SAMPLE OF CORRESPONDENCE SUPPORTING THE OPPOSITION OF SENATOR MORSE TO THE SOUTH VIETNAM RESOLUTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200160035-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 3, 2006
• Sequence Number: 35
• Publication Date: August 12, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

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1964 CGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Mr. JAVITS. As to the nursing
schools, the bill is related to both hospi-
tal affiliated nursing schools as well as
nonhospital affiliated nursing schools,
but those which are affiliated with col-
leges and universities. Is that correct?
Mr. HILL. That is correct. The nurs-
ing schools are classified in the college
4-year courses in nursing, then in the
2-year courses, what are referred to as
trade school courses, or 2-year courses in
college, and then what are referred to as
schools in hospitals.
Mr. JAVITS. None of these are
schools for profit?
Mr. HILL. None. They are all non-
profit schools. Any money must go to
nonprofit or public schools.
Mr. JAVITS. We do not necessarily
have anything against private schools,
but we want an understanding of the
quality of the bill.
Finally, the bill will provide not only
for registered professional nurses but
practical nurses as well. Is that cor-
rect?
Mr. HILL. The Senator is correct. I
may add that it provides for teachers,
instructors, and trainers in practical
nursing, with the idea of training more
practical nurses. _
Mr. JAC7ITS. There are few profes-
sions in which shortages are greater than
in nursing. A number of our colleagues
on the other side of the Capitol, espe-
cially the women Members of the House,
Mrs. BOLTON of Ohio in particular, who
has long been a friend of nurses, and was
herself a nurse before she came to Con-
gress, have been strongly in favor of this
particular bill. I hope the Senate will
act favorably on it.
Mr. HILL. The House passed the bill
unanimously. There was no opposition
to the bill in the House.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
committee amendments will be stated.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the com-
mittee amendments be considered en
bloc.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? Without objection, the com-
mittee amendments are considered en
bloc.
The question is on agreeing to the
committee amendments en bloc.
The committee amendments were
agreed to en bloc, as follows:
On page 9, line 15, after the word "pri-
vate", to insert "diploma"; on page 29, line
2, after "June 30,", to strike out "1964" and
insert "1965"; at the beginning of line 7, to
strike out "1964" and insert "1965"; in line
9, after the word "section", to strike out "631
(c) " and insert "825(c) "; in line 12, after the
word "facilities", to insert a comma and "and
section 603(a) of such Act is amended by
striking out clause (4) , by striking out 'and'
following the semicolon at the end of clause
(3), and by Inserting 'and' after the semi-
colon at the end of clause (2) "; and in line 20
after "Juliy 1, to strike out "1964" and in-
sert '1965'
RECORD show that the report was sub-
mitted in advance of passage, because
there are matters in the report with re-
spect to the way the act will be adminis-
tered which are very important as to the
way it will be done, as expressed by the
committee which reported the bill.
THE NURSE TRAINING ACT OF 1964 NEEDED NOW
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
a recent study of a representative group
of hospitals showed a 20-percent short-
age of professional nurses and an 18-per-
cent shortage of practical nurses. Pro-
jections into the near future indicate
that by 1970 we will need an additional
185,000 professional nurses to provide
adequate service in general hospitals.
The Surgeon General's Consultant
Group on Nursing reports that by 1970
there will be an overall demand in this
country for 850,000 trained professional
nurses. This distinguished group felt,
however, that 850,000 was a goal impos-
sible of achievement and set a more real-
istic target of 680,000 professional nurses
by 1970. They feel that the latter figure
can be reached if a broad enough pro-
gram of incentive and assistance is en-
acted immediately.
Mr. President, the Nurse Training Act
of 1964 is the program. Under this bill,
grants would be provided for the con-
struction and rehabilitation of nursing
schools and for strengthening, improv-
ing, and expanding their training pro-
grams. The existing program of trainee-
ships for advanced training of profes-
sional nurses would be expanded. And a
student loan program, modeled after the
National Defense Education Act and the
Health Professions Assistance Act, would
be established.
Mr. President, I have nothing but ad-
miration for every nurse I have ever
known. The high level of skill demanded
by the nursing profession requires a long
period of training. The ever-increasing
complexity of medical techniques is con-
stantly raising the already high level of
skill which must be attained. After
graduation the nurse can look forward to
long hours and low pay. Of course, be-
ing a nurse provides rewards of its own
through the happiness gained from help-
ing others.
But low pay is still low pay, Mr. Presi-
dent. I wish that we could do something
now about raising the pay scale for this
dedicated group of women. If we cannot
do that, at least we can ease the burden
involved in becoming a nurse. This bill
would to some extent accomplish this
latter aim.
The sum of $17,710,000 is authorized
for 1965, increasing to $82,880,000 in
1969. This is money well spent. It is
time that we do something for the nurses
who every day do so much for the peo-
ple. At the same time we will be, pro-
viding for a sufficient number of nurses
to. meet future needs.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, has the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
report been filed? ' is open to further amendment.
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I ask that If there be no further amendment to
the report be printed, be proposed, the question is on the en-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without grossment of the amendments and the
objection, the report will be printed, third reading of the bill.
18541
engrossed, and the bill to be read a
third time.
The bill was read the third time, and
passed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move to reconsider the vote by which the
bill was passed.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I move
to lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
ASSISTANCE IN THE PROVISION OF
GRADUATE OR SPECIALIZED PUB-
LIC HEALTH TRAINING
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Senate
turn to the consideration of H.R. 11083.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be stated by title.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R.
11083) to amend the Public Health Serv-
ice Act to extend the authorization for
assistance in the provision of graduate
or specialized public health training, and
for other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the present consideration
of the bill?
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the bill.
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, the Com-
mittee on Labor and Public Welfare has
approved H.R. 11083, which has been
passed by the House of Representatives.
At the Conference on Public Health
Training held in August of 1963, the au-
thoritative knowledge of 80 leaders in
the fields of public health and public
health training was focused on public
health manpower problems. The con-
ference measured the adequacy of the
rate at which trained personnel are be-
ing developed by evaluating the staffing
of health agencies over the past 10 years.
It is clear that the supply of trained
health professionals is not keeping pace
with population growth. It was also
found that the present rate of training
barely offsets attrition and program ex-
pansion, permitting little gain in pro-
viding more adequate training for the
more than 20,000 inadequately trained
personnel.
For example, in 1958, slightly less than
half of all professional personnel in State
and local health departments had re-
ceived the training necessary to qualify
them fully for their public health re-
sponsibilities. In 1963, 5 years later,
only 51 percent were adequately trained.
In addition, more than 5,000 budgeted
positions are now vacant.
To maintain even the present inade-
quate staffing pattern in State and local
health departments in relation to pop-
ulation growth and to offset attrition, at
least 17,000 more trained workers must
be produced by 1970. This legislation
would permit a total of 8,500 individuals
to receive full-time training in public
health during the 5 years 1965-69.
Many more public health personnel
will be needed by voluntary health agen-
cies and Federal agencies, such as the
Department of Health, Education, and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SEN TE August 12
Welfare, the Department of Defense, and
other departments which have health
responsibilities and international health
programs.
An additional critically important
basic need is to overcome the acute short-
age of teachers, so that the faculties of
the schools which must train these work-
ers may be augmented.
They are vacant because personnel
is not available in the United States with
which to fill these positions.
H.R. 11083 would extend the existing
program of public health traineeships for
5 additional years and extend for 4 addi-
tional years the existing program of proj-
ect grants to schools of public health,
schools of nursing, and schools of engi-
neering, for public health training. Both
programs would carry identical expira-
tion dates of June 30,1969.
H.R. 11083 also provides for a confer-
ence on public health training, to be
called by the Surgeon General of the
Public Health Service between June 30
and December 1. 1967, with a report to
the Congress by January 1, 1968.
The provisions of H.R. 11083 are based
on the recommendations of the Second
National Conference on Public Health
Training, called by the Surgeon General
in August 1963. Action along the lines
recommended by the conference would
significantly help increase the supply of
critically needed professional public
health manpower.
I ask unanimous consent that a table
of the cost, 1965 to 1969, be printed In
the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the table
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
Cost, 1965-69
[In thousands of dollars)
Item
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
Total
Public health
traineeships--
4,500
7, 060
8, 000
10.000
10, 0
0
0
39,500
Project grants__
2,500
4, 000
5, 000
7, 000
pp
p
99
Administration.
375
445
520
590
665
566
2, 695
Total .....
7,315
11,445
13, 520
7
17, 590
19,665
69.595
Man-years of
1
7
[~
employment-.
38
44
61
67
64
252
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, in re-
spect to this bill also, which has just
been reported and placed on the cal-
endar, time was allowed to members of
the committee who might desire to file
dissenting or additional views. I under-
stand the bill has been cleared with
Members who might have been interested
in opposing the bill and that it is agree-
able to them to have It considered at
this time. That is why, as I said with
respect to the previous nursing bill which
was passed, I have joined the Senator
from Alabama in allowing It to be
brought up at this time.
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I want the
Senate to know that I corroborate the
statement of the distinguished Senator
from New York. Members of the com-
mittee who might have wanted to file
their own views were contacted. We
were advised there was no desire to file
minority or supplemental views and that
it was satisfactory to have the bill
brought up at this time.
Mr. JAVITS. So that those who read
the RECORD may understand, this bill also
covers nursing and nursing training, but
nursing and nursing training with
respect to public health needs and post-
graduate training. It is training that is
different from that encompassed in the
bill passed previous to this bill.
Therefore, there is no duplication.
These bills logically follow one after the
other, public health being a branch of
the professional science of both medicine
and nursing which is not encompassed
within either a doctor or a nursing bill
unless It Is expressly designed for public
health purposes. It is well known and
well understood to be an area of profes-
sional competence like surgery, for ex-
ample, in which special postgraduate
training Is required. The purpose of the
bill is to take up nursing In the public
health field where the previous bill left
off.
Mr. HILL. Yes; there is no conflict
between the two bills, and no duplica-
tion. They are complementary one to
the other,
Mr. JAVITS. There is a great defi-
ciency In staffing public health and pub-
lic health agencies. I believe the Senate
would be well advised to pass this meas-
ure.
The PRESIDING OF'F'ICER. The bill
is before the Senate and open to amend-
ment. If there be no amendment to be
proposed, the question is on the third
reading and passage of the bill.
The bill was ordered to a third read-
ing, was read the third time, and passed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move that the Senate reconsider the vote
by which the bill was passed.
Mr. JAVITS. I move to lay that mo-
tion on the table.
The motion to lay on theable was
agreed to.
AN7
SAMPLE OF CORRESPONDENCE SUP-
PORTING THE OPPOSITION OF
SENATOR MORSE TO THE SOUTH
VIETNAM RESOLUTION
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I might have
printed at this point in the RECORD a
sampling of the correspondence that I
have received in recent days in support
of my opposition to the South Vietnam
resolution. My mail is now running bet-
ter than 200 to I in support of my posi-
tion.
There being no objection, the sample
of the correspondence was ordered to be
printed in the RECORD, as follows:
BERKELEY, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAY1tz Moasz,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Stand firm. Insist on debate and accept-
ance now 14-nation conference. Speak for
whole country.
FRANCIS W. HERRING.
Senator WAYNE Monet,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.:
No war.
EUGENE, OREG..
August 5, 1964.
NORTH HOLLYWOOD, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
We fully support your courageous stand
in opposition to U.S. Intervention in
Vietnam.
SANTA MONICA, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Strongly urge negotiations, not force, in
settlement of Vietnam conflict.
Respectfully,
Dr. and Mrs. ZoLTON (Goss.
VAN NUYS, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
Bring our destroyers and aircraft and all
U.S. personnel home. Our Armed Forces have
no business in Asia. We do not want war.
FRANCIS WRIGHT HUMANISES.
EUGENE, OREG.,
August 5, 1964.
Hon. SENATOR WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.:
The following is a copy of a letter I am
sending to President Johnson. "The time of
concern for peace Is past; the child was still-
born. Let me be one of the first to decend
from this current course of insanity. The
policy of Senator WAYNE MORSE or the choice
of President de Gaulle was far more sane.
If you will-humane. Humane for those of
Vietnam-North and South; humane for
Americans; humane for the world." Needless
to say, I shall support you and your past
policy and hope that they will be the prin-
ciples that guide you in your resolution
today.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.:
We support your position on Vietnam, a
political solution not an armed one.
Mrs. RAYELISOLTES.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
We support your position on Vietnam, a
political solution to problems not an armed
solution.
JOANN PINTHOWSHI.
JOAN TES WLE.
Loa ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Support every effort of yours to secure
immediate disengagement all U.S. forces from
southeast Asia.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
I support Senator MORSE'S position on Viet-
nam, a political solution, not an armed one.
Pa sex M. LESLIE.
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CSGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENA=
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
How can we a great Nation attack North
Vietnam for provocations of unproved origin.
and afterward present the issue to U.N.?
How can this decision be so urgent that we
cannot first bring our charges to the U.N.?
EARL BUDIN.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
We strongly support your position against
escalating the war in southeast Asia and
urge you to continue your courageous fight
to have the entire conflict submitted to the
United Nations.
BETTY and MURRAY ABowrrz.
BOSTON, MASS.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
I urge you to not support American acts of
aggression against innocent North Viet-
TACOMA, WASH.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
This is cruet, criminal, dishonest, stupid,
and frightful. Please read that into the
RECORD.
PAUL AND YVONNE BRAUNE.
BERKELEY, CALIF.,
August 5,1964.
WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Events in Vietnam support your position.
We can only lose lives and prestige as a de-
mocracy by carrying the war further. We
should refer the issue to the United Nations.
WALTER PACKARD.
CHICAGO, ILL.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
American battleships off North Vietnam are
provocation, endangering world. Such des-
perate brinkmanship characterizes rightist
extremism.
Remove our ships from Tonkin Gulf.
Ask . immediate U.N. support neutraliza-
tion and withdrawal all foreign troops all
Vietnam. Oppose military actions which
would commit us to prosecution unde-
clared war. Prime responsibility yours.
S. GOLD FAMILY.
COLUMBIA, MO.,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Urge you continue to oppose our further
involvement in southeast Asia war.
JOHN SGRUDER.
CLEVELAND, OHIO,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Oppose further involvement Vietnam.
Get out instead of in. Negotiate through
United Nations.
Sincerely,
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Support your position. Political solution
toward peaceful Vietnam neutralization to
avert world war. Please act.
Mr. and Mrs. H. IRWIN.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE, -
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
I support Senator MORSE's position on Viet-
nam. A political solution not an armed
one.
BUFFALO, N.Y.,
August 5, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Strongly oppose any extension of U.S. com-
mitment in southeast Asia.
Mr. and Mrs. CARL Moos.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Respectfully urge immediate withdrawal of
war vessels cruising off Vietnam to avoid
atomic war.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Our extreme and deliberate action against
North Vietnam is an unwarranted escalation
and serious threat to world peace.
