MCNAMARA'S WAR IN SOUTH VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130016-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 24, 2005
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: March 30, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

1964
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ties, under Mr. McDermott, such funds
as will be necessary to provide Alaska
with whatever assistance money can pro-
vide.
I said then that although the body
blow was felt by Alaska, great losses were
also suffered from the tidal wave in my
State and in California, that I have al-
ready asked the Governor of my State
to supply me with any information he
can supply me with, which may be of
assistance to him in making his official
request to the Federal Government for
emergency assistance in my State; and
that the congressional delegation will of
course back him up. Some of our coast-
al towns, such as Florence, Depoe Bay,
Waldport and others, have suffered
great losses-nothing comparable, of
course, to those in Anchorage and Sew-
ard, as related to us in the last hour by
the senior Senator from Alaska, because
our losses have been caused only by the
tidal wave and not the earthquake; but
to the people who have lost their all,
it is just as important to them as indi-
viduals even though Alaska lost more.
This being a west coast catastrophe, I
am sure the Government will do every-
thing it can to provide as much assist-
ance as Government can bring in such
an hour of tragedy.
I wish to express, on behalf of the
people of my State, our great thanks
to President Johnson for the immediate
assurance he has given to the country
that everything within the power of the
Government that can be done to bring
relief to the stricken area will be pro-
vided.
I believe the two Senators from Alaska
deserve our sincere thanks for giving us
this on-the-scene account, because they
saw the aftermath with their own eyes;
and we appreciate it, although it deep-
ly saddens us.
Mr. BARTLETT. I thank the Sen-
ator from Oregon. Even in our hour of
agony, we keenly feel the plight of those
in the more southerly Pacific coast areas
who felt the effects of this upheaval of
nature as we did.
Alaskans have the heart, the spirit,
and the courage to rebuild. It will be
almost a total rebuilding effort. But
even imbued with all of these attributes,
there is no determining whether they
can succeed unless the oneness to which
the Senator from Florida so eloquently
referred manifests itself now, so that all
Americans join together to help the peo-
ple, in this instance, of my own State-
as I feel sure Alaskans would wish to
join were a similar catastrophe to afflict
the people of any other State.
This is what makes us strong. This,
in part, is what makes us great, that the
American heart beats as one. We are
willing to help every other American
wherever he may be. There are some
Americans desperately in need of help
now. The Americans in Alaska declare
that they can continue the big job which
their country has assigned to them, to
make the last frontier truly a great State
of the Union. With your help, and with
the help of the American people, this can
be achieved in spite of that which hap-
pened last Friday.
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, I wish
to express my deep sympathy to the
Senators from Alaska over the tragedy
which occurred in their State this week-
end. Both of them may be assured that
the Senate in its deliberations will do
everything within its power to assist the
distressed people of Alaska, as it would
for other States in such an hour of trag-
edy and danger. We are appreciative of
the firsthand report which the distin-
guished Senater from Alaska [Mr. BART-
LETT] has given us.
Mr. BARTLETT. It is my hope that
the words of the Senator from New
York, representing as he does, so many
millions of Americans, may be carried
swiftly to Alaska.
I yield the floor.
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1963,
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 7152) to enforce the
constitutional right to vote, to confer
jurisdiction upon the district courts of
the United States to provide injunctive
relief against discrimination in public
accommodations, to authorize the Attor-
ney General to institute suits to protect
constitutional rights in public facilities
and public education, to extend the Com-
mission on Civil Rights, to prevent dis-
crimination in federally assisted pro-
grams, to establish a Commission on
Equal Employment Opportunity, and for
other purposes.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, before I
turn to a discussion of McNamara's war
in South Vietnam, with the prayer that
it will not become a U.S. war, al-
though it is on its way to so becom-
ing, I wish to express my compliments
to the Senator from Minnesota [Mr.
HUMPHREY] and to the Senator from
California [Mr. KUCHEL] for the very
able speeches they delivered today, lay-
ing down the affirmative position of those
of us who support a strong civil rights
bill. Both Senators rendered a mag-
nificent service in presenting the overall
case in chief for the affirmative side in
this debate. Later, title by title, some
of us will present detailed arguments
in support of the various sections of the
bill. However, I am very much pleased
to serve under the leadership of the Sen-
ator from Minnesota [Mr. HUMPHREY],
who will handle the substantive debate.
I wish he had been as sound on the
procedural aspects of the subject, last
week, as he was today on the substantive
aspect of it.
A finer leader than the Senator from
Minnesota could not be made available
to us as we battle away in support of the
substantive, affirmative position we will
take to pass the strongest possible civil
rights bill.
I always find it a great pleasure to be
in agreement with him. I am always
unhappy when he does not see the light
on a procedural question. Of course, I
am speaking facetiously at the present
,
time. I am glad that we are back shoul-
der to shoulder again, fighting together,
on the substantive aspects of the civil
rights issue.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President,
will the Senator yield?
Mr. MORSE. I yield.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President,'
while the Senator from Oregon may be
6353
happy when he finds the Senator from
Minnesota with him, let me assure the
Senator from Oregon that the Senator
from Minnesota is exceedingly happy
when he finds the Senator from Oregon
with him. There is,no greater or strong-
er or more effective supporter of a piece
of legislation than the Senator from
Oregon. May I say, with equal candor,
that when he is opposed to a piece of
legislation, his strength is legion, and he
puts up a brilliant battle. He is great
both in offense and in defense. I am
glad to be on the side of the stalwart
Senator from Oregon.
Mr. MORSE. I appreciate those flat-
tering words very much, because they
prove the close personal friendship
which exists between the Senator from
Minnesota and the Senator from Ore-
gon. I wish I did not have to rebut. the
flattery, but I do. Kind as the words are,
the fact remains that I never seem to
have the votes when I am in opposition
to the Senator from Minnesota. Of
course, I have long since learned that
having the votes does not necessarily
prove one right, because other Senators
may walk down a mistaken path.
However, all joshing aside, I believe it
augurs well that the civil rights forces in
the Senate have united and that they
will be marching together for the next
few weeks-how many I do not know,
but as long as it takes-down the - road,
in a determined fight to pass the strong-
est possible civil rights bill. -
As the Senator from Minnesota knows,
I have consulted the leadership again
today. The record should show that I
have a pretty firm understanding with
the leadership that during the course of
the civil rights debate no unanimous-
consent agreement will be granted on
the floor of the Senate for any commit-
tee to hold a meeting while the Senate
is in session, while I am present, and
that when I am absent from the Cham-
ber an endeavor will be made at least
to give me the courtesy of a quorum call
to 1-ring me to the floor of the Senate, or,
knowing my position, that the leadership
will object in my behalf, as a matter of
courtesy, until I can reach the floor of
the Senate, and reaffirm the objection.
I have thought this problem through
at great length. I know all the difficul-
ties that confront us. I said over TV
today, when I was examined about this
subject, that.the only conditions under
which I would relax my determination
not to grant a committee the right to
meet while the Senate were in session
would be in the case of some national
calamity, some great emergency, which
might arise, such as the Alaskan tragedy,
when it might be necessary for a com-
mittee to meet long enough to give con-
sideration to the presentation of the case
as to how much money was needed to
be appropriated in order to meet the
emergency.
However, I wish to make it very clear
that that does not mean that I have
opened the door, so to speak, for com-
mittee meetings. Only in the case of a
serious national calamity would I give
consent to any committee meeting being
held while the Senate was in session, and
then only with the understanding that it
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would be for the purpose of handling the
national calamity.
I will not give consent to the Appro-
priations Committee to meet to report
appropriation bills. I care not how much
hardship might be caused by not having
an appropriation bill reported. Let us
face the fact, as I have said before, that
the price of freedom comes high, but
freedom is worth It. We are now in a
great contest to deliver, for the first time
since the Emancipation Proclamation,
true freedom, full freedom, constitutional
freedom to the Negroes of this country.
I believe the only way we shall ever de-
liver it Is for the American people to
pause long enough in their daily lives to
take a look at the Senate, and to realize
what is at stake here. If, as, and when
the time ever comes when it is necessary
to bring some urgings to bear upon Sen-
ators to vote for cloture, I want the Sen-
ate to be in the position where the Amer-
ican people will be prone to say, "Why
do you not vote for cloture?"
I am satisfied, when the American peo-
ple start asking Senators in certain
States, who for some reason or other have
not seen fit in years gone by to vote for
cloture, "Why are you not voting for clo-
ture?" we shall begin to get their votes
for cloture.
In my judgment there is nothing more
Important facing this Republic, now that
the issues have been drawn, than to get
it behind us, after adequate debate has
been guaranteed to the opposition. No
one will be more determined to see to it
that the opponents of civil rights have a
fair opportunity for full and adequate
debate.
That does not mean Interminable de-
bate. That does not mean debate that
seeks to prevent a vote. ever occurring on
the issues. It means the time that is
needed to present all the arguments on
the substantive issues that are Involved.
I intend to see that they get that time for
debate.
However, after that kind of debate has
been had, I shall support cloture. That
Is why it is important that no other busi-
ness of the Senate is transacted in the
meantime, because we will not get clo-
ture-and of this I am convinced-until
the American people understand that
they, too, will have to make sacrifices for
the preservation of freedom in this coun-
try during this historic period.
I believe that this is the most historic
period on the domestic front since 1862.
I think the issue is drawn as to
whether this country will try to remain
half free and half slave. There are vari-
ous types of enslavement. The Negroes
of America are enslaved in this Republic
tonight. Let every white person face up
to that ugly reality. So long as a Negro
in this country does not have exactly
the same rights of constitutional enjoy-
ment that every white person has, there
is no freedom for the Negro. He is en-
slaved. He is enslaved to the bigotry,
the prejudice, and the bias under which
he has suffered ever since the Great
Emancipator uttered those historic
words in the form of the Emancipation
Proclamation a hundred years ago.
That is the issue that has been drawn.
I was told on television this afternoon-
and I am sure the President will not take
offense:
Mr. Senator, suppose you get a call from
the President, from the White House, and
he says, "It is extremely important that this
committee be permitted to meet."
My reply was:
The President knows me so well that he
would not waste his time by making that
call. He knows what the answer would be.
So far as the senior Senator from
Oregon is concerned, the the has been
cast on this Issue. This Is one matter
on which I shall not need a majority
vote. I represent the people of a sov-
ereign State. I have my parliamentary
rights in the Senate. I intend to exer-
cise them.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. MORSE. I yield.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I assure the Sen-
ator from Oregon that I not only feel
he is right in what he states In his par-
liamentary right, that no committee
meetings s ill be held during the sessions
of the Senate, but I say to the Senator
as majority whip that when I am on
the floor, his right will be protected, his
position will be honored. I say this not
only in the name of the senior Senator
from Oregon, but I join with him in the
name of the senior Senator from Minne-
sota. I know of no more important bus-
iness than the civil rights bill.
As the Senator has said, with the ex-
ception of a great emergency that really
fundamentally affects the lives of thou-
sands of our people in great sections of
our Nation, there Is no reason why the
Senate should not attend to the business
which is before it. If it does so, it can
complete it In a reasonable time.
I say to the Senator from Oregon, as
he has stated to the Senate tonight, let
there be extended debate, full debate, de-
bate on every section, subsection, and
title. But the difference between ex-
tended debate and a filibuster is that
debate is designed to give life to legisla-
tion, and is designed to arrive at a de-
cision. either affirmative or negative, a
decision of will, yea or nay. A filibuster
Is designed to kill legislation, to bury
It, to paralyze It. It is designed to deny
the Senate the right to express its will.
We wish to make that distinction per-
fectly clear. The proponents of this leg-
islation intend to lay their case before
the public.
We do not intend to be mute, or silent.
We do not intend to be accused of fili-
bustering if we take the time necessary
to discuss the bill. We are prepared at
any hour of the day to vote on any sec-
tion of the bill. We are prepared at the
proper time to vote on the bill itself. I
know that that is the position of the
Senator from Oregon.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I not
only thank the Senator from Minnesota,
but I wish to say that the announcement
which the Senator from Minnesota has
made In his capacity as majority whip
and in his capacity as the selected floor
leader on this bill, in my judgement is
the most important announcement that
has been made to date in connection
with the civil rights bill.
it is one thing for the senior Senator
from Oregon to make the announce-
ment which he has made several times,
that he will exercise his parliamentary
right to block all committee meetings
while the Senate is in session, subject
only to a great calamity or national dis-
aster which makes it of din: importance
that a committee meet; but for the
majority whip and the floor leader of
the bill to make that statement is truly
good news for the people of this coun-
try.
I wish to express my sincere and deep
thanks to the Senator from Minnesota
for the decision he has publicly announc-
ed. I happened to know that that was
his position, but in my judgment, it took
a great deal of courage for the Senator
to stand up and serve this clear notice
to the country as to what tie procedure
will be in the Senate with respect to com-
mittee meetings.
McNAMARA'S WAR IN UTH
VIETNAM
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, for a few
minutes I shall turn my attention to Me-
Namara's war in South Vietnam.
Last Thursday night, Defense Secre-
tary McNamara repeated the reasons
customarily given for American partici-
pation in the war in South Vietnam. He
cited three principal American objec-
tives there:
To help South Vietnam, as a member of
the non-Communist world to stay that
way. "The Vietnamese have asked our
help," he said. "We have given it. We
shall continue to give it."
Second, to prevent southeast Asia
and the Indian Ocean from falling un-
der Communist domination. He said the
area has "great significance in the for-
ward defense of the United States," and
that In Communist hands, it would pose
a serious threat to the security of the
United States and the family of free na-
tions to which we belong, including the
subcontinent of Asia, Australia, New
Zealand, and the Philippines.
Third. he said we are In South Viet-
nam to thwart Communist aims of ag-
gression which are pursued by means of
"wars of liberation," rather than by all-
out, direct aggression by armies moving
across national borders.
There is nothing in any one of these
objectives that does not argue for use of
International treaties to handle the situ-
ation Instead of unilateral American ac-
tion. Secretary McNamar), pointed to
the Geneva accords of 1954 which parti-
tioned Indochina. Although the United
States was not a signatory to them, we
said we would consider then`.. binding and
would regard their violation as a threat
to international peace and security.
Why, then, does not our claim that
they have been violated require us to
take up the issue in the United Nations?
Not a whisper from the Secretary of De-
fense about that obligation. That is
where threats to the international peace
and security are supposed to be handled.
They are not suposed to be handled
through unilateral action on the part of
the United States, Russia, or any other
power in the world.
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But the Secretary makes the best case istration, either Democratic or Repub-
of all for handling South Vietnam lican, can excuse the unjustifiable kill-
through the Southeast Asia Treaty Orga- ing of American boys in South Vietnam;
nization. He declares that Communist and before I conclude this speech, I
control of southeast Asia would be a hope to impress on the Senate and on
threat to the area of the Indian Ocean, the administration the support I have.
Australia, New Zealand, and the Philip- The senior Senator from Oregon, the
pines. If so, then that is exactly the junior Senator from Alaska, and other
situation that SEATO was created for. Members of Congress who have spoken
.If the Secretary's analysis of the dan- out in opposition to the policies of the
ger is accurate, then why have not Aus- Johnson administration in regard to
tralia, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Vietnam do not speak alone, for
Pakistan, and Thailand worked out with behind us is a public opinion represented
us a joint policy for intervention in by millions of Americans who take
South Vietnam? Yes, and Great Britain, our position that this kind of uni-
and France. They, too, signed SEATO. lateral action by the United States can-
I am at a complete loss to understand not be justified merely because it is being
how the South Vietnamese war can be done by the United States. After all,
a threat to their security, and yet not the United States is not always right in
one of them is interested in doing any- regard to foreign policy; and when the
thing about it. United States is wrong, it should be big
Oh, Yes. As I pointed out last Thurs- enough to recognize its mistake and to
day, the President of the Philippines correct it. Certainly Secretary McNa-
made a great public announcement the mara is dead wrong in his policies in
other day about how important it is for regard to South Vietnam.
the United States to stay in South Viet- Mr. President, the historic debate in
nam. So I asked him in the Senate on regard to South Vietnam will increase
last Thursday, and I ask him again to- in tempo in the weeks and months im-
what about you going into South Viet-
nam with some Philippine troops?
What about the Philippines living up to
their obligations under the SEATO
treaty?"
The sad fact is that not a single signa-
tory to the SEATO treaty except the
United States is in South Vietnam.
Those signatories are perfectly willing
for the United States to pick up the
check. The Secretary of State admits
we are picking up 97 percent of it, 3 per-
cent from South Vietnam. Those signa-
tories to SEATO are perfectly willing to
let. American boys die in South Viet-
nam-but no Australians, no New Zea-
landers, no Pakistanis, no Filipinos, no
Thai, no Frenchmen, and no British boys.
We could not be more wrong than we
are in connection with American uni-
lateral action in South Vietnam. Mark
my words, if we continue the McNamara
war in South Vietnam, along with the
proposals that he is making for stepping
it up, including his keeping the door
open for action into North Vietnam, we
shall be branded an aggressor nation.
In my judgment we do not have an
iota of international law or right on our
side in escalating a war into North Viet-
nam. But read the Secretary of De-
fense's speech of last Friday night. It
is clever, but it is a ducking speech. It
is not a forthright speech. it is full of
one escape hatch after another. It of-
fers the launching site for one trial bal-
loon after another.
Now is the time to speak up and to
make clear to the Johnson adminis-
mediately ahead, because we are not
going to be silenced. In my nearly 20
years of service in the Senate, I have
never been known to make a criticism
of American foreign policy without offer-
ing an affirmative, constructive proposal
to take its place. I have been making
an affirmative, constructive proposal in
regard to the McNamara war in South
Vietnam; and I shall repeat it again
tonight-although going into a little
more detail; and I shall repeat it again
and again across the country in the
months ahead. The policy of the John-
son administration in regard to the uni-
lateral war being conducted by the
United States in South Vietnam must be
stopped; and the only force that can
stop it is American public opinion. I
am satisfied that American public opin-
ion will stop it, if the Johnson. admin-
istration makes it necessary for Amer-
ican public opinion to stop it.
We had a little inkling of the latent
public opinion in this country in regard
to the McNamara war in South Vietnam
in the Gallup poll which was released in
the last day or two.. We do not find an
overwhelming majority of the American
people waving the flag into tatters in
support of the McNamara war in South
Vietnam. As the American people come
to learn more about the facts-and such
facts have been presented to me by
officers in South Vietnam; the testimony
of some of whom I shall place in the
,RECORD tonight before I finish this
speech-the American people by increas-
ing millions will join with those of us
who are -- + +I- A
r
s
tration that if it is going to support a "
Get out
of
South Vietnam. Lett the
McNamara war in South Vietnam, and processes and procedures of Interna-
if it is going to attempt to make it a tional law move in, and let the United
U.S. war, and if it is also going to run States, on a unilateral basis, move out."
the risk of having the United States I point out that the SEATO signa-
condemned as an aggressor nation, be- tories are not giving us support. The
cause of that war, the Johnson admin- only reed of international law on which
istration must be repudiated; and I we can lean is the protocol agreement
speak as a Democrat, but as a patriotic entered into by the signatories to SEATO
American first. I speak soberly, know- when they signed the SEATO treaty. We
ing the full import of the words I have have no other possible right in South
just uttered. But I say that no admin- Vietnam, and that is not much of a right
to lean on. We joined all the other
SEATO signatories in entering into a
mutual agreement to the effect that the
area of South Vietnam was an area,
of mutual concern and interest to the
signatories thereto. But let us remem-
ber that South Vietnam itself is not even
a member of SEATO. Of course, Aus-
tralia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand,
the Philippines, France, and Great
Britain are willing to have the United
States "go it alone"-they always are.
We got a little inkling from De Gaulle,
when he stated that he thinks perhaps
there should be a new policy in that part
of the world. But the present gross in-
activity. on the part of our alleged
SEATO allies raises the question of
whether their security is really at stake.
If they believed their security to be at
stake, surely they would be doing some-
thing to protect themselves. Why is it
more to our advantage than to theirs to
help South Vietnam?
They do not seem to be concerned
about the fallacious John Foster Dulles
"domino" theory, which he imposed upon
American public policy some years ago,
and against which I spoke out at the
time. It was fallacious then; it has been
fallacious ever since, and it is fallacious
now-the theory that if one country in
that part of the world went Communist,
then, like a row of dominoes, all the rest
of them would topple, one after another.
However, Cambodia has already put the
lie to that; and, as I said in my speech
of last Thursday, other countries have
done so, too-including North Vietnam,
Laos, and Indonesia. Cambodia has
thrown out the U.S. aid program. Cam-
bodia has not gone Communist and its
Government has stated that it does not
intend to. The repudiation of the United
States by Cambodia also repudiates the
Dulles false domino theory.
Although, of course, we do not like to
face this fact, because it is embarrassing,
the great United States has had its rep-
resentatives thrown out of Cambodia; a
little prince of Cambodia told our repre-
sentatives to get out, or else he would put
them out. If the United States had tried
to answer him by insisting that its rep-
resentatives remain there, the United
States would have had to answer him
with force; and then the United States
would have been in a real fix, for then it
would have been charged that the United
States had committed aggression against
the little country of Cambodia, whose
Prince said, in effect, "I am fed up with
the U.S. representatives. Take your aid
and get out, and stay out."
Mr. President, the United States has
been engaging in some very strange op-
erations in South Vietnam. The other
day, so-called U.S. military advisers-but
they were dressed in battle regalia-were
caught, together with South Vietnamese
forces, making a raid on a city inside
Cambodia, and using fire bombs. That
is rather hard to reconcile with the pro-
fessings of the United States that it is a
humane country. We were caught flat-
footed. I have said, and repeat today,
that when we can find out the opera-
tions of the CIA-the police state agency
that we maintain in our country, in a
supposed democracy, against all at-
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tempts to find out how it operates in Asia
and in other parts of the world, I am
satisfied that that page of American his-
tory will be disgraceful.
In the past few hours we find the
United States uttering its assurances
that instructions have gone out against
the use of the fire bomb. Why? Be-
cause they know very well that if we con-
tinue to be caught using it, we shall have
fewer friends in the world than we have
now because of our foreign policy.
Mr. President, we usually get into the
kind of fix in which we now are when we
follow a unilateral military course of ac-
tion based upon resort to the jungle law
of force instead of the rule of law, about
which the American Government is so
prone to prate and profess in the coun-
cils of the world.
The senior Senator from Oregon is
asking for a squaring of our practices
with our professions about a rule of law.
We repudiate the rule of law every time
we resort to unilateral military force, as
we are doing in "McNamara's war" in
South Vietnam.
What is my affirmative proposal? My
affirmative proposal is to keep faith with
and to practice the ideals professed by
our Republic. We claim to be always
willing to resort to the rule of law for the
settlement of any dispute that threatens
the peace of the world. But we stand
convicted of not doing so in South Viet-
nam.
The Government of the United States
has never asked for an extraordinary
meeting of the foreign ministers of
SEATO. I wonder why. Are we afraid
that the foreign ministers of the coun-
tries signatory of SEATO would not go
along with a plan to try to settle without
military action the civil war in South
Vietnam?
Are we afraid that we could not ob-
tain support in such an extraordinary
meeting of the foreign ministers of
SEATO signatories for a continuation of
America's support of its puppet govern-
ment, which Vietnam is? The admin-
istration does not like to hear me say
that, but It is true. The South Viet-
namese Government Is a puppet of the
United States. It was brought Into be-
ing primarily through the influence and
power of the United States. We set up
the Diem government-a tyrannical,
Fascist type of government, in which
human rights were nonexistent-which
remained totalitarian throughout the
existence of the Diem `government. It
was not a pretty chapter In American
history.
Finally there was a coup. We became
a little disillusioned with that puppet.
So there was a coup, and Diem was
overthrown. Now we have a new type
of totalitarian government in South
Vietnam, a military totalitarian govern-
ment headed by a military leader,
poured in to help France In that area of
the world when it was a part of the
French colonial dynasty-Indochina-
we have spent more than $5.5 billion of
American taxpayers' money in a useless
war in that part of Asia.
Mr. President. It should stop. Some-
thing tells me that the American people
will stop It, Mr. McNamara to the con-
trary notwithstanding.
I did not see it, but several Senators
have said today that they saw an hour-
long television program yesterday show-
ing a picture of the Secretary of De-
fense. Apparently he let his enthusiasm
run away with him. In the picture he
was shown promising the South Viet-
namese not only support for a thousand
years, If necessary, but also leaving the
impression that we would give them sup-
port forever. By what right did the Sec-
retary of Defense go over to South Viet-
nam to make any such pledge in behalf
of the American people?
He had no such right. The American
people should answer him in no uncer-
tain terms.
Mr. President, If the Senator desires
my affirmative program In greater de-
tail, if the SEATO countries under the
treaty do not want to try to reach some
kind of settlement in South Vietnam that
will bring to an end this costly war, I
say that the signature of the Govern-
ment of the United States on the United
Nations Charter places upon us a clear
obligation to lay before the United Na-
tions for determination this threat to the
peace of the world now arising in south-
east Asia.
What is wrong with that procedure?
Of course, that would be a resort to the
rule of law. That would honor the char-
ter and our signature thereto. That
would give us an opportunity to call the
attention of the world to those coun-
tries that are willing to support a rule
of law for settling an issue that threatens
the peace of the world and those coun-
tries that are not. It would take us
immediately out of the latter class. It
would cleanse us Immediately of the
great liability that is now ours. We are
resorting to military action, and by re-
sorting to military action, we are threat-
ening the peace of a part of the world
that can lead into a holocaust which
could spread around the world. It would
be keeping faith with our professions
about believing in resort to international
law rather than the jungle law of force.
There will be those, and particularly
the military minded and politically
minded, who believe that the way to pay
respect to the American flag is to wave
it into tatters. That is no way to re-
spect the flag. There will be those who
will say that the proposal is not practical.
Of course it is practical, for it is always
practical to try to practice one's coun-
vantage not to call for such a resort to
the rule of law because we have a vested
interest in the pro-Western government
there, and these other nations do not.
It was, after all, a unilateral American
decision to support the rer.anant of the
Bao Dai regime, for it was Bao Dai who
chose Diem to take over, of b!r the French
failure. We came In to support Diem,
just as the French before us had sup-
ported Bao Dal.
I think the Secretary's first reason for
U.S. intervention came closest to being
the real reason, as he set ii. forth in his
unsound speech Saturday night. He
said: "The Vietnamese have asked our
help. We have given it. We shall con-
tinue to give it." The Government there
is our protege. We have convinced our-
selves that it is important to us for
prestige purposes. But we have not
convinced South Vietnam's nearest
neighbors that it is important for secu-
rity reasons.
Mr. President, let us not raake the mis-
take that Britain, France, Belgium, The
Netherlands, and other great colonial
powers made for centuries. They lost
their colonial power. Great Britain
went broke. France went into a great
economic decline. Finally, the people of
Great Britain and of Fvfnce made it
clear to their governments that they
wanted an end to colonial powers and
policies.
Why should we be picking up the mis-
takes of France in Indochina? For that
matter, why should we be picking up the
mistakes of past colonial powers any-
where in the world?
Secretary McNamara also gave us a
picture of how hopeless our task is there.
In a population of 14 million, about
20,000 to 25,000 are what h3 calls "hard-
core" guerrillas. But the Vietcong can
muster forces of 60,000 to 30,000 men.
These are the so-called Communist
guerrilla forces; but they are South Viet-
namese. We cannot show that there
are in South Vietnam any foreign troops
from China, or any foreign troops from
Russia, or any foreign troops from North
Vietnam. The only foreign troops in
South Vietnam are U.S. troops.
Mr. President does anyone believe
that the rest of the world will not take
note of that fact? Do Senators think
that is a great credit to the United
States? Do they think the rest of the
world iS shouting "Hallelujah" over the
rationalization and propaganda of of-
ficials of our Government who are trying
to alibi McNamara's war in South Viet-
nam-and that we are doing it to save
South Vietnam from communism?
Mr. President, the overwhelming
majority of the people of South Vietnam
would not know the difference between
communism and democra2y if we tried
to explain it to them-and they could
not can less.
hat eco
hi
e
nd
ti
l
-_
a out bellu-
'
ng prac
ca
NguKere 1s 11Vt
Nguren
Does anyone believe there are any more ing a political knee at the altar of politi- freedom is. They understand that if the
human rights in South Vietnam? Does cal expediency. either domestic or in- seedbeds of the economic freedom are
any Senator believe that South Vietnam ternational. We must face the fact that brought to them, the plant of political
is representative of freedom? Of course the United States is wrong in South freedom will take root and grow.
not. It is a straight military dictator- Vietnam. We have followed a wrong pol- I am not taking the position that we
ship, buttressed by 15,500 American icy. But it Is never too late to substitute should do nothing to help the people of
troops and $1.5 million a day of American right for wrong. South Vietnam. The Senator from Ore-
money. Counting the money that we We have decided that It is to our ad- gon could probably be persuaded that
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there are sound economic projects we
should spend more money on to help
prepare the seedbeds of economic free-
dom than we are now spending on so-
called military aid to South Vietnam.
But that would be an entirely different
situation. I believe that is the way we
should beat communism in the under-
developed areas of the world. Commu-
nism in Asia cannot be beaten'with bul-
lets.
The people of southeast Asia can be
brought to the cause of freedom-not
overnight, and it is desirable that we not
try to do it overnight, but gradually, year
by year, as we give assistance to the prep-
aration of the economic seedbeds of eco-
nomic freedom, out of which will flower
political freedom in due course of time.
The reason why we need joint action
of a peaceful nature in South Vietnam,
either through SEATO or through the
United Nations, is that only in such a
climate can the seedbeds of economic
freedom be developed. For want of a
better descriptive term, so far as my af-
firmative proposal to this problem is con-
cerned, I have a suggestion if SEATO
should fail. But I would not give up
hope in SEATO. I would have great
hopes for SEATO, because a SEATO con-
ference would give to De Gaulle an op-
portunity to come forward and offer a
blueprint, if he has one, to suggest how
South Vietnam can be managed and ad-
ministered without killing, how South
Vietnam can be managed and admin-
istered on the basis of a SEATO trustee-
ship, or something similar to a trustee-
ship.
But if that could not be worked out,
Mr. President, then, for want of a bet-
ter descriptive term, the senior Senator
from Oregon believes we ought to make
a grand attempt in the United Nations
to set up some form of a United Na-
tions trusteeship in South Vietnam-not
a neutral state such as Laos. Laos is
a failure, in my judgment. Laos is a
failure because a mistake was made in
assuming that, by bringing the Commu-
nists into roughly a third of the seats
of government, we would obtain co-op-
eration. At best, under such a situation,
we might hope for coexistence. But
coexistence is not co-operation. Co-
existence provides only the channel and
the medium for the Communists to seek
to undercut, undermine, "termite," and
take over. I believe it is generally
agreed that the Laotian formula is not
a very helpful one. But a United Na-
tions trusteeship or quasitrusteeship
would be something entirely different.
