VIETNAM: COMPLEX AND DIFFICULT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130009-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 24, 2005
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: March 11, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

1964
Approved For Rase 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R9e'0200130009-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 4805
THE CONSEQUENCES
The important thing for investors to re-
member is that running into a regulatory
ceiling need not mean catastrophe. Any in-
telligent regulatory commission will prob-
ably allow a certain premium for good man-
agement. Thus it might view more sym-
pathetically a company that has out its rates
over the years than one that has raised them.
And it would likely look with more kind-
ness on a company with the lowest rates in
the State than on the one with the highest.
Further, if a company is ordered to hold
down or even reduce its 'total return on in-
vestment, this may not be reflected in the
trend of earnings per share. The industry
is generating some 62 percent of its capital
needs internally versus only 32 percent 5
years ago. Thus net per share can continue
growing on the basis of reinvested earnings.
For it is no longer necessary for utilities to
finance their expansion by issuing the new
common that so regularly diluted earnings
in years past.
THE COMMUNICATORS
By contrast with the electric utilities,
rate cutting by the big communications com-
panies-American Telephone & Telegraph
Co., General Telephone & Electronics Corp.,
and Western Union Telegraph Co.-has never
been particularly popular. But there were
regulatory problems of a different sort. The
FCC last year rejected A.T. & T.'s proposed
rate structure for its wide area data service,
but A.T. & T. had not given up hope that
the Commission would accept its wide area
telephone rate proposals. Main fly in the
ointment: opposition from A.T. & T.'s prime
competitor, Western Union.
A.T. & T. competition had already forced
Western Union to cut rates on its private
wire service-reductions that Western
Union's slender margins could ill withstand,
especially when Western Union desperately
sought more revenues. To get them, last
year it posted another increase on its public
message (i.e., regular telegram) business,
which will doubtless decline even faster as
a result. But Western Union needed the
added revenues to complete its $100 million
transcontinental microwave network, which
will help it compete more directly with
AT. & T. in several telecommunications areas.
Though sti 1 paying out most of its earn-
ings in dividynds, Western Union was penny-
pinching in some areas by cutting executive
salaries 10 percent and eliminating most of
its advertising. The effort seemed to be pay-
ing off at the 9-month mark, when WU re-
ported earnings nearly doubled on a 7-per-
cent rise in revenues. But some of the gain
stemmed from tax credits, while WU still
had some heavy payments to make to its
pension fund. And even with the comple-
tion of its microwave system, it was uncer-
tain whether WU could generate the reve-
nues to offset its higher costs, and whether
it has the financial muscle to stand up to
one of the world's largest and richest com-
panies.
BETTER MIX
If Western Union was no match for
A.T. & T., General Telephone & Electronics
was doing fine. In the last 5 years, GenTel's
telephone revenues and profits have grown
much faster than A.T. & T.'s, but its total
profits have not. Reason: GenTel's net from
manufacturing peaked out at $37 million in
1959 when Sylvania was bought, then de-
clined so fast (to $24 million in 2 years)
that rising telephone earnings could not
plug the gap.
Since then GenTel's Chairman Donald
Power has tidied up the Sylvania operation
by selling the camera division, strengthen-
ing the dealer network and upgrading the
semiconductor operation. Hence manufac-
turing profits last year were back to a more
satisfactory $33 million, and GenTel had the
biggest and best year in its history.
So, for that matter, did AT. & T., which
completed a $47 million addition to its over-
sea cable network, orbited a second Telstar
satellite, introduced a new touch tone tele-
phone, and out its night rates on long-
distance telephone service. But the real
measure of A.T. & T.'s management was that
no one was surprised at the record results.
Like the man who did the difficult at once
and took only a little longer for the im-
possible, A.T. & T. seems to have turned rec-
ordbreaking into a routine performance.
FBI DIRECTOR STAYS ON
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, Lyle
C. Wilson, the able syndicated columnist
and vice president of United Press Inter-
national, in a recent column takes note
of the fact that President Johnson in-
tends to waive the requirement that Fed-
eral Bureau of Investigation employees
must retire at age 70 in order that the
FBI's distinguished Director, Mr. J. Ed-
gar Hoover, be allowed to serve past
January 1, 1965.
President Johnson thus reflects the
great trust and confidence the American
public has in Mr. Hoover.