Dr. and Mrs. CHARLES R. KLEEMAN.
NEWPORT, R.I.,
August 5,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Please maintain your magnificent inde-
pendence. Tell public your analysis and do
not rubber stamp war.
JESSIE LLOYD O'CONNOR LITTLE.
COMPTON, R.I.
CHICAGO, ILL.,
August 5,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Urgently hope you speak out against rais-
ing of war risk in southeast Asia.
DR. RICHARD FLACKS.
SEATTLE, WASH.,
August 5,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
A warminded President asks for a third
world war. Please consult Senator GRUEN-
ING and other negatives and issue press state-
ment at once.
ARTHUR C. DEWrrT,
U.S. Senate Candidate.
OAKLAND, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Please run as an independent for Presi-
dent. Voters need a choice on foreign policy.
THELMA SHUMAKE.
18543
SALEM, OREG.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Enthusiastically support your opposition
to military involvement in Vietnam.
PETER GRIFFIN.
OAKLAND, CALIF.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Keep up the good work. Stop war Vietnam.
HAZEL M. LINTON.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations for
your candor and courage in describing the
character of American military action
against North Vietnam.
Palo Alto, Calif.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
The Senate of the United States,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The news tonight
that U.S. planes are bombing North Vietnam
makes most distressingly apparent the need
for a voice of reason with respect to our
policy in southeast Asia generally and
Vietnam in particular. In the past, yours
has been the strongest voice-may I urge
you to keep up the good work? To what can
our present policy lead except the involve-
ment of Communist China (another Korean
war) and possibly the Soviet Union, and
nuclear war. (North Vietnam has never
been a threat to us; nobody, obviously, is
interested in what happens to the Viet-
namese, but world war III involves every-
body on this planet.)
The United States has about as much busi-
ness in Vietnam as the Soviet Union had in
Cuba-is the American Government really
less interested in peace than the Soviet Gov-
ernment?
Please urge our Government to call for a
reconvening of the 1954 Geneva Conference,
which provided for the only just and reason-
able solution for southeast Asia-genuine
neutrality.
ELIZABETH J. DRAKE.
BROOKLYN, N.Y., August 4, 1964.
DEAR SIR: I absolutely agree with you. We
must end the unjust war in Vietnam.
Please continue to use your influence to get
American troops and "advisors" withdrawn
from southeast Asia. They could be better
used in Mississippi to enforce the Constitu-
tion.
Sincerely yours,
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
August 5, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please let your voice
be heard clear and strong during this crisis.
You have always been right on the situa-
tion in Vietnam, and it is important that
you exert your influence for peace at this
critical time.
I had hoped that President Johnson had
more patience and tolerance. The petty
attacks made upon our destroyers didn't
justify our furious attack upon North
Vietnam. It might not have been so bad
if Vietnam had been warned in advance that
if they persisted in their attacks, severe
retribution would follow, but to make a
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENR 1'E August 12
major attack upon such slight provocation
overflowed the measure. I fear that this
attack will bring about a reconciliation be-
tween China and Russia and that they may
present a united front. And I have no doubt
whatever that we will be regarded as bullies
all over the world and that we have
alienated millions of friends. If I should
Invade the home of a neighbor whose chil-
dren had played a few pranks and per-
petrated a little mischief upon me, and beat
up the children, that would be somewhat
the equivalent of the attack we made on
Vietnam.
I am grateful that you are in the Senate.
Yours truly,
FRANZ JEVNE.
TACOMA, WASH.,
August 4, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I write this appeal
to you tonight. What has become of the
American way when war is the national
question-the great courageous debaters?
Who says the American people consent to this
frightful, cruel war in Vietnam which the
President today unconstitutionally declared
and acknowledged? I for one have had
enough of killing, haven't you? And won't
you please make it clear to the President.
Sincerely,
STURGls, S. DAP:.,
August 3, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I think you are
performing a real service to the American
people by your efforts to reduce the tremen-
dous waste in foreign aid, and by pointing
out our serious mistake in becoming involved
in the Vietnam civil war. It seems to me
that our State Department should have fore-
seen the impossibility of maintaining an
anti-Communist government in South Viet-
nam, and in keeping Vietnam permanently
divided into two hostile groups. There was
certainly plenty of opportunity to promote
a better understanding between the two fac-
tions and to encourage normal trade rela-
tions between them.
The sooner we get over the idea of domi-
nating the world with military force and
adopt a live-and-let-live policy, maintain our
own institutions the way we like them, and
allow all other countries to do the same, the
better it will be for us and all other nations
of the world.
I hope you will keep up your efforts until
public opinion brings pressure on the ad-
ministration to adopt a more reasonable
policy.
Yours sincerely,
to the President tonight but I'm sure it will
be of no avail. Senator Gzoaoz AnxzN said:
He "has made up his mind to confront Red
China ' ? ? regardless of the costly results."
I hope you tell me what you think the
most important action an average person
can do in a situation of this kind. Whatever
it is I shall get busy and see that a good many
other people are made busy.
Sincerely,
LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
President of the United States,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PaESmENr: I am shocked and
aghast to learn today that you have ordered
more troops into Vietnam. Mr. President.
what do you mean? It would seem you are
deliberating leading us Into a world war M.
and I do not like it. And I am not alone in
this feeling; many, many more Americans do
not like It, and pretty soon they are going
to lie angry enough about this whole war
situation, and fearful enough about it to
see that you are defeated at the polls in
November. I am lifelong Democrat but I
cannot go along with you on this policy of
brinkmanship. It seems an act to out-Gold-
water Mr. GoLDwATER and that kind of policy
is a bankrupt policy and is unworthy of a
President of these United States. The CIA
and the whole military-industrial complex
has tried to inveigle every President to take
a stand of this kind, but fortunately they
have been too wise. But you. Mr. President,
a Democrat, is succumbing to their line. I
quote Max Freedman who analyzed the
Johnsonwar moves in these terms: "Perhaps
the whole effect Is simply designed to prove
that the Johnson administration can be as
tough as Senator (loLDwATSR. It had better
watch itself or It will merely prove that it is
more stupid than the Senator. Not even in
his worst moments was John Foster Dulles
ever guilty of such crude and reckless act of
brinkmanship as the one Into which the
Johnson administration has now stumbled."
I cannot vote for a man for President on
these terms. Mr. President. You talk peace
and good will but meanwhile U.S.. jets and
"Laotian Air Force" T-28'a (often piloted by
CIA-hired Americans) continue to attack in
Laos. The Laotians charged that "many in-
nocent monks" were killed and wounded in
an attack on temples In Xieng Khouang June
19 and that four peasants. Including chil-
dren, were killed in a raid on the villages.
Senator WAYNE MORSE called these attacks
"acts of war" for which the United States
would be found guilty "by any International
juridical tribunal." We shall be hated
throughout the world for these "acts of war"
and right we should be. Our hands are as
bloody as the worst Nazi.
For God's sake, Mr. President, for the safety
of the American people (another war and we
the by the millions, too) as well as of the
other people of the world, take this issue to
the United Nations for settlement or agree
to call another Geneva Conference where all
Interested parties can sit together and talk.
Yours truly,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Enclosed you will find a
copy of a letter I wrote to the President re-
cently. I agree with you when you told the
Secretary of Defense and General Taylor that
"I am now convinced that the greatest threat
to the peace of the world is the United
States, I am convinced if the United States
continues to follow the course of action im-
plied (in your) briefing, we are headed for
a major war in Asia, and we will be hated
for the next 500 years by the overwhelming
majority of mankind." You are so right.
What is wrong with President Johnson?
Does he think this is the way to win an
election, would he use these means to secure
an election? It frightens me terribly, but
what can one do. I shall send a telegram
DALLAS, TEE.,
August 3,1964.
Senator WAYNE MOESE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
comment as underlined in the above news
excerpt. I enclose the editorial because it
is so indicative of the narrow parochial form
of nationalism which is so typical of the
Dallas Morning News. The publisher, E. M.
(Ted) Dealey is the man who, early in the
administration of the late President Ken-
nedy, stated at a luncheon where he and
many other editors were the late President's
guests, that what we need in the White
House is a man who can ride horseback and
not one who rides Caroline's tricycle. This
juvenile comment went uncensured by Dallas
and was highly praised as a heroic comment
by the Dallas Morning News, of course. This
man also makes an annual world tour and
writes of his experiences and observations
in various countries in such a manner that
he evokes protests from citizens of those
foreign nations. His comments are often
offensive.
Does the United States have any right
other than a power right in Asia? Does the
Central Intelligence Agency, our State De-
partment, and our Defense Department un-
derstand the oriental mind, the African mind,
or even the European mind,well enough to
tell those countries how to manage their
internal affairs? We certainly should let the
United Nations handle South Vietnam. Sec-
retary General Thant understands the situa-
tion better than we who fight for first one
faction and then another.
Also, are we not attempting to pressure
Latin American countries into helping us
to starve the people of Cuba in the hope
that they will become so desperate that
they will kill their leader? Do we have any
concern for the betterment of conditions for
the masses In Cuba (many reports indicate
that conditions would be better than for-
merly under Batista If United States did
not place so many obstacles in the way of
Castro, Such as economic and diplomatic
pressures)? Or, are we concerned only with
getting back the vest property holdings and
opportunities of our big industry which were
appropriated by the Cuban Government?
Many of us see In the perpetuation of a
war-geared economy for this Nation, a mere
stalling of time until the day when we shall
be forced by emphatic world opinion to con-
vert our economy to one where our wealth,
resources. manpower, and technology can be
used toward the attainment of the maximum
amount of welfare for all the peoples of the
world.
Thank you for all your efforts toward
lessening our armed interference in the af-
fairs of other nations. Much progress has
been made in the direction of world peace.
We must not let the United States continue
to place obstacles in the way of peace, now-
not the sort of peace that is always dangled
In front of us as a reward for fighting an-
other war and causing more world destruc-
tion. The peace promised after war is il-
lusive-peace is not obtained through war.
No reply is expected.
Respectfully,
EuLA M. McNAPS.
From the Dallas Morning News, July 11,
1964]
DRAWING THE LX M.
Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara
went before the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee to answer charges of "brinkman-
ship" resulting from statements by top mili-
tary leaders that the United States is ready
to risk war to stop the Communists' take-over
in South Vietnam. The Secretary pointed
out the obvious fact that this country's effort
to save South Vietnam does indeed carry "the
risk of escalating to military actions outside
the border of South Vietnam."
Any Stand anywhere against the advance
of an aggressor carries the risk of war. The
President himself declared the other day that
this country is prepared to take that risk to
preserve freedom. And the most dangerous
and direct threat to freedom today is in
South Vietnam, an ally locked in combat
with Communist military forces.
Senator WAYNE MORSE told the Senate that
this country should stop "acting like an ag-
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CGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENAT
gressor" and let the U.N. handle South Viet-
nam. "Red China is showing intentions of
not being bluffed by the United States," he
added.
The statement that the United States Is
"acting like an aggressor" by going to the
aid of an ally under attack does not even
deserve comment, But the answer to the
observation that Red China may not be
"bluffed" is that 13.S, determination to main-
tain the independence of South Vietnam is
not a bluff, nor should it be.
In warning the Red Chinese that this
country is_ prepared to fight, if need be,
American leaders, can help to avoid any Red
miscalculation over U.S. intentions to stand
firm.
In 1950, ambiguous statements by the ad-
ministration did not dispel the Communists'
belief that the United States would not fight
to save South Korea. They attacked and
quickly found that they had misjudged this
Nation's determination to stand by its
friends. But by that time it was too late.
If making a clear stand carries with it the
risk of war, appeasement and retreat carry
an even bigger risk. For each concession
only emboldens the aggressor and encourages
him to try for more next time. Even if we
were to step back again in Asia, eventually,
somewhere we would have to draw the line
beyond which the Reds could not cross with-
out a fight.
Whether that line were drawn, at Japan,
Hawaii, or the Pacific coast, we would un-
doubtedly be at a bigger disadvantage than
we are now.
The free world has twice before, in 1954
and 1962, given the Communists concessions
in southeast Asia, in an attempt to buy them
off. The only result has been to strengthen
their forces and encourage their aggressive
ambitions.
The soft-liners denounce the policy of
firmness because they say it carries the risk
of war. But the only policy which does not
carry the risk of wards one of total and com-
plete surrender. The free world detests and
fears war but it is not ready to accept the
notion that it is better to be Red than dead.
If it ever reaches such a state of moral col-
lapse, the result will be a new and more
terrible dark age for all mankind. And that
is not a risk, but a certainty.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
SALEM, N.J.,
August 4, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I should like to com-
mend you for your stand on Vietnam. I wish
more attention were being paid to your views
and hope that, in future, more will be.
Respectfully,
FRANCES B, BOWEN.
'AUGUST 5, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I Urge you to keep
up the good fight in the Senate and out, pro-
testing this developing war in the Far East.
Quick on the heels of the large appropria-
tions for the military, the provocations in-
crease in Vietnam and now it looks like there
are those who want to expand and extend
the war to a hot war involving who knows
how many nations.
I am writing the President protesting,
and other Senators will also receive the same.
I cannot think of a more disastrous course
for our Government to take.
Your speech the other day stating that if
a war is declared that you would have to
.support it is very disturbing, to say the
least. Now can a bad thing be ever sup-
ported just because you are outnumbered
in the vote? This involves the people of
the whole world, not just the Senate of the
United States.
Sincerely,
WASHINGTON, D.C.,
August 5, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. MORSE: Having been abroad for
some weeks, I have been unable to follow
closely developments in Vietnam. However,
I am appalled at the action announced by
President Johnson last night.
I am writing to you, first to thank you for
the stand you have taken on Vietnam, and
to express my hope that you will continue
to speak out, precisely at a time when ra-
tional discussion will be threatened by the
emotions that are always released when
shooting starts.
Very sincerely yours,
PAUL PEACHEY.
P.S.-My personal comments.-P.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Rather than the presence of
U.S. military forces in the South China Sea
area and South Vietnam being a protection
and a boon to the native population they are
actually a risk to world peace, and it cer-
tainly seems an immediate conference should
be initiated for settling. the dispute with
capable representatives of all nations in-
volved participating.
This can be done within the framework
of the United Nations, can it not?
Thank you.
Sincerely,
BERKELEY, CALIF.,
July 31, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The whole country
ought to be thankful-although I'm afraid
18545
HIBBING, MINN.,
August 4, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. MORSE: As a subscriber to the
Progressive your article, "Humpty Dumpty
in Vietnam" in the Progessive August issue
has been read.
It is splendid and very helpful. My letter
to the Progressive has just been written
urging the staff to make a good supply of
copies of your article for distribution so that
more people can be informed and be lead
to write the Government in protest of what
has been and is being done, and what per-
haps it plans to do without consulting the
public.
Sincerely,
MISS MARGARETTA REYNOLDS.