If the SEATO proposal is not a success,
we should make an attempt to per-
suade the United Nations to assume
So, Mr. President (Mr. KENNEDY in the The only question is how much he is
chair) in a population of 14 million, going to bet on it, and how much the
about 20,000 to 25,000 are what the Sec- American people are going to lose before
retary of Defense calls "hardcore" guer- we recognize our mistake and rectify it.
rillas. But the Vietcong can muster We are holding a losing hand. I take
forces of 60,000 to 80,000. Against them, the position that we should get out of
the South Vietnamese have an army of that gambling game. We should return
400,000, supported, guided, and directed to a posture which puts us in keeping
by 15,500 American soldiers. Moreover, with our ideals. We should return to
South Vietnam will soon, and for the honoring our signature to the SEATO
first time, undertake military conscrip- treaty, to honoring our signature to the
tion to raise its forces to 450,000-the United Nations Charter. That is the af-
payment of which, the Secretary of De- firmative course of action which I pre-
fense announces to the world, the Amer- sent tonight on the floor of the Senate.
ican taxpayer will make. I wish to take a few moments to invite
By what authority? the attention of the Senate to a cross
Since when have we had a foreign section account of American public opin-
policy determined by the Secretary of ion from coast to coast, from State to
Defense, who announces, after a mils- State, and from all segments of the
tary dictator in South Vietnam says that American public, from American mili-
he will institute conscription, that the tary officials in South Vietnam-colonels,
United States will pay he bill? majors, captains, and lieutenants.
The Secretary of Defense also needs a Last Thursday's CONGRESSIONAL REC-
refresher course in the separation of ORD will show that I spoke of the position
powers doctrine provided for under the of a high Marine military officer who ex-
Constitution, which places a check in pressed great concern and criticism of
the hands of Congress upon the Execu- the "McNamara war" in South Vietnam,
tive when he proceeds to try to act pointing out that if we are going to con-
unilaterally. duct a war in South Vietnam, we should
Despite American aid to this area, conduct it. This high Marine officer
which has totaled approximately $5.5 pointed out to me-as I reported last
billion since the French first began their Thursday on the floor of the Senate, and
war in Indochina, the position of pro- which I report again tonight as a preface
Western forces there has steadily deteri- to certain quotations from communica-
orated. By 1961, it required direct U.S. tions which I have received from these
military participation. In the fall of officers and from many Americans in all
1963, it became worsened by the political stations of life-that the operation we
upheaval. In March of 1964, Secretary are conducting is doing great damage
-McNamara reports that the situation to the morale of American military per-
has "unquestionably worsened," sonnel in South Vietnam. There is no
What he is proposing is another doubt about it. All we have to do is to
Korean war effort, only this time shorn of read a cross section of American mili-
United Nations backing. He is calling. tary points of view, and the letters I am
for a unilateral American Korean war, about to place in the CONGRESSIONAL REc-
with the possibility constantly held out ORD, pointing out that the kind of opera-
of expanding the fighting into North tion we are conducting does not give
Vietnam and even into China Itself. American military personnel in South
The Secretary is quite mistaken in Vietnam the ultimate in protection to
trying to ascribe this Asian policy to the which they are entitled.
last five Presidents. President Roose- Mr. President, it is one thing to send
velt did not, as the Secretary claimed, American boys in the uniform of the
"oppose Japanese penetration in Indo- American military into military danger
china" for its own sake. Once the Pa- zones to risk their lives and defend the
ciflc war was upon us in World War II, United States on the basis of the orders
we opposed anything Japan did that of their superiors, but it is another thing
aided its war effort against the United to send them into those danger zones
States. without the full protection to which they
President Roosevelt's position in are entitled as American military men.
World War II must be measured and This Marine officer and other officers
evaluated in terms of preparation. We have told me that, under the kind of op-
were out to beat Japan. That was the eration we are conducting in South Viet-
position of President Roosevelt. nam, we are needlessly risking the lives
The Secretary also omits the basic of American military men by sending
premise of President Truman's action in them into battle zones without the pro-
Korea: that action was a United Nations tection the American military has the
action. Its was not a unilateral war power to give them.
undertaken by the United States in sup- That practice should stop. No Secre-
port of Syngman Rhee. t
f D
ary o
efense can justify it. When the
bility under the charter. Whenever an It was President Eisenhower who American people get the facts, they will
area of the world is threatening the undertook unilateral U.S. policies to try stop it too.
peace, the United Nations Charter calls to shore up the remnants of the colonial Mr. President, these letters are avail-
upon the members thereof to intervene interests in southeast Asia. Regret- able to the White House for checking
and seek to bring to an end the threat tably, Presidents Kennedy and Johnson on the part of any official it may wish
to the peace. have pursued that unfortunate and mis- to designate. It is obvious, as I read
It is a sad thing to have to say it, but guided effort. some of these letters-and I shall put
it is true, that U.S. unilateral action in Secretary McNamara is only presiding more in the RECORD-that it would be
South Vietnam has been standing in the over the rotten fruits of that mistake of unfair for me to put the letters In with
way of a United Nations approach 'to 1954. He is only trying to play a losing the signatures attached. I know how the
the South Vietnam problem. hand dealt the United States In 1954. military works, and so do other Senators.
No. 58-12
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Aft.
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I know what would happen to these mili-
tary men in many instances. Further-
more, I shall place in the RECORD letters
from doctors, lawyers, bankers, corpora-
tion presidents and vice presidents, pro-
fessors, teachers, farmers, and workers.
I am going to place letters In the RECORD
which represent a cross section of Amer-
ican public opinion.
I do not often do this, but I believe
the American people must be guaranteed
their right to petition their Government.
Because so much of the press, whose
representatives sit in the press gallery
of the Senate, and who, of course, are
subject to the rulings of their superiors-
and because their superiors for weeks
and weeks have concealed from the
American people the facts that have been
brought out on the floor of the Senate
on the South Vietnam issue-I believe It
all the more important that the views
of those Americans be given the right
to petition, as I am doing tonight by pre-
senting a cross section of the letters for
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. These are
but small segments of the letters I have
received. I am keeping them for other
Senators to read, in a separate file in
my office. Senators are welcome to come
and read them.
I have no intention of doing an Injus-
tice to any person who writes to me, by
disclosing his name without his approval.
I wish to have the attention of the
official reporters of the Senate for a-mo-
ment. I do not want the addresses of
these writers to be shown. I do not want
their names to be shown, except In those
letters in which I have left intact the
names and addresses. There are some
letters in this group with respect to
which it is proper for me to do that. I
want the official reporters to know that
I want each letter, however, to show the
State-merely showing whether it is
from Maryland, Georgia, California,
Minnesota, or Wisconsin, for example,
I want the RECORD to show the broad
scope of the petition.
From time to time I shall add more
letters to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as
the debate proceeds from week to week.
The first is a letter from a major who
is located in South Vietnam. He writes:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: The Stars and Stripes has given
full coverage to your views relative to the
situation here in Vietnam and also your
attitude toward military personnel serving
in this country. May I state that within the
group I am in close professional association
your viewpoint Is well taken. We are en-
clo: ing a clip of Secretary McNamara's speech
that appeared in the same issue of the Stars
and Stripes wherein we underline with dis-
favor the forever aspect of troop service.
Sincerely,
I ask unanimous consent that the
article from Stars and Stripes discussing
the speeches made by the Senator from
Alaska (Mr. GRUENING7 and myself on
the floor of the Senate, and the article
on the speech made by Secretary Mc-
Namara, to which the officers take ex-
ception, be printed in the RECORD at this
point.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
SENATOR MORSE RAPS VIETNAM POLICY, CALLS
AMERICAN DEATHS MURDER
WASHINGTON.-.Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Democrat. of Oregon. told the Senste Tues-
day that "all of South Vietnam isn't worth
the lire of a single American boy" and called
the mounting list of U.S. troop fatalities
there an Issue of "murder."
MORSE made this statement in his second
speech of the day on South Vietnam. His
speech was Interrupted once by Senator ER-
NEST GRUENING, Democrat, of Alaska, who
called for the Immediate return of U.S. troops
from Vietnam, as MORSE himself has done in
a number of recent speeches.
GaUENING agreed with MORSE that Secre-
tary of Defense Robert S. McNamara had no
authority to commit the United States to stay
on In Vietnam.
GRUENING declared: "The time has come to
reverse our policy of undertaking to defend
areas such as South Vietnam whose people
are so reluctant to defend themselves. Let
us keep on, by all means, supplying them
arms. Let us continue to give them the
means if they wish to use them. But not our
men.
"All troops should Immediately be relieved
of combst assignments. All military de-
pendents should be returned at once. A re-
turn of the troops to our shores should be-
gin-1.
In his earlier speech Tuesday, MORSE said
McNamara and the administration "should
be brought to an accounting for the waste
of American blood and American money In
South Vietnam."
"There is no justification for killing a
single American boy," In the military action
in Vietnam, MORSE said. "We have no justi-
fication for murdering a single American
boy. This Issue has become one of murder."
"Where are our allies while we pay 97 per-
cent of the bill and spill American blood?"
Moass demanded. He also asked why the
United States Is using conventional forces In
Vietnam when, If war should come, "it will
be a nuclear war."
Under Secretary of State W. Averell Harri-
man earlier said the United States remains
"utterly opposed" to the neutralization of
Vietnam at present.
Harriman talked to reporters after a closed-
door meeting on Eastern European affairs
with the House Foreign Affairs Committee.
Asked about Vietnam, he said he had not
come to the Capitol to discuss that subject,
and said It would not be proper to discuss It
until after McNamara had returned from his
on-the-spot survey of the situation there.
But he added: "It Is obvious that neutrali-
zation now would simply mean a Communist
takeover of Vietnam and we remain utterly
opposed to it."
SUPPORT "NOW AND FORFVER"-MCNAMARA
ASSURES VIETS
Huz, REPUBLIC Or VIrrNAM.-Defense
Secretary Robert S. MeNamara, in a speech
punctuated by applause, Wednesday prom-
ised South Vietnam full American support
"now and forever" to fight Communist 'naur-
gency.
In his firmest public commitment made to
Vietnam In his current tour, McNamara
declared "we will supply now and in the
future whatever economic aid, military
training and military equipment you need to
defeat your enemy. now and forever."
McNamara's remarks, which were trans-
lated to a crowd of 30,000 persons who stood
In a heavy drizzle to hear him, brought loud
cheering.
McNamara had flown to this ancient capi-
tal of Vietnam earlier III the day with U.S.
Ambassador Henry Cabot Ledge, Vietnamese
military strongman Maj. Gen. Nguyen Khanh
and other officials.
Meanwhile, the people mostly responsible
for McNamara's frequent trips to Vietnam-
the Communist Vietcong guerrillas---were in
action earlier in the week, American military
sources reported.
In an attack on a Mekong Delta outpost
Tuesday, the guerrillas killed 21 defenders,
wounded 6 and captured 25 weapons. A
total of 15 defenders were missing after ac-
tion was over. No guerrilla casualties were
reported.
In Washington, the Air Force identified
Col. Thomas M. Hergert as the missing pilot
of a plane which crashed In. South Vietnam
on Sunday. The colonel's wife , lives in
Saigon.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I re-
ceived a telegram from the vice presi-
dent of Armour & Co., which reads:
MONTCLAIR, N.J., -farch 29, 1964.
Senator WAYNE C. MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
You are the only man making any sense
out of the Vietnam situation. Keep talking
and maybe someone will listen.
WILLIAM C. GRAHAM,
Vice President.
I have before me a letter which I re-
ceived from Saigon, South Vietnam,
which reads:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator From Oregon,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I am writing to you In re-
gard to the waste here In Vietnam and what
should be done about it. --n my estimation
the biggest waste here Is that of dependents
living in what is supposed to be a war area.
These dependents live here at not only great
expense to the Government but also at my
personal expense.
Previously. I have been detailed to guard
duty on the dependent's school on my off-
duty time. I have been informed that from
now on I will be having- this guard duty
during my on-duty time.
The point that I am trying to bring out
here is that these people a-e not only living
here at great expense to the taxpayer but
now their safeguarding is putting an extra
burden on the low ranking enlisted man
and interrupting his normal duties which I
am told are very essential.
I was trained for 8 months and given a
top secret security clearance at the Army
Security Agency Training Center and School.
The cost of this training and clearance, I
was told, ran into several thousands of dol-
lars. Now it seems that our mission here is
actually one of minimum Importance.
It is my desire to find out if we as Amer-
icans are here doing an Important and use-
ful job or are we here to give our officers and
their dependents a luxurious life and at the
Same time train people like myself to be their
domestic help.
It was my desire upon entering the Army
to do a needed job for my country, not to
babyslt for my so-called superiors' children.
It appalls me to look around and see this
waste.
I would appreciate your correspondence on
this matter.
I have letters not only from colonels,
majors, and captains, but I have had a
most interesting one-and I do not seem
to be able to put my finger on it-from
a sergeant. I may find it before I finish
my speech. It is highly critical of Mc-
Namara's war in South Vietnam.
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I have a letter here from Little Rock,
which reads:
DEAR SENATOR: I agree with you 100 per-
cent about our boys being murdered in Viet-
nam. I do not think the U.S.. Government
has a moral right to send my grandson into
such a situation or any other one's boys.
The whole deal will end up like Korea, so
let's get out now. I hope you pour it on
the ones responsible until you get the United
States out.
Thanks.
This is a letter from New York, which
reads:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We commend you
highly on your statements concerning foreign
aid, addressed to the Senate on March 4,
1964.
We loudly applaud your position concern-
ing withdrawal of troops from Vietnam and
your appeal for a new appraisal of our south-
east Asian policy. May your influence grow
and affect other leaders In our Nation in
changing our sterile policy involving contin-
uous military aid. It is our hope that our
Government might soon come to consider
reasonable negotiation, perhaps neutraliza-
tion in Vietnam and begin with the with-
drawal of our forces.
Our best wishes to you and congratulations
on your courage and fresh views.
Yours very truly,
This is a letter which I received from
California. It reads:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SENATOR: I have just read with in-
terest the enclosed article relative to your
viewpoint on South Vietnam. More power
to you.
In the same paper I saw the enclosed pic-
ture and article covering the return of the
body of this young-20 years-soldier. It's
heartbreaking to say the least. Yet, he's
only one of hundreds already killed and
many thousands more in the future if we
continue such a futile solution.
Show this picture to Mr. McNamara and
any others who think as he does and ask
him to take the place of this youngster's
parents-for just a moment of reflection.
Thanks for your continued good efforts.
Sincerely,
"MONAMARA 'ALIBIS' ON VIETNAM NOT
JUSTIFIED"-MORSE
WASHINGTON, March 26.-Senator WAYNE
MORSE, Democrat, of Oregon, accused Defense
Secretary Robert S. McNamara today of
making "unjustified alibis" about the need
for continued U.S. military intervention in
South Vietnam.
MORSE made the charge on the Senate floor
while McNamara was briefing the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee on America's mili-
tary commitment in South Vietnam. MORSE
is a member of the committee, but boy-
cotted the briefing.
McNamara stirred a storm yesterday in the
House Foreign Affairs Committee while testi-
fying on the need for President Johnson's
proposed $3.4 billion foreign aid bill.
Sources said he told the closed session that
the $1 billion military aid request in the bill
is $400 million short of what military lead-
ers feel is really needed
MoRsE, who favors withdrawal of U.S.
troops from South Vietnam, said he would
reply on Monday to a major speech Mc-
Namara is scheduled to give tonight on Viet-
nam.
ONE BILLION DOLLAR ZIMIT
The administration asked $2.4 billion for
economic aid and McNamara said legisla-
tive leaders had made it "crystal clear" that
$1 billion was the limit for arms aid.
Members of the Foreign Affairs Committee,
headed by Representative THOMAS E. MoR-
GAN, Democrat, of Pennsylvania, couldn't be-
lieve their ears. Many said they were shock-
ed and worried-even "appalled."
They urged McNamara to come up with a
new figure that would do the full job. Later,
at the closed hearing, he said the "optimum"
or best amount would be $1.4 billion. But
he said the administration still was request-
ing only $1 billion and was studying ways to
meet the deficiencies.
NARROW MARGIN
Representative WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Re-
publican, of Michigan, said: "Certainly, the
Congress is not going to be working on a
narrow margin with 16,000 American boys in
Vietnam."
Representative WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD, Re-
publican, of California, commented angrily,
"What do we have to do-wait until after
the election?"
Representative PETER FRELINGHUYSEN, Re-
publican, of New Jersey, said McNamara had
a duty to report to Congress what was really
needed "even if we don't listen."
McNamara said he had warned Congress
last year about the adverse effects of cuts in
military aid but it didn't do any good. The
lawmakers slashed his request last year by
$405 million to a final total of $1 billion.
McNamara said the slash last year caused
"absolute chaos" in arms assistance plan-
ning and millions of war items had to be can-
celed.
To avoid that happening, he said, the ad-
ministration decided to ask this year for
only what it thought Congress would vote.
Los ANGELES SOLDIER HERO HOME TO
LAST REST
(By Harry Tessel)
Pfc. Frank J. Holguin, 20, came home from
Vietnam today-to rest forever in a soldier's
grave.
Secretary of the Army Stephen Ailes wrote
his family: "Your son served his Nation with
courage and honor."
Frank's grieving mother, Mrs. Anita Hol-
guin, said: "Today, my son. Tomorrow,
someone else's. My heart goes out to all
the other mothers."
Her son was born in West Los Angeles and
was raised at the family home, 11747 Darling-
ton Avenue.
He was a tailgunner in an Army helicopter
shot down by enemy gunfire on March 15.
Frank's sister, Mrs. Norma Arujo, 31, told
the Herald-Examiner:
"It was especially heartbreaking because
we got a letter from Frank the day after re-
ceivingword he was killed.
"The letter was to my mother and father.
"We were so looking forward to Frank's
coming home on leave. He was halfway
around the world-and this had to happen.
Now, he is coming home to rest."
Rosary for Frank Holguin, son of Modesto
and Anita Holguin, will be recited at 7?p.m.,
Monday, at the Pierce Brothers Mortuary in
Santa Monica, 1307 Seventh Street.
Requiem mass will be celebrated at 10:30
a.m., Tuesday, at St. Sebastian Church in
West Los Angeles. Interment with full mili-
tary honors will be at Holy Cross Cemetery.
That letter was from Huntington
Park, Calif. This one is from Los
Angeles :
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
forthright statements regarding our position
in South Vietnam.
I certainly agree with you that we should
get 'out-and completely-of that unhappy
country.
This war is not in our national interest
and our involvement only threatens a larger
world conflict,
I hope you are able to win backing for your
position. Opposition voices to our military
adventures seem lost in the Government
these days-and you are indeed to be com-
mended for your courage and foresight.
Sincerely yours,
This is a letter which I received from
Oregon:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
My DEAR SENATOR: I lust want to let you
know I fully agree with your stand on South
Vietnam, and .on the entire foreign-aid
program.
I have suspicions that many higher ups
in the present administration, possibly even
the President, are now preparing the public
for our actual participation in the fighting
in South Vietnam soon after the election.
As far as I am concerned, South Vietnam is
not worth the life of a single American. It
is foolish to think that China can possibly
offer a military threat to the United States
within the foreseeable future.
Our entire foreign-aid program is the
greatest fiasco the world has ever seen. Pos-
sibly a little real help to a few deserving, but
for the most part an encouragement of dic-
tators, bribery, despotism, and discourage-
ment of real progress. We have not gained
a single friend and have turned many against
us.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
I have been advised today by one of
the leading correspondents to be on the
lookout for a subtle move at the Pentagon
directed toward getting into South Viet-
nam, by the use of American guerrilla
fighters, by one pretext or another. The
Pentagon denies it.
I serve notice on the Pentagon through
this speech that I have received this in-
formation from sources that I think are
sufficiently reliable so that I intend to
watchdog the Pentagon day by day_ for a
constant check on its maneuvers. i
warn the Pentagon that I would not ad-
vise it to engage in any secret maneuvers
which would send American guerrilla
fighters into South Vietnam.
The next letter is from Portland, Oreg.:
MARCH 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I agree with you
re your views on Rusk. He is worse than
McCarthy ever was.
There's already been too many American
boys killed in Vietnam; and for what?
Keep up your good work on trying to get
foreign aid reduced.
I can't see where foreign aid has made, or
kept us any allies; the one thing it has done
is to tax the American people for more than
they should be taxed.
Very truly yours,
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Permit a resident of The next letter is from Washington,
another State to congratulate you on your D.C. -
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SE
Mrs. MIRIAM LEVIN,
March 28,1964.
senator WAYNE MORSE.
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you, thank
you, :hank you, for the speech you gave In
the Senate on March 25, calling for the with-
drawal of our troops from Vietnam. You
made me proud to be an American.
Enclosed is a letter I sent to my Senators,
Congressman, the President, and newspapers.
Good luck and keep up the good work.
The people of Vietnam have suffered war
too long.
Our efforts should be exerted toward ceas-
ing the conflict and not attempting to ac-
complish total victory.
Keep up your good work an this subject,
sir. You have the support of many people.
Thank you.
Very truly yours.
PB. I have submitted a letter which will
be published in our local Bergen County
newspaper advocating support for your po-
sition.
Thank you.
The next letter is from San Antonio,
Mrs. MIRIAM LEVIN.
March 28, 1964.
President LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR PRESIDENT JOHNSON: I am writing
to ask you to use all your influence to see
to it that there is an immediate withdrawal
of our military forces from South Vietnam.
I have seen on the television screen pic-
tures of napalm bombs which come from
our country, being used to burn out any
village in which they suspect guerrillas may
be hiding. In addition to napalm, we supply
a phosphorous explosive, fired from artillery
and also from fighter bombers which erupts
in a white cloud, burning through every-
thing it touches. I protest this brutality
and killing because it is wrong and this
kind of horror has never solved any prob-
lems and does not win a war.
Just why are we there? Does Vietnam
belong to us? It is not possible that there
is a legitimate revolution of the people going
on there. The Government now in South
Vietnam was not elected by the people and
does not represent them. South Vietnam
has known nothing but tyranny for the last
10 years. yet we insist on a policy of non-
interference in everything but fighting.
Are we killing women and children to
contain China? Is this the reason we are
being so immoral. Rotten means never jus-
tified any ends and we will lose moral leader-
ship in the eyes of the world if we continue
a senseless war.
A negotiated settlement by all countries
concerned is the beat solution, and this
negotiation cannot be settled without main-
land China.
The American people will support you
President Johnson, if you go to them and
ask for support for reconvening the Geneva
powers-the countries, including the Peo-
ple's Republic of China, which settled the
French Indochina war in 1954, to plan the
demilitarization and neutralization of the
whole southeast Asia area.
With sincere good wishes,
MIRIAM LEVIer.
The next letter is from New Milford,
N.J.:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Congratulations for your con-
tinuing criticism of our involvement in the
war in South Vietnam.
Your words "close to aggression" seemed
particularly appropriate because I feel that
many people (American and otherwise) feet
that we are continuing where the French
left off.
In my opinion our actions in Vietnam
represent anticommunism at Its most bys-
terical extreme. If there were clear-cut is-
sies of right and wrong there might be some
justifications for our tremendous expendi-
tures In money, materials and blood.
I, for one, object to American participa-
tion in the bombing of villaegs and jungles
because they are labeled "Communist con-
trolled."
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you very
much for your stand on the matter of Sec-
retary McNamara telling the world what
the United States will do in Vietnam or any
other place.
We think it Is time the UB. Senate starts
running the country again and not give
over all their authority to the President, the
Supreme Court. and the State Department.
Thank you for the consideration. I hope
you see it my way.
The next letter is from Los Angeles,
Calif.:
MARCH 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: I congratu-
late you for your urging to withdraw our
boys from Vietnam, and I hope you'll keep
on working until they come home.
shame in our foreign relations for too many
years. Your numbers are growing and I
have been pleased when I wrote to other
representatives in Congress, such as Sena-
tor MoGovERN, of South I)akotit, to find
that their favorable mail far outweighed
the unfavorable.
The only thing wrong with your stand is
that you did not go far enough, and I mean
in regard to our policy on Vietnam. There
is a general opinion that to withdraw from
Vietnam would occasion a great outcry
among the American people. Nothing
could be farther from the truth. The only
people who are Interested in maintaining the
war In Vietnam are the irdustrialists and
muniton makers who are rel.ping a rich har-
vest and a few politicians who are keeping
themselves in office by fooling the public
into believing that we are wanted and are
necessary there. The American people gen-
erally are sick and tired of our being in one
perpetual war some place or other and main-
taining a huge army that I. expensive, com-
pletely unnecessary and a disgrace to the
world. The only outcry you are going to
hear is from the boys In service who, if this
outrage of compulsory military trainining is
not soon stopped. are going to rise up in
wrath and make the present Negro uprising
look like a Sunday school picnic. I have a
son who was drafted last May and he tells me
that resentment among draftees is a hundred
percent and that the young men of this
country are sick and tired of being told they
must suffer and die for a freedom that they
themselves have been der led. The reason
why you fellows to Congress do not hear more
about this Is because the public has been
arm twisted into believing that any report
against it just leads to further harrassment
of the fellow who has been drafted by threats
of tines and imprisonment. All right, if we
live in a free country and if we cannot ap-
peal to our elected representatives without
being called malingerers, Communists, fel-
low travelers, and dupes of the Communist
conspiracy, then It's abou-; time some of us
got up on our own two feet and told the
world we have become exactly what we are
supposed to be fighting against. I. person-
ally, do not see much difference between be-
ing dictated to from Washington or Mos-
cow. And this, by the wl.y, is exactly what
the Communists have always predicted for
us.
If there is anything to the rumor that you
may be a future Secrets y of State it would
be a move in the right direction. What we
have there now and what we have had for
the past three administrLtions is what has
led us Into the present mess we are In. If
the President could be assured by the Amer-
ican people that a change: there and in the
Department of Defense would be to the hap-
Illness of the voting public I am sure he
would make that change. As a former Re-
The next letter Ls from California:
MARCH 25, 1964.
Hon. J. WILLIAM Fut.BRIGHT,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: The sanity and realism In your
today's foreign policy speech. pertaining
Cuba.-Panama, and Vietnam will Inevitably
touch off a flood of hateful repercussions
against you from the war hawks' quarters.
Because of It, as my own "rebuttal" to those
almost certain attacks on you, I am herewith
registering my own reaction to what you
said. and telling you of my almost complete
agreement with the views you so eloquently
and forcefully expressed.
The point on which we differ is that of
Vietnam, situated on another continent than
ours and on the other side of the world.
Everyone conversant with what is going on
in the world, Is fully aware that we are not
there for defense of the United States, but
to protect the selfish Interests of greedy cor-
porations and Individuals who seem to think
have a natural right to spread
th
that ey
themselves. like a gigantic octopus, over the publican I can speak for
myself
and many
entire earth. others who have left the
party
of the far
As matters stand
ican troops and right
A
now,
President
.
mer
In my opinion, all
nt should be promptly re- Johnson Is very popules. The
i
shoutings
pme
their equ
moved from Asia, and its people henceforth of the Goldwaters, Rockefellers,
'
and Nixons
oise
f
t
s a
be left to fight to a finish their own internal will avail them nothing. It
d d una - and that's all The voices of th
n
lo
o
e men like
p
an
affairs, without our unsolicite
preciated so-called assistance.
I expressed this opinion in a letter to
President Johnson just the other day. a copy
of which Is herewith being enclosed to your-
self.
The next letter is from Minnesota:
Senator WILLIAM FDLIDtrGHT,
Senate. Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: My heartiest congratula-
tions on your stand on Cuba and Panama.
We need more men like you in the Senate
and House to stand up and be counted for
what is clearly right and which has been a
.
Senator MoRSE, Senator McGovERN, and Sen-
ator M,%NSrIEt.n, and noa your own, are the
voices the vote s will to listening to be-
tween now and November. This town I live
in is an old Republican stronghold, it went
Republican along with Maine and Vermont in
1936, yet today I hear m-ich praise of Pres-
dent Johnson. I heard a man who has voted
Republican all his life say last week that
what we needed in Congress right now is a
few like Senator MORSE. Johnson is far more
popular here than Kennedy ever was. His
speeches on peace have been very well re-
ceived. The Ame lean people long for peace
and it Is the American people who are going
to elect a President next fall, not the muni-
tion makers.
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 1964 Approved For R@g,g3~-1 CA#6BCfi4Pr)W200130016-7
I am sending a copy of this letter to Sen-
ators MORSE and MANSFIELD. MCGOVERN al-
ready knows what I think, so do the two U.S.
Senators from Minnesota, who are fine men
and could be in far higher posts in the Gov-
ernment than they are now. I honestly be-
lieve that all you fellows need down there in
Washington is a few letters like this to as-
sure you that the American people in the
vast majority are with you in speeches like
you made yesterday. The Government in
Washington has lost touch with the people.
When I tell my neighbors and friends to
write to their Senators and Representatives
they shrink away and say that it won't do any
good anyway, that you will do just as you
please. I know that that is not true. How
can you represent us if you do not know
what we think? Why, if we really live in a
free country, have we no right to make our
wishes known? If we have come to this,
then I, for one, am ready to leave. My
ancestors pioneered and fought and died for
this country. If I cannot now make my
voice heard, if I am to be called names be-
cause I do not go along with the deadly con-
formity of the average citizen, then I will
pack up and go to Canada or some other
place where a citizen has not only a right,
but a duty to speak out.
As for you, and the men like you in Con-
gress, keep on with your views and your
speeches, if the people must be led, let them
be led right. And you are right. You are
right on Panama and on Cuba. You could
be even more right on Vietnam. Why put off
the inevitable? As we have done in Cuba
and Panama. Let's face it now and by the
time November rolls around there will be so
many other things to think about that Viet-
nam will be forgotten.
Sincerely yours,
The next letter is from Illinois:
MARCH 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE:
DEAR MR. MORSE: I want to commend you
for your courageous stand on Vietnam, I
just heard Edward P. Morgan comment on
your speech to the effect that,, it amounts to
aggression what our Government is doing in
South Vietnam, and that we should get out
of there.
I wholeheartedly agree with you.
Most respectively,
P.S.-Please send me a copy of your speech.
The next letter is from Florida:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to take this
occasion to thank you and congratulate you
for your statements of March 11 in re South
Vietnam and our foreign relations situation
in general.
In my opinion you are and have been cor-
rect in all of your opinions and the American
people can be glad there are a few at least in
our Congress who think correctly.
Keep up the good work.
Wishing you continued good health and
success in your efforts.
Sincerely,
The next letter is from Michigan:
MARCH 25. 1964.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Just another, I'm
sure, expression of appreciation for your fine
speech of March 4 on foreign aid and its rela-
tion to South Vietnam. Congratulations and
more power to you.
Respectfully yours,
policy. However, there is no guarantee that
we can keep this issue "on ice" for 6 months
and get you safely elected before you can
do a real job of reappraisal.
As a Democrat who works at the precinct
level, it simply does not make sense to me
to let the Republicans have Vietnam as an
issue in November, while we fool around
with an outmoded foreign policy invented by
John Foster Dulles. Aside from that, a dec-
ade has passed since "brinkmanship" was in-
vented, and we may have to face the facts
of life, as Walter Lippmann has stated, that
the whole world simply will not necessarily
conform to what we would like it to be.
With nuclear arms about, escalation of any
war is a dangerous game. We may be called
upon to agree that there is room for di-
versity in the world as Mr. Kennedy pointed
out.
As reports from the State Department have
often appeared to be conflicting and con-
trary to the facts as presented by the press,
I urge you to take into consideration the
views of Senator MORSE, Senator MANSFIELD,
Senator GRUENING, Senator BARTLETT, and
others who oppose escalation of the war in
Vietnam and favor an honorable and peace-
ful negotiation by all countries concerned.
Sincerely,
The next letter is from New York: I know that you are fully aware of this
Hon. WAYNE MORSE, possibility, and for that reason you would
The Senate, like to hold the status quo in Vietnam.
Washington, D.C. Keeping Cabot Lodge in Saigon is certainly
Iortnrignt and realistic stand with regards
to American foreign policy in Vietnam. It
goes without saying that yours is a voice in
a wilderness of impractical, costly and dan-
gerous solutions to a thankless situation in
southeast Asia.