I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi-
dent, that Mr. Wilson's column, entitled,
"FBI Director Stays On," be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the column
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News,
Mar. 9, 1964]
FBI DIRECTOR STAYS ON
(By Lyle C. Wilson)
President Johnson has told White House
callers he hopes J. Edgar Hoover will con-
tinue as Director of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation. Mr. Johnson has said that he
wants Mr. Hoover to direct the FBI at least
as long as he remains in the White House.
That pleases Mr. Hoover who enjoys vigor-
ous good health. He has no desire to retire
so long as he can be of service to his country.
Sometime before January 1, 1965, therefore,
the President will sign an Executive order
waiving with respect to Mr. Hoover the re-
quirement that FBI employees retire at age
70. Next New Year's Day will be the Direc-
tor's 70th birthday.
Mr. Hoover's age and the Federal retire-
ment law had combined to arouse some spec-
ulation that the Director's distinguished
career would end with this year. There was
a bit of wishful thinking in the speculation,
no doubt, because left wingers of American
politics declared open season on Mr. Hoover
long ago.
American Communists constantly have
campaigned to retire Mr. Hoover. They had
ample cause for their anti-Hoover crusades.
Under his direction the FBI became an effec-
tive and genuinely feared opponent of Com-
munist subversion. But Mr. Hoover's ene-
mies were not limited to the American
Commies.
The non-Communist left wing of American
politics is a much more dangerous enemy of
Mr. Hoover and of the FBI than are the Com-
munists. The commies cannot do much be-
yond yapping their resentment each time the
FBI turns over a Red rock to examine the
insect life beneath.
The non-Communist lefties, however, often
have connections in high places, sometime
including the White House. They often hold
high political positions themselves. From
such power points in Washington the Hoover
hunt has been directed for years. Lefties in
and out of the Truman administration made
a big hidden play against Mr. Hoover.
They hoped to persuade Mr. Truman to
impose certain rules and regulations on the
FBI, the idea being that Mr. Hoover would
resign rather than preside over the destruc-
tion of the Bureau by Executive order. HST
was too smart for his lefty friends who sought
to enlist him in the anti-Hoover movement.
Mr. Hoover probably is the best known
American civil servant. Many persons
familiar with Government rate him the ablest
administrator in public office. No public
servant rates higher with Congress than does
Mr. Hoover.
His direction of the FBI has not been
openly challenged since the early New Deal
years when the Democrats were back in power
clamoring for jobs after many lean years.
Chairman Kenneth McKellar, Democrat, of
Tennessee, of the powerful Senate Appropria-
tions Committee demanded FBI jobs for de-
serving Tennessee Democrats. Mr. Hoover
balked, enraging Senator McKellar.
The Senator undertook to discipline the
Director, bawling threats in a series of Senate
speeches. Few men, including presidents,
could cross McKellar and get away with it.
Mr. Hoover could and did. The word that
Mr. Hoover will stay on the job will get no
cheers from the American lefties. All other
Americans are likely to applaud.
VIETNAM: COMPLEX AND DIICULT
Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, on
another subject-a subject in which the
Senator from Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER]
expressed great interest on the floor the
other day during the course of a discus-
sion on this subject-I desire to say
that last Saturday, March 7, it was my
pleasure to address a conference on Viet-
nam at Wingspread, Racine, Wis. This
meeting was sponsored by the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin in cooperation with the
Johnson Foundation. Present were dis-
tinguished scholars and public servants.
Dr. Wesley R. Fishel, professor of po-
litical science at Michigan State Univer-
sity and one of the country's few recog-
nized experts on South Vietnam, spoke
on the U.S. role in that country. Speak-
ing on strategic problems in southeast
Asia was Col. Donald S. Bussey, a man
with a scholastic record as extensive as
his combat record. Richard Dudman,
a St. Louis Post-Dispatch correspondent,
who last year was denied reentry into
Vietnam because of the Diem regime's
displeasure with his reports, gave an ob-
servation on the present scene. Partic-
ularly illuminating was a round table
discussion on alternate policies with
Congressman HENRY S. REUSS, from Wis-
consin, Benjamin V. Cohen, attorney and
diplomat? who served in many positions
under the Roosevelt and Truman ad-
ministrations, and Dr. Fishel.
In my own speech I tried to emphasize
the complexity of Vietnam.