CHICAGO, ILL.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: NOW that the situation in
North Vietnam is escalading I am morally
pressed to support your stand to solve our
road to disaster by seeking nonmilitary
means to our dilemma.
I anticipated this situation over a year ago
but I thought our Government would also
view the situation with the same sober
analysis.
I cannot see supporting military dictator-
ships around the world that are no better
than the enemy we seek to conquer whether
in the East or Southern Hemisphere-or
right in our own magnolia horrorland.
Our money and lives are being wasted on
despots that should have been vanquished
by helping the populace that Is now turn-
ing on us because of our play for power and
not for humanity.
I'll terminate this communication now
with my respects.
the country doesn't hear as much about it as
it should-for your penetrating comments SEATTLE, WASH.,
on the mess in Vietnam, when we get for the July 29, 1964.
most part a lot of blather, obfuscation and The Honorable Senator WAYNE MORSE,
lies from Washington when anyone chooses Senate Office Building,
to comment on our nasty little war there. Washington, D.C.
Have you any idea when we might be able DEAR SENATOR: Through the CONGRES-
to get out of this sale guerre? I think that SIONAL RECORD I have been following your
General de Gaulle has some fruitful sugges- speeches in the U.S. Senate re: "The War in
tions on this subject. After all, the French South Vietnam." I heartily subscribe to the
have been through it all before. Perhaps stand you have taken in this unfortunate
the Vietnamese might be given a chance to conflict but why do you restrict yourself to
organize their own affairs-but not, I sup- making speeches about it instead of intro-
pose, until after the Senator from Arizona ducing a bill, or resolution, that the Congress
is retired to private life in November. of the United States Is opposed to this un-
relative isolation of your position. Within a
year, most responsible people will be on your
side, as many already are. It"s always a
pleasure to read your comments on affairs
domestic or foreign, whenever the papers
choose to print them. Keep up the good
work.
AUGUST 4, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: In the face of this
new crisis precipitated by our country's
illegal and immoral policy in southeast
Asia, I realize anew the importance of your
courageous fight. Please realize that you
have my wholehearted support. I am sure
there are many citizens, like me, who deplore
the vile and outrageous stand of the past
two administrations-meaning three-Eisen-
hower, Kennedy and Johnson-in violation
of all international law. But there are not
enough of us and we are too widely
dispersed to make our stand weigh much
against the madness that is sweeping our
country. You seem to be our only voice.
Keep up the fight.
Sincerely,
declared war and ordering the Government
to withdraw at once from South Vietnam
and turn it over to the United Nations As-
sembly.
As you so correctly stated, the U.S. Con-
gress never authorized this "war" although
they must have known that under the de-
fense appropriations certain sums had been
earmarked for the action in South Vietnam.
If the Congress doesn't know how much
money is appropriated and for what pur-
pose then they might as well go home and
save' the taxpayers all the millions they pay
them for salaries, etc., etc.
In this connection I like to register my ob-
jection to the carte blanche issued to the
CIA, when it comes to spending the people's
money without having to give an account-
ing on it.
H.R. 11865, the Social Security Amendment
of 1964, soon will be discussed on the floor
of the Senate. The House version of this
amendment is to allow a 5-percent increase
in the payments of social security. Insofar
as the consumer price-index for May 1964
shows an increase In the cost of living on all
items of 109.1 over 1959 it shows scanty
regard of the House Members for the needs
of the people living on social security. I
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 12
question the validity of those same Repre-
sentatives to increase their own salaries by
33 percent while already drawing a very good
salary and figuring that a social security
recipient should be able to get by on a
measly 5 percent increase, almost 5 percent
below the consumer Index prices at present.
When this matter comes up on the floor of
the Senate, I request that the senior Sena-
tor from Oregon, will be one, among many,
who will espouse the needs, not only of the
social security recipients, but also that of
the people living on State old-age benefits.
They too should be included in an increase
of their old age pensions.
If the U.S. Senate should increase the
benefits to the social security recipients and
those on old-age benefits to 10 percent we
still will have no extra money left to pay for
doctors or other medical care, reminding you
that we look forward to the U.S. Senate to
provide medicare for all the people living on
social security and old-age benefits.
Sincerely yours,
EVERT VAN EE.
NEWBURGH, N.Y.,
August 5, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
HONORABLE Bra: How true it is that you are
honorable. No propaganda or pressure
groups can away you from the right course.
This letter is to inform you that you have
one person in the public at large. who agrees
with you wholeheartedly on your stand on
Vietnam, etc. As always, you are on the
right side of issues, see to the heart of the
matter, are fearless and outspoken, and per
usual, extremely intelligent. Your fellow
Senators would do well to study carefully the
book "A Nation of Sheep."
The immaturities, stupidities, and blind-
nesses of so many in public office are appall-
ing and frightening in this day and age, to
any thinking persons.
I dislike the arrogance of those who think
this country can settle the present situation
in the Far East-if the French could not, after
years of useless bloodshed, certainly no other
foreign nation can. Interference but exacer-
bates the trouble, and lends credence to the
term "Western imperialists."
Have not troubled you with letters to read
for a long time now, but thought a bit of
approval might not be amiss at this time.
May the "tiger" growl, prowl, and claw for
many years yet.
With deep respect and admiration.
Mrs. JOCELYN BOLGER.
P.s.-The question was rhetorical-you
have no time to write letters. I shall en-
deavor to find this out for myself. Also, I
never expect replies to my letters to you.
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.,
July 30, 1964.
as you know reaches but few-in this case
not enough by far. But how to do it. Thank
you, Senator MORSE. Stay with It please.
The people of this broad land must be given
a chance to hear you.
Ocoaca FRANKLrN.
DENVER. COLO.,
July 27,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to congratu-
late you on your courageous stand against
the war in South Vietnam. I commend you
also for pointing out that our allies in Europe
are not in favor of extending this war into
North Vietnam.
My best wishes to you in gaining further
support of your position.
Yours sincerely,
Mrs. ANNE K. ROBNETT.
BALTIMORE, MD.,
August 5, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington. D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations
from us, and from friends we have spoken
to, on your firm and reasoned stand for peace
and negotiations on tonight's Interview, In
re Vietnam. and the proposed congressional
resolution.
We sincerely hope our Senators and Con-
gressmen wills also refuse to be stampeded
and vote "No" to committing Congress to
a blank check to anyone else to declare war.
Thanks on behalf of all who stand for
peaceful negotiation-because "brush wars"
can lead to world war III and nuclear anni-
hilation.
Respectfully yours,
Mrs. HELEN SCHMERLF.R.
SAM SCHMERLER.
Senator Moasi,
U.S. Senate.
Washington, D-C.
MY Dv.AR SENATOR: As many other French
people I have read your extremely coura-
geous words condemning the pursuit of war
in Vietnam. I have also learned with great
admiration that you recently added: "I be-
lieve it a scandal that military men be let
loose in the field of foreign policy." (Trans-
lated from the French press.)
Indeed. It is words of this very kind we
expect from your great country, and it is
such words that make it dear to us. How sad
it is to think that quite often the Pentagon
obey neither the directions of the President
nor those of Congress. Energetic attitudes
such as yours should be able to cope with
this danger.
Allow me to send you an issue of my
publication L'Annte Politique et Economi-
qua In which I expressed briefly how deeply
I had admired the statement you made in
February. I shall keep on praising your
brave stand.
Believe me yours most sincerely,
BERNARD LAVEEGNE,
Honorary Professor of the Faculty of
Law of the University of Paris.
It seems to me that the attack on our
ships by torpedo boats may have come from
General Khanh-from South Vietnam-in
order to provoke action by our country
against North Vietnam. It appears Incon-
ceivable that Hanoi would attack U.S. war-
ships without provocation knowing the pos-
sibility of retaliation. The correct proce-
dure would have been to investigate first
and have the matter thrashed out in the
United Nations.
I trust that you will go slowly with any
further moves which will expand the war Into
perhaps a conflict with China and conceiv-
ably the Soviet Union. Acting impulsively
in matters which may affect the future of
the entire world seems to be more of the
type of action advocated by Senator BARRY
GoLOwATER, who is known for his disposition
to "shoot from the hip."
Respectfully yours,
ALEXANDER SMITH.
OAKLAND, CALIF,
July 28, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR Moasx: Thank you so very
much for your report of July 21 and copy of
your views on Foreign Assistance Act of 1964.
Even the ordinary layman can understand
the reasonableness and justice of your posi-
tion. When I have read this again, I am
turning it over to a friend who admires the
position you have taken on this issue and
almost every other one that comes beforethe
senate,
Thanks again and all good wishes.
Los ANGELES. CALIF.
July 29, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE; Your article,
"Humpty Dumpty in Vietnam," should be
inserted Into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and
copies made available to the public.
However. Phillippe DeVillers stated defi-
nitely that the fighting was not started from
outside of South Vietnam but from the
grasroots where the people were literally
driven to defend themselves against Diem's
repressions.
Your efforts to end the war in Vietnam are
deeply appreciated.
Sincerely.
THOMAS AMMERs.
MACOMB, ILL.,
July 30, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building, -
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have just finished
reading your article on Vietnam in the latest
issue of the Progressive. I simply want to
tell you that your article Is one of the best
essays on the subject that I have read; I
agree with you almost completely. For many
months now I have followed your statements
and public announcements on this subject,
and I have appreciated what you have been
trying to do. It appears that you have little
support in either the Senate or the House.
Agreement from a resident of the State of
Illinois does little to help you; unfortunately,
I am unable to vote for you. I do feel that
both Senators and Congressmen should rep-
resent their Nation as well as their personal
constituents, and in this area I believe that
you do a better job for Illinois than the Sen-
ators we have in Washington, In short, there
are people in the country who appreciate
your statements on this complex and sad,
as well as extremely dangerous, situation In
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Office of Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Merely a word to thank you
for the July Progressive article on Vietnam.
May I say how worthwhile and important it
seems to me to be. If anything is of national
moment just now then surely what you have
written is. We have I thinkto get you to a
"mike"-so that the Nation itself can be had
by the ear. Otherwise how can it do-not
having the Information you have to impart-
what you ask of It; viz, speak Its mind to the
authorities and tell these it knows what is
going on and wants explanation-this to say
the least.
I don't doubt but what you have tried to
get your views broadcast and judging by re-
aults-if what I suppose is true-not much
has come of the attempts. I have heard that
where you are concerned the lid's clamped
down and you haven't a chance. What Sena-
tor can be done about it? The Progressive
NEw YORK, N.Y.,
August 5, 1964.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR PRESIDENT JoHNSON: I am dismayed
by your action in ordering planes to attack
North Vietnam. It appears to me that this
Is an Issue which should be settled by the
United Nations rather than ordering our
military forces Into action. This is what
the United Nations was created for.
Vietnam.
Sincerely,
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SALT LAKE ..C TY, UTAH,
July 28, 1964.
U.S. President JoHNsoN, Senators MORSE,
GRUENING and ELLENDER.
HONORED GENTLEMEN AND SIRS: Before me
is the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, dated March
4, 1964, text of Senator MORSE'S Senate speech
opposing U.S. intervention in Vietnam; and
I am appealing hereon to you, Honorable
President, on the position of our able and
foresighted Senator, Mr. MORSE.
I raise my points as follows: (a) masking
of foreign aid, as such, and using it mili-
tary intervention to the destruction of a
peace-desiring population, and costing U.S.
taxpayers, already overburdened by taxes,
millions of dollars per day; and
(b) Comparing Vietnam and its proximity
to Mississippi and the anarchy there, I urge
you to bring the 15,000 troops from Vietnam
and send them to Mississippi. When Su-
preme Justice, Senator JAVrrs and other men
of integrity, decry the overdue use of safety
measures in Mississippi; when ample evi-
dence of killing and burning of churches,
bombings and denials of personal rights and
safety of peoples who defy the K.K.K. and
other like groups, I wonder if our democracy
is real or only a camouflage for vested in-
terests.
Further, articles and sections of the U.N.
Charter to which our United States is a
signatory, strictly forbid our or any signer,
from military intervention, but specifies:
"Section 4; All members shall refrain from
threat or use of force.
"Article 2, section 3: all members shall set-
tle disputes by peaceful means, so * * *.
"Article 33, section 1: the parties to any
dispute shall seek solutions in `every way but
war.' "
Yet McNamara goes forward planning
ever use of troops, weapons, money-in
greater amount, greater scope and with
greater destruction to natives of Indochina,
just as J. F. Dulles did in Korea; to the detri-
ment of the U.N. and U.S. taxpayers and to
great profit of big U.S. business.
Appreciating the crying need of our aged
and venerated parents for adequate food,
clothing, shelter and medical aid; for mil-
lions of idle adults and hungry children; for
the drastic need of more schools and teach-
ers, hospitals, better wage levels for em-
ployees in schools, hospitals, and other pub-
lic employees, would it not be far better to
use 90 percent of cold war costs for social
betterment of our national well-being than
to follow the Eisenhower-Dulles, Rusk-Mc-
Namara trail downward to greater and cost-
lier wars?
The Scandanavian States have not been in
war during this century. Though far poorer
than this wealthy state, far better educa-
tion is provided for their every babe at birth
than it.is in the United States. Why?
Honorable President? I implore you to pull
back our Nation from another Korea or any
war, before it is too late. Repudiate the
poor advice of those who cry "I am a Chris-
tian" yet lust for bloodshed, dominance and
worldwide power. Lend your ear, your de-
cency and good office to the only goal of
humanity-that of peace, plenty and good
will, so future men will speak of our land,
our peoples as being the savior of future man
from the scourge of war, hunger and unem-
ployment.
Nuclear war respects no one. I ask you
"remove every man from responsibility who
favors war and using nuclear bombs; bring
all troops home, except those doing U.N.
duty as real preservers of the peace-not as
protectors to foreign investments, Let us
be our neighbors keeper, not his jailor.
Very respectfully yours,
JOE BIRD.
Please send 10 or more copies of the CoN-
GRESSIONAL RECORD, your speech of March 4,
No. 157-.---1O
1964, on the Vietnam situation, and please
put on your regular mailing list:
Llaur Bird, 916 South 2d Avenue, Olym-
pia, Wash.
Cal Carlson, 160 Burton Avenue, Salt Lake,
Utah.
George Roberts, 544 Denver Street, Salt
Lake, Utah.
Roger Wilson, 1545 West Russett Avenue,
Salt Lake, Utah.
C. Wayman, 1670 West Russett Avenue,
Salt Lake, Utah.
Twan Hansen, 722 No. 2d West, Salt Lake,
Utah.
Parley D. Bird, Jr., 417 Blair Street, Salt
Lake, Utah.
Down with GOLDWATER, Utahs' Birchite-
Mormons, ad nauseam.
NEW YORK, N.Y.,
August 5, 1964.
DEAR MR. MORSE: Thank you for your stand
for withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam,
that terrible war where we should never
have even been.