I am writing also to Senator ERNEST
GRUENING, of Alaska, who, like you, supports
the withdrawal of troops from Vietnam, and
to my Senators from New York State urging
them to support any debate, discussion or
legislative proposal that would cease the
bloody and meaningless loss of innocent ci-
vilians and Americans lives in Vietnam.
What price is any American victory if it
means a possibility of greater military com-
mitment, support of unpopular regimes,
greater financial burdens and the spreading
of war?
As President Johnson so appropriately
stated yesterday in his speech to the AFL-
CIO, general war is impossible and our ob-
jective must be the "quest for peace." The
United States should strive for solutions to
world problems by action which befits the
greatest power in the world. These problems
cannot be solved by brute force as some
'people so glibly and unthinkingly suggest.
Our approach must be based on reason and
restraint.
Your continued support of a realistic pol-
icy toward Vietnam is most important in
our great deliberative assembly where the
marine callers and superpatriots so often
upset a sober and reasoned approach to our
country's problems.
Sincerely yours,
The next is a letter from Pennsylvania:
MARCH 16, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We receive the Eu-',
gene Register-Guard here, and were very
pleased to read your forthright statements
on the need for the United States to get out
of Vietnam. I checked back through the
New York Times of about the same period,
and am disappointed that they make no
mention of your brave statements.
I am enclosing a second, stronger letter
to President Johnson based on political ar-
guments. Thought it might interest you.
Sincerely,
The PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: As in the Korean war,
we again stand "on the brink" in Vietnam.
This was a policy promulgated by John
Foster Dulles and it cost us heavily in Ameri-
can lives and American funds. It stands as
one of the bloodiest wars in history. Poor
Mr. Truman was stuck with that war and
could not figure out any honorable solution
short of pouring more American boys and
more American arms into the caldron.
The weight of public protest during the
Korean war encouraged General Eisenhow-
er, then a presidential candidate to promise
thorough reevaluation of our policy. This
resulted in the end of that conflict.
Now it seems to me, Mr. President, that you
face a somewhat parallel situation in history.
By not taking a bold and dramatic step to
stop the war through negotiation right now,
you run the considerable risk of having a
Republican candidate ride into the Office of
the Presidency, just as Mr. Eisenhower did.
(And let me add that stopping the war In
Korea stands as the greatest contribution of
the Eisenhower administration.)
The next letter is from New York:
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Once again I take the time
to commend you for your remarks an the
American press which is concealing from
the American people the true facts as to
why American boys are being sent to their
death in South Vietnam.
Please send me copies of Senator GRVEN-
ING'S two speeches which you mentioned in
your remarks in CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of
March 13. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
6361
DEAR SIR: Glad to hear of your remarks in
the Senate re Vietnam last Wednesday. I
would appreciate it if someone on your staff
could send me speeches you have made, and
any other proposals by BARTLETT, GRUENING,
or MANSFIELD which pertain to Vietnam. We
are considering running an ad here, and
need more background information.
I'm wondering if anyone of stature has
made some concrete proposals on alternatives
in Vietnam-the kind of neutralization we
might seek. While I tend to agree with you
in an earlier statement you made that it is
hard to see how the populace could suffer
much more under communism than they did
under the Diem regime, I also believe that
we should look for a solution that will not
mean surrender, but that will allow us some
opportunity for nonmilitary aid and contact.
We can't force any people into freedom-but
we may encourage growth in that direction
if we're willing to work with them, as equals,
side by side. I'm afraid I have more faith
in the Peace Corps at this. point in history,
than in the Air Corps.
Enclosed is marred copy of letter to White
House commending your position. Maybe
they'll tabulate it or something. .
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 regard to our policy in South Vietnam, and
with the speech you made in the Senate on
this vital issue. We are using men and
arms and huge sums of money In a situation
which is. In my view, a hopeless one and I
endorse the policy of withdrawal as stated
both by yourself and by Senator GEUEN2Ni.
In regard to the medicaro bill which will
be financod through social security and
which Is now pending in the Congress, I
respectfully urge that It be passed. Even
in Its greatly amended form it will he at
least a step forward.
Yours truly,
My cheers and support far all your many
efforts in a wide variety of directions.
Sincerely,
MARCH 11, 19114.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I see my Senator, Wayne Morse
(I think he's the greatest, of course) called
today for withdrawal of American forces in
Vietnam. I haven't seen his speech, and
don't know what alternatives he proposed-
but surely we can be actively exploring pos-
sibilities for neutralization of the area. Per-
haps, after ourexperience over Laos, we can
find our way to a better solution under firmer
international controls.
Surely such a settlement would be in our
best Interests. Continued spending of Amer-
ican lives In support of a dictatorship ut-
terly distasteful to most of us, seems a tragic
waste. We, who are interested In building
peace in the world, and putting an end to
war, should surely be Interested in taking
new steps toward the building of Interna-
tional law and peacekeeping machinery in
this ugly situation.
Then, too, It Is In peace that the Institu-
tions of democracy can best grow. I doubt
even the most loyal South Vietnamese are
learning much about the real virtues of our
system from either our guns or our profes-
sionel military men. Teachers, doctors, tech-
nicians and Peace Corpsmen with some baste
understanding of our civilian institutions
could do far more to help the villagers find
a viable alternative to communism, than any
number of napalm bombs.
I have found most of your policies and
proposals to date, sir, sound and exciting,
and I am quickly becoming an enthusiastic
supporter. Our present policy in Vietnam-
and the utterly repugnant talk about Inva-
sion of the north-however, seems completely
out of character. Our posture there surely
Is winning none of the "noncommitted" peo-
ples to our support. Here we are cast in the
role of tyrants, shoring up a reactionary re-
gime, and apparently seeking to binder social
change rather than to direct it in positive
channels.
We need surrender nothing in the area.
We need only look for positive and peaceful
solutions in keeping with great aims and
heritage of our own society.
Sincerely,
The next letter is from Oregon:
MARCH 19. 1964.
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The next letter is from Oregon:
MARCH 19. 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Keep fighting to bring American Invasion
in South Vietnam to a quick end. Good
luck.
Mr. President, I submit for printing
in the RECORD sundry additional letters
and telegrams, with notations as to the
States of origin.
From Washington D.C.:
DEAR SENAToa MORSE: It is good to see
you putting the facts about the Vietnam war
into the RECORD and trying to get a change
in our policy in that area. There is no ex-
cuse for this Interference by the United
States In the affairs of southeast Asia, or
for the deaths, torture, napalm, etc., that
accompany our arrogant partisanship.
Do you have your speeches in form for dis-
tribution? If so, I should like to get copies
for myself and several friends.
Sincerely.
From Maryland:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have today read
a few excerpts of a speech you delivered to
the Senate the other day on our foreign
policy in Vietnam.
I wish to commend you for your upright
condemnation of our actions in Vietnam.
One of my sons was in Korear during our war
there and I certainly do not. want my other
two sons sent to Vietnam.
I am opposed to the killing of our man-
hood and the draining of our resources in
the quest of an incomprehensible, so-called
democracy, which starts out by supporting
and backing dictators all over Europe, Asia,
Africa, and South America. We need a little
more democracy (especially economic) at
home, before volunteering to force it on the
Asians.
I would appreciate your trending me Sen-
ator GRt'ENING'R as well as your speech re-
garding Vietnam.
Sincerely yours,
The next letters are from Oregon:
Hon. Senator WAYNE MossF,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: There certainly must be some-
thing wrong in our State Department's for-
eign policy. The U.S. prestige around the
world was never at such a low ebb, as at the
present time.
We read where our flag has been torn down
and trampled on. our Embassy's private prop-
erty damaged and destroyed In numerous
countries around the world-where we have
been insulted and told "Yankee go home"
after all the aid we have given them and still
continue to do so.
For example Panama-we still continue
giving them aid after all the Insults and
armed assaults on our citizens and after
breaking off diplomatic relations. A person
sure begins to wonder about Communist In-
fiitration In our State Department when we
look at the record.
And about Vietnam-we never can win the
war there under present conditions--we have
our men over there with Instructions not to
shootat the enemy unless they are shot at
first. How silly. We should either be willing
to go all out, or give them the "works" or
else get out and leave them alone-the
French couldn't win over there and neither
can we under our present setup-we are just
pouring our money down a rathole.
Enclosed clippings describe my sentiments
about our present administration on our
foreign aid and diplomacy, and I am sure
there are millions of Americans with the
same opinion.
Imagine giving aid to such a worthless
scoundrel as Sukarno of Indonesia and help-
ing him to take over Dutch West New
Guinea. How can anyone understand such
a foreign policy or diplomacy? I wouldn't be
surprised we end up by giving Panama the
canal. Nothing our State Department does
would surprise me any more. It's disgusting.
Y )urs truly,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR WAYNE: I congratulate you on your
speech of March 4 urging the United States
to get out of Vietnam and your overall ap-
praisal of China's position.
Since I was in the District of Columbia at
that time I did not hear of any publicity on
your speech In the Oregon press and do not
know whether there was any.
If you could send me a copy of your full
statement as it appeared in the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD, I would thank you. I have
seen only an abridgment from I. F. Stone's
weekly which justifies itself at times, despite
its own brand of bias.
With best wishes,
The next letter is from Oregon:
MARCH 14. 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
SIR: Your newsletters reach me regularly.
a e:ervice I greatly appreciate.
Your stand on the issues confronting the
Congress usually Is endorsed by me and I
was especially pleased with your stand in
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am deeply con-
cerned with our policy of supporting any
country whose leader says they are against
communism, but who is really a dictator,
and does not believe in democracy. An ex-
ample I have in mind is Gen. Francisco
Franco. who has been a dictator In Spain
since 1936. We give him $350 million per
year. I believe this Is a pure waste of money.
I appreciate your strong comments In
Congress on this subject. Thank you.
Sincerely yours,
From Kansas:
DEAR SIR: I have just rea3 an article con-
cerning your feelings about having our men
in South Vietnam. God b:.ess you.
My husband is stationed n Da Nang-and
I know he is doing a good job-but it sure
does seem hopeless. That whole affair over
there seems like a waste of men and money.
We are only doing half a job. So why start?
We need more decision. Hope Is fine, but in-
spection tours and news conferences never
won a war. If we are going to win, let's
fight. My husband is a man with 17 years'
experience In the Air Force and I am proud
of this, but he Is on a wild goose chase right
now I think. Ulcers aren't healed by hope
alone-and the whole of southeast Asia is
an ulcer on the face of the earth.
Another subject that I think is worth your
consideration is social security for widows.
A woman who looses her husband has to
wait 'til she is 62 before receiving any bene-
fits--even If her husband had been receiving
social security benefits before his death.
This can be a considerable hardship on the
widow and I believe this area of social se-
curity could benefit' from study.
With every good wish for your health I am
Yours very re-pcctfuliy,
From Georgia:
Senator MORSE AND MEMBERS OF THE SENATE.
Dear Saes: A few days ago I read in the
news of your and others opposition to our
boys being kept In Vietnam.
1. like hundreds of others agree that there
is no justification In having them placed
as a target, for the Communists. Please let
them fight their own war. So much money
is being spent, and our American boys are
losing their lives in a country that is so far
away, where we can't win if we tried.
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My son is there flying a helicopter in the
delta, and only under God's care has he
escaped.
My family knows what- war means, my
father, an uncle in World War I, my hus-
band in World War It, and now my son
in constant danger every time he flies. Can't
you do something please? My son's wife
and little son need him as so many others
need their father, but they are doing a job
for their country, can't we do something for
them?
If this war paid off, I guess it would be
different, but the struggle in Vietnam is an
old one, and will be, for a long time I am
afraid.
He has a little son, 8 months old, and she
(his wife) doesn't know how bad he is
wounded, he was struck in the head.
Thanking you for your time, I am just
an anxious mother.
Respectfully yours,
From Florida:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have read a re-
port of your speech to the Senate as printed
in St. Petersburg Independent, March 11. 1
want to say that there are thousands of
Americans who will heartily support your
stand on this Vietnam mess. I hope you will
continue to keep this position before the
people.
Respectfully yours,
From Washington, D.C.:
MY DEAR AND BELOVED SENATOR MORSE:
Your continued assertions on the withdraw-
al of military in Vietnam is welcomed by
peace movement throughout the country.
We have much to do before this view will
be accepted by the administration., First
of all many of your colleagues, such as Sen-
ators HUMPHREY, FULBRIGHT, SYMINGTON,
JAVITS, KEATING, PELL, MCGOVERN must also
speak up for international negotiations now
at the U.N. and at Geneva. We have waited
long enough before sitting down to the con-
ference table. What chance is there for
peace or for the U.N. if we do not use it
when war comes? Negotiate or perish.
There are really many alternatives to the
present situation. But the Senate will have
to speak loud and clear to all papers, to the
White House, and State and Defense Depart-
ments. Once again a foreign government
is going to run our policy like Nationalist
China, Germany, Cuban exiles, etc. Please do
not allow them to get away with this again.
It is not in our interest, in Vietnamese in-
terest to continue the war. I fully agree
with you. Only ask that you not let up
your assault and gain other supporters-
MANSFIELD should again speak, BARTLETT,
KEATING, GRU'ENING and should call at White
House to protest present plans to carry on
guerrilla actions against North. This would
have reverse effect-it would give Ho a
chance to really invade.
Writing many others around Capitol.
We will have peace soon.
Keep it up.
With love, respect, confidence, then we
have to get to Chinese representation which
is essential for developing a world communi-
ty and then question of NATO-good or
bad?
From Wisconsin:
PROVOST RESIDENCE,
Milwaukee, Wis.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for tak-
ing the fine stand in regard to Vietnam.
We don't want to sacrifice American boys
there anymore. What can we do to stop it?
Sincerely,
From New York:
'HONORABLE SIR: We agree wholeheartedly
with your views of South Vietnam. That
our boys have no right to die on foreign soil
for an unjust cause and an undeclared war.
Let the United Nations take over.
Please continue to fight for justice and
against involvement.
From Kansas:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I see by the newspaper that you
are and have been opposed to having Ameri-
can troops in Vietnam and I want to con-
gratulate you on this matter. I, too, am op-
posed to it and have been ever since this
business started. All of Vietnam is not
worth the life of one American boy.
Keep up the good work in this connection
and maybe our boys can all come home soon.
One other subject: I would like to ask your
consideration-it is social security for all
widows, regardless of their age.
My husband passed away very suddenly
21/2 years ago (heart attack). At the time
of his death he was 75. I am 20 years his
junior-now being in my 58th year. I must
wait until I am 62 at least before I can col-
lect on his social security. He had paid from
the day social security began. This does not
seem fair to me; just because I am younger
than he.
When this bill comes up again for con-
sideration I wish you would consider all
widows who are left alone. Maybe we can-
not all go to work and if we can, it would
be almost impossible to earn enough to bring
our social security up to the amount we
would be entitled to from our husband's
earnings.
And also what we pay into social security
from our lower earnings goes by the board
and is lost when we choose the greater
amount from our husbands' earnings.
I hope I have made myself clear and you
can see your way to trying to remedy this
situation.
In the meantime, keep up the good fight
on Vietnam.
Thanking you most sincerely for reading
this letter and with very kind regards, I am,
Respectfully,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
speech of March 5 to the Senate regarding
Vietnam. It was very important and ur-
gent. We are all very much concerned about
the turn of events in South Vietnam.
I have written to the President urging him
to find better ways of adjudicating the con-
flict.
It is my feeling that you and other serious
minded Senators should do a study on ways
and means of settling the conflict.
Isn't it naive to think that we can win a
war (which as you say) in a far-off land
and which will mean no victory-it will be
intervention. Better let us be the "peace-
makers." I think we are already too dan-
gerously deep already.
Thank you for all you efforts to save our
country from infamy and our children from
death.
Most respectfully,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Just heard over the radio
that you demanded in the Senate that the
United States get out of South Vietnam, stop
slaughtering American boys.
Bravo, I say. We have no business there,
and can't win this unpopular war-97 per-
cent of the Vietnam people are against the
United States and the Saigon military junta.
We who are informed know that the "Viet-
cong" are the millions of little people they-
who hate the United States and the Saigon
government.
Anyone with brains knows that a U.S. at-
tack on North Vietnam will involve China,
and anyone who thinks the United States
can attack China without the U.S.S.R. getting
in is crazy.
The United States has a sad penchant for
always getting into wars against the masses
of the people. Can't we say goodby to Sing-
man Rees, Chiang Kai-sheks, Batistas, Fran-
cos, and such scum?
Sincerely,
From New York:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: When, several
days ago, I read in the papers that you were
demanding the withdrawal of our troops
from Vietnam, I addressed a letter to the
New York Times, copy of which I enclose
herewith.
Needless to say, I have today received a
rejection notice from the Times.
I am one of the signatories of the "Open
Letter to President Kennedy on Ending the
War and Making Peace in Vietnam" which
was run as a paid advertisement last spring.
You might be interested that we received
requests from over 600 individuals and orga-
nizations, asking for reprints of this open
letter and through these, we distributed more
than 20,000.
I believe you will be interested in this
evidence of a strong opposition, throughout
the United States, to our Government's pol-
icy in Vietnam. From correspondence with
many of these people who distributed our
open letter, I know that this opposition has
grown and is continuing to grow since last
spring. I continually receive letters asking
us when we are going to repeat this expres-
sion of the opinion of the people of the
United States against the war in Vietnam.
With respect and admiration,
From New York:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator of Oregon,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I heartily congratulate you on
your courageous stand on the issue of
American Involvement in Vietnam. I agree
that we should have never gone in-and now
that we are involved, we should leave. I am
sure that there are many Americans who
applaud your actions and who will support
you and others who will fight for freedom
and justice even if you are alone, or are few.
Again, keep up the good work. We don't
want more American boys dying in south-
east Asia-we want them home.
Sincerely yours,
From New York :
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: You are so right about our posi-
tion regarding Vietnam.
That whole damned stinking southeast
Asia is not worth the life of one American
boy.
Also we should give more aid to the people
in Kentucky (coal miners) and one hell of a
lot less to other countries around the world.
Yours,
From Minnesota:
WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Congratulations and support for your
courageous action in denouncing our dirty
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war in South Vietnam thus striving to re-
store peace and our country's humanity.
From New York :
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
I applaud your sensible position on Viet-
nam.
Bravo.
MARCH 14. 1964.
DEAR SmR: I applaud wholeheartedly your
recent speech on Vietnam. Yours Is the
voice of sanity and commonsense and brings
a ray of light to an otherwise hopeless situa-
tion. Let us hope more and more people
will listen and take heed before the deeply
dangerous game turns us all to ashes.
Yours faithfully,
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Wife and I were
very happy to read about your efforts to
stop this Vietnam madness. Why haven't we
got more Senators like you?
The McNamaras, Taylors, and others ad-
vocating atomic war should read past and
recent history.
They are heading for disaster not only to
themselves and all the things we hold dear.
but to the whole world and human race.
In 1905 when I landed from Turkey, the
United States of America was the most dem-
ocratic, nonmilltartstie country on earth.
Now I can't recognize It.
It beats even the red sultan's doings. Of
course, the sultan never claimed to be a
Democrat. He was an absolute monarch,
and his word was law. He had millions of
Christian rebellious subjects bent on revolu-
tion and Insurrection, and to some extent he
was justified In his oppressive methods.
But we are Invading and fighting peoples
thousands of miles from our shore that never
did its any harm; that want to be friendly
and trade on equal terms as we asked old
King George to permit us to do in 1776.
When he sent the redcoats and German
mercenaries, we rebelled. Why should we be
surprised If now those oppressed people do
what we did? The British called us rebels
and hung us. We call them Communists and
are shooting them down by the thousands.
Now is the time to stop this madness, before
we are engulfed In a global atomic war,
wanted only by big monopolies and money-
bags, and sadists, and merchants of death.
Do the American people want that? No. I
challenge them to put to the vote of the
people. They don't dare. You are a Senator
and can fight. I can only write letters.
When in Turkey I joined the guerrillas,
fought the Turks, and we chased them out
of the Balkans In 1912. Here we have the
ballot and constitutional democratic govern-
ment. But it is failing us in this crisis that
may decide our fate and the fate of the hu-
nian race.
Respectfully,
Please keep up your good work. The peo- aims. So far, our well Intentioned efforts
pie of our country will be with you strong. have missed fire and engendered more ill
Your voice will be a mighty force which put will than thanks. When Cuba and Panama
a halt to this terrible business. can successfully defy us and make us look
Very sincerely, in the eyes of the world, it it. time to pause
From Florida:
MARCH 11, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MonsE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington. D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: As constituents of
yours for many years it is Inconceivable to us,
just as to what this administration is do-
ing In Vietnam (South). You are to be con-
gratulated on your upright and fearless
statement on this vital subject and the
shocklr.g waste of American blood and money
In South Vietnam has been a mystery to
millions in this country of ours. Just what
else but murder and how true your state-
ment that "All of South Vietnam is not
worth the blood of one American boy."
We most certainly nerd more good men
like Senator WAYNE MORSE to awake this
country to some of our foreign policy, that
does not make sense.
With kind regards and best wishes we are,
5tn.:creiy,
From Wisconsin:
MARCH 11, 1984.
DEAR SENATOR: In Vietnam we are fighting
a war which we have practically no chance
of winning In the foreseeable future, due to
the fact that those who are supposed to be
fighting the Communist are concerned
mostly with military coups and local politics.
The result will be neutralism. In Cambodia
we are Insulted and even our money aid Is
refused, and we are asked to guarantee their
neutrality-this we cannot do constitution-
ally-might we do It anyway?
The Braish tell us to our teeth that re-
gardless of our former help and friendship,
that they will take care of themselves first in
trade relations with Cuba, and will sell buses
or any other merchandise as they wish. In
other woids, regardless of friendship or the
danger of Communist penetration that they
regard the money (from trade) as more Im-
portant. Without our aid, the British would
have been defeated In both World Wars.
They also are actively trading with Red
Russia and Communist China.
The French also tell its to go hang, and
are actively promoting neutralism In south-
east Asia, where they collapsed after the
Second World War. They are now recogniz-
Ing China (Red) which is trying to take
over all of Asia-and also trying to influence
much of Africa. De Gaulle also now In-
tends to enter into Latin American affairs
with a lot of talk but probably will not
furnish any cash assistance worth mention-
ing. He also fancies himself as arbiter of
much of Africa although his country did not
have much success there. He Is apparently
trying to make up for four military defeats
since the Napoleonic era. In two of these
waes,, the United States, with bloody sacri-
fices, rescued France from under the German
heel.
Pakistan has turned from friendship with
the United States to cooperation with Red
China, and has established air communica-
tion with China from new airfields for the
building of which we provided the funds.
This was mostly because we asetated India
to resist invasion from Red China, and Paki-
stan resented the buildup of India's military
forces.
It is about time we reassessed the situa-
tion and started on a course of action that
will be of some benefit to this country for
a change. The only answer Is to scrap all
our former ideas on military and economic
aid and begin all over again with a program
that will be effective and accomplish our
and take another look.
Some of the former foreign aid could well
be turned into needed domestic aid to
eliminate excessive unemployment, to assist
In general and adult or vocational education.
and to fight unnecessary poverty.
Sincerely,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SrvAToR MORSE: Although not one of
your constituents, I am writing to express
my admiration of your courageous and wholly
accurate statements concerning our policy
In Vietnam. I read the report of your state-
ments In March 21 New Yors Times, almost
side-by-side with the news of the Vietnamese
(with U.S. military participation) attack on
a Cambodian village just as negotiations be-
tween Cambodia and South Vietnam were to
commence. Are we determined to precipitate
a major conflict? There wculd seem to be
no security, military or moral purposes to be
served by our continued participation in the
Vietnams-se situation, and t:ae vast sums of
money spent for that purpose could be more
effectively employed in a meaningful attack
upon poverty here at home.
A convening of the Geneva Powers for the
purpose of negotiating peace and a workable
situation within Vietnam would be a real
contribution to the cause of world peace.
Respectfully yours,
MARCH 23, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE:
I applaud your fight for our withdrawal
from South Vietnam.
Yours is a timely and courageous position
and is In the best interests of our Nation.
Respectfully yours,
From the State of Texai.:
MARCH 21, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Yesterday, I was shocked to
read. in a Salt Lake Newspaper, that Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk considered anyone
who did not agree with our country's foreign
policy a "quitter." I thought this was a free
country. One in which it was possible to
express an honest opinion.
To my mind the State Department is the
"quitter." Every time Russia or any other
country (no matter how small) takes an
aggressive action against us. we back up and
think of ways of appearing them. If we
took a firm stand, other countries would
respect us.
Your remarks with reference to Secretary
Rusk's statements pleased me. A clipping
from a Salt Lake paper is enclosed.
You cannot buy friends ether as a country
or an individual. It Is now time for other
countries to support themselves.
Sincerely,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington.
DEAR SENATOR: It was with much pleasure
that I read in the Oakland Tribune a resume
of what you told the Foreign Relations Com-
mittee recently regarding South Vietnam.
You are right, we should never have gone
there; those people were entitled to an elec-
tion within 2 years after the French removal
but our Government moved right In disre-
garding their rights and all promises.
It has cost us millions of dollars and what
are we getting in return? We are getting
nowhere fast.
Hon. WAYNE T. MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR Sm: The writer listened with in-
terest and appreciation to your television
comment this week on tie subject of our
foreign aid program. You stated your posi-
tion on this matter forthrightly and with
simplicity.
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Because of your concern over the econom-
ics and expenditures of our Nation, I am
taking the liberty to enclose an article which
I clipped from a Baptist weekly bulletin. I
am sure you will find it interesting.
Very truly yours,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
MARCH 22, 1964.
MY DEAR SENATOR: Please accept our ex-
pression of appreciation for your comments
on South Vietnam made in the Senate March
4.
Humanity, commonsense, and political in-
telligence all make our immediate with-
drawal an imperative. 'It is frightening to
consider that up to now so few voices have
been raised against a bloody and self-defeat-
ing policy; frightening in that the American
public seems to accept passively whatever
rosy pictures are painted for it by our lead-
ers and the mass media.
May we request that you continue your
notable efforts toward effecting a speedy
withdrawal of American troops from South
Vietnam?
Yours very truly,
HOn. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am enclosing
a copy of a letter to President Johnson on
the subject of our policy in Vietnam,
Please accept my support in your sear h
maintenance of our present stance in Viet-
nam.
As a concerned citizen, I voice to you my
misgivings about the escalation of the war
through military strikes closer to the fron-
tier of China. Under the circumstances, the
neutralization of North and South Vietnam,
supported by international guarantees, seems
the more reasonable policy to pursue.
Respectfully yours,
From the State of California:
MARCH 21, 1964.
DEAR PRESIDENT JOHNSON: We hope that
you will give more weight- to the sound
opinions of Senators ERNEST GRUENING and
WAYNE MORSE than to the rash commitments
of Secretary of Defense McNamara for un-
limited aid to the present Vietnamese rulers,
who do not represent the people.
We believe that you should recall our
troops from Vietnam in favor of neutraliza-
tion and demilitarization of the whole south-
east Asia area. The United States is losing
moral leadership in the world by continuing
this brutal and futile war.
As lifelong Democrats, we favor letting the
Republicans campaign as war-whoopers
while we demonstrate in this crucial pre-
election period that we are for peace.
- Cordially yours,
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Above is a copy of
the letter we sent to the President after
reading about your fine statements regard-
ing the situation in Vietnam.
Gratefully,
for alternatives to the present impassee in From Nebraska:
th
t
a
country.
The decision. of Secretary Rusk to label
critics of his policy "quitters" does not seem
to me to serve the interests of our Nation,
the Democratic Party, or working democracy
in this country.
Your courage is appreciated.
Respectfully yours,
MARCH 21, 1964.
The PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
My DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: At a moment
when it appears that our policy in Vietnam
is to become a matter of public debate, may
I add my voice to those who oppose an esca-
lation of the war, and seek a satisfactory
termination to our involvement in that
country.
According to reporter John D. Morris in the
New York Times this morning, we have now
spent nearly $3 billion in military and eco-
nomic aid in South Vietnam, after nearly
9 years of involvement. The prospects for a
termination of guerrilla war in that country
seem poor, given the terrain, the apparent
unwillingness of the Vietnamese to commit
themselves to their own defense and the
direct interest of Communist China in fo-
menting the guerrilla war.
I know that you are interested in wide-
spread public support for the program of
your administration, and I have whole-
heartedly supported your domestic policy in
the area of civil rights and the war against
poverty. Eventually, it seems to me that
public suport will have to be developed for
the policy of a negotiated peace in Vietnam,
if the Democratic Party is to avoid the stigma
of appeasement. I do not understand why
Secretary of State Rusk should label critics
of our present policy "quitters," since this
pins the interests of our country and the
fortunes of the Democratic Party to the
No. 58-13
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Just a wish to congratulate
you on your stand, in disagreeing with our
Secretary of State, Dean Rusk on the foreign
aid program, and on South Vietnam.
Personally, I feel that we kicked China, as
well as Cuba, into Russia's lap; that there
would be no Communist China today, were
it not for our State Department trying to
save some of our vested interests there. Be-
fore World War I we had a like rumpus
with Mexico over the oilfield at Tampico.
However, this one fizzled, and Mexico went
ahead with their nationalization.
The smartest move President Eisenhower
ever made was when campaigning over in
Iowa, he stated, "If I am elected President,
I'll bring the boys home from Korea." This
one statement did more to elect him than
any other move in his election. Somewhat
the same thing could happen in the coming
election in regard to South Vietnam.
When our vested interests leave our shares
to accumulate their fortunes in a foreign
country, they should become citizens of that
country, and not expect Uncle Sam to send
the marines down to pull their marbles from
the fire.
Russia today is offering more incentives
than this country in many lines-they are
digressing from some of their originals in
their thinking. While in our country, our
free enterprise system is falling on their
faces if it were not for the constant help
from the Government Treasury. We just
cannot stand on our own individual feet.
I think you are aware of this, and Senator,
more power to you.
Yours truly,
From the State of Ohio:
DEAR CONGRESSMAN MORSE: Three cheers
for you that we should stay out of south
Vietnam. How right you are that the white
man has never conquered that area. I as
a mother am weary of stewing about our
boys going in service. In fact, I am very
much for abolishing it or at least cutting
the length of time down. I can well re-
member when we had no such thing and
so why not again? War brings nothing but
debts and heartaches, and having a fiance
that was killed in service how well I know.
I am also happy that you feel as you do
about this parochial aid to schools, again
why? It is the church that wants it so let
them kick in.
Sincerely,
From the State of New York:
MARCH 23, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: The reports from South Viet-
nam have been contradictory and misleading,
both from Mr. Lodge and Mr. McNamara. It
is shameful that American soldiers are in
South Vietnam supporting one rotten dic-
tatorial regime after another. Without our
support these regimes could not have sur-
vived.
If we wish to prevent the South Viet-
namese from becoming Communists, burning
their villages, poisoning their food crops, and
putting the peasants into concentration
camps will not incline them toward American
democracy. We are doing everything we can
to make them hate and fear us.
I hope our Government is not misguided
enough to attempt to carry the war into
North Vietnam, and to use nuclear weapons.
This brinkmanship is a dangerous and crim-
inal policy.
Your speech on March 4, of which I read
excerpts was a gleam of hope and sanity in
a mad situation. i hope your efforts to re-
store us to sanity will continue and will be
effective.
Sincerely,
An Anxious and Ashamed American
Citizen.
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I just want to thank you for
your magnificent speech in the Senate. Stop
the killing in South Vietnam. Bring the boys
home.