There are no easy answers.
We cannot, we should not accept de-
feat.
The military situation must be im
proved before there can be hope for a
satisfactory negotiated settlement.
This does not mean we should close
our ears to talk of such a settlement. We
should not scorn the efforts of our allies
to find solutions other than military in
Southeast Asia.
Approved For Release 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130009-5
 Approved For Release 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130009-5 --?
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March YI
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that my speech be made a part of
the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD.
as follows:
VIETNAM
(Address of Senator E. L. "BOB" BARTLEiT
at Johnson Foundation Education Confer-
ence Center, Racine, Wis.)
I ehould start by explaining why I am
here. I am here because recently I gave a
speech on the Senate floor discussing Amer-
ica's role In South Vietnam. My speech,
and one given on the same day by Senator
MANSFIELD. have caused a good deal of heat-
ed controversy. This controversy has been
not a little aided by the fact that most of
those engaging in It have not had the time
nor the opportunity to read what actually
we said.
The policy that Senator MANSFIELD and
I advocated on that Wednesday 2 weeks ago
has been called a policy of passive surren-
der. It is neither passive nor surrender.
It is more an attempt to combine active hope
with cool realism.
I cannot, of course, speak for Senator
MANSFIELD. I would, however, like to take
this opportunity to clarify, if possible, my
purpose in speaking out. If I do succeed
in such clarification, it will be a remarkable
achievement, for the situation In Vietnam
Is anything but clear. Misinformation, con-
fusion, contradictions, and doubts abound.
It is, alas, sadly true that the only way to
he really clear on Vietnam is to speak In
such general terms as to render the points
made practically useless In application to
what is actually happening in Vietnam. The
alternate approach is equally unhappy, for
if I were to speak In detail, using only that
detail of which I am absolutely sure and
qualifying each point on which I am not
completely certain, my talk would be tedious.
hesitant, and largely irrelevant.
Let me start with a principle: for the
foreseeable future we must stay in South
Vietnam; we cannot pull out. As a nation
we are committed to assisting South Viet-
nam in the preservation of its integrity and
independence.
There is little doubt the recent succession
of coup upon coup has weakened the morale
of the army and that the military situation
has deteriorated. Secretary McNamara's
visit to Vietnam is testimony of this. The
number of guerrilla raids-incidents as they
are called-has increased markedly. The
Vietcong has begun daylight forays. The
number of desertions from the South Viet-
nam Army has Increased; and, as one cor-
respondent put it, only 3 percent of the
South Vietnam Army's attacks over the last
week actually made contact with the Com-
munists.
Some have suggested that to save the
situation we must take the war to North
Vietnam. I fail to see that our national
security Is endangered enough by happen-
ings In South Vietnam to warrant the risk
of a major war. For, count on it: selective
bombings of North Vietnam could be but
the beginning of a very grave and hazardous
game, a game which would give us little were
we to win and which would cost us dearly
were we to lose.
Perhaps there is an alternate policy, a
policy leading to settlement of the Vietnam
struggle. If there Is, our position in seek-
ing for it will not be improved by bombing
Hanoi or even Shanghai.
The war in South Vietnam. although In
many ways supported by the North Viet-
namese, and for all practical purposes di-
rected by the North Vietnamese, remains a
South Vietnam war. The guerrilla fighters
for the Vietcong are recruited from South
Vietnam. Most of the equipment used by
the Vietcong Is American. stolen in raids.
It is my understanding that what ammu-
nition is not stolen from us is purchased
across the border in Cambodia.
Recently Defense Department officials
have said that they have captured sophisti-
cated weapons of Chinese origin from Viet-
cong strongholds. However, the State De-
partment has Informed me that the prin-
cipal means of bringing equipment from the
north Into the south is by way of the so-
called Ho Chi Minh trail which is nothing
more than a series of jungle paths. Only
material which can be carried on the back
of a man can be carried on this trail. There
Is a limit, obviously, to what can be carried
In this way.
Even if we were to close the Ho Chi Minh
trail and to blockade North Vietnam, and
even If this did not cause further retaliation
In kind from North Vietnam and China,
what would we gain? The rebels are in
South Vietnam now; they would still be there
even then.