MISS PEARL A. LAFORCE.
NEW ERA Civic ASSOCIATION,
Ecorse, Mich., July 14, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Living as we do In
the century of nuclear arms, it becomes our
responsibility to call a halt to all wars that
may lead to the destruction of all humanity.
It is for this reason that this letter is being
written. Your campaign in the Senate of the
United States to recall U.S. troops from Viet-
nam serves this purpose and is therefore in
the best national interests of our Nation.
It is also desirable that a peaceful settle-
ment be negotiated to settle all outstanding
issues In southeast Asia and that this came
about as a result of a gathering of all Na-
tions interested in peace, together with the
United Nations.
I sincerely hope that you will do all in your
power to effect such conference.
Respectfully yours,
ETHEL V. STEVENSON,
President.
NEW YORK, N.Y.,
July 30, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
My DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to com-
mend you for your courageous and honorable
stand in the Halls of Congress with regard
to our country's policy in Vietnam. Your
voice rings out significantly as it finds its
echo in the hearts of all peace-loving Ameri-
cans.
Since both President Johnson and Sena-
tor GOLDWATER have indicated that foreign
policy will be the major issue of the 1964
political campaign, I cannot to myself over-
estimate the valuable contribution you are
making to the political dialog over the
question of disposition of South Vietnam. I
read daily with dismay the tragic happenings
there. I believe that South Vietnam should
be neutralized and not made the basis for a
hot war. Please continue to fight and cham-
pion the cause of peace; the peoples of South-
east Asia have suffered much from other
countries trying to liberate them and keep
them part of the free world.
I am not one of your constituents, al-
though I lived in Oregon for several months
while attending the University of Oregon.
My stay in Oregon was a most happy one,
and I always consider Oregon as one of our
very finest States.
Best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
MISS C. PIILANI LUM.
18547
Washington, D.C., August 5, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I support your stand
on South Vietnam. I wish you success. I
feel the war should be ended.
Thank you.
SOPHIE W. GASS
Mrs. Nathan Gass.
SEATTLE, WASH.,
August 4, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: You deserve the
heartfelt thanks of every right thinking
American for your wise and courageous yet,
so far, ineffective opposition to our hopeless
but extremely costly campaign in South
Vietnam.
Johnson, Rusk, McNamara, Taylor, at al.,
assure us that "victory" in South Vietnam
is just around the corner. What utter folly.
This South Vietnam affair is what the police
might call an outside job. It is inspired,
supplied, and directed from outside. Even
if it were possible to kill every Communist
guerrilla in South Vietnam, North Vietnam
has 16 million people to replace them.
Besides, South Vietnam is not a unified
nation. There are several million Roman
Catholics, a relic of French occupation, but
the bulk of the people are Buddhists, with
far closer cultural ties with North Vietnam
than with the United States, or with their
Catholic brethren in South Vietnam.
After all the hundreds of millions of dol-
lars we have spent in South Vietnam, if we
were to remove our forces the present regime
would not last 3 months. (In fact the very
regime we interfered. to uphold collapsed
right In our faces.) Are we prepared to gar-
rison South Vietnam the next hundred years
to insure a non-Communist regime there?
Red China has 700 million people and
South Vietnam around 14 million. Even if
the Communists took over in South Vietnam
it would only increase the Communist popu-
lation of east Asia by 2 percent. How many
billions of dollars and how many hundreds
if not thousands of American lives are we
prepared to sacrifice to reduce the Commu-
nist population of east Asia by 2 percent?
North Vietnam _has been Communist for
10 years with no traceable injury to the
United States. Why deceive ourselves Into
thinking that a reunion of Vietnam would
be disastrous to the United States; when
that reunion would save us billions of dol-
lars and hundreds if not thousands of Amer-
ican lives, without the slightest injury to
the 190 million Americans in North America?
Sincerely yours,
B. L. MCCULLOUGH.
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE DE-
PARTMENT, MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAULT
BRANCH,
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., August 3, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: My most hearty
sympathy and support to you upon your
frank statements on the floor of the Senate,
and press interviews on the southeast Asia
and Vietnam situation. Keep up the good
work.
MILTON E. SCHERER.
P.S.-I'm a Demo, too.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: We want to thank you for
the stand that you are taking in regard to
the war in Vietnam and for the stand you
are taking in reference to foreign aid. The
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE August 12
American people are sick and tired of our
foreign policy with a no-win attitude and
our coexistence with Russia who calls all the
shots and we follow Instead of lead. I just
read where Supreme Court Justice Douglas
states that foreign aid is simply widening
the gap between the poor and the rulers of
the various countries getting our money.
Why don't we attend to our own business
Instead of telling the world how they should
run their business. We are at war in Viet-
nam and no war has been declared. How
long can our country survive with such an
insane policy?
Keep on fighting and thanks again for
what you are trying to do.
Yours very truly,
Mr. and Mrs. HARRY SCHwARTZ.
TOPEKA, KANS.,
August 3. 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator from Oregon,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
MY DEAR SENATOR: I have just finished
reading your forthright article In the Pro-
gressive. Thank goodness someone has the
courage to raise his voice against our absurd
policy In southeast Asia. Keep up the good
fight and I certainly hope you will be able to
influence our future course of action In this
troubled area of the world.
It is good to know there are a few brave
men and true, in the Senate of the United
States, who have the courage of their con-
victions.
Carry on.
Sincerely,
BROOKLYN, N.Y.,
August 4,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
Hon. SENATOR MoasE: May we the thou-
sands of avowed Democrats at Ebbets Field
Housing commend you on your profound
article in August Progressive. May we im-
plore you to personally show it to the Presi-
dent, Secretary of State and Defense, and
also read it loud and clear in the Senate.
Respectfully yours,
Jm,Y 31, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I thought you might
be interested in the enclosed piece of fan
literature. I too approve of your position
on South Vietnam, though I am not sure I
agree with it completely. I think it is a re-
markable tribute to your own acumen that
you have succeeded in stating your mind on
a wide variety of controversial issues while
remaining in sure political power, a trick
which is usually reserved for Justices of the
Supreme Court. And as an apostil I wish
to make it clear that I am not now and never
have been a member of the Communist Party,
although I am sure that if anyone from
Tocsin reads this letter I will be an "identi-
fied Communist" soon enough.
Respectfully,
ROBERT CHRISTGAU.
SAN DIEGO, CALIT.,
August 3, 1964.
they know of social theories of government?
They can see their people being killed. Are
we going to have another Korea and after
2,000 or 3,000 are killed end up with a per-
manently divided country?
My wife and I met you at a garden party
in Long Beach about 6 years ago.
Sincerely,
AuoutT 2, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: You are so right in
regard to our Involvement in other countries.
We do not make peace by promoting wars.
We applauded your speech-your effective
phrase: "What kind of hyprocrites are we,"
Is still ringing In our ears. We also approved
your very fine article in the August Progres-
sive. Would that we had more statesmen In
Washington like Senator MORSE and Senator
FULBRIGHT.
Mr. and Mrs. GORDON SANDERS.
CLEAR WATER. FLA.
Mon VALLEY, CALI7.,
July 24, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
My DEAR Ma. SENATOR: I have written to a
member of my State's delegation the follow-
ing letter:
"I have read, almost in entirety, Senator
WAYNE MOasx's speeches to the Senate re-
garding the above. No Senator was able to
answer him. Only Senator COOPER even made
a serious effort. It is easy to see why: Sen-
ator MORSE had the facts, and the facts were
proof positive that we were waging aggres-
sive war against the Vietnamese people.
"What was not brought out sufficiently
were the reasons that Diem and his suc-
cessors are unable to marshal even a cor-
poral's guard of Vietnamese to defend the
regime.
"For decades, even centuries, the people
of Asia, Africa, and Latin America have been
victims of a worldwide economy which has
condemned a vast majority of the world's
inhabitants to being hewers of wood and
carters of water to a few powerful industrial
nations. Most of the former were colonies
of European powers. Others. such as China,
were happy hunting grounds for several
predatory states, each with more or less
recognized spheres of influence.
"Similarly, the Latin American countries
were complete economic vassals to the United
States and certain European states.
"Today there are relatively few absolute
colonies left In the world. Native revolt
and political opposition in the mother
countries forced the United States. Britain,
France, and Belgium to turn loose their
vassals in the Philippines. India, Africa, etc.
However, this independence Is by no means
complete. Not only are a large part of the
undeveloped countries saturated with foreign
private capital, but French Armies remain
in Africa, British troopsoccupy Malaysia.
"We occupy Taiwan and our fleet regulates
the Formosa Straits, the South China :?ea
and now the Indian Ocean.
"Nearer to home, r was told by a high
government omcial in Mexico that no move
made by his nation Is without conalder&-
tion of the reaction of the colossus of the
north In mind.
"Indochina was the richest plum in the
French cake. The ratio of trade between
Imperialist France and its southeast Asian
possessions was four to one In favor of the
former. Fifty percent of the exports of
these colonies went to France, which In
turn accounted for 75 percent of their im-
ports. Principal exports were rubber, rice
and spices. Major Imports were textiles, ma-
chinery and wines and liquors, in that or-
der. In other words, raw materials out,
manufactured goods in.
"An Interesting sidelight: The second
most Important export, rice, equaled In
value the second most important import, ma-
chinery, but the tonnage was 12 times
greater.
"In his book concerning the decline of
colonialism in the world `The Last Illusion,'
Herschel D. Meyer has this to say:
"'Vietnam came under the rule of the
French Bank of Indochina In 1889. It be-
gan its operations with two million francs.
which had swelled to 10 billion in 1948, be-
sides the billions it paid out in dividends.
Its annual report of June 11, 1948, said that
Its 1947 opium and alcohol sales netted a bil-
lion francs in profits. The Bank of Indo-
china laws in Vietnam require of each police
prefect that 6,200 liters of brandy be con-
sumed monthly In his area, or seven liters
per inhabitant per month. Penalties are
meted out to villages which consume less.'
"It was against this intolerable situation
that revolts took place in Vietnam and Cam-
bodia almost throughout the period of
French rule. From 1859 to 1861, Annam was
in revolt. From 1873 to 1883 there was con-
stant civil war in Tonkin. Cambodia re-
volted in 1885. The natives were crushed
by overwhelming French power.
"The events of the Second World War
pointed up the political astuteness of the
Vietnamese people. Vichy France gave the
Japanese the right of occupation on Tonkin
bases for use against the Chinese. How-
ever, these traitors figured without the Viet-
namese people, who gave the Japs no respite.
With arms supplied by the British, they
carried on constant guerrilla warfare, finally
forcing the enemy to withdraw.
"At the end of the war, the nationalist
government of Ho Chi Minh controlled all
Vietnam. The British and Chinese who were
given occupation rights under the Potsdam
Agreement landed only token forces.
France made an ambiguous statement recog-
nizing Vietnamese freedom within the
French union.
"It was while negotiations were proceed-
ing regarding the meaning of this independ-
ence that Gen. Jacques Laclerc landed troops
at Haiphong to begin the Indochinese war
of 1946-54.
"The whole world knows how decisively
the French were defeated. They never con-
trolled anything but the big cities and fi-
nally were clobbered when the stupid French
generals allowed their best forces to be
trapped at Dienbienphu, far from possible
help from the Hanoi-Haiphong base.
"At the Geneva Conference of 1954, the
French were allowed to save face by occu-
pying the southern half of the country un-
til elections could be held in 1956.
"The Vietnamese figured without Dulles.
not to mention McNamara. They did not
realize that whereas France had had it, we
were willing to continue the war down to
the last Vietnamese.
"From this point WAYNE MORSE takes on
very well Indeed.
"Let the dark-skinned people of the Asian
nations settle their own internal problems in
their own way.
"There is enough for decent Americans to
do in their own backyard.
"Forces must be mustered to defeat the
Yahoos of American politics, who want to
return lynch law to the South and starva-
tion to the rejects of American Industry who
Inhabit our slums.
"There is the problem of decent housing
for millions In our big cities. (Did you
chance to read Michael Harrington's 'The
Other America: Poverty In the U.S.A.'?
"One more thing before I close. I re-
cently had occasion to visit a migratory
labor camp in Tulare County. The condi-
tions of life of the people who harvest our
agricultural products is beyond description.
At any rate, you should see for yourself.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please keep exerting
all the pressure you can for military with-
drawal from Vietnam. General Khanh Is not
the people's choice. I am tired of the over-
simplified answer that we must stop Red
aggression and that is the reason we are
there. We are stopping the peaceful unifica-
tion of the Vietnamese. I believe 80 percent
of the people can't read or write so what do
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"I pray that you will shortly join Senator
MORSE in his noble fight to stop the slaughter
in Vietnam.
"With kindest regards,
"Yours truly,
'CONRAD EDISES."
References: Chinese Quarterly, January-
March 1962, "The Struggle for Unification of
Vietnam,". by Philippe Deviller6; Encyclo-
pedia Britannica, 1958 edition, "Indochina";
"The Last Illusion," by Hershel D. Meyer,
Anvil-Atlas Publishing, New York, 1954;
"The Other Side of the River," by Edgar
Snow Random _ House, New York, 1962; plus
all of Senator WAYNE MORSE's speeches to
the Senate on the subject, 1964.
ALBION, MICH.,
August 3, 1964.
HOn. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator from Oregon,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am deeply dis-
turber( over the latest report from Vietnam.
Since we cannot possibly win, we had better
pull out before it is too late.
If we do not pull out, we may wake up to
find that Red China has poured a million
men into Vietnam that could cause a war
that could set the world afire.
Please speak out again (as you have In the
past) against this stupid war in Vietnam.
Johnson must not allow BARRY GOLDWATER
to scare him into doing something desperate.
Cordially yours,
SENATOR MORSE: Just finished reading
"Humpty Dumpty in Vietnam"-it Is excel-
lent and deserves greater distribution. Do
keep up the good work.
E. R. WELLS.
LINDEN, MICH.
Are reprints available?
THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY,
August 3, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Foreign Relations Committee.
DEAR SIR: I urge you to intensify your
criticism of our unconscionable policy in
Vietnam. We are obviously unwelcome
there by the population, and a policy of mil-
itary resolution will only increase their suf-
fering and make us more despicable in the
eyes of Asians. Moreover, any attempt by
our military, or theirs, to take the decisions
in that struggle out of the hands of the drily
constituted authorites, will undoubtedly re-
sult in a great deal of damage to the United
States, even as far as its domestic politics
is concerned.
Yours truly,
,RANK TURAJ,
Department of English.
ST. Lours, Mo.,
August 2,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE, of Oregon.
DEAR SIR In the a.m, news and radio is
more of the horrors our sons and grandsons
are in, in Vietnam. I heard your remark
about war. I couldn't agree with you more.
I will never know who could sleep at all
knowing he has sent our children and grand-
sons to a place like that and then the nerve
to call 16,000 men, all sent for advisers.
