CUBA AND THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250017-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 9, 2004
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: April 2, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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5228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
dent Eisenhower for his stanch support
of the United States and for his leader-
ship in the hemispheric fight against
communism is disregarded. The de-
mand of the hour is to please Betancourt.
And the price which Betancourt has de-
manded is the life of Perez Jimenez.
The long legal case for Perez Jimenez's
extradition, which was initiated immedi-
ately after Betancourt came to power, is
now entering its last lap. The former
President's lawyers have filed - papers
with the U.S. Supreme Court, for the
final legal recourse, an appeal to the
Supreme Court. Within 30 days, the
answer will come. If it is adverse, Perez
Jimenez will be turned over to the State
Department for deportation, Only Pres-
ident Kennedy's intervention can save
him. And President Kennedy is the
man who told Betancourt on February 19
that "You are the kind of President
whom the United States wants to have
in Latin America."
What is behind this case? Certainly
there is more than meets the eye in this
vengeful determination bf those high
in this administration to destroy Perez
Jimenez. It has been brought out that
Betancourt's lawyer in thi9 country, who
has been permitted to conduct the legal
extradition proceedings against Perez
Jimenez, is the firm of Covington and
Burling of which Dean Acheson is the
senior partner. But there are other in-
fluences.
First of all, let us be honest with our-
selves. Perez Jimenez is not 'in danger
of extradition because he has embezzled
money, the technical charge. Anyone
with the slightest acquaintance with
Latin America knows that the corrup-
tion-in-office charge against his prede-
cessor is routine procedure by every suc-
cessful revolutionary newcomer to dis-
credit his opponents. Perez Jimenez
used this leverage against Betancourt
himself, and with some justification,
when. he deposed him .in the coup of
1948. We may disregard this charge as
only a convenient pretext. If it had not
been embezzlement, it would' have been
something else.
I have in my possession a copy of an
affidavit by Miguel Silvio Sanz Anez,
now a prisoner-if he is still alive-in
the . Venezuelan political prison, San
Juan de los, Morros. It was smuggled
out of the prison and witnessed by his
lawyer, Dr. Benjamin Nunez Escobar.
It is dated February 8, 1963.
Mr. Sanz Anez was a section chief of
the Ministry of Interior under Perez
Jimenez. Imprisoned in 1958, he is still
waiting for trial. In his affidavit he
makes the following illuminating state-
ment:
The same judge of arraignment who had
issued the warrant of arrest to obtain my
deliverance from the Embassy of Colombia,
had me transferred at midnight one day to
the Department of Indicted Military Per-
sonnel and told me that the Government
had authorized him to make the following
proposal: if I signed a statement accusing
ex-President General Perez Jimenez of or-
dering the death of several political leaders
of the opposition, I would be given a sub-
stantial sum of money and would be re-
leased and taken to the neighboring island
of Curacao, Dutch territory, acquitted of all
accusations. Upon my negative answer, I
was ordered to be secluded in a place of
disciplinary punishment called the "tank."
Since Mr. Sanz Anez risked his life,
and that of his lawyer, to make this
statement, it is certainly reasoriable to
believe that he told the truth. The affi-
davit throws a flood of light upon the
way in which the Betancourt govern-
ment has whipped up its extradition
case against Perez Jimenez. When it
was unable to get a witness who would
perjure himself by charging murder,.the
government settled for the milder charge
of embezzlement. The important thing
was to get Perez Jimenez back to Vene-
zuela to one of the notorious Betancourt
political prisons.
Of the possibility of a fair trial for
Perez Jimenez, once the United States
turns him over to Betancourt, Mr. Sanz
Anez makes a significant comment. He
is to be believed because he has spent 5
years in Betancourt's political prisons
and knows the score.
If this is the treatment and nature of pro-
ceedings accorded me and those mentioned,
what treatment would be accorded to Gen.
Marcos Perez Jimenez and what would
be the nature of the proceedings against
him should his extradition be granted and
he be delivered to Venezuelan authorities?
It is evident that there would be no guar-
antee for his defense, that the proceedings
would be surrounded by all kinds of irregu-
larities and violations of the law that would
permit its delay and indefinite paralyzation,
that there would not be an impartial and
just trial and that his life would be in
jeopardy and the danger of death would
hover about his head. And if his murder
is consummated, it will be disguised in such
a form as to permit Venezuelan authorities
to excuse themselves and show the U.S. Gov-
ernment that it was all an accident.
If this warning that Perez Jiminez
would not receive a fair trial if returned
to Venezuela seems unconvincing, the
surmise has had grim confirmation in
the last 2 months. To test the fairness
of Betancourt's Venezuela courts,. the
lawyers for Perez Jiminez, on February
13, 1963, filed an action with the Su-
preme Court of Venezuela to annul the
embezzlement charge on the ground that
the proceedings had not conformed to
Venezuelan law.
What was the answer?
Instead of handing down a ruling in
the annulment plea which had been en-
tered, the court declared that, inasmuch
as Perez Jiminez had not been arrested
in Venezuela, he had no right to file or
participate in any legal proceedings in
Venezuela.
This was a barefaced and naked viola-
tion of Venezuela law.
It happens that in 1928 Venezuela was
one of the nations which signed the
"code of bustamente" on extradition at
the Sixth Congress of American States
at Havana. This . code specifically
states-article 369-that:
The person detained may also thereafter
use the legal remedies which are considered
proper in the state which requests the extra-
dition against the qualifications and reso-
lutions upon which the latter is founded.
In other words, the code which Vene-
zuela has signed specifically covers the
situation in which Perez Jiminez now
April 2
finds himself, and gives him the right to
sue in the courts of Venezuela.
In refusing to accept the suit, Betan-
court's supreme court plainly shows that
it proposes to conduct the trial of Perez
Jiminez, if he is extradited, without re-
gard to the law of Venezuela. If he goes
back, he" returns to be tried in a kangaroo
court. His fate is certain.
Can the United States afford to be a
party to any such proceedings? Have
we sunk so low that we have accepted
the role of hangman for Romulo Betan-
court? I cannot believe that, upon
sober second thought, President Ken-
nedy wants to have such a blot upon his
administration.
The United States has gone far in its
abject pursuit of the good will of Betan-
court's leftist government in Venezuela.
Many Americans believe that we have
made a major mistake in placing all our
Latin American eggs in the Betancourt
basket. Many informed people believe
that Betancourt, with the help of such
leftist and crypto-Communist allies as
Haya de la Torre, Arevalo, Bosch, and
Paz Estenssoro is erecting a third force
of untrustworthy leftist nations in this
hemisphere which will someday be even
more dangerous to America's future than
is Fidel Castro himself.