This guerrilla war In this little country is
surely, as Secretary Rusk said this week,
"mean, difficult, and frustrating." Guer-
rilla warfare is as different from conventional
warfare as is night from day. Mao Tse-tung
has said that the strength of his guerrilla
fighters during the overthrow of China was
that they were fish who could swim in the
sea of the people. When guerrillas are not
fighting, they fade into the landscape. They
live on the land and among the people.
A guerrilla-type Insurgent movement
which has the support of the people has
yet to be beaten. Such a movement which
has succeeded in terrorizing the people Into
silence is extremely difficult to beat.
If guerrilla outbreaks are to be defeated
by a central government, that government
must have the confidence of Its people. It
must be able to protect them when they as-
sist in tracking down the outlaws.
It Is precisely this point which makes
American participation In South Vietnam so
difficult. Americans are not South Viet-
namese. Americans cannot lose themselves
in the people. They cannot swim in the
sea of the people.
We can arm and train and equip the South
Vietnamese troops but we cannot fight for
them. The people of Vietnam fought the
French from 1940 through 1954 to achieve
their Independence.
We must at all costs avoid being cast In
the role of an imperialistic. colonist power.
If. through misadventure or folly, we should
allow the struggle in Vietnam to become one that we may. at some time in the future,
of Asian versus white Intruders, we have lost go to the conference table in crder to achieve
a good deal more than South Vietnam. something like a settlement in the Indo-
The war in South Vietnam Is a South Viet- Chinese Peninsula. We cannot go to the
namese war. It will be won only by the table until the military situation Is 1m-
South Vietnamese themselves. It will only proved. Guerrilla warfare Is always an up
be won when they have something worth and down affair, and right now, our side is
winning It for. in the down. We must Improve our military
Our best hope appears, I believe, to bold position. We must avoid, however, that
and strengthen the military situation as best attitude of mind which maintains that al-
we can while at the same time to press hard though we are strong today, let us not open
for improvements in the central govern- negotiations today, let us wait until to-
ment. Unless the soldier and the peasant morrow when we may be strc.nger.
believe there is real hope for economic and For we will never be able to obtain a
social reform, we cannot win. If there is fortress South Vietnam armed and secure,
such hope, we shall not lose. resolutely anti-Communist, resolutely demo-
Let me list four examples of reforms which cratic. History, geography, ar.d demography
If instituted would have powerful effect: are against this happening. Southeast Asia,
1. The "sweep through" strategy so popu- especially the Indochina Peninsula, is nei-
lar with the Vietnam Army must be changed. ther neat, tidy nor strong. Not one of these
This policy has meant that a single valley countries.of the southeast will ever alone be
or hamlet has repeatedly changed hands; In a position to defend itself completely
first It is under Vietcong control, then cell- against the forays of its huge and powerful
tral government, then Vietcong again. This neighbor, China. We cannot. as Secretary
has led to the repeated burning of villages Dulles would have had us, assert that we in-
In order to smoke out a few Vietcong. This tend to use massive retaliation whenever and
causes great destruction and casualties wherever a Vietnamese or Laotian border is
among the peasants for nothing because as transgressed by a guerrilla or an Insurgent
soon as the army sweeps by, the Vietcong band; for this is neither creditable nor neces-
moves back in. sary. The pressures and the turmoil in the
What Is needed Is the far more arduous, subcontinent are ages old and they will
far less flashy "clear and hold" policy de- cause trouble long after we have gone.
Approved For Release 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130009-5
veloped and used successfully by the Brit-
ish In Malaya, although the British had an
easier task because they we:-e the legal gov-
ernment. After an area Is cleared, it must
be held. This Is hard dirty work but it must
be done and we must insist the Vietnamese
Army do it.
Battles are demoralizing. Repeated bat-
tles over the same land lead not only to de-
moralization but to passiveness among the
people. And this Is what Is happening now
to the Vietnam peasants. Too many no long-
er care who wins: they just want the fight-
ing to go somewhere else.
2. There must be a really visible and
serious effort to end the corruption and steal-
ing with which the central government has
preyed upon the people. Soldiers should be
paid; a peasant should have the benefit of
his crops. Of course corruption is hard to
stamp out. This does not mean, however,
that a try should not be mrde. While it Is
important that corruption be eliminated, it
is even more Important now, at this stage,
that the people see that someone is trying to
eliminate it.
3. A really serious effort must be made
to insure the continuing operation of local
government functions.
