THE WAR IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200150016-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: June 23, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

_,..,Approved For Rdlispise 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP66B00403ROW200150016-5
/964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
ence, printed in the subcommittee
hearings, be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
ere 'being no objecton, the corre-
?,
spondence waS ordered Co be printed in
the RECORD as follows:
SrxciAt. DONABLE PROPERTY SUBCOM-
urra-rsz" dr Tars COMMITTEE ON
GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS,
Washington, D.C., July 9, 1962.
Hon. IVAN NESTINGEN,
Under Secretary, Department of Health, Edu-
cation, and Welfare, Washington, D.C.
DEAR Ma. SECRETARY /t has come to my
attention that The Symington subcommittee
on the stockpile is considering the Introduc-
tion of a bill which would permit the use
of surplus stockpile materials in AIID pro-
grams and also for Federal use. It is my
understanding that many of the materials,
especially metals, in the stockpile could well
be used in certain _of our educational in-
stitutions_for yaTI011s purposes.
The legal opinion from GSA is to the ef-
fect that Surplus stockpile material is not
donable 1.1)Ider they provisions of section 203
(j) of the Federal Froperty and Administra-
tive Services Act. / would t.herefore,appre-
elate your views as to whether or not it
would be worthwhile to propose 'legislation
to make some of the surplus stockpile ma-
terial available for educational purposes.
Sincerely yours,
? JoHri S. MONAGAN,
Chairman, Special
Subcommittee on Donable Property.
DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH. EDUCATION, AND WELFARE,
? Washington, July 26, 1962.
Hon. JOHN S. MONAGAN,
Chairman, Special Subcommittee on Donable
Property, House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. MONAGAN: On July 13 we replied
to your letter of July 9 concerning the use
of surplus stockpile materials as donable
surplus property.
We have reviewed the situation with edu-
cational authorities to ascertain which items
could be effectively utilized by schools, col-
leges, and universities. This review shows
that selected materials could be used in in-
structional programs at different levels.
Others might be used in special research and
development activities in colleges and uni-
versities; still others might be used in the
general plant maintenance and operation
programs of schools and colleges. The table
which follows gives illustrative examples of
some of these materials and the potential
uses for them in these areas.
Strategic material
Potential uses in?
Instructional program
Research
program,
colleges and
universities
Plant oper-
ation and
maintenance
program
Elementary
and second-
ary schools
Colleges and
universities
Asbestos. ,
Copper
X _
X
x.
x.
Corundum
X
x.
Diamond di -
Feathers and down? ,
Graphite_
X
x.
x.
x.
Iodine
Manganese dioxide
Mercury
Pyrethrum
X
Ruby
Selenium__
Shellac
X
Some illustrative examples of specific us-
ages of these materials in the four areas are
outlined below.
1. Laboratory instruction:
Mercury: Used in chemistry and physics
laboratories for a number of purposes, such
as the measurement of low atInespheric pres-
sures,_ chemical reactions, and various lab-
oratory instruments.
Quartz crystals: Used in physics labora-
tories for the generation and detection of
high frequency and electromagnetic radia-
tion.
2. Shop training:
Diamond dies,: Useful in numerous types
of grinding and cutting operations.
Shellac: Not only used in plant opera-
tion and maintenance (separate category
above), but also in shop training (cabinets,
boats, models, etc.).
8. Research:
Ruby: basic ingredient in very new de-
velopment of ruby masers which are ex-
tremely powerful beams of light, the numer-
ous applications of which are still the sub-
ject of much research.
Selenium: One of elements used in doping
crystals of germanium and silicon for pro-
ducing semiconductors. These form basis
of all types of transistors and junction de-
vices.
4. Operation and maintenance of plants:
Feathers: A natural product ?rgbably.,rer
quiring no further APPtilliV z a. FiNfflie
be useful to any institution responsible for
housing programs.
