
Jackson
Kennedy
Long, Mo.
McCarthy
Morton
Muskie
Neuberger
Pastore
Pearson
Robertson
Sa1tonstall
Scott
Smathers
Tower
Williams, N.J.
Young, Ohio
So the conference report was agreed to.
LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, so
that I can inform the Senate what the
business will be for the remainder of the
week, it is my understanding?and this
is subject to correction?that there are
three amendments to be considered, none
of which under ordinary circumstances
would take too long a period of time. If
22067
that assumption proves to be correct, it
is hoped that the Senate will be able to
vote on final passage of the foreign aid
bill this evening.
I had hoped that that could be fol-
lowed by a bill having to do with the
ROTC, which I had promised the dis-
tinguished senior Senator. from Georgia
[Mr. RUSSELL], the chairman of the
Armed Services Committee, that I would
take up. But circumstances seem to pre-
clude that. Nevertheless, it is, intended
to bring up the Executive Calendar, to
take up the items on the calendar to
which there is no objection and to lay
before the Senate the Appalachian bill
and get started on that.
If all of this proves to be halfway
correct, it may be possible to vote on the
Appalachian bill tomorrow. I realize
that is taking a long trip into the blue
yonder. But, that is he pjogram as of
now.
AMENDMENT OF'FOREIGN ASSIST-
ANCE ACT OF 1961
The PRESIDING 0.F.FiCER. The
Chair lays before the Senate the unfin-
ished business.
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 11380) to amend further
the Foreign Assistance, Act of 1961, as
amended, and for other purposes.
(AMENDMENT NO. 1237)
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I send to
the desk my amendment No. 1327 and
ask for its consideration. I do not in-
tend to take more than 2 or 3 minutes
on the amendment. I ask that the read-
ing of the amendment be waived, but
that it be printed in the RECORD.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The amendment offered by Mr. AIKEN
is as follows:
(d) Add at the end thereof the following
new section:
"SEC. 639. LOYALTY AFFIDAVITS?NO part
of any funds appropriated or otherwise
made available for expenditure under au-
thority of this Act shall be used to make
payments under any contract, entered into
for the purpose of carrying out any provi-
sion of this Act, between any department
or agency of the Government or any recip-
ient of assistance under this Act and any
individual who is a United States citizen
or with any corporation, partnership, or
other association created under the laws of
the United States or of any State or terri-
tory or substantially beneficially owned by
United States citizens, unless there is exe-
cuted and filed with the department or
agency administering the program under
which the assistance is furnished, by such
individual, or the principal officers of such
corporation, partnership, or association, an
affidavit that he does not believe in, and is
not .a member of and does not support any
organization that believes in or teaches, the
overthrow of the United States Government
by force or violence or by any illegal or un-
constitutional methods. The provisions of
section 1001 of title 18, United States Code,
shall be applicable with respect to such
affidavits."
Mr. AIKEN. The amendment merely
calls for the beneficiaries of our foreign
aid program?and by that I mean the
contractors and those who have their in-
vestments guaranteed?to take the same
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22068 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
loyalty oath that is required to be taken
by the beneficiaries of the so-called
poverty program.
It may be recalled that when the pro-
posal was made to amend the poverty
program so as to require all beneficiaries
who received even $500 a year to take a
loyalty oath, the Senate overwhelmingly,
by a voice vote, approved that amend-
ment. I am sure that the Senate will be
equally glad to approve this amendment,
which would require the heads of con-
tracting firms and others who receive
great benefits from the AID program to
take the same oath.
It keeps all people on the same level.
Of course, it does not include them all,
yet. But, give us time, and perhaps we
can get the remainder of them.
I do not know how anyone could
legitimately object to accepting this
amendment after supporting the loyalty
oath in the case of recipients of the
poverty program benefits.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the
Senator from Vermont yield back the
remainder of his time?
Mr. AIKEN. That depends on whether
there will be any discussion in opposition
or not.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
yield myself 3 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Arkansas is recognized for
3 minutes.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
believe it is unworkable. Many uni-
versities participate in this program on
a contract basis. I do not believe that
they are beneficiaries. They are bene-
ficial to the program; at the same time,
they are in the position of contractors.
Many financial institutions participate.
If there were an attempt to enforce this
provision literally, it would be almost im-
possible to do so with the many universi-
ties-and banks in the country which par-
ticipate in the guarantee programs, the
investment guarantee programs, and
other programs.
I do not think it could be adminis-
tered at all. I am not a great advocate
of the other loyalty oath that the Sena-
tor from Vermont was discussing. So I
am certainly not inconsistent in object-
ing to this amendment.
I shall not support it. I hope the Sen-
ate will reject it.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I am sure
that the Senator from Arkansas cannot
mean that one class of people should
take a loyalty oath and another class of
people should not. I am sure that if
Sarah Jones, walking on her crutches in
the Ozarks, is required to take the
loyalty oath in order to receive some
benefit from the poverty program, the
president of the University of Arkansas
would be delighted to take the loyalty
oath along with her.
I cannot conceive of any Senator vot-
ing against this amendment.
If the Senator from Arkansas is will-
ing to yield back the remainder of his
time, I am glad to yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Do the
Senators yield back the remainder of
their time?
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield 2 minutes to me?
Mr. AIKEN. Does the Senator wish to
'speak on the amendment?
Mr. LAUSCHE. I do not.
Mr. AIKEN. I would appreciate it if
the Senator would wait until there has
been a vote on the amendment.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
yield back the remainder of my time.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
ment of the Senator from Vermont.
The amendment was agreed to.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
is open to further amendment.
AMENDMENT NO. 1218
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I call
up my amendment No. 1218.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment of the Senator from Con-
necticut will be stated.
The Chief Clerk proceeded to read the
amendment.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that further reading
of the amendment be dispensed with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered. The amend-
ment will be printed in the RECORD.
Mr. RincoFF's amendment is as fol-
lows:
PART V-RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION BY THE
SOVIET UNION -
SEC. 501. It is the sense of the Congress
that the United States deeply believes in
freedom of religion for all people and is op-
posed to infringement of this freedom any-
where in the world. The Congress declares
that abundant evidence has made clear that
the Government of the SOviet Union is per-
secuting Jewish citizens by singling them
out for extreme punishment for alleged eco-
nomic offenses, by confiscating synagogues,
by closing Jewish cemeteries, by arresting
rabbis and lay religious leaders, by curtailing
religious observances, by discriminating
against Jews in cultural activities and access
to higher education, by imposing restrictions
that prevent the reuniting of Jews with their
families in other lands, and by other acts that
oppress Jews 'in the free exercise of their
faith. The Congress further declares that
the Soviet Union has a clear opportunity to
match the words of its constitutional guar-
antees of freedom of religion with specific
actions so that the World may know whether
there is a genuine hope for a new day of
better understanding among all people. Ac-
cordingly, it is the sense of the Congress
that persecution of any persons because of
their religion by the Soviet Union be con-
demned, and that the Soviet Union in the
name of decency and humanity cease execut-
ing persons for alleged economic offenses, and
fully permit the free exercise of religion and
the pursuit of culture by Jews and all others
within its borders.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ask
for the yeas and nays on the amendment.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I call
up amendment No. 1218 for myself, my
colleague from Connecticut [Mr. Dopo],
the senior Senator from New York [Mr.
JAvirs], and the junior Senator from
New York [Mr. KEATING]. I ask unani-
mous consent that the names of the Sen-
ator from Pennsylvania [Mr. SCOTT], the
Senator from New Jersey [Mr. CAsE], the
Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MORTON],
and the Senator from Iowa [Mr. MILLER]
also be added as cosponsors of amend-
ment No. 1218.
September 24
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, this
amendment was originally introduced as
Senate Resolution 204 on September 25,
1963. It was cosponsored by 64 Mem-
bers of this body including Mr. Ailorr,
Mr. ANDERSON, Mr. BARTLETT, Mr. BAY11,
Mr. BEALL, Mr. BOGGS, Mr. BREWSTER, Mr.
BURDICK, Mr. CANNON, Mr. CASE, Mr.
CHURCH, Mr. CLARK, Mr. COOPER, Mr.
COTTON, Mr. DODD, Mr. DOMINICK, Mr.
DOUGLAS, Mr. EDMONDSON, Mr. GOLD-
WATER, Mr. GRUENING, Mr. HART, Mr.
HARTKE, Mr. HOLLAND, Mr. HUMPHREY,
Mr. INOUYE, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. JAVITS,
Mr. JORDAN of Idaho, Mr. KEATING, Mr.
KENNEDY, Mr. KUCHEL, Mr. LAUSCHE, Mr.
LONG of Missouri, Mr. MAGNUSON, Mr.
MCCARTHY, Mr. MCGEE, Mr. MCGOVERN,
Mr. MCINTYRE, Mr. MCNAMARA, Mr. MET-
CALF, Mr. MILLER, Mr. MONRONEY, Mr.
MORSE, Mr. MORTON, Mr. MOSS, Mr.
MUNDT, Mr. NELSON, MIS. NET1BERGER, Mr.
PASTORE, Mr. PELL, Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr.
RANDOLPH, Mr. SALTONSTALL, Mr. SCOTT,
Mr. SIMPSON, Mr. SMATHERS, Mr. SYMING-
TON, Mr. THURMOND, Mr. TOWER, Mr.
WALrEils, Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey,
Mr. YARBOROUGH, and Mr. YOUNG of Ohio.
I bring it up today so the Senate can
go on record promptly against an espe-
cially great injustice: the Soviet persecu-
tion of the Jewish people. The Senate
voicing the conscience of the American
people, can call attention to an old prob-
lem that has flared up recently in viru-
lent form?religious persecution, espe-
cially the persecution of Soviet Jews.
It is important that we take an official
stand on the Soviet Government's sys-
tematic policy of attrition against the 3
million Jewish citizens of the U.S.S.R.
The main components of that policy
are:
First. Deprivation of cultural rights.
Second. Deprivation of religious
rights.
Third. The anti-Jewish propaganda -
campaign.
Fourth. The scapegoating of Jews.
Fifth. Discrimination in education
and employment.
Sixth. Refusal of the right to emigrate.
It adds up to a policy of reducing the
Jews to second-class citizenship in the
U.S.S.R., of breaking their spirit and
crushing their pride. It aims to shatter,
pulverize, and gradually eliminate Jewish
historical consciousness and Jewish
Identity. This policy works itself out as
a whole; but for purposes of examina-
tion and evaluation, it can be broken
down into the following categories:
I. DEPRIVATION OF CULTURAL RIGHTS
The 3 million Jews of the U.S.S.R. are
officially recognized as a nationality.
Although Soviet Jews constitute only
1.09 percent of the total Soviet popula-
tion, they rank 11th numerically among
the more than 100 diverse Soviet nation-
alities.
Soviet ideology, Communist Party di-
rectives, the Soviet Constitution and law,
and historic Soviet practice all recognize
the inherent right of every Soviet na-
tionality to maintain and perpetuate its
own cultural identity, through its own
cultural institutions in its own language.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 22069
The Jews are the only nationality
which is deprived of the basic cultural
rights accorded to all the others.