Let there be no illusions. Gen. Perez
Jimenez, if, he is extradited, will have
been liquidated because Betancourt re-
gards him as the only Venezuelan of
sufficient prestige to rally the conserva-
tives of Venezuela into a dangerous op-
position to his permanent rule in that
unhappy nation.
His extradition case is a specious po-
litical plot. The United States must not
play the jackal role for Betancourt in
thespro7edings.
CUR' AN'D THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE
(Mr. MORSE (at the request of Mr.
HALL) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD.)
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, in our pre-
occupation with the problems of Cuba
and the Atlantic alliance, we must never
let our attention drift too far from the
brave peoples of Lithuania, Estonia, and
Latvia. These gallant souls have been
-subjected to Communist domination
without free elections, without any of
the legal processes of a democratic sys-
tem. Overwhelmingly anti-Communist,
these nations deserve a chance to choose
their own form of government. There-
fore, Mr. Speaker, I am again intro-
ducing a concurrent resolution asking
the President to raise the question of the
Baltic States before the United Nations
and ask that body to request the Soviet
Union to 'withdraw their troops and
agents from the three nations, to return
the Baltic, exiles from Soviet exile and
slave-labor camps. The United Nations
should then conduct free elections in
these three nations.
MINUTEMAN NATIONAL HISTOR-
ICAL PARK
(Mr. MORSE (at the request of Mr.
HALL) was given permission to extend
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
Ian committee, which has a top-flight re-
putation for Integrity.
The Nation has every confidence In Sen-
ator MCCLELLAN. He should probe this con-
tract-perhaps others by the Pentagon-
with- exhaustive vigor. Complete scrutiny
is impressively due.
Rumors, now open charges of political ma-
nipulation In defense contracts, have been
rife for so long, only the naive in Washing-
ton think there is no truth in the reports.
Campaigning Kennedys, as well as other
politicians of both parties, have Implied or
actually promised their election would reap
more defense industry for particular areas.
John F. Kennedy made precisely such pledges
in stumping West Virginia. After he be-
came President, new contracts went to West
Virginia.
When Gov. Pat Brown was beating the
hustings In California against Richard M.
Nixon he boldly asked, "How could the State
expect a GOP Governor to get as many con-
tracts and projects for California as a Demo-
cratic Intimate of the Kennedy administra-
tion?"
Senator CASE of New Jersey recently asked
from the Senate floor, "Is national Interest
the sole criterion In awarding Government
contracts?"
Washington rumor is that certain Con-
gressmen are seeking to trade votes for
major administration legislation-in return
for defense or other jobs in their bailiwicks.
Secretary McNamara will testify before the
Senate committee later. Perhaps he can
justify the highly controversial TFX con-
tract. He certainly will have full oppor-
tunity. His explanation should be bared to
the Nation.
No one wants arbitrarily or in partisan
spleen to sap "the Integrity" of Mr. Mc-
Namara and discredit the administration.
But it has become too pat a gambit of the
New Frontier whenever criticism or policy
dispute arises, to wrap itself in a mantle of
righteousness and howl persecution.
The country has a perfect right to know
whether the administration Is playing polit-
ical touch football with multi-billion-dollar
defense funds.
WOOL IMPORT THREAT
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. HALL) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, the
entire New England delegation was sad-
dened by an announcement that the
Marland Plant of the J. P. Stevens Co.
in Andover, Mass., was closing down op-
erations. Over 453 persons will lose their
jobs. The New England delegation to
Congress has repeatedly asked President
Kennedy to take action to help New Eng-
land's wool business.
We have sent him telegrams.
We have written letters.
We have made telephone calls.
On February 20, I wrote President
Kennedy asking him to take immediate
action to save our wool business.
HE HAS DONE NOTHING
I urged him to immediately impose
quantitative restrictions on the importa-
tion of woolen goods to the country. He
has done nothing.
President Kennedy's replies have be-
come increasingly vague. As things
stand now, no one in Washington knows
whether or not President Kennedy in-
tends to help the wool business.
Here in Congress. we have been be-
seiged by Presidential message. The
problems that have concerned the Presi-
dent have ranged from the purely local
to State, national, International, and, In-
deed, outer space. What I want to
know and what the Nation wants to
know, is when the Presidential concern
is going to evidence Itself with some
tangible and practical action.
COMMUNITIES ARE SUFFERING
People are losing their jobs and their
livelihood. Whole communities are suf-
fering. The Kennedy administration
has repeatedly promised to help the wool
manufacturing industry just as It did
for cotton. Equal treatment, fairplay,
and the keeping of promises is all the
wool industry is asking. Is this too
much to ask?
Mr. Speaker, I want to draw the at-
tention of my colleagues to the reason
for the closing of the Marland plant.
Fabrics coming in from Japan, similar to
those made at the Marland plant, are
being offered for sale at 40 cents per yard
under the Marland plant's actual cost.
Someone will probably suggest that
the Marland plant has gone out of busi-
ness because it is marginal. Nothing
could be further from the truth.
The J. P. Stevens Co. has spent
$1,550,000 to improve the Marland plant
since the Korean crisis. By interna-
tional standards, it Is a modern plant.
During the Korean war, this plant was
largely engaged in the production of
uniform materials and blankets for our
country's Armed Forces. Should we face
another Korean-type wax, we would have
to look to foreign countries to provide
the material formerly produced by the
Marland plant.
Andover is losing a large payroll. This
loss will affect other areas of our great
country which supply consumer goods to
Andover. When a plant in New England
goes out of business, inevitably all see-
tions of our country are affected. On
March 27, 1963, Mr. John P. Baum, vice
president of the J. P. Stevens Co., made
the following statement about the clos-
Ing of the Marland plant. It says`
TEXT Or MARCH 27, 196.3, ANNOUNCEMENT BY
COL. JOHN P. BAUM, OF J. P. STEVENS & CO.,
INC.
After many months of painstaking ap-
praisal and after exhausting all other at-
ternatives. we have reluctantly reached the
conclusion that we must discontinue opera-
tions at our Marland plant In Andover, Mass.
Work now in process there will be run out
and the plant will then be closed down.
It is with the deepest regret that we have
reached this decision, as It affects the cur-
rent employment of 453 people.
This decision is unavoidable in view of
the losses which the Marland plant has
sustained over the last several years due
to the disastrous effect of imports from low-
wage countries. As an illustration, fabrics
from Japan similar to those made in the
Marland plant were offered freely In the
domestic market at prices approximately 40
cents per yard under our actual coat.