A government, If it is to maintain the
respect of Its people, must provide schools.
hospitals, and the safety of the streets. In
guerrilla warfare, far more than in conven-
tional warfare, it is vital tha': the basic gov-
ernmental functions which touch each and
every person must be sustai zed as strongly
and as long as possible. This has not al-
ways everywhere been done in South Viet-
nam.
4. Lastly, real, and again visible, efforts
must be made to find employment for the
more than 40 percent of South Vietnamese
men who are currently out of work; to es-
tablish a real land reform program in this
agricultural country where 2 percent of
the landowners hold close to one-half of the
land, and most of them are absentee land-
lords.
All of this and the many more reforms
that are needed as well, constitute a most
difficult program to carry out at a time
when the country Is wracked by civil war.
It must be done, for unless the Vietnamese
people have something worth fighting for,
they won't continue to fight, and they are
the only ones who can win this war.
In talking about winning r,nd victory, we
must be quite clear about what sort of vic-
tory we can expect. I foresee the probability
 F6 Approved For Release 2005/02/10: CIA-RDP66 8600200130009-5
E CO GRESSIONAL RECORD - S
1
480'7
.
What we can work for in southeast Asia is lion, almost 21/2 times the entire Coast cents an hour for health and welfare and 10
cents an hour for pensions.
responsible- peace, responsible freedom, and Guard budget for the year. The ironworkers get $4.46 an hour plus 10
responsible stability, not total security. In 1963 the Coast Guard saved 1,900 cents an hour for the health and welfare
We can expect to keep the guerrilla men- lives, a remarkable record. fund,
ace under substantial degree of control, we The bravery, the courage, the hard
should not expect to eliminate it everywhere. I have calculated that, on this basis,
There have been dissidents in the jungles work of the 'Coast Guard was clearly the daily pay now runs to about $39 a
of southeast Asia since 1041, in Malaya, ma- demonstrated recently, Mr. President, day.
laysia, Burma, Laos, and the Vietnams. By when the weather ship, Coos Bay, went The reason why I rise to discuss this
no means are they all Communist or all to the rescue of the crew of the British
united. They are rebels against society and freighter, the Ambassador, which sank subject is that I have been hearing on
they must be kept at manageable size if so- in seas running 40 to 50 feet high, 1,000 the floor of the Senate arguments that,
ciety is to operate in these nations. miles east of New York, in order to keep our people employed, the
We must remember that when we went In spite of the high waves, the crew U.S. Government must spend money by
into the South Vietnamese conflict, our ob- way of public works, financing of hous-
jetives were limited. They should remain of the Coos Bay was able to extend a line ing construction, and otherwise.
boriously to pull hacross, i one by one, the That argument is very appealing, but
elevate atthe still; s; ob wbjectives shoves and ndst with any mthem me the to
war. . Our r objectives wbjectives would be satisfied by a Ambassador crew members. I put this question: What are the labor
free Vietnam uncommitted to the West, bal- All of the crew was rescued, with the leaders trying to do with respect to help-
m as of by a Communist North Vietnam un- exception of 14, who took to rafts which ing people find jobs? How is the little
IIndochin Pena to ensinsu sulalain , in part which h the deg eat were swamped and lost, and the captain, man earning a wage far below the ap-ese powers wers and and the Indochinese powers s under- der- the last to leave the ship, who gave his self in atposition to buy goinghou, to
gethavhim
take to maintain the integrity of the borders life for his ship. one boat? Wont are they ouse o ate
of each of the Indochinese countries. We Skipper of the Coos Bay is Comdr. one built? to hark?
should not reject out of hand any moves to- Claud Bailey. He and his crew deserve Americans It is ironic that, in view of what the
ward a diplomatic solution such as this. our praise and our thanks. Particular
It is for these reasons, and for many congratulations should go to BM3c. Da- Government is trying to do by way of
others, that I spoke out on the Senate floor
that Wednesday yid Bichrest. He has been recommended helping individuals buy homes and help-
France, ago. recalling France's for the Coast Guard's Life Saving Medal, ing people find jobs, we see practically
The President y nt o o2 f weeks
for wage increases that
80 years of experience, knowledge, and in- and rightfully so. anwould nuual soon demands houses beyond the reach
terest in Indochina, had announced his in- As the rescue operations were under- u worker be bnd
If this ordinary
tention to seek "a possible neutrality agree- way, observers on the Coos Bay noticed the
group should obtain the in-
I relating to the southeast Asian states." a rubber liferaft with two men on it,
under. Six men, led by crease requested, it would mean that the
I pointed out to the Senate that France has capsize and lifer
felt strongly, here which feel we do strongly, not that. I Ens Erwin Chase, volunteered to go carpenters, the electricians, the plumb-
should I still Peal allies' efforts that s
monc eased
demands forti
they were likewise get their and
uld not spurn our allies' in this seas. Tthe hey seas. rescued both. As mercy
matter.
