MCNAMARA'S WAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200150023-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: June 18, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

APPr9VeU r CMiease SI8lf Xyu , `&Wjrn W4ij?wuuzuu 13825
1,964
;way specific, titles II
no f .his existing authority, weighed in an atmosphere of dispassion, ployment-to bemore
which is q mhairuite ample, to enforce the law. in the absence of political demagogery, and VII of the bill. I find no constitu-Federal
ri other words this bill, taken as a, and in the light of fundamental consti- rtional egula bas safor the exercise rcise of of these
whole, should b e called a bill- for a vast tutional principles.
amount of more Federal power, rather For example, throughout my 12 years areas; and I believe the attempted usur-
than a civil rights bill. as a member of the Senate Labor and pation of such power to be a grave threat
Mr President, I feel that the bill is Public Welfare Committee, I have re- to the very essence of our basic system of
uncalled for,~that?it cannot be the solu- peatedly offered amendments to bills per- government; namely, that of a constitu-
tion of the problems"sought to be reached, taining to labor that would end discrimi- tional republic in which 50 sovereign
and that if will not work. nation in unions, and repeatedly those States have reserved to themselves and
But, 1VTr President, as has been ade- amendments have been turned down by to the people those powers not specifi-
quately pointed out on several occasions, the very members of both parties who tally granted to the Central or Federal
and as was quite clearly pointed out only now so vociferously support the present Government.
yesterday .. by- the distinguished senior approach to the solution of our problem. If it is the wish of the American peo-
Senator from Georgia. [Mr. RUSSELL], Talk is one thing, action is another, and ple that the Federal Government should
thismeasure `Isa one sided sectional bill. until the Members of this body and the be granted the power to regulate in these
-
On the, floor of the- Senate, great prom- people of this country realize this, there two areas and in the manner contem-
Ises have been made In regard to what will be no real solution to the problem plated by this bill, then I say that the
would, be done in order to treat everyone we face. Constitution should be so amended by
in the country exactly alike; but the bill- To be sure, a calm environment for the the people as to authorize such action
does not meet those promises. I pre- consideration of any law dealing with in accordance with the procedures for
diet that over the next period of years, as human relationships is not easily at- amending the Constitution which that
the Negroes' of great Northern, heavily tained-emotions run high, political great document itself prescribes. I say
segregated cities, find that they have been pressures become great, and objectivity further that for this great legislative
exempted from 'coverage by most of the is at a premium. Nevertheless, delibera- body to ignore the Constitution and the
provisions of the bill, and find that they tion and calmness are indispensable to fundamental concepts of our govern-
are, , going to continue to send their chil- success. mental system is to act in a manner
dren to segregated schools-schools with It was in. this context that I main- which could ultimately destroy the free-
segregatio that cannot be broken down tained high hopes for this current legis- dom of all American citizens, including
by court order, because of a provision lation-high hopes that, notwithstand- the freedoms of the very persons whose
in this bill forbidding any court to break ing the glaring defects of the measure feelings and whose liberties are the
down those segregated patterns in those as it reached us from the other body major subject of this legislation.
schools; and when they find that there and the sledge-hammer political tactics My basic objection to this measure is,
cannot be any application of the stiff which produced it, this legislation, therefore, constitutional. But, in addi-
terms of this Federal law to FEPC prob- through the actions of what was once tion, I would like to point out to my col-
,1ems or to public accommodations prob- considered to be the greatest delibera- leagues in the Senate and to the people
lems or to various other problems which tive body on earth, would emerge in a of America, regardless of their race,
MAY arise-problems which normalcy form both effective for its lofty purposes color, or creed, the implications involved
would be covered by specific provisions and acceptable to all freedom-loving in the enforcement of regulatory legis-
of ,this bill, except for the exemption people. lation of this sort. To give genuine ef-
Wiritten into it-there will be a great wave It is with great sadness that I realize feet to the prohibitions of this bill will
of discontent among those disillusioned the nonfulfillment of these high hopes. require the creation of a Federal police
Negroes in the Northern cities.. There- 'My hopes were shattered when it became force of mammoth proportions. It also
fore,--l predict- that in those Northern apparent that emotion and political pres- bids fair to result in the development of
cities there will be demonstrations, riots, sures, not persuasion, not commonsense, an "informer" psychology in great areas
'.disturbances, and racial troubles that not deliberation, had become the rule of of our national life--neighbors spying on
will go far beyond anything that ever has the day and of the processes of this great neighbors, workers spying on workers,
happened in the South. body. businessmen spying on businessmen,
Mr. President, it _ is tragic that this One has only to review the defeat of where those who would harass their fel-
legislation is being imposed upon the commonsense amendments to this bill- low citizens for selfish and narrow pur-
peaple of this country. It is even more amendments that would in no way harm poses will have ample inducement to do
tragic that-if it is to be imposed-it is it but would, in fact, improve it-to real- so. These, the Federal police force and
being Imposed inequitably, not with equal ize that political pressure, not persua- an "informer" psychology, are the hall-
force upon the people in all sections of sion or commonsense, has come to rule marks of the police state and landmarks
the country. the consideration of this measure. in the destruction of a free society.
_ Mr President, I yield the floor. I realize fully that the Federal Gov- I repeat again: I am unalterably op-
The ,PRt-SIDING'OFFICER. What is ernment has a responsibility in the field posed to discrimination of any sort and I
the will -of the Senate? of civil rights. I supported the civil believe that though the problem is un a-
orvnG, RTci l^s rights bills which were enacted in 1957 mentally one of the heart, some law can
Mr., 0OLDWATE13,. ` Mr President; and 1960, and my public utterances dur- "help-but not law that embodies features
there have beer few, if any,-occasions ing the debates on those measures and like these, provisions which fly in the
when the searching of, my conscience since reveal clearly the areas in which face of the Constitution and which re-
and the reexamination of my views of I feel that Federal responsibility lies and quire for their effective execution the
out. constitutional system have played a Federal legislation on this subject can creation of a police state. And so, be-
greater part in the determination of my be both effective and appropriate. Many cause I am unalterably opposed to any
vote than they have on this occasion. of those areas are encompassed in this threats to our great system of govern-
I am unalterably opposed to discrimi- bill and to that extent, I favor it. ment and the loss of our God-given liber-
nation or segregation on the "basis of I wish to make myself perfectly clear. ties, I shall vote "no" on this bill.
race, colors or creed, or on .any other The two portions of this bill to which I This vote will be reluctantly cast, be-
basis; not only my words, but more im- have constantly and consistently voiced cause I had hoped to be able to vote "yea"
portantly my actions through the years objections, and which are of such over- on this measure as I have on the civil
have repeatedly demonstrated the sin- riding significance that they'are determ- rights bills which have preceded it; but
verity of my feeling in this regard. inative of my vote on the entire measure, I cannot in good conscience to the oath
This is fundamentally a'matter of the are those which would embark the Fed- that I took when assuming office, cast my
11. heart. The problems of discrimination eral Government on a regulatory course vote in the affirmative. With the excep-
can never be cured by laws alone; but I of action with regard to private enter- tion of titles II and VII, I could whole-
would be the first to agree that-laws can prise in the area of so-called public ac- heartedly support this-bill; but with their
help-laws careful'ppero 'RbriRele @O401 :iCI p66 031 6nooofSMy 'rtbly improved by
No. 123-10
 1382 . -
N #410
Approved For 8& SSIONALS CCIACikV 6B
INArE R000200150023-7 June 18
? the compromise version we have been
working on, my vote must be "no."
If my vote is misconstrued, let it be.
and let me suffer its consequences. Just
let me be judged in this by the real con-
cern I have voiced here and not by words
that others may speak or by what others
may say about what I think.
My concern extends beyond this single
legislative moment. My concern extends
beyond any single group in our society.
My concern Is for the entire Nation, for
the freedom of all who live In itand for
all who will be born into it.
It is the general welfare that must be
considered now, not just the special ap-
peals for special welfare. This is the
time to attend to the liberties of all.
This is my concern. And this is where
I stand.
RUSSIAN PAYMENT FOR WHEAT
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President I
yield myself such time as I may require.