5. Operation of hospitals and clinics:
Iodine; Useful not only in chemistry lab-
oratory instruction (separate category
above), but also, in more refined form, in
hospital treatment of wounds, etc.
The extent to which these materials could
be used and the amounts which might be
required cannot be predicted at this time for
several reasons;
(a) The degree of refinement of the stock-
pile materials is not clearly indicated in the
report available to us, making it difficult to
determine if a particular material would be
usable in the form in which it would be
made available to the schools and colleges;
(b) Instructional programs, curriculums,
and teaching methods of schools and col-
leges are undergoing extensive revisions at
the present time; and
(a) Many of the research and develop-
ment programs of colleges and universities
are restricted or classified. Information on
needed materials is available only from the
directors of these activities. (This will take
time.)
Since more specific information on. the
types and quantities of strategic materials
which could be used by schools and colleges
is advisable, we will continue our inquiries.
However, on the basis of the information
available, it is apparent that many of the
items in the stockpile are needed in health
and Azglacigaieursasykatdiso
tion to eligible health and educational do-
nees on the same basis as provided in pres-
14301
ent programs for other Federal surplus prop-
erty.
Sincerely yours,
IvAN A. NESTINGEN,
Under Secretary.
Mr. METCALF, Mr. President, ma-
terial in the stockpile is being sought by
educational institutions. Mercury is an
example.
Last year, it appeared for a time that
52,000 flasks of mercury, each weighing
some 76 pounds, and acquired at a total
cost of more than $12.2 million, might
be excess to need, and might be available
under the donable surplus property pro-
gram. Before it was finally decided to
place that mercury in the stockpile, col-
leges and universities in 35 States had
applied for more than the total amount
available.
Mr. President, adoption of my amend-
ment would be in the public interest in
education and health, in industry, and
-economic development. Public property,
bought with public funds to meet a pub-
lic need, is worth much more to public
institutions than it is to junk dealers.
The donable surplus property program
has provided our hard-pressed schools
and hospitals with land and equipment
they could not have afforded. It has
-helped to educate our youngsters and to
care for the sick and injured. Modifi-
cation of surplus equipment for class-
room use has challenged the students,
and also the teachers, who thereby also
were instructed. The program has stim-
ulated research in the national interest.
In many cases, research has led to pro-
duction contracts, profitable to the
school and the surrounding business
community. The program has created
new markets?for experience has shown
that a research program, begun with do-
nated material, does not end when that
material is gone. Rather, the institu-
tion goes into the open market and buys
new MateriAl.... The donable surplus
property program has been an outstand-
ing success. It should be extended to
include material in the stockpile found
to be surplus to present need.
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
THE WAR IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I shall
not speak at great length.
Whenever I listen to a Member of the
Senate attempt to rationalize the U.S.
outlawry in southeast Asia, I propose to
register my dissent.
Mr. President, as I said earlier, the
Senator from Idaho [Mr. CHURCH] made
a historic speech this afternoon on the
United Nations. It was a speech that
needed to be made.
I am sorry that he marred his speech
at the end in his colloquy with the Sen-
ator from Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGHT],
the chairman of the Committee on For-
eign Relations, for, if I understood him
correctly, he underwrote as a present
policy the making of war in southeast
Asia by the United States.
Mr. President, I not only disagree with
that part of the speech of the Senator
3R00 02001 5{1G1i6s supported by the
Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. PELL],
with whom I also disagree, but I thor-
Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200150111f,.
1a02 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE June 23
oughly disagree with the chairman of
the Foreign Relations Committee, the
Senator from Arkansas [Mr. FTJLERIGHT1,
on whose committee I have the privilege
of serving. In my judgment the chair-
man of the Foreign Relations Committee
talked in terms of myths, although he
seems to be against myths in American
foreign policy. How in the world the
chairman of the Foreign Relations Com-
mittee thinks that we can continue to
violate one obligation after another un-
der the U.N. Charter and violate our
obligations under the Geneva accords,
and preserve the United Nations as a
force for keeping peace in the world, I
am at a loss to understand. How the
chairman of the Foreign Relations Com-
mittee can think that the United States
can make war in southeast Asia in viola-
tion of our international law obligations
and expect the United Nations to sur-
vive, I am at a loss to understand.