Although the use of Hebrew as a Jew-
ish national language was forbidden soon
after the Bolshevik revolution, the Jews
were permitted a wide-ranging cultural
life in Yiddish.
Until 1940, they were permitted a large
network of schools, elementary, middle
and higher schools, in the Yiddish lan-
gnage. Until 1948, they were allowed
newspapers, publishing houses, thou-
sands of books, a variety of literary
journals, professional repertory theaters
and dramatic schools, literary and cul-
tural research institutes?all in Yiddish.
In 1948, this whole vast array of insti-
tutions was forcibly closed down and
liquidated. Hundreds of Jewish writers,
artists, and intellectuals were imprisoned
or banished. The 24 most distinguished
and talented of them were secretly tried
on trumped-up charges of espionage, and
executed in 1952.
No basic change in this policy of cul-
tural deprivation and discrimination oc-
curred, despite Stalin's death and the
gradual easing of conditions generally?
until 1959. In 1959 and in 1961, only six
Yiddish books were published?all six by
writers long since dead. The books were
put out in editions of 30,000 copies each,
in large part for export. No Yiddish
book was published in 1960 or 1962 or
1963 or in 1964 to date. And since 1948-
16 years?not one Yiddish book has been
published by a living Jewish writer.
The Soviet Yiddish theater, once one
of the great prides of Soviet artistic
achievement, was forcibly liquidated in
1948 and has never been reopened. In
Moscow and Leningrad?the two major
centers of Soviet Jewry, together num-
bering nearly 1 million Jews?there is
neither a professional nor an amateur
Jewish theater or any other Jewish ar-
tistic or cultural group permitted to
-exist
Jews are forbidden schools of their
own. They _are forbidden classes in Yid-
dish or Hebrew in the general schools.
They are even forbidden classes in the
Russian language on Jewish history and
culture.
IT. DEPRIVATION OF RELIGIOUS RIGHTS
In addition to their status as a na-
tionality, the Jews are also regarded as
,a religious group. Officially, Jewish con-
gregations, synagogues, and rabbis oc-
cupy a status more or less comparable to
similar religious institutions of the Rus-
sian Orthodox Church, the Baptists, the'
Lutherans, the Roman Catholics, and
the Moslems.
But the Jewish religion is subjected to
unique discrimination, and religious
Jews are subjected to special disabilities
which do not affect any other major re-
ligious denomination in the U.S.S.R.
Unlike all the other denominations,
Jewish congregations are not permitted
to maintain nationwide federations or
other central organizations through
which their religious needs would be
serviced and religious contact and com-
munication maintained. Synagogues
and rabbis are also forbidden to maintain
any kind of officially sanctioned, formal
affiliation or contact with organizations
of coreligionists abroad.
No Hebrew Bible has been published
since 1917, nor has even a Russian
translation of the Jewish Bible been al-
lowed. Not a single Jewish religious
book, whether of scholarship or piety,
has appeared in print Since the early
1920's. There is an extreme shortage of
prayer books and religious calendars,
and no facilities or authorization for
their publication. The decades-old ban
on Hebrew prevents Jewish children
from understanding or participating in
the prayers of their religion. The pro-
duction of indispensable religious arti-
cles is prohibited. -
Synagogues have been forcibly closed
down in many cities and towns. In
these circumstances, Jews frequently try
to gather in each others' homes for
prayers. But such private prayer meet-
ings (minyans) have been banned, dis-
persed, or otherwise harassed.
A singular discrimination is practiced
against the sole rabbinical seminary in
the country, opened in Moscow in 1957.
Its student body was never permitted
to exceed 14, though a great many
applications were received. For the last
couple of years, no more than three or
four students have been permitted
there.
Three of the most ancient and funda-
mental Jewish religious rites have been
subjected to systematic administrative
pressures, whose object is to prevent
Soviet Jews from practicing them.
Soviet Jews have virtually ceased to
practice circumcision, for fear of cen-
sure or punishment. Also, the authori-
ties, in Moscow, Kiev, and other places
in the past year or so, have effectively
stopped the burial of Jews in consecrated
ground. And in the past few years,
they have prohibited the public baking
and sale of matzah, the unleavened
bread indispensable to the proper ob-,
servance of the Passover. This year, as
in the last 2 years in Moscow and the
last 7 years in other parts of the coun-
try?religious Jews, and even secular
,Jews who have a special feeling for
'Passover and matzah, were forced to do
without.
THE ANTI-JEWISH PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN
The Soviet policy of cultural and re-
ligious repression of the Jews is con-
ducted within the charged atmosphere
of a virulent press and propaganda
campaign against Judaism. In this
campaign, Jews are represented in tra-
ditional anti-Semitic stereotypes?as
unscrupulous, cunning, sly, and mean.
Judaism as a religion is vilified. Its
clerical and lay leadership is portrayed
as a bunch of swindlers, moneygrabbers,
and immoralists. The Jewish religion is
portrayed as a focus of disloyalty to the
U.S.S.R. It should be noted that only
with respect to Jews and /Judaism has
the issue of loyalty been injected into
Soviet antireligious propaganda.
Perhaps the most hair-raising example
of this sort of thing appears in a full-
scale "scientific" volume published in
late 1963 by the Ukrainian Academy of
Sciences in Kiev. It is called "Judaism
Without Embellishment" by T. K.
Kychko?and it passes for scholarship
and Science in the Ukraine.
Even though Soviet authorities be-
latedly issued tepid and halfhearted
criticisms of the book, largely as a result
of worldwide indignation and protest, it
was never condemned for the vicious
anti-Semitic tract that it is, and the au-
thorities failed, as they have so often
in the past, to use this incident as the
occasion for the initiation of a massive
educational campaign against anti-
Semitism. Moreover, other such books,
containing similar bile, continue to ap-
pear in the U.S.S.R.
IV. THE SCAPEGOATING OF JEWS
Alongside this virulent anti-Jewish
propaganda in the press and other publi-
cations has been the notable pattern of
hostility against the Jews in the massive
national campaign waged against eco-
nomic offenses.
Beginning in May 1961, a series of
decrees called for capital punishment for
such crimes as embezzlement, currency
speculation, and bribery.
In the process of seeking to eradicate
and prevent such large-scale and wide-
spread economic abuses?in which the
majority of the Soviet citizenry is evi-
dently forced by economic necessity to
engage?the authorities have made
scapegoats of the Jews. Accompanying
the clraconic measure of capital punish-
ment has been a major, systematic na-
tionwide press campaign that has
featured trials resulting in death sen-
tences' for the accused. Scores of such
trials have been reported from cities
throughout the country.
Jews have been used as the scapegoats
for the economic ills that plague the
country. They are singled out in these
trials, which are conducted in a circus?
atmosphere that is a travesty of justice;
singled out in the press campaign, which
isa mockery of objective journalism; and
singled out, most of all, in the death
sentences. For of the 195 people sen-
tenced to death for such crimes, at least
100?and possibly as many as 106?have
been Jews.
In general, the Jews are consistently
presented as people who are "Slaves of
Gold" and "whose only God is gold" and
who are "money worshippers"?all tra-
ditional anti-Semitic stereotypes which
are applied in the Soviet press only to
Jews accused of economic crimes.
The ominous significance of this pub-
licity?alongside the anti-Semitic char-
acter of the official propaganda against
the Jewish religion itself?is unmistak-
able. It informs the conditioned Soviet
reader that the Government and party
think the tiny community of Jews, con-
stituting little more than 1 percent of the
population, is responsible for 50-55 per-
cent?and in some areas?such as the
Ukraine-80-90 percent?of the eco-
nomic crimes that warrant capital pun-
ishment.
All this has just been fully confirmed
and analyzed in great detail in the cur-
rent issue of the scholarly Journal of that
distinguished world legal body, the In-
ternational Commission of Jurists.
This has had two dire results: It has
exacebrated endemic anti-Semitic. And
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22070'. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD =47SENATE,
It has created an atmosphere of fright
and intimidation in many Jewish com-
munities and homes.
V. DISCRIMINATION IN EDUCATION AND
EMPLOYMENT
The proportion of Jews in higher edu-
cation, science, and the professions has
been declining for many years. In many
universities and advanced institutes, a
numerus clausus and sometimes even a
numerus nullus prevails. Jews have di-
minished from 13.5 percent of all stu-
dents in higher education,-in 1935, to 3.1
percent today?and this, despite the fact
that the Jews are a highly urbanized
community whose aspirations toward ed-
ucation have diminished in no discerni-
ble way.
Some especially gifted Jews will indeed
be found in top positions in various walks
of life?a concession by the authorities
to the country's needs in those sectors.
But Jews have virtually disappeared
from the diplomatic servicc, and, with
rare exception, from positions of major
responsibility in the armed forces. Jews
in the middle ranks of economic, indus-
trial, technical, and engineering work
know that they cannot aspire to the
leading positions in any of those sectors.
VI. REFUSAL OF THE RIGHT TO EMIGRATE
East European Jewry, including So-
viet Jews, suffered enormously at the
hands of the Nazi butchers during the
war. Many of the survivors in the
U.S.S.R. are the sole remnants of their
families on the East European soil that
Is for them intolerably soaked with
Jewish blood, and, in their memories,
filled with insufferable nightmares.
Many thousands of Soviet Jews Wish
to leave the U.S.S.R. to be reunited with
the remnants of their broken families
who have managed to create a new life
for themselves on new soil?in Israel, the
United States, and elsewhere.
The Soviet Government has refused
these Jews the elementary human right,
even on purely humanitarian grounds,
to leave their country in order to be re-
united with their families?even though
the U.S.S.R. has in principle accepted
the legitimacy of this right.
In sum Soviet policy places the Jews
in an inextricable vise. They cannot
assimilate, nor live a full Jewish life, nor
can they emigrate to live freely as Jews
or rejoin war-scattered families. On the
one hand, the authorities want the Jews
to assimilate; on the other hand, they ?
fear the full penetration of Soviet life
which assimilation implies. So the Jews
are formally recognized as a nationality,
as a religious group, as equal- citizens?
but are at the same time deprived of
their national and religious rights as a
group, and of full equality as individuals.
Soviet policy as a whole, then, amounts
to spiritual strangulation?the depriva-
tion of Soviet Jewry's natural right to
know the Jewish past and to participate
in the Jewish present. And without a
past and a present, the future is pre-
carious indeed.
In April of this year, hundreds of rep-
resentatives of all the major national
American Jewish organizations gathered
In this city to express their unified con-
cern with the current plight of their
coreligionists in the Soviet-II:Mon. 7 I was
privileged, among others, to address that
conference. ?
The American Jewish Conference on
Soviet Jewry protested the denial to
Soviet Jews of those basic institutions
and facilities granted to other religions
and nationality groups within the Soviet
Union. In an appeal to the conscience
of the free world, the conference ex-
pressed hope that the Soviet authorities
would respond to at least 18 specific
demands, as follows:
First. To declare its policy of eradicat-
ing anti-Semitism by a vigorous educa-
tional effort conducted by government
and party.
Second. To permit the free function-
ing of synagogues and private prayer
meetings.
Third. To remove hindrances to the
observance of sacred rites such as religi-
ous burial and circumcision.
Fourth. To make possible the produc-
tion and distribution " of phylacteries,
prayer shawls, mezzuzoth, religious
calendars, and other religious articles.