Because of statements made when the
Russian wheat sales was under consider-
ation that there were serious questions
whether we would ever be paid for the
wheat, I continue to get occasional in-
quires from citizens who want to know
if the Russians are paying up.
I consequently inquired of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture about the status of
the sales. I have a reply which shows
that as of June 1 the Continental Grain
Co. and Cargill, Inc., had shipped 62.7
million bushels of wheat out of a total
of 65.5 million bushels to be shipped and
had been paid prompty upon completion
of loading and presentation of docu-
ments. Payments to June I totaled
$133.8 million.
I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi-
dent, to have printed in the RECORD, a
copy of the Department of Agriculture
letter setting out this and other informa-
tion.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
Washington, D.C., June 17, 1964.
Hon. Gzoaca MCGovxaN,
U.S. Senate.
(Attention: Mr. Ben Stong.)
DEAR SENATOR MCGOVERN: This is in reply
to your inquiry for information concerning
payments in connection with the sale of U.S.
wheat to the Soviet Union.
Enclosed are background statements- on
the two wheat sales concluded with the
Soviet Union. These were commerial trans-
actions between the U.S. exporters and the
Soviet buying agency. Wheat for these sales
could have been procured either from the
open market or from Government-owned
stocks held by the Commodity Credit Cor-
poration.
The sales were both on cash terms. While
commercial credit for these sales could have
been guaranteed by the Export-Import Bank.
we understand from the exporters that credit
was not requested by the Soviet Union in
their purchases here. Both U.S. exporters--
Continental Grain Co., and Cargill, Inc.-
have indicated that payments in dollars on
individual cargoes have been received
promptly in New York upon completion of
loading and presentation of documents.
Union out of total expected experts, in-
cluding allowable overage. of 85.5 million
bushels.
We are also enclosing a statement on the
U.S. wheat supply and distribution which
provides further background on these sales.
It now appears that our total wheat exports
this year will reach 850 million bushels.
This would leave a June 30 carryover of
approximately 880 million bushels, which is
about 300 million bushels lower than a year
earlier.
Please let us know if we can be of further
service.
Sincerely yours,
DOROTHY 11. JACOBSON,
Assistant Secretary.
AN ADDITION TO "THE WEEK THAT
is"
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, yes-
terday the distinguished Senator from
Vermont [Mr. ArxxN] reviewed some of
the startling developments of the current
week under the heading, "The Week That
Is.'
I was much impressed by the wit of the
Senator's satirical effort.
This morning's newspaper carries the
news of another development which I
think should be added to the list of re-
markable events already cataloged by
the Senator from Vermont. In the
Washington Post of today's date Is a
story that to some will seem incredible.
It is headed simply, "Birch Society Debt
Increases."
For years, the John Birch Society has
been the Nation's most ardent enemy of
deficit financing. Indeed, a high per-
centage of the Birch Society's barbs have
been aimed at those who would dare
participate in any kind of program that
would increase the Government's debt or
its deficit. All the good Birchers tried
and true have paraded under the banner
of pay-as-you-go fiscal integrity-no
debt, no deficit, no default. Yet. here it
is in black and white under a Boston
dateline of June 17, and I quote:
Brace SocxTY DEBT INCaUASas
The John Birch Society went deeper into
debt in 1963. a report on file in the State at-
torney general's office showed today.
The figures indicated a cumulative deficit
of $210.954, compared to a debt of 484.612
for 1962.
Although expenses and total deficit rose.
the militantly conservative organization re-
ported income increase to $1.043,656 from
$737.718 in 1962.
Mr. President, what could be a more
surprising news development to add to
"The Week That Is"? For the Birch So-
ciety to be caught with a growing debt
and a mounting deficit is roughly parallel
to Carrie Nation being picked up on a
charge of public intoxication. Appar-
ently the Birchers have been fighting the
public debt so vigorously that they have
forgotten to balance their own books. It
only demonstrates again the wisdom of
that old adage, "People who live in glass
houses 1
M 0uldn?t throw stones."
M . resident, I yield the floor.
Payments received to June Ito I I33 $ Mr. MORSE. P i ~,. ess article en-
million. As of that datA eAe 6,1>Q1d14l Ke~r l~ pg ~ Pli~i tr'C gorse, U.S. Aid
of wheat had been exported to the Soviet Dakota obtained the floor- in Saigon Says," published in today's
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator has the floor in his own right;
he has been recognized by the Chair.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I think
during this lull in the Senate it is very
appropriate to discuss another subject
matter for a moment. So I have a few
comments to make about McNamara's
war.
It was not my privilege to be present
today in the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee when Secretary of State Rusk
began the administration's defense of its
typically inflated foreign aid program.
I was presenting my case before the Com-
mittee on the District of Columbia
against violating a very precious liberty
of freemen; namely, that every arrested
person be entitled to be taken without
delay before a committing magistrate.
This precious safeguard of liberty is
known as the Mallory rule based upon a
unanimous decision of the U.S. Supreme
Court. It is proposed to reverse that de-
cision by the so-called omnibus crime
bill. I shall oppose that evil and I argued
against it in the District of Columbia
Committee this morning. Therefore, I
could not hear the testimony this morn-
ing of the Secretary of State.
I say, however, that his program is
"typically inflated" because all the de-
scription of it as a "bare bones" measure
cannot disguise the fact that a good third
of it is going into military programs that
are worthless to the United States and
often harmful to the recipient country.
We would have a much sounder foreign
aid program if we terminated all military
aid entirely. Perhaps then we could be-
ginto get results from our economic aid.
It is also a typically Inflated foreign
aid program because it does not mention
our already huge unspent pipeline of
foreign aid appropriations that will
greatly inflate the $3.5 billion the Presi-
dent is asking for in his so-called bare
bone bill.
Secretary Rusk has made his most
audacious attempt to date to present the
illegal war in Vietnam over which he
helps preside as a useful and desirable
venture. It is too -bad his statement
comes on the same day as the more frank
and realistic statements by an anony-
mous but high-ranking U.S. military ad-
viser who admits that the outlook in
Vietnam Is much worse now than it was
3 years ago.
It was 3 years ago that McNamara's
war began in Vietnam. As a result of
the direct U.S. involvement, the situa-
tion has deteriorated. In this unat-
tributed statement, the U.S. spokesman
admits that "90 percent of the guerrillas'
weapons came from the U.S. military
assistance program to the South Viet-
namese Government forces." I wonder
if Secretaries McNamara and Rusk have
given any thought to the possibility that
by ceasing our military aid we could do
more damage to the rebels than we are
doing by increasing it because we would
-deny them their chief source of weapon
supply.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
 RESS ONAL R CORDP66, QQIQE200150023-7
13827
~ -so tow that most Pentagon reporters really
elusion of my remarks. them and die for them. But it is a sad
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without day when the United States of America don't believe a story until it has been of1-
objection, it is so ordered. Is guilty of the same deception. eaily denied. Even his subordinates are
apologetic for the more blatant episodes.
(See exhibit 1.) Mr. President, 'I ask unanimous con- During Mr. McNamara's first appearances
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, "Amerl- sent that there be printed at this point before ongress, its key leaders were im-
can suppoft-political, ' economic, and in the RECORD an editorial from the Avi- pressed with his ability to answer on the spot
military-continues to be needed," said ation Week on this subject, entitled "The any question they asked. It was not until
Secretary Rusk today of South Vietnam. Credibility Gap.". It is an' editorial that several times around the same track that
"The Vietnamese Government and people takes the Secretary of Defense, Mr. Mc- they began to develop misgivings over the
cannot do the job alone. In Malaya it Namara, and his press officer, Mr. Syl- accuracy of many of these answers and began
took extensive British assistance and a vester, to task for the great gap in their to wonder if the Secretary's talents lay more
favorable troop ratio of about 24 to 1 credibility as to the reports that they toward glibness than research. Among the
to defeat the Communist guerrillas, and make to the American people on our op- Incidents that have shaken his once strong
it required a 12-year period to do it." credibility with Congress are:
erhe southeast Asia. His claim that forcing U.S. Air Force and
What a deceitful statement. The Sec- There re being no objection, the edito- Navy to use the same F-iii (TFX) design
retary of State knows very well that the rial was ordered to be printed in the would save a billion dollars. Later testimony
Communist guerrillas in Malaya were RECORD, as follows: showed that this was a rough calculation
foreigners-they were Chinese Commu- TH.S CREDIBILITY GAP made by an aid on the back of an envelope
nests. They were not local people at all. (By Robert Hotz) before a contractor was even selected for the
They did not present a civil war, but protect.