I wish to recapitulate these points very
Quickly for the RECORD, for under articles
2i.21.2S111, =TIT, and XLI, of the
United Nations Charter, as I have pointed
out in a series of speeches on interna-
tional obligations on the floor of the
Senate for the last several weeks, the
United States has the clear treaty duty
to take the southeast Asia crisis to the
United Nations. Instead we have
walked out on the United Nations. By
walking out on the United Nations, by
committing acts of war, the United
States will go down in history as a coun-
try that helped scuttle the United Na-
tions, unless we proceed without further
-delay to rebuild the United Nations. The
United Nations is much weaker today
than it was 90 days ago. It is much
weaker today than it was 90 days ago
because of the United States. I am at a
loss to understand why we have played
into the hands of the Communists. I
am at a loss to understand why we have
walked out on our professed ideals about
wishing to substitute the rule of law for
the jungle law of military force. It is
still a jungle law of military force when
It is the U.S. military force as much as
in the case of Red China, Red Russia, or
any other power in the world.
We started to pave the way for the
Inexcusable position in which the United
States is now occupying itself in world
affairs when John Foster Dulles, back in
1954, decided not to sign the first Geneva
accord, and then persuaded South Viet-
nam not to sign it. Then the United
States set up its protectorate in South
Vietnam. The United States set up its
puppet government in South Vietnam.
Do we think that the world does not
know it? We are in no better position
in South Vietnam than Red Russia is in
East Germany. We have no more right
to follow the course of action we are
following in South Vietnam than Red
Russia has to follow the course of action
she is following in East Germany. We
are making war. We profess to be seek-
ing peace.
I was shocked to hear the chairman
of the Foreign Relations Committee, who
made a speech not so lorix,agtai
-el
policy myths, propoundrEffe ill ?
that the United States stands for peace,
and in order to preserve it, we are going up as the policeman of the world to en-
to make war. That is pure nonsense. force the Geneva accords, particularly
Mr. President, John Foster Dulles also when we have already been found guilty
created a paper tiger known as SEATO. of violating the Geneva accords ourselves.
It is pretty well so recognized now. Stria- For the Geneva accords set up a so-called
berger, the editor of the New York Times, neutral commission to police them and
wrote in a column not so long ago?and to point out to the world their violations.
I used it in argument previously here on The interesting thing is that that neutral
the floor of the Senate?that in a confer- commission found North Vietnam a
ence he had with John Foster Dulles, violator of the Geneva accords and South
one of the reasons assigned for our tak- Vietnam a violator of the Geneva ac-
ing the course of action we took in regard cords. The basis on which it found
to SEATO was to give us what John South Vietnam a violator of the Geneva
Foster Dulles thought would be a legal accords was its accepting American mili-
right to follow the course of action that tary assistance and American military
we followed in South Vietnam. personnel in violation of the prohibitions
But, of course, it did not give us that of the Geneva accords.
legal right. If the United States were That is why I am charging my Gov-
taken before the World Court on any ernment, with sadness, of being in viola-
phase of this problem, I am satisfied that tion of international law in South Viet-
we would lose a unanimous decision, be- nam. It is not pleasant to make that
cause we are dead wrong. charge, but I think there is still a fight-
Mr. President, who created the paper ing chance of preserving the peace, and
tiger known as the SEATO. and who per- we do not support the best interests of
suaded Australia. New Zealand, Pakistan, our country by supporting this adminis-
Thailand, the Philippines, France, and tration's program in South Vietnam.