Fifth. To restore all rights and facili-
ties for the production and distribution
of matzah and kosher food.
Sixth. To make available facilities to
publish Hebrew Bibles, prayer books, and
other religious texts in the necessary
quantities.
Seventh. To permit the organization
of a nationwide federation of syna-
gogues.
Eighth. To sanction the association of
such a federation with organizations of
coreligionists abroad.
Ninth. To permit Jews to make religi-
ous pilgrimages to the Holy places in
Israel.
Tenth. To make it possible to allow
all qualified applicants to ?attend the
Moscow Yeshivah, to provide facilities
for the establishment of additional.
Yeshivot as needed, and to enable rab-
binical students to study at seminaries
abroad.
Eleventh. To provide schools and other
facilities for the study of Yiddish and
Hebrew, and of Jewish history, literature,
and culture.
Twelfth. To permit Jewish writers, ar-
tists, and other intellectuals to create
their own institutions for the encourage-
ment of Jewish cultural and artistic life.
Thirteenth. To reestablish a Yiddish
publishing house and to publish hooks in
Yiddish by classical and contemporary
Jewish writers.
Fourteenth. To reestablish Yiddish
state theaters in major centers of Jewish
population and to publish Yiddish lan-
guage newspapers with national circula-
tion.
Fifteenth. To eliminate discrimination
against Jews in all areas of Soviet public
life.
Sixteenth. To end all propaganda cam-
paigns which use anti-Semitic stereo-
types, implied or overt.
Seventeenth. To halt the discrimina-
tory application of maximum penalties,
including the death sentence, against
Jews for alleged economic crimes.
Eighteenth. To make possible on hu-
manitarian grounds Soviet Jews who are
members of families separated as a result
September 2.4
of -the Nazi holocaust to be reunited with
their relatives abroad.
The conference appealed for a redress
of these and other wrongs and sufferings
and for the elimination of discrimination
and the full restoration of Jewish rights
In the U.S.S.R.
The world has learned from bitter ex-
perience of the dangers of persecution of
the Jews. . We have learned that it is a
symptom of a greater sickness, a symp-
tom which, though it hurts the ,sufferer,
is not felt by others until the sickness
spreads.
Let- us try to curb this sickness, before
it spreads. Let us say to the Soviet
Union:
If the world is to have new hope, if the
cold war is to ease, let the first thaw occur
-in the Icy indifference youhave shown to the
plaintive cries of those within your borders
who seek an end .to religious persecution.
Soviet Jews surely have the right to
walk in dignity?no less than their fel-
low citizens of other nationalities and re-
ligions. They are deprived of this right?
and the Democratic Party of the Nation
that is the leader of the free world, has
the obligation to protest, in the name of
human decency. I urge adoption of the
amendment.
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. RIBICOFF. I am pleased to yield
to the Senator from Colorado.
Mr. DOMINICK. Will the Senator be
kind enough to add my name as a co-
sponsor of the amendment?
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the name of the
Senator from Colorado be added as a
cosponsor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. RIBICOFF._ I yield.
Mr. TALMADGE. Will the Senator
ask that my name be added as a co-
sponsor of the amendment?
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the name of the
Senator from Georgia be added as a co-
sponsor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without-
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr". JAVITS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield me 2 minutes?
Mr. RIBICOFF. I am pleased to yield
2 minutes to the distinguished Senator
from New York.
Mr. JAVITS. I hope very much that
the Senate will adopt the amendment,
and will do so unanimously. I make that
statment for the following reasons:
One of the most treasured traditions
of the United States is the fact that it
has protested violations of human rights
throughout the years?ever since its
early history?and it had occasion to
protest persecution in czarist Russia, to
condemn programs against Jews, and
other oppressions in the closing decades
of the 19th century.
Like many other Member; of this
body, I have been in the Soviet Union
and I can testify personally to the atmos-
phere which exists there, which is de-
signed directly to repress the practice
of the Jewish faith.
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1964, CONGRESSONAI; ICECORD ? SENATE
The extraordinary thing is that in the
barbaric practice in the Soviet Union of
executing people for so-called economic
crimes, such as alleged black-marketeer-
ing?punishment which is barbaric in
terms of the civilized world?though
Jews constitute 11/2 percent of the
population, over 50 percent of the
almost 200 people executed for those
economic crimes were Jews. The Rus-
sian newspapers, which rarely publish
the names of those accused of crimes
except in the case of a political show
trial, regularly publish the names of
Jews who are arrested and charged with
black-marketeering in synagogues, and
other alleged economic offenses. It is
almost shameful that we must say it to-
day, but that practice of reporting dis-
tinctly Jewish names could not go on
without at least the implication that the
Soviet Government looked upon it with
some favor.
Mr. President, this is a precise case for
an expression of emphatic disapproval
by the Senate of the United States, and
we have the opportunity to do in the fine
amendment offered by the Senator from
Connecticut [Mr. RIBICOFF]. I hope that
the Senate will act upon it today, de-
cisively, and unanimously.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the names of
the Senator from Michigan [Mr. HART] ,
the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. NEL-
SON] ,`and the Senator from South Caro-
lina [Mr. JOHNSTON] be added as cospon-
sors.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield to my col-
league.-
Mr. DODD. I strongly support the
amendment offered by my colleague.
The amendment is timely. In fact, it is
overdue in time. On several occasions I
have spoken on the same subject?the
persecution of religion and particularly
of the Jews in the Soviet Union.
I remember back as far as 1954, when,
as a Member of the House, I was-privi-
leged to serve on the Select Committee on
Communist Aggression in the 82d Con-
gress. The committee took extensive
testimony on the persecution of Jews and
other religious and ethnic minorities in
the Soviet Union.
I have spoken in this Chamber on this
, this subject before, and particularly in
February 1960, when I made an extensive
speech on the subject of persecution of
the Jews in the Soviet Union.
Great credit is due our colleague from
Connecticut for crystallizing this ques-
tion and for giving it the dramatic set-
ting which is needed for all to tinder-
stand the situation currently and prop-
erly. He has rendered a great public
service. And as the Senator from New
York has pointed out, this action is es-
sential. I hope that the Senate will act
promptly. And I hope the Senate will
act with one voice, so that our foes who
are engaged in this dreadful and sinful
persecution of the Jewish people in the
Soviet Union will feel the great moral
force and effect of the voice with which
the U.S. Senate is speaking. I could not
more heartily endorse it.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to add as a cospon-
sor the name of the Senator from Nevada
[Mr. BIBLE].
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield now to the
Senator from ,New York [Mr. KEATING].
Mr. KEATING. I thank the Senator
from Connecticut and commend him for
offering the amendment. I believe orig-
inally I was stated to be a cosponsor. If
not, I would like to have my name added.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, if the
Senator will yield, the Senator from New
York was an original cosponsor of the
resolution and the amendment.
Mr. KEATING. I thank the Senator.
I shall be brief. I hope we can reach
a vote promptly and have a unanimous
vote to -condemn what is going on in
Soviet Russia.
As a longtime exponent of the propo-
sition that America's outrage over the
U.S.S.R.'s ruthless persecution of its
Jewish subjects must be firmly and for-
mally declared, I am pleased to support
this amendment, which expresses the
sense of the Congress condemning Soviet
persecution of members of the Jewish
faith.
During my career in the Senate I have
repeatedly taken the position that per-
secution in all its forms must be exposed
and denounced. It is our obligation, Mr.
President, to make it clear to the world
that this Nation deplores anti-Semitism.
I have cited numerous instances of Com-
munist persecution of the Jews within
its borders, painfully familiar accounts
of vicious propaganda, imprisonment,
and execution. World War II taught us
the lesson that the world has become too
small, and international responsibility
too great, for us to ignore oppression
wherever it appears.
?Mr. President, this statement of prin-
ciple will undoubtedly be attacked by the
Communist world as self-righteous. In
anticipation of this habitual criticism,
let me say that Americans are all too
aware of the wounds of prejudice in their
own land, but an objective look at our
record over the past decade certainly
proves that an overwhelming majority
of Americans are dedicated to eradicat-
ing the blot of intolerance and hatred.
We are blessed with a form of govern-
ment that allows us to protest and to
stamp out injustice, and to work toward
complete fulfillment of the ideals we
cherish.
The peoples of the Soviet Union, on
the other hand, do not enjoy civil rights.
If the all-powerful Communist Party
decides to make life miserable for a
religious or an ethnic group, the object
of its hate Campaign has no recourse to
a court of justice. Neither government
or citizenry in the Soviet Union will take
up their cause. Therefore, it behooves
us, together with all freedom-loving peo-
ples, to make known our unalterable
opposition to this crime, and to state our
position over and over again until the
Soviet Union, under pressure of world
opinion, feels shame for its persecutions
and takes effective steps to abandon hate
and bigotry as an instrument of national
policy.
I am grateful to my friend from Con-
22071
necticut and proud to be a cosponsor of
the amendment which he has offered.
Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield to the Sena-
tor from Tennessee [Mr. WALTEas].
Mr. WALTERS. Mr. President, sev-
eral months ago I joined with almost
two-thirds of the Senate in cosponsoring
Senate Resolution 204 condemning re-
ligious persecution of Jews and people
of other faiths by the Soviet Union.
I did so because I felt we needed to
make it clear to the world that we do
not in any- way condone the continuance
of the present policies of religious op-
pression of the Soviet Union.
I have high hopes that the 88th Con-
gress will add to its already outstanding
record by adopting this resolution prior
to final adjournment, either through
committee action or as an amendment,
thereby voicing the concern of the Con-
gress and the people of the United States.
We are living at a time when the
Communist concept, fathered by Karl
Marx, threatens the way of life of the
entire free world. Ours is a system of
established law and order under God.
The godless system of communism denies
freedom to all; it is a system of govern-
ment which robs the individual of the
precious right of worship as he sees fit.
Today the people of the Soviet Union
live under what has been characterized
as a system of parental law in which peo-
ple are treated not as independent pos-
sessors of rights, but as immature de-
pendent youths who must be trained and
disciplined in their consciousness of
rights and duties and for whom rights
are also gifts. Today the distinctive fea-
ture of Soviet law is that it is force law,
since all of it is pointed to promote the
policy of the Soviet Union without re-
gard to the individual.
The intangible force that makes free-
dom and progress possible in the free
world is of course law that concerns itself
with the individual.
We, in America, are a religious people.
Our Nation was given its beginning by
God-fearing men and on the coin of the
Republic we proudly, proclaim "In God
We Trust."
America has achieved her greatness
not primarily because of her great
natural wealth, but because the founda-
tion of our form of government and way
of life are firmly embedded in the
rugged rock of our Christian spiritual
heritage. It is a heritage that endured
many trials and has successfully with-
stood the onslaughts of time and would-
be conquerors. Ours is a good example
of what religious freedom can do for a
nation, and it is indeed fitting and proper
that we strengthen our defenses against
any encroachment of Communist ideol-
ogy and doctrine by denouncing the So-
viet persecution of the Jewish people.