The losses of the Marland plant have oc-
curred despite the fact that the machinery
and equipment Is thoroughly modern.
Capital expenditures of $1,450,000 have been
made In the Marland plant since the Korean
crisis.
The closing of the Maryland plant with the
resultant loss of textile employment Is
another example of the excessive burden
of foreign imports on the American textile
industry and its employees. This steadily
Increasing volume of imports of woolen
products reached an all-time 'high during
1962, when imports were approximately 20
percent of domestic consumption. We, as
well as others in the American woolen and
worsted textile industry, have hoped for
some time that positive action would be
taken to correct these inequitable foreign
trade problems. To date no such action
has been taken.
This action constitutes a further erosion
of the textile Industry's capability to supply
the Armed Forces In the event of an all-out
national emergency-for example, during
World War II and the Korean crisis, the Mar-
land plant was largely engaged in the pro-
duction of uniform materials and blankets
for our country's Armed Forces.
It is hoped that responsible Federal Gov-
ernment officials will take the necessary
corrective action to solve the woolen and
worsted import problem before additional
American mills are forced to close.
It is our intention to exert our maximum
effort and to utilize our fullest resources
to maintain full operations in all of our
remaining plants.
The closing of the Marland plant is
just the beginning. As sure as night
follows day, we can expect other plant
closings.
In 1960, Candidate Kennedy did a lot
of talking about "getting this country
moving again." The people of New Eng-
land are getting fed up with President
Kennedy's brand of "moving" that
means closing plants and increased un-
employment.
POLITICAL ASYLUM
(Mr. UTT (at the request of Mr. HALL)
was given permission to extend his re-
marks-at this point in the RECORD.)
Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, the United
States has always had particular pride in
its tradition of political asylum. Right
now we are sheltering over 100,000 refu-
gees from Castro's Communist rule, and
rightly so. Even though the guests
whom we have sheltered have not always
been of our choice, we have consistently
maintained this right of sanctuary. It
has been an inviolable part of the Ameri-
can tradition.
In the whole history of the United
States, there Is no instance of a refugee
President or ruler of a foreign country
whom we have sent back to his political
enemies to be butchered.
Unhappily there are indications that
we are about to break this tradition.
Responding to some imperative of the
New Frontier foreign policy, there are
unmistakable signs that the administra-
tion in contemplating the turning over
of former President Perez Jimenez of
Venezuela to vengeance and probable
death at the hands of Romulo Betan-
court. The fact that Betancourt and
Perez Jimenez are bitter political enemies
and that It was Perez Jimenez who upset
Betancourt's leftists timetable by 10
years, by turning him out of the Vene-
zuelan Government in 1948, does not give
pause to those in high places who are
clamoring for the former President's de-
portation. The fact that Perez Jimenez,
while President, was decorated by Presi-
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 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
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5229
his remarks at this point in the RECORD.) my home town of Butte, Mont., is' the . munist Cuba. While enforcing our neu-
. Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, the Coin- first, I believe, organized coin club in the trality laws we should not deny Cubans
monwealth of Massachusetts is proud of United States to request recoinage of our the right to leave the United States for
the part it played in the struggle of our de facto domestic unit of value, the any other country of their choice. The
Nation for independence. Many of the standard silver dollar. Following isa United States should support the desire
communities that are a part of what resolution submitted by the above men- of Cubans to restore Cuba to a demo-
is now the Fifth Congressional District, tioned club: cratic society by recognizing a provi-
which I have the honor to represent, Whereas we are U.S. citizens and members sional government of free Cuba.
witnessed the first Revolutionary battles, in good standing of the Copper City Coin
In order that the battle sites might Collect1ors Club of Butte, Mont., and are
be preserved, the Minuteman National students of coins and currencies of other ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE CENTER
Historical Park has been established in nations as well as our own and standard
silver dollars,are a prerequisite as media of (Mr. O'HARA of Michigan (at the re-
Concord, Lexington, and Lincoln, Mass. exchange in our daily trade; and quest of Mr. ALBERT) was given permis-
The National Park Service has recom- Whereas the standard silver dollar of 4121/2 Sion to extend his remarks at this point
mended an appropriation of $500,000 for grains, 900 fine or 3711/4 grains of pure silver, in the RECORD and to include extraneous
fiscal year 1964 for land acquisition with- has not been struck since October 1935 nor matter.)
in the park and I am pleased to- note has a new design been issued since the De- Mr. O'HARA of Michigan. Mr. Speak-
that my colleagues on the House Ap- cember 1921 Peace Dollar and average of er, I was extremely interested in the
propriations Committee recognize the major periods for not coining the silver dol- lar since 1794 has been 26 remarks of my able and hardworking
historical significance of the area and - years and average
between new designs has been 42 years; and colleague from Delaware [Mr. Mc-
have approved the appropriation re- Whereas over 6o million standard silver DOWELL] concerning a report from the
quest for the bill which is before us dollars have been withdrawn as uncurrent General Accounting Office "on ineffective
today. during last 20 years for an 11 percent reduc-- repair parts support for combat and
I sincerely hope that my colleagues tion of total stock without replacement, nor combat support vehicles by the Army
will support this program. Approval of has there been any allowance made for a 50 Tank-Automotive Center." I believe
the appropriation request will allow the percent population increase during last three that steps should be taken to correct the
Service to preserve the proper facilities decades even though standard silver dollars
for the visiting preserve the accord with in circulation have risen 1,275 percent to an conditions described in the GAO report
alitime high; and and pledge my support to the gentleman
Mission 66 launched in 1956
As you
Wher
'
.
know, this - is the Service's long-range
comprehensive national park protection
and use program scheduled for comple-
tion in 1966, the golden anniversary of
the establishment of the National Park
Service. -
The Service, with the help of Congress,
will be allowed to continue - to make
headway in preserving our Nation's
great past.
(Mr. - SHORT (at the request of Mr.
HALL) was given permission to extend his
remarks at this point in the RECORD.)
[Mr. SHORT'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, at the
request of the gentleman from North
Carolina [Mr. COOLEY], I,ask unanimous
consent that the Committee on Agricul-
ture may have until midnight tonight
to file a report on H.R. 4997.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentle-
man from Oklahoma?
There was no objection.