I said, that Wednesday 2 weeks ago, in helping one of the two onto the deck of wages.
oted for the housing programs on
view of the long and incredibly costly strug- the Coos Bay, they failed to notice that
gle in Vietnam, "It would seem evident, Mr. the other had become entangled in a a number of occasions. Now we are con-
President, that any possibility of obtaining cargo net at water's edge and that he was fronted, as we are practically every
a diplomatic solution should not be scorned; drowning. Young Bichrest, ignoring the year, with demands for increased wages
it i just this possibility which France now and less hours for the same pay when
Intends to explore." I said tcen, I say now, direct orders of the skipper, dived over-
h these construction workers are earning
let us be rational, let us be flexible. We board without a lifeline and, using his day.
can no longer afford In men, in money, or in 1 own knife, cut the British sailor free. $40 a we going to persuade people
colleges, people
to sow are e going professors persuade
wisdom, to do otherwise. , ?1 Young Bichrest disobeyed an order and How are
saved a life. teachers in schools, or engineers, or
COAST GUARD RESCUES CREW OF Usually we say that ends do not justify the means. But this is, perhaps, an ex- nurses, when the most lucrative field of
SINKING SHIP ception to the rule. endeavor seems to lie in fields requir-
Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, the Senators will wish to congratulate ing less vigorous and lengthy training
Coast Guard was founded 173 years ago. Boatswain Bichrest, Commander Bailey and preparation?
It is the smallest of our Armed Forces. and the officers and men of the Coos Bay, I shall await with interest the argu-
ts
it numbers but 32,000 men. They performed in the highest tradi- meentsll ca that t will l b be e made tade he when Senate. the hous-
In this year, when military appropri- tions of the Coast Guard, and there is Can ed S
Ing s inordinate drain upon their
Guard's appropriation is but $350 mil.- finances? Can they suffer the vision of
lion.
The Coast Guard is small but it is PROPOSED INCREASE IN HOURLY government opment of an trying to industry to help in provide the devel-
homes
important, important in many ways. to WAGE AND REDUCTION OF WORK- for its citizens while those who profit
provides navigational assistance to ING DAY SOUGHT BY CERTAIN most want more and more out of every
ships of the world through its ions in n UNIONS dollar the government puts into it?
and stattions Pacific Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, I read I realize that what I am talking about
both long ra the North aid toorth navigation Atlantic -stations-
n will mean bitter recriminations against
Oceans, in the Sea of Japan and the Phil- from an article which appeared in the but I Mute be a coward if I did not
ippine Sea. Cleveland press, issue of Monday, March me, would
It performs important research work 9, under the title "Two Building Unions speak up.
in oceanography. Ask 7-Hour Day and Raise of 40 Cents Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
The maintenance of coastal security is an Hour." sent that the article from the Cleveland
its responsibility and its constant su'r- The article reads in part: Press of March 9, 1964, to which I have
veillance patrols are an important part A 40-cent hourly increase and 7-hour day referred, may be printed in the RECORD.
of our Nation's defenses. are being sought by two major building trade There being no objection, the article
The most well known of the Coast unions in this year's contract negotiations. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD.,
Guard's duties is that of search and res- The wage hike and 1-hour reduction in. as follows:
cue. In the century and three-quarters the work day are being sought by Structural. Two BUILDING UNIONS ASK 7-HOUR DAY AND
life of the Coast Guard, many thousands Ironworkers Local 17 and Bricklayers Local RAISE OF 40 CENTS AN HOUR
of persons have been rescued, many 5- (By Antony Mazzolini)
thousands of tons of cargo have been I quote further: A 40-cent hourly increase and 7-hour day
saved. Last year alone, the Coast Guard The bricklayers obtained 42 cents in 1961 are being sought by two major building
answered 37,330 calls for assistance in- in their 3-year contract. Their hourly rate trade unions in this year's contract negotia-
volving a total property value of $1 bil- now is $4.301/2 plus employer payments of 20 tions.