By adopting this resolution we are an-
nouncing in clear, loud terms to the free
world and to the Soviet Union that we
are not now ready and never will be
ready to accept the vicious propaganda
pattern established in Russia against the
Jews and we vigorously condemn its
continuance.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I
yield now to the Senator from West Vir-
ginia [Mr. RANDOLPH].
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22072 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President,
widespread evidences of anti-Semitism
in the Soviet Union have aroused the
indignation of men and women through-
out the world who believe in justice and
freedom. It has been factually demon-
strated in instance after instance that
the Soviet citizens of Jewish faith are
being persecuted because of their beliefs.
The B'nai B'rith International Coun-
cil has recently issued a special report
which dcicuments anti-Semitic activity
in every phase of Soviet life. The report
specifies denials of Jewish cultural
rights, provides a summary of suppres-
sion of Judaism in religious practices,
and gives evidence of discriminatory ac-
tion in areas such as education, employ-
ment, and political activity. It also
points out that there are indications of
rising anti-Semitic attitudes on the part
of the Soviet people.
The Washington Star, on August 14,
1964, carried an editorial commending
the efforts of our distinguished colleague,
Senator ABRAHAM R/BICOFF, in focusing
public attention on this deplorable situa-
tion. Senator RIBICOFF has sponsored
Senate Resolution 204 as an amendment
to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1964,
both of which call for a resolution on the
part of Congress deploring persecution of
the Jews in the Soviet Union. I request
unanimous consent that the Star edi-
torial be printed at this point in my re-
marks.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE SOVIET UNION
Senator RIBICOFF has made an excellent
case for his proposal to have the Senate go
on record. as condemning religious persecu-
tion in the Soviet Union. As he has told
the Foreign Relations Committee, there can
be no doubt that such persecution exists,
and it is especially virulent in the case of
the U.S.S.R.'s 3 million Jews.
In the Senator's words, the Kremlin's anti-
semitic policy "aims to shatter, pulverize
and gradually eliminate Jewish historical
consciousness and Jewish identity." To that
end, Soviet Jews have been deprived of their
cultural rights; have been denied the free
exercise of their religion; have been dis-
criminated against in education and em-
ployment; have been used as scapegoats for
the country's economic ills; have been sub-
jected to a campaign of ceaseless vilification
in the press; and have been forbidden to
emigrate to other lands. Accordingly, with
the cosponsorship of 63 other Senators, Mr.
RIBICOFE as long ago as last September intro-
duced a resolution calling upon the Senate
to declare against this evil.
It is a sound resolution and it should be
adopted,without further delay. The Soviet
leaders, of course, are not going to turn over
a new leaf just because of it, but it may
help to persuade them to moderate their
present policy against the Jews and other
minorities. In any case, as Senator Jsvrrs
has declared, affirmative Senate action would
help to "expose * * * the hyocrisy behind
the Kremlin's denial of anti-Jewish actions."
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, as
one of the original cosponsors of Senate
Resolution 204, I urge the Senate to
unanimously affirm the pending amend-
ment. It is most appropriate that an-
..., official branch of Government in the
United States go on record opposing the
continuation of discriminatory actions
against the Jews of the Soviet Union. I
commend the Senator from Connecticut,
and join in the advocacy of the amend-
ment.
Mr. RD3ICOFF. Mr. President, I yield
back the remainder of my time.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
send to the desk a substitute for the
pending amendment, and ask that it
be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment offered by the Senator from
Arkansas as a substitute for the amend-
ment offered by the Senator from Con-
necticut [Mr. RIBICOFF], for himself .and
other Senators, will be stated.
The Chief Clerk read the amendment
in the nature of a substitute, as follows:
On page 1, after line 5, insert the follow-
ing:
"CHAPTER 1?POLICY
"SEC. 101. Section 101 of the Foreign. As-
sistance Act of 1961, as _amended, which re-
lates to statement of policy, is amended by
inserting the following at the end of the
first sentence of the sixth paragraph:
"'The Congress heartily condemns in-
fringement of religious freedom anywhere in
the world. It is the sense of the Congress
that persecution of any persons because of
their religion and the execution of persons
for alleged economic offenses be condemned,
and that all persons should be permitted the
free exercise of religion and the pursuit of
culture.'"
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
yield myself 3 minutes.
If we are to go into the procedure of
condemning religious persecutions, I see
no reason why we should limit it to the
Soviet Union. It is the practice in many
countries of the world.
We have read about these persecutions.
Protestants have had difficulties in
Spain. In Italy certain sects were mal-
treated?or thought they were and be-
lieved themselves subjected to religious
persecution. We know that persecution
takes place in varying degrees in many
other countries.
I am not sure that the Congress should
restrict its condemnation of persecution
of religious sects, in this instance Jews,
to Soviet Russia. If we condemn reli-
gious persecution there, I see no reason
why we should not condemn it in other
countries. It is not restricted to the
Soviet Union.
Therefore, I believe my amendment is
germane and is consistent with a con-
demnation of persecution, such as that
of Jews in the Soviet Union. It would
also condemn the persecution of Baptists
or Methodists or any other sects in the
Soviet Union.
I do not see why the Senator from
Connecticut could not accept this substi-
tute, because it covers the field he seeks
to cover. It extends the same sympathy
to other sects being persecuted. I do not
know why we should be so exclusive as to
restrict the condemnation only to the
persecution of the Jews. I hope the Sen-
ator agrees to accept the amendment,
and I hope the Senate will accept it.
Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I ob-
ject very strenuously to the substitute
amendment offered by the Senator from
Arkansas. What the Senator from Ar-
kansas seeks to do is to completely un-
dercut the original resolution and take
September 24
the Soviet Union "off the hook." I can-
not stand on the floor of the Senate and
allow the Senator from Arkansas to ac-
complish this end.
We are dealing here with an unusual
situation. There are 3 million Jews in
the Soviet Union. They are the second
largest rannber of Jews in-the world. The
largest Jewish population is in the United
States, 5 million. For the Past 20 years
there has been an attrition of and an
attempt to wipe out the Jews of the
Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union does not encourage
any religion, but the difference we have
here is that the Soviet Union_ does not
treat the Jews as belonging to a religion,
but as a nationality. The Methodists,
Baptists, Catholics, Mormons?whatever
sect one can think of?are treated as
members of a religion in the Soviet Un-
ion, but the Jew has stamped on his pass-
port "Jew," representing his nationality.
A Russian Methodist does not have
stamped on his passport "Methodist." A
Roman Catholic does not have stamped
on his passport "Roman Catholic." A
Baptist does not have stamped on his
passport "Baptist." So this is an entirely
different situation.
The Soviet Union would like very much
to see the adoption of the amendment of-
fered by the Senator from Arkansas, be-
cause it could say, "See; we are not treat-
ing the Jews any differently than we treat
anyone else." But there are 101 separate
nationalities in the Soviet Union, and
the Jews are not treated as one of those
nationalities. They are singled out from
all the other nationalities. Jews cannot
have schools of their own. Other na-
tionalities can. The Jews, cannot have
theaters of their own. The other na-
tionalities can. The Jews cannot have
their own religious seminaries. The oth-
er nationalities can. The Jews cannot
have their own newspapers and maga-
zines. The other nationalities can.
We seek to tell the world that the
Soviet Union seeks to grind out 3 million
Jews. The whole world stood by when
the Nazi regime took over in Germany
and started to exterminate the Jews of
Germany and of the satellite countries
that they had invaded. All we are seek-
ing to do is to raise the conscience of
the entire world, not only of the Amer-
ican people, to make sure that what hap-
pened to the 6 million Jews in Europe
will not happen to the 3 million Jews in
the Soviet Union.
I, for one, object to the Senator from
Arkansas taking the Soviet Union off the
hook. They should be brought to face the
public opinion of the world on what the
Soviet Union seeks to do to 3 million
people. If the Senator from Arkansas is
concerned with religious persecution of
other people in the world, let him offer
a separate amendment. I would support
such a separate amendment.
But, the only way in which we can in-
fluence the Soviet Union is to bring them
up against world opinion. World opinion
cannot be better expressed than by ac-
tion taken in the Senate of the United
States by the adoption of my amendment.
Senators represent 50 States. We
speak for all the people. We speak for
the people of every religion and of every
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
faith. If Senators, who represent 184
million people, would accept by unani-
mous vote the amendment we have of-
fered, it would be a warning to the Soviet
Union that the American people are
aroused and that the American people
will not stand idly by.
I hope the Senate will reject the sub-
stitute amendment of the Senator from
Arkansas, because it undercuts complete-
ly what we seek to do in the amendment
that we have offered.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield to the Senator
from New York.
Mr. JAVITS: I support my colleague
from Connecticut in his position against
the amendment offered by the Senator
from Arkansas. I support the Senator
from Connecticut on all the grounds that
he has stated, plus two additional
grounds.
Mr. President, we are dealing within a
frame of history in the Soviet Union of
anti-Semitism, which the U.S. Govern-
ment protested many times.
Second, there is no situation compara-
ble with the points made abotit execu-
tions for economic crimes, and the dread-
ful and -terrible suppression that they
represent.
Unless we adopt the basic amendment
and make the protest which it repre-
sents, we shall not be effective, consider-
ing the status of our relations with the
Soviet Union. Our action would be ef-
fective only if the Senate declared itself
in favor of the fundamental resolution.
I hope the Fulbright amendment will be
defeated and that the Ribicoff amend-
ment will be adopted.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield.
Mr. MORSE. I say to the Senator
from Connecticut that I associate myself
with every argument he has made. His
arguments are unanSwerable. The per-
secution of Jews in Russia is an unques-
tioned fact. The United States should
go on record in opposition to this in-
humanity of man to man. The oppor-
tunity we have as Senators is to adopt
the amendment of the Senator from
- Connecticut and to defeat the amend-
ment offered by the Senator from Ar-
kansas.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
yield myself 3 minutes.
I appreciate the compliment of Sena--
tors in attributing all the opposition to
me. As a matter of fact the State De-
partment, which is not known to be
opposed to the interests of Israel, and
the U.S. Information Agency look with a
jaundiced eye on this proposal. The
State Department has recommended
against the acceptance of the amend-
ment by the committee. It is the same as
the resolution which had previously been
submitted to the cpmmittee. The pur-
pose of it is to help the Jews in the Soviet
Union. As so often happens, the over-
zealous friends of people may do them
more harm than do their enemies.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD at
the conclusion of these particular re-
marks the complete report from the
State Department and from the U.S. In-
formation Agency.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. FULBRIGHT. I should like to
read from page 2 of the letter from the
Department of State:
Specifically, the first clause in the second
paragraph of the resolution to the effect that
"the Government of the Soviet Union is per-
secuting Jewish citizens by singling them
out for extreme punishment for alleged
economic offenses," would be considered by
the Soviet Government and the Soviet peo-
ple as an effort of the American Congress
to interfere with the legal processes of the
Soviet Union.
All things considered, the Department be-
lieves that appeals by private organizations
and individuals to the Soviet authorities is
the procedure most likely to bring about a
change in Soviet policies affecting the situa-
tion of Soviet Jews. Such appeals may
heighten the Soviet sensitivity on this sub-
ject and may encourage a decrease in Soviet
activity against these unfortunate people.
Since the fate of Soviet Jewry is of con-
cern to the world community, serious
thought might be given to a united appeal of
private organizations representing worldwide
Jewry and, if possible, other religious groups.