an infiltratfon'of foreners. There are disturbing indications that the The manner in which many of his economy
credibility of Defense Secretary Robert
,As such, they were easy to distinguish Strange McNamara and his Pentagon spokes- claims for the Defense Department budget
from the local population. And they did men Is diminishing rapidly at the very time have evaporated under congressional scru-
not represent indigenous opinion. It President Lyndon Johnson needs it most to tiny, and how many of them have simply
os what
took 12 years to put them down, and build public support `for this Nation's cam- turned out to be the difference what was ordered
thousands of lives. paign to repel communism in southeast Asia. might have been n spent and what wa
Lack of credibility of key Government offi-
the only forei to be spent.
en, nlyforelpYi troops nathe e on the Americans sceneare. eials is always a serious matter in a demo- His Public Insistence that the Lockheed
cratic society, but the deepening crisis, in YF-12A (A-11) was developed from the start
In SouthVietnam we are doing very Vietnam and Laos, which is certain to de- as an interceptor for U.S. Air Force, despite
niuch what Nazi-Germany; fascist Italy, mand heavier sacrifices in blood and money knowledge by key Congressmen that this air-
and Communist Russia did In Spain from the American people, makes this prob- craft was sponsored and funded by the Cen-
during ' the Spanish Civil War.--We are lem particularly acute now. The American tral Intelligence Agency as a super-spy suc-
Intervening In someone else's civil war. people' have never flinched from paying cessor to the U-2.
But this time we are doing it alone. whatever price was necessary to preserve His repeated optimistic reports on the Viet-
tnLaos, the Secretary of State refers liberty and prevent the spread of tyranny nam war that are regularly contradicted by
to military assistance we are providing when they understood clearly the issues at events occurring on the battlefront. It is
in accordance with the Geneva accords stake. But there is diminishing public sup- ironic that his credibility has sunk so low
port for the southeast Asian ventures-at on this score that even when he is right-
the very time that the crisis is reaching its as In the case of which aircraft types are
military participation of the United peak-because of the lessening public belief proper-for this operation-few believe him
States that. is in violation of article IV in the world It is getting from the Pentagon's any more.
of those accords. It is a shameful record civilian leaders. As the facts in all of these areas eventually
that the United States is making as a , This may prove to be an extremely high emerge and erode the official position taken
violator of international law in Laos, as price for President Johnson to pay for what- by Messrs. McNamara and Sylvester, their ef-
ever as in South.Vietnam. We are be- success Mr. McNamara and his official forts to suppress and control the Pentagon
well
well as in the United Nat. e a ter. mouthpiece, Arthur Sylvester, have achieved information flow become more violent and
ions
smirching
in their avowed intent to control Pentagon ridiculous. Mr. Sylvester's internal Pentagon
By what twisted and self-serving logic news to suit their own purposes. 'This policy directive to all military public information
can the United ~ States try to justify its backfired badly in the Cuban crisis. The officers ordering the F-111 to be portrayed
violations of international agreements sparse and "misleading information dis- publicly as a success regardless of what the
by pointing to the violations of others? pensed from the Pentagon. on Cuba reduced facts may be (AW Apr, 27, p. 31) would read
The 'he st rted its charge has served public credibility on official statements to more appropriately in the Cyrillic alphabet
countless nations as a suflicient pretext such a low point that the late President than in English. The idea of proclaiming
Kennedy finally had to order Mr. McNamara that an aircraft will meet all of the military
for war; it wise killed millions of people. to put on that extraordinary lantern-slide service requirements before the first proto-
it was every nations' ,excuse for' the show on national television to convince the type has rolled out or made its initial flight
bloodbath of World War Iand there are American people that the Soviet missiles is so ludicrous it belongs in a George Orwell
even people ytoday who still claim Poland were really being shipped out of Cuba. book. The latest attempt- by Mr. Sylvester
started something in 1939 that Germany Ironically, this performance revealed more to further tighten control of military news
had every, right to finish. genuine Intelligence secrets than would have (AW June 8, p. 20) has been widely inter-
Today, an American Secretary of State been necessary if Messrs. McNamara and preted-and we think correctly so-as an-
is dishing up the same old pretext for an Sylvester had dispensed the facts as events other indication of how badly the tide is
American war 1n SOUth Vietnam and- occurred. running against our efforts in Vietnam.
Lags. And American boys are being Both Mr. McNamara and Mr. Sylvester came Now we have the incredible spectacle of
to their Pentagon duties with an unusual eight U.S. Air Force F-100 fighter bombers
killed illegally, unjustifiably, and, in my belief in, the use of the official lie as a na- making a strike on foreign soil-the first U.S.
judgment, by way of a shocking betrayal tional policy instrument. Mr.Mc'l athai first offensive military action since Korea-and
of their own Government's obligation to made this clear In 1961 testimony before the Government trying to suppress this news
them. Congress on the Nike-Zeus when he said: and keep it from the American people.
Under every section of the United "Why should we tell Russia that Zeus'de- Clearly it is time, not only for a reap-
Nations Charter and under every Con- velopments may not be satisfactory? What praisal of the credibility of Messrs. McNa-
.crept of American international policy we ought to be saying is that we have the mara and Sylvester, but also for a realistic
at starts Something ShOUId most perfect anti-ICBM system that the hu- examination of an official information policy
the called nation to that etat not the United man mind will ever devise." Mr. McNamara that is widening the gap between a Govern-
United Nations. Presi- probably doesn't see any similarity in the ment and its people at a critical time in the
--be eaces but account
Stitt tactics he proposed and Nikita Khrushchev's fate of this Nation.
Johnson's advisers have sold him insistence that the Soviets have perfected
on a policy of striking blow for blow in an anti-ICBM system that can "hit a fly in Mr. MORSE. I shall read the last two
Asia but admitting to nothing the sky," but many Americans will. Mr. Syl- brief paragraphs:
Such a policy Is not oiil going to- lead nester expounded the right to tell official lies Now we have the incredible spectacle of
to disasterbut itis also an insu}tto the in his now infamous New York Deadline Club eight U.S. Air Force F-100 fighter-bombers
American people. One expects t r ad f speech (AW Dec. 17, 1962, p. 35). Although making a strike on foreign soil-the first U.S.
1~e th i y i~since Korea-and
the Soviet Union or ~ c 9~d tel 0, U 640IVU 1 o~tofsuppress this news
liberately concealing its military moves war, he has in fact adopted it as a standard and keep it from the American people.
 13828
Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP66B00 03R000200150023-7
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE - June 18
Clearly it is time, not only for a reap-
praisal of the credibility of Messrs. McNamara
and Sylvester, but also for a realistic ex-
amination of an official information policy
that is widening the gap between a govern-
ment and its people at a critical time in the
fate of this Nation.
The credibility gap is illustrated also
by the obvious misrepresentations of the
Secretary of State.in his testimony this
morning in regard to American foreign
policy in southeast Asia.
The President seems somewhat con-
cerned that more people are not rising
to the defense of his policies in South
Vietnam. I am satisfied that as more
and more American people discover the
lack of justification for America's acts
of illegality under international law in
South Vietnam, they will register more
and more protests against that policy.
Yesterday, I placed in the RECORD a
large number of communications which
I have received in opposition to the ad-
ministration's illegal course of action
in South Vietnam. A reading of them
will show that they come from all over
the United States and show a deep re-
sentment concerning our policy in Asia.
I close by pleading with my Presi-
dent once again to live up to our coun-
try's obligations under the United Na-
tions Charter, and to proceed forthwith
to file a request with the United Nations
for the United Nations to take over juris-
diction in southeast Asia. Th@ United
States should call upon the United Na-
tions to seek to establish a peacekeep-
ing corps in South Vietnam under the
canopy of the United Nations. It offers
the world the best hope of bringing an
end to the killing and the war in south-
east Asia.