Great Britain to sign it? It is the brain- An interesting statement was made
child of John Foster Dulles. That treaty by the majority whip [Mr. HUMPHREY),
created what is known In international and I told him I would answer him. He
law as a protocol agreement. That is said he is against the escalation of war in
what our administration is constantly southeast Asia, and he is satisfied the
relying upon. Not so long ago the Pres- administration is against it, too. He
ident said that he felt all the legal au- could not be more wrong, for the program
thority he needed?I paraphrase him, but of this administration is headed toward
accurately?was the SEATO treaty. The the escalation of war in southeast Asia,
SEATO treaty does not give Lyndon B. and we have already done it to a serious
Johnson one iota of right to make war degree.
in South Vietnam in the absence of a Under article IV of the Geneva se-
declaration of war. The President of the cord, we had no right to drop a single
United States is violating the Constitu- bomb on Laos. But we did. It was an
tion every hour that he proceeds to make act of war. It would be found to be an
war in South Vietnam. The Constitution act of war by any international juridical
does not give the President of the United tribunal that tried us. We would be
States the power to make war. That found guilty.
power happens to be vested in the Con- This country has violated the borders
gress of the United States. But I say of Cambodia. I have been advised by
most respectfully, but critically that too military personnel that we have also
many of my colleagues are ducking, found it convenient, by accident, so-
weaving, and hedging on this problem called, to violate the borders of North
They are not facing their responsi- Vietnam.
bilities, born of the oath that they took Mr. President, the blueprint exists to
when they came into this body. We are escalate the war unless southeast Asia
making war in South Vietnam, and we does the United States' bidding.
are making it unconstitutionally. We I am also interested in the talk we have
are killing American boys illegally. The heard about our having no ambition or
number that we have killed thus far is a desire for a square inch of territory; that
small number compared with the tens of we seek no colony. But back of it, Mr.
thousands that we shall kill if we do not President, is a determination for eco-
stop this administration's course of ac- nomtc and military control of southeast
tion in southeast Asia. Asia.
The American people apparently will Before the week is over, or in the first
have choices between degrees next No- part of next week, I expect to make a
vember. They will have the choice be- speech that I am now preparing, based
tween a slower-paced Democratic war upon research, as to the economic oh-
and a faster-paced Republican war. jectives and the economic operations of
Mr. President, it is a sad thing that we the United States in southeast Asia. The
have not officially called for a SEATO facts about our economic plans pierce the
meeting and put it up to our alleged balloon about the motives of the United
allies who have welshed on us in regard States in southeast Asia.
to the protocol agreement involvaig Mr. President, we are scuttling the
South Vietnam. United Nations by this course of action.
One of the saddest things is the con- I do not know how in the world we think
stant reference by the leaders of this we can have much influence against Rus-
Government to the fact that North Viet- sia in the future as she violates treaties
nam, Laos, and Red China are Violating by pleading that the United Nations ex-
the Geneva accords; and so they are. ercise jurisdiction against Russia's vi-
They ought to be held to an accounting. lations of international law. What we
grigqigttAfitt.6=XIAMOdblih" 146' 4e-Ca I do not
action by the United States setting itself propose tonight; that the United States
rrived For Re 6 2005101105 : 1A-RDP66B00403Rdint00150016-5
19 6 4 attStOkAt PtC0411.15 11303'
pull up Stakeg ana get ent'eftielith Viet-
nare,7-11kfthere-IS all the difference in
the WeirdhetrveeiraTregraffilliat--seeks
to Make keiCeana. a pro-gramThat seeks
to, Make war.
froiri-Tdaho pointed
out, the Vidcerig are 'supposed to have
,
Seine' 2$,_000 members. The Govern-
MOrit of 4Outh-retnanfliiiidt least-41M,-
.1)0 0 treene- '-teilth-Vieffilin -hag- 15
. -
illaj
- Ple7 Ti there-is a situation in
which 460,000 South
"eli
13'4i.lti 71474 troops and more than $51/2
1: lttejj:s4e4i:Olari military South
Vie .