For the foregoing reasons the Department
does not recommend adoption of a resolution
such as Senate Resolution 204.
The whole letter is concerned with the
plight of the Jewish people in the Soviet
Union. The question is, What is wise to
do about it?
I can understand the appeal of this
matter to Members of this body and their
enthusiasm for it. However, it is the
considered opinion of the Department of
State and the U.S. Information Agency
that this is not the wise way to serve the
purposes of the Senator from Connecti-
cut and of all the other cosponsors of
the amendment.
Everyone regrets the persecution of
the Jews. I am certain that is the
unanimous opinion of all Senators.
However, the question is, Is it wise for us
to take this means to attack this par-
ticular problem?
Let me read a senterice from the U.S.
Information Agency's letter:
Impact on Soviet Union official attitudes
will more likely result from continued ex-
pressions against anti-Semitism by public
and private Americans to Soviet officials.
I read further from the letter of the
Department of State:
Given the uncertainty of the present situ-
ation in the Soviet Union, any such inter-
vention as that proposed by Senate Reso-
lution 204 might be seized upon by the
Soviet authorities to show that they are in
fact able to act independently and might
lead them to take the very action against
the Jewish people of the Soviet Union which
we are, trying to prevent.
Mr. President, I do not wish to pro-
long this discussion. It is not my reso-
lution. I did not initiate it. I have tried
to be helpful to the Senator from Con-
necticut. I warn against overzealous-
ness, which might result in greater in-
jury to the people we are seeking to help.
The Senator made one other point,
namely, about the nationality of the
Jews. It has been my impression that,
particularly under the leadership of Ben-
Gurion, Jews have been considered as
22073
a nation. It is my information that
Ben-Gurion regarded the Jews as a na-
tion, and often made such speeches.
There was some difference of opinion, of
course, but I have understood that the
idea of JewS being a nationality was not
confined to the Soviet Union.
EXHIBIT 1
U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY,
Washington, D.C., March 23, 1964.
Hon. J. W. FULBRIGHT,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations,
U.S. Senate
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I refer to your letter
of September 27, 1963, requesting Agency
comments on Senate Resolution 204, sub-
mitted by Senator RIBICOFF for himself and
60 others, condemning Soviet persecution
of Jews and other religious groups.
The proposed Resolution condemns Soviet
persecution of any persons because of their
religion and specifically calls on the Soviet
Union to cease persecuting the Jews. Un-
happily, we doubt that the resolution will
have any restraining effect on Soviet au-
thorities. Impact on Soviet Union official
attitudes will more likely result from con-
tinued expressions against antisemitism by
public and private Americans to Soviet offi-
cials.
The Bureau of the Budget advises that it
has no objection to the submission of this
report from the standpoint of the admin-
istration's program.
Sincerely,
CARL T. ROWAN/ y
Director.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, D.0 ., April 17, 1964.
Hon. J. W. FULBRIGHT,
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign;
Relations, U.S. Senate.
- DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Thank you for your
letter of September 27, 1963, requesting com-
ment by the Department of State on Senate
Resolution 204 as published in the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD of September. 26. The resolu-
tion expresses the sense of the Senate that
the Soviet Government's persecution of per-
sons because of their religion be condemned,
that the Soviet Government cease executing
persons for alleged economic offenses, and
permit the free exercise of religion and cul-
tural pursuits by Jews and all other persons
living in the Soviet Union.
The Department has consistently stressed
our Government's belief that the long-term
antireligious cainpaign in the Soviet Union
has grown in intensity over the past several
years. All religions, including the Jewish
religion, are being subjected to increasing
restrictions, forms of interference, and nega-
tive social pressures.
The Department cannot stress too strongly
its disapproval of the pressures which are
brought to 'bear against various religious and
minority groups in the Soviet Union. As the
Department has frequently pointed out, in
the case of the Jews these pressures prevent
the normal maintenance and development of
Jewish religious and cultural life.
The Department can well appreciate the
humanitarian and religious motives which
have inspired the drafters of the proposed
Senate Resolution 204, intended to relieve
'the plight of the Jews and other religious
people in the Soviet Union. These unfortu-
nate people continue to suffer for their re-
ligious convictions as the result of repressive
actions initiated by the Soviet Government
since its accession to power following World
War I. If the Department believed that
passage of this resolution offered a reason-
able possibility of achieving its purpose, it
would urge the resolution's submission for
consideration by the Senate. It is the De-
partment's considered opinion that under
present circumstances this unfortunately
would not be the case.
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22074 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
The Department seriously doubts that So-
viet leadership would be influenced favor-
ably by the Senate's adoption of the resolu-
tion. In the past, Soviet officials have reacted
most unfavorably to outside criticism, par-
ticularly that by foreign government organs
or official representatives, on matters which
the Soviet Government considers to be with-
in the sole purview of Soviet internal inter-
ests.
Given the uncertainty of the present situa-
tion in the Soviet Union, any such interven-
tion as that proposed by Senate Resolution
204 might be seized upon by the Soviet au-
thorities to show that they are in fact able
to act independently and might lead them to
take the very action against the Jewish peo-
ple of the Soviet Union which we are trying
to prevent. The resolution might therefore
redound seriously to the detriment of Soviet
Jews and other religious people of the Soviet
Union.
. Specifically, the first clause in the second
paragraph of the resolution to the effect that
"the Government of the Soviet Union is per-
secuting Jewish citizens by singling them out
for extreme punishment for alleged economic
offenses," would be considered by the Soviet
Government and the Soviet people as an
effort of the American Congress to inter-
fere with the legal processes of the Soviet
Union.
All things considered, the Department be-
lieves that appeals by private organizations
and individuals to the Soviet authorities is
the procedure most likely to bring about a
change in Soviet policies affecting the situa-
tion of Soviet Jews. Such appeals may
heighten Soviet sensitivity on this subject
and may encourage a decrease in Soviet ac-
tivity against these unfortunate people.
Since the fate of Soviet Jewry is of concern
to the world community, serious thought
might be given to a united appeal of private
organizations representing worldwide Jewry
and, if possible, other religious groups.
For the foregoing reasons the Department
does not recommend adoption of a resolu-
tion such as Senate Resolution 204.
The Bureau of the Budget advises that,
from the standpoint of the administration's
program there is no objection to the submis-
sion of this report.
Sincerely yours,
Fazazarcx G. DUTTON,
Assistant Secretary.
-, Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, the
Senator from Arkansas says that the
State Department looks on this matter
with ?a jaundiced- eye. Mr. President, I
have a jaundiced view of the State De-
partment's attitude about problems of
the Jews in the Soviet Union. The State
Department has no concept of what is
going on there in relation to this prob-
lem. The State Department's attitude,
if we were to follow it, Would mean that
we would always be behind when we
sought to move, forward in the field of
human rights and human relations.
The State Department never has been
sympathetic to these problems. The
State Department treats Jews merely as
numbers. The State Department seems
to be consistently ignorant and unin-
formed on this problem.
I also disagree with the statement of
the Senator from Arkansas that this sit-
uation should be handled by private
groups. The most august body in the
United States is the Senate of the United
States. If the Senate of the United
States speaks with the unanimous voice,
then the Senate of the United States is
speaking for the' people of the United
States.,
the Soviet Union is concerned with
world opinion, not merely with the state-
ment of one individual or another. For
the life of me, I cannot understand why,
whenever we come up against a problem
on which we seek to speak our consci-
ence, the State Department seeks to
throw cold water on the efforts of the
American people to speak with spirit and
to speak with emotion. I stand on the
floor of the Senate condemning the atti-
tude of the State Department in this
particular instance, because the State
Department shows its ignorance of what
is happening to 3 million Jews. It shows
its indifference. The State Department
has a lot to learn about people as human
beings and humanity in general. The
time has come for the State Department
to get a little education of its own. One
way to give the State Department some
education is to reject the substitute
amendment offered by the Senator from
Arkansas and let the Senate vote. Sixty-
four Senators have joined in cosponsor-
ship of this amendment to condemn the
Soviet Union. We who are U.S. Senators
understand public opinion and under-
stand better what will move the Soviet
Union than do some bureaucrats who sit
in the State Department.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, will my
colleague yield?
Mr. RIBICOFF. I am pleased to yield
to the senior Senator from Connecticut.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I join my
colleague in opposing the amendment in
the nature of a substitute offered by the
Senator from Arkansas.
The first sentence of the amendment
offered by my colleague, and of' which
the senior Senator from New York [Mr.
JAvirs] and I are cosponsors, reads:
It is the sense of the Congress that the
United States deeply believes in freedom of
religion for all people and is opposed to
infringement of this freedom anywhere in
the world.
The amendment in every instance
refers to "all people." So the amend-
ment makes clear what the Senator from
Arkansas is trying to obtain; namely,
that it is not alone directed to the
relief of persecuted Jews in Russia, but
as well, is concerned with the persecution
of all people within the Soviet Union.
It seems to me there is no need for an
amendment to include all others.
Second, it is of the greatest impor-
tance that, once and for all, we tag the
Communists with these acts of persecu-
tion. For a long time they have tried
to make it appear that they are not
people who persecute others because of
religion. Time and again, they have
pointed to their written constitution,
which of course has no meaning, as
proof of the fact that they have not been
against anybody because of his religion.
It took time to discover the true condi-
tion, but we are finally agreed that they
are persecuting people on religious
grounds.
If we pass up the opportunity to do
this and, as the Senator from Connect-
icut has put it, let the Soviets off the
hook, we will have missed a great chance
for the free world to establish a most
important point for the education of
the people concerning what is taking
September 24
plact in the Soviet Union. Once the
amendment has been adopted, they will
know that the Government of the Soviet
Union and Communist governments else-
where in the world are engaged in one
of the most awful things that human-
kind can stoop to; that is, the persecu-
tion of people because of their religious
beliefs. Let us not miss this great oppor-
tunity.
It will be a tragic day if we neglect
this chance by adopting weaker language.
I hope the Substitute amendment of the
Senator from Arkansas will be rejected
and that the amendment of the junior
Senator from Connecticut will be agreed
to.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, first, I
think we would all agree that there is no
feeling on the part of the Senator from
Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGHT1 other than
simply that all of us should condemn
persecution wherever it exists. How-
ever, we have one difference as to how
best to do that.
He has raised a question as to whether
what we are doing is really the best for-
the Jewish community. It is on that
point that I should like to remind my
colleague, which I think is a supplement
with respect to his magnificent state-
ment, that on April 5 and 6, 1964, in
Washington, 24 major American Jewish
organizations, representing practically
all organized American Jewry-.--I believe
they comprise all the leading organiza-
tions?convened an emergency confer-
ence in Washington?the American
Jewish Conference on Soviet Jewry?to
'deal with the plight and problems of
Soviet Jewry. The 24 organizations
were:
American Jewish Committee.
American Jewish Congress.
American-Israel Public Affairs Com-
mittee.
American Trade Union Council for
Histadrut.
American Zionist Council.
B'nai B'rith.
Central Conference of American
Rabbis.
Conference of Presidents of Major
American Jewish Organizations.
Hadassah.
-Jewish Agency for Israel-American
Section.