I just wrote the President urging him to
end the bloodshed.
Keep up the good work. Small wars can
easily become big ones and from them no-
body is going to survive.
Again my thanks,
Sincerely,
From Wisconsin:
DEAR SENATOR: Let me comMarch 24, 1964.
mend you for
the courageous stand your are taking on the
Vietnam situation. Also for calling it just
what it is: Murder.
I would like to know the names of other
Senators and legislators who are supporting
you on your stand.
Respectfully yours,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SIR: I fully endorse your thoughts
on South Vietnam.
Please keep up fighting until you succeed
to get our Government agencies to stop this
dirty war and the honor of our country.
Respectfully yours,
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country of the world for labor and materials
when we have the old unemployment prob-
lem etc., here at home? Wouldn't some high
import duties on these films help solve this?
How many Russians have been killed in
Vietnam getting those people there who are
Communists to fight for their cause as com-
pared to the Americans who have been killed
getting them to fight for the American-spon-
sored cause?
It has been said that we have a hard time
getting those people to fight for their cause,
and It Is costly in American lives, but why
haven't we heard of the cost In Russian lives
or whoever is supposedly forcing the other
side to fight. Or, are we sponsoring Viet-
namese against the other Vietnamese who
disagree with us. It this question is con-
fusing. believe me, It's clear compared to the
.situation as I see It In Vietnam.
What's more confusing is why we have all
that modern equipment and thousands of
men plus a million dollars a day expended
there and the Vietcong has bushmen and
old outdated equipment. and we seem to be
getting nowhere. If an outfit like the Cong
will fight that vigorously against those kind
of odds, they must be fighting for a better
cause than what we are saddled with there.
How and who can Inspire the Cong to right
against these odds, when we are supposed to
have so much to offer the other side? Are we
supporting a small minority group that really
doesn't agree with us at heart?
Senator WAYNE MORRIS,
Senatc Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I agree heartily with
your statement before the Senate on March
4, that the U.S. unilateral participation In
the South Vietnam war cannot be justified.
I feel that we have no moral right to be
engaged in that civil conflict and that the
practical reasons our Government gives for
our involvement seem absurd.
Please send me a copy of your March 4
address.
Very truly yours,
MARCH 21, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SENATOR: I wish to express my sup-
port of your position concerning Vietnam.
I am shocked at Secretary of State Rusk.
Up to a month ago I believed he was an ex-
cellent Secretary of State, never giving vent to
invection like Acheson or to preaching like
Dulles. This calm seemingly reasoning per-
son suffering frustration now indulges In
accusation which raises questions as to his
abilities.
Senator MORSE, I admire your guts. I wish
you 'ong residence on Capitol Hill. I wish
you would join more strongly In support of
Senator CLARK in his attempt to democratize
the Senate.
Can you send me copies of your speech
on Vietnam or Panama and on disarmament?
Neutralization is an answer to our problem.
De Gaulle has worthwhile ideas. I used to
dislike the old boy. But he has been success-
ful.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I support your contention
that we must withdraw our forces from
Sough Vietnam.
Yours truly,
Currently I'm for:
1. Civil rights, slowly In
2. A tax cut, of course.
3. Old-age medicare.
4. For our State, a sales tax, excluding
food.
I want to congratulate you on the job you
are doing for Oregon and the country alike.
Your judgment on subjects in the past has
been interesting and sound. I like your
sound thinking before action, and action
when the need Is urgent.
Very sincerely,
MARcii 7. 1963.
Senator MORSE: You have taken some very
principled stands on a lot of things. Please
take one more and support Senator MANS-
YiELa on a change of our policies In Vietnam.
I am very fearful of what may happen if the
war is extended north.
Sincerely yours,
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: When you were here
in Oregon last week I had Erna Hains, of
Berkeley, here at our house. She is a mem-
ber of the National Board of Women's Inter-
national League for Peace and Freedom and
was here to give our local chapter some in-
formation about the seminar in Washington
on February 7-9. I believe you know her.
She was lavish in her prase of Oregon's
congressional delegation. We are truly
proud of you all.)
When I was free to call you it was too late
and I had so many questions to ask about a
lot of things, too. But for this time I will
may that we here in Oregon are deeply dis-
turbed over the terrible situation we are in
in Vietnam. I know you -lave been very
critical of our military aid n many places,
now others are becoming alarmed and maybe
something can be done about it.
Senator BARTLETr, of Alaska, and Senator
MANSVIELD are alarmed. It seems to me that
most of the nations are opposed to our course
of action there, too. Is there anything an
ordinary citizen can do about it?
I am writing to the Presic'.ent and to Sec-
retary Rusk asking that a negotiated settle-
ment be undertaken. I hope you will support
the position that WILPF takes on this issue.
Congratulations on your talk to the Port-
land Chamber of Commerce.
Thank you and sincerely yours,
From North Carolina:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I art an old resident
of Eugene, and you may remember that I
met you several times in Washington at Ore-
gon meetings and at the altmni luncheon of
the Industrial College of Cite Armed Forces
where you made such an ou.standing speech.
Some of the alumni who came to scoff re-
mained to pray.
The most refreshing thing I have read for
a long time Is Allen and Scott's column
which appeared in the loca. Asheville morn-
ing paper yesterday with art account of your
remarks on South Vietnam in a private con-
ference between Secretary Rusk and the For-
eign Relations Committee. What we are
doing now may be all right, but it has the
look of a creeping involvement which may
drag us into disaster. As the Chinese grow
stronger we may be practically certain that
they will expand their efforts throughout
southeast Asia.
Enclosed find a copy of a short article re-
cently published by me. The latter part.
dealing with southeast Asia, is much in
harmony with your ideas.
With warmest regards, I ma,
Cordially yours,
P.S.-I've also written the President and Sec-
retaries of State and Defense.
The following letters from Oregon:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to express
some views on some subjects and present a
question or two.
I think the foreign aid program should
be continued to the most deserving coun-
tries but under very close supervision by
Americans on the spot. It seems that at
pre:;ent some of these countries are holding
an ax over our head; and If we don't give
them money, they will go Communist. I say.
if they don't want to take our money under
our supervision, let them go elsewhere.
As an old retired Navy man, who had sev-
eral tours in the Panama Canal Zone. I think
it would be a gross mistake to give up control
of ,he zone to anyone; least of all the Pana-
manians. The equipment, etc., would be out
of commission and the shops looted within
6 months. What they had left, Castro agents
would take care of after that. There are
just too many fanatics in this little coun-
try to handle so vital a channel.
I think the Communists should be allowed
to buv all of our wheat and any other non-
strategic Items, but they should pay cash on
the line for them. If they have to spend
cash for food, maybe they won't have quite
so much left for rockets and Castro-type
ventures.
If the U.S. gold outflow is our big worry,
why aren't some brakes applied to the large
movie companies who spend millions In every
From Pennsylvania:
DEAR SIR: May God bless you. Senator
MoasE. for laying the facts on the line con-
cerning our rather dubious involvement in
South Vietnam
The saber rattlers here and in South Viet-
nam may have their day" but in waging a
callous. Inhuman nuclear war, the moral
fiber of this entire Nation will be rendered
void.
On the other hand, anything short of nu-
clear or atomic involvement would spell ca-
tastrophe, also.
Dr. Bernard B. Fall, in his book "The
Street 'Without Joy." claims that our military
advisers are beset with the same vices that
befell French union forces In this area.
Granted this Is true, how can this great Na-
tion expect to come out tiny better than the
French?
Senator MORSE. you. along with Senators
CLARK. CASE, and one or two others are facing
the grave issues of the day foursquare.
The following from Oregon:
DEAR SENATOR Moasr: Your stand on Viet-
nam is the only positive voice I have heard
for preventing all undeclared war and the
loss of more lives. What has happened to
our other Senator?
The following from Oregon:
HOIn. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator from Oregon.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: This Sunday evening we have
seen the films on television of the overthrow
of the Diem government in South Vietnam.
I believe this is good evidence of the
hypocrisy of the United States trying to save
countries like this from 'ommunism. For
the life of me. I cannot see how we can con-
tinue to support messes like this all over the
world. The new Government in South Viet-
nam will be just as corrupt and tyrannical
as the Diem regime.
Those were American guns, American-made
uniforms, American trucks, American-made
helmets, and other equipment furnished by
us on the men that we saw shooting at each
other. I can see no honor in this revolu-
tion for us Americans, and we are going to
start shelling out for the>e people just like
we did for Diem.
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE 6367
You have proclaimed that you are going
to see that more effective use is made of
money going for foreign aid. You have my
permission to stop it all. American soldiers
have no business being in Vietnam at all.
Let's try letting these other people fight
their own battles.
Yours very truly,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Offices,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: It was heartening to
have you speak out against the remarks of
Secretary McNamara. Why should these men
be committing us to such a futile war and
assuming foreign policy direction?
Now the French lived and ruled among
these people for years and with good soldiers
and knowledge of the language they were
forced to get out. Do we think we are more
adept in dealing with these inscrutable orien-
tals?
After careful reading of Pearson's and
Anderson's book as well as Lederer's "Na-
tion of Sheep," I am convinced we seem to
act like babies in the woods. Evidently
these natives resent our throwing our weight
around and our dollar diplomacy. This com-
munism bogy may help some politicians get
elected but they might better delegate their
efforts to our own grave problems which are
mounting.
Thank you for speaking out against this
action as well as much of foreign aid.
Very sincerely,
From Missouri:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
SIR: Your statement relative to the pro-
posed foreign aid request this morning was
telecast on television in which you made
known your opposition and your reasons why,
including our "mess" in Southeast Asia.
As an ordinary citizen, who desires to keep
the United States a country to be proud of,
I wish to express my congratulations to you
for having the courage to speak out against
such nonsense and impracticable programs
and also being just as courageous for fighting
for the proper ones. The people in this sec-
tion agree with your views overwhelmingly.
Please do not take the time to reply to this
letter as I know you are busy.
Respectfully,
From Oregon:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I am a native Oregonian,
born in Marshfield 69 years ago, a World War
I veteran, also a retired locomotive engineer,
was on the Portland division for nearly 45
years, worked out of Eugene a lot of the
time, Southern Pacific Railroad.
I am not in the habit of writing letters to
city, county, State, or Federal politicians, in
fact this is my first attempt, now that I am a
pensioner I get time to read a lot, and there
are some things I cannot understand and
would like to get your opinion.
I have been reading about South Vietnam
and I cannot understand why they have our
boys fighting and getting killed over there,
in my opinion that dirty, stinking country
and the people in in are not worth one good
American boy. Let the Commies have it, it
would be a good thing for this country, they
cannot feed or govern themselves and if
China took over they would have just that
many more people to care for and the cost
would be so great that China would crumble
from the extra burden.
After all the aid the United States has
given to Vietnam, they are in a worse mess
today than when we started, let us stop.
Look at the money that has been sent out
of this country as foreign aid and what do
we get for it, a kick in the pants and a stab
in the back whenever they get a chance to
do it, if we had kept the money at home we
would have no need to start a war on poverty,
there would be none.
The tax cut bill has passed and it is writ-
ten as it shoud be, those that need it the
least got the biggest cut, those who need it
most got the least, and increased prices will
get it all and maybe more, but one good
thing about the bill is, the big oil operators
get to keep their depletion allowance, and
that will keep them from being poverty
stricken so the President will not have as
many poverty cases to war on.
I am a registered Democrat and have been
for years, but in general election I vote for
who I think is the best man, I even voted
for you when you were a Republican can-
didate and have voted for you ever since, be-
cause you are one of the too few good men in
Washington. I think you are honest and
vote as you think will do the most good for
our country and you are not afraid to speak
out on any legislation on any person that the
Senate has to act on. Senator I think we
should keep our missionaries at home, from
what I have read about Washington, D.C.,
they could use a lot of them there, officials
advise women not to go out alone after dark,
they could be robbed, raped, or murdered,
and that in the Capital of our country and
we the most enlightened country in the
world. Have we?
Hope I can vote for you for many years to
come.
Sincerely,
From New York State:
MARCH 15, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to thank you
for your statement to Secretary of State
Rusk in regard to Vietnam. We should get
out and now and I hope there will be many
more as sane voices as yours.
I am writing President Johnson to this
effect.
Yours truly,
MARCH 16, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I Wish to commend
you for your. speech in Senate on March 4
re Vietnam-at least the excerpts I have
just read in I. F. Stone's Weekly.
Thank goodness someone is talking some
sense on this problem.
Respectfully,
From Massachusetts:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The American
people owe you an unspeakable debt for your
farsighted and forthright statement in the
Senate on March 4, calling for the with-
drawal of our troops from Vietnam and es-
pecially warning against our extending the
war into North Vietnam. Our utterly un-
justifiable meddling in Vietnam, in dishon-
orable violation of our pledge to respect the
1954 Geneva agreement, has brought our
country to the brink of catastrophe and hor-
ror, which could well escalate into nuclear
cataclysm if we permit an attack on North
Vietnam.
You may be interested to see a copy of
the letter which I recently wrote to the Pres-
ident.
I beg you to continue this fight unremit-
tingly, and all the American people except
the small proportion of maniacal right, will
back you up.
With profound gratitude for your courage
and statesmanship.
Sincerely yours,
P.S. I should be very happy to receive a
copy of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD contain-
your full speech, or any other copy of the
speech, if it is available.
MARCH 5, 1964.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I am aghast at recent
suggestions that your administration is con-
templating enlarging the Vietnam war by
extending it to North Vietnam through raids,
bombardments, or blockade.
The charge that the guerrillas get their
arms from North Vietnam is, on its face, pre-
posterous, since the main fighting is in the
Mekong Delta 600 miles to the south, with
government forces in the intervening area.
Actually, the guerrillas are now fighting
chiefly with American arms captured by them
in raids or brought over by the tens of thou-
sands of defectors from the government
troops.
To use this arms excuse for an attack on
North Vietnam would be sheer madness.
China is pledged to come to the support of
North Vietnam if attacked (remember Ko-
rea?), which would insure a bloodier and
longer drawn-out war, with U.S. troops be-
coming more and more involved and thou-
sands upon thousands of American boys
dying, even as the French Army of 200,000
(plus 200,000 Vietnamese) died for 7 long
years and met utter defeat at the end. Is this
a policy any sane government would adopt?
An attack on North Vietnam and Chinese
involvement could even escalate into the final
nuclear holocaust, for the U.S.S.R. has re-
cently clearly warned us (New York Times,
Mar. 1) that they "might not stand idly by
if the United States took direct military ac-
tion against North Vietnam or Communist
China."
Surely in the face of these realities no one
but the most insane militarist clique of the
Pentagon could contemplate attacking, di-
rectly or indirectly, North Vietnam, espe-
cially since we have open to us an immediate,
honorable, and peaceful solution of the Viet-
nam situation; namely, to put into operation
the Geneva agreement of 1954-which we
officially pledged to respect-to stop the fight-
ing, withdraw our Armed Forces, and arrange
for the holding of nationwide elections for a
democratic, neutral, unified Vietnam. I beg
you to adopt this policy of sanity and peace.
Sincerely yours,
Hon. WAYNE B. MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am writing you
not to ask for anything for myself, on the
contrary, I am writing to pass some informa-
tion and views on so you can evaluate and
consider them for whatever they are worth.
Sitting here on duty in South Vietnam as
I am, I sometimes wonder if the people
in the States are getting a complete and
unabridged version of the news. From past
experience I know that news is somewhat
toned down by the time it is released for pub-
lic information in the States. To one extent
I appreciate this fact as I would not want
my wife and children as well as my family
and friends to know the full truth about the
situation in this area. I believe it best that
they be spared all of the worry which would
be aroused by full and complete knowledge
in detail of what is happening in this area.
I do believe though that our lawmakers
should have this knowledge made available to
them. From some of the news received here
in the past from the States it seems that
they are either, somewhat in the dark about
affairs in this part of the world, or that they
simply do not care. I prefer to believe that
the news is not made available to them. I
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believe that all available Information should
be evaluated before any decisions on any
matter should be made.
There is an excellent English speaking
newspaper published In Saigon. I feel that
this paper publishes as close to an unabridged
sampling of the feelings of the Vietnamese
people and the current news of southeast
Asia as is obtainable. This newspaper will
express a pat on the back when it is due, at
the same time expressing a firm reprimand
when it is deserving. This paper prints arti-
cles which attack as well as praise the policies
of the United States, as well as Vietnam and
many other countries. With your permis-
sion, periodically I will send you articles as
well as editions of this paper along with my
feelings on the matters concerned.
Enclosed you will find clippings from the
February 17 edition concerning the Pershing
Field blast and the Kinh-do-Capitol theater
bombing. The eyewitness report of the Per-
shing Field blast clearly notes that the Viet-
namese people knew that the bombing was
to take place. The article on the Kinh-do-
Capitol theater bombing was truly a das-
tardly act, taking out vengeance on defense-
less women and children as well as the Ameri-
can troops (commonly referred to as
advisers). The article on the Kinh-do-Capi-
tol bombing in the February 18 edition
clearly shows by the wav that the Vietnamese
policeman left prior to the blast that a bomb-
ing was either suspected or known to be
following.
Reference February 18 edition: "Sihanouk
Threatens to Seek Alliance with North Viet-
namese." You will note the picture of Cam-
bodian Chief of State Prince Norodom Sihan-
ouk inspecting Russian MIG-17 jet fighters.
The article quotes Prince Sihanouk as saying,
"We will not help North Vietnam In its strug-
gle against South Vietnam and will not favor
the Vietcong but in case North Vietnam is
attacked, Cambodia will war at her (North
Vietnam's) side and vice versa." Another
alleged incident such as happened when a
Cambodian village was bombed by the Viet-
namese Air Force could touch off another
incident such as Korea.
On page 2 you will notice that some 12,000
persons are being treated for starvation in
hospitals overflowing with patients, and
emergency camps set up by the Indonesian
Government. At the same time you will
note oil page 5 an article about the AFL-CIO
dockworkers boycotting the shipment of
grain to Russia. There seems to be a strange
contrast between a famine in Indonesia and
the sale by the U.S. Government of wheat to
Russia. I had previoulsy considered the In-
donesi:tns to be friendly to the United States-
I wonder if this action won't leave a bad taste
in the mouths of the peoples of other south-
east Asian countries. Also on page 5 I note
the Russians are borrowing a half billion
dollars from Great Britain. Do you think
that in the complexity of international eco-
nomics that we may in the long run be pay-
ing for the wheat which we sold to the
Russians?
The 76 or more American casualties in an
8-day period plus a compounding of the
aforementioned incidents plus many other
questionable acts of late cause grave con-
cern in the minds of many of us serving In
this area. I might well imagine this con-
cern is shared by many others in the United
States as well as abroad.
Had this been even 1 year ago I would
have written to the Honorable CLArR ENGLE,
of California. I have always had the utmost
respect and admiration for him. I do not
know -.he status of Mr. ENGLE as news is
rather limited from the States. Just before
I left the States In August he had just been
operated on for a brain tumor and the press
releases at that time Indicated that he would
never be able to fill his office again. I was
indeed sorry to hear this.
I consider home to be Red Bluff, Calif.
Currently my wife and three children are
living In Maxwell, Calif. I have been In the
U.S. Air Force for about 12 years, and am
planning to continue my service, making this
my career.
I do not make a habit of writing Senators,
sir. In fact I probably hate letter writing
more than most people, but. I feel so strongly
about these matters that I felt it my duty to
write and express my opinion. I decided
upon you to write as I have requested as-
argument in the State of Oregon upon termi-
nation of my tour of duty here In South
Vietnam. I have requested duty at Kingsley
Field at Klamath Falls, Oreg.
Sir, I appreciate your indulgence in these
matters and sincerely hope that you do not
take offense to these opinions and observa-
tions which I have stated. I personally feel
much better having written you and, so to
speak, getting these matters off my chest.
Yours truly,
From Oregon:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
As longtime admirer and new constituent
applaud your Vietnam speech keep It up.
Senator WAYNE MORSE
Senate Office Building,
Washington. D.C.:
Support your courageous statement regard-
ing U S. withdrawal from South Vietnam
war.
Thank yoa
Senator WAYNE MORSE:
DEAR SIR Congratulations on your stand
on the Vietnam situation. This fiasco may
yet develop into another Korea unless more
voices like yours are heard on the subject.
If we continue to send military personnel
to murder Viet Cong how long will It be
before the Chinese send in their military
personnel to murder Vietnamese? I say
murder because that is exactly what It is
where there is no question of direct national
defense.
Besides the millions spent in this utterly
futile, negative and purposeless enterprise,
we have lost 121 American lives to date.
My personal opinion is that If this is typical
of our foreign policy, it stinks. We should
stay out of Asia entirely unless we wish to
take over and be completely responsible for
it or any fraction thereof. Anything short
of this Is a losing game and it were far bet-
ter then to let the commies have the onus
of these pathetic and apathetic little coun-
tries-and that Includes Formosa.
Sincerely yours,
Senator WAYNE MoasE.
Senate Office Building.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: You are to be con-
gratulated for your forthright stand in call-
ing for the withdrawal of our troops from
South Vietnam.
't'his Is to advise you that I have today
written to president Johnson informing him
of my support of your position, and urging
him to use his office to withdraw our troops
from that beleaguered area. Unfortunately.
my typewriter does not make sufficiently
clear carbons to permit me to send you is
carbon of my letter, but I trust that this
note of support will suffice.
Thank you for voicing such sorely needed
sentiments. Let me know If I can support
you in this In any other way.
Sincerely yours,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: A few months ago
I remember you stated your opinion of the
war we are carrying on in Vietnam, which
was, we should get out. Sine; then the ad-
ministration has expressed itself as being
for engaging in war there on even a greater
scale.
I was happy to note that Senator MIKE
MANSrrELD came out against the dangerous
and inhuman policy we are carrying on in
Vietnam. I hope you are still of the opinion
you were a few months ago and give Senator
MANSFIELD support, for I fear he will need
support in this war-mad era
This Is, I am sure, the most important
matter in the Nation or, should I say, the
world right now.
Respectfully yours.
Hon. WAYNE L. MORSE.
U.S. Senate.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
speech against any deeper entanglement in
South Vietnam, a country where we have al-
ready wasted money and (what is far worse)
sacrificed American lives for no rational pur-
pose. It is obvious that we can no more hold
It permanently than the Communists can
hold Cuba.
You are also right In your criticisms of Mr.
Rusk and Air. McNamara. Robert McNamara
is the best Secretary of Defense in our his-
tory, but, as you said, even r e has not the
right to commit the Nation to war without
consulting its representatives.
I would have written earlier. but did not
know anything about your speech until
reading about It In this morning's New York
Times. For a long time it seemed as if every-
one in Washington was resigned to our slid-
ing helplessly into a deeper and deeper corn-
mitment to war.
It is good to know that there will be a pow-
erful voice raised in the Senate against this
inexcusable waste of lives. You deserve the
gratitude of all the thousands of men whose
lives may he lost in Vietnam, and of their
families.
I wish there were more men with your
courage in Washington.
Sincerely yours,
MARCH 21, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Today in the Times
I saw that you are for getting its out of fight-
ing In Vietnam. I am sure that there are
millions who agree with you. Some might
not have the time or energy io write; some
might hesitate to go on record against official
policy. But the best hope for ,hose suffering
people is to have peace, neutrality, and a
chance to vote for what they want. Trying
to force water to run uphill is no part of the
duty of a truly free world.
Thank you for your courage and your keen
analysis. I hope you can persuade more
Senators to speak up for a change in policy.
Sincerely yours,
From California:
HOn. WAYNE: MORSE.
U.S. Senate.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: As representative of
a small community group I wish to express
our appreciation to you on behalf of the
many Americans who share your views and
criticisms of the U.S. foreign aid program.
Without exception, the expressions and
views of our group condemn this contro-
versial waste of the taxpayers' and Govern-
ment funds, We recommend immediate
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196.1E CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
withdrawal of all foreign aid and a more
practicable approach toward our foreign
policies.
This is not an attempt to advise how best
to initiate our foreign policies; however it is
quite evident among the grassroot citizens
that our present policies are antiquated, in-
adequate and extravagant to cope with the
fast changing world political situation.
We are most happy and grateful that we
have elected representatives in Washington
who recognize these facts and have the
courage to criticize the administration's
efforts to force these issues on the American
public.
In the event you may wish to offer sug-
gestions how to further our views on this
subject we shall be pleased to hear from
you.
Sincerely,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: We want to thank you for
the stand you have taken against continu-
ing the war in South Vietnam. The United
States will never win in that tortured coun-
try nor in any other country as long as we
send guns, ammunition, and chemicals for
destruction which is used to cause killing
and suffering and division of the people.
The only way that the United States or any
country can win anywhere in the world today
is with understanding of. the people and
their problems and by giving a helping hand
to. bring about social and economic reforms
that would benefit the people.
We have copied and continued where
France left off-and are obtaining the same
conclusions. We think we are an intelligent
people but when we can't learn from the
mistakes of others, we wonder. We could do
far better if our Government would employ
psychiatrists. Force and violence are be-
coming outdated in the atomic age.
The U.S. Government and Congress must
learn to take its grievances to the United
Nations instead of trying to solve problems
with other nations unilaterally just because
we are a powerful nation. It is not power
alone which counts. The respect and love
of the people of the world count far more.
This is a lesson we must learn and soon.
Our hats are off to you, Senator MORSE,
and to Senators MIKE MANSFIELD, ERNEST
GRUENING, and others who have taken a
stand on this serious and dangerous situa-
tion.
Should you be able to find time to make
speeches in Montana concerning this subject
we would be delighted and would want to
help In any way we can. Best wishes.
Sincerely,
From New Jersey:
MARCH 20,1964.
Hon. WAYNE L. MORSE,
U.S. Senator from Oregon,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Saw and heard what
you had to say on TV this morning regard-
ing South Vietnam and I want you to know
that I completely and wholeheartedly sub-
scribe to what you said.
Very truly yours,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator from Oregon,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I take this opportunity to ex-
press my sincere admiration for the coura-
geous and sensible attitude you have taken
regarding the ending of our "commitment"
in South Vietnam. The sooner this abso-
lute, senseless, bloody, and extremely expen-
sive effort on our part is halted, the better
I shall like it. I must state at this time
that I had the same misgivings regarding
our "police action" in Korea, but I also real-
ize that this time we are treading on much
more dangerous ground in South Vietnam
than we did some 12 years ago in Korea.
I hope that this small token of interest
which I am taking in your laudable effort
and in the welfare of our country will be
echoed many times by communications from
other citizens also.
Very truly yours,
MARCH 19, 1964
SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: I heartily agree
with your stand on the withdrawal of Amer-
ican troops from South Vietnam. I can't
understand why we are there, and our Amer-
ican boys being killed: for what?
Respectfully.
MARCH 20, 1964.
.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
From Chicago:
MARCH 18
1964
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heard your state-
ments in regard to Vietnam this morning on
th T d d I t t k
,
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
.
e
o
ay program, an
wan
now
you
o
that I support your position in this miserable
adventure wholeheartedly.
We have been spending millions of our
hard-earned dollars and sacrificing our young
men, giving our full support to military dic-
tatorships and corrupt regimes, and it is
about time we put a stop to this. I know
there must be hundreds of persons who agree
with your thinking, not only on Vietnam
but on other issues as well, who are too lazy
to sit down and write you.
Our one big job in our country is to con-
vince the people living under totalitarian
regimes that our system provides a better
life for them, and this must be done with
deeds, not with words. Supporting unpopu-
lar governments with money and military
force is definitely not the answer.
I consider you one of the very few intel-
ligent Senators we have in Washington, and
my hope is that you will continue to fear-
lessly fight for what is right.
Cordially yours,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Accept my thanks for your courageous
statement today on opposing war in Viet-
nam.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: This morning I saw a newscast
on the Today show on TV and you gave a re-
port on foreign aid and gave your reasons
for a cut in this program.
I am a Republican-but haven't always
voted so but I must admit I have yet to
hear a Republican come out and give their
reasons as well as you have against foreign
aid. Believe me, if I were living in Oregon
you would get my vote. In all of my years,
I can't remember when such a program of
my country has caused me such anger-espe-
cially our aid to Cambodia-I do think there
are some countries where this has been used
to good advantage but 9 out of 10 countries
turn around and spit in our eye and I get
fighting mad. Since we have to go to such
extremes on this program, why not foreign
aid to Russia? It makes just as much sense.
Keep up the good work Senator-I'm all
for you.
Very truly yours,
From Philadelphia:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: My Wife and I ap-
prove and applaud your stand on Vietnam.
We agree with you that it is a mess which
the United States has no business interfer-
ing with. A good policy for America would
be to leave the internal affairs of other
countries strictly alone.
Yours truly,
From Montana:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.:
Heard excerpts on radio this morning on
your address on Vietnam. You laid it on
the line. I hope some of those vote hunters
at any price will follow your courageous and
logical analysis
DEAR SENATOR: Congratulations on your
statements regarding South Vietnam.
We sure got ourselves in a mess there-
12,000 miles away from home-by involving
ourselves in their civil war.
Let us pull our so-called advisers out and
send them home.
Yours truly,
From Ohio:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: This is to let you know that I am
in complete agreement with your policy with
regard to South Vietnam.
You should be congratulated on your cour-
ageous stand advocating withdrawal of all
15,000 U.S. troops. Your opposition to any
expansion of our commitments there merits
nationwide support. There cannot be
reached a sensible solution unless negotia-
tions are started at once permitting the peo-
ple of Vietnam, north and south, to work
out their own destiny.
Respectfully yours,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to register
my support for your forthright stand on U.S.
policy in South Vietnam and in southeast
Asia in general. You pointed out that the
South Vietnamese Government we support is
more the U.S. State Department's government
than the Government of the South Viet-
namese. It really upsets me to see American
boys getting killed fighting a movement that
seems to have the sympathy of most of the
Vietnamese.
But perhaps more disastrous is the possi-
bility that our continued efforts at influence
in southeast Asia may lead to direct confron-
tation with China and nuclear war. Our
toying with invasion of North Vietnam shows
that this is a possibility. even if China acts
with complete propriety.
I hope your clear thinking will have an
impact on your colleagues in the Senate and
will cause the State Department to reconsider
its apparent all-out commitment to the de-
fense of Kahn.
Yours truly,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 30
quotes you In regards to Vietnam. From
the bottom of my heart, thank you-over
and over. We are parents of two teenagers
(both of whom are better typists than I), a
girl 16 of years and a boy of nearly 18 years.
Your comments and opinions on the mess
in Vietnam are refreshing and encouraging-
this Is exactly what the people are saying.
How long a 111 our boys continue to act as
advisers there? Will this be another Korea-
with no way out? Why can we pour troops
and millions of dollars Into Vietnam, but we
are led to believe that the cancer that Cuba is,
will disappear if we shut our eyes? How
can we will over communism, in Vietnam
when we can't and won't do anything about
it In Cuba? What Is the State Department's
policy-con,nlnment In Vietnam for the next
20-30 years?
Again, many, many thanks-it is It great
worry to us to think that our boy and count-
less others. In the future and now, will be
sent to Vietnam-and for what? We haven't
even come up with a slogan for the war,
have we? is this to be another "police ac-
tion" that another Democratic administra-
tion has plunged us into, with no end In
sight? Won't we ever learn from past mis-
takes? Are you the only Senator who has
this sensible approach on Vietnam? Surely
there are ethers who agree, If so, why are
they silent? The American people are sick
and tried of "containing" communism, when
they can see that the octopus Is Spreading.
Will we "contain" it in Vietnam and ignore
Cuba and South America's Red activities?