4 t9 " cannot control Vietcong,
w . *Tin t possibly - hone-to -
the t
e bfli_i)oiiring_ in Ainerican
? - do :KlOt Pre-liege- to let the people
fg
dinoirni
t or the American peopl _ i
h__
prance sacrificed rrena
'nred" in 'a% billion to help France
C136boys fri the Indohesian war, and we
9riduct that w_ ay.Ffiienly_,, ethhe jberve_nienh_ ,
people pulled downt ren
. Inent a.04 iat:Cthey-had-had enough.
We -44:6?n 9 are
'a Major -War , an we
g to lose we get hogged
licibe*aketoward s-Vell ,9var with-hundreds
of thounds of Anierleari bays
as the Senatorlinintclahnraised
)the queijit'astie When We get through with
thp AAM4,7, victory what then?- What
wtll w& have 'Won'? NOVal ever Pre.=
dlieed-::,!ea-Ce-.--Wlieri' are wriand to
learntha r Oaf lesson -7e:4,re,_spii:i'g to
be forced, tO Use nu
to We
get into 'a Major War in that area, and
' thereby earn, deservedly, the hatred of
nianklnd_:?'fOr,,:deeadeS, -ft04,4-6s::to
_pone, ?I
' ire w going to 4d- attoi- we get
a Military ',VICterYfrn my judgment, It
the hest assurance for a bankrupt
-Ameri-ean natien, for we Will not only
be `hied White in tip* 015100 butwe
944 be. filed WhiteIn terms of financial
roordot, - ? ?:
,c_?64-0:4 to stop i thinking *o-oan.`set--
otirgeltes_up as the enforcement offleer
?the world Eiii4 police it. We dO not
haye,theirianpower, to begin with. Nei-
' ther does t4o;, trnitoa'Statee::-4fp-tuofinancial resprces.
.,
- - -
clos-oL
pletelk disagree with the majority; Whin
.[Mr. I-po;kEi#4-01- other_Sena- _
tors who_.beSpeke in fairer ofthe aPPoinf.mnt of er General aYler as AMhassad
. , , . _ ?
to Saigon.
W-04* th41-
r?
ex41 tatIcir Is net a deprge-kaigliall.-
., General Tp,$10 is not a Orailley. He is
rOt eypon ttkor,o19,0.-. zoloi
Is the imp who, not ?O *P4-.17.?.3:74rs 4g0,7
urged the use of nuclear weapons if we
got MO trouble WithOnsala Oyer Serlin?
which Means :he as w read'i "4i Start
nuclear var._ l'Iderieraillr,jayleFfuld-beeri
one of the arcl-i.itectS;:a1.911,g. with MCNa-
mara, Of lyellaznara's war inSOUthViet-
General, 7*,,,V101--hal been one of
those ,Whp..has,.heeh ,k011eykinf course
of Said in his presence'
? this PlOr/i, and in that Of the Score-
047 Of /Se ense also, will lead us Straight
Into a major war with Asia if the _pro-
gram IS not StOppetii3proVe'd For Rele-a
As I.A0tfarli0.1th_1$ afternoon, I can-
. ,
not. think o greater mistakefor
dent o nson to ma e than to appom
a general who has been one of the war-
making architects in South Vietnam as
our Ambassador to South Vietnam.
We have an indfration of what is going
to happen already. We see which way
the wind is blowing. His nomination
will be confirmed in the Senate. But it
will not be confirmed with the vote of
the senior Senator from Oregon.
A great civilian Democrat should have
undre s of thousands of our boys un-
justifiably and needlessly, I shall con-
tinue to do what I can to plead for peace.