(Mr. SHELLEY- (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. SHELLEY'S remarks "will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.] -
COIN CLUB REQUESTS RECOINAGE
OF SILVER DOLLAR
(Mr. OLSEN of Montana (at the re-
quest of Mr. ALBERT) was given permis-
sion toextend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. OLSEN of Montana. -Mr. Speaker,
the Copper City Coin Collectors Club of
over $2 billion in bullion on deposit with
our custodian in the Treasury of the United
States which are now securing working rep-
resentative certificates, redeemable on de-
mand, with only 76.3 million silver dollars
acting as certificate security for one of the
smallest coverages of representative paper
since 1883, and over 38.5 million silver dol-
lars were reclaimedduring year for the larg-
est total redemption in the history of that
coin; and
Whereas the Secretary of the Treasury has
been authorized by the Congress under sec-
tion 5 of the Silver Purchase Act of 1934
to coin the standard silver dollar and no
further authority is required for recoinage
nor for a new design as 25'year waiting period
between new designs has elapsed; and
Whereas section 4(b.) of the act of 'July 6,
1939 makes standard silver dollar coinage
mandatory on all newly acquired domestic
sliver under that act, excepting seigniorage
bullion, and there are over $80.6 million in
representative silver purchase certificates se-
cured by unstruck bullion, so acquired, and
delivery of standard silver dollars in that
amount is mandatory to owners, who are cer-
tificate holders: Be it therefore
Resolved, That we, the members of the
Copper City Coin Collectors Club in our regu-
lar monthly meeting assembled, do hereby
respectfully and unanimously request the
Secretary of the Treasury of the United
States of America to resume immediate coin.
age of our legal standard silver dollar from
bullion now on hand using the Peace Dollar
design to be followed as soon as practical by
a new design reflecting the period and times
we are living in such as the space age.
UNITED STATES SHOULD MAKE IT
CLEAR THAT ITS POLICY IN RE-
STRICTING EXILES WHO PARTIC-
IPATE IN RAIDS ON COMMUNIST
CUBA IS NO GUARANTEE OF PRO-
TECTION FOR CASTRO
(Mr. FASCELL (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the
United States should not interfere with
foreign based operations against- Com-
The GAO report indicates that inef-
fective repair parts support results from
the failure of the Army Tank-Automo-
tive Center to follow certain parts pro-
curement and reordering procedures
which GAO believes would be more. con-
ducive to efficient operations.
The Army Tank-Automotive Center is
located in Metropolitan Detroit. It is a
successor to the Ordnance-Tank-Auto=
motive Command which was likewise
based at Detroit. This Army Ordnance
unit has been located in the Detroit area
for many years. To the best of my
knowledge it was never located in any
other place. - -
During 1961 - the Army undertook to
dispose of underutilized Government-
owned production facilities. As part of
that program the Lenape Ordnance Mod-
ification Center at Newark, Del., was
closed and declared surplus to Army
needs. The production that hadbeen
performed at Lenape Ordnance Modifi-
cation Center which had been under the
supervision of the Ordnance Tank-Au-
tomotive Command was transferred to
other points but was still under the su-
persion of the Ordnance Tank-Auto-
motive Command. There is no indication
in the report of the General Accounting
Office or elsewhere, that the closing of
the Lenape Ordnance Modification Cen-
ter or production of the M-60 tank at
the Detroit tank. plant had anything to
do with the effectiveness or ineffective-
ness of ATAC's repair parts support
function.
SPECIAL- ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special orders
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. CURTIS, for 20 minutes, today.
Mr. HALL, for 15 minutes, today, and
to revise and extend his remarks and in-
elude extraneous matter.
Mr. LINDSAY (at the request of Mr.
HALL), for 30,minutes, on April 4.
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eas end.of December 1962 there were
from Delaware in an effort to do so.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 2
Mr. FORD (at the request of Mr. HALL),
for 30 minutes, on April 4.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
By unanimous consent, permission to
extend remarks in the Appendix of the
RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks,
was granted to:
Mr. BOLLING in two instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania in three
instances and to include extraneous mat-
ter.
Mr. OLSON of Minnesota and to Include
extraneous matter.
Mr. SAYLOR in two instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. GAVIN to revise and extend re-
marks made by him in Committee of
the Whole today.
Mr. PHILBIN in five instances.
Mr. COHELAN to revise and extend his
remarks in the Committee of the Whole
and to include a newspaper article.
Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON to revise and ex-
tend his remarks In the Committee of
the Whole, and to include extraneous
matter, following remarks of Mr. GROSS
on his amendment at page 24 of H.R.
5279.
Mr. CANNON and to include an address
by the president of the Independent
Bankers' Association of America.
Mr. BOGGS in two instances and to in-
clude extraneous matter.
Mr. JoELSON and to include extraneous
matter.
Mr. WHITENER and to include extrane-
ous matter.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. HALL) and to Include ex-
traneous matter:)
Mr. ALGER immediately following the
President's foreign aid message.
Mr. WYmAN immediately following the
remarks of Mr. ALGER.
Mr. MORSE during debate on H.R. 5279.
Mr. SNYDER during debate on H.R.
5279.
Mr. ALGER during debate on H.R. 5279.
Mr. MOORE during debate on H.R. 5279.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. HALL) and to include ex-
traneous matter:)
Mr. CONTE.
Mr. BELL in five instances.
Mr. FINDLEY.
Mr. WYDLER in five instances.
Mr. HORTON in five instances.
Mr. HoSmER in two instances.
Mr. LIPSCOMB in two Instances.
Mr. ALGER in five instances.
Mr. WESTLAND in two instances.
Mr. Boa WILSON in three instances.
Mr. MORSE in three instances.
Mr. YOUNGER in two instances.
Mr. MACGREGOR in three instances.
Mrs. DwYER in five instances.
Mr. HOEVEN.
Mr. DERWINSKI in two Instances.
Mr. GAVIN in four instances.
Mr. NORBLAD in four instances.
Mr. TEAGUE of California.
(The following Members (at the
quest of Mr. ALBERT) and to include
traneous matter:)
Mr. DENT in 10 instances.
Mr. DINGELL In two instances.
Mr. CAREY in two Instances.
Mr. MULTER In three Instances.
Mr. MINISH.
Mr. HANNA.
Mr. WILLIS in two Instances.
Mr. FLOOD.
Mr. WAGGONNER.
Mr. TEAGUE of Texas in three instances.
Mr. BOGGS in three instances.
Mr. SHELLEY in three instances.
Mr. THOMrsON of New Jersey.
Mr. RYAN of New York in two
stances.
Mr. MURPHY of New York In two
stances.
Mr. PURCELL in two instances.
Mr. HEBERT.
Mr. ROOSEVELT In six instances.
Mr. FASCELL In two instances.
Mrs. HANSEN to revise and extend her
remarks made in Committee and to in-
clude extraneous matter.