I state once more to the American
people that if we continue United States
policy-and the United States must as-
sume the primary responsibility for what
Is happening in southeast Asia-we shall
rim the great danger of forcing Red
China into combat, This event could
lead to the beginning of a third world
war. Starting such a war would be to
the everlasting discredit and shame of
our country, and would result in the rest
of the world hating us for at least 500
years.
Mr. President, it is not too late for the
United States to reverse its thinking, and
proceed to bring its foreign policy within
the framework of international law; in
keeping with its obligations when We
signed the United Nations Charter,
which we are now violating section after
section.
ExHmrr 1
[Frdm the New York Times, June 18, 1964]
VIETCONG THREAT WORSE. U.S. AID IN
SAIGON SAYS
SAIGON, SOUTH VIETNAM, June 17.-A rank-
ing U.S. military adviser said today that
the Communist threat to South Vietnam
was far more serious than it had been when
he first came here nearly 3 years ago.
The Vietcong guerrillas, who control much
of the countryside, are "much better armed
and professionally more competent" today
than they were 3 years ago, he said at a news
conference before his departure for Wash-
ington.
The biggest probl
the problem of getting the Vietnamese Gov-
ernment and army to accept American ad-
vice.
He said that the quality of Vietnamese
Army personnel had improved since Presi-
dent Ngo Dinh Diem was overthrown last
November and that the effectiveness of the
Vietnamese Government forces was 50 to 100
percent better than 3 years ago.
But this rate of improvement was not
enough to win the war," he said.
HE MAY NOT BE IDENTIFUD
The officer's outspoken opinions were given
to reporters on condition that he not be
quoted by name. He was permitted to be
identified as a U.S. Army officer of the grade
of major or colonel: His comments were
similar to informal comments heard from
American military advisers in the field but
were in sharp contrast to those of official
U.S. military spokesmen in Saigon.
The Vietnamese must improve their man-
agement and direction of the war." he said.
"They need dedicated, competent leaders
and must arouse the same high degree of dis-
cipline and dedication In the armed forces
as the Vietcong have aroused among their
guerrillas.
"One of our main problems Is to get the
Vietnamese to establish some realistic pri-
orities," the officer continued. "The leader-
ship in South Vietnam thinks this war can
be settled by political means.
"Politics. corrruption. and nepoVam are
the main Vietnamese vices. Many of the
generals here have become generals through
political Intrigue and not because of their
military talent. There are too many second-
raters running the war on a provincial level."
The American said that the United States
had been trying to persuade the Vietnamese
Government to begin a coordinated national
campaign plan for 3 years, and that the Gov-
ernment finally accepted the plan only a few
months ago.
"Now we have a plan, but it still has to
be implemented," he said. "Many of the
Vietnamese officers still have done nothing
about it. They're still shadowboxing."
The officer, who has served as a senior ad-
viser on the corps level, said the Vietcong
had proved more effective than Government
troops because of the basic advantage of
surprise a guerrilla force enjoys, plus a high
sense of discipline.
"This country is right out of the Middle
Ages," he said. "The Communists have In-
troduced highly disciplined 19th-century
techniques to seize and maintain control.
The Vietcong are dedicated, they work at
their jobs 7 days a week and 24 hours a day,
and they're convinced their cause Is right
and that they will win.
"If we can arouse the same dedication
among the Vietnamese we can win this war,"
he said.
[From the New York Times, June 18, 19641
CAMBODIA SANCTUARY CHARGED
SAIGON, June 17.-A senior American mili-
tary adviser said today that Cambodia was
being used as a rest area and supply point
for the Vietcong waging war in South Viet-
nam.
The adviser. who declined to be identified.
said that although the Vietcong were bard
hit by disease and bad conditions, they got
rehabilitation, "and I know some of those
rest areas are in Cambodia."
The officer also said that 90 percent of the
guerrillas' weapons came from the U.S. mili-
tary assistance program to the South Viet-
namese Government Forces.
He pointed out that the Vietcong made ex-
pert and extensive use of mines and ex-
plosives. "They've got demolition experts,"
he said "And those explosives are coming
[Prom the New York Times, June 18, 19641
VIETCONG DarvEN Orr
DUCIIOA, SOUTH VIETNAM, June 17.-Viet-
namese gunners manning two 105-mm. how-
itzers blasted a Communist Vietcong battal-
ion from Duchoa today after the guerrillas
had all but captured this government
stronghold 10 miles west of Saigon.
The war's tempo was rising after a relative
lull for a month.
About 600 guerrillas hit Duchoa at 3:30
a.m., setting off a 3-hour battle whose sights
and sounds carried to Saigon like a thunder-
storm on the horizon. The Vietcong was
backed by mortars, recoilless rifles and ma-
chine guns.
The defenders suffered 51 casualties, in-
cluding 15 dead.
Nineteen guerrillas were known to have
been killed and U.S. advisers estimated the
Loll may have reached 50 or 80. Most of the
Vietcong casualties were carried away on
the retreat.
The artillerymen, whose two stubby,
American-made 105's helped turn the tide
at Duchoa, drew praise from an American
officer who arrived on the scene with rein-
forcements a few hours later.
Operating at times under direct attack and
shooting at point-blank range, the two gun
crews tired 322 shells in less than an hour.
"It takes a- few men with guts to hold out
in a thing like this," the U.S, adviser said.
"The Vietcong wanted to take his town.
They have been bragging about it in leaflets
for months. But they underestimated our
will to win."
Bodies of guerrillas lay in the main square
of Duchoa, a town of 7,000, where they had
been cutdowh while trying to raise a Com-
munist flag, Others, caught by a machine
gun, had fallen along a water-filled ditch.
MOST BUILDINGS NICKED
Virtually every concrete building in the
town was pockmarked with bullet holes.
Blood soaked the muddy earth around the
district chief's house, where Vietcong rifle-
men had massed for an attack on the gov-
ernment's artillery.
The guerrillas appeared to lose heart about
5 a.m. The attack slacked from then until
dawn. At 8:30 am., defenders moved out of
their positions and drew only light sniper
fire. This soon ended.
A Ranger battalion summoned from near
by checked the surrounding countryside
without finding any guerrillas.
However, six Vietnamese-two men, two
women and two children-were killed in
midmorning by a mine that wrecked a bus
on a road a mile east of Duchoa. The Viet-
cong had apparently laid the mine prior to
their attack.
MISSISSIPPI SUMMER
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I yield
myself such time as I have remaining to
me.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator may proceed.
Mr. STENNIS. The invasion of Mis-
sissippi this summer by outside racial
agitators, primarily under the so-called
Mississippi summer project, is spon-
sored by the Council of Federated Orga-
nizations-COFE. This is the official
name of the sponsoring group made up
of the following: Student Nonviolent Co-
ordinating Committee-SNICK; Coli-
gress of Racial Equality-CORE; Nation-
al Association for the Advancement of
Colored People-NAACP; and the South-
Fitt pjlip Conference-
s o r sa d, s tom ng ro ia.