I suggest that if we really mean all
the things that have been said this after-
noon about the United Nations, then we
ought to start supporting the United Na-
tions. I say to the chairman of the For-
eign Relations Committee that he ought
to be supporting the position that some
of us have taken now for many weeks,
been appointed Ambassador to ? South asking that the United States lay the
Vietnam, demonstrating to the world crisis before the Security Council. And
that, after all, this *country, in the field if it is vetoed by Red Russia, which I
of foreign policy, is run by civilians, and think it probably would be, then we
not by the Pentagon Building, should call for an extraordinary session
For months now the Pentagon has of the General Assembly of the United
? functioned as Secretary of State, and Nations and let the other nations of the
Dean Rusk has functioned as the Penta- world join in passing on what course of
gon's flunkey. For months American action ought to be followed in South
- foreign Policy in South Vietnam and in Vietnam.
southeast Asia has been determined by Mr. President, I am very sorry to find
the Pentagon Building, and not by the myself, as a Democrat, unalterably op-
state Department. It happens to be posed to the position of my President in
an ugly fact, but I believe it to be true. South Vietnam. But I think history will
am aghast at the tact that we are record that his position has been a mis-
now representing to the world that we taken one. I shall continue to hope that
had to resort to the appointment of a he will change his course of action by re-
? military man is Ambassador in that turning our foreign policy to the frame-
troubled spot- oi the world, where, more work of international law. We should
? than anywhere else, the peace of the proceed to lay this Asian crisis before the
globe is threatened, United Nations. If the United Nations
All one has to do is read the news has the potentialities that the senior Sen-
releases Of the last couple Of days to see ator from Idaho bespoke of this after-
how far we have gone in American for- noon, then the United States ought to
eign policy by Way Of military interven- start using it and stop scuttling it.
tion. Admiral Felt inade a statement in Mr. President, I am ready to yield the
Taipeh that the United States will risk floor. But, in accordance with an Un-
a war withRed China if Red China inter- derstanding previously reached to the ef-
feres with this cOnntr7s policy in south- feet that the Senator from Missouri [Mr.
east Asia. He should have had his Symnsicrobil had a matter to bring up,
uniform stripped from him iinmediately. I suggest the absence of a quorum.
Under our form of government, we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
should not be _permitting tan military clerk will carithe
brass to makem to the The--legiSlatfve Clerk proceeded to call
world about, what our foreign polky villi the roll
be,. That Was a staternerit Whieh shourd- Mr. MORSE Mr. President, I ask
have teen made by the SeCretarY?OT -Urierifinouleaserit that the order for the
State, first being approved by the-Pi-6Si= quonini call- be rescinded.
dent, or by the President himself. The PR-MTDING OFFICER. Without
Then General Harkins came back from objection, it is so Ordered.
southeast Asia aride was quOted by the
New York " Vines. , as reeking a *Mier ?
- -
statement. SENATOR RANDOLPH SPEAKS AT
I say that General Itarkins was corn- ? - DEDICATION OF THEODORE
pletely out of character. His job as a -ROOSEVELT BRIDGE?DELIVERS
military officer is to carry out military -ELOQUENT TRIBUTE TO PRESI-
ordcrs, not to determine foreign policy. DENT IT MEMORIALIZES
President, here IS one Voice That
Mr. MeNAMARA. Mr. President, ear-
Will continue to,he raised in opposition
_to the ,warmaking foreign p-ohdy,irthe?lier today our colleague, Senator RAN-
-uifited States. Office-fs - haw-- DOLPH, of West Virginia, delivered the
flooded?I do not know how inaniffun= dedication address for the ceremony
tiros of ebnimuiii6ati0 opening the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge.
eeived conininnioitions This structure serves as a memorial to
opposition to the polioi, of this - a great President, who, as Senator
tr_ation,_ and in support of the position RANDOLPH said, "gave to us a rich herit-
that the senior Senat?rfr?jjj Oitegoh- fs age and a rewarding hope as we work
taking ,in opposition to our Outlawry-in together in the building of a better
-America."
southeast Asia.