Jewish Labor Committee.
Jewish War Veterans of the United
States of America.
Labor Zionist Movement.
Mizrachi-Hapoel Hamizrachi.
National ? Community Relations Advi-
sory Council.
National Council of Jewish Women.
National Council of Young Israel.
Rabbinical Assembly.
Rabbinical Council of America.
Synagogue Council of America.
Union of American Hebrew Congrega-
tions.
The Union of Orthodox Jewish Con-
gregations of America.
United Synagogue of America.
The Zionist Organization of America.
Both the junior Senator from Connec-
ticut [Mr. RIBICOFF] and I addressed
that meeting. The Senator from Con-
necticut set forth his resolution, which
he has offered in the Senate as an
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 22075
amendment, for the support of others of
us. The action adopted by that confer-
ence was in the form of an 18-point plan
along the following lines. I read from
the report of the conference proceed-
ings:
Protesting "the denial to Soviet Jews of
the basic institutions and facilities granted
to other religious and ethnic groups of the
Soviet Union," the plan urges the Soviet
Government to-
1. Eradicate anti-Semitism by a vigorous
educational effect conducted by government
and party.
2. Permit the free functioning of syna-
gogues and private prayer meetings.
3. Remove hindrances to the observance
of sacred rites such as religious burial and
circumscision.
4. Permit production and distribution of
religious articles and calendars.
5. Restore facilities to produce and distrib-
ute matzoh and kosher food.
6. Grant ?the right to publish Hebrew
Bibles, prayer books, and other religious
texts.
7. Permit'synagogues in the U.S.S.R. to or-
ganize a nationwide federation.
8. Sanction the association of such a fed-
eration with organizations of their coreli-
gionists abroad.
9. Permit Jews to make religious pilgrim-
ages to Israel.
10. Allow all qualified applicants to attend
,Moscow holy places and rabbinical semi-
naries, and to permit rabbinical students to
study at seminaries abroad.
11. Provide schools and other facilities for
the study of the Yiddish and Hebrew lan-
guages, and Jewish history and culture.
12. Permit Jewish writers, artists, and
other intellectuals to create their own insti-
tutions for the encouragement of Jewish
cultural and artistic life.
13. Reestablish a Yiddish publishing house
to publish books in Yiddish by classical and
contemporary Jewish writers.
14. Reestablish Yiddish state theaters and
permit publication of a Yiddish language
newspaper with nationwide circulation.
15. Eliminate discrimination against Jews
in all areas of Soviet public life.
16. End the anti-Semitic campaign in the
press.
17. End the discriminatory applications of
the death penalty and other severe sentences
imposed against Jews for economic crimes
against the state.
18. Make it possible for Soviet Jews sepa-
rated from their families as a result of
Nazism to be reunited with their relatives
on humanitarian grounds.
What could better express to the So-
viet Union America's official concern
than the resolution which is now offered
as an amendment by Senator RIBICOFF,
zeroing right in on the target, making
it the official concern of the people of
the Nation, and expressing the unmis-
takable indignation of the Senate con-
cerning what is occurring in the Soviet
Union?
The Senator from Connecticut is ex-
actly correct. I urge that the amend-
ment in the nature of a substitute, of-
fered by the Senator from Arkansas
[Mr. FULBRIGHT], be rejected.
Mr. RIBICOFF. I thank the Senator
from Nevi York. In a previous discus-
sion the Senator from New York did the
Senate a great service by presenting a
partial list of resolutions adopted by
past Congresses condemning persecution
of the Jews in Russia. It includes' reso-
No. 184-12
lutions going back to 1879 and those
adopted in 1892, 1906, and 1911. An-
other resolution condemned the perse-
cution of the Jews by Nazi Germany in
1934.
Other resolutions were adopted by the
Senate, protesting the persecution of
Armenian children and the abduction of
Greek children.
In 1956, Congress adopted a resolution
condemning discrimination by Saudi
Arabia against American Jews.
So there is a history of the Senate,
time and time again, adopting resolu-
tions of this type.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that.the names of the Senator from
West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPH] and the
Senator from Maryland [Mr. BEALL] be
added as cosponsors of the amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. KUCHEL. .Mr. President, I favor
what my able friend from Connecticut is
trying to do. So do the American peo-
ple. Religious persecution in the Soviet
Union against Jewish people merits the
condemnation of mankind. Persecution
of any human beings for their faith and
creed is a barbaric thing which shocks
the sensibilities of every decent person.
Today a clear opportunity is afforded
Senators to indicate, by the adoption of
his amendment, their own revulsion, and
that of our country, for all the wanton
acts perpetrated against Jews, their tem-
ples, their cemeteries, their property, and
their lives in the Soviet Union.
We are, this debate makes clear, now
on our way to passing a sense-of-Con-
gress resolution, by an overwhelming
vote. In my judgment, it ought to be
approved in the other body, to indicate
clearly and without equivocation, that
the legislative branch of the U.S. Gov-
ernment rejects the persecution by the
Soviet Government of a people because
of their religion. The United States be-
lieves in religions freedom and condemns
the abuse of that freedom by anyone,
against any faith, anywhere.
Mr. RIBICOFF. I thank the Senator
from California.
? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does
the Senator from Connecticut yield back
the remainder of his time?
Mr. RIBICOFF. I am pleased to yield
back the remainder of my time.
- Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield back the
remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
ment of the Senator from Arkansas.
The amendment was rejected.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question now recurs on the amendment
of the Senator from Connecticut [Mr.
RIBICOFF]. The yeas and nays have been
ordered.
Mr. F'ULBRIGHT. Mr. President, in
view of the rejection of mV amendment
in the nature of a substitute, I am per-
fectly willing to take the amendment of
the Senator from Connecticut to confer-
ence, if he wishes to have me do that.
Mr. RIBICOFF. I thank the distin-
guished Senator from Arkansas, but the
yeas and nays have been ordered on my
amendment. The basic purpose of the
amendment is to put the Senate of the
United States on record, so that the Gov-
ernment of the Soviet Union can see that
the Senate speaks with a strong and
purposeful voice in condemning the per-
secution of the Jews of the Soviet Union.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
ment of the Senator from Connecticut
[Mr. RIBICOFF]. On this question the
yeas and nays have been ordered; and
the clerk will call the roll.
The Chief Clerk called the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I announce that the
Senator from Indiana [Mr. BATE], the
Senator from Maryland [Mr. BREWSTER],
the Senator from North Dakota [Mr.
BuRincid , the Senator from West Vir-
ginia [Mr. BYRD], the Senator from
Idaho [Mr. CHuRcH], the Senator from
Oklahoma [Mr. EDMONDSON], the Sena-
tor from Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER], the
Senator from Alaska [Mr. GRUENING],
the Senator from Indiana [Mr. HARTKE],
the Senator from Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN],
the Senator from Missouri [Mr. LONG],
the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Mc-
CARTHY], the Senator from Oklahoma
[Mr. MONRONEY], the Senator from
Utah [Mr. Moss], the Senator from
Maine [Mr. MusKTE], the Senator from
Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE], the Senator
from Georgia [Mr. RUSSELL], the Sena-
tor from New Jersey [Mr. WILLIA1VIS],
and the Senator from Ohio [Mr. YOUNG]
are absent an official business.
I also announce that the Senator from
Nevada [Mr. CANNON], the Senator from
Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND], the Senator
from Minnesota [Mr. HUMPHREY], the
Senator from Washington [Mr. JACK-
SON], and the Senator from Oregon [Mrs.
NEUBERGER] are necessarily absent.
I also announce that the Senator from
Alabama [Mr. HILL], and the Senator
from Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY] are
absent because of illness.
I further announce that, if present
and voting, the Senator from Maryland
[Mr. BREWSTER], the Senator from
Alaska [Mr. GRUENING], the Senator
from Indiana [Mr. HARTKE], the Senator
from Minnesota [Mr. HUMPHREY], the
Senator from Washington [Mr. JACK-
SON], the Senator from Massachusetts
[Mr. KENNEDY], the Senator from Min-
nesota [Mr. MCCARTHY], the Senator
from Maine [Mr. Musim] , the Senator
from Oregon [Mrs. NEUBERGER], the
Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. PAS-
TORE], and the Senator from New Jersey
[Mr. WiLti.Ams] would each vote "yea."
Mr. KUCHEL. I announce that the
Senators from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON and
Mr. PEARSON], the Senator from New
Hampshire [Mr. COTTON], the Senator
from Nebraska ,[Mr. CITRTIS], the Sena-
tor from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], the Sen-
ator from Arizona [Mr. GOLDWATER], the
Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HRusicA] ,
the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MOR-
TON], the Senator from Massachusetts
[Mr. SALTONSTALL], the Senator from
Pennsylvania [Mr. SCOTT], the Senator
from South Carolina [Mr. THURMOND],
the Senator from Texas, [Mr. TowErt],
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22076 CONGRE'SSIONAL. It?Eantti SENATE.
and the Senator from Delaware [Mr.
WILLIAMS I are necessarily absent.
If present and voting, the Senator
from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON], the Sena-
tor from New Hampshire [Mr. COTTON],
the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN],
the Senators from Nebraska [Mr.
Hausaa and Mr. CURTIS], the Senator
from Kansas [Mr. PEARSON] , the Senator
from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALL],
the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr.
SCOTT], the Senator from South Carolina
[Mr. TRIM/V/0ND] , and the Senator from
Texas [Mr. TOWER] would each vote
"yea."
The result was announced?yeas 60,
nays 1, as follows:
[No. 584 Leg.]
Aiken
Allott
Anderson
Bartlett
Beall
Bennett
Bible
Boggs
Byrd, Va.
Case
Clark
Cooper
Dodd
Dominick
Douglas
Ervin
Fong
Gore
Hart
Hickenlooper
Bayh
Brewster '
Burdick
Byrd, W. Va.
Cannon
Carlson ?
Church
Cotton
Curtis
Dirksen
Eastland
Edmondson
Ellender -
? YEAS-60
Holland
Inouye
Javits
Johnston
Jordan, N.C.
Jordan, Idaho
Keating
Kuchel
Lausche
Long, La.
Magnuson
Mansfield
McClellan
McGee
McGovern
McIntyre
McNamara
Mechem
Metcalf
Miller
NAYS?I
Fulbright
NOT VOTING-39
Morse
Mundt
Nelson
Pell
Prouty
Proxmire
Randolph
Ribicoff
Robertson
Salinger
--Simpson
Smathers
Smith
Sparkman-
Stennis
Symington
Talmadge
Walters
Yarborough
Young, N. Dak.
Goldwater
Gruelling
Hartke
Hayden
Hill
Hruska
Humphrey
Jackson
Kennedy
Long, Mo.
McCarthy
Monzoney
Morton
Moss
Muskie
Neuberger
Pastore
Pearson
Russell
Saltonstall
Scott
Thurmond
Tower
Williams, N.J.
Williams, Del.
Young, Ohio
So Mr. R/BICOFF'S amendment was
agreed to.
Mr. RUSSELL subsequently said:
Mr. President, a short time ago the Sen-
ate voted on the amendment introduced
by Senator RIBICOFF to put the Congress
on record as being strongly opposed to
the religious persecution practiced by the
Soviet Union against the Jewish people
living behind the Iron Curtain.