 196~ Approved For~i*Q/1Q41195 ;C,-~~P66p0,,,.0r403....R000 00150023-7
The Natignal Counci1.Qf 1111yches has students, may be tempted to resume some of ject to a maximum of 6 months in jail and a
announced adoption of a_tentative budget last summer's more aggressive protest activi- $500 fine, The proposed law obviously is
of. $250,000 to support a task force which ties. No one can discount the possibility that aimed at blocking the freedom schools. But
will go to Miss~SSppi this slurlmer. The a single isolated incident of violence could State administration forces have quietly
will go to Minci1_o pi this has will pay 60 trigger large-scale rioting and disorder. buried the bill in committee on advice of
patient of the, ii above cost and the World Indeed, some here view the hot months Attorney General Joe T. Patterson that it
ahead with foreboding. "When you consider could compromise the State's defense in
Council of .Churches will pay the remain- all the forces at work, this summer could pending Federal civil rights cases.
ing 40 percent. Apparently, this money make last summer look like a birthday par- A still more important reason for believing
will be contributed--to., the overall Mis- ty," says Paul Anthony, director of field ac- Mississippi's reception of outsiders could
sis$lppi summer project, although it tivitfes of the Southern Regional Council, a prove kindlier than forecast earlier is the
Could be separate drive,, biracial organization which closely follows somewhat less militant stand in recent weeks
Nero-white relations in the South. of the Council of Federated Organizations
In this, connection, an article was pub- g
lished in the Wall. Street Journal of May ORGANIZERS ARRESTED (COFO), the group coordinating civil rights
25, 1964, written.by Burt Schoor, and en- Even now, the calm that prevails here is a by members rs t e Stu It's staffed ct Co-
titled thing. During the past 2 weeks, or mem of t of Committee udent Nonviolent Cot
titled "Mississippi Summer-State Ap- civil rights staff milit ating Comm SNCC the most
pears Ready To. Tolerate Peaceful Civil people organizing for the ( )
summer report there-have been more than militant of the major civil rights groups. COFO Rights Invasion"; also an editorial pub- 25 arrests of fleldworkers. The charges range for a for an said invasion earlier this year Mississippi was calling
lisped .ill the .S1irey sport Journal of from improper parking to arrest for investi-
pi by 2,000
March 27, 1964, entitled Mississippi Nation of auto theft. A white Antioch volunteers. SNCC Chairman John Lewis said
Marked for New Invasions" ; together with (Ohio) College student who was driving back the aim was to saturate she State with voter
an article to Jackson from a meeting in Greenwood, registration workers, cause mass arrests, and
published in. the New York force Federal intervention.
Times of June 14, 1964, written by Claude Miss., with six fellow workers, all Negroes, It appears now, however, that far fewer
Sitton ,and entitled, "South Girds for had a car breakdown in a small farming volunteers will be on hand than first antici-
Sittori town. The group split up in search of a place pated, perhaps less than 1,000. Dr. Stau
i ask unanimous consent that these to sleep. Within an hour, all were in jail ton Lynd, a histor gh
as burglary suspects and stayed behind bars loge in Atlanta y and codirector Spelman
r the fre
items may may be printed in the RECORD. until the following afternoon. schools, calculates that only the 350
some e-
There being no objection, the editorial Nevertheless, in the high-ceilinged offices vo volunteer teacherwill be that o instruct
and articles, were ordered to be printed of the State capitol here, policies appear to the approximately 1,000 local Negro teen-
in the RECORD, as follows: be taking shape that would cast Mississippi agers expected to enroll at 24 locations
[From the Wall Street Journal, May q5,19641 In a more tolerant role than that which it around the State.
MLSSrsslFr, Suz~izvlE-STATE. APPEARS READY
played under former Gov. Ross Barnett. The The youngsters, using Negro churches and
To TOLERATE I'E4cEEI7k .Qrv~i zAss 3_ IN - present Governor, Paul B. Johnson, already meeting halls, will study such topics as Negro
TA TQI,.lgr,TO 1,000 OUTSZ9ERECRuiTs To has received national attention for the our- history and the impact of race relations on
Rust FR#EDO 1.000 Our AND REGISTER prisingly conciliatory remarks on race in his Southern politics, subjects widely skirted by
NEGRO VIA-50AW -STIL$ FRAR EGISTD- inaugural address. Even more interesting public schools here. They'll also receive re-
OTERS is the speech he made to the legislature medial help in such areas as reading and
(By Burt Schoor) in March which attracted almost no notice composition. When the schools wind up in
JACKSON, M(By B assax College Sophomore outside the State. August, it's hoped students will carry on as
Susan ON, M, an assaah literature Sophomore Governor Johnson, of course, gives no in- civil rights cadres in their communities.
whom personal know}eggs of the South major dication he is about to defect from the seg- Another 600 to 700 volunteers are expected
who a ersonal not edgeofhen she was 1 stems regationist camp. His March address re- to work on other COFO projects, including
is planning to stai in Mississippi this sum, ferred to civil rights volunteers as organized one to obtain signatures of 400,000 Negroes
Is pl a m stay the sisipp civil rights revolutionaries who foment strife with the to carry to the Democratic national conven-
task force ever to converge on this unyield- aim of substituting Federal law enforcement tion as a protest against discriminatory vot-
ing State, Miss Finnel has no illusions about authority for State law enforcement author- ing barriers in the State.
what tam, lie ahead. ity. To frustrate this threat to States rights, One factor holding down the total number
"It's quite possible I will go to jail," she the Governor asked that the State police be of those accepted for civil rights work in the
gays, increased to 475 men from 275, that a train- State is the relatively small number of Ne-
However, the outlook .for Miss Finnel and ing academy for them be established and groes who have applied. "There.has been
hundreds of other out-of-Staters planning that he be given the power (which he now growing concern in SNCC that too many
to teach in Negro freedom schools la work lacks) to use the enlarged force for unre- Northern whites are doing work that should
to voter r 'istrati freedom stricted enforcement purposes.
on e
g projects may not be be left to Negroes," says a white COFO ead-
so grim. GOVERNOR WARNS VIGILANTES worker at the organization's bustling head-
There's mounting evidence here in the The bill authorizing the police changes quarters in a former Negro radio station
State's capital that Mississippi officials, rather was signed into law Friday. Another bill here,
than attempting to interfere with peaceful providing $4 million to pay for the expansion REJECTION OF WHITES?
activities of civil rights workers, will actually seems certain to win legislative approval. Some 825 applications have been received
strive to protect them inthe. Interests of Confidants of the Governor now are quietly from prospective volunteers thus far, but
preserving order-4,iiood that is spreading emphasizing that the March speech also only about 15 percent of them from Negroes.
to city and county officials elsewhere in the promised protection to Negroes and rights Thus, whites may have to be rejected to keep
State; If civi4,rights strategists here persist volunteers. "No one will have to fear the the number of Negroes on COFO field proj-
in plans to con-centrate on -voter registration rise of unlawful paramilitary or vigilante ects close to the desired 40 percent ratio.
and classrpom activities rather than street groups" once the new State police powers are "We had plans to subsidize Negro under-
demoistrations, sucha task could be simpler voted, the Governor said. This not-so-veiled graduates who often have to earn their next
than anyone envisioned a few months ago. reference is to the resurgence of night riders year's tuition by working at summer jobs,"
"We don't anticipate any trouble unless in the State's southwestern counties where says Professor Lynd. "But the funds we
they do something like they've done in Cleve- recent cross burnings and threats against were hoping to get haven't materialized as
land, or New York," says the city attorney Negroes have troubled responsible whites. yet. The proportion of whites teaching in
for an agricultural tradlpg center north of According to a reliable source here, one vigil- the schools is going to be higher than we
here where,-polioe recently permitted some ante group even telephoned a threat to Gov- thought, and from the standpoint of a thor-
200 Negroes to congregate outside the local ernor Johnson himself not long ago. oughly integrated staff as an example to the
county courthouse during a registration at- "The State police are students, it could prove disastrously high."
tempt. If they're going to conduct schools," a going to be used to
the city attorney adds, "it seems to me the protect anyone, whether white or black, na- Within COPO, a debate what roles st
burden on them to keep attendance u tive Mississippian or from out of State, as dents and teachers at the e freedom schools
ls
more than anything." p long as he's keeping the peace," maintains should play in Negro protest activities ap-
one State official here who's in a position to parently has been resolved in favor of de-
SOME CLOUDS ON THE HORIZON know. "You might have a situation where emphasizing such activities. Plans originally
While this apparent attitude of relative local officers refuse to act against our own called for students to be available for other
moderation represents a departure for Missis- people who cause violence. The Governor COFO projects during the afternoons. But
sippi, it could, be altered in coming weeks. would move in such a case."
If the civil ri hts bill the academic day now if; scheduled
g passes Congress with Another significant development here has until 5 p.m., ., leaving less time e for such work.
such run
the public accommodations section largely been the fate of a State senate bill that "There may be times when a class will feel
intact, it's expected to .arouse nearly total would require all schools to be licensed by the necessity of becoming involved in a local
resistance in many parts of this State. the local count school~p eu ~j~ (~~{~
school
Even without the im et r RNM 13@ ~ 1i $dleaid3E6 ~ I yi"~J COPfTR~he objective of
lotion, Negro youngsters ~Ih M"~ t t
tom Ig of the State of Mississippi would be banned the students will be to learn and demon-
schools, along with local and outside college and teachers at unlicensed institutions sub- strations will not be encouraged or urged."