How stupid does any one think we the voters
are. Those people over there will drag as
long as America gives them money and our
sons and grandsons are feeding their war
rhachine. Who has the authority to send
our children to their death when our coun-
try leaders would not allow a victory In
Korea and MacArthur could of won. Since
he was not allowed to win, we broke our own
back, all the world see us as no winning
nation now, We lost all world respect in
Korea. Our men should be sent home from
Saigon. We can use all of them at home.
We have our borders to guard and forests to
guard, our shorelines to guard, our highways
to guard. We can use them in many, many
ways to keep them In a good trained condi-
tion. They could help in Alaska, to develop
our State there and God only knows where
something will strike our Nation and our
men are needed over here. We are not deaf
and dumb and blind. Not all of us. I have
been all along the road from 1895 down to
now and I can see how things have drifted.
Where are the Americans like my granddad
who raised me and they had strong steady
principles. He went to the Civil War to
prove it from his homestead in Michigan.
Left his wife and nine children to run the
farm and he went. Came back a cripple.
But they won and that was what he went
for.
Our sons and grandsons just have to come
back to our own Nation, there is not even
any glory in our children being killed in a
mess like Vietnam or any common horse-
sense either, so why send them there to die
for nothing at all. What man can find in
his heart and mind authority to send our
boys to their death?
Mrs. ORAH MAE TACKETT,
A grandmother of servicemen.
BERKELEY, CALIF.,
July 27, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We want to express
our agreement with your position on Viet-
name, i.e., that the administration must end
our participation in the civil war in Viet-
nam and that a nonmilitary solution must
be found. We realize that today, this may
not be a very popular position, and we
congratulate you for speaking up and taking
this stand. We hope you will continue to
work for an end to our part in this war and
a solution to the crisis in an international
agreement that might include demilitariza-
tion and neutralization under international
guarantees, of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
Very truly yours,
Dr. and Mrs. STEPHEN L. TALLER.
JULY 31, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am certainly glad
that there is at least one person in Wash-
ington who is sane; namely, yourself. I refer
to your statements regarding the dangers of
U.S. Involvement in South Vietnam.
My personal feelings on the matter which
derive, from a purely humanitarian ap-
proach. are contained in the enclosed copy
of a letter I sent to President Johnson, with
a copy to the State Department. I never
heard from the President but received from
the State Department excerpts from a speech
made by the President declaring his inten-
tion to press for military victory.
Very few people seem to realize that we
are, living on the brink of total disaster or if
they do realize it they try to treat it as
something of no serious consequence. You
apparently are a realist and a very brave
man to be at odds with the majority of
your peers.
If there is anything I can do to help in
getting local support of your efforts to bring
about a speedy and peaceful solution to the
Vietnam debacle, please let me know.
Sincerely,
KIMBERTON, PA.,
August 3, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We want to convey
our appreciation for your stand In the Sen-
ate against our gradually spreading war In
Vietnam and against the warminded people
in high places who seem to be pressing for
a new U.S. colonialism in southeast Asia
even at the risk of war with China.
We strongly support your opposition to
these threats to liberal government and
emerging democratic procedures the world
.over. We urge you to continue that opposi-
tion and to make every effort to bring this
matter to the attention of the American peo-
ple through the mass media and personal
contact.
With best wishes for success in this criti-
cally important undertaking,
Sincerely,
RICHARD JOHN STANEWICK.
PHYLLIS STANEWICK.
JULY 31, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. MORSE: I Want to, express my deep
appreciation of your stand on the fighting
in Vietnam. One can always count on the
sincerity which you bring to your office, and
the wisdom with which you approach na-
tional problems and problems of interna-
tional scope.
Many thanks for speaking out against pol-
icies which are not only fraught with dan-
ger to ourselves but to the rest of the world
as well.
Best wishes to you and yours.
Mrs. LILLIAN C. MARKS.
Los ANGELES, CALIF,.
FALLS CHURCH, VA.
Hon. Senator WAYNE L. MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIRS: We agree wholeheartedly with
your views on South Vietnam. The Russians,
French, and Chinese are pointing a finger at
us so the rest of the world can see what
fools we are making of ourselves. You are
a sophisticated foreign politician. You and
FULBRIGHT are tops at international insight.
True pioneers stick by your principles re-
gardless of outcome. Bravo. You boys prac-
tice what others preach. Now I know why
the people of Oregon send you back to Wash-
ington, D.C. all the time, we'd be lost with-
out men like you. (Too few.)
JON DORIAN.
TACOMA, WASH.
August 4, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Thank you for your brief but powerful
condemnation of our activity in Vietnam
contrary to all law. It covered this area via
ABC radio network strong and clear Sunday
morning and again this morning. I hope you
and the other Senators continue.
REx S. RoUBEBUSH.
HAMILTON, OHIO,
August 2, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please accept my
congratulations for your very fine article in
the Progressive, "Humphy-Dumpty in Viet-
nam." I should also like to express my very
strong agreement with your other statements
on the same subject.
It seems to be generally agreed that any
regard for sanity, logic, or international law
is indecent, if not downright subversive, if
our policy in Vietnam is being discussed. In
spite of this, I hope that you keep trying.
I consider it a national disgrace that your
comments are getting so little support, and
such meager publicity-and that the facts of
the situation are being so resolutely ignored.
Sincerely,
WILLIAM TAYLOR.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENCiTE August 12
TAMPA, FLA.,
July 25, 1984.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: It Is my understand-
ing that on June 26 you inserted Into the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, for the third time,
more than 15 pages of letters which you re-
ceived opposing U.S. policy In southeast Asia.
I would very much like to receive a copy
of this particular issue of the CONGRESSIONAL
REcoaD and if you have this available I would
appreciate your sending me one.
For your information, on the Vietnam is-
sue you have my full support. I firmly be-
lieve that we have no business in Vietnam
and that the sooner we get out of there the
better for all concerned.
Cordially yours,
Mrs. JOHN RODRIGUEZ.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator,
interviewer that his organization did not
claim a monopoly in the formation of a new
South Vietnamese government; it would be
ready to ally itself with any group that ac-
cepted the basic principles "peace, Independ-
ence, democracy, and neutrality," even if
there were differences on other points. The
Liberation Front (which is not entirely Com-
munist Itself) presumably envisages a gov-
ernment that would Include non-Communist
elements. It might come to the top through
a new coup d'etat in Saigon; it is not bank-
ing on such a coup, but thinks it possible.
As for reunification, the resultant "au-
thorities" would negotiate with the north
step by step, taking account of the differ-
ence between the two "zones." As a first
Step, the two zones should reestablish eco-
nomic, postal, and cultural ties, and allow
families to visit each other across the border.
In the meantime, the Liberation Front
supports the Idea of a neutral zone in south-
east Asia, Including Laos, Cambodia, and
South Vietnam. This accords with the
fairly clear rejection by the North Vietnam-
ese of the Inclusion of their country in
President de Gaulle's proposed neutraliza-
tion. In the long term, a reunified Vietnam
would presumably call itself neutral-if
Hanoi Is sincere in talking about the Geneva
agreements-but It would be .a Communist
neutrality. Both the Liberation Front and
Hanoi understand neutrality in the strictly
military sense of the word.
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAS SENATOR MORSE: Attached is a copy
of an article entitled "What the Vietcong
Wants," which appeared in the Economist,
July 25, 1964, "International Report." I see
the paper carried the report that 5,000 more
boys will be sent to Vietnam to teach their
people how to fight. The rate, at which they
are dying, indicates something else. Who is
trying to save face?
Sincerely,
CHARLES L. HoaN.
More dead men yesterday. Who is pro-
moting the slaughter and for what?
VIETNAM: WHAT THE VIETCONG WANTS
Apart from a spectacular rebel victory at
Cal Be that killed a good many wives and
children of government troops, the 10th an-
niversary on Monday of the Geneva agree-
ments on Indochina was enlivened by a
vigorous Communist diplomatic offensive
against the Saigon government. The Gov-
ernment of North Vietnam has restated its
views on how to solve the struggle in the
south; more interestingly, the Paris newspa-
per, Le Monde, reprinted an interview given
to the Communist journalist WIldred Burch-
ett by Nguyen Huu Tho, president of the
South Vietnamese National Liberation Front,
the political organization of the Vietcong.
A clear perspective of Communist solutions
for Vietnam Is now available. A comparison
of the two views demonstrates some Inter-
esting nuances of difference between Hanoi-
the capital of North Vietnam-and the Viet-
cong, though these, like the Liberation
Front's insistence that it Is independent of
the north, may be more tactical than real.
Both sources base their solutio>;-s on imple-
mentation of the 1954 Geneva agreements,
and both assert (incorrectly) that the United
States and the Saigon government are the
only authorities breaking them.
The North Vietnamese solution is that
America must respect the "sovereignty, inde-
pendence, unity, and territorial integrity of
Vietnam" while the "South Vietnam admin-
istration" gets rid of foreign troops; then
"the South Vietnamese people themselves
would settle South Vietnam's internal affairs
In accordance with the plan of the Liberation
Front' including'. a foreign policy of "peace
and neutrality." Finally. the reunification
of Vietnam is "the affair of the Vietnam ese
people," to be settled "in the spirit of the
respective programs" of Hanoi and the
Liberation Front.
Clearly Hanoi envisages reunification as a
relatively long-term affair. The Liberation
Front has been even more specific, and In
one respect It goes less far than the North
Vietnamese. Mr. Nguyen Huu Tho told his
CANANDAIGUA, N.Y.,
July 28, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE Moass,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations for
courageously speaking forth against the mili-
tary buildup in Vietnam and the dangerous
consequences of such a policy by our Gov-
ernment. I agree that there can be no win-
ning of this kind of war, and that our pres-
ent policy may escalate Into something that
no one would want--even China and North
Vietnam-who might feel forced by rash
U.S. actions was necessary.
The more weapons we send to Vietnam,
the more modern weapons the guerrillas will
capture to help them continue their cruel-
ties. Most of the weapons sent, from us,
are therefore a mixed blessing only to the
Vietnamese who fight with us.
If you and others can put pressure on our
Government to stop wasting our money in
this fashion, and to make a big, sincere ef-
fort to influence other countries in cooperat-
ing toward neutralizing the area, we will
find our prestige in the eyes of the neutral
and underdeveloped countries, as well as
Russia. France (with her long, sad experi-
ence in southeast Asia before us) and other
countries will be increased. And I should
think that the South Vietnamese people
would fight harder with us If they knew
there was a goal-the possibility of peace-
before they are annihilated or decide to join
the Conununists.
Best wishes in making your voice heard.
GOLDWATER must not drown you out.
Yours very sincerely,
Mrs. WALTER GRUEN.
GREELEY. COLO..
July 28, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAD SIR: In a time when foreign policy
has become nondebatable, your opposition
to the stance of the United States In south-
east Asia Is not only heartening. but coura-
geous as well. I feel that you and those
Senators with you who have questioned our
war in Vietnam have acted in the very beat
interests of the United States. You do in-
deed represent me In your fight for a sane
policy In southeast Asia. I feel that a siz-
able number of U.S. citizens share our dis-
content with that policy.
I earnestly hope that you will continue'
your efforts to expose the war in Vietnam for
what it is: a cruel, inhuman interference in
the internal conflict of a nation. The
United States can only suffer from the con-
tinuation or extension of our Government's
present warlike attitude.
Very sincerely,
MARY HELEN WILLOUGHBY.
VENICE, CALIF.,
July 27,1964.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: The war in
South Vietnam has reached a crucial point.
U.S. policy to extend, the war to North Viet-
nam, Laos. and China will escalate the war
to nuclear proportions which means world
disaster. It is not too late to change that
course. Your voice has been the loudest on
the Senate floor in favor of political negotia-
tions instead of a shooting war? I implore
you to continue to speak up as your voice
carries weight to influence many of your
colleagues in the Senate. Wish there were
many more like you.
Respectfully yours,
Mrs. F. MELOMEDOW.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
IRVINGTON, N.J.,
July 28, 1964.
DRAB SENATOR MORSE: Good luck in your
campaign to Pull our troops out of Vietnam.
I hope you succeed In educating the Senate
as to the hopelessness of our cause in
Vietnam.
Sincerely,
JUDITH Be LEON
Mrs. Sanford D. De Leon.
STRATFORD, N.J.,
July 29, 1964.
SENATOR MORSE: I never had the occasion
to meet you. But I have read many of your
speeches you made on the floor of the Senate
and I. as well as you, don't believe Viet-
nam is worth 1 ounce of American boy's blood
to be shed for the international banker.
I believe Asia Is for the Asian people. We
should defend our homeland as England and
France defends theirs. It they love their
country let the youth of that country show
it by training themselves to defend their own
homeland they love so much. God bless you
and keep you well. Why don't you toes
your hat in the ring for President and run
on these principles? You have rights, Sen-
ator.
Sincerely yours,
Mr. THOMAS A. McGoWAN.
P.S. You at least get my vote. There is
one already to start you off. A winner never
quite and a quitter never wins.
FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH,
Miami, Fla., July 20, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The Social Issues
Committee of the First Unitarian Church of
Miami wishes to thank you for your attempts
to obtain factual and complete accounts of
the U.S. Involvement in the conflicts of
southeast Asia.
We feel that your questioning and critical
approach to the Asian problem Is a healthy
attitude which must be encouraged. It is
unfortunate that so few of your colleagues
have been willing to speak out, as you have
done, on this particular problem. In a true
democracy, no policy or tactic can be so
sacred as to be beyond question.
Sincerely yours,
Wrvr.rAM G. BELL,
Chairman of the Social Issues Committee.
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1964 CO
NEWARK, DEL.,
July 27, 1964.
Re Vietnam.
Hon. Senator WAYNE L. MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR, SSENATOR MORSE : I am deeply con-
cerned about our continuing involvement in
South Vietnam.
Having been in Korea 1951-52 and being
involved in that fruitless and pointless af-
fair I can see a similar futility in South
Vietnam.
We are not winning. We are not even
doing better and the shocking news in to-
day's Philadelphia Inquirer of 5,000 more
Americans going there is most shocking.
This brings our personnel involvement to
21,000-16,000 at present and 5,000 on way.
Please know that I support fully your posi-
tion in this regard. I have written to Presi-
dent Johnson and to Senator BOGGS of Dela-
ware on this matter.
Please continue your efforts in this regard.
Is there anything more constructive that
.can be done?
Enclosed is a booklet which appears sound
but I'm not too sure of its origin. Perhaps
you have knowledge of this group.
Thank you for .your effort in this matter.
DALE LEBER.
JULY 27, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wisil to thank you
for the stand you have taken against our
military position in South Vietnam. I have
used your arguments with friends and have
urged them to write to the President to sup-
port your recommendation Of withdrawing
our troops. Thank you again for a just and
brave fight.
Sincerely,
Mrs. LILLIAN MOED.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.