Defense .pct of 1950, as amended, to authorize
certain amounts received by way of reim-
bursement for medical supplies and equip-
ment to be used to purchase other medical
supplies and equipment"; to the Committee
on Armed Services.
632. A letter from the Secretary, Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare,
transmitting a draft of a proposed bill en-
titled "A bill to extend for 3 years the pro-
visions of the Juvenile Delinquency and
Youth Offenses Control Act of 1961"; to the
Committee on Education and Labor.
633. A letter from the Comptroller General
of the United States, transmitting a report
on the review of the overpricing of target
seeking systems under Department of the
Air Force negotiated contract AF 33(600)-
38098 with the Boeing Co., Seattle, Wash., for
the production of Bomarc missiles and re-
lated spare parts and support equipment; to
the Committee on Government Operations.
634. A letter from the Assistant Secretary
of the Interior, relative to submitting a draft
of a contract relating to proposed drainage
work exceeding a total cost of $200,000 on
the Crooked River project, Oregon, pursuant
SENATE ENROLLED BILL SIGNED to the act of June 13, 1958 (70 Stat. 274) ; to
the Committee on Interior and Insular
The SPEAKER announced his signa- Affairs.
ture to an enrolled bill of the Senate of 635. A letter from the Commissioner, Im-
the following title: migration and Naturalization Service, U.S.
S. 1089. An act to authorize the sale, with-
out regard to the 6-month waiting period
prescribed, of cadmium proposed to be dia-
posed of pursuant to the Strategic and
Critical Materials Stock Piling Act,
BILL PRESENTED TO THE
PRESIDENT
Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee
on House Administration, reported that
that committee did on April 1, 1963, pre-
sent to the Presidenttfor his approval, a
bill of the House of the following title:
H.R. 1597. An act relating to the tax treat-
ment of redeemable ground rents.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the House do now adjourn.
The motion was agreed to: according-
ly (at 7 o'clock and 23 minutes -p.m.),
the House adjourned until tomorrow,
Wednesday, April 3, 1983, at 12 o'clock
noon.
EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS.
ETC.
Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu-
tive communications were taken from
the Speaker's table and referred as
follows :
629. A letter from the Director. Bureau of
the Budget, Executive Office of the President,
relative to reporting that two appropriations
to the executive branch agencies for the
fiscal year 1963 have been reapportioned
on a basis which Indicates the necessity for
supplemental estimates of appropriation,
pursuant to section 3679 of the Revised
statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 665); to the
Committee on Appropriations.
830. A letter from the Assistant Secretary
of Defense, Installations and Logistics, trans-
mitting the 15th Annual Report on the
National Industrial Reserve, pursuant to
Public Law 883, 80th Congress; to the Com-
mittee on Armed Services.
631. A letter from the Secretary, Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare,
transmitting a draft of a proposed bill en-
titled "A bill to amend the Federal Civil
re-
ex-
Department of Justice, transmitting copies
of orders suspending deportation as well
as a list of the persona involved, pursuant
to the Immigration and Nationality Act of
1952, as amended; to the Committee on the
Judiciary.
636. A letter from the Commissioner, Im-
migration and Naturalization Service, U.S.
Department of Justice, transmitting copies
of orders suspending deportation as well as a
list of the persons involved, pursuant to the
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952,
as amended; to the Committee on the Judi-
ciary.
637. A letter from the Chairman, U.S. Ad-
visory Commission on International Educa-
tional and Cultural Affairs, transmitting the
first annual report of the U.S. Advisory Com-
mission on International Educational and
Cultural Affairs, pursuant to Public Law 87-
256 (H. Doc. No. 93); to the Committee on
Foreign Affairs and ordered to be printed.-
638. A letter from the Attorney General,
transmitting a draft of a proposed bill en-
titled "A bill to enforce constitutional rights
and for other purposes"; to the Committee
on the Judiciary.
639. A letter from the Secretary of Agri-
culture, transmitting a draft of a proposed
bill, entitled "A bill to provide for the stock-
piling, storage and distribution of essential
foodstuffs, including wheat and feed grains,
to assure supplies to meet emergency civil
defense needs, and other purposes"; to the
Committee on Armed Services.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB-
LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of
committees were delivered to the Clerk
for printing and reference to the proper
calendar, as follows:
Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture.
H.R. 4997. A bill to extend the feed grain
program. with amendments (Rept. No. 180).
Referred to the Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union.
PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public
bills and resolutions were introduced and
severally referred as follows:
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5154 C
00'0 value are growing larger and are
largely mechanized.
The full text of my bill follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled. That the
rapid expansion of the Nation's urban areas,
resulting in the discontinuance of farming
operations on large areas of agricultural land
and the consequent serious deterioration of
such agricultural land and other land
through erosion by wind and water, and
shifting uses of agricultural and other land
in other nonagricultural use areas, are caus-
ing severe problems concerning needed
changes in the use of such land and the
effects of such changes on the protection,
development, and utilization of the soil and
water resources of such areas; and that it is
the sense of Congress that the Federal Gov-
ernment should cooperate with States and
other public agencies for the purpose of pro-
viding assistance in planning for such
changes in land use and for the protection,
development, and utilization of the soil and
water resources -of such areas, and thereby
assist in preserving and protecting the Na-
tion's soil and water resources.
SEc. 2. In order to cooperate with and
assist States and their political subdivisions,
soil and water conservation districts, re-
gional, State and local planning boards and
commissions, and other public agencies in
planning for orderly adjustments in the use
of land in the Nation's rapidly expanding
urban areas and in other nonagricultural use
areas and for the protection, development,
and utilization of the soil and water re-
sources of such areas, the Secretary of Agri-
culture is authorized, upon the request of
the State or other public agency, to-
(1) make investigations and surveys in
connection with the classification and map-
ping of soils in such areas;
(2) make studies necessary for the inter-
pretation of such soil surveys or other appli-
cable surveys made by or available to the
Secretary;
(3) furnish technical and advisory assist-
ance in connection with such planning; and
(4) obtain the cooperation and assistance
of other Federal agencies in carrying out the
purpose of this Act.
SEC. 3. There are hereby authorized to be
appropriated such sums as may be necessary
to carry out the puropses of this Act, such
sums to remain available until expended.
COLLEGE EXPENSES SHOULD BE
TAX DEDUCTIBLE
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
er, I am today introducing legislation
to provide a tax deduction for the ex-
penses of higher education incurred by
either full- or part-time students or their
parents.