I am not a warmonger, my husband lost his
right leg (Marine Corps, on Guam) in World
War II; but If the French couldn't stop the
Red tide, what makes us think our advisers
can do it? What is the solution? I agree
with you-pull out. That is a start toward
some solution, anyway. Thank you for lis-
tening-and thank you for your attempt to
send the civil rights bill to committee.
This is still a Government of the people, by
the people and for the people, Isn't It?
Sincerely.
Senator MORSE.
DEAR SIR: My morning paper says you
are opposed to supporting the "murder of
American boys in South Vietnam and that
we should get out."
I agree with you 100 percent. A lot of
the world's troubles could be resolved If the
United States would only mind their own
business.
Sours truly,
MARCH 11, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I would like to thank
you for your remarks regarding the Vietnam
situation. It seems unbelievable to me that
so few people in our Government can make
decisions for a free people that are not in
keeping with the principles of our free and
democratic society.
According to Lederer in "A Nation of
Sheep" and Wm. O. Douglas In "Democracy's
Manifesto" we have been guilty of behavior
not befitting our character as a great nation.
It seems to me our young men are not given a
chance or choice to make decisions for them-
selves or our Nation. If we are free and If we
are great, it seems to me that we should
inspire and allow our youth to serve either In
the armed services, the Peace Corps, the Do-
mestic Peace Corps, as teachers in our schools,
in a congressional Institute, a U.N. Institute,
WHO, WMO, UNICEF, IDA or many other
places where they are sorely needed. I feel
we shall crumble morally if we do not make
some drastic changes and quickly. We can-
not depend on the military to dominate our
policies or for only a few to formulate our
policies for If we do we shall fall as a people
and as a nation.
Sincerely,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
We members of the Bellvue Democratic
Club at our regular membership meeting
unanimously applaud and support your stand
against intervention and further bloodlet-
ting in South Vietnam. You have added
honor to our country and security to the
world
From Massachusetts:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I understand that on March 4,
you spoke out in the Senate against U.S.
participation in the war in Vietnam.
Good for you. We had no business there In
the first place. Our continued support of a
nondemocratic government in that country
on the basis of "protecting Vietnam from
communism" is but simple hypocracy. If we
continue our present program the loss of
American lives will increase and the suffer-
ing of the Vietnamese people will be pro-
longed. Your attitude on this situation
seems to me to be the correct one: we should
get Out.
A resident of Oregon for several years, I
especially appreciate the forthright position
you have taken on this matter. I hope you
will be able to send me a copy of your Senate
speech on Vietnam.
Sincerely yours,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SIR: I must take time out from
writing to many, many Senators about the
civil rights bill, urging them to filibuster
and to vote "No" on this bill; to enclose an
article from the Oakland Tribune which
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator from Oregon.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to endorse
with great enthusiasm your unequivocal call
in Congress for U.S. withdrawal from South
Vietnam made on March 4.
As a long student in that area, having been
a missionary In India, -I think It was General
MacArthur who warned its 10 years ago not
to engage in the conflict there. His warning
proved right, for he knew that the French
with huge forces had to withdraw, as we will
eventually have to withdraw. To sacrifice
hundreds of thousands of American boys for
a nebulous victory in that area is unthink-
able, and would bring a vast outcry against
any administration that would sanction it,
as you indicated.
To save our face let the United Nations
take over responsibility for a settlement along
the lines of neutralization of that entire
area with guarantees by the same United Na-
tions. The U.N. saved the face of the Brit-
ish and French in the Suez matter and the
United States in the Lebanon affair.
I trust that you will seek to win other
Senators to your views on this matter. May
God give you strength and wisdom and
courage to carry on this fight for peace In
that suffering area of God's earth.
Respectfully yours,
From Pennsylvania:
MARCH 11, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I was pleased to see
that you spoke out In opposition to escalat-
ing the war in Vietnam. There is a growing
feeling in the country that we need to re-
examine what we have been doing in Viet-
nam. As a sample of this sentiment, I am
sending you the enclosed editorial page from
the local newspaper in this Pennsylvania
town where we are located for the year.
For over 10 years, we have been supporting
a war In Vietnam, and there is no evidence
(1) that the people of Vietnam want us
there; (2) that our enormous old is effective;
and (3) that this does anythirg but damage
our reputation to Asia and the rest of the
world.
It is my hope that you will support Sena-
tor MANSFIELD and press for an honorable
and peaceful solution.
Sincerely,
From Washington, D.C.:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
State of Oregon,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
HONORABLE SIR: This letter i, being written
with simple directness. I wish to show my
appreciation for your astute remarks made
in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of March 10,
on South Vietnam. I am in complete ac-
cord with everything you so aptly said on
this important subject.
And at this time I also with to show my
appreciation for your being a proponent of
having the civil rights bill reviewed by com-
mittee.
You are the kinds of a Senator I so greatly
admire. You swim up stream when neces-
sary. You have a great deal of courage, lots
of backbone. I am sorry you every left the
Republican Party.
Sincerely,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: The enclosed clipping is
good news, because it is high time that some-
one take that one down to si::e. Now if you
and enough others who have served their
country so well for so long would start work-
ing on the rest of those rats I l. the State De-
partment that have a tendency of selling
us down the river, we might have a chance to
survive.
Thanks to you and the many others who
are trying to save our wonderful country.
The best of luck to you all because we are
going to need It.
Sincerely yours,
From New York State:
MARCH 23, 1964.
MR. SENATOR: In 1918, when I was In the
Italian Army, the Germans attacked us with
poison gas many times. Now, 46 years later,
I read in this article the killing of children
and Innocent people all over again. From
the press, I learn your brilli..nt fight to stop
this war,
Please let me congratulaA you in your
humanism.
(From Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat and
Chronicle, Mar. 22, 1984(
WAR OF BRUTALITY-BUTCHERY OF COMMU-
NISTS IN VIETCONG MATCHED ONLY BY
SAIGON RETRIBUTION
(By Peter Arnett and Borst Faas')
SAIGON. VIETNAM. South Vietnam's war
against Communist insurge:lcy has entered
a phase of violence and brutality unmatched
at any previous stage.
"The hate is building up on both sides.
There are many more scores to settle now,"
one longtime observer noted as reports flowed
by civilians of Government air attacks.
Violence has been part of Vietnamese life
for 20 years. It is being compounded now
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as both the Vietcong and Saigon Govern-
ment build up their arms and equipment.
The Vietcong are supplementing their
supplies, clandestinely brought in across the
Cambodian and Laotian borders, by raids
on lonely Government outposts and small
convoys.
The U.S. aid commitment to Vietnam is
more than replacing the weapons and ammu-
nition lost to the Vietcong.
Included in American military aid is na-
palm, liquid petroleum jelly that explodes
across villages in a rush of fiery death.
A newer weapon here is a phosphorous
explosive fired from artillery and also from
fighter bombers. This erupts in a white
cloud, burning through everything it
touches.
With explosives such as these, civilians
are bound to be hurt. Both Americans and
Vietnamese argue that they have no choice
but to use them.
The spectacle of children lying half alive
with napalm burns across their bodies was
revolting to both Vietnamese and Americans
entering a village on the Cambodian border
after it had been under air attack by Gov-
ernment planes Thursday.
The Vietcong guerillas retreating into this
village had made it a target for Government
planes. Several Vietcong were killed.
That innocent children died in this raid,
and the prospect that many more may be
killed as the tempo of actions continues to
rise are sobering facts to the Americans
here.
"The moral dilemma we face here is not
what we faced in Korea and every other war
we fought in," one American officer said.
"We don't want to see the civilians killed and
yet they are killed because that is a horrible
byproduct of war."
Such a byproduct came after 300 Vietcong
entered the village complex of Ben Can in
Tay Ninh Province several weeks ago and held
the population hostage. The military decided
to direct artillery fire on the village, virtually
razing it and taking scores of civilian
casualties.
But the Vietcong force was decimated and
this was the object of attack.
In Government operations the civilian
casualties are byproducts, but the Commu-
nist guerrillas terrorize civilians as a * * * of
fighting war. They will burn a village to the
ground rather than let people side with the
Government, as they did in Can Dai Province
village of Phu My-the birthplace of the
Vietnamese chief of state, Maj. Gen. Duong
Van Minh.
In the delta Province of Kien Hoa, the
Vietcong in December beheaded scores of
farmers who refused to pay a heavy special
tax on Vietcong-controlled areas to pay for
the increasing cost of war.
Five days ago in Nhi Binh outpost 20 miles
south of Saigon women and children were
bayoneted to death by the Vietcong after a
part of the post had been overrun.
Similar instances are legion in Mekong
Delta. Early in January American advisers
were taken to southern Ca Mau Peninsula to
see the bodies of a score of women who had
been disemboweled by the Vietcong and
placed in front of an outpost which had been
overrun.
Communist terrorism appears aimed at
terrorizing the population into obedience.
Or it can be aimed spitefully, as bombing of
the American movie theater and softball
stadium in Saigon indicates. Many of the
casualties in these two bombings were women'
and children.
The Vietcong are believed to have perfected
a primitive napalm of their own, launched
from a rifle-like weapon. Some government
troops have suffered serious burns from
"balls of fire" flying at them from Vietcong
positions.
Harshness of the present stage of war is
seen in treatment meted out to prisoners.
aramilitary corpsmen taken prisoner by the
Vietcong a few weeks ago were found slaugh-
tered a few days later.
In several cases wounded Americans taken
prisoner have been executed. On the other
hand American advisers report that in some
cases it is difficult to restrain the Govern-
ment troops from killing or torturing their
prisoners in retribution.
From Kansas:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: May I commend and
encourage you In your valiant battle against
our Government's mad venture in South
Vietnam. There are few instances in his-
tory where a big bully nation tried to impose
on a small nation, a government the people
do not want and are determined not to have
as the United States is trying to do in this
impoverished country.
I feel sure that a goodly percent of the
people of this country are opposed to what
we are doing in South Vietnam but in this
day of demanded conformity to the warped
news media version of patriotism, of char-
acter assassination by "witch hunting" con-
gressional committees, of employer blacklists,
etc., most people are afraid to speak out.
To me it is unthinkable that American
boys are dying in this abominable situation.
I beg to remain very truly yours in the
hope that sanity will prevail.
From New York :
MARCH 23, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I was gratified to
read of your forthright remarks re our policy
in Vietnam. We do not have any right to
be there, nor do we have any moral right
to impose a puppet government on an un-
willing people.
With all our efforts it is doubtful that we
will have any more success than the French
before us.
We should get out of Vietnam.
Sincerely,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I strongly support your stand
calling for withdrawal of U.S. forces
from Vietnam. I do not believe the United
States should support a government which
is obviously not wanted by the majority of
the people of Vietnam. It is unfair to ex-
pect mothers and wives to send their sons
and husbands to fight or act as "observers"
in such a situation.
North and South Vietnam should be neu-
tralized and demilitarized so that the people
there can finally live in peace.
Very truly yours,
MARCH 22, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want you to know
how completely I agree with your views on
our policy in South Vietnam, as reported
yesterday in the New York Times, and in
fact I almost always agree with your views,
especially on international relations.
The sooner we get out of there the better.
People say that then all southeast Asia will
go Communist. Suppose it does. The Com-
munists are fighting among themselves, and
in any case I cannot believe that such a
result would have any serious effect on the
United States.
Sincerely yours,
From New York:
SENATOR WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
6371
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have long been
waiting to hear the leaders of our country
to have the sense, the patriotism, and the
guts to say in public what I heard you say
this morning on the "Today" TV show; name-
ly, that we should get out of Vietnam now in-
stead of allowing our increased participation
which would thus increase the number of
U.S. deaths (and possibly triggering a nuclear
war).
Please excuse this sloppy looking letter, as
I am getting ready to go to work-I just
wanted to tell you I support your attitude in
this Vietnam war. I will write tonight to
President Johnson and my own Senators and
Representatives and tell them what I tell
you.
Thank you-I wish you were my Senator,
we could use a lot more like you.
Sincerely,
TODAY IN WASHINGTON: MORSE WILL FIGHT
"MURDER OF AMERICANS" IN VIETNAM
WASHINGTON.-In the news from Wash-
ington:
MORSE-Vietnam: Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Democrat, of Oregon, blasting U.S. policy in
South Vietnam for the third time in as many
days, says he will not "support the murder
of American boys" in the embattled south-
east Asian country.
"We should get out," MORSE said in a
Senate speech Friday. He received permis-
sion to interrupt debate on the civil rights
bill for his speech.
From Ohio:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
HONORABLE DEAR SIR: Let's keep this planet
from becoming a bare ball rolling in space.
Please use all your might, main, and speech
on the floor to stop the dirty war in Vietnam,
why kill our young men in fact to no pur-
pose-and can lead into the final war on
this planet. After any world war now, this
planet would be just about worthless to
anyone. It seems warmongering is a form
of insanity. Please stop it if you possibly
can. I am a veteran of World War I. Let's
save America. Do all you possibly can and I
would like to help you.
All power to you.
From Michigan:
Senator WAYNE L. MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR: I cannot resist thank-
ing you from the depths of my heart for your
courageous stand about South Vietnam.
May God bless you and may your stand make
other Senators and Representatives at. last
see the light.
Most sincerely,
From Ohio:
Hen. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I support wholeheartedly
your efforts toward the removal of U.S. troops
from action in Vietnam.
From Pennsylvania:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to thank you
for your call for a withdrawal of our forces
in Vietnam. As a mother very much pre-
occupied right now with the dangers to world
peace of the Vietnam war, I am so happy to
hear someone finally Challenging the post-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE Iv
Lion we have taken there and bringing
the question of "whether or not," and not
just "hone" into the matter.
If we emphasize the humanitarian aspects
of our withdrawal-ending the bloodshed,
etc.-I believe we can save our prestige and
retain our influence and pre are for dem-
ocratic institutions by no-strings economic
help, not military.
Sincerely,
From New York State:'
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: This letter Is in sup-
port of the effort to get our troops and mur-
derous equipment out of Vietnam and to
establish a neutral zone there In line with
Presldent-de Gaulle's suggestions.
Every effort to liberate nations to their
own fuller resources of matter and spirit.
Not one dime or ounce of energy invested
in murder as a means of liberation.
Defeating communism is a mere mania.
But advancing a meaningful society In which
human beings exercise dignity and democ-
racy and adequate means of subsistence-
now there is a task worthy of nations and
individuals.
Are we too weak for that?
Sincerely,
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Just a line to con-
gratulate you on your stand against further
involvement In Vietnam.
This is like D. light shining in a wilder-
ness of violence and hate.
Sincerely,
From Pennsylvania:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Sernate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MoasE: Bravo for your Sen-
ate remarks of March 20, on Vietnam and on
Secretary Rusk above all. For too long the
truth about Vietnam has been kept hidden
from the Nation. What is even worse, It
seems to me, is that the 1954 origins of the
present U.S. involvement are virtually un-
known and/or buried. In fact, there is indi-
cation that Secretary Rusk himself does not
even know that it was U.S. refusal to accept
the accords of 1954 (Geneva) and to hold the
promised elections that started the war-
fare-warfare that hardly began only In
1960-oil.
Please keep up the good work.
From New York State:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you very
much for the stand you have taken on South
Vietnam. This is to let you know that we
wholeheartedly support your view that our
country should not be militarily involved in
Vietnam and southeast Asia.
We strongly favor a program designed to
terminate our military Involvement and to
negotiate a political settlement In southeast
Asia. How this can be done without involv-
ing and recognizing China is beyond us, and
we favor efforts to establish negotiations
with China on these matters.
With many thanks and best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Congratulations for your
courageous statements concerning Vietnam.
It is high time men in government make It
plain to our foreign department and our
President that many people are changing
their views about our cause. To me, "our
fighting for their freedom- is a wornout
phrase which no longer has much meaning.
These southeastern Asians need a govern-
ment that can provide a leadership to allow
them to pull themselves up by their own
bootstraps. I think there is no better exam-
ple of this process in the world today than
that of Red China. Outward results of
China's progress and the reading of Mr.
Edgar Snows' documentary book on Red
China plus his prophetic book. "Red Sea
Over China," has no doubt changed my opin-
ions a great deal in the past few months.
It is not hard to reason that our way of
life is not a model form for Ignorant and
backward nations.
In spite of national pride. I doubt that we
can or will do as much for the billions of
miserable creatures on this earth as can the
Communist regimes. This Is quite an about-
face Idea for one who claims rugged Indi-
vidualism.
Senator MORSE. I was a naval aviator for 9
years, prior to and during World War R pe-
riod. I had some duty aboard ship at Guan-
tanamo Bay, and I had an eye view of real
poverty In the villages just of base limits. I
shall never forget my shock of such condi-
tions 90 miles from our shores. We deserve
Castro. and It seems as though the rest of
the world agrees.
I hope to God, Senator, that there are
enough men like you In government that will
eventually change our Nation into a shining
example of good will toward all men instead
of the laughing stock It appears to be.
Sincerely,
The following from Massachusetts:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: For a long time I
have admired and appreciated your courage
and ability as a Senator especially when you
speak out on the controversial issues which,
though most Important to us, are ofttimes
alas, least debated because they are so con-
troversial.
Your position now as concerns the Viet-
namese situation seems to me especially ad-
mirable. Knowing as you do. that what you
say is not popular, either with the estab-
lishment or the populace, yet you speak out
with truth and clarity.
On such men as you, sir, our democracy
depends, hangs by a slender thread.
On this Vietnamese business-the futility
of it-the contradictions of it-I've tried
to get through to other Senators and the
President and the result as you know as the
"form letter brush off" which on the face of
it achieves nothing.
Time grows short for this country, I am
afraid, on the basis of the policies it has
for some tame been pursuing.
The obsessive pursuit of the White Whale
with Ababa in command-America 1984.
Most respectfully,
From Massachusetts:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Although I'm far
removed geographically from your voting
district, I write this letter in praise of your
March 4 Senate speech against further U.S.
involvement in Vietnam.
I wish that others of your constituents had
the courage and wisdom to stand up and
talk on this subject that will Involve us all
if allowed to go unchecked.
Please try to get your message through
as the northeast papers In general did not
give It too good coverage.
God bless you for your courage. As an
American citizen I hope we're not Just pawns
in a gigantic game of power politics but could
be given the truth about Vietnam and south-
east Asia.
Yours truly,
From California:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heartily approve
your March 4 call for U.S. withdrawal from
South Vietnam, and have said so In my
letters to President Johnson and Senators
ENGLE and Kucgxn. I hope fervently that
you will raise your voice in this cause again
and again; I can think of no way in which
you could better serve your country in these
too-disturbing days.
Your honesty and courage n this matter
give me hope. More power to you.
Gratefully,
From Washington State:
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.G.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I agree with you
wholeheartedly, the situation in Vietnam is
sickening beyond description. Both politi-
cally and strategically we are in a dilemma
and the only way out would be to admit it
and pull our troops out. In light of what
you have said and informaticn I have from
I. F. Stone's Weekly, I felt compelled to wire
to President Johnson.
You may be interested to know that the
local American Friends Service Committee
is holding an Easter Peace Witness, March 28,
and the theme is Vietnam. Other groups
such as Women's International for Peace and
Freedom, Women for Peace (Seattle) also
carry on an educational and protest cam-
paign.
We hope to reach our two Senators with
this message, but so far have been quite
unsuccessful.
Respectfully yours,
From Maine :
Hon. WAYNE MoasE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SrR: This is just to let you know
that others besides your Oregonian consti-
tuents are applauding your stand on Viet-
nam and Asia generally. I only wish we in
Maine had as good representation in Wash-
ington. In Red Book magazine last October
an article by one Norman Lofsenz spoke up
for women whose husbands-have died In this
"war not a war" and I think chat the people,
more and more, are condemning our actions
over In Asia. Thank you for your frank and
courageous stand.
Sincerely yours,
From New York State:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D'C.
DEAR SENATOR MoasE: Thenk you, thank
you for your forthright Stand against the
extension of the war in Vietnam, and for
calling for the return of our troops.
I have just written to the President and
the New York State senators urging that
they work for these objectives.
It Is terrifying to think of t-ae possible con-
sequences of carrying the we r to the North.
Apart from the many thousands of casualties
that would result, both ours and Vietnamese,
it could easily lead to a nuclear holocaust.
I congratulate you on your stand and
know that you will keep on working for peace
and peaceful solutions to E.11 world prob-
lems.
Respectfully,
MORSE OBJECTS
WASHINGTON.--Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Democrat, of Oregon, blasting U.S. policy in
South Vietnam for the third time in as many
days, says he will not "support the murder of
American boys" in the embr.ttled southeast
Asian country.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6373
"We should get out," MORSE said in a Sen-
ate speech Friday. He received permission
to. interrupt debate on the civil rights bill for
his speech.
From New York:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am very happy to
read of your speech in the Senate Friday, ad-
vocating that the United States? get out of
South Vietnam. I hope you have enough
supporters, as well as in the House, to make
an impression on the State Department and
the administration to see the folly of this
Nation's continuing to dissipate its material
and financial resources in such a vain effort
to contain communism in that area. More
power to you and your colleagues.
Here is how I feel, Senator MORSE:
1. That in spite of the free world's efforts
(largely the United States) that the Commu-
nists will eventually take over all of South-
east Asia anyway, and that includes all of
former Indochina. And in such a takeover,
all the millions of installations and institu-
tions we have laid there will fall to the Com-
munists. Billions down the rathole.
2. The State Department holds its hand up
in horror apparently at the thought of more
Communist penetration in Indochina. So
what? This does not endanger the territorial
United States in any way that I can see.
And if it is argued that such penetration
would endanger the Philippines and Japan,
I believe that the presence of our mighty 7th
Fleet and its accompanying Air Force squad-
rons, as well as the land-based air forces in
Japan would be sufficient deterrent to hold
off the Chinese Nationalists. And surely our
Polaris subs could deliver a mighty barrage
of missiles. I do not believe that land forces
are the answer, certainly not in those steam-
ing, stinking jungles.
3. I hold that this Nation might better de-
vote some of the' billions now being wasted
in South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia to a
further buildup of our military, air, and
naval forces in this hemisphere; make this
Nation impregnable from attack. Frankly,
Senator MORSE, I am just a bit more afraid
of general deterioration and crumbling with-
in this Nation as a result of nefarious, under-
ground, tricky work (unsuspected by most
people), than I am from an all-out attack
from without our borders. Witness the wave
of terrorism seeping the country: the dyna-
miting of the freight trains on the Florida
East Coast Railroad; the many derailments of
freight trains on the Erie-Lackawanna and
New York Central Railroads in New York
State during the last 4 months; the unrest
and violence of the civil rights demonstra-
tions, which I believe have been largely Com-
munist agitated; and right in our own Fin-
ger Lakes section of central New York State
there has been a wave of dairy barn fires by
arsonists, which could be the result of Com-
munist youth underground activities trying
to undermine and weaken our economy by
destroying our agricultural potential. You
will recall that the New York State College
of Agriculture is located at Cornell Univer-
sity in Ithaca; this area has many of the
State's richest dairy farms. The area's best
detective and police forces are hard at work
on trying to solve this wave of incendiarism;
farmers are patrolling the roads at night.
4. And finally, Senator MORSE, it seems that
the obstinate and stubborn State Depart-
ment seems to forget that in pouring out
billions to southeast Asia for economic and
military aid (and so-called foreign aid) as
well, that they are but weakening the abil-
ity and potential of this Nation to exist and
to carry on as a nation to uphold the cause
of freedom in our own country; to insure
the continuance of our American way of life;
to maintain financial integrity and the value
of the dollar. Economists are forecasting
that inflation is a near possibility; even the
United States could bleed itself poor, as we
are rapidly becoming, it seems, if useless ex-
penditures are not checked.
Best of luck to you, Senator MORSE, in your
worthy efforts to make the administration
and the State Department to see the light of
reason and saneness in foreign affairs. I
hope I have not bored you with all this. If
it, perhaps, has given you any ammunition
in your battle, I will be happy; also, to hear
from you, if you have the opportunity.
Thanking you, I am, sir.
Sincerely,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DE,IR MR. MORSE: I am a physician, a cap-
tain in the U.S. Army Reserve, presently on
active duty in Korea. I am moved to write
to you in reference to your statement on
Vietnam, made in the Senate on Tuesday,
March 10, 1964. I want to communicate
to you my sense of grateful relief that there
is someone in Washington who has both
the insight and the integrity necessary to
say what you did. Thank you.
I imagine that there are few people who
would not be willing to risk their lives when
necessary to p-reserve what they consider to
be their inalienable rights. Too loose a
definition of such rights, however, implies
too great a risk involved in their defense.
The tragedy is that there are so many people
who would fight and die-or worse, who
would commit others to fight and die-for
unjustifiable causes.
I wish to propose that the members of
the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches, and every one of the people from
whose consent the Government derives its
just power, consider our foreign policy, when
lives are at stake, not in terms of our pres-
tige, or our fortunes, but in terms of the
necessity to preserve for ourselves and our
posterity these three Inalienable rights: life,
liberty, and the pursu-it-of happiness.
Very respectfully yours,
From Colorado:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have just finished
reading a quote of yours to the effect that,
"millions of Americans are beginning to
realize that it is time for us to get out of
South Vietnam." Would you please tell me
whether you agree with this line of thinking
and why.
In case your answer is yes, and you do
go along with this line of thinking, I would
like to- know if you think that the end of
the road for South Vietnam is the end of the
Communist road of conquest? If you think
this is so, then do you think that Commu-
nist aggression in South America, Latin
America, Africa, and the Near and Far East
are diversionaries for the overthrow of this
single country.
Being. as humble as is required of a mere
ignorant high school student, I would like
to point out that in a good many, too many
of the great contests in history, that we
have let down our allies in an attempt to
remain neutral, or for whatever reasons.
Tills is no longer possible. A wrong step in
this contest for global domination, a wrong
move, can be the move that destroys us.
Surely, Vietnam is not this move, but the
fall of Vietnam would certainly weaken the
United States and strengthen the Commu-
nists for their next move.
Withdrawal from Vietnam would surely
echo down the halls of history as loudly as
if we had withdrawn from Italy in 1943.
They would both be stupid mistakes.
And so, in closing sir, I would like to most
eagerly suggest that you reexamine the facts
involved, and keep in mind that it is easier
crushing the ants and termites across the
street than on your doorstep or in your ow i
house.
With regards and suggestions for cr_-
templation, -
From California:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Although I have not written to
you for a long time I am still an ardent
supporter of yours, for the issues you stand
for are always for the general welfare in-
stead of for a privileged few.
This time let me say a hearty thank you
and thank God for your recent protest of our
dirty war in Vietnam. -It was, I believe,
the former administration that got us into
this stupid mess, and I feel the Democrats
ought to be smart enough to get us out.
Also let me ask you to support the repara-
tion bill to the Seneca Indians of Pennsyl-
vania. Our past record of dealings with the
Ic:dians is shameful.
Sincerely and respectfully,
From Wisconsin:
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: We would like to thank you for
the prompt and courteous attention that
our request for material on foreign aid
received.
Our team proposed that all economic for-
eign aid be discontinued. We turned out to
be the victors in the debate and we are sure
that the success of the debate is due largely
to the help you gave us in the material that
you sent to us.
Thank you very much for your kind serv-
ice.
SANTA BARBARA, CALIF.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEArl SENATOR MORSE: I was more than de-
lighted to read in the Allen-Scott column of
your stand regarding Vietnam. I consider
that every American life lost in such proj-
ects is murder, as you so aptly expressed it.
Although I am not one of your constituents I
have long admired your commonsense, de-
termination, and courage in expressing your
convictions. In the present case I am sure
that you would have an overwhelming fol-
lowing of Americans if you would continue
to oppose our present policy in Vietnam and
other obscure areas of the world, in many
of which we have no business being in the
first place, and where we are much resented
for all our efforts.
I enclose the copy of a letter to President
Johnson sent over a month ago, to which I
have not yet received a reply. I am pursuing
the matter further with the help of several
influential Santa Barbara friends. I am par-
ticularly interested in knowing how you feel
regarding the use of draftees in areas like
Vietnam and whether it is possible to ini-
tiate legislation prohibiting their use except
on a volunteer basis which would be more
like our pre-World War II professional army.
Respectfully submitted,
LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
President, United States,
White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Though our present
foreign policy, stemming from previous ad-
ministrations, particularly that of Eisen-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 30
bower (and Dulles) has committed us to odd
:Ind obscure corners of the world, it must be
evident to our leaders that such policy may
he very unpopular with many people in the
country. I happen to be among them.
I directed a note to Mr. Sorenson, as Rd-
iser to President Kennedy, expressing this
viewpoint and specifically asking about our
policy as far as-selecting men to serve in our
Armed Forces in these areas. He acknowl-
edged the letter but did not answer the ques-
tion. Since I have a boy who will serve his
country within a few years, I am vitally In-
terested. It is my sincere conviction that
our young men should not be required to
serve and have their lives jeopardized in
questionable and unpopular causes espoused
by our State Department. This is not the
same thing at all in my opinion as serving
in wartime in the defense of our country.
Specifically I believe that men sent to places
like Laos, Vietnam. and heaven knows what
other such a place in Asia and Africa should
he either selected from Regular Army or
should be on a volunteer basis with the ap-
proval of the parents. I cannot but imagine
the bitterness of parents whose son may
be inducted into the service only to lose his
life in one of these obscure corners of the
Far East. It is hard to argue that this is
in defense of his country. I hope to learn
in answer to this letter what our policy is
and hope to find that men are selected to
serve on the basis mentioned above or one
similar to it. If not, I am going to try and
start something by appealing to Members
of the Congress to effect a change.
Respectfully submitted,
From Washington, D.C.:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: The gratitude of the people
of America goes out to you for your valiant
effort to reduce the cost of foreign aid. We
wish you success in your fight to reduce the
present AID request for three billion, four
hundred million dollars. Fight on.
Good luck.
Yours sincerely.
From New York:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DE:IR SIR: We are greatly disturbed by the
statement of March 17 In which the White
House declared Its Intention to continue
and Increase U.S. military aid to South
Vietnam.
Senator MIKE MANSFIELD on February 19
spoke out against such a policy and urged
serious consideration of the case for the
neutralization of Vietnam.
On March 4. you registered your opposi-
tion to our increasing the scale of U.S. par-
ticipation in the Vietnamese war and urged
our withdrawal from it. We want to con-
gratulate you for taking this firm and cou-
rageous position In the Senate.
Mr. Senator, our leaders have Involved us
in a costly, futile, and dangerous war; a
war the consent for which has not been
asked of the American people or of the U.S.
Senate. The American people do not have
their hearts on this war anymore than the
South Vietnamese people do. We cannot
win this war unless we increase our partici-
pation in it to the point where we will have
another Korea (or worse) on our hands. We
don't want another Korea. We must nego-
tiate. Sir, we must bring our troops home
now.
We urge you again to do everything with-
in your power as U.S. Senator to encourage
and bring about a U.S. policy in Vietnam
which will permit negotiation and our
prompt and complete withdrawal from that
war.
Very truly yours,
MARCH 17, 1964.
DEAR SENATOS WAYNE 11ORar.: I have this
day written to the President, to Senator
KUcsiEL. and to Congressman ALPIIONSO
BELL-telling them that I agree with you 100
percent In your recent statement that we
should get the United States out of South
Vietnam. I told them that 08 percent of
the people there were against the United
States and against the Saigon government.
I said I didn't want this McNamara getting
the United States involved in a world atomic
war by invading North Vietnam-and bring-
ing China and U.S.S.R. Into the mess-which
would surely happen If we invaded in any
manner.
I hope you will continue your efforts to get
the United States out of this South Viet-
nam mess-before we are dragged into a
bigger mess.