FORT DODGE, IOWA,
July 25, 1964.
Senator MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DrAa SIR: Enclosed find clipping from
Toronto Star which proves to my mind that
we are acting as a policeman for England and
Commonwealth.
Also find article from U.S. News & World
Report how England is building up Common-
wealth and in many cases uisng us as a
policeman and now are endeavoring to use us
in Cyprus..
Of course, Commonwealth is nothing but
the Empire under a different name, inasmuch
as the Governor General in any of these com-
monwealth countries can veto any act of their
Parliament.
Sincerely yours,
BEN H. BLACK.
P.S.-Congratulations on your fight to keep
us out of Vietnam.
HILBROOK, MASS.,
July 28, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I commend you highly upon
your stand against the U.S. involvement in
Vietnam.
Please keep up the fight.
Sincerely,
CEILE R. HOWES
Mrs. C. R. Howes.
SEBASCO ESTATES, MAINE,
July 22,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I recently heard you talk on the
"Today" show about South Vietnam, Later
I heard Senator CHURCH and a State Depart-
ment official. I couldn't agree with you
more. The other two men impressed me as
"dreamers" and having little understanding
of the situation out there.
May I say I went to China in 1916 for the
GRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Standard Oil Co., have traveled all over the
Far East, visited Saigon many times, and
think I have some understanding of the
Chinese and other Asiatics. To me, it's a
hopeless mess in South Vietnam. When talk
is made, it may take from 2 to 20 years to
win, it is not for us, and a hopeless situation.
Suppose we do win, and then pull out, an-
other upset in government could take place
soon after. And then where are we? It's
more vital to the French and English than
to us but, they don't seem concerned. Am
glad I don't have a son to be sent out there
to give his life for the Government of
Vietnam.
I am,
Yours very truly,
C. HOLDEN.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We in California sup-
port you in your fight for a reasonable set-
tlement of the South Vietnam situation. We
are pleased to read your speeches published
in a few journals such as S. F. Stone's.
Keep up the good work.
M. MALCOLM.
ELLENSBURG, WASH.,
July 24, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR MR. MORSE: Since your opinions about
Vietnam are on a line with my own, I'm
sending you a booklet on the situation there.
We should be ashamed if this booklet tells
the truth.
I wonder also, if you have heard the latest
British brainstorm, they wish the Russian
indebtedness to the U.N. forgiven. Can't
you just see this debt shoved onto us Ameri-
cans so the shaky U.N. can be held together
with us paying all its bills.
I am also very indignant about the way
we treat Alaska, after their bad earthquake,
no $400 million for them like Yugoslavia and
others, where, if anything happens we rush
in millions of dollars, but not for our own,
as is usual with our Government. I sympa-
thize greatly with Governor Egan.
One more question, "Why does no other
country help with the war in Vietnam?"
Mrs. OLGA JOHNSON.
NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J.,
July 23, 1964.
Mr. PRESIDENT: We strongly urge that the
present U.S. policy of maintaining the war
In southeast Asia be abandoned, and that a
cease-fire leading to a truce be declared. We
feel .that the U.S. Government is perpetuat-
ing the Indochinese war, a war in which the
French colonial powers were defeated by a
united action of the people of North and
South Vietnam. The great majority of Viet-
namese were opposed to French rule then,
and are opposed to U.S. military interven-
tion now. This opposition is based on an ex-
clusively military policy of the United States
which is totally divorced from the needs and
desires of the Vietnamese populace. The
United States has done nothing to win the
spirit of the Vietnamese, but instead has
sought only to prevail by military might and
support of unpopular dictatorships. The in-
evitable outcome has been popular resent-
ment and opposition. This has been recently
shown by the widespread support which the
populace is giving to the Vietcong guerrilla
forces, and by the overthrowing of four-
fifths of the "strategic hamlets." The op-
position is further heightened by the realiza-
tion of the Vietnamese that they are noth-
ing but a pawn in the U.S. struggle to over-
come communism.
Because the U.S. policy toward southeast
Asia runs counter to the patriotic spirit of
the citizens of southeast Asia so blatantly,
we appeal to the Government to cease its un-
popular war. We join with Senators FUL-
BRIGHT, MANSFIELD, MORSE, and others in
urging an immediate peaceful settlement.
Sincerely yours,
Mr. and Mrs. BARRY KOMISARUK.
WARRINGTON, PA.,
July 7, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We want to com-
mend you on your position on Vietnam, and
sincerely hope will continue to speak out on
this vital question until a reasonable solu-
tion is reached.
Sincerely yours,
Mr. and Mrs. J. REED SUPLEE.
MADISON, WIS.,
July 21, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I would like to tell
you that I wholehearted support your stand
on Vietnam, and admire your courage to
speak them publicly. -
I am very concerned about this situation,
but feel very impotent to do anything about
it. It is of some comfort to know there are
some in places of power who share my con-
cern.
Very truly yours.
MARGARET C. MCHAFFEY.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.,
July 21, 1964.
I back your policy on Vietnam. The world
needs peace.
NEW ORLEANS, LA.,
July 23, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
courageous fight against the saber rattlers.
The people want their children to be build-
ers, not wreckers of humanity.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Two hundred at fellowship of reconcilia-
tion conference, Seabeck, Wash., unanimous-
ly support your courageous Vietnam posi-
tion.
CURTIS CARMEAN.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
July 23, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Again we thank you
for standing for what is right, honest, and
therefore patriotic in foreign affairs.
. The "generals" in South Vietnam are now
said to be planning to destroy a village in
North Vietnam in reprisal for each village in
South Vietnam overrun by Vietcong; also to
destroy an industrial plant in North Vietnam
for each leader killed by South Vietnam
(Philadelphia Inquirer, July 10).
The generals keep talking about war with
North Vietnam which means war with China.
Is that what they really want?
Power to you is our hope and prayer and
belief. -
Most sincerely yours,
ARTHUR and HELEN BERTHOLF.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
intelligent outspokenness in the cause of
peace. In fact thank you for your courageous
stand on so many vital issues over the years.
of your shining service to our country. See-
ing the upsurge of recent political forces
makes us appreciate you all the more.
PHYLLIS LAVAY.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
July 20, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: You are the con-
science of America in the U.S. Senate. A true
representative of the people by every stand-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 12
ard; having the integrity to defy the craven
silence of conformity at the risk of your po-
litical career; in your service to the Nation
and the people by exposing on their behalf
the facts and the perilous nature of the U.S.
illegal and Immoral intervention by force on
the side of tyranny in a strife-torn nation;
by your defense of humanity, of the lives of
American youth and innocent Vietnamese,
appealing to substitute for this carnage a
legal and just solution of this South Viet-
namese conflict, in accordance with law and
the obligations of our country.
Your tireless condemnation of the evil
course being pursued in southeast Asia by
our pollcymakers in Washington will in later
years be accorded the same honor as is be-
stowed on all public men of stature In our
history, while the authors of brute force and
rash expediency in our foreign affairs will
continue to earn the scorn and hostility of an
aggrieved humanity.
With some honorable exceptions, your col-
leagues In the Senate listen to your reasoned
exhortations with impassive silence. Yet
you are not speaking primarily to them.
You are a tribune of the people In the U.S.
Senate and across our broad land they are
heeding your voice. In due time they will be
heard from, more and more, and more in-
sistently. They will give their answer to this
monumental lawless folly and will demand
an accounting for the lives and substance
wasted.
Thank you for portions of the March 30
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD containing letters
supporting your position which I received. I
understand additional such letters have
since been inserted in the RECORD. I would
appreciate receiving the RzcoaD pages con-
taining them, as I am reproducing these let-
ters for distribution as being vitally neces-
sary, not only to show the uninformed how
vase numbers of Americans are opposed to
the administration's wrong policy in south-
east Asia, but to counter with facts the sup-
pression and falsification of them by the
venal press which Is paralyzing the Ameri-
can people's will to peace.
Cordially yours,
liehed by history. Excerpts from his dis-
patch follow:
"The late John Poster Dulles did his beat
to stifle the Geneva Conference at birth,
trying to turn it into a forum to drum up
International Intervention a Is Korea. When
this failed, Dulles stalked out and left it
to the expendable Walter Bedell Smith to
carry on the sabotage. But the conference
produced realistic agreements based on sen-
sible compromises. Bedell did not sign
them-and he was the only delegate not to
get a cheer from the waiting crowd as dele-
gates left the conference hall.
"Before he left, Bedell Smith Issued a decla-
ration that the United States would refrain
from the threat or the use of force to disturb
the agreements and 'would view any renewal
of aggression in violation of the aforesaid
agreements with grave concern.'
"Included In the declaration was a refer-
ence to the agreement on elections, this to
be held July 20, 1956: 'In connection with
free. elections, In Vietnam, my Government
wishes to make clear its position. In the
case of nations now divided against 'their
will, we shall continue to seek to achieve
unity through free elections, supervised by
the U.N. to ensure that they are conducted
freely.'
"This was already serving notice that the
United States would sabotage the key para-
graphs regarding the holding of elections, to
be supervised not by the U.N., which never
had anything to do with the Indochina war or
the cease-fire negotiations, but by an inter-
national supervisory commission made up
of India. Poland and Canada. Also, Viet-
nam at that time was not divided. In order
to separate the combatants, a temporary line
was to be established along the 17th parallel,
to the north and south of which the com-
batant forces were to withdraw.
"The agreement, signed by all the partici-
pants except the United States, states:
"'The conference recognizes that the es-
sential purpose of the agreement relating to
Vietnam Is to settle military questions with
a view to ending hostilities and that the
military demarcation line should not In any
way be interpreted as constituting a po-
litical or territorial boundary."
"But Bedell Smith. literally before the Ink
was dry on the documents, already con-
sidered the temporary demarcation line a
permanent political boundary and Vietnam
a country 'divided against its will.'
"July 20, 1955, should have been the date
for opening the consultative conference to
arrange for the elections a year later. The
authorities in the North were prepared to
arrange electoral procedures meeting West-
ern requirements for free and secret ballot-
ing. But no such meeting took place because
U.S. policy was against elections under any
circumstances. Instead, on July 20.20 truck-
loads of Diemist stormtroops converged on
the headquarters of the International Super-
visory Commission in Saigon. smashed and
looted the building and set fire to'many cars,
"Has Secretary Dean Rusk forgotten all
about this when he talks about violation of
the Geneva agreements by North Vietnam
being responsible for the war in the South?
"Article 17a states: 'With effect from the
date of entry Into force of the present agree-
ment, the Introduction Into Vietnam of any
reinforcements In the form of all types of
arms, munitions and other war material such
as combat aircraft, naval craft. pieces of
ordnance, jet engines and jet weapons or
armored vehicles Is prohibited."
"Early In 1955, Washington and London
raised charges of Illegal import of weapons
"enough for three divisions into North Viet-
nam." The French reluctantly demanded
an international commission inquiry. The
French knew the charge was false because it
was they who had designated the points
along the Vietnam-Chinese frontier where
permanent control teams were stationed.
But a complaint was made and mobile teams
of the commission were sent to investigate
the routes along which tanks and artillery
were said to be passing. They learned that
the supposed roads and tracks were nonex-
istent or had long been destroyed. The
charges were rejected, They were made only
to cover up large imports of U.S. arms which
started within months of the signing of the
ceasefire agreements, and have continued on
an ever-increasing scale since.
"There were no elections in July 1956.
Instead the U.S. plan for reunification was
being put Into effect-to build up a huge
army in the south and prepare for the
march to the north. On graduating at the
U.S.-run military academy at Dalat. students
had to take the oath that they would march
to the north; they received 'march to the
north' armbands. Maybe Rusk does not know
about this. Or about the groups of air-
dropped US.-trained commandos dropped at
least once a month into North Vietnam,
right up to July 1964, from U.S. planes or
landed along the North Vietnam coast from
U.S. naval craft."
Submitted to the senior Senator from
Oregon in the interest of truth concerning
U.S. involvment in the war in South Viet-
nam and to help promote a peaceful solution
of that needless conflict.
FRANK A. KONDRAY.
MICHIGAN STATE UNI1sRsITY,
East Lansing, Mich., July 23, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have been follow-
ing eagerly the reports in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD of your attacks upon the unlawful
war in South Vietnam, and I wish to express
my agreement with the position you have
taken, as well as my admiration for your
moral strength In continuing to protest in
the face of a news blackout. I earnestly
hope that you and the other few Senators
who have joined you will go on. You are
speaking out, not only for yourselves and
those who elected you, but for hundreds of
thousands-probably millions-across the
country who are denied their own constitu-
tional voices by the refusal of their elected
representatives to really give thought to the
Issues Involved.
I wrote to Senator Haar In May, urging
him to support you, but his response Indi-
cated that he felt he should leave the matter
up to the President, He Is up for reelection,
but his opponent 1s probably just as afraid
of the issue. Where is our two-party sys-
tem? Where Is our representative Govern-
ment?
I cannot cast a vote for you, Senator, I do
not live in Oregon. But in the name of hon-
esty, justice, and the ideals of freedom for
which our country stands I_beeeech you not
to give up. Day by day, voices across the
country are joining yours.
I know you are a very busy man with many
commitments, but could you come to our
university to speak on the subject of the
Illegal war? (sometime In the fall-perhaps
after the election). I'm afraid there are few
Oregonians here, but to whom can we turn?
Thank you for your kind attention.
Sincerely,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: July 21 is the 10th an-
niversary of the signing of the Geneva agree-
ments of 1954. It Is a fitting time to review
that event and Its immediate aftermath as
providing the source of the original errors
and transgressions in our policy and acts
toward the southeast Asian region. The
seed was then planted for the bloody and
futile harvest the present administration is
now reaping.
Trusting that it may be helpful in your
debate on South Vietnam, I am appending
to the enclosed letter documented facts on
violations of the Geneva agreements at that
early stage by the United States.
The facts are in excerpts of a dispatch
by journalist Wilfred Burchett from South
Vietnam to the National Guardian of July
18. Burchett reports as an eyewitness of
the conflict from the scene of fighting.
They say the National Guardian is a left
wing journal. Judging from Its contents,
it presents the people's side of all important
domestic and foreign Issues.
But where today can one turn for the
truth? In general, the respectable press,
beholden to the merchants of war, only mir-
rors the official line, with its affirmations
followed by denials, its contradictions,
secrecy, and unproven allegations. As in a
case of law, more so in the southeast Asian
crisis, one must look on both sides to glean
some truth, and I seek the truth wherever
it may be found. However, Burchett con-
fines himself to documents and facts estab-
CHICAGO, ILL.
July 20,1964.
Hon. WAY NE Moasx,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
stand against our participation in the war
of Vietnam. We as a nation need to take an
honest look at what we are doing there. The
only conclusion to be reached 1s that poor
motives have brought us into and keep us
involved in this farce.
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I am thankful that there, Are such as you
in our Senate. Please know that we support
your efforts to end the arms race and the
cold war that the right extremists need so
badly.