 Approve'or Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP66B0 p3R000200150023-7
13830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE - - June 18
counties where the sight of white teachers
boarding with Negro families might be ex-
pected to stir local passions. And to help
insure that summer workers don't undertake
spur-of-the-moment protest activities, vol-
unteers are expected to attend orientation
sessions at Western College for Women, Ox-
ford, Ohio, before moving on in small groups
to assigned posts in Mississippi.
Applicants, too, are being screened by in-
terviewers, many of them college faculty
members; the National Council of Churches
hopes to recruit some 75 ministers who will
act as counselors to both volunteers and
local students in Mississippi communities.
COFO's own "guidelines for interviewing,"
cite the example of a recent volunteer who
hotheadedly insisted on working in Yazoo
City, a delta town that COFO leaders con-
sider dangerous to enter, against the advice
of his project director. He was finally as-
Signed to Jackson headquarters.
If the problem presented by this volunteer
were multiplied enough times, the guidelines
warn, the whole program could be jeopard-
ized and lives could even be lost. It adds,
"A student who seems determined to carve
his own niche and win publicity and glory
when he returns home can only have harm-
ful effects on the Mississippi program."
[From the Shreveport Journal. Mar. 27,
1964[
MISSISSIPPI MAaxmn roa NEW INVASION
Freedom schools, stressing political educa- However, in most-but not all-cases in the
tion and the humanities, will be established Deep South, the threat of violence has come
in Negro areas. The project also provides from the likelihood that demonstrations
for special community centers staged by would cause a white mob to form.
nurses, librarians, and social workers. Still The prohibition removes the target of
more ambitious is the white community potential aggression rather than the would-be
project, designed to organize poor white aggressors. Thus civil rights advocates con-
areas In order to eliminate bigotry, poverty, tend, the police are doing the work of the
and ignorance. mob and in some cases they are not less
"And, for the first time. active self-defense brutal and by far more effective.
and actual retaliation, though not officially This is by no means true of all southern
advocated, are being openly discussed. law-enforcement agencies. Some of them
"Civil rights leaders carefully weighed the have shown themselves to be well-disciplined
possible consequences of the radical changes and fair in the face of extreme provocation
before endorsing them. They knew the despite the blanket accusations made against
program would alienate some northern them.
white moderates, but they argued, and ar- AVOIDING VIOLENCE
gued rightly, there is no other way to liber- Officials show an ability and a desire to
ate Mississippi. Mississippi is the only avoid violence. This does not represent true
State where a majority of whites don't con- progress in most cases because the announced
sider desegregation 'inevitable.' Remem- method for achieving this goal is rigid en-
bering that Reconstruction lasted only 17 forcement of laws of dubious constitutional-
years. Mississippians plan to resist until the ity and the suspension, where civil rights
North again tires of crusading. workers are involved, of the guarantees of
"Central to the project is the anticipated freedom of speech and assembly.
lawlessness of Mississippi whites. The plan- Even the assurance of repressive law en-
ners reason that massive nonviolence will forcement has failed to Calm the fears of
precipitate a crisis of violence, which they whites In some areas. Much of their anxiety
consider prerequisite for further progress. results from rumor and misunderstanding.
Understandably, such candid reasoning die- But it Is nonetheless real.
In this case, however, rights and tranquillity
are not compatible."
So there you have it. There is the ex-
planation of why the National Council of
Churches is lobbying alongside the NAACP
for passage of the infamous civil rights bill
in the Senate today.
No longer content to sponsor such mild
interracial activities as its annual observ-
ance of "Race Relations Sunday," the Na-
tional Council of Churches now espouses an
integrationist movement which it expects to
end in violence.
If your church is a member of the NCC,
part of every church donation you make will
be used to finance this racial strife. Is this
Citizens of Mississippi have been warned
to expect a bloody assault upon their State
this summer by the National Council of
Churches, the World Council of Churches,
the National Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People, the Student Non-
violent Coordinating Committee and other
integrationist, race-agitating groups.
The National Council of Churches has an-
nounced It will send a "task force" of men
and money into the Mississippi Delta to wage
war on what it describes as "persistent"
poverty and racial Injustice. "Me Delta
project will call for a tentative annual
budget of $250,000, with the National Coun-
cil paying for 60 percent of the cost and the
World Council picking up the tab for the
remaining 40 percent. Officials of the Na-
tional Council of Churches are entering Into
this project with the frank acknowledgment
that they expect to become involved-on the
Negroes' side-in clashes between white and
Negro residents of Mississippi.
Complementing this racial agitation will
be what the Harvard Crimson, Harvard Uni-
versity's daily newspaper, has described as
an invasion by militant young Negroes of
the NAACP and the SNCC, In Its issue of
March 11, the Crimson attributes to Claude
Weaver, SNOC worker and Harvard student
recently released from jail in Jackson. a
statement that "Negroes might start killing
the white people in Mississippi pretty soon."
"Yes," Weaver is quoted as saying. "if
we Wanted to get a small Mau Mau going, it
wouldn't be difficult. Might be a nice sum-
mer project."
In an editorial of March 12, the Crim-
son speculates upon the coming invasion
ws:
f
ll
i
o
o
as
of Mississipp
'This Sum laet Will witness a massive, dar- grow appear less inclined to take past in the assault on white women to another that
ing, probably bloody, assault on the racial type of large-scale demonstartions that have cooks were polluting food. So rife have
barriers of Mississippi. evoked a riotous response from whites. they become that the Jackson Daily News, In
t5Fhe 19&1 plan calla for an Invasion of stocsNT PATTERN a front page editorial, has urged its readers
Over 1,000 peace Corps type volunteers, in If mass violence does take place, it is gen- to Ignore them. The tenor of thought in
order to shake Mississippi out of the Middle eraily expected to involve civil rights demon- some circles is reflected in a letter from a
Ages. strators and the police rather than white Jackson resident published subsequently by
"Where former projects concentrated on a mobs. This has been the pattern in recent that newspaper. It said in part:
specific grievance, such as voting or public months. "It Is incredibly criminal and cowardly Counc accommodations, th summer's' ggort Such outbursts usually develop from action for group calling themselves s nthe t out it
cover the whole Keg WNW ( 1rQ cr ease~?o6i "POIA4.ggbb Y940 `Pi4 -?~'hat would invite a
ated voter registration campaigns aimed at given by authorities for pro hi t g p
the November elections has already begun. Is that this is necessary to prevent violence. death-dealing shower of hot lead. Have
what you want? tional Council of Churches, the national
[From the New York Times, June 14, 19641 NAACP. the NAACP legal defense and educa-
tional fund and the National Lawyers Guild.
Sororrt GUM FOR CaZsi -MASStvx ASSAULT ON Approximately 700 student volunteers
RACIAL BARRIERS PLANNED FOR THIS SUMMER from throughout the Nation are scheduled
CRrATrs ATMOSPHERE OF TENSION to begin arriving by June 22 after under-
(By Claude Sitton) going orientation at Western College for
JACKSON, Miss., June 13.-Whites and Women at Oxford, Ohio.
Negroes in the Deep South are braced for the The atmosphere that has developed among
social upheaval that they see as the inevitable whites in advance of this influx resembles
accompaniment to a summer-long civil rights that pervading the State before the desegre-
campaign. But the outcome may be far less gation of the University of Mississippi.
violent than either side is now predicting and Whites refer to it as "the invasion." More
considerably more inconclusive. than a score of new laws have been passed
The potential for serious conflict already to combat it. The strength of the State
has been demonstrated at such widely asp- highway patrol has been almost doubled and
arate points as St. Augustine, Fla., and Can- Gov. Paul B. Johnson, Jr., has been given
ton, MISS. Intermittent terrorism plagues authority to employ troopers anywhere.
some Other areas of southwestern
to be developing else- have addeand city law d new men enforcement
crises appear where have developed riot-trained auxiliary units.
.