The rising costs of higher education
prevent many capable students from
continuing their studies. During the
past decade, tuition fees have risen some
86 percent, putting such opportunities
far beyond the reach of many unable to
meet these expenses. The legislation
which I have introduced would include
deductions for the costs of ordinary liv-
ing expenses as well as the cost of books
and tuition.
College and university enrollment is
expected to increase some 30 percent by
1965, and 66 percent by 1970. The im-
pact of these figures can be readily seen
in Florida, where we are building new
facilities and enlarging present ones
to keep pace with our expanding indus-
trial and social needs.
However, as a nation, we should not
concentrate solely on technical educa-
tion, but should strive to provide the
facilities necessary to produce well-
rounded citizens. Our national survival
may well depend on this Nation's ability
to train its most precious resource-
brainpower.
Mr. Speaker, it is my feeling that this
legislation to provide tax deductions for
education expenses would accomplish the
desired results through rewarding indi-
vidual initiative rather than relying on
comprehensive Federal assistance. This
principle seems more in keeping with
our national goals, and by the adoption
of this legislation I have introduced to-
day we will achieve these goals efficiently
~L
CUBAN COMMt7NIST SUBVERSION
IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
(Mr. FUQUA asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, the threat
which the Cuban Communist govern-
ment poses to the Western Hemisphere is
one of the most serious this Nation has
had to face. But face it we must.
Those of us from the great State of
Florida are keenly aware of this can-
cerous sore which festers only 90 miles
off our State's shore. We have absorbed
thousands of Cuban refugees fleeing from
Communist tyranny, and particularly do
the people of the Miami area see first-
hand the misery and despair, the an-
guish and the heartbreak, of the people
of this once proud and free land.
For these remarks I do not wish to
dwell upon the tyranny of the Batista
regime, only to say that what the Cuban
people now suffer is far worse than any-
thing seen under that dictatorship. And
neither can be condoned. What we must
deal with now is the present crisis, the
existence of a Cuban Government under
the domination of communism, an in-
ternational godless plague.
I have said on many occasions that I
fear far more the subversion which is
promulgated by the Cuban Communist
dictatorship than I do the remaining
Soviet troops on that island.
For international communism has
gained a foothold, and unless rooted out,
will infest another Latin American na-
tion, and then possibly another. This is
the threat we face, and one which we
must meet.
I was proud of our President when he
pledged to the Cuban freedom fighters
in Miami recently that their battle flag
would be returned to them in a free
Havana. This should be the pledge of
all Americans.
April 2
the Western Hemisphere. These dan-
gers challenge not only the United
States, in its quest for peace and secu-
rity, but every one of our Central and
South American neighbors, and the en-
tire free world.
For our Latin American neighbors are
more vulnerable than we to these activ-
ities, which have as their objective the
overthrow of governments and the in-
stallation of Soviet-dominated puppet
regimes similar to that of Fidel Castro.
We in the Congress, and the American
people, concerned as we are with the
security of our great Nation, must main-
tain an awareness of the nature and
scope of these activities. Toward this
end, the Inter-American Affairs Sub-
committee of the House Foreign Affairs
Committee recently held hearings on
"Castro-Communist Subversion in the
Western Hemisphere." I recommend
highly.to all Members that they study
the report of these hearings.
For my part, I would like to point out
some of the things I have learned re-
cently about this threat, in the hope that
such information might in some way
contribute to the full realization of this
threat.
First, I would like to remind my col-
leagues of some of the techniques of
subversion which are being, employed
throughout the hemisphere by the
Cuban-based Sino-Soviet Communist
movement. Recruitment and training
of new adherents to the revolutionary
line are prime activities of Communist
agents in every country in the Western
Hemisphere, including probably the
United States. Recruits are normally
sent to primary training schools first,
and then on a basis of performance and
reliability, may be sent to further cen-
ters for training activities of all kinds:
Leaders, orators and propagandists; ex-
perts in sabotage, espionage, and terror-
ism in all its forms; specialists in the
handling of arms and radio equipment,
in guerrilla warfare, and so forth. Re-
cruitment is carried on preferably
among students, teachers, workers, art-
ists, and writers. Some selected few
students of subversion are sent on to
advanced schools, where courses may
last a maximum of 3 years. These
schools refine the skills and techniques
learned earlier, and train the man or
woman as a party functionary. On an
even higher level, there are schools in
Russia and other bloc countries where
personnel are trained to occupy key posts
in the party or other allied agencies.
The next Communist technique em-
ployed in Latin America is infiltration
into previously selected organizations
and institutes in order, progressively
and methodically, to gain absolute di-
rection and control of them. Infiltration
is undertaken in any social class, in gov-
ernment agencies, social and cultural
centers, student groups, labor unions,
and even in armed forces. The priority
and magnitude of that infiltration will
depend on the facilities found, the en-
vironment in which action is taken, and
the aim being sought.
Recent events have again brought into Another Communist technique being
sharp focus the dangers of the subver- used in Latin America as elsewhere is
sive activities of Cuban communism in called psychological penetration. An
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5153
changing. These officials must make Hill Brook in Spencer, Meadow Brook in This is a worthwhile program which
important decisions on how much good New Braintree, and Kittredge Brook in deserves the support of the Congress, Mr.
farmland can be retained for agricul- Spencer. The balance of the work will Speaker. My bill would help to improve
ture, how to utilize wetlands and wood- be done in towns lost to the Third Dis- and strengthen this national program.
lands as open green areas with water trict as a result of the congressional For instance, my district has about
developments for recreation and wild- redistricting last year: Meadow Brook in 790,000 acres and only 132,000 acres
life. North Brookfield, Sucker Brook in West have been-soil surveyed. Completed soil
Recognition of these special problems Brookfield, Lamberton Brook in Warren, survey maps are needed right now In
has brought about a new development in Horsepond Brook in Brookfield, and Rice Massachusetts, but the mapping job for
my State with the establishment of con- Reservoir In Brookfield. my State is currently projected for com-
servation commissions by many commu- The project also calls for a concrete pletion by 1985, based upon current ap-
nities. Nearly 30 have already been dike along the East Brookfield River in propriatlons.
established in my district alone and it is East Brookfield to protect industrial A large number of land use and water
expected the total number in the State plants and stream channel Improve- problems are being solved by many com-
will soon reach 200. ments along the Quaboag, beginning In munities in my State in cooperation with
These conservation commissions are Warren and extending into West Brook- the Soil Conservation Service and the
working intensively on inventories of field to provide flood protection to in- Soil Conservation Districts. It has been
their towns' natural resources and are dustrial and residential areas at the demonstrated that the skills developed
helping to develop plans for greenbelts Quaboag marshes and Quaboag and In handling soil, land use and water
and wildlife preservation. In increas- Quacumquasit Ponds.