I regret that I am not among those who
can show their support at the polls. I will,
however, make my views known to the Sena-
tors representing my State.
Yours sincerely,
DONALD C. MIKULECKY, Ph. D.
THE WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE,
Rehovoth, Israel, July 19, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE, _
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DHAR SENATOR MORSE: While I'm a New
Yorker and cannot have the pleasure of vot-
ing for you, I would still like to express my
gratitude for your excellent work. I refer
primarily (at the moment) to your powerful
words and thoughts about the doings in
Vietnam. The present policy is futile, and,
worse than that, it is aimless. A pity that
the Republican opposition wants to push the
fiasco still further. Pressure from thinking
people must grow stronger if commonsense
is to prevail.
Sincerely,
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.,
APO 334, July 20, 1964.
HOn. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: After reading
your outstanding and timely speech about
the U.S. foreign policy in Vietnam, I would
like to speak out as a U.S. citizen, a voter, a
mother, wife of a serviceman.
The growing concern of the people of the
Pacific, the statesiders residing here, the
service people, concerning Vietnam is con-
siderate. Each feels that U.S. policy should
certainly be reviewed before we are drawn
into a more severe catastrophe. Most feel
as I do, that we should withdraw completely.
This needless waste of life and property when
all the evidence shows not only to the Com-
munists, but to the world as a whole that
the position of the United States in Vietnam
has resulted in fiasco.
In theory, the Government is governed by
the people. When the people want to aban-
don a policy, is it in some way possible to
achieve this?
Sincerely,
DALLAS, TEX.,
July 20, 1964.
HOn. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I want you to know that I ap-
preciate the stand that you are taking on
the undeclared war in South Vietnam, We
need more men like you and your' way of
thinking. I have always noted and appre-
ciated your outstanding work In the Senate.
I think that your endeavor has been of some
good because without it I'm sure that, we
would be deeper in war than we are at pres-
ent. If those others framing our foreign
policy could see it in the light as you, I be-
lieve we would be treading further away from
the brink of all-out war.
Here's hoping you much success in your
efforts and the hope that someday you may
become our President.
Sincerely,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
ADELPHI, MD.,
July 20, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: This is very delayed
action but I can't let your Interviews on
"Face the Nation" and "Issues and Answers"
go by without telling you how glad I was
that some of the news media finally let the
Nation hear your views on Vietnam.
I think your view is the only real honest
one and you did a fine job of presenting it.
. I hope someday in the not too distant
future the United States can present a for-
eign policy to the world which is honest and
respectable, based on fact instead of fiction.
As I study the French and American Re-
volutions of the 18th century, it seems to
me that there and then is where the seeds
of this cold war were planted, and they just
came into full bloom after World War II. I
see communism and our democracy as two
different phases of democracy, political and
economic, which should be working together
instead of being at loggerheads with one
another,
Democracy has many meanings, but if it
has a moral, it is found in resolving that the
supreme test of all political institutions and
industrial arrangements shall be the con-
tribution they make to the all-round growth
of every member of a society.
Our shortcomings are proof that you can-
not have political equality so long as the
power remains in the hands of a few who
control the economy.
If our economic "czars" would only release
their hold on the news media and educa-
tional system it would help a lot to bring
about a little more political equality for us.
I think Russia and the United States have
a lot to learn from one another. Such themes
as the ones espoused by GOLDWATER and
MILLER just can't be accepted by our Nation,
it would be suicide for us.
I wish there was some way I could do more
to help the better man win even though I
can't wholeheartedly support this adminis-
tration's foreign policies.
I must quit; please keep up the good work.
Sincerely,
ST. PETERSBURG, FLA.,
July 20, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Permit me, sir, at
long last to express to you my deep apprecia-
tion of your sincere efforts to publicize "the
dirty war" in South Vietnam. I agree with
you that it Is a sinkhole for untold American
dollars; it is a brutal war and a war that the
United States of America has a good chance
of losing anyway.
The war in South Vietnam will in due time
hurt our standing in the U.N. I am opposed
to "the dirty war" because it will tarnish our
image as the greatest democracy in the world,
and support you 100 percent in your cam-
paign to withdraw American Armed Forces
from South Vietnam. I admire the courage
of yourself and others in the U.S. Senate
for your forthright stand against it in the
Foreign Affairs Committee. Good luck to
you and may you achieve your goal of bring-
ing our country to its senses. Thanking
you for same, I am,
Very truly yours,
LAKE GEORGE, N.Y.,
July 21, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Once in a while a bare
line or two creeps into the local papers about
your stand on the Asian business and your
position as to its constitutionality. More
power to you.
Wouldn't it help, though, if some demo-
cratic method of safeguarding the Constitu-
tion could be established? Right now you
and I both believe the President is making
war without a declaration and the consent
of Congress; and hence unconstitutionally.
But there is no machinery for bringing the
issue before the Supreme Court by way of a
request for a restraining order. Power to
18553
seek such orders should be placed some-
where-maybe in a certain percentage (5 to
10 percent) of the Governors; maybe in a
petition by a certain percentage of the pop-
ulation or of the voters.
Further, shouldn't there be penalties-
harsh penalties-for public officials who
violate the Constitution as well as for any-
inside the Government or out-who inform
the Congress falsely on matters involving
peace and war?
Finally-and this how arises from related
personal experience-since those successfully
demonstrating the unconstitutionality of a
legislative action have done a service to
every citizen, a fund should be provided out
of which to reimburse such citizens for their
costs. This is simple justice. (The related
personal experience to which I referred hap-
pened in recent months in Virginia where it
cost me 50 percent of a $4,300 collection to
prove that a local attorney serving as a
trustee did not have the right to make a
personal collection from the money held in
trust.)
The cost of defending our constitutional
rights should be borne by all.
We are all for you.
GEORGE H. ENGEMAN.
SAN JOSE, CALIF.,
July 18, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
unceasing effort against the senseless war in
Vietnam. Doesn't our State Department
know that Western white imperialism is
way out of date and self defeating?
What about a conference for the neutral-
ization of southeast Asia?
Cordially,
GEORGE L. COLLINS,
SANTA BARBARA, CALIF.,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I have read what you said about
the situation in Vietnam, as reported in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for May 21, 1964, and
hope that you will continue to repeat this
opposition to war in Vietnam as often as
possible. Since the war seems to be going
on and on to our shame, it seems as though
Congress should take some action or that
in some way the United States should quickly
bring the problem to the United Nations.
I am horrified that our military forces are
conducting "scorched earth" operations, de-
stroying food supplies, homes and means of
livelihood. I have read that there are not
enough hospitals In Vietnam to hold the
men, women and children who have been
wounded. If only the United States could
have a civilized foreign policy, based on ne-
gotiation, and such projects as the Peace
Corps. Instead we are continuing a futile
military policy based on anti-communism,
inherited from a previous era, which has no
real solution to offer to the world's prob-
lems.
Sincerely,
President of the United States of America,
The White House, Washington, D.C.
Mr. PRESIDENT: For some months I have
been deeply concerned at the relationship
between our country and Communist China
and just what course these two countries are
heading on, toward what goal.
At the conclusion of World War II, I ended
up in Japan, serving in the Marine Corps,
where we performed temporary duty until
Regular Army forces arrived. It was my priv-
ilege at that time to become acquainted
with many Japanese citizens and today cor-
respondence is still exchanged. Further, in
the course of our duties the horror of the
destruction at Nagasaki was seen firsthand
and there is no need to detail the revulsion
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE August 12
this caused within one--especially the feel-
ing of guilt as a representative of a so-called
Christian nation. This plus observing the
clamor by so-called "regulars" among the
officers for the opening of houses of prostitu-
tion washed up my confidence in the military
as determiners of foreign policy and foreign
relations.
Though we were armed to the teeth when
we landed on Kyushu, we were greeted with
obvious kindness by the citizens and In no
time thousands of friendships were estab-
lished by the troops and the people.
The reason all this is detailed is because
of another experience between two sides at
"war" in 1939 when I worked at the New
York World's Fair. The teamster union
president and the chief engineer of the fair
stood on so-called "principle" and neither
would move to settle a "quickie" strike.
Feeling a concern to both sides, I-walked a
mile to the restaurant where the union
leader was sitting and, after gipping a Coke
and having a little conversation, we returned
to the office and all was settled.
This all adds up, to me, to mean that the
people down the line, whether it be countries
or organizations, want to understand each
other and when they do get together all
problems seem to evaporate.
I am sure there. are millions of Chinese,
just as there are millions of Americans, who
do want to get along and understand each
other's problems. In view of all this, it
would seem some sort of a drastic new look
should be taken at our foreign policy and
especially as regards China. Furthermore, it
could have great financial benefit for our
country.
Today I read in the San Diego papers of the
great increase in business passing through
our local port and much of this is attributa-
ble to the trade with "our 1940-45 bitter
enemy" Japan. Now we are feuding with our
then great ally China. The opening up of
trade with China could be a great source of
increased business to the entire west coast
and especially San Diego. which now faces
the shutting down of various naval facilities.
Rather than clamor "foul" at the admin-
istration when it tries to save a dollar and
then go to San Francisco and write pious
platforms about private enterprise and
against Federal spending, our local leaders
would do better to look for new and perma-
nent sources of income.
Finally, Is It not possible to have the
United Nations handle some of the complex
problems of Asia? It was set up just for this
purpose, I thought, and it would remove us
from the front line of trying to settle every
problem all over the world.
The length of this letter is regrettable but
all of these serious problems have been
building up in me for some time and perhaps
If everyone concerned would speak up a solu-
tion might be forthcoming.
With sincere appreciation for the magni-
tude of your job and with assurance that
you have the prayers of my good family and
the writer, I am,
Most sincerely.
Los ANGELzs_CALr7.,
July 17, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I should like to
commend you on.the courageous stand you
have taken Insofar as the war in Vietnam is
concerned. I agree with your position that
we should recall our troops, and that this
matter should be handled diplomatically, and
not by military might.
I I. trust you will continue your difficult
fight. I am sure there are many people be-
hind you.
Respectfully,
WAYLAND, MICH.,
July 20,1964.
DEAR SIR: You were so right when you
said, "McNamara's war." I have read letters
from South Vietnam servioemen and all they
have is soap and salt to give to the tribes-
men and think that will win the war. What
a shame putting our men so far from home
and loved ones with no better cause. (Look
into this.)
LONG BEACH, CALIF.,
July 14, 1964.
DEAR SI:NATos: I add my voice to that of
the 01 who said, "Let's get out of Vietnam."
I agree that unilateral action is condoning
anarchy and Inviting more war. Do con-
tinue with your excellent speeches like those
before newsmen on the CBS network where
you knew morefacts than any of them.
Keep up the commonsense.
Mrs. W. B. MoREL.
MIAMI BEACH, FLA.,
July 18, 1964.
DEAR SIR: I urge you please to consider
running for Vice President. You are a man
of guts and determination. I can think of
no high praise than to any, "Sir, you are no
politician."
VINEYARD HAVEN, MASS.,
July 17, 1964.
This card is written to express our appre-
ciation for your recent exposition and critt-
clsm of the moral, legal, and practical posi-
tions in which this Nation is finding Itself
In connection with the unilateral Interven-
tions In southeast Asia.
PHILIP W. L. Cox.
SIATTLE, WASH.,
July 14, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to thank you
you for all you are doing to work for peace in
Vietnam. This Is so very important, and it is
encouraging to have a man of your stature
doing so much.
Sincerely yours,
FLOSSNcz HORNIG.
JAMAICA PLAIN, Mass.
DEAR SIR: I commend your view? on Viet-
nam. and have written the President to urge
him to seek negotiations--the 14-nation
Geneva Conference reconvened.
Since many young Republicans are going
over to Johnson for fear of GoLDwATS's
militancy-Johnson will score if his stand Is
firm against escalating the war.
Sincerely,
[From Circulating Pines, Circle Pines, Minn.,
July 9, 1964j
IGNORED Nsws
The Circualting Pines is fortunate In hav-
ing a staff member (Lee Burgard) who reads
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. This is the only
way we would know that there is opposition
on Capitol Hill to our Government's policy
in South Vietnam.
This opposition is being largely Ignored
by the press as a whole, and this is not fair
to the American people. They deserve to see
a matter as serious as this fully discussed.
Senator WAYNE MozsE, who has con-
sistently suggested that the United Nations
be asked to recommend a solution. says his
mail is running 100 to 1 in favorof his posi-
tion. In a speech delivered July 1, Moasz
says:
"The appointment of General Taylor as
Ambassador to South Vietnam increases the
possibility of our going into a full-scale war
in Asia If the Red Chinese and the North
Vietnamese do not back down under Ameri-
can-threats.
"There is a growing trend In this Republic
for the military to take over more and more
policy determinations. I had hoped that
we would make it more clear than it has
been made to date that under our constitu-
tional system it is not for the military to
determine policy, but to carry out orders:
and that American foreign policy should be
determined by the civilian branch of the
Government-by the President, his chief
agent, the Secretary of State, and the Con-
gress.
"The symbolism of putting this general
behind an Ambassador's desk in South Viet-
nam is uncalled for and unfortunate. It
will be subject to great misunderstanding,
and will accrue to the great disadvantage of
the standing of the United States in many
parts of the world, particularly in the so-
called underdeveloped nations.
"General Taylor is among those in the
Pentagon who has an itchy trigger finger
when it comes to the use of nuclear power
in case we are challenged and our bluff is
called. I want to avoid those challenges.
"I would, as I have said so many times,
while the matter is before a 14-nation con-
ference, as recommended by De Gaulle, or
before the Security Council or before the
General Assembly, call upon Our alleged-
and I underline the word "alleged"-SEATO
allies to join us with a sufficient body of
men to patrol the area, to keep the adver-
saries separate, and to stop the killing and
warmaking until the procedures of the
United Nations can be brought to work upon
the threat to the peace of Asia and, potenti-
ally, the peace of the world"
TACOMA, WASH.,
July 19, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We commend you for
your forthright position on the war in Viet-
nam. We share your conviction that not
one American boy should be sacrificed in
this unjust and unnecessary war. We know
It takes courage to speak out these days and
want you to know we appreciate your efforts.
Sincerely yours,
Mr. and Mrs. JOHN SPRUELL.
OAKLAND, CALIF.,
July 19, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: You continue
to fight on, almost alone, to save the United
States and perhaps the world; may you live
long to continue the struggle and may the
blind be given sight to see the chasm ahead.
If it were possible I would like a copy of
all your speeches made against our involve-
ment in Vietnam and on the Asiatic main-
land. Also your 25-page minority report on
"aid" of July 13.
With all the best to you.
Yours truly,
[From the New York Times, May 16, 1964]
FOR KOREAS UNIFICATION
To the EDITOR:
In the New York Times of April 24 you
carried a reasoned and eloquent plea for the
despoiled people of South Korea by Yong-
jeung Kim of the Korean Affairs Institute,
It is my hope that policy planners in Wash-
ington took note of It.