Mr. President, unfortunately I was de-
tained on other matters and was unable
to come to the Senate for that vote, but
I want the RECORD to show that I strongly
support that amendment and would have
voted for it if I had been here. I also be-
lieve it is high time that the Senate and
the Congress expressed itself on the
matter.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask for
the yeas and nays on the passage of the
foreign aid bill.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I send an
amendment to the desk and ask that it
be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will state the amendment.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 2,
lines 18 and 23, it is proposed to strike
out the word "manufacturing."
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, it is not a
very technical amendment. It merely
enlarges the meaning of the language
with respect ,to making used machinery
and equipment available to other coun-
tries.
The Foreign Relations Committee ac-
cepted an amendment I proposed to re-
quire a study of the possibilities of ex-
panding our present efforts to send to
other countries used machinery and
tools, described as manufacturing equip-
ment.
In the Senate, an amendment was
added to my proposal to expand this
study to include used machinery sold
through regular trade channels.
I think that equipment such as trucks,
tractors, and nonmanufacturing imple-
ments can be useful to the less developed
countries, and I hope this refinement of
my original amendment will be accepted
by the Senate.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
have discussed this amendment with the
distinguished Senator from Connecticut.
I believe it is a good amendment. It
really rectifies the meaning of the
amendment that he offered and the Sen-
ate adopted some time ago.
Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. DODD. I yield.
,Mr. SPARKMAN. The Senator may
recall ..that I offered an amendment.
Does this amendment in any way affect
the amendment which I offered?
Mr. DODD. No.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
ment of the Senator from Connecticut.
The amendment was agreed to.
Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, at
this time I wish to express my opposition
to H.R. 11380, the Foreign Assistance bill
for the fiscal year 1965, now before the
Senate. There was a time, some years
ago, when I felt very much alone in crit-
icizing a program of foreign aid; but as
far back as 1946, I felt justified in this
criticism, and now, some 18 years later,
I am completely convinced of the validity
of my argument.
During recent years we have seen in-
creased opposition by the people of the
United States to the use of so-called
American "dollar diplomacy" as a sub-
stitute for the traditional means of dip-
lomacy once advocated by our Govern-
ment. But since World War II, foreign
aid has become an all too conspicuous
feature of our foreign policy. For too
long we have attempted to satisfy the
demands of our foreign policy by mone-
tary aid that has done nothing more than
cause worldwide resentment toward
this great Nation. I recall the words
from the farewell address of the founder
of our Republic, George Washington,
when he said:
. It is folly in one nation to look for dis-
interested favors from another; * ? * it
must pay with a portion of its independence
for whatever it may accept under that char-
acter.
Those words are as true today as they
were in 1796. However, we have asked
no nation to surrender its sovereignty to
us upon receiving American assistance,
but we do ask these people to honor their
September 24
obligations unaer existing conditions of
international law. It shocks my sense
of conscience and respect for law and
order when I read almost daily the ac-
counts of various belligerent demonstra-
tions against our embassies by people
_who have accepted our foreign aid. I
say it is high time Congress take notice
of these appalling events and to restate
just what constitutes foreign assistance
by our Government.
When we look upon the history of for-
eign aid during the past few years, it is
obvious that the entire program is one of
the greatest frauds ever inflicted upon
the American people.
Mr. President, do you realize that since
World War II, we have spent on foreign
aid a total of some $500 for every man,
woman, and child now living in the
United States? This total is equal to all
Federal Government expenditures of any
nature during the first 143 years after
the inauguration of George Washington.
Incredible as it may seem, this total
represents over one-third of the current
national debt, which, as we know, is a
staggering amount.
Mr. President, I think we should criti-
cally examine the premises of aid doc-
trines, both as to fact and as to value.
In this regard, I am especially concerned
about the economic assistance rendered
in our foreign-aid program. Actually,
very little has been written or said about
the theory of this aspect of foreign aid.
So far as I can determine, the supporters
of economic aid tend to justify their
position on the basis that such aid is
indispensable in increasing the per capi-
ta income of less fortunate people, in
order to promote their general welfare,
which, in turn, leads to the spread of
democracy. But this view fails to take
into consideration certain factors of in-
ternational politics; namely, that eco-
nomic endeavors are substituted for the
prime goal of international affairs, the
political end. Thus, the ever-changing
conditions of economic -affairs are sub-
stituted for the historically proven
methods of well-established legal norms
in the area of international affairs.
Another theory, which is erroneous
upon its very face, is that foreign assist-
ance tends to enhance American pres-
tige and leads to support for the United
States by the uncommitted nations.
Mr. President, to disprove this theory,
I have at my disposal many practical
examples of worldwide demonstrations
against the United States. In Ghana,
for example, we have poured $159 million
of the taxpayers' money?into a nation
which has, on repeated occasions, severe-
ly castigated American officials there,
and has directed mobs against the
American Embassy. These well-con-
trolled attacks culminated the past Feb-
? ruary in a scene that Americans residing
in Ghana will never forget. A crowd
of Ghanaians, led by a Government loud-
speaker van, converged on our Embassy.
They held signs reading, "Yankee Rogues
Go Home." A spokesman for a Govern-
ment-owned Ghanaian newspaper de-
clared over the loudspeaker, "We are fed
up with your imperialist American dol-
lars. We will massacre you as you mas-
sacred the people in Korea and Ger-
many, in Cuba, and Panama."
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1964 CON
Another shocking example is the case
of India, which has received a total of
almost $5 billion in aid. In return for
our generosity, we are plagued with re-
marks by Government officials, such as
a recent one by a prominent member of
the Indian Parliament who denounced
what he thought to be the attitude of
our Government in thinking it had a
right to make and impose decisions on
the Indian people. This view seems to be
somewhat ironic when we cannot even
convince India to give us a minimum of
support in the United Nations.
But one case which has attracted my
attention is that of Indonesia's Presi-
dent, who actually told our Ambassador
in Jakarta to "Go to hell with your aid."
The pathos of the condition in Indonesia
is that we have spent $881 million in eco-
nomic and military commitments.
Numerous- examples of that sort in
the newly emerging nations can be men-
tioned. But now our traditional allies
have begun to heap criticism upon us
after their postwar rehabilitation?such
as in the case of France. Since World
War II, France has actually received $11/2
billion in American aid. In return, we
are slapped with De Gaulle's new inde-
pendent line. It seems that de Gaulle
has convinced the French people that
the United States does not possess the
intellectual or cultural ability to be a
world leader. It seems strange to me
that this opinion of de Gaulle's comes
after $11/2 billion from us and two world
wars fought by us to save France. This
underscores the futility of attempting to
buy friends with foreign aid programs.
I, for one, have grown tired of this
lack of gratitude toward the United
States by various recipients of our for-
eign aid. When our Nation is accused
by an official in Cairo of considering
itself as the shadow of God on earth in
imposing American prineiples, it is high
time we took a long look at the more
than $860 Million spent in aid to the
United Arab Republic. When we see
that our foreign aid programs have cre-
ated keen foreign competition to our
farmers and industries, it is time for us
to examine the merits of a program
under which industrial Japan and Eu-
rope have been handed billions of dollars
in U.S. economic aid, but have, in turn,
purchased mass-production machinery
more modern than much of ours. It is
quite obvious that foreign wages and
taxes are lower than ours, while depre-
ciation allowances are higher. As a
consequence, our industrial security is
threatened.
Mr. President, foreign aid has not only
led to American setbacks in international
affairs; this program has also engaged
in a shocking number of totally wasteful
projects. I was both amused and cer-
tainly annoyed to read a part of the
House debate on this bill, during which
an enterprising Member of the House
made a partial list of unnecessary items
made available to certain foreign na-
tions. For the benefit of Senators who
failed to read the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
of June 9, 1964, I shall mention a few of
those items.
Turkey, a nation which has failed to
achieve economic stability, even after
GRESSIONAL RECORD? SENATE 22077
receiving foreign aid totaling almost
$4,200,000 has listed such interesting
items as a bill for $999.98 for bubble gum.
I know very little about bubble gum; but
It seems to me that $1,000 could be di-
rected toward a more sensible endeavor
In Turkey. Another item for Turkey, of
all things, is a bill for airwick, a house-
hold deodorant, for $10,650.60. But
among the most amazing of all were two
separate bills for Metrecal, totaling
$17,000 for none Other than Cambodia.
? Mr. President, this Nation has granted
Cambodia $355 million in foreign aid;
but only recently Prince Sihanouksstated
that Cambodia's best friend is now Com-
munist China, and all of us are aware of
the role being played by Cambodia in the
Vietnam _situation. Evidently Metrecal
is not needed in Cambodia. Nor is an-
other cent of American assistance to that
nation. I hold in my hand copies of
these bills, some dating as far back as
1961. ?
Some of the examples I have cited are
actually relatively minor, when one con-
siders the whole foreign aid program.
The point I stress is that we have let our
foreign aid program be channeled in
all directions except the right one. How
in the world the advocates of foreign
aid can say this is necessary to keep com-
munism behind the Iron Curtain is be-
yond my comprehension. One has only
to look at Cuba, to see how completely
wrong we have been.
The United States poured over $50 mil-
lion in foreign assistance into Cuba, prior
to Castro, and nearly $2 million after
Castro. I realize that most of this aid
came before Castro, but this point simply
emphasizes the futility of foreign aid.
A foreign aid program cannot possibly
influence nations throughout the world.
As a result of this wasteful spending, the
people of our great Nation are being held
up as objects of ridicule. It seems para-
doxical, to me, that the overburdened
American taxpayer is forced to share in
his own ridicule. Our American dollars
have become the laughingstock of the
world. We have become the proverbial
money changers of the world. It is high
time for the forces of good sense to be
applied to foreign aid.
Communism is not going to terminate
as a result of giveaway programs. If
anything, foreign aid in the past few
years has aided the Commuist ideology,
by turning one set of people against an-
other. For efample, the attack by Israel
on Egypt was probably made possible by
our foreign aid, since economic aid made
it possible for Israel to free its foreign
exchange, for the purpose of purchasing
weapons. The confusing thing is that we
also provide Egypt with a means of pur-
chasing armaments, by granting the
Egyptians economic or nonmilitary aid.
This is also the case with India and Pak-
istan, where we really have created a bad
situation for ourselves.
Mr. President, foreign aid in the form
of economic handouts has resulted in in-
creased criticism of the United States by
both our traditional allies and the so-
called noncommitted nations. I, for one,
am sick and tired of this increased hos-
tility toward the people of our great de-
mocracy. Now is the time for the Senate
to reject this bill. I sincerely believe
that the foreign aid program, in the form
of outright economic handouts and as-
sistance, is going to lead to our own un-
doing. We cannot support the rest of the
'world financially with the hard-earned
money of the American taxpayers.
Now is the time for change. Now is
the time for this great body to reject
this piece of proposed legislation. For-
eign aid proponents owe the American
people an explanation of why they have
been forced to spend a total of $104 bil-
lion, since 1945, on various foreign proj-
ects with which they, themselves, are
not concerned. Let us return to a pro-
gram of foreign policy whereby we are
not forced to "buy" our friends. Their
resentment and the resentment of the
American people are to be reckoned with.