Approved For Release 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130009-5
 Approved For Release 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130009-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Ma 1'ch 1
The wage hike and one-hour reduction In
the work day are being sought by Structural
Ironworkers Local 17 and Bricklayers Local 5.
Other crafts are expected to make pro-
posals similar to those of the Ironworkers
and bricklayers in negotiations covering near-
ly 40,000 construction workers In this area.
The contracts of all the building trades
unions, except that of Electrical Workers
Local 38. expire at midnight April 30.
Most of the 19 building trades unions are
expected to be guided by negotiations be-
tween a policy committee of the AFL-CIO
Building Trades Council and a committee
representing the Building Trades Employers
Association and the Cleveland chapter of the
Associated General Contractors of America.
The BTC policy committee and employers'
committee are expected to begin negotiations
in late March. said Thomas McDonald. BTC
business manager.
the 3-year contract that expires this year
provided wage increases of 15 cents annually
for all the unions, except the bricklayers who
negotiate their own contract outside of BTC
negotiations.
The bricklayers obtained 42 cents In 1961
in their 3-year contract. Their hourly rate
now Is $4.30 V, plus employer payments of 20
cents an hour for health and welfare and
10 cents an hour for pensions.
The Ironworkers get $4.46 an hour plus
10 cents an hour for the health and welfare
fund.
The electrical workers will get 12 cents an
hour May 1 to pay for holidays under it 3-
year contract that expires in 1965.
THE AUTOMATION PROBLEM
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President. it is en-
couraging that the President has decided
to make a study of the impact of auto-
mation.
While I am sure the study he proposes
willbe worthwhile, I would be happier if
he were following the approach I have
proposed in my bill, S. 185, which pro-
vides for a White House conference on
the impact of automation.
Besides combing the country for in-
formation and recommendations on au-
tomation, the White House conference
method assures widespread kindling of
interest in the problem itself. Since au-
tomation is a recent and generally mis-
understood problem, the public needs to
know more about it, and this is accom-
plished in the White House conference
process which builds up from community
to area to State levels. The data and
recommendations finally considered in
Washington are the end result of thou-
sands of meetings In every section of the
country. In this way the Nation speaks
to Washington.
If the White House conference plan
is well carried out, it is the best way I
can think of for arriving at a national
consensus on a problem of vital interest
to us all. The problem is serious enough,
and immediate enough, to require such
a thorough study and then concerted
action.
The Christian Science Monitor for
March 11, 1964, carries a penetrating edi-
torial entitled "The Priority Is People"
which underlines importance of dealing
with the automation problem and I ask
unanimous consent that this editorial be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the edito-
rial was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
THE PRIORYIY IS PEOPLE
President Johnson's message on manpower
defined the problem. suggested what should
be done, and announced "two new major
administration actions" that have been
taken. One of the latter is the establish-
ment of it Committee on Manpower to study
the broad Issues. Such study Is obviously
necessary. But no less urgent Is the other
more specific. and perhaps therefore more
promising, administration action: a study of
the Impact of automation.
The whole message should serve as a warn-
ing. a spur to wise legislative action. and an
encouragement to public discussion. But
when the President says that his programs
will succeed "only when we become deter-
mined that nothing is to take priority over
people," the question of automation comes
to mind with special force. Probably civil
rights is the only Issue that might outrank
the automation employment equation as
"the major domestic challenge, really, of the
sixties," to use the Kennedy phrase. Even
in civil rights the particular effect of auto-
mation on the employment of unskilled non-
white workers heightens the problem.
Last year In the United States Secretary
of Labor Wirtz said that "automation is ab-
solutely essential to the preservation of the
productive advantage which this country
has always had." The solution then Is not
to stop the march of the machine, as attrac-
tive as this may sometimes seen.,. but to use
It to the best human advantage.
Because of the speed of this march, plan-
ning-by labor, management. and govern-
ment-is more essential than In previous ages
of technological advance. Automation is not
lust a better mousetrap: it make., the mouse-
trap obsolete.