I also urge you, sir, to help the southern
bloc defeat the civil rights bill. You prob-
ably won't, but if you could see what the
Negroes are doing down here In California
you would realize-that Negroes and white
people just won't ever mix-read Lincoln's
real opinion of Negroes.
Best wishes for now,
BALDWIN PARK. CALIF.
DEAR SENATOR: I, too, am yelling evacuate
Vietnam. I advocate and support your
stand. The sooner we pull out of southeast
Asia. the better off we will be.
"EVACUATE VIETNAM," MORSE YELL13
WASH INUTON.-Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Democrat, of Oregon, told the Senate on
Friday he will not -support the murder of
American boys in South Vietnam."
MORSE said it was "presumptuous" for See-
retary of Defense Robert S. McNamara to try
to say what this Government should do
there.
"We should get out," MORSE shouted, add-
Ing that fighting between the Communist
and anti-Communist factions in South Viet-
nam would end in a neutralization "if we
were not egging them on."
MORSE obtained permission to Interrupt
debate on the civil rights bill to deliver his
third speech in as many days against U.S.
foreign policy in South Vietnam.
From California:
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washingtosn, D.C.
DE.-.n Sia: From my heart. I thank you for
your stand against our Intervention in Viet-
'T'here has been enough bloodshed -eontln-
uing may lead to a world war. Bring our boys
horse.
Yours gratefully.
From California:
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
Senate O/lice Building
Washington, D.C.
MY Dr.AR Ma. MoasE: I commend you for
speaking out so courageously to the State De-
partment of getting out of Vietnam.
I have been following this situation since
1961 and have written to our late President
Kennedy. Mr. Rusk, my Senators, Represent-
atives, ebe., but only received printed mate-
rial. Once in a while I'd get a personal reply
that we must keep South Vietnam free from
communism.
I have just written to President Johnson.
Harriman, Senator KUCHEL, Representative
RoYSAL. I sin also commending Senator
GRUENINO, of Alaska. I commended Senator
MANSFIELD a few weeks ago.
Why can't we get more Senators and Con-
gressmen to speak up? After all, they do
represent the people.
We need more men like you. Best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
From New York:
BRONx, N.Y., W'ARCH 2, 1964.
Hon. Senator MORSE,
The Senate, Washington, D.C.
HONORABLE SIR: The all too brief press re-
ports of your efforts to end the- senseless
waste of lives and money In South Vietnam,
should earn the gratitude of all Americans.
I hope you will continue your efforts to bring
this undeclared war to an end and allow the
people of Vietnam to form a neutral govern-
ment.
I would like a copy of your speech it it is
available.
Thank you,
From Connecticut:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am writing you to
congratulate you on your statement that we
should pull U.S. troops out of South Viet-
nam. It takes courage to take such a strong
position against the militarist and the brain-
washed American public.
Using commonsense I car-not figure out
why we have a 15,000 Army In Vietnam.
Why should we interfere Into the affairs of
other nations? The world would think bet-
ter of us if we would quit trying to force our
so-called democracy down the throats of
other nations and start at home and give
democracy to our own Negros, Indians, and
other minority groups. Even here in Con-
necticut the reactionaries are fighting the
Supreme Court reapportionment order giv-
ing one man one vote.
I might add Senator that I admire your
stand on what you think Is right regardless
of so-called popular opinion. Popular opin-
ion seems to be what the big newspapers,
radio. TV, and big industrialists want It to
be. I do not say I agree with you on every-
thing but your views fit mine better than
any other big public man. Only wish it was
you that I could vote for for President which
I fully understand that cannot be with the
political setup as It Is.
Respectfully,
P.S.-Copy to Congressman WILLIAM L. ST.
ONCE, of Connecticut.
From Florida:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
Heartily approve your stand regarding for-
eign aid bill.
Respectfully,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SENATOR: Coniratulations and
thanks for your stand on ending the war in
Vietnam. This Is such a dangerous situation
that we must see an end of the killing as
well the danger of escalation.
I hope you can get a group of national
representatives and nationally important
people to join with you to raise such a pro-
teat that something must be done to get us
out of other countries-especially Vietnam.
Sincerely,
From New York:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I wish to express my ad-
miration and my gratitude to you for your
realistic and honest attitude toward the
frightening, undeclared war now going on
In Vietnam. I hope that you will be able to
arouse our lawmakers to the sinister threat
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posed by our efforts to step up the bloodshed
further involve our forces. Can we learn
nothing from past disasters? Let us turn
to the use of negotiations, cease to consider
ourselves the sole arbiters, and recognize that
military force cannot solve the problems any
more than it did for Indochina.
More power to you. Thousands now look
to you for leadership, with hope.
Sincerely yours,
From New York:
DEAR MR. MORSE: I am SO glad you are
leading in a movement to stop the fighting
in Vietnam. It has seemed to me for some
time now both immoral and impractical for
the United States to be shoring up govern-
ments over there that are of at least doubt-
ful value. It seems to me we cannot spread
democracy with arms, as war promotes com-
munism. Moreover, it is not our duty any
more than it was Britain's-up until recent-
ly-to police the whole earth, to the end that
only governments friendly to the United
States shall prosper. This is no way to "win
friends and influence people."
So we wish you much strength and express
our wholehearted support of your strength
to get our military people out of North Viet-
nam. It would be good to get them out of a
lot of other places, too, like Spain and Portu-
gal, but we can't hope for everything at
once.
Sincerely,
From New York:
HON. SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: We are in
full agreement with your stand on the situa-
tion in Vietnam. We hope our President
will act in accordance with this.
Sincerely yours,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
The Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I have just written to Senator
GRUENING, and I wish to inform you as well,
that I fully support your statements calling
for the withdrawal of all American troops
from the South Vietnam war.
That war was never ours to win. We
never should have gotten ourselves involved
in attempting to crush a movement which
is basically a social revolution and possesses
a raison d'etre independent of the will of
various U.S. administrations, including the
most recent.
All of the above is really beside the point.
We should get out and not waste more time,
men, or moneys in defense of the indefensi-
ble. This takes courage to say and resay at
this time, particularly in view of the opposi-
tion of the administration and most condi-
tioners of public opinion.
Please do not lose heart. The McNa-
maras and the Rusks and similar "Yes" men,
pollute the histories of all nations with their
doings. They need no emulation.
I give you all my support and wish I could
be in the future more helpful in raising the
utmost concern over this issue.
Sincerely yours,
From Pennsylvania :
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The Situation in
Vietnam seems to me quite intolerable. I
commend you for your efforts to try to
change our policy.
Sincerely yours,
From New York:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: On the issue of Viet-
nam and the extension of the war into North
Vietnam, as proposed by some circles-I'd
like to congratulate you on your position.
It's good to know (as is so often character-
istic of our country) that there are repre-
sentatives like you who have the guts and
moral fortitude to cry out against insanity
and possibly world war III.
My wife and children bless you.
Sincerely,
From Connecticut:
MARCH 22, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Sin: I am taking the liberty to ex-
press my congratulations for the courageous
speech that your honor made before the Sen-
ate. And at the same time I stretch my
hand to your honorable colleague, ERNEST
GRUENING. You are two heroes, and you
have defended the interest of our great Na-
tion. The people that libel your honest and
patriotic criticism of communism are people
who carry this country to a wrong destiny.
We have enough in our own house to attend
to. It is not right to stretch our nose fur-
ther away.
For what we have spent in foreign lands
we could help our railroads which are of a
vital interest to the Nation.. We could fight
the deficit in our house. For defense? We
have two great fortresses-two great seas.
Then we have more nerve than all the Old
World put together. We try the best way to
be in good relation with all nations of the
world.
Very truly yours,
MARCH 22, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please find inclosed
copy of a letter which I have sent to Presi-
dent Johnson. I hope you will find the letter
of interest.
I wish to commend you for your leadership
in telling the State Department to with-
draw the U.S. troops from South Vietnam
and to seek a peaceful settlement of the
Vietnam crisis.
I would like to ask that you will support
Senator MANSFIELD in his attempt to find a
sensible solution to the problems we face in
Vietnam-to approve the French President
de Gaulle's proposals for neutralization of
all Vietnam.
Sincerely and gratefully yours,
MARCH 8, 1964.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR PRESIDENT JOHNSON: As a Vietnam-
ese-American I am very much concerned
about the war now waging in the land of my
birth. Being familiar with the situation in
that unhappy country, I would like to bring
the following facts to your attention.
1. The so-called guerrillas are not in-
vaders from the north but simple South Viet-
namese people who feel they are only contin-
uing the many years of struggle for inde-
pendence and freedom from foreign domina-
tion.
2. Since France with armies numbering
almost a half million was unable to over-
come the stubborn resistance of the much
smaller Vietnamese people's forces of libera-
tion there seems no better chance of our
winning the present struggle. Rather a dis-
aster similar to that suffered by France at
Dienbienphu seems much more likely.
3. The people of South Vietnam, exhausted
from more than 20 years of unceasing strug-
gle do not have any reason for continuing
the war. They want only to be left alone
to organize their own government and re-
store their shattered economy.
4. The present Saigon government is no
more popular with the people than was the
cruel dictatorship of Diem and his family.
Innocent people are still being tortured and
young men forced into military service.
American personnel in the country as "ad-
visers" are unsafe as they are regarded as
foreign oppressors backing up the hated
ruling groups.
5. The South Vietnamese people do not
consider their brothers in the north as
enemies to be fought, but favor reunification
with them under conditions set forth in the
1954 Geneva agreement for neutralization of
both parts of the country.
6. President de Gaulle's proposals for neu-
tralization of what was formerly French
Indochina under the supervision of the
powers which ratified the 1954 Geneva Agree-
ment have been met with hope and enthusi-
asm. Ho-Chi-Minh, President of North
Vietnam, has also expressed interest in this
plan. Senate Majority Leader MIKE MANS-
FIELD'S speech calling on the Senate to study
the French President's proposals has given
great encouragement to all those vitally
concerned with the peaceful solution of the
differences in Vietnam.
7. The Vietnamese people do not share the
fear frequently expressed in this country
that China will attack if the U.S. Army ad-
visers and officers are withdrawn. The his-
tory of Vietnam reveals that many invaders
have attacked the country throughout the
centuries. But so determined has been the
will to resist any foreign domination that
the intruder has always been turned back.
The Chinese who have had experience with
this stubborn Vietnamese resistance, are cer-
tainly aware of this fact.
8. The proposal of some Americans to
carry the war to North Vietnam would prove,
in my opinion, an extremely dangerous ven-
ture. Such action might very well lead to
World War Ill. The problems existing in
South Vietnam can never be settled through
military action.
I ask you, Mr. President, to use your in-
fluence to bring about a peaceful settlement
through neutralization of all Vietnam. You
will be acting in the best interests not only
of the Vietnamese and American people but
of all mankind.
Respectfully yours,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I wish to commend you on
your plea to withdraw our forces in the un-
declared war in Vietnam. We are support-
ing men in power there who do not have
the support of the people. If we extend the
war to the North, it would equally add to the
elements to defeat. And then our prestige
would fall with our allies and would add to
the escallating of a third war.
Let us withdraw and negotiate a peace
through the United Nations.
I wish to express my appreciation of your
stand as well as that of Senators MANSFIELD
and HUMPHREY.
Sincerely yours,
From the State of Washington:
MARCH 20, 1964.
DEAR CROTCHETY OLD WAYNE MORSE: I sa-
lute you on the only paper in the house. I
salute you with a title connoting-in these
times-honor beyond and way above the cor-
rect one.
Yippee for you, sir. You have made the
only sensible statement on the U.S.
future in the southeast Asia area. I heard
your remarks quoted on radio KIRO news-
cast yesterday. Keep talking. Keep re-
minding people of history's lessons to the
French and British. It makes plain good
sense, doesn't it? And costs somewhat less
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 30
to get out than to continue or expand our
present efforts.
I'm a wild-eyed liberal, so you can see
conservatives have no corner on horsesense.
Talk more.
Kudos,
From Florida:
"A critic of the U.S. foreign aid program
and an advocate of the withdrawal of U.S.
forces from South Viet Nam, MORSE called
Rusk's speech 'disgraceful and disruptable'
and 'one of the most unfortunate by a re-
sponsible government official in many
years.'" Yes.
Re Vietnam.
DEAR SENATOR: Thanks for your opinion on
Vietnam I am 10D percent for you.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I congratulate you
on your courage in calling for the withdrawal
of U.S. troops from South Vietnam. Our
sons should never have been there shedding
their blood for a cause which is not ours.
American fathers and mothers will be
grateful to you forever for trying to save the
lives of their strong young sons. Yours is a
lonely voice now, but It will be joined by the
voices of millions of peace-loving Americans.
Keep up your magnificient efforts for peace,
freedom and abundance for all the people
of the earth.
Gratefully yours.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Honor and glory to you for your courageous
stand regarding South Vietnam.
There is still hope for mankind when
people like you are In the Senate.
The voice of Senator DODD and his ilk is
the voice of evil. What they stand for can
lead only to nuclear war and man's de-
struction.
Keep up your good work. Decent men
in the United States of America and the
rest of the world are with you.
Respectfully.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: It Is with heart-
felt support that I hasten to urge your con-
tinued fight for the withdrawal of U.S.
forces from Vietnam.
Our policy is a failure and can only ignite
it world conflagration. We most not permit
this to happen.
Yours must be a lonely battle but be as-
sured that while few citizens write, many
are strong in support of your efforts.
I am also writing to the President urging
him to consider a reversal of our policy
thereby proving to the world that we are
willing to negotiate.
This is indeed an age of deep apprehen-
sion. But we must learn to survive it.
Respectfully yours,
MARcH 21, 1964.
DHAit SENATOR MORSE: A second letter of
;ghprec:iation for the speech made by you
regaraing Rusk and his McCarthylte type of
a.ccusaation.
It may interest you to know that while
heretofore I have bad to rely on publications
such as I. F. Stone's Weekly to learn of op-
position to our genocidal policy in Vietnam.
your most recent speech was published in our
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, and so I be-
lleve that for the first time thousands of
Philadelphians will become aware that there
Is congressional opposition to administration
activity In Vietnam.
In behalf of peace-loving Americans, thank
you.
I have written to CLARK asking him to sup-
port you.
I hope you will support CLARK in his con-
tention that it is unconstitutional for Con-
gressmen to retain their commissions in the
Reserve Forces. As a member of the Ameri-
can Civil Liberties Union I have today writ-
ten to them, asking them If there is not some
way of testing the constitutionality of the
1930 statute.
Please note that Cambodia has appealed to
the United Nations against United States-
South Vietnam violations of her border, In
which her people are being killed. I have
written to U Thant asking him to call for a
conference, and I have also thanked De Gaulle
for his proposals. Thank heavens I can call
on four or five American Congressmen to put
an end to our shameful actions in Asia.
Sincerely,
From Massachusetts:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I just wanted to send
you a fan letter saying how pleased I am
with the courageous position you have taken
on the issue of American Intervention In
South Vietnam. The world Is not a huge
piece of American real estate and the sooner
our Government realizes that. the better off
It will be, Don't back down to the Dean
Rusks and your role as one of the few free-
thinking American politicians will he secure.
Yours.
From New York State:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE.
U.S. Senator.
DEAR SIR: I wish to express my admiration
and appreciation of your forthright and elo-
quent criticism of Secretary of State Dean
Rusk in his smear tactics (Saturday New
York Times) against you and others that
oppose his policy In South Vietnam.
We need more such voices as yours and Mr.
GRUENING'; (and others) not afraid to be dis-
sidents when so much In our country and
the world's affairs are at stake.
Yours truly,
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please be informed
that I have written to President Johnson
condemning Secretary of State Rusk's re-
marks about you and Senator GRUENING in
which he indicated that you and Senator
GRUENING were guilty of unpatriotic state-
ment:, concerning South Vietnam.
May I commend you for your position
relating to the United States involvement in
South Vietnam. I believe with you that we
are guilty of more than folly. We will be
charged by history (if we are sensible
enough to avoid a nuclear holocaust) of
being responsible for the death of tens of
thousands of Vietnamese as well as many
U.S. servicemen.
Keep up the good fight.
Sincerely.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: In regard to your
recent taking Mr. Dean Rusk to task (see
the enclosed news clipping from the Sche-
nectady Gazette): good, good. And a big-
ger cheer for your speech (in regard to
South Vietnam) of March 4 In the Senate.
It's my guess that you've got a hell of a
lot of support around the country for your
position on South Vietnam. Keep hammer-
ing away, Senator-don't back down an Inch.
Ours 1s an immoral, provocative, extremely
danger laden position in Vietnam-and we
need voices of courage in high places to
apprise the American public of this fact.
Again, Senator, bravo (and the same to
Senators GRUENING, BARTLI:IT, MANSFIELD,
and ELLENDEa-may your tribe increase). As
an American. I am ashamed that the two
dirtiest words In Asia, today, are Hiroshima
and napalm.
Sincerely,
From Pennsylvania:
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.:
We are In complete agreement with you
concerning wisdom of withdrawal from Viet-
nam of hundreds with whom Vietnam was
discussed. Everyone spoke in most disap-
proving teams over our 10-year involvement.
A nonmilitary solution should be sought. Am
sending copies to my Senators and Repre-
sentative as well as President Johnson.
From Michigan:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator,
Washington, D.C.:
DEAR MR. MORSE: It is ve::y gratifying to
hear the best brains west of the Mississippi
speak out about the fracas in Vietnam.
My sincere thanks to you.
Very sincerely,
P.S.-I watch the "Today" show almost
daily.
From New York State:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Chamber.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am not one of your
constituents, but I wish I were. It would
be nice to have a real live Senator represent-
ing me. But as a responsible Senator, you do
represent all of us. I approve heartily of
your stand on Vietnam, and am with you
100 percent, when you state. "Let's get out
of Vietnam." The latest Incident on the
Cambodian border has left me physically sick.
What has happened to our ideals and stand-
ards If we can bomb, strafe, and spray with
napalm gasoline (which we used to deny us-
ing), innocent villagers who don't even know
what It's all about? And American planes
were used on both sides. Lets get out before
more such ugly incidents occur, and they
must, as this dirty war drags on.
Respectfully yours,
From Maryland:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I, as well as most of
my friends, completely support your sensi-
ble. realistic stand on withdrawing our mil-
itary forces from South Vietnam.
We would like to form it delegation to call
upon the Senators of our Sta a to urge them
to support your intelligent position. Do
you have any material that you could send
me that would assist us in cur purpose?
We are interested in doing anything that
will help achieve success in your courageous
efforts so please advise me of any other ways
that we can be helpful.
Very sincerely,
From Illinois:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
SIR: Last night after reading an article in
the Chicago American titled, "Two Dems
Attack Rusk Talk as 'McCarthyism,'" byline,
one Ernest B. Vaccaro, and reading remarks
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ascribed to you therein it was my unpleasant
necessity to get outside and retch.
Within my memory this is the second oc-
casion you. have besmirched yourself as an
individual and as a Senator, and thereby
besmirched that body by wallowing in the
gutter and using a foul phrase coined by
that paragon of journalism, the Daily Worker
in a futile effort to make a point versus an
opponent.
While I agree with you in your opposition
to the so-called foreign aid bill this makes
us strange bedfellows and your opposition
to this bill and to remarks alleged to Sec-
retary of State Dean Rusk certainly does not
begin to justify your calumny against the
memory of a dedicated American who served
his country in war and peace, in the Armed
Forces and in civilian life, as an outstanding
pubic servant.
In this article you are quoted as stating
Rusk's alleged remarks "one of the most un-
fortunate by a responsible Government offi-
cial in many years." The above being true
(debatable) in what position are you placed
by your calumny against the late Senator
Joseph McCarthy, assuming, of course, that
you are a "responsible Government official."
You and others with views not undestand-
able continue to spout the venom which the
enemies of Senator McCarthy brought to a
head with the ill-advised and later repu-
diated Senate censure. Over the years Sena-
tor McCarthy has been proven right "again
and again and again" and it is apparent
that this vindication is as a "bone in your
throat."
To apologize you should stand in front
of a mirror and first render an apology to
your image so reflected, then stand on the
Senate floor, as a man would, and apologize
to that body and the Nation.
From California :
SENATOR MORSE: The March 13 edition of
the Stars and Stripes carried the report of
your speech to the Senate that you delivered
March 10 on the Vietnam policy. I respect
your right to your opinions as I hope you do
mine. This letter will undoubtedly mean
little as you already have your own ideas
but it will have served its purpose in the
fact that it has allowed me to blow off a
little steam, and maybe, just maybe, you'll
take a closer look and come out with a differ-
ent understanding of our country's stand
in Vietnam.
The article begins with the bold headline:
"Senator MORSE Raps Vietnam Policy, calls
American Deaths 'Murder'." The headline
wasn't very much in comparison to the first
sentence which stated, "Senator WAYNE
MORSE, Democrat, of Oregon, told the Senate
Tuesday that 'all of South Vietnam isn't
worth the life of one American boy' and
called the mounting list of U.S. troop fatal-
ities there an issue of 'murder'."
I'm in the service and stationed at an air-
base in Japan; quite a ways from Vietnam
and the fighting that goes on there. I live
in comparative safety and comfort to the
people that are stationed in Vietnam. I
don't really know how they feel or how I
would feel if I was there. I should prob-
ably thank God that I am not there. The
greater share of servicemen stationed in
Vietnam probably know that they are there
for a good cause. That has probably drawn
a big smirk to your lips knowing what you
believe. To be able to do the job they have
so far done they must have been able to say
to themselves "It is important to my coun-
try that I am here," and know and believe
in this. It is just as important for me to
believe that my being here in Japan has
some purpose, it would be nicer to be back
in the States helping to protect the conti-
nental United States from aggression.
Japan, Vietnam, Korea, Guam, Wake, France,
Germany, and many other countries are
buffers between us and the Big Bear. We
need them just as much as they need us.
Communism is a lot like a cancer. The
cancer must be held in tow and not allowed
to grow in any area or it will eventually con-
sume the whole body. Tarawa and Other
Pacific islands too numerous to mention
were worthless pieces of land as land goes.
None of them were worth the life of an
American but nobody argued that fact that
it had a purpose for which some Americans
had to die. That purpose was to stop a
growing cancer and it was achieved. A new
cancer formed when the other had been
destroyed. As long as there is such a coun-
try as America there will be reforming can-
cers, I have no wish to die but if it takes
my life or my son's life or his son's or maybe
some kids across the country to keep the
U.S.S.R. from sailing into New York harbor,
isn't it worth the price?
I appreciate any time and consideration
you have given this letter.
Yours truly,
MARCH 16, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We commend you
wholeheartedly for your protest against our
policy in Vietnam. It was shocking to us
to hear Secretary of Defense McNamara say
that the U.S. Government and the people
are with you. What right has he to speak
for all the American people? Have you read
"The Furtive War" by Mildred Burkett, also
the article by Edgar Snow "The War in Viet-
nam"? We feel so deeply that the time has
come when we must rethink this entire pol-
icy of war and find the way out. If we don't,
the only alternative is nuclear disaster. Is
this the best our so-called civilization can
offer? Thanks again. Could you send us
copy of remarks?
We also commend you for statements
made in protest against Adolph Heusinger's
appointment as actual head of NATO. We
have read "Heusinger of the Third Reich"
by Chucks Allen, Jr., with foreword by Hugh
B. Hrater, brigadier general U.S. Army retired.
The latter has made it very clear how dan-
gerous he considers this appointment.
From Ohio:
MARCH 19, 1964.
DEAR MORSE: Stone's Weekly, March 16,
1964, carries abridgement of your March 4
speech on war in Asia. For whatever it is
worth, I agree fully with quoted remarks.
For me, we have long been far too busy
trying to run the affairs of too many peoples.
To assist them to help themselves is a worthy
objective. But we've done too much more
than this under the "umbrella" of anti-
communism which can be made to mean
anything we want it to mean. We need to
cut out so-called military aid.
Sincerely,
MARCH 19, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your stand against
deeper involvement in Vietnam is in keeping
with otherwise policies you have advocated-
more power to you.
I have sent editorials from the local paper
and petitions bearing signatures expressing
the same judgment to President Johnson.
He should know that many people are doubt-
ful of this thing.
Yours with great appreciation,
MARCH 21, 1964.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Bless you for
your courageous stand against the war in
Vietnam.
Sincerely yours,
P.S.-I have written to President John-
son to ask him to appoint you Secretary of
State.
6377
MARCH 18, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I agree with you that
we have no business in South Vietnam and
the sooner we withdraw our military aid,
the better for us all. We lost too many
Americans already without extending the
war. We lost so many Americans in Korea
where we did not belong, either. The people
in South Korea threw out the one we placed
in power and the same will happen in Viet-
nam.
Yours truly,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I wish to congratulate
and thank you for your speech in Congress
with reference to the Vietnam situation. It
is the most refreshing and sensible view, I
have heard since we got involved in this
senseless struggle, in contrast to some jingo-
istic proclamation that we carry the war to
North Vietnam.
We have tried a similar phony war in
Korea to great suffering of many American
families. (My sister lost her only boy, of
18. There were other losses of near and
dear ones, and to what end?) Did those
youngsters fight for the honor and freedom
of America? They had no idea what they
were fighting for. They only knew, they
had to kill or be killed.
Now, we are again involved in a useless,
irrational struggle, which at best after the
loss of many American lives, we can reach
a deadlock, while at worst bring about a
nuclear war.
I wrote to the President and a number of
Senators, urging them to seriously consider
the advice and efforts of General de Gaulle to
bring about a settlement between North and
South Vietnam, neutralize the entire area.
I do hope many American parents and
people in general will begin to realize the
real danger in the policy we are pursuing and
demand that the Government bring their
loved ones back home.
Thank you again.
Very sincerely,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Your one-man fight against
our Government's ill-advised assistance in
Vietnam is most commendable. There are
many people here in my community who en-
dorse your stand and hope that you continue
your efforts on our behalf.
Very sincerely,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Cheers. Your sensi-
ble, courageous and necessary speech on Viet-
nam was the most cheering voice from Wash-
ington I've encountered in some time. How
can our Government be so shortsighted and
self-defeating? Unhappily I've seen only ex-
cerpts from your speech-would it be possible
for me to have a copy of it all?
I'm venturing to enclose a letter I wrote
to the Times. I've had an astonishing ' re-
sponse to it-phone calls and letters and re-
quests to join discussion gatherings. I'm
convinced that there is deep disquiet about
the situation, as there well might be, since
as long ago as March 1962 the Wall Street
Journal reported what it said was the Penta-
' Not in volume of course-but all favor-
able.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 30
goo's plan for "escalation" against "Red
territory."
Although I'm a long way from Oregon
would it be possible for me to receive your
Newsletter? I'd appreciate It.
sincerely.
VIETNAM WITHDRAWAL URGED; EVENTS BE-
LIEVfD To INDICATE NEITHER LEADERS NOR
PEOPLE WANT OUR HELP
To the EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TIMES:
Reporting to the House Armed Services
Committee on January 27, Secretary of De-
fense McNamara said:
"In the case of South Vietnam our help
is clearly wanted, and we are deeply engaged
in supporting the Vietnamese Government
and people in their war against the Com-
munist Vietcong.
Surely Secretary McNamara meant to say
"our help is clearly not wanted," for almost
as he was speaking the Government which
presumably wanted our help to keep fight-
ing was overthrown by another military coup,
and the Times reported this event in head-
lines which read: "Vietnam Junta Ousted by
Military Dissidents Who Fear Neutralism."
In other words, the generals whom our Gov-
ernment supported In their coup to replace
the Diem government which was beginning
to "flirt with neutralism" began in turn to
incline toward the same policy. If anything
seems clear In this grim situation it is that
our Government Is finding it increasingly
difficult to find even military leaders who
"clearly want our help" to continue their
fratricidal strife.
As for the Vietnamese people, it has never
been their wax. If reports In the Times (and
our news weeklies) have made anything
clear, it is that the Vietnamese people have
supported the war so little that a ruthless
policy of forcing them into fortified villages
was introduced to prevent them from help-
ing the guerrilla fighters. And the so-called
Vietcong may or may not be Communists, or
pro-Communist, but they are unquestionably
Vietnamese.
LACK OF OUTCRY
The situation in Vietnam Is so unworthy
of us that the apparent lack of popular out-
cry against it suggests a condition of indif-
ference and moral callousness few of us
would have believed possible only a few years
ago. It is this growing apathy and callous-
ness that is the true enemy of the values we
hold dear.
The U.S. Government should at once pre-
sent the problem of Vietnam to the U.N.
Security Council and should withdraw our
military advisors and stop providing millions
of dollars a day to keep a war going.
If our leadership means only destruction
and death for the people who live in distant
areas our commentators call "strategic real
estate" our Nation will go down In history as
just another rampaging great power, self-
convinced that our might makes right. And
it will not be the Communists who will have
betrayed us. It will have been ourselves.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington. D.C.
DEAn SIR: I approve of your stand to with-
draw our men from Vietnam. I wish there
were more men like you in Congress and
Senate. Out of about 15 neighbors not one
approves of our meddling and sending troops
all over world. What business have we in
Korea"
I would like to see a man like you as
President of our country.
I am opposed to the conscription law
called selective service except when coun-
try is at war.
Only Congress has the right to declare war:
to hell with police actions like Korea.
Where one writes you as I am doing,
thousands intend to, but put it off and neg-
lect to do so.
This from a combat veteran that has seen
many men killed and to hell with foreign aid.
From Ohio:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I recently wrote a large
article about withdrawing our armies from
all over the world and set this program out
and the revolutionary people overthrow their
government and not until they go down in
defeat. The sooner we learn to do as our
first President warned the Nation to do, the
better off we will he. No tangling alliances
are necessary. I am glad you and Senator
GRUENING stand for this type of thing. Stay
by the program that Is outgrowth of Christ's
sayings. All I can think of there ruling peo-
ple is they are tools of Satan and getting
the country Into deeper debt all the time.
Wish you would let Mr. (iRUENING read the
enclosed also.
Just thought I ought to let you know some-
thing perhaps that no one ever has told you
before and something which I never yet have
run across--a person able to any this same
thing and twice have I traveled through
the near ea3t-14 countries the first time and
15 countries the second time. It Is this: In
October of 1915 one night at 11 p.m. and
our Lord Jesus Christ came Into my home.
I was so dumb struck that I could not talk
or open my mouth. Ile stayed 1 minute and
never said one word and turned and went
out the same way he came In.
I have been talking about His coming ever
since and the only way to escape this next
war which will be "Hell" is by being a bap-
tized believer in Him and loving and look-
ing forward to His coming. You will be
caught up to meet Him at the marriage feast
otherwise you stay behind. I wish you would
pass this Information around so that many
people will be saved.
I would like to describe His appearance
and if you are interested I will write you
and tell about His looks and again three
pictures I got In a dream of April 1917-
which showed me the breakdown of this
civilization and His coming and that I was
to live to see it. Could tell you a lot more
but maybe you are disinterested from this
standpoint Anyway it Is true.
Best wishes.
LETTER ON PRICE FIXING DaAws COMMENT
To the EDrroa:
This Is a short reply to a letter on price
fixing written by a Mr. Frank Krucia, which
appeared in your interesting column "Voice
of the People," a few weeks ago.
Mr. Krucia. I can understand having read
your letter that you have had little or no
experience in conducting it business.
You should try It for just 3 months and
look "much encouraged?" at your red and
black figures.
NEW ORDER NEEDED To ACHIEVE WORLD PEACE
To the EDrroa:
"Where there is no vision, the people per-
ish."