As I have said before,. if a de6laration The event, sponsored by the Board of
of war is passed, then the senior Senator Commissioners of the District of Colum-
froth Oregon Will Of course rally behind bia, the Department of Highways, and
that, "deelaration Until the war is won, at the metropolitan Washington Board of
whatever coat. - tit so tong as there is a Trade, was attended by several hundred
chance to avoid that war by seeking 1,15 /360Ple. Included were members of the
persuade the peonle of our country and - Roosevelt family.
sge20115/filffifit: 611MRDP&613100403R0.02001461dD.1S4k unanimous con-
change its direction from that of march- sent to Inc1udO?this poi t in my re
frig' into a great holocaust and killing marks the items on the official program
)0111%
Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP661300403R00020015001.545-,
14304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE June 23, 1964
and the eloquent address of Senator
RANDoLeH.
There being no objection, the program
and address were ordered to be printed
in the VoECORD, as follows:
PROGRAM
Master of ceremonies: Brig. Gen. C. M.
Duke. Engineer Commissioner, District of
Columbia.
Music by the U.S. Navy Band, Lt. Comdr.
Anthony A. Mitchell, leader.
Armed Forces Joint Color Team.
National anthem.
Invocation: Rev. Robert W. Olewiler, Grace
Reformed Church.
Greetings by master of ceremonies.
Introduction of distinguished guests.
"John P. Kennedy Center March, Lt.
Comdr. Anthony A. Mitchell. U.S. Navy Band.
Remarks: The Honorable Jennings Ran-
dolph, U.S. Senate.
Unveiling of plaque.
Ribbon cutting.
Motorcade will form and proceed west
across bridge.
REMARNS BY SENATOR .TENNESOS
OF WEST VIRGINIA, CHAIRMAN, SENATE RUB-
comiarrEz ON PUBLIC Roans, FORMER
CHAIRMAN, HOUSE COMBATITELE ON DISTRICT
OF CoLUMBLA, AND FORMER MEMBER, Humus
COMMITTEE ON ROADS, AT THE DEDICATION
OF TEE THEODORE RoOSEVELT BRIDGE :UNE
23,1984
Honored guests, ladies, and gentlemen, the
moment has arrived. After 14 years the
bridge is a reality. Convenience and neces-
sity are well served by this structure which
provides another vital link in our Interstate
Highway System.
This bridge is an enduring memorial to
the labors and the patience of those who
have been 'waled Since It was first author-
ized by Congreia 10 years ago this August.
Despite the Scepticism and perhaps even
despair which was occasionally experienced
by some of its planners, the bridge Is testi-
mony that government by .committee can
work. For many committees and combnfs-
stone as well as a President and the Con-
gress, have had their hands in this effort
The democratic process of Consultation and
compromise has finally been brought to
fruition. This structure is a tribute not only
to the skills that have created it. but also
to the skills of persons who reconciled the
many interests involved.
It is another merited memorial to the
President in whose memory it is dedicated.
This bridge and the Interstate System of
which it is a part, are products of the needs
and the technology of America in the 20th
century. And President Theodore Roosevelt,
whose White House years ushered in the
20th century, was the find President to lad
America in its role as a world power. With
his mediation of the Russo-Japanese dispute,
his Involvement in the dispute over Algeria
by the great European powers, and his dis-
patch of the Great White Fleet on its world
cruise, Teddy Roosevelt was the first Presi-
dent to reject the traditional American atti-
tude of nonentanglement In the affairs of
the Old World. lie spoke to the other powers
in clear terms, serving notice that the United
States had come of age and was a power to
be reckoned with by all nations.
In two other major areas Theodore Roose-
velt was the first President to grapple 'with
the 20th-century problems of America. He
saw clearly that the vast concentrations of
wealth and power in the modern corporation
exceeded In some instances the power of the
individual States and rivaled that of the
United States and in some instances was
not in national interest. He recognized the
threat and acted on it. But he also recog-
nized the inevitability of corporate growth,
was not hypnotized by the curse of bigness,
and was concerned only that the corpora-
tions not outgrow the law and the people
they were designed to serve. His action in
bringing government suit against the rarroad
Combine et the Northern Securities Co.
launched the Federal Oovernment in its role
of effective regulation of monopolies. This
was a role created under the administration
of one Roosevelt and extended under that o/
another.