We must prove to the world and to our-
selves that this country is not the "sugar-
daddy" of the world.
Foreign assistance has gone too far.
At no point in my career as a U.S. Sen-
ator have I regarded this issue as more
important than I do today. It is a total
farce for anyone to think that freedom
and democracy can be purchased with
American dollars, or that our money
alone can halt international communism.
For the sake of the American people
and for the salvation of our free Nation,
I urge the Senate to vote against this
latest foreign aid bill now before us.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on the engrossment of the
amendments and third reading of the
bill.
The amendments were ordered to be
engrossed, and the bill to be read -a third
time.
The bill was read the third time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
bill having been read the third time, the
question is, Shall it pass? On this ques-
tion, the yeas and nays have been or-
dered, and the clerk will call the roll.
The Chief Clerk called the roll.
Mr. DOMINICK (after having voted in
the affirmative) . Mr. President, on this
vote I have a pair with the Senator from
South Carolina [Mr. THURMOND]. If he
were present and voting, he would vote
"nay"; if I were at liberty to vote, I would
vote "yea." I withdraw my vote.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I announce that
the Senator from Indiana [Mr. BAYH],
the Senator from Maryland [Mr.
BREWSTER], the Senator from North Da-
kota [Mr. BURDICK], the Senator from
West Virginia [Mr. 33yrin], the Senator
from Idaho [Mr. CHURCH], the Senator
from Oklahoma [Mr. EDMONDSON], the
Senator from Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER],
the Senator from Alaska [Mr. GRUEN-
ING], the Senator from Indiana [Mr.
HARTKE], the Senator from Arizona [Mr.
HAYDEN], the Senator from Missouri
[Mr. LONG], the Senator from Minnesota
[Mr. MCCARTHY], the Senator from Okla-
homa [Mr. MONRONEY], the Senator
from Utah [Mr. Moss], the Senator from
Maine [Mr. MusiciE], the Senator from
Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE], the Sena-
tor from New Jersey [Mr. WILLIAMS],
and the Senator from Ohio [Mr. YOUNG]
are absent on official business.
Also I announce that the Senator
from Nevada [Mr. CANNON], the Senator
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22078 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD =SENATE
from Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND], the
Senator from Minnesota [Mr. HUM-
PHREY] the Senator from Washington
[Mr. JACKSON], and the Senator from
Oregon [Mrs. NEUBERGER] are necessarily
absent.
I also announce that the Senator from
Alabama [Mr. HILL] and the Senator
from Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY] are
absent because of illness.
I further announce that, if present
and voting, the Senator from Indiana
[Mr. BATH], the Senator from Maryland
[Mr. BREWSTER] , the Senator from North
Dakota [Mr. BURDICK], the Senator from
West Virginia [Mr. BYRD] , the Senator
from Idaho [Mr. CHURCH], the Senator
from Alaska [Mr. GRUENING] , the Sen-
ator from Washington [Mr. JACKSON],
the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr.
KENNEDY] , the Senator from Minne-
sota [Mr. MCCARTHY] , the Senator from
Oklahoma [Mr. MONRONEY] , the Senator
from Maine [Mr. Muslaz], the Senator
from Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE] , the
Senator from New Jersey [Mr. WIL-
LIAMS], and the Senator from Ohio [Mr.
YOUNG] would each vote "yea."
? Mr. KUCHEL. I announce that the
Senators from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON
and Mr. PEARSON], the Senator from
New Hampshire [Mr. COTTON], the
Senator from Nebraska [Mr. CuRns],
the Senator from Illinois [Mr. DIRK-
sEN], the Senator from Arizona' [Mr.
GOLDWATER] , the Senator from Ne-
braska [Mr. HRUSKA], the Senator
from Kentucky [Mr. MORTON], the
Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. SAL-
ToNsTALL], the Senator from Pennsyl-
vania [Mr. SCOTT], the Senator from
South Carolina [Mr. THuRmorna], the
Senator from Texas [Mr. TOWER], and
the Senator from Delaware [Mr. WIL-
LIAMS] are necessarily absent.
On this vote, the Senator from Kan-
sas [Mr. CARLsoN] is paired with the
Senator from Nebraska [Mr. CURTIS].
If present and voting, the Senator from
Kansas would vote "yea" and the Senator
from Nebraska would vote "nay."
On this vote, the Senator from Ken-
tucky [Mr. MORTON] is paired with the
Senator from Nebraska [Mr. HRusicA].
If present and voting, the Senator from
Kentucky would vote "yea" and the Sen-
ator from Nebraska would vote "nay."
On this vote, the Senator from Massa-
chusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALL] is paired
with the Senator from Kansas [Mr.
PEARSON] . If present and voting, the
Senator from Massachusetts would vote
"yea" and the Senator from Kansas
would vote "nay."
On this vote, the Senator from Penn-
sylvania [Mr. SCOTT] is paired with the
Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. COT-
TON]. If present and voting, the Sena-
tor from Pennsylvania would vote "yea"
and the Senator from New Hampshire
would vote "nay."
On this vote, the Senator from Dela-
ware [Mr. WILLIAMS] is paired with the
Senator from Texas [Mr. TOWER]. If
present and voting, the Senator from
Delaware would vote "yea" and the Sen-
ator from Texas would vote nay."
The pair of the Senator from South
Carolina [Mr. THURMOND] has been pre-
viously announced.
The result was announced--yeas
nays 16, as follows:
[No. 585 Leg.]
Aiken
Allott
Anderson
Bartlett
Beall
Boggs
Case
Clark
Cooper
Dodd
Douglas
Fong
Fulbright
Gore
Hart
Bennett
Bible
Byrd, Va.
Ervin
Johnston
Jordan, N.C.
Bayh
Brewster
Burdick
Byrd, W. Va.
Cannon
Carlson
Church
Cotton
Curtis
Dirksen
Dominick
Eastland
Edmondson
Ellender
YEAS 41
Hickenlooper
Holland
Inouye
Javits
Keating
Kuchel
Lausche -
Magnuson
Mansfield
McGovern
McIntyre
McNamara
Metcalf
Miller
Mundt
Nelson
Pell
Prouty
Proxmire
Randolph
Ribicoff
Robertson
Salinger
Smathers
Smith
Sparkman
Symington
Walters
Yarborough
1 September 2.4
44, PROPOSED SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION, TO
PAY JUDGMENTS RENDERED AGAINST THE
UNITED STATES (S. Dec. No. 101)
A communication from the President of
the United States, transmitting a proposed
supplemental appropriation to pay judg-
?ments rendered against the United States,
in the amount of $1,024,994 (with accom-
panying papers); to the Committee on Ap-
propriations, and ordered to be printed.
PROPOSED SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION, 1965,
FOR DEPARTMENT OF STATE (S. Doc. No. 102)
A communication from the President of
the United States, transmitting a proposed
supplemental appropriation for the fiscal
year 1965, in the amount of $300,000, for the
Department of State (with an accompanying
paper); to the Committee on Appropriations,
and ordered to be printed.
REPORT ON SHIPMENTS TO YUGOSLAVIA INSURED
BY FOREIGN CREDIT INSUIVANCE ASSOCIATION
AND REPORT-IMPORT BANK
A letter from the Assistant Secretary, Ex-
port-Import Bank of Washington, Washing-
- ton, D.C., reporting, pursuant to law, on ship-
ments to Yugoslavia insured by the Foreign
Credit Insurance Association and that Bank,
for the month of August 1964; to the Com-
mittee on Appropriations.
REPORT ON FEDERAL CONTRIBUTIONS PROGRAM-
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
A letter from the Director of Civil Defense,
Department of the Army, transmitting, pur-
suant to law, a repo-t on Federal contribu-
tions program-equipment and facilities, for
the quarter ended June 30, 1964 (with an ac-
companying report); to the Committee on
Armed Services.
PUBLICATION OF NOTICE OF PROPOSED DIS-
POSITION OF CERTAIN SILK
A letter from the Acting Administrator,
General Services Administration, Washing-
ton, D.C., transmitting, pursuant to law, a
copy of a notice to be published in the Fed-
eral Register of a proposed disposition of
approximately 113,500 pounds of raw silk and
approximately 969,500 pounds of silk noils
now held in the national stockpile (with an
accompanying paper) ; to the Committee on
Armed Services.
REPORT OF THE U.S. ADVISORY COMMISSION
ON INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND CUL-
TURAL AFFAIRS
A letter from the Acting Chairman, the
U.S. Advisory Commission on International ?
Educational and Cultural Affairs, transmit-
ting, pursuant to law, a report of that Com-
mission, dated September 1964 (with an ac-
companying report); to the Committee on
Foreign Relations.
REPORTS OF COMPTROLLER GENERAL
A letter from the Comptroller General of
the United States, transmitting, pursuant
to law, a report on unnecessary 'costs to the
Government for commercial long-distance
telephone calls made by Federal agencies in
the San Francisco region between cities
served by the Federal Telecommunications
System, General Services Administration,
dated September 1964 (with an accompany-
ing report); to the Committee on Govern-
ment Operations.
A letter from the Comptroller General of
the United States, transmitting, pursuant
to law, a report on examination of financial
statements of the Office of the Treasurer of
the United States, Treasury Department,
fiscal year 1963 (with an accompanying re-
port); to the Committee on Government
Operations.
A letter from the Comptroller General of
the United States, transmitting, pursuant
to law, a report On unnecessary testing costs
included in the prices of Klystron tubes pur-
chased from Radio Engineering Laboratories,
Inc., Long Island City, N.Y., Department of
the Air Force, dated September 1964 (with
NAYS-16
Jordan, Idaho Simpson
Long, La. Stennis
McClellan Talmadge
Mechem Young, N. Dak.
Morse
Russell
NOT VOTING-40
Goldwater
Gruening
Hartke
Hayden
Hill
Hruska
Humphrey
Jackson
Kennedy
Long, Mo.
McCarthy
McGee
Monroney
Morton
Moss
Muskie
Neuberger
Pastore
Pearson
Saltonstall
Scott
Thurmond
Tower
Williams, N.J.
Williams, Del.
Young, Ohio
So the bill (H.R. 11380) was passed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move to reconsider the vote by which the
bill was passed.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
move to lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
move that the Senate insist upon its
amendments and request a conference
with the House on the disagreeing votes
of the two Houses thereon, and that the
Chair appoint the conferees on the part
of the Senate.
The motion was agreed to; and the
Presiding Officer appointed Mr. FuT-
BRIGHT, Mr. SPARKMAN, Mr. MANSFIELD,
Mr. HICKENLOOPER, and Mr. AIKEN Con-
ferees on the part of the Senate.
TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE
BUSINESS
By unanimous consent, the following
routine business was transacted:
EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS,
ETC.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore laid before the Senate the follow-
ing communications and letters, which
were referred a? indicated:
PROPOSED APPROPRIATION, 1965, FOR DEPART-
MENT or COMMERCE (D. Dec. No. 103)
A communication from the President of
the 'United States, transmitting a proposed
appropriation for the fiscal year 1965, in the
amount of $15,000, for the Department of
Commerce (with an accompanying paper);
to the Committee on Appropriations, and
ordered to be printed.
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