This saying fits Into our times, and espe-
cially does it fit the political leaders of our
country. Sight Into the future only comes
by observing what the great planners laid
down as rules and laws to be carried out in
our relationship with men and nations.
Supernatural thinking that comes through
it divine relationship is lacking among our
political, as well as other leaders.
Viewing a Meet the Prc s program, clearly
left one with the impression that Secretary
Ball Is only in hopes that what we do will
be sucessful in preventing the spread of com-
Ilhunism around the world.
Not one of the candidates who have spoken
thus far seem to know what to do in this
reshuffled political world.
Doing only what has been done in the past
will not bring peace even if we won all the
wars and subdued all peoples, something im-
possible to do. Not by might nor by power
can we settle things. A new order is being
born and will take the place of old methods
which is "By My Spirit" sayeth the Lord.
Unless this type of person ig elected to the
Presidency, failure stares the country in the
face.
We may have one more chance to get
right with our "Maker" and he who is elected
must be a dictator for a short period of time,
until he reverses the trend toward disaster.
Our soldiers must be withcrawn from all
the nations of the earth, even to the point
of recalling our representatives. This will
leave the world ripe for communism, and
then they will be overextended to such an
extent that a revolt will overthrow the pres-
ent Communist leaders, and out of the chaos,
all nations will have it rebirth. The expense
of keeping armies In other ccuntries can be
spent at home.
The Monroe Doctrine can be carried out to
the fullest degree-and we :an follow in-
structions as given to the Nation by our first
President, which was to refrain from en-
tangling alliances with other nations.
In 1914 the First World War was started
and we remained out of it until April 1917.
At this time, England and France were losing
the war, and to save the big bankers (who
loaned money to them) from losses, we en-
tered the war.
Again on December 7, 1941, we entered the
Second World War for same reasons. We
sold our war equipment and supplies to
them.
Our armies are In countries around the
world, and we are overextended, for sole pur-
pose of saving the world for democracy. Our
economic system will not stand the strain-
and high prices and inflaticn will be the
result.
Better select the right person who has the
vision this time, and one who will stand
upon the above-mentioned plants of a real
platform.
THE SUN Is A COLD BODY WITH A GLORIFIED
BAND OF LIGHT AROUND IT-'SHE SUN Is NOT
A HOT BODY
In ancient times men thoug:tt of the sun as
a gaseous ball of fire coming up in the east in
the morning and going down in the west in
the evening. They thought of heat from the
sun as warming the earth and affecting all
life: vegetable, animal, and human.
Seasons were formed by the sun's move-
ment north and south in its path from east
to west. In recent centuries it was revealed
to men that the sun was no, in movement
around the earth but that tie opposite was
true. The earth revolved on ts axis once in
24 hours In its path or orbit around the sun
at the speed of 18!2 miles pe- minute. The
sun, likewise, is traveling in as orbit carry-
ing along its nine satellites of which the
earth Is one. At a tremendous speed it is es-
timated that it takes 40,000 years to complete
one orbit. The North Star holds the axis of
the earth In line, thereby causing the differ-
ent seasons. The more direst cosmic rays
from the sun bring about a higher degree of
heat in the atmosphere of the earth, as well
as other planets.
If the sun was hot because of gases ana
inflammable materials being turned, it could
not have continued through the ages as it
has. It would have burned itself out long
ages ago. If, as has been thcught the sun's
temperature could he in the neighborhood of
40,000', and that the flames from the burning
gases extend a hundred thousand miles from
the surface. then again the sun would not
exist today.
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
An eclipse of the sun occurs when the moon
is between the sun and the earth in line with
each other. Likewise, an eclipse of the moon
occurs when the earth is between the sun
and the moon in line with each other. The
eclipse of the sun always occurs in the day-
time, the eclipse of the moon always at night.
The size of the sun, earth, and moon, and
the distances between them indicate they ex-
ist in size today as they were made in the be-
ginning by the Great Architect. So natu-
rally, we must assume again the sun has not
shrunk in size. Therefore, we must project
or think out a more reasonable theory, which
is that the sun is a body a million miles in
diameter with a glorified cold lightband
around it, and cannot be consumed nor ever
shall be until it has served the Great Creator's
purposes or plans. No deterioration of its
intense light has been observed in our civili-
zation or history except black spots observed
from time to time. On one occasion there
was a complete blackout of the sun that oc-
curred at the time of the crucifixion of
Christ.
Again we must say, it remains as it was
made in the beginning of time. A firefly
gives a cold light just as some fish of the
sea are known to have this florescence, light-
ing the waters around them. This again
shows the power of the Great Creators.
We have recorded in history on many
occasions where cold light manifested itself.
1. The burning bush that was not con-
sumed, seen by Moses, a cold glorified light.
Exodus 3: 2, 3.
2. The cold glorified light seen by the wise
men of the east led them to Bethlehem where
the child Jesus was born. Matt. 2: 1-10.
3. The cold glorified light observed by the
shepherds as the glory of the Lord when
they were told to go into the city to see
that which was come to pass. Luke 2: 8-10.
4. The cold glorified light manifesting it-
self on the Mount of Transfiguration, when
Jesus Christ was glorified having with him
Peter, James and John who later told and
wrote their experiences. Matt. 17: 1-6.
5. The cold glorified light in tongues of
fire on the day of Pentecost. Acts 2: 1-6.
6. The cold glorified light used on Saul
of Tarsus compelling him to change his
whole course of life from a persecutor to a
preacher of the gospel. Acts 9: 1-6.
7. The cold glorified light in which Christ
will come soon when the armies gather in
the Near East to judge the nations and set
up His Kingdom on earth. Matt. 24: 30.
These demonstrate the cold light theory.
Nothing was consumed by the fiery glorified
light but did bring fear to those who saw
these things. Therefore we again conclude
there is no heat that originates in the sun.
Consequently, there is a band of glorified
light around the sun which is never con-
sumed and has always remained to give light
to the planets revolving around it.
If the sun is a cold body which it is, plus
the glorified band then all we can receive
from the sun is light. The space between
our earth and the sun is a cold complete vac-
uum. It is known that light emanates from
itsits source through a vacuum to a more
efficient degree. Again, no heat could come
through a cold vacuum 93 million miles and
reach the earth. If the sun were a hot body
that shed heat upon the earth the mountain
tops would be the first to feel the effects of
that heat. There could be no ice upon these
high mountain tops as there is today. In the
record of creation in Genesis, the sun is
called the greater light that rules the day.
Radio and television bring us sound and
pictures from thousands of miles in less than
a second of time. We must come to the con-
clusion that there exists a band of light
particles moving very fast around the earth
from east to west. Lightning, which is
trapped particles of light compressed, always
shines out of the east and travels westward.
Our earth travels west to east on its axis and
through space 1% million miles in a 24-hour
period or about 73,000 miles per hour. The
particles of light making up this light band
of microwaves are not seen by the eyes of
man. They can go through most material
substances without hindrance. These must
have a uniform shape and I would suggest
they are saucer shaped and that they face
up to the sky.
When the sun is higher more light reflects
itself on the face of the saucer, thereby heat-
ing or warming the nitrogen and oxygen and
hydrogen, which make up 99 percent of our
atmosphere.
More heat is generated in summer than
in winter because the cosmic rays of light
from the sun shines on more of the surface
of the saucer shaped particles of light. Mag-
nets must be used to pull the minute par-
ticles of light to them. We can then induce
these particles of light through an induction
coil to come out of the magnets. The speed
of the coil picks up the particles of light,
compresses them and the result is electricity.
Electricity in the solid disintegrates very
rapidly and becomes particles of light again.
Eight minutes of time is consumed for light
to travel from our sun to the earth. Again,
we must say and conclude that it is light
from the sun shining upon particles of light
that brings about climatic changes upon the
surface of the earth.
When on the fourth day of creation as re-
corded in Genesis, God made two great lights,
one to rule the day and the other to rule the
night. These give light upon the earth for
the purpose of dividing the day from the
night or the light from the darkness. The
moon is not a glorified body of itself but
does reflect the light from the glorified sun.
If there was heat emitting from the sun
planets nearest would be much hotter. The
heat on the other planets is regulated by the
density of the radiation band of light par-
ticles revolving around them on which the
light from the sun shines. Therefore, we
must and can assume that many can land on
any planet, the sun included, and will not be
harmed by atmospheric conditions. When a
person looks upon the dark spots upon the
sun you can get a glimpse of what the entire
sun is under the glorified light which of
itself has no heat whatsoever.
From Washington, D.C.:
MARCH 21, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your realistic ap-
poach on the Vietnam situation and your
efforts to insist that the facts in this tragic
situation be brought to the American people
are greatly appreciated.
We do not want to kill, or to be killed;
nor do we feel justified in being involved in
this Asian war. U.S. troops do not belong in
Vietnam.
In this, the nuclear age, negotiation is the
only solution to international problems. Ob-
viously our way is not a good way; obviously,
your suggestions that we cease fighting a
senseless civil war and use the available fa-
cilities for a negotiated settlement will pre-
vail if the true facts are more generally
known and understood.
To you, and to your supporting colleagues,
thanks.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
MARCH 20, 1964.
HONORABLE SIR: The "falling domino"
theory would have it that, relinquishing
South Vietnam, we would soon lose south-
east Asia.
And as I see it in time Malaysia would be
lethally embraced by the Indonesian expan.
sionists from the south, while the Chinese-
6379.
including the Vietcong-would absorb the
mainland, even to Singapore.
Perhaps we should write it off and let them
do what they will, for otherwise, we'll be
bogged down for years; an endless drain of
both men and money.
Leaving them to stew in their own rice
paddies we would gain this benefit: A big
mobile battle wise force which might con-
ceivably be aimed at Cuba (although I think
we are too late for that there).
I have unorthodox opinions regarding
colonialism: It would have been better had
we not repealed the Platt amendment, in-
stead we should have so Americanized the
island that we would have almost owned it.
"Realpolitik" is oftentimes best. I have
lived in Cuba and know a lot about northern
Camaguey Province, and was surprised that
the unfortunate Bay of Pigs invasion took
place; surprised that paratroopers were not
used, for, as you know, Cuba averages a lit-
tle over a hundred miles across its 750-mile
length.
We should take the long look at invasions
and land grabbing from reading history, and
observing the (generally) beneficial results
that are imposed by Western nations on the
less cevilized. Algeria is on a subsistence lev-
el now. Under the French, railroads were
built, sewer lines installed, magnificent
buildings, boulevards, and measures taken
against the creeping Sahara. The heritage
of the Dutch in Indonesia is roughly sim-
ilar; the British left India a viable country
despite the almost inevitable oppressions
of a colonial power.
I think this country, too, has gained im-
measurably by the colonial process since
the 1600's. The export money from Amster-
dam and London certainly was a potent
factor in early development; and, in the
19th century a lot of money came from
abroad-along with the immigrants-to
make possible the transcontinental rail-
roads, the big ranches of Texas, and develop-
ment of cities.
I believe we should retrench in foreign
aid (and use some of that money in, say,
"Appalachia" instead). Let each payment
be scrutinized to each country. What
would the cut be to the oligarchy? How
much would filter down to those who need
it? We should get a quid pro quo. Per-
haps the Peace Corps should handle more
of these funds, and have some of their mem-
bers be auditors for fiscal work. Selectiv-
ity in foreign aid: "What do we get out of
it?" should be at the top of our mind.
Sincerely and respectfully yours,
From New York State:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your forthright at-
tack on the appalling Vietnam policy of our
Government deserves the support and com-
mendation of every American.
It is appalling to think that the brave old
jingos in our Senate and in the Pentagon
are willing to let countless young men die
and rot in that miserable war simply to
prove a reckless anticommunism.
I hope you will continue to try to lead us
into some sort of sanity.
Cordially.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Although I am not
from your State, I would like to thank you
for your stand on Vietnam, and ask you to
continue your efforts for withdrawing our
troops.
Our position is unjust and the methods
(backed by the United States) are loathsome.
I have written to Senator JAVrrs to register
my opposition to our involvement in Viet-
nam's affairs, but I doubt that he paid any
attention to my letter. Senator KEATING
has never represented me or my views and
I didn't even bother to let him know how I
feel about this.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 30
Please do not let Secretary Rusk's smear
techniques deter you, but continue to make
your pints loud and clear. Perhaps the
American public will listen to you.
't'hank you.
From Connecticut:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you. Thank
you. Thank you. I have written to President
Johnson to tell him I agree with your position
on Vietnam. Your courage and wisdom In
this matter has been an inspiration.
On Thursday I saw an AP photo of a Viet-
namese father holding his badly burned baby
in his arms. The baby was burned by
American bombs, dropped by American
planes, used in a war financed by Americans.
The planes were straffing the village In an
attempt to flush out guerrillas who "sought
to hide among innocent civilians." No pic-
ture could better display the total moral
bankruptcy of our policy in Vietnam.
I pray President Johnson will realize the
enormity of our crime against the people of
Vietnam and seek peace through negotiation.
Gratefully.
From Ohio:
Senator MORSE: The absolute need to pare
down foreign aid is very much with us In
this session of Congress.
Your fight for this need draws much basic
sympathy from the American public. The
needs in Vietnam and related areas of Asia
must be looked into in the light of domestic
needs. New views and more vigorous anti-
Communist policies must be talked about
fully.
Is it really true that our worldwide posi-
tion vis-a-vis to communism and to our
allies will be compromised by spending less
money here?
I doubt that very much.
There is Such a thing as exaggerating dan-
gers in order to justify outlays. The foreign
program in many cases has been a near
failure. In other areas it has proved valu-
able.
The point you must take up in Congress
is the golden road of minimum expenditure
with maximum international security.
Realistically speaking. Not with the eter-
nally pessimistic view of our military
spenders.
We have poured much treasure and some
blood in these areas of the world. It Is time
to look honestly at the fruits. I dare say
what we have here is simply a compromise.
Is this the best policy in the long-term
sense?
Is it enough to close the door to Commu-
nist infiltration and self-styled wars of
liberation? Are we to pour aid ad infintum
into a delaying or holding action here? Is
this the beat our planners can present us
with? Is this the limit of their resourceful-
ness?
Are we the prisoners of our own fears of a
nuclear war? Every time a vigorous step Is
advocated the cry goes up of such steps
escalating into world wars.
Apparently the Reds have no such inhibi-
tions. They start all sorts of local bonfires
and ae are forced to do their bidding by
fighting their kind of scrap.
Anyone who believes that Russian or Chi-
nese long-term policies calls for a nuclear
showdown with a superior United States over
Cambodia or North Vietnam or in any other
peripheral area of the Red Empire 1s to me
a fool of the nuclear jitters or Irresponsible.
These are hard times and hard times require
stern and hard tasks. We must go on and
on. We must decide If the Interest of his-
torical democracy and democratic causes can
be served by piecemeal efforts such as we
have in Vietnam. I trust you will bring
these questiorts to the fore of the Congress.
Sincerely yours,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SENATOR: How can we, the people,
thank you that you have had the guts to
address the so-called sacred persons and de-
partments of the administration (March 3
and 4) by telling them the unminced, blunt
truth about Vietnam, that we should get out
of there, that in first place we never should
have gotten In, that It would be disastrous
to escalate that war to the north of South
Vietnam. Also then we should not "get
back" China.
Why does nobody in the administration
listen to this reasonable argument? Why do
they 'think that the world is still In the
year 1900 :aid nothing has changed since
then?
Please, Senator MORSE, we common people
urge you to insist upon your right opinion
and repeat It, repeat it, repeat It, very loudly
until even the dead would hear it-the dead
and the miserably tortured In that unhappy
country. where the Americans are not with-
out guilt, rather.
Then I wish fervently to urge you to con-
centrate your strength and courage on hin-
dering the event of conveying nuclear weap-
ons and control over them to Germany
(Bonn) via NATO. Then the world would
really be near the brink and soon over the
brink. I think you know that.
So we are proud to have once in a while a
reasonable and just thinking Senator or
Congressman who speaks out what Is what.
Plain language Is fine; louder and more often,
please.
Wishing you success, I am,
Very sincerely.
From Now Jersey:
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE.
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I stayed out of the
controversy over Vietnam until I read the
New York Times this morning. Now I take
pen in hand.
I want you to know that I am writing
President Johnson and my own Senators
(CASE and WILLIAMS) urging the modifica-
tion of our policy to the point of seeking a
multinatlon settlement agreement, and that
there be no expansion of the sanguine
conflict.
The governing regime in Saigon, like its
predecessors. lacks majority Popular support:
and no essential American Interests are at
stake there. The frightful logic of our re-
maining there leads either to defeat or will-
ful expansion of the war-which means ulti-
mate final defeat for mankind.
For the true notes you sound. my heartfelt
thanks.
Respectfully yours,
From Nebraska:
"Man longs for a moral order, logically
supported."-Hugo Black.
Re "The U.S. decision to pull out most of the
15,000 troops In Vietnam by 1985 had offi-
cial Washington split down the middle.
State Department and White House ad-
visers were against It (they thought It
would have a bad effect on the Saigon
Government). Defense Secretary Mc-
Namara argued it would spur the Viet-
namese into becoming self-reliant. L.B.J.
backed McNamara."-Newsweek, March
2, page 10, Periscope.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Bravo N times:
When I read the above, I was delighted and
thought L.B.J. should invite McNamara to
the vice presidency position on the ticket.
The White House advisers had better think
in terms of the United States of America be-
fore either bad or good effects on Saigon-
where we have absolutely no business as you
have declared. L.B.J.'s advisers are going to
maneuver him into a defeat as they are
war minded. The people have always been
peace minded. Truman knew he couldn't
be reelected because of Korea. Stevenson
will never believe that Eisenhower was elected
because his speechwriter, John Emmet
Hughes cleverly Inserted "if elected, I will go
to Korea ? ? ?" implying a ceasefire. The
ladies thronged to the polls, 3 million who'd
never voted before, marked only Eisenhower's
name. Idiot Stevenson insists It was his mil-
itary glamour that elected him. Bunk. It
was the implied ceasefire. You have access
to L.B.J.; please explain the parallel. Saigon
can easily be turned into another Korea,
and if it Is, L.B.J. will be voted out. Even
If McNamara has now changed his mind,
and is going to push the war, it doesn't
change the fact that he was right the first
time. Our boys must be removed from Sai-
gon, from Vietnam at the earliest possible
moment. L.B.J. will assure his reelection If
he does; he will assure his defeat if he does
not. Let him learn to spit In the warmongers'
eyes-and to discharge any adviser who is
not peace minded.
If McNamara comes out again for return-
ing our boys to the United States of America,
home, where they belong, he will be best
Republican candidate, and he will be elected.
L.B.J. better understand this. Where U.S.
troops are needed; in the South. It is hor-
rifying to read the Student Voice reporting
one murder of our colored relatives after
another and the late President's scared
brother running about doing nothing. U.S.
racists killed his brother and we hear noth-
Ing of the Justice Department investigating
this barbarity. We have so much to do at
home, it Ill behooves us to be meddling
abroad anywhere. The United States of
America needs political leadership that does
not think about votes but abot,t justice-eco-
nomic justice-for the people. If President
Johnson forgets the election, and proceeds to
serve justice, his White House occupancy
will be extended by a landslide.
Enclosed copy of letter to unspeakable
DIRKSEN..
Sincerely,
Senator EvERETT DIRKSEN,
Washington, D.C.
SIR: At a "Meet the Press" i.ype broadcast,
you Indicated the United States of America
could not get out of Vietnam.
United States of America can and should
get out of Vietnam because It has no business
in Vietnam In the first place and but for the
likes of demented Spellman determined to
make Catholics out of Buddhists would not
be there.
Nearby China has kicked out Vatican ad-
herents-SpelIman's outfit is after China,
too; and, of course, the Rockefeller thieves
miss their big take from the Orient.
The sooner U.S. boys are removed from
Vietnam the better. Why don't you get into
uniform and go there yourself? You and the
likes of you whooping it up for death in
Vietnam should be put right on the firing
line.
A recent broadcast told about a Virginia
couple who would not accept the body of
their son the Army had sent back from Viet-
nam. Townsfolks who viewed the corpse
said It was the boy. The parents finally
brought themselves to face tt.e tragic reality
which they could not at f.rsi:, and accepted
their precious son's body. From here on
these bereaved parents will know a living
death. They will smile at people but in the
privacy of their home they are stricken.
You and Idiots like you are murderers.
I hope you are defeated In the next election.
With unlimited repugnance,
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From New York :
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your views on our
policy in Vietnam seems obvious enough to
be self-evident. I hope they made it obvious
that this policy has been conducted without
consulting the public who pay for it.
Senator GOLDWATER'S experience in the
New Hampshire primaries might be a clue as
to what the public thinks of a hard line in
Vietnam. If this is criticism then Secretary
Rusk will have to make the most of it-most
of the population then being traitors.
Respectfully,
From Wisconsin:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I was very pleased
to see on TV and in the press your vigorous
stand on Vietnam.
I hope that you and your coworkers can
put a stop to the sacrifice of the lives of
American boys and the wasting of billions of
the taxpayers money.
Sincerely,
From Illinois :
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Old Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I congratulate you on
your major speech on Vietnam 2 or 3 weeks
ago and for your determination to bring up
the matter periodically from now on. I note
that a small but growing number of Sena-
tors are joining you in speaking frankly
about questions which are too often left
under the rug.
Because you have been outstanding in
your devotion to debate on foreign policy free
of partisanship, I have enclosed .an article
which I wrote 2 weeks ago on the danger of
partisanship over Vietnam. It largely ig-
nores the possibility that the administra-
tion's policy is already rigidly set simply for
fear of any domestic outcry-the fact that
the threat of partisanship is as good as par-
tisanship itself in limiting foreign policy to
the line of least resistance.
It was also too early to take note of the
fact that Senator GOLDWATER has indulged
in exactly what was feared: the demand that
the war be won and labeling, in so many
words, the Johnson administration, "ap-
peasers" for not doing so.
The prospects, in other words, are grim.
I wish you well in your series of foreign
policy speeches.
Sincerely yours,
The newspaper article follows:
[From the Daily Illini, Mar. 11, 1964]
PARTISAN DANGER
By Gary Porter)
The startling victory of Ambassador Lodge
in the New Hampshire primary should make
the Republican Party think deeply about its
strategy for this election year.
It makes the use of the Vietnamese war
in the campaign a dubious proposition at
best, for if Lodge is indeed a serious con-
tender for the party's nomination-as the
rejection of the hard campaigners indi-
cates-then it would seem a foolish thing
for Republicans to stress too strongly an
issue with which he is so closely identified.
In their campaigns thus far, neither
GOLDWATER nor Rockefeller have said much
about Vietnam; in fact, GOLDWATER has ap-
parently been totally silent on the subject.
Rockefeller has asked Ambassador Lodge to
come home and "tell us what is wrong."
Minority Leader EVERETT M. DIRKSEN avoided
any direct mention of Vietnam in issuing
a statement for the Republican leadership
which referred to "President Johnson's con-
tinuing the late Mr. Kennedy's highly ques-
tionable policy of coexistence with the Com-
munist world."
There is not enough in what has happened
so far within the Republican Party to con-
clude that Republican candidates are going
to use Vietnam as a campaign issue, but the
possibility cannot be discounted. If it does
happen, the partisan attack will take the
form of demanding that the United States
win the war in southeast Asia and threaten-
ing implicitly to raise hell if there is any
withdrawal from that frustrating exercise.
Such a campaign could be successful; it
would blame the whole mess on the Demo-
cratic administration and, while not taking
any concrete position on policy alternatives,
would stand for "victory." The obvious ef-
fect of such a strategy would be unusual
pressure on President Johnson to either ex-
tend the war into North Vietnam or inform
the American people that no drastic meas-
ures are necessary in order to win.
This partisan danger will remain until or
unless Lodge makes public his intention of
being a candidate. Partisanship in foreign
policy always involves the possibility of
mischief in our foreign policy because of
two facts.
The first face is that the American people
as a whole do not themselves have the means
to grasp the complexities of foreign affairs;
they too often judge issues only on the basis
of what they would like to happen rather
than what is actually possible. They are
accordingly susceptible to deception at the
hands of men whose immediate motives are
the interests of a party rather than of a
nation.
The second fact is that American foreign
policy cannot in the long run rise above the
level of the American people. Except in an
emergency and where the need for a par-
ticular action is unambiguous to the Execu-
tive, foreign policy will be limited by the
moods and perceptions of the people.
Taken together, these two facts make for
the "extraordinary power of domestic pol-
ities-to subvert foreign policy," of which
Prof. Norman Graebner has written. And
the partisan danger was never so clear
as today, when a campaign based on the loss
of Vietnam seems to offer such political
gains.
It should not be necessary to demonstrate
that neither course is wise in order to show
that no President should have to contend
with domestic agitation which excludes a
third possibility. Such public pressure
would be purely political in origin, for it
would not develop out of mature discussion
of the issue.
This is partisanship in the most pejorative
sense of the word, for it violates the spirit
of bipartisanship which has stood as the
standard for American politics since the
end of the war. I say "the spirit," because
I do not mean to indict even the deepest
differences between parties over foreign
policy and criticism based on those differ-
ences.
What is condemnable is the charge of
weakness and incompetence against an ad-
ministration when a particular policy is
clearly failing. Pointing out that the policy
was misguided to begin with, or why and
how it must be changed-these are all legit-
imate functions of political parties. But the
kind of approach which we may see over
Vietnam neither takes responsibility for a
party stand nor wishes to see the issue
fairly analyzed; it is based on the notion
that when an American project abroad goes
wrong=even though it may involve vast
social and political forces over which we
have little or no influence-the fault lies
in the State Department or the White House.
We saw the ugly and disrupting effects
of this kind of partisanship after the fall of
China; it seriously impaired our ability to
deal in any objective way with the Chinese
problem for many years. But the partisan-
ship over China came well after the 1948
6381
election. We might ask ourselves what
might have been the impact of an outraged
Republican Party crying "appeasement" dur-
ing the campaign of that year.,
As I said before, it would be premature to
accuse Republicans of plotting partisan
campaigns over Vietnam, but there is ample
precedent for it. It is a damaging com-
mentary on the state of our politics if it
takes a major act of statesmanship or Henry
Cabot Lodge to keep them from it. I am
not suggesting for a moment that President
Johnson's opposition stop their "bellyach-
ing" and be kind to him on foreign affairs.
I am simply saying that there is no justifi-
cation for the absurdity of a campaign which
would substitute accusation for debate.
From Ohio:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
HONORABLE SIR: My salute to you, Sir, for
your courageous and forthright stand on
more aid to Vietnam.
I hold with you that the conflict there
cannot be won, and further, if it could what
would we have that would - prove advan-
tageous?
We cannot hope to win without the active
and eager aid of the South Vietnamese peas-
ant and from what I've read and seen on
television that aid is now firmly pledged to
the Vietcong. Ho beat the best France
could afford and those foreign legionnaires
are real good fighting men.
Seems to me that our aid adds up to soft
living for several thousand U.S. civilians,
hardship and death to many of our military
people, and keeps a bunch of South Vietna-
mese politicians in fancy uniforms, palaces,
women, and booze.
I am for trying to turn loose of this tar
baby.
Sincerely yours,
From Pennsylvania:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: A heartfelt word
of appreciation from a family of three for
all you have said on Vietnam. This comes
from a family who are better informed than
the average, and who read extensively com-
ments of the world's press, and the material
of the major peace groups.
We wish you would add one thing, the next
time you speak on Vietnam. When we see
the photographs of refugees, of Vietnamese
in the concentration camps-strategic ham-
lets-of the wounded and dead, we cringe,
and know ourselves to be morally guilty.
We think you should say that those who are
pressing the war in Vietnam, and this in-
cludes Johnson and McNamara, are guilty of
genocide, and one day they will be tried by
a world court, just as the Nazis are today
tried for genocide. It may take a little
longer-simply because the Vietnamese are
"yellow," but tried they will be one day.
And at least the Alloys and MORSE will be
able to say "Not guilty."
We cannot understand Senator CLARK'S
silence, and we have written to him, urging
him to speak up, and to prop up Senator
MANSFIELD, who collapses every time the.ad-
ministration scolds him. Perhaps you can
persuade CLARK and MANSFIELD to join you.
Sincerely,
From Kansas:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I wish to commend you for your
recent honest and realistic evaluation of the
situation in South Vietnam. May I urge
you to expend every effort to get some sanity
into our foreign policy relative to Asia.
Truly yours,
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From Minnesota:
Hon. W AYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator,
Senate Office Building,
Washington D .C.
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CONGRESSIONAL RE-CORI) -SENATE Warch 30
If it means folks like my family, who have
worked a lot, saved a little and generally
tried to be a paying member in good stand-
ing in the community; I suggest that a way
of getting a "better deal" for us would be
to get the burden of foreign aid of our backs.
particularly in areas where we are being
insulted daily. I'd suggest that we not
jeopardize the future of our industries and
farmers by allowing foreign products Into
the country at less than we can produce, in
the name of "good foreign relations."
If the "common man" is the person the
program on poverty is to appeal to, then I
suggest that we, who up until now have
considered ourselves the "middle class" will
soon be brought down to a level of medioc-
rity and will bring children Into the world
who will not strive to better themselves, as
the children of those who were on relief in
the 1930's continue to breed children who
see no point in working for salaries approxi-
mating their relief checks. In this connec-
tion, do you think the raising of the mini-
mum wage rate might get some of these
folks out of the house and to the employ-
ment office, to attempt to get the sort of
jobs which appear to be plentiful (judging
by ads in the city newspapers I see) laborers,
dishwashers, et cetera.
I would appreciate your comments.
Very truly yours,
DEAR SIR.:, Well, I don't always agree with
you, but thanks for telling the truth about
Vietnam.
I espectfully,
From New York:
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: May I write you how proud
I was to read In our local newspaper. The
Schenectady Gazette that you had the cour-
age to express your opinions about our pres-
ent foreign policy in South Vietnam and
the stand that Secretary Rusk takes that any
citizens who disagree with our foreign policy
are quitters and helpers of communism. I
have written to our Senators and the Presi-
dent that I am much opposed to the con-
tinuation of the war in South Vietnam.
Very truly yours,
From Ohio:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want to express
my support for a negotiated settlement in
Vietnam as called for by Senators Mansfield
and Bartlett, and I believe favored by you
too. Neutralization of Vietnam would be
sought all themore if momentarily our posi-
tion seems satisfactory, with more coopera-
tive local leadership. The long history of
guerrilla tactics with wide popular support
and our expensive, potentially explosive
stalemate make a major policy change im-
perative without crisis or new adverse pres-
sures.
Strong nationalistic feelings are said to
persist in this long divided country, abetted
no doubt by the past presence of the French.
North Vietnamese leaders have been seeking
a path not solely committed to either Pei-
ping or Moscow. Such possibilities should be
explored while they still persist. Ultimately,
and basic to problems in all of southeast
Asia is the need to open communication
with Communist leadership and admission
of Communist China to the U.N.
We need forthright public enlightment
on the realities Involved in Vietnam instead
of relyi: g too long on the idealistic hopes of
the Department of Defense and the State
Department.
Very sincerely yours,
Pte.-I have also expressed these views to
Senators MANSFIELD and BARTLE'IT and my
State senators.
From New York:
MARCH 20, 1984.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: On this morning's
newscast of the "Today" program, I heard
you express your views with respect to our
policy in Asia, and the foreign aid program.
I hope that many citizens heard you, and
write you as I am, to support you. Keep it
up, we need more like you in Washington.
Sincerely,
From Idaho:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate of the United States,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations on
your stand on the war in Vietnam-why, oh
why. do we get in messes like that in the first
place.