But it is for his contribution to the con-
servation of our natural resources that most
of us honor the name and memory of Teddy
Roosevelt. As a rancher, as a hunter, as an
explorer, and as a historian Theodore Roose-
velt acquired a deep and lasting appreciation
for the generosity of nature and the scenic
grandeur of the American -West. Yet, he
was a prophet of the 20th century in recog-
nizing as did few of his contemporaries and
none of his predecessors In the White House
that the natural resources of America are
not inexhaustible.
With his Immense talent for life and his
exuberant love of nature, Teddy Roosevelt
acknowledged the responsibility of his gen-
eration?and of the Federal Government?
to protect and conserve America's resources
for the oncoming generations. As Robert M.
La Follette wrote:
"When the historian ? ? ? shall speak of
Theodore Roosevelt, he is likely to say that
he did many notable things, but that his
greatest work was inspiring and act-sally
beginning a world movement for staying ter-
ritorial waste arid saving for the human race
the things on which alone a peaceful, pro-
gressive, and happy life can be founded.'
Roosevelt urged in 1901 the creation of a
national forest in my own area of Appalachia.
And during his two administrations he pro-
claimed 5 national parks, 16 national monu-
ments. 51 wildlife refuges, and 21 national
forest reserves. One can say in accuracy that
with these Executive actions and the pro-
fessionalization of the U.S. Forest Service
which he sponsored under Gifford Pinchot.
President Theodore Roosevelt created our
national forest system and the modern con-
servaUon movement. His convictions were
best expressed in his own terms when lay-
ing the cornerstone of the gateway to Yel-
lowstone Park in 1903: "I cannot too often
repeat," he stated, "that the essential fea-
ture in the present management of the
Yellowstone Park. as in an similar places,
Is Its essential democracy. ? ? ? It is the
preservation of the scenery, of the forests,
of the wilderness life and the wilderness
game for the people as a whole, instead of
leaving the enjoyment thereof to be confined
to the very rich who can control private re-
serves."
Roosevelt's achievements in conservation
of our forest resources were equaled if not
exceeded by his contribution to the wise use
and development of our waterways.
In his letter to the chairman of the Inland
Waterway Commission, which body he
created in 1907, he wrote that "works de-
signed to control our waterways have ? ? ?
been undertaken for a single purpose, such
as the improvement of navigation, de-
velopment of power, the irrigation of arid
lands, or the protection of lowlands from
floods. ? ? ? While the rights of the people
to these and similar uses of water must be
respected, the time has come for merging
local projects and uses of the inland waters
In a comprehensive plan designed for the
benefit of the whole country."
This was the beginning of comprehensive
water resource planning in America. And
President Roosevelt's principles that "every
stream is a unit from its source to its mouth,
and that all its uses are interdependent" have
become the guiding principles of water re-
source planning.
It is fitting that such a man and such a
President be memorialized by this island
refuge in the midst of the metropolitan area
of our Capital City and by the bridge which
offers a vista of the island Here are woven
together the two threads of his interegt and
Initiative in the conservation of land and
water.
It was said of Theodore Roosevelt by a
visiting British writer that "Roosevelt is.not
an American. you know. He is America."
In this sense, in honoring a great man and
a great President, we honor ourselves as we
dedicate the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge. Be
gave to us a rich heritage and a rewarding
hope?as we work together in the building
of a better America.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, in ac-
cordance with the previous order, I move
that the Senate adjourn.
The motion was agreed to; and (at 6
o'clock and 35 minutes p.m.) the Senate
adjourned, under the previous order, un-
til tomorrow. Wednesday, June 24, 1964,
at 12 o'clock meridian.
Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP66600403R000200150016-5