Ing numbers, the commissions are turn- The Suasco project with 7 dams and problems many farms ton b simi approb ms
ing to the Soil Conservation Districts for reservoirs when completed will provide on n ineamany cases My bill would bill wuld on the technical features of their flood protection and other benefits s to to a vovide greater a er authority My bhority to the soil con-
soil and water management problems. 31-town area extending from Shrews- servation districts and the Soil Con-
Increasing requests for Federal assist- bury to Lowell. As planned, Suasco calls servation Service in making available
ance are reaching me in recent months for seven dams-one each In Shrewsbury their skills to the many communities in
and I am cooperating fully with many and Westboro, two in Berlin, and three my State and in the Nation which could
town officials In seeking for their com- in Northboro. benefit considerably from these needed
munities Soil Conservation Service help The Suasco work is being carried out services,
on a large number of drainage and by the Middlesex and Northern Worces-
of
water problems. ter County Soil Conservation Districts, An er Inustya st I cite the town a recently
I have previously addressed the House the Massachusetts Water Resources suffered Spencer in my district, which rece
on the value and importance of the Commission, and the Soil Conservation throu n the the relocation sof a main shoe Indust
watershed program of the Soil Conser- Service. to the North okthry
vation Service. This program has been The Suasco watershed project is Town the nearby town orequested Brookfield.
of great assistance to many Massachu- among the firstto be approved for Mas-
Conservation Cvs have the Soil
setts communities which suffered losses sachusetts under the Watershed Protec- aflooding flooing facts acts oo n a provide water
in the 1955 floods. tion and Flood Prevention Act of 1954. and n m a commercial
adjacent ciel dto
There have been two watershed work When completed, the project will help the Seven on great meadows are Brook
plans developed in my district under the reduce and -control floodwaters at key the Seven Mile River and Hare Brook
Small Watersheds Act with the State points on the Sudbury, Assabet, and near Route 9.
and the towns in each watershed con- Concord Rivers and their tributaries. The which has a sewe plant i the
n to b tributing toward the total costs. The The project starts at the Assabct River area, which needs enlarged. The
first is the Suasco project, named after in Northboro and extends to the June- town has asked for information on the
the Sudbury, Assabet and Concord tions of the Sudbury and Concord Rivers extent of flooding to be expected in the
Rivers in the watershed, which is being In Concord, then to the Merrimack River erred after the upper Quaboag water-
developed at an estimated cost of in Lowell. In all some 377 square miles shed prole d installed. This
tro ibuild erg
$1,660,000 of which $650,000 will be paid of watershed are Involved with the flood lion is needed to help control building
by the State, the towns benefitting and prevention work designed to help these in the area.
the local landowners. Third District communities, some of . I have been assured that the Soil Con-
The second is the upper Quaboag which were added to my district as a _ servation Service will make the neces-
project with a total estimated cost of result of the redistricting last year: sary studies for Spencer as soon as per-
$2,750,000, of which about $1 million will Maynard, Upton, Marlboro, Boxboro, sonnel can be detailed to this work from
be borne by the State, local towns and Sherborn, Berlin, Littleton, Westford, other activities.
landowners. The watershed plan for Harvard, Clinton, Acton, Bolton, Hollis- Under the provisions of my bill, the
this project was completed in the sum- ton, Stow, Natick, and Hudson. Soil -Conservation Service and the Soil
mer of 1961. After careful review by Other towns Included In the Suasco Conservation Districts would be able to
the House and Senate Agriculture Com- watershed are: Carlisle, Lincoln, Fram- cope more efficiently and rapidly with
mittees, upper Quaboag was authorized ingham, Shrewsbury, Chelmsford, Sud- the many demands for technical assist-
for construction last September. bury, Grafton, Tewksbury, Weston, ance in land and water use problems
The upper Quaboag project consists of Ashland, Westboro, Billerica, Wayland, reaching them from many communities.
a dike, some channel enlargement and Southboro. Boylston, Bedford, Concord, The Soil Conservation Service is very
eight reservoirs, three of which are mul- Hopkinton and Northboro. active In Worcester County and agri-
tiple purpose. The work will also pro- The watershed program is one of sev- cultural conservation program work in
vide fish and wildlife habitat improve- eral important Federal programs admin- this county represents the largest share
ment, recreation and flood prevention. istered by the Soil Conservation Service. of Federal aid to farmers in Massachu-
The State plans to add recreation bene- Another Is the National Cooperative Soil sets. In all, there about 258,000 acres
fits to one reservoir, while the town of Survey, which is helping to provide basic of farmland in the county. Farmers
Leicester plans to add minicipal water soils Information to many of our towns employ some 16,000 workers and do
supply to another reservoir In the group. on a cost-sharing basis. about a $27 million annual business.
There are three great ponds in the Four towns In my district have ini- Farming is a most important part of the
watershed that will be greatly Improved tiated action to share costs with the Soil Worcester County economic picture.
because the water level will not be raised Conservation Service for the basic soil However, as in other urban areas,
to a great extent in time of flooding. interpretations they need-Sterling, Mil- Worcester County farms are changing
The upper Quaboag watershed project Its, Littleton and Acton. Of the 351 year by year. Recent farm censuses
is located in the western end of my dis- towns In Massachusetts, It is estimated show that farm land has decreased
trict with work earmarked for Shaw at least half have urgent need for soils about 100,000 acres in a 5-year period.
Brook in Spencer and Leicester. Turkey information. Individual farms with an average $27,- -
No. 48-14
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1963 CO~ESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5155
effort is made to attract and convert
indifferent people by exploiting the con-
tradictions present in every organized
society and the justified longings to re-
solve them. Attractive material easily
accessible to the masses is prepared, and
the penetration is carried out through
the constant utterance and repetition of
slogans adapted to the situation, as well
as the affirmation of carefully chosen
topics.
Next, dislocation, or weakening of the
social structure, is pursued by the Com-
munists. Freedom to congregate, the
right to strike, and other liberties grant-
ed by democracy are abused; laws are
labeled as antidemocratic or dictatorial,
and the authorities are criticized and at-
tacked as being solely responsible for the
situation. All kinds of arms are em-
ployed and offenses are perpetrated
against individuals and public and pri-
vate property, thereby inciting violent
action on the part of the police or the
Army, which serves the Communists' ul-
timate ends ofportraying the regime as
oppressive.