The plans of civil rights advocates for this vrcn.ANTE GROUPS
massive assault on racial barriers and the Vigilante groups have sprung up across
preparations of their opponents surpass any- central and southern Mississippi. The
thing seen in the decade since the Supreme State's long-dormant Ku Klux Klan has ex-
Court's ruling against public school segrega- perienced a resurgence.
lion. In recent weeks, countless rumors have
However, some important differences from been circulating. These spurious reports
the pattern of the past have emerged. Ne- range from one involving a planned mass
apprehension is reflected in the reaction or
many white Mississippians to the coming
freedom summer operation. The project
calls for a statewide program of voter reg-
istration drives, special academic training for
Negro youths, adult citizenship classes, po-
litical action, a survey of the State's political
and economic structure and a study of white
attitudes.
SUPPORT ExPECTED
It is largely the brainchild of the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which is
working with local chapters of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored
People, the Congress of Racial Equality and
the Southern Christian Leadership Confer-
 Approved For BB 5/0?/05 : CIA-ROP66BOO403R( 00150023-7
196 --?~ G~IONAL RECORD -SENATE 13831
these Marxist-manner, ed ministers who plan sent to the Birmingham, Ala., vicinity. ing them to give protection to those going to
to flood our State. with their guerrillas never He did this in spite of assurances by Mississippi this summer, as a part of the so-
heard of the Scripture, which warns, What- State officials called summer soever ye sow 'that shall?ye also reap?' We that the local authorities project.
are glad that they served notice of their were capable of handling the distur- The minister who conducted the interview
created as the result 0 the pro- did not even try to conceal his glee and'en-
Intention to bath6 us iri blg bances
pd otherwise- we thusiasim that a State of this Union was to
might not have been ready for our bath." vocative activities of outside agitators be invaded this summer like it was some
Elsewhere in' the Deep South, reaction during the 2 days prior to that time. foreign country and we were in the midst of
to the suIn er, eainiia n has followed more The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. RIBI- all-out war. He took up the call and urged
conventional lines-increased police prepa- COFF in the chair). The time of the Seli- his television audience to write to the Presi-
ration, more frequent gatherings of the Ku ator from Mississippi has expired dent and the Attorney General and insist %
Klux Klan and similar organizations and a hat these people be protected.
barrage of statements from white leaders Mr. STENNIS. Mr. Presiden.t, I ask
against, civil rights workers. unanimous consent to have the remain.
ern i,ouisfana, der of the remarks was ordered to be Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, the
The Reverend D
I I Martin .Luther King, Jr., printed in the RECORD, as follows: time for decision is at hand. State-
and his Southern, Christian, Leadership Con- At that time, on May 21, 1963, I addressed ments have been made and credible evi-
ference are pressing a drive against discrimi- donee has been presented to indicate that
nation in public accommodations.-.and em- the Senate and pointed out, as follows: -
ployinent at St. Augustine. While nd At- "The pattern of activities is clear. The we are moving much more rapidly to-
e At m- move into a peaceful community, ward a conclusion on the civil rights
lai to integration leader has vowed th
remaln
there ntil-aiaior progress is achieved, ob- hold meetings, make speeches, organize dem- issue than many of us would have eX-
server~g belieye the chic,focus of the SCLC onstrations, and otherwise play upon the petted only a few days ago.
sew soon shift to Alabama emotions of both races and excite them to a Mr. President, I shall vote for the bill
} rRixoilx aBzES. v ~'. fever pitch. The actions almost inevitably now pending before the Senate. I have
produce a powder keg situation in which
Dr.- King's aids'are now recruiting volun- riots, violence, and even bloodshed become come to the conclusion and the convic-
toots for so called freedom, armies. InBir- almost inevitable. tion that it is a moderate bill, one which
mingham and Montgomery, Ala. The absence "When this point is reached it then be- holds great promise of substantial ac-
of mass demonstrations in those cities and comes necessary for the local law enforce- complishment in this troubled area of
the relatively small turnout for the St. ment officials to take action to maintain law 'human relationships.
Augustine protests seem to reflect a lack of and order. The actions of the law officers Mr. President, I voted for cloture. I
enthusiasm for this tactic. in putting down the disturbances result in did so with some degree of reluctance
TI>e, dongress of Racial Equality has estab- appeals to Washington for Federal interven-
ebfd-
lished a headquarters in New Orleans under tion. These appeals-regardless of the mer- ing because belief in the I have an
Richard Haley,_its associate national direc- its-all too often receive a preconceived and he validity of free debate
tor, to'supervise the Louisiana -campaign. It sympathetic response." in the Senate. We dwell too much, it
plans to put 48 workers Into the field to Already these racial zealots are making seems to me, in these times, when the
organize voter registration drives-and other their move which they hope will lead to the filibuster is considered only in terms of
projects in addition to,tllose_already under- military occupation this summer of Missis- civil rights; but in many glorious days
way. sippi and, perhaps, other Southern States, of the past the right of unlimited debate
The NAACP and th N,A,ACP legal defense They have announced an elaborate so-called in the Senate on other progressive issues
and eslucatignal Lund, will continue their Mississippi summer project with plans to has meant much for the welfare of the
work throughout the region and provide as- recruit and import young college students
sistance to the, other organizations in_ the of both races into Mississippi, ostensibly for country.
concelttratedrcampagn in the Deep South, the purpose of helping to educate Mississippi I voted for cloture only when the time
Various registration drives sponsored by the Negroes and to assist them in complying with came when I believed everything which
Southern Regional Council voter education the requirements of law in order to register needed to be said about the bill had been
project will be carried on without letup. to vote. Perhaps the young people who have said. If I had been invited to cast a vote
Needless to, say, passage of the civil rights so anxiously accepted this challenging as- to break that filibuster at the end of a
bill now beforg the Senate will have little signment honestly feel that they have en- month's debate, I should have rejected it
effect on the. summer's events in these areas listed In a worthy cause. But they are sad- because I did not believe at that time
of bitter-end resistance to racial change. ly mistaken. They are being used. They that the subject had been fully dis-
This may not be true of. the South as a are being used as a tool in a much broader
whole, however, plan which those in charge hope will result cussed-even though to many- the dis-
'The outlook in other areas of the region in the complete takeover of Mississippi by cession had seemed to be reasonably
is summed up, perhaps, in a remark by the Federal Government. adequate.
Burke Marshall, chief of the Justice De- Already they have had meetings here in I believe it is pertinent to note, as SO
partment's,Ciyil Rights Division. Washington, attempting to build up public many before me have noted, that Sena-
14AssivE RESISTANCE support for the sending of troops to Missis- tors in opposition to the bill were always
"A great deal of emphasis now is on the sippi for the so-called purpose of protecting germane in their arguments against it.
problems that people see for the summer," the swarm of recruits being sent to Missis-
he said. , "> ut I think that in, contrast to sippi to hold these meetings. Regardless of cu Side issues epos brought er for lily
the -massive resistance of. the summers of the announced purpose of this excursion, cession. The opposition centered solely
195t and 1955, this is going to be a summer these groups will move into peaceful Missis- and exclusively upon the issue at hand.
of massive compliance with the new civil )sippi communities, conduct meetings, make That issue was exhaustively explored,
rights law, especially the public accommoda- speeches, stir up the local citizens of both and when the time came to vote on
tions section." races, and otherwise provoke and incite in- whether cloture should be imposed, it
It remains to be seen whether this optim- cidents and trouble. seemed clear to me that an affirmative
ism is justified. Much will depend upon the Already Members of Congress have fallen vote was not out of order, and I cast my
leadership provided by President Johnson, for this scheme. They have taken the bait.
the debate?a the outcome of the Presi- They have made public statements calling on vote accordingly.
dential campaign and the success of efforts the President to assure protection to these I have been reluctant to vote for c lo-
to end discrimination the
vio- people going to Mississippi this summer. By ture for the reason that I have already
lence outside the South, protection I assume they want troops. mentioned-namely, the belief that un-
Probai~ly the best that can be hoped for Already some ministers are busy. I was limited debate has been useful, helpful,
realistically the the Dt South's pockets of appalled to see on a Washington television and even important in the past history
defiance until these hurdles are.. cleared is a station Sunday morning, June 14, a locally of our Nation,
peaceful staiemate. There can be no sub- produced program sponsored by the National
stantial cef u stall Capital Council of Churches. The minister I freely confess that I have been
lasting progress here so long as who served as moderator interviewed several against cloture philosophically, because
whites see signs of hope elsewhere that the people, two of whom have enlisted in the I come from a State with a small popu-
Nation will eventually tire of the civil rights army of zealots going to Mississippi this lation, and freedom of debate for such
Controversy and leave them to resolve the summer. The other person interviewed was States is, as it always has been, of ut-
issue in their own way, as was done in 1877. a Negro who bragged about the fact that he
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President ~~bbou was a veteran of the so-called freedom ride most consequence. 'ved a year agog on May 1~ 3Sb? >I'i0 e d 1" st @~1t~ 66BO04013Q2D~9~O0 my period of
dent of the United States entered an or- wn tom ash ton to Nashville, to service ere to vote, ever, for a proposal
der directing that approximately Montgomery, and to Jackson, Miss. He said which would bring cloture into effect by
3,000 that others could help by writing to the a simple majority vote. Let the Senate
specially trained riot-control troops be Attorney General and the President and Ilea- ramei' - +H- ,.r,. -.------ -- . .