In his letter Mr. Kim states (anent the
struggles of the South Korean students
against the soldiers and police) that the
struggle for unification of north and south
"cannot be stopped by force." And in this
he is correct.
I would observe that It has been the role
of General Park, who seized power in May
1961 In a coup d'etat, to be the "force" that
has sought to prevent peaceful unification,
but his departure Is now in sight.
Is it not painfully obvious that U.S. policy
has failed miserably In South Korea? That
the time has come gracefully but hastily to
withdraw? For the sake of history we should
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halt all secret or open efforts to force South
Korea again' into the arms of the Japanese.
DAVID W. W. CONDE.
4'1964.
OAKLAND, CALIF., May
(The writer 'of the bve letter served as
staff section chief under Gen. Douglas Mac-
Arthur and was a Reuters correspondent in
Japan.)
KINCHELOE, AIR FORCE BASE, MICH.,
July 17, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MoasE The settlement in
Laos" was a time-buying device, and now the
time we bought is about to run out, with
the Communists taking the country over un-
less we fight them to prevent it. So Laos
has come to the same pass as South Viet-
nam. Both countries are being attacked
by North Vietnam, using partly its regular
troops and partly irregulars transparently
disguised as internal rebels. The disguised
nature of the North Vietnamese aggression
Is taken as giving North Vietnam the status
under international law of a neutral, with
the protection' from counterattack which
that status affords. But surely if interna-
tional law means anything it deals with prac-
tical realities, not with polite fictions. We
have not the slightest obligation to treat
North Vietnam as if it were not at war with
South Vietnamese allies and with us, We
should prevent North Vietnamese reinforce-
ments and supplies from reaching Laos or
South Vietnam, and in doing so there is no
reason why we should stay on this side of the
North Vietnamese border. I believe Congress
should now declare a state of war between.
the United States and North Vietnam; and.
we should bomb all of North Vietnam's mili-
tary installations, factories, rail centers, fuel
storage facilities and ports, and destroy all.
North Vietnamese ships and aircraft. This
could be done in a week, and then the situa-
tion in South Vietnam and Laos would sud-
denly take on quite a different aspect.
Ho Chi Minh will not Surrender, and we
should not expect to be able to end the war
quickly. It will be a long and terrible war,
whether we counterattack into North Viet-
nam or not. If we do, it will not be a hope-
less war as it is at present.
Respectfully yours,
ROBERT POWELL.
PRINCETON, N.J., .
July 16, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate.
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR: Normally, I would never
have thought of writing to you. I am not
one of your constituents; indeed, I have
never had the good fortune to be in Oregon.
But in days such as the present ones I feel
that I must let you know how much I respect
you for many of the positions which you
have taken recently on foreign and domestic
affairs.
Now that Senator GOLDWATER has become
the Republican presidential candidate the
danger Increases that many of his oppo-
nentswill continue to mention him and the'
forces behind him as excuses for the charac-
ter of many U.S. policies. I hope that you
will criticize anyone who attempts to justify
the continuance of bad policies by saying
that any attempt to implement better ones
would provide political ammunition to the
Goldwater forces.
I am sure that you will continue to be-
come increasingly outspoken about such
issue as peace, disarmament, Cuba, south-
east Asia, and civil rights.
Very truly yours,
Dr. WALTER STRUVE.
PLEASANT RIDGE, MICH.,
July 16,1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have just been
reading some of your supporters' 'letters in
No. 157-11
the July 9, 1964, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and
I would like to add mine to your collection.
You are doing an outstanding job in the
Senate on this issue day after day and de-
serve the good wishes of all Americans. Keep
it up.
Sincerely,
J. B. GORDON.
P.C.-I would appreciate being placed on
the mailing list for your newsletters.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.,
July 13, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
SENATOR MORSE: In what capacity is the
United States militarily responsible for the
perpetuation of the present South Vietna-
mese regime? What qualities has this re-
gime which guarantee the freedoms of the
South Vietnamese people?
If it is our aim to prevent the spread of
communism, perhaps a more practical solu-
tion, and certainly a more preferable solu-
tion, would be to eliminate the conditions
which foster uprising; eliminate the condi-
tions, not the people.
Our position is detestable morally.
Sincerely yours,
Mr. and Mrs. JOHN B. READ.
MOBERLY, MO.,
July 15, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator from Oregon,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to thank you
for your courageous stand and the vigorous
way In which you have opposed our Govern-
ment's intervention in Vietnam. The Post
Dispatch recently has given you considerable
space, as you probably know. They had a
fine editorial praising you fof your daily
speech in the Senate, voicing your opposi-
tion to this immoral and cruel war, and they
carried a three-column reprint of one of
your speeches in which you pointed out
that we have no legal right to engage in this
war. I presume you have copies of this
material.
You speak for a great many conscientious
people, not only on this subject, but on many
others. I recall your fight against the Tel-
star deal which the Government turned over
to AT. & T.; and many other similar posi-
tions where you represented the people's
interests. It is a great satisfaction to have
Senator WAYNE MORSE in Washington to
counteract to some extent the Goldwaters,
the Smathers, Eastlands, et al. If there were
more of you and fewer of the latter, our
country and the world in general would be
a more just and peaceful place.
Yours very truly,
MARY CHRISTIAN.
PENFIELD, N.Y.,
July 16, 1964.
The U.S. SENATE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have several times
read over your May 27 speech to the Senate
and the text of the May 24, 1964, "Face the
Nation" television program.
I want to give you every possible encour-
agement in your good efforts to bring us to
our senses as a nation with respect to our
southeast Asia policy.
Sincerly yours,
W. EUGENE NOTZ, M.D.
WABAN, MASS.,
July 16, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Just a word of ap-
preciation for the valiant efforts which you
are making to keep our country from be-
coming Involved further in military conflict
in southeast Asia.
I fear,greatly the recent escalation of the
conflict, particularly, by our Government.
I am firmly convinced that it is against
the best interests of the United States to
continue participation in this war. It actu-
ally weakens our military security while
harming our diplomatic posture.
Again, thank you for your leadership on
this issue.
Sincerely,
PORTLAND, OREG.,
July 11, 1964.
Senator WAYNE L. MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: As an Oregon Demo-
crat, I've been tremendously proud of our
State's representation and rather guilty not
to have expressed my feeling to you, to EDITH
GREEN, and to MAURINE NEUBERGER.
Now, with the bitter truth about Vietnam
breaking out at long last, may I thank you
and all other courageous protesters who are,
I'm sure, standing with you. WILLIAM
RYAN'S recent speech in the House was heart-
ening. It is most unfortunate that the
press, radio, and TV do not give good cover-
age to controversial speeches and debate. It
seems to me and my friends of liberal faith
that now is the heaven-sent opportunity for
the United States to do the obvious: Dem-
onstrate alleged faith in the United Nations
and lead the world toward a real detente.
We cannot understand those who want to
save face militarily while they refuse to face
the realities of the atomic age.
Thank you, Senator, and more strength to
you.
Sincerely yours,
ALICE B. PLYMPTON.
PORTLAND, OREG.,
July 9, 1964.
President LYNDON B.JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I realize you are mak-
ing an intensive study of the situation in
South Vietnam, the importance of which you
fully realize. I urge you, Mr. President, not
to be pressured into making a military com-
mitment that would lead us into war with
Red China. I urge you, on the other hand,
to explore every avenue available that might
lead to a peaceful settlement. The voice of
reason and the long view are needed here.
In spite of the fact that you must receive
many letters urging immediate military ex-
pansion, I know there are many Americans
who feel as I do about this.
Very truly yours,
MARY M. FERNANDEZ.
(Copy to Senator WAYNE MORSE.)
AMENDMENT OF FOREIGN ASSIST-
ANCE ACT OF 1961
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 11380) to amend fur-
ther the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
as amended, and for other purposes.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I call
up my amendment, which I offer for my-
self and the senior Senator from Mis-
souri [Mr. SYMINGTON]. I ask that it
be stated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendment will be stated.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 13,
at the end of section 620 (a) inserted in
the bill by Senate amendment, relating
to limitation on aggregate authorization
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 12
for use in fiscal year 1965, strike the
period, insert a semicolon, and add the
following :
Provided, That an additional $50,000,000 is
authorized to be appropriated for the pur-
chase of domestically produced beef, poul-
try and other meats and meat products,
dairy products, rice and other high protein
foods, in adequate supply in the United
States, for donation to school lunch and sim-
ilar programs in foreign countries eligible for
assistance under this Act.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I
shall take only a brief time to explain
the amendment. I believe it will be ac-
cepted by every Member of the Senate.
I have discussed it with the distinguished
chairman of the Committee on Foreign
Relations, the Senator from Arkansas
[Mr. FULBRIGHTI. He Indicated that he
is willing to accept the amendment. I
have also discussed it with the leadership
and with numerous other Members of the
Senate, and they support the amend-
ment.
In effect, the amendment authorizes
the appropriation of $50 million under
the authority of the foreign aid bill now
before the Senate for the purchase of
domestically produced beef, poultry, and
other meats and meat products, dairy
products, rice, and other high-protein
foods which are in adequate supply in
the United States for donation to school
lunch and similar programs in foreign
countries which are eligible for assist-
ance under the bill.
I believe the amendment Is a perfect
combination of our domestic self-inter-
est with the most solid kind of humani-
tarian program.
We have heard much discussion in
the Senate during the past few days
about some of the inadequacies of our
foreign aid operations. There are in-
adequacies. There are some parts of the
program that should be corrected.
But one aspect of our oversea aid pro-
gram that should bring pride to every
Member of Congress, and to every Amer-
ican, Is our oversea school lunch pro-
gram. We are now feeding about 40
million schoolchildren every day through
our food for peace program. The results
of that program have been most Inspir-
ing, not only in terms of the remarkable
improvement in health on the part of
the youngsters who receive the food, but
also in terms of improved school attend-
ance and improved academic perform-
ance.
Some years ago, Prime Minister Nehru,
of India, stated that one cannot talk of
God to a starving person. By the same
reasoning, an effective job cannot be
done of educating boys and girls who are
hungry, who are too weak and lethargic
to sit through classroom instruction.
Amazing results have been achieved by
the feeding of youngsters in some 80
countries.
One of the limitations of the program
has been the lack of high protein food.
Under existing authority, we have not
had the power to purchase beef and other
meat products or the high protein foods
that are desperately needed. There Is no
single lack in the world today that
undermines human health more than the
lack of protein foods.
There is an extremely critical shortage
of such foods all across Africa, Asia, large
parts of Latin America. and the Middle
East. In fact, some authorities say that
almost no child on the entire Continent
of Africa escapes the ravages of protein
deficiency. There is a terrible disease
known as kwashiorkor, which Is another
name for protein deficiency. It is this
tragic lack of protein in the diets of the
youngsters of Africa and in most of the
other underdeveloped parts of the world
that causes the skinny arms and legs,
the distended bellies, and the gaunt faces
of the children we see when we visit un-
derdeveloped countries.
The only way to correct that condition
is by providing additional protein foods,
as would be authorized by this amend-
ment.
We should also consider the amend-
ment I have offered from the standpoint
of our own interests.
The amendment will be of great value
to American producers. We all know
that American livestock producers have
been in serious economic trouble for more
than a year. This amendment offers an
opportunity to take off the market some
of the surplus beef that is produced in
this country. The amendment provides
that the beef to be used must be domesti-
cally produced and used for the relief of
boys and girls overseas through school
lunch and similar programs.
Our dairy producers and some of the
other producers who would be assisted
by the amendment have also had prob-
lems of surpluses, which this could help
relieve.
At the present time, I am advised that
our stocks of nonfat dried milk are quite
low. We had only 123 million pounds
uncommitted July 24 compared to 472
million pounds at the same time last
year. The voluntary agencies, which
have asked for 850 million pounds this
year, have been assured only 400 million.
It would be tragic if this commodity,
which is the backbone of some of our
school aid projects abroad, should be
suddenly cut off or drastically cut back
and we should abandon millions of chil-
dren to want and hunger again.
I do not know of any program in our
entire farm aid operation that deserves
our support more than does the effort to
contribute to the improvement of the
health and well-being of schoolchildren
in the developing countries.
During the past week. the country has
marked the 90th birthday of former
President Herbert Hoover. Mr. Hoover
is known around the world, not so much
because he was President of the United
States, important and significant as that
honor was, but because he brought
America's agricultural abundance to
bear on the solution of the problems of
world hunger. It is no accident that
former President Hoover has devoted a
good part of his recent years to the writ-
ing of a four-volume work on our over-
sea food programs. It is a high tribute
to President Hoover that he handled that
program with the broad vision and deep
sense of humanity that he manifested,
both in the years during and after World
War I and again after World War II,
when he was asked by President Truman
to direct or advise on the feeding of the
hungry people in the war-torn countries
of Europe and in Japan.
One of the most remarkable of our
post World War II efforts was the school
lunch program directed by Gen. Douglas
MacArthur in Japan, a program which
is paying great dividends to the people
of Japan and the people of the United
States. The health and well-being of
a whole generation of Japanese young
people were greatly strengthened by the
oversea school lunch programs that were
directed by General MacArthur in the
postwar period. It is one of the great
achievements in the life of that re-
nowned general. Today, thanks in part
to that program, Japan is the biggest
commercial, hard-money purchaser of
American agricultural commodities in
the world.
Mr. President, this Is a hardheaded
program. The schoolchildren we help
today with the school lunch program,
who learn to enjoy and benefit by Amer-
ican milk, American meat, and American
agricultural products, will be our cus-
tomers tomorrow. This program is defi-
nitely in the interest of American agri-
cultural producers. It is in the Interest
of people who are trying to assist over-
seas. In the best sense of the word, it
is food for peace in action.
I am much pleased that the distin-
guished senior Senator from Missouri
[Mr. SYMINGTON], who is a member of
the Committee on Foreign Relations,
and who has traveled widely and ob-
served these programs in various parts
of the world, has joined me as a cospon-
sor of the amendment.
I hope the Senate will adopt the
amendment.
Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, it
is a privilege to be a joint sponsor of
the amendment with the distinguished
Senator from South Dakota [Mr. Mc-
GOVERN]. Not only will the amendment
help the people whom we intend it to
help under the foreign aid program, it
will also help the American farmer.
The fact that we reduced the foreign
aid bill last evening by several hundred
million is the only reason why we did not
include a considerably larger figure for
this worthy cause. Nevertheless, I am
gratified to know, as I know my able
friend from South Dakota is, as a result
of the actions of the administration in
recent days and weeks, that beef prices,
which had been falling in a serious, if
not critical fashion, have improved.
It Is this type of program that I be-
lieve will make it possible for the cattle-
men and those engaged in the poultry,
dairy products, rlcegrowing, and other
high-protein food Industries, to have a
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