I wonder, as you are part of this admin-
istration, it you can tell me just who to this
"Conunon man" the administration wants to
help.
From New York:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DsAR SENATOR: Thank you for having the
courage and honesty to stand up and say
that we ought to get out of Vietnam. Please
keep up the good fight. The whole country
needs you.
Cordially,
yourself the need for it in Asia. I was there
in 1969 and felt that the terrible poverty
there would live longer than our generation.
The same thing is probably ;rue in Latin
America, which I have not seen. Today I
read in Carl Rowan's book "Tile Pitiful and
Proud" "I realized that logic and a sense of
decency told me that * - " it would be a
costly mistake for the United States to lessen
economic aid." I wish you could see that.
Yours truly,
From Florida:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I writ: to thank you
for your speech of March 4. You said what
needed to be said.
The war in Vietnam 1s a wicked war, Our
whole foreign policy is wrong--because it is
based on a wrong assumption-i.e., that we
have a duty to keep the world in line with
our policies, and our interests.
Sincerely,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
HONORABLE SIR: You have the support of
all Americans In your remarks about Secre-
tary Rusk. Just what policy is he talking
about? We do not have a foreign policy and
are In retreat everywhere in the world. The
defeats are so regular it looks very much
that, they might be planned that way. Is it
un-American to ask, why we are always ap-
peasing the Kremlin? Now, we are pleading
for the release of the men shot down in East
Germany and are ready to give away some
advantage on travel permibl to get them
back.
The same appeasement policy now has
Russia pointing their rockets at us from
Cuba and setting up a powerful seLsmatio
complex capable of directing nuclear tests
in Nevada. Their ultimate goal: Annual
American defensive and offensive missile
power. The caves In Cuba are full of missile
tracking stations according to an article by
Dr. Fernado Penabaz published in the Fort
Lauderdale News of this date.
The billions we have spent to stop com-
munism has now turned into help the Com-
munists, The money that went into Poland
and Yugoslavia has supported the Russian
economy for the past IT years. All foreign
aid must stop.
Most respectfully,
From California:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE.
Senate.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: We saw and heard you on
TV and certainly agree with you, "We can't
win the war in Vietnam," unless It is an all-
out war and is it worth It? Here we have
Cuba on our doorstep. What is being done?
Castro, telling us of. Little Panama telling
us off. It seems all any country wants is our
money. We are sick of foreign aid. It does
appear to only help the Communists to gain.
Our stand on some of the bills. Bill S.
1975. We would like to see this one pass.
We think all people should have civil
rights. However, the civil rights bill we op-
poso-because we feel it does give too much
power to the Federal Government.
We hear the Civil Liberties Union wants
to do away with chaplains in the Armed
Forces. We do Indeed object to this. If they
can't even have a chaplain to counsel with
them, what are our boys fighting to save?
Our only son is in the service of our country.
I think we are all weary with appeasement.
What is being done about our men shot down
in East Germany? What's going to be done?
I get clippings and hear facts from Alaska,
how the Communist fishing boats are about
to put the fisherman out of business-our
daughter teaches In a vilalge of fishermen's
homes.
May God help us all.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
From Maryland:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MoasE: I have so often ad-
mired your independent stand that I am
sorry to disagree with you heartily about
foreign aid. You have probably aeon for
Senator MORSE: I wish to compliment you
on the talk you gave on television "Today"
as to your thoughts on our spending of mon-
ey and young American men In southeast
Asia.
First man in the Government to talk like
a down to earth man.
How in the world do we as a Nation ex-
pect to save everyone? Maybe they have a
right to solve their own problems? Who are
we to tell everyone how to live?
Let us get our own house in order. All
Russia wants us to do Is spend ourselves
into bankruptcy and we sire are doing a
good job.
Stay in there and fight for solid business
ideas and keep United States safe.
Your truly,
From New York State:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Hon. ERNEST GRVENING,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATORS: As one of the signers
of the open letter to President Kennedy on
ending the war and bringing peace in Viet-
nam which was run in a number of news-
papers last summer, I am In a position to
report to you the continuing and growing
support, throughout the country, of the pro-
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD = SENATE
posal to withdraw our forces and submit the
problem to negotiation along the lines of
the Geneva Convention.
I enclose a copy of that open letter (which
you probably saw). More than 20,000 re-
prints of it were requested by various groups
throughout the country and evidence of
support has continued to pour in, even to-
day. I can assure you that there is even
stronger sentiment for our withdrawal from
Vietnam, as proposed in your speech in the
Senate, reported in the New York Times to-
day, then there was last summer. People
are becoming more informed as to the real
issues, I think, thanks to your untiring ef-
forts to maintain some semblance of rea-
son in this confused situation.
With my full endorsement of your posi-
tion (and that of eight registered voters in
Connecticut with whom I have talked to-
day) I send you my best wishes.
Sincerely,
From Illinois:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you. Thank
you for your forthright brave words refus-
ing to endorse the dangerous involvement of
this Nation in the military operation in
South Vietnam. Many of the American peo-
ple do not wish to see this Nation so in-
volved, but we have been fed the usual half-
truths with the inference being that if we
do not support this stupid intervention we
are not patriotic Americans.
May I encourage you to raise your voice
again and again. I am sure there are no
political advantages to be gained by being a
dissenter, but there is the satisfaction of
knowing that you have given your support
to what is right and good. Please take every
opportunity to lead us away from this dis-
aster toward which we are hurrying.
Respectfully,
at once either by the nations concerned in
the area or by the United Nations.
You Oregonians are also to be congratulated
for your choice of Senator MAURINE NEU-
BERGER. She, too, can be relied upon to speak
out on vital issues with independence, sound
reasoning, and concern for the health and
welfare of people no matter where they live.
Very sincerely yours,
From Wyoming:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator from Oregon,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: On this morning's TV news,
I saw and heard you make an excellent state-
ment regarding Vietnam, and I want to ex-
press my agreement with what you said.
In strong and vigorous terms you said it
was your belief that we might as well face
up to the fact that what we are trying to do
there cannot be done, and we should with-
draw from there before more American lives
are lost, and more U.S. dollars spent and
wasted. You pointed out that Great Britain
tried and failed; France tried and failed, and
we will fail. To this, I add hearty agreement.
If we are going to fight the Communists,
let's reserve our strength to do it in our
own hemisphere, and it looks like we will
have to do this in Cuba eventually.
And further, I want to take this oppor-
tunity to express myself on the matter of
foreign aid. The newest request from the
White House should be defeated. If we can't
cut out foreign aid entirely, then pare this
$3 billion down at least 50 percent, and do
that every year henceforward until it is gone
entirely. We can use that money better
right at home, in preparation against the
Communist push, or even in that election
year gimmick of the Democrats' war on
poverty.
Respectfully,
From New York:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
6383
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations on
your courageous and desperately needed
stand on our suicidal intervention in South
Vietnam. At last.
Let us not be marched like sheep to the
pasture (or like Jews to the concentration
camps) without dialog and debate.
Please continue your fight vigorously.
The American people do not wish to be in-
volved in a war which can continue to kill
hundreds (maybe thousands if the war is
enlarged) In behalf of corrupt, self-seeking
politicians with massive passive resistance
to the war by the South Vietnamese people
themselves.
I agree with your stand that we withdraw
and allow the Vietnamese themselves to de-
cide their fate.
Respectfully,
From Colorado:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I am writing to congratu-
late you on your position regarding U.S. pol-
icy in Vietnam.
It is time that this country got out of
Vietnam and stayed out.
Our support of the series of rotten govern-
ments in Vietnam on the claimed basis that
they really represent the people is sheer
hyprocisy.
The only immediate solution Is an' agree-
ment similar to that reached in the Laos
situation.
Yours sincerely,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: On behalf of quite a few
members in my community, I (we) wish to
commend you in your admirable stand
against the current Government policy of
support in Vietnam, a very unwise policy to
say the least.
Respectfully,
From Illinois:
Hon. WAYNE L. MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you from the
bottom of my heart for your courageous
statement against the continuation of the
war in South Vietnam.
Please spare a moment to read the en-
closed copy of my letter to the Eugene Reg-
ister-Guard.
No reply to me is necessary. Time is too
valuable and you are one who uses every
minute well.
Sincerely yours,
EDITOR, LETTERS COLUMN, REGISTER GUARD,
Eugene, Oreg.
SIR: I am so grateful for the wisdom,
courage and commonsense of the Honorable
Senator WAYNE MORSE, I cannot refrain
from trying to reach as many citizens of
Oregon as possible to say "Congratulations
and thank you for electing Senator MoRsE."
For almost 3 years his has been one of the
few voices speaking out against the point-
less, brutal and futile war in South Vietnam.
Only recently have many other Senators and
Congressmen joined him in the demand for
a reevaluation of our policy in south Asia.
Surely these voices of reason should be
heeded by the administration. Negotiations
por a peaceful settlement should be begun
(Carbon copies to Senator SIMPSON, of
Wyoming; Senator McGEE, of Wyoming; Rep-
resentative HARRISON, of Wyoming.)
From Florida:
Senator WAYNE MoRSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heartily endorse
your stand on U.S. policy in southeast Asia
and am in sharp disagreement with what
appears to be the official policy.
Yours truly,
From California:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I didn't hear you
but friends have spoken of the very excellent
speeches you have made on Vietnam. I agree
with your position and want to thank you.
Sincerely,
From Minnesota:
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you. Thank
you. I've just heard you an the "Today"
show. My sentiments are like yours on the
Vietnam situation. Such a waste of Ameri-
can money and men. Please continue to
speak up. I'm sure there are thousands of
us who feel this way. Let us hope and pray
that something positive is done about this
deplorable situation.
From South Carolina:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I listened to your
remarks about the participation of the
United States in the Asian mess. I want to
thank you for this forthright expression of
views. It is rare among our lawmakers.
I am 83 years old and almost blind. It is
refreshing to think we still have some old-
fashioned ideas of the place of this country
in the world.
Very sincerely,
From California:
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I saw in the Christian
Science Monitor of March 16 that you and
Senator GRUENING, Democrat, of Alaska, want
to stop the war with China over Vietnam.
I agree. Thank you for your stand.
Yours truly,
From Illinois:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senator from Oregon,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Two or three days ago I
chanced to hear you briefly on TV and note
your remarks regarding foreign aid.
I wish to congratulate you upon the posi-
tion you are taking concerning this great
folly. Truly, as you said, may we take a
long hard look before we pour more Ameri-
can funds abroad under the guise of helping
other nations only to see it wasted upon
foolish projects or go into the coffers of a
few.
I am a Republican. This foolishness is
not a partisan affair. I condemned the pre-
vious administration in this respect the same
as the one now in power. To say 80 percent
of our aid, so-called, will be spent in this
country, providing more jobs, is lacking in
truth and is dubious.
Thanks, Mr. Senator.
From Idaho:
U.S. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SENATOR: It gives me a great
pleasure to know the stand you have taken
for years on the question of Vietnam.
I have traveled in Idaho about 6,000 miles
in the last few months and I find very few
people who support the war in southeast
Asia. They all say we should get out of
there.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 30
Never has high politics gambled so Irre-
sponsibly before with the very existence of
mank;nd.
I think we are on a false track. Our main
question is not how we got on it, but how
can we get off, and make a fresh start.
I think we are getting in a trap, and we
will find it very hard to get out if we wage
war its North Vietnam. There Is China with
750 million people, and happy to put 100-150
million men to fight that war, any nothing
of Laos, Cambodia, Burma; yes even Soviet
Union. Also, we have to reckon with French.
too, she may not forget so easily why she
left southeast Asia.
I don't think we are there to teach how to
fight guerrilla war-but to learn It from the
people who been fighting It for the last 25
years.
I value very much the stand you are taking
in southeast Asia.
Very sincerely yours,
From Connecticut:
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DE%R SIR: I wish to congratulate you on
your intellegent stand concerning our terri-
ble foreign policy In South Vietnam.
I urge you tocontinue your efforts in this
regard and hope that you may influence your
fellow Senators and other members of the
U.S. Government.
Very sincerely,
From Florida:
DEAR SIR: I hope you stick to your guns
about reducing the amount of our foreign
aid. We have given millions away and still
we haven't kept them from going Commu-
nist. Even our allies go against us when It
comes to trade with Cuba and other Com-
munist countries. The American taxpayer Is
getting fed up with the whole program.
How much longer can Uncle Sam be Santa
Claus, especially when we are running our
country into debt all the time.
Yours truly,
[From U.S. News & World Report,
Mar.2, 19841
Is U.S. AID TO GREECE PAYING Ore?
A'.HENS.-In Greece, long considered a
firm friend of the United States, an old ques-
tion was being raised again:
Can the United States really count on, as
an ally, a country made strong and Inde-
pendent with U.S. foreign aid? happening in a good many other trouble left prior to the blast that a bombing was
This doubt grew as mobs of screaming spots in the world. If the American peo- either suspected or known to be following.
Greeks rioted before the U.S. Embassy and pie only knew what is happening, it Reference 18 February edition; Sahanouk
broke windows in an office of the U.S. In- would not take them long to insist that Threatens to Seek Alliance with North Viet-
formation Agency. there be a change In American foreign namese. You will note the picture of Cam-
S:nce World War II, Greece has received policy. bodian Chief of State Prince Norodom
$3,051 million In U.S. economic and military g return to the reading of the letter Sihanouk inspecting Russian Mig-17 jet
aid. Only France. Britain, Italy, West Ger- fighters. The article quotes: Prince Sihanouk
many and Turkey have been helped more. from this American sergeant: as saying "We will not help North Vietnam
And, with only 8.4 million people. Greece There Is an excellent English-speaking in its struggle against So'ith Vietnam and
has collected far more U.S. aid per capita newspaper published in Saigon. I feel that will not favor the Vietcong but in case
than any other country-some $360 per this paper publishes as close to an unabridged North Vietnam Is attackei, Cambodia will
person. sampling of the feelings of the Vietnamese war at her (North Vietnam's) side and vice
I 1 1947. President Truman asked Congress People and the curernt news of southeast versa." Another a alleged incident such as
for a new aid program for Greece. The bil- Asia as is obtainable. This newspaper will happened when a Cambodian village was
lions given under the Truman doctrine are express a pat on the back when it Is due, at bombed by the Vietnamese Air Force could
credited with saving the country from the same time expressing a firm reprimand touch off another incident such as Korea.
communism. when it Is deserving. This paper prints ar- On page 2 you will notice that some 12,000
On March 4, students in Athens, some of titles which attack as well as praise the pol- persons are being treated for starvation in
them shouting Communist slogans, daubed icies of _he United States, as well -as Vietnam hospitals overflowing with patients, and
a bronze statue of Mr. Truman with white- and many other countries. With your per- emergency camps set up by the Indonesian
wa.,.h. Then they scrawled across it, mission, periodically I will send you articles Government. At the same time you will note
"Yankee, go home." as well as editions of this paper along with on page 5 an article about the AFL-CIO
my feelings on the matters concerned. dockworkers boycotting ';he shipment of
In the rioting, two pictures of President Inclosed you will find clippings from the
Johnson were set afire. February 17 edition concerning the Pershing a sin to Russia. There seems to be a strange
Newspapers called sailors of the U.S. 6th Field blast and the Kinh-do-Capitol Theater contrast between a famine In Indonesia and
Fleet in the Mediterranean the floating bombing. The eyewitness report of the Per- the sale by the U.S. Government of wheat to
policemen of American imperialism. shing Field Blast clearly notes that the Viet- Russia. I had previously considered the In-
A scheduled B-day visit of the fleet to the namese people knew that the bombing was to donesians to be friendly to the United States.
Greek port of Piraeus was quickly postponed. take place. The article on the Kinh-do- I wonder if this action won't leave a bad
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In Salonica, 30,000 Greeks gathered to hear
speakers denounce the United States.
Behind all this was the Greek belief that
the United States was favoring Turkey in
the dispute between the two countries over
the island of Cyprus.
Most of the rioters were students. Many
of their signs and slogans were pro-Com-
munist. Greek police protected U.S. property
but-under orders-did nothing to disperse
the mobs.
Hon. WAY-,c B. Mossy.
U.S. Sent.:,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE. I am writing you
not to ask for anything for myself, on the
contrary, I am writing to pass some informa-
tion and views on to you so you can evaluate
and consider them for whatever they are
worth. Sitting here as I am on duty In South
Vietnam as I am, I sometime wonder if the
people in the States are getting a complete
and unabridged version of the news. From
past experience I know that news is some-
what toned down by the time it Is released
for public Information in the States. To one
extent I appreciate this fact as I would not
want my wife and children as well as my
family and friends to know the full truth
about the situation in this area. I be-
lieve it best that they be spared all of the
worry which would be aroused by full and
complete knowledge In detail of what Is
happening in this area. I do believe though
that our lawmakers should have this
knowledge made available to them. From
some of the news received here in the past
from the States It seems that they are either
somewhat in the dark about affairs in this
part of the world, or that they simply do not
care. I prefer to believe that the news is
not made available to them. I believe that
all available information should be evalu-
ated before any decisions on any matter
should be made.
I digress from reading the letter, Mr.
President, to say that this sergeant has
with a keen insight, been presenting an
evaluation of the practices of the Amer-
ican news media. His views are similar
to the ones I have been presenting on
this floor for a long time now. The
American people are living in the dark,
insofar as what is happening in South
Vietnam is concerned-and not only in-
sofar as what is happening In South
Capitol Theater bombing was truly a das-
tardly act, taking out vengea:ice on defense-
less women and children rs well as the
American troops (commonly referred to as
advisers).
I digress from reading the letter, to
state that my good friend, the Senator
from Arkansas [Mr. Fu-.BRIGHT], had
much to say, the other day, about myths.
I was sorry that his speech did not offer
a blueprint plan in connection with the
various points he discussed. As I said
in my immediate reply to his speech, it
was a good speech as far as it went, but
it really left us in a state of semantic con-
fusion, because the Senator from Arkan-
sas did not really offer constructive pro-
posals as substitutes for ;he policies he
was criticizing. However, it was well that
he pointed out that a good deal in our
thinking on foreign policy is charac-
terized by myths. For some years, here
in the Senate, I have pointed out that
the American people, by and large, have
become victimized by dogmas-which is
another term which describes the state
the Senator from Arkansas obviously had
in mind when he talked at out myths that
have come to prevail in re,3pect to a great
deal of American thinking on foreign
policy. "Dogmas" or "myths"-I care
not which term is used; but the fact is
that we should choose abetter program
as a substitute for the myths or the
dogmas.
One of the great myths, of course,
is that the American troops in South
Vietnam are "advisers." That is a lot
of hogwash. In fact, it is worse than
that, Mr. President; it is a lot of decep-
t~on. These American buys in American
military uniform, who are allegedly
"military advisers" in South Vietnam
are standing shoulder to shoulder in
place after place in mori;al danger with
South Vietnames soldiers; and they are
getting killed, too.
So the sergeant was quite correct when
he made the very subtle comment about
the so-called "advisers."
I read further from his letter:
The article on the Kinh-do-Capitol bomb-
Ing in the 18 February edition clearly shows
by the way that the Vietnamese policeman
 1964
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. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 6385
taste in the mouths of the peoples of other
southeast Asian countries. Also on page 5 I
note the Russians are borrowing a half bil-
lion dollars from Great Britain. Do you
think that in the complexity of international
economics that we may in the long run be
paying for the wheat which we sold to the
Russians?
The 76 or more American casualties in an
8-day period plus a compounding of the
aforementioned incidents, plus many other
questionable acts of late, cause grave con-
cern in the minds of many of us serving in
this area. I might well imagine this concern
is shared by many others in the United States
as well as abroad.
Had this been even 1 year ago, I would
have written the Honorable CLAIR ENGLE, of
California. I have always had the utmost
respect and admiration for him. I do not
know the status of Mr. ENGLE, as news is
rather limited from the States. Just before
I left the States in August he had just been
operated on for a brain tumor, and the press
releases at that time indicated that he would
never be able to fill his office again. I was in-
deed sorry to hear this.
I consider home to be Red Bluff, Calif.
Currently my wife and three children are liv-
ing in Maxwell, Calif. I have been in the
U.S. Air Force for about' 12 years and am
planning to continue my service, making
this my career.
I do not make a habit of writing Senators,
sir. In fact, I probably hate letter writing
more than most people, but I feel so strongly
about these matters that I felt it my duty to
write and express my opinion. I decided
upon you to write to, as I have requested as-
signment in the State of Oregon upon ter-
mination of my tour of duty here in South
Vietnam. I have requested duty at Kings-
ley Field at Klamath Falls, Oreg.
Sir, I appreciate your indulgence in these
matters and sincerely hope that you do not
take offense to these opinions and observa-
tions which I have stated. I personally feel
much better having written you, and, so to
speak, getting these matters off my chest.
Yours truly,
Mr. President, that letter is an inter-
esting sampling of mail dealing with the
South Vietnam problem. As I have said,
it is only a small portion of my mail.
From time to time, in the exercise of the
right to petition, I shall make known the
views of these free American citizens, at
least for history, by putting them into
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I could think
of no better use of the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD than to carry out the right of
free Americans to petition their Gov-
ernment. From time to time this week I
shall have a few other things to say on
the South Vietnam problem, because I
wish to make perfectly clear that the
senior Senator from Oregon does not in-
tend to let the McNamara war in South
Vietnam be conducted without strong
dissent in the Senate.
I have merely a sampling of the mail
from Oregon. There have been Senators
who have wondered what reception the
people in Oregon would take to the posi-
tion I have taken on foreign policy. I
will stand ready and willing to submit my
position on any major issue to a refer-
endum in my State. There is no doubt
in my mind what the overwhelming ma-
jority of the people in my State think of
this unfortunate McNamara war in
South Vietnam. So, for the benefit of
some. Senators who have expressed con-
cern about the matter, I have placed a
few of the Oregon letters in the RECORD.
The letters are typical.
I am satisfied that as more and more
of the ugly facts about the McNamara
war in South Vietnam become known to
the American people, they will make per-
fectly clear, as I said at the beginning of
my speech, that this administration had
better bring an end to the McNamara
war in South Vietnam by proceeding to
carry out our obligations under existing
treaties, including the SEATO treaty and
the United Nations Charter, and to rec-
ognize that there is no justification
whatsoever for unilateral U.S. action
in South Vietnam. If there is to
be any action in South Vietnam from
any source or forces outside of South
Vietnam itself, it ought to be by way of
joint action carried on under existing
rules of international law and procedure
as provided for in existing treaties, pacts,
and charters, such as the United Nations(
TRANSACTION OF ADDITIONAL
ROUTINE BUSINESS
By unanimous consent, the following
routine business was transacted:
ADDITIONAL BILL INTRODUCED
Mr. HART, by unanimous consent,
introduced a bill (S. 2703) to amend the
Merchant Marine Act, 1936, in order to
provide for the equitable treatment of
Great Lakes ports, which was read twice
by its title, and referred to the Commit-
tee on Labor and Public Welfare.
(See the remarks of Mr. Hart when he
introduced the above bill, which appear
under a separate heading.)
ADDITION OF GREAT LAKES PORTS
TO PROGRAM OF SUBSIDIES UN-
DER MERCHANT MARINE ACT OF
1936
Mr. HART. Mr. President, the Mer-
chant Marine Act of 1936 provides for
the program of operating and construc-
tion subsidies which permit American
Flag steamship operators and domestic
shipyards to compete with the low-cost
foreign flag competitors. This act has
been of significant value in helping to
build, and maintain our American mer-
chant marine.
The 1936 act spelled out the Atlantic
Gulf and Pacific coastal areas for par-
ticular consideration. That was 1936.
Today we find the physical facts some-
what changed. The Great Lakes are
open to ocean fleets of the world; it is
our fourth seacoast. With the opening
of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959, the
merchant fleets of the world have com-
plete access to our great midcontinent
area.
Last month I had the privilege of pre-
siding at field hearings in Michigan,
held by the Special Senate Subcommittee
on Seaway Problems, chaired by the
senior Senator from Ohio.
It became evident in testimony that
American merchant ships are not using
the seaway in sufficient numbers, and
there may be several reasons why that
is so.
The Merchant Marine Act-because it
predates the seaway-inadvertently dis-
criminates against American-flag ships
in the Great Lakes ports. Meanwhile,
foreign-flag lines are moving in and mo-
nopolizing the various trades.
This is a serious detriment to our for-
eign trade in general, and to the trade of
the Great Lakes ports in particular.
We are not talking about an isolated
area; this North American midcoritinent
area is the heartland of the entire North
American Hemisphere. It comprises
only 18 percent of the United States-
Canada area, but 30 percent of the popu-
lation, over 36 percent of the value
added by manufacturer and over 42 per-
cent of the income from all farm
products.
In manufacturing, this area produces
53 percent of the transportation equip-
ment, 51 percent of nonelectrical ma-
chinery, 45 percent of fabricated metal
products, and 44 percent of the rubber
and plastic products, and primary metal
industry products. In agriculture, this
area produces 85 percent of the flaxseed,
81 percent of the corn, 75 percent of the
oats, 74 percent of the soybeans, 73 per-
cent of the wheat and rye, 72 percent of
the hogs, and over 40 percent of the
poultry, milk cows, and sorghums.
This midcoltinent area is a region
unique in the history of man, unique in
continental development, because the in-
terior has surpassed the coastal periph-
c y. This heartland that the Seaway
opened to the world has surpassed the
east coast, the East, the Mid-Atlantic,
New England, Quebec and the Maritime
Provinces of Canada-totaled-not only
in agriculture and in population, but also
in industrial production and employ-
ment.
The valid objectives of the 1936 Mer-
chant Marine Act in assisting American
flag steamship operators and domestic
shipyards to compete with the low cost
foreign flag operators must not be lim-
ited to the three historical coastal areas.
Our new seacoast must be recognized.
We must include the Great Lakes not
only in our thinking about coastal
areas, but in our laws affecting coastal
areas.
Where the 1936 Merchant Marine Act
specifically mentions the Atlantic, gulf
and Pacific coasts for consideration of
these subsidies we must now include the
Great Lakes. It is the compelling claim
and principle of equality that I want rec-
ognized and applied. It is not the inten-
tion of the legislation which I am intro-
ducing to limit any privileges now
enjoyed at the historic seaboards, but
merely to extend these privileges to the
Great Lakes, a seaboard in fact and en-
titled to equal treatment.
At a time when the United States is
in the midst of a major export drive, and
when our national defense requires a
strong American merchant marine, ad-
vantage must be taken of all our re-
sources and economic facts of life should
be acknowledged. The export origin
studies of 1960 established that 34 per-
cent of all exports of U.S.-manufactured
goods originated in this seaway hinter-
land. If we are to place these goods in
foreign markets at a cost that will allow
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 30, 1964
American business to compete, we must
develop American-flag steamship com-
-panies orientated to the Great Lakes.
There must be developed a segment
of the American Merchant Marine that
is directed and dedicated to the develop-
ment of Great Lakes commerce. It Is to
pave the way for such development that
I today introduce legislation that will
amend the 1936 Merchant Marine Act so
that the Great Lakes will receive equal
consideration with the Atlantic, gulf,
and Pacific coasts.
We must not remain wedded to an-
cient history. We must take advantage
of the present so that we might progress
in the future. In essence, the United
States is now engaged in a make-or-
break struggle to maintain our Interna-
tional competitive position. We must
take every advantage of our industrial-
agricultural potential, and our most pro-
ductive ground is where the production
is.
Not to grant the Great Lakes area
equal consideration with our historical
seaboard areas would be a foolhardy re-
jection of the economic facts of life.
I ask unanimous consent that the bill
be printed at the conclusion of my re-
marks, and be appropriately referred. I
also ask unanimous consent that there
be printed in the RECORD at this point a
letter dated March 24, 1964, from Otto
C. Krohn, divisional manager of Wickes
Marine Terminal Co., of Bay City, Mich.
The letter gives sharp meaning to the
problems which I ask the Senate to re-
solve by prompt consideration of the
proposed legislation I now introduce.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed In the RECORD,
as follows:
WICKES MARINE TERMINAL CO.,
Bay City. Mich., March 24, 1964.
Senator PHIL HART,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR HART: On March 19 the
USDA Issued announcement Gr-407 supple-
ment No. 15 calling for bids for dry edible
peas and/or pinto beans.
You recently conducted bearings In Mich-
igan concerning problems of seaway ship-
ping. Here Is a case In point.
The USDA is requesting offers for 1,000
tons of beans f.a.s., vessel for Puerto Rico to
be shipped approximately the 8th of May.
Only American-.flag vessels are permitted
traffic between U.S. ports and Puerto Rico.
There are no American-flag vessels plying
this trade from the lakes, We are confident
that a foreign-flag vessel could be Induced
to carry this tonnage from the lakes to
Puerto Rico.
These beans will no doubt be shipped to
Puerto Rico rail from Michigan to Baltimore
then on American-flag vessels from Balti-
more to Puerto Rico. The excess rail freight
to Baltimore compared with Michigan ports
would probably exceed $11,000.
We thought this information would be of
Interest to you.
Very truly yours.
OTTO C. KROHN.
Divisional Manager.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be received and appropriately re-
ferred; and, without objection, the bill
will be printed in the RECORD.
The bill (S. 2703) to amend the Mer-
chant Marine Act. 1936, in order to pro-
vide for the equitable treatment of Great
Lakes ports, introduced by Mr. HART, was
received. read twice by its title, referred
to the Committee on Commerce, and
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, a5
follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That section
211(a) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1930
(48 U.S.C. 1121 (a)) Is amended by inserting
before the semicolon at the end thereof a
comma and the following: "and with the
further added consideration of the benefits
to the foreign commerce of the United States
of each domestic seacoast, Atlantic, gulf.
Pacific. and Great Lakes, being provided serv-
ices primarily Interested in and devoted to
the development and fostering of the com-
merce of that seacoast".
SEC. 2. The first sentence of section 809 of
the Merchant Marine Act. 1938 (46 U.S.C.
1213) is amended by striking out "and Pa-
ctfic" and Inserting In lieu thereof "Pacific,
and Great Lakes".
RECESS UNTIL 11 A.M. TOMORROW
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, if there
is no further business to come before the
Senate, I move, in accordance with the
order previously entered, that the Sen-
ate stand in recess until 11 a.m.
tomorrow.
The motion was agreed to; and (at 9
o'clock and 13 minutes p.m.) the Senate,
under the order previously entered, took
a recess until tomorrow, Tuesday, March
31, 1964, at 11 a.m.
NOMINATIONS
Executive nominations received by the
Senate March 30, 1964:
DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE
William McCormick Blair, Jr., of Illinois,
to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenr-
potentlary of the United States of America
to the Philippines.
Mrs. Katharine Elkus White, of New Jer-
sey, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of the United S':ates of Amer-
ica to Denmark.
Dorothy H. Jacobson, of Minnesota, to be
a members of the Board of Directors of the
Commodity Credit Corporation.
IN THE NAVY
Having designated, under the provisions of
title 10, United States Code, section 5231,
Rear Adm. Kieber S. Mastersc?n, U.S. Navy,
for commands and other duti?us determined
by the President to be within the contem-
plation of said section, I nominate him for
appointment to the grade of vice admiral
while so serving.
CONFIRMATIONS
Executive nominations confirmed by
the Senate March 30, 1964:
U.S. COAST GUARD
Carl W. Selin. to be a member of the per-
manent commissioned teaching staff of the
U.S. Coast Guard Academy as an instructor
with the grade of lieutenant o>mmander.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
Laurence Walrath, of Florida, to be an
Interstate Commerce CommiM:loner for the
term of 7 years expiring December 31, 1970.
Approved For Release 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130016-7