It also makes some workers obsolete. Not
only the factory workers, 'who are estimated
to be lasing 200,000 jobs a year to automa-
tion, but the white-collar workers-even
junior executives-who are confronted by
computerization of their jobs.
At one extreme Is the point of view that it
Is not automation that causes unemploy-
ment, but the minimum wage law which
prevents the hiring of workers not consid-
ered worth the minimum wage. Another
view Is that of Henry Ford II, who said
earlier this year that any loss of jobs was
due not to too much technological progress
"but ton little."
Things have changed since the first Henry
Ford brought more pay and more jobs to
workers through a degree of mechanization.
There was then a huge untapped market
ready for the Increased production.
The new situation requires new thinking
The International Labor Organization Is
planning a conference representing 12 coun-
tries this month. There have been others.
Before the Senate Is a proposal for a legis-
lative "Hoover-type" commission on auto-
mation.
Meanwhile the administration study would
seem to be the least that can be done. Labor
has called for such study while expressing
doubts about mere study.
Certainly the study must lead to action.
It could decide, for example. that the pres-
ent Manpower Development and Training
Act, helpful as it Is. should be made less
cumbersome In operation and perhaps avail-
able to many more workers. There is the
question not only of displaced workers but
the "silent firings" of workers never hired
for jobs no longer necessary. There Is the
question of Identifying which industries will
be hit with automation next. so plans for
change can be made.
" We can no longer value a man by the
jobs he does: We've got to value him as a
man," says Norbert Wiener from his long
experience with cybernetics.
This does not mean a return to 19th cen-
tury "Taylorism," with Its intricate plans
for paying a man not according to the posi-
tion be held but to the skill and devotion
with which he filled it. But as jobs change
overnight, the individual ability to adapt
will probably be at a premium.
When the statistics are reeled off--- the
comparisons between it dwindling increase
in jobs and a growing increase in labor
force, for example-it becomes terribly clear
that many people could get lost in the shuffle.
We hope the problem will be seriously con-
sidered at the forthcoming United Nations
Conference on world trade. We are glad
the U.S. administration i; taking steps row.
MANNED AIR AND AEROSPACIE
CRAFT AND NATIONAL SECURITY
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, with
the trained Air Force flying officer rapid-
ly being replaced by system of com-
puters and missiles, I -;pink it behooves
us to reflect briefly upon the wisdom of
the metamorphosis and also the efficacy
of it. An article by retired Army Col. D.
P. Yeuell in the National Security Coun-
cil's Washington Report, issue of Febru-
ary 24, questions very seriously the de-
pendability of our Nat_on's missile sys-
tem and the defense philosophy which
places total reliance on missiles as a
strategic panacea.
The Yeuell article is an excellent corol-
lary to a Washington Report on the same
subject authored last May 6 by Dr. James
D. Atkinson associate professor at
Georgetown University.
The article written by Colonel Yeuell,
who since 1960 has been in advanced pro-
gram planning in the aerospace industry
and a consultant on military technologi-
cal problems, was the subject of an edi-
torial February 28 by James Flinchum,
editor of the Cheyenne, Wyo., State
Tribune.
Editor Flinchum notes, "The debate
over missile reliability has been raging
for several years," c ven while the
United States has made great strides in
weaponry.
Colonel Yeuell cautions, however:
The blunt fact is that no operational mis-
sile or any prototype thereof has ever been
married to a nuclear warhead for the com-
plete test firing cycle from launch to tar-
Re t.
Editor Flinchum continues by under-
scoring this statement:
Because of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
we cannot now or in the future completely
test the ability of our present missile sys-
tem to fire, deliver, and explode a nuclear
weapon on target. We can only guess and
hope they will do so. This is one of the
severely limiting factors of the Nuclear Test
Ban Treaty.
The frightening thou;ht is that the
Soviets have actually tested missiles with
nuclear warheads from launch to target
and we have not.
Mr. President, on March 6 I placed in
the RECORD several lines of testimony
given by Secretary of Defense McNa-
mara during hearings of the Armed
Services Committee, February 20, 1963.
In that testimony, Seere,ary McNamara
stated:
I do not believe any of them (our missiles)
are proven In the sense you (Senator
STENAn9 r are using the word. For statistical
reasons based on the law cf probability, we
must carry out -a specific number of launch-
Approved For Release 2005/02/10 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000200130009-5