 13832
Approved For Release 2005/01/05: CIA-RDP66B00403R0002001500)3-7
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE -June .18
in the world, so far as my knowledge cause they fought a great fight, and I citizen equal in every way, my decision
runs, where the minority can make its honor them for their valor in their fight, long since was made to vote for the bill.
voice heard effectively; this is my un- even though I was obliged to be on the
COMMENCEMENT AD-
changeable opinion. opposite side.
However that may be, the issue is now My own State of Alaska has laws In- COMMENT BY ON COMMENCEMENT
S. CAM-
squarely joined. As I said at the outset, tended to provide equality among the DRESS ~N PRESIDENT CHARLES S. CAM-*, OF the time for decision is near. More races. Those laws have been in effect for
properly and more factually, perhaps, I about a quarter of a century. They MANN MEDICAL COLLEGE, TO
should have said that the time to record have brought vast improvements. Very GRADUATING CLASS
that decision is close upon us, for I. am few cases arising from those laws have Mrs. SMITH. Mr. President, I yield
sure each Senator has already decided gone to court. The mere presence of myself 2 minutes.
and Is ready to register that decision. the laws on the books of the then Ter- It was my privilege to attend the
That time will come tonight or tomor- ritory and now State of Alaska has suf- commencement exercises of Hahnemann
row. One need not be a prophet to pre- field to improve conditions which in Medical College in Philadelphia on June
dict that the bill will be passed by the many cases were urgently in need of 4, 1964, and the 117th of its long and
Senate. I shall not go into exhaustive improvement. distinguished history. This great medi-
consideration of all my reasons for vot- I do not assert that those laws have cal institution has given to the world
ing for the bill. But one reason I do provided all the beneficial results that 7,200 doctors as graduates from its
wish to state specifically, because it has we should desire in the field of human course.
been mentioned on the floor of the Sen- relationships. They have not. Neither The president of Hahnemann Medical
ate this afternoon and has been men- will the bill upon which we are now act- College-Dr. Charles S. Cameron-is a
tioned numberless times heretofore. ing do that. most remarkable man of deep under-
pose of the principal reasons why I pro- A century ago the foundation was laid monding. He has the kind of under-
pose to vote for the bill is that it con- for equal treatment of Americans of standing that all het kin could wel-
tams a public accommodations section. whatever race. That foundation crum- emulate. He projected that understand-
I believe that to be an arch stone of the bled and virtually disappeared. This bill ing in his charge to the members of the
bill. seeks to reestablish it, to build It strong graduating class.
I am a member of the Commerce and to build it sure, so that upon it can was especially struck by the tone and
made tone and
Committee, For several weeks the Com- be erected the kind of edifice of respect I of the charge struck
merce Committee held hearings upon a for every American citizen that all of us spirit ofse it involved tthe
he
and involved the
separate public accommodations bill be- should desire. field graduating e medical class-because
fore that part of the civil rights bill was It will provide a blueprint, at least, for This afield on which I have research.
n-
put into the so-called package. At that the future. This a legislative appropriation conce
efforts
time I became persuaded and was left We shall have racial difficulties after for a now.
with no doubt whatever that such a Fed- the bill is signed Into law. Let us not his charge
eral act is not only justified, but neces- deceive ourselves about that. President erv Cameron the prefaced e at medical
sary. This bill will not be a cure-all. How- with th observations
discoveries andtions of applications gre of d cal
I have one memory that abides with ever, it represents a significant step for-
me out of many, one that impressed it- discoveries in the comparatively recent
ward. In my judgment. I do not fear, as past-the products of medical research
self particularly upon me during the
Commerce Committee hearings. That some apparently fear, that it will place and medical science-such as penicillin,
within the Federal Government vast antibiotics, antihypersensitive or anti-
a Negro war when Mr. Roy Wilkins, - powers that will cause the Federal Gov- coagulant drugs, cortisone, antihista-
intelligent, well dressed, and known nown per- ernment to become a police state. mines, tetanus toxoid, polio vaccine,
sonally by many Senators-came before Let us remember that we are the Fed- tranquilizing drugs, heart surgery.
the committee and described the agonies eral Government. The Federal Govern- He then observed that "this unprec-
and embarrassments his wife and he sent is not operated by tyrants whose edented measure of mastery over illness
ered aetrns while they wuro seeking to make capital place is in some distant land, is not without one important hazard-
transcontinental automobile trip, whose officers care nothing about the the displacement-downgrading might
of be 'that sort p n to none not this per- American people, and whose aim Is only be a better word-the downgrading of
y anyone in this there to oppress them and beat them down and the art of medicine at the hand of
try. to h made up mind
I should I mdo my part hen and there trample them under foot. Indeed not. science."
sthe my pato prevent its hap- In many cases the same people who have Then he made his telling point that
peeing in ofu. written me opposing the bill we are now with all of this great advance in medical
I do not know whether the desired considering, because they said it would research and science, still the most im-
con- mean a police state in this country and portant factor is for the doctors to have
will changes law, but come Ihammie absolutely the
v a- give the Federal bureaucracy untram- a deep feeling for their patients-to have
sinchieeld d that that the situation will be vastly meled rights to do that which It pleases a heart for their patients rather than
improved, and soon. all over the land, have also written me taking a completely detached scientific
I d not wish to c these remarks urgently suggesting that the Federal attitude toward patients and letting
withou ut alluding to the the Senators from Government be given some vast new medical science do the job. He put it
the South who haav opposed the bill. powers which would make life more lei- most eloquently in saying:
For these men I have great respect, r surely and more comfortable and more The art of medicine is the heart of medi-had entered dat that respect long before I ever profitable for them. tine, and to be more specific it is the heart
the patie shy tth is
shall continue to ehave tab In my judg- So we operate In this Republic under of thefee d gtor. I is beyond
went, although they were badly out- a democratic form of government. The eis, srry for mpathy-feeling with the patient. It is
numbered, although their army was nu- Federal Government, in the long run, giving something of your spirit as well as
mericallq_ very Inferior to the one that does exactly what the majority of the something in the ampole. Empathy will not
opposed them, they fought valiantly and people, operating through their Congress, cure pneumonia as effectively as penicillin
well and cleanly. They represented desire to have done. The evidence is will, but there are components of every ill-
what they considered to be the best in- clear that in the present situation a large near which it alone will manage. Recognize t is
d will- terests of their constituents. They have majority of the American people desire it for the good hoed ici n its s andce winlways
a deep belief, in my opinion, in the valid- legislation on civil rights in the hope and b utno yematter ars to came.
ity of the arguments they presented to belief that the passage of the bill will
the Senate. To them I wish only to say improve racial relationships. Mr. President, I recommend the words
that even if they and TI should differ on I concur in that judgment. Because of Dr. Cameron to all medical scien-
this particular issue, I want them to of that concurrence, and because I so tists, researchers, alai Institutes doctors. of Health
know that I thinkA lrfWe 1 Oe 1e11S 12 ,~ t1 0 002B1 Oe2 d these words of
patriotic citizens. _ They are men now ce
of vision, of rare ability. For their we ought to do to make every American Dr. Cameron-and I particularly ca