Finally, through a process of proper
organization, a . military apparatus of
growing complexity is created. Action,
or shock teams, are first created which
engage in hand fighting, sabotage, or acts
of terror. We have seen Communist ef-
forts in Venezuela to pass from this stage
to the next, that of organized guerrilla
warfare, culminating in the takeover of
strategic areas, and finally, the over-
throw of the local government.
Yes, Mr. Speaker, all of these are the
techniques of Communist subversion,
and Cuba is the Western Hemisphere
headquarters for training in these tech-
niques. A series of schools and training
centers have been set up there in which
instruction is given not only to Cubans
but to nationals from many other Latin
American countries. There are perhaps
a dozen of these schools in Cuba, some
of them under Russian instructors. At
least a thousand persons came to Cuba
from Latin America during 1962 for
training of this type. And as Mr. John
A. McCone, Director of the CIA stated
to the subcommittee:
In essence, Castro tells revolutionaries
from other Latin American countries:
"Come to Cuba; we will pay your way, we
will train you in underground organization
techniques, in guerrilla warfare, in sabotage,
and in terrorism. _ We will see to it that you
get back to your homeland.
"Once you are there, we will keep in touch
with you, give you progaganda support, send
you propaganda materials for your move-
ment, training aids to expand your guerrilla
forces, secret communication methods, and
perhaps funds and specialized demolition
equipment."
There have been organized, in addi-
tion to all this, groups whose purpose it
is to facilitate the carrying of subversion
to Latin America. Such groups as the
Board of Liberation for Central America
and the Caribbean, the Latin American
Youth Organization, the Free Latin
American Association, and others per-
form this function of spreading the Cas-
tro doctrine. A series of meetings, con-
ferences, and congresses has been held
in Cuba to give Communists and their
sympathizers from other Latin American
countries a good excuse to go to Cuba
for training or for strategy discussions
and integration.
This is a grave problem, perhaps the
most serious threat to the United States
and the Western Hemisphere we have
ever witnessed. It cannot be minimized,
it cannot be swept under a rug. We
must marshal the full resources of this
Nation, and that of all Latin America,
to meet this threat. So long as this
threat of Cuban Communist subversion
remains, this hemisphere is in grave
danger. We must meet this threat with
bold and vigorous action, for in my opin-
ion, the free and abundant life which we
seek for all men can never be achieved
in this hemisphere so long as this threat
remains.
ROGUE BASIN PROJECT FREIGHT
RATE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN
MEAT AND LIVESTOCK
(Mr. DUNCAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, on be-
half of the gentlewoman from Oregon
[Mrs. GREEN] and the gentleman from
Oregon [Mr. ULLMAN] and myself, I wish
to place in the RECORD a certified copy of
Senate Joint Memorial 7 pertaining to
the Rogue Basin project and House Joint
Memorial 13 pertaining to the historic
freight rate differential between meat
and livestock. These memorials were
enacted by the Oregon Legislative As-
sembly now in biennial session at Salem,
the State capital.
Both these matters are of crucial im-
portance to the State of Oregon. The
Members of the Oregon congressional
delegation are pleased to bring the
memorials to the attention of this House.
ENROLLED SENATE JOINT MEMORIAL 7
Introduced by Senators Chapman, Newbry,
Potts; Representatives Back, Bazett,
Branchfleld, Dellenback and Redden
To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of
America, in Congress Assembled:
We, your memorialists, the 52d Legislative
Assembly of the State of bregon, in legisla-
tive session assembled, most respectfully
represent as. follows:
Whereas the Rogue Basin project has been
authorized by the Congress of the United
States; and
Whereas the Rogue Basin project is a com-
prehensive river basin development plan
providing for the maximum feasible benefits
from flood control, fishery improvement,
irrigation, recreation, municipal water sup-
ply and power production; and
Whereas the present low water flow and
present high water temperatures threaten
the continued existence of valuable anad-
romous fisheries; and
Whereas repeated winter floods destroy
valuable property and prevent development;
and
Whereas the Rogue Basin is highly popu-
lated and. a growing area primarily depend-
ent on the timber industry; and
Whereas the timber production of the area
is stable and its employment decreasing be-
cause of increasing efficiency; and
Whereas the need for a more broadly based
economy and increased employment oppor-
tunity is urgent; and
Whereas the construction and operation of
the Rogue Basin project would restore the
fisheries, broaden the economy, increase em-
ployment in the State of Oregon and pro-
vide flood control: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Legislative Assembly of
State of Oregon:
1; The Congress of the United States is
urged to provide for a supplemental appro-
priation for the Rogue Basin project in the
amount of $50,000 to be used by the Corps of
Army Engineers for final' planning in the
fiscal year of 1963.
2. The Congress of the United. States is
urged to' provide an appropriation of $365,-
000 for the Corps of Engineers to be used
for final planning, site acquisition and con-
struction of the Rogue Basin project for the
fiscal year of 1964.
3. The secretary of state shall send a
copy of this memorial to the President and
Vice President of the United States, and to
each member of the Oregon congressional
delegation.
Adopted by senate March 12, 1963.
DALE A. HENDERSON,
Secretary of Senate.
BEN MUSA,
President of Senate.
Adopted by house March 15, 1963.
CLARENCE BARTON,
Speaker of House.
ENROLLED HOUSE JOIN?r MEMORIAL 13
Introduced by Representatives McKinnis,
Flitcraft, Hansell and Senators Hopkins,
Leth
To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep-
sentatives of the United States of Amer-
ica, in Congress Assembled:
We, your memorialists, the 52d Legisla-
tive Assembly of the State of Oregon, in
legislative session assembled, most respect-
fully represent as follows:
Whereas the livestock slaughtering and
processing industry is essential to the econ-
omy of the State of Oregon and the Western
United States; and
Whereas a historic and economically vital
formula on the cost of transportation of
fresh meats as compared to livestock, west-
bound from the Midwest, has been destroyed
by the imposition of freight rates discrimina-
tory to livestock processing plants in Oregon;
and
Whereas under this historic formula the
rates for transportation of fresh meats were
approximately one and one-half times higher
than the rates for transportation of livestock
westbound from the Midwest; and
Whereas due to the imposition of discrim-
inatory freight rates the fresh meat freight
rate has been undercut, to a present formula
of one to one, which makes it prohibitive for
Oregon packers to ship livestock from the fat
livestock markets of the Midwest to Oregbn
for local slaughter; and
Whereas the livestock slaughtering and
processing industry of Oregon has already
declined as a direct result of prior rate reduc-
tions forcing severe unemployment and loss
of markets for livestock producers and feed-
ers; and
Whereas the Public Utility Commissioner
of the State of Oregon, the Director of the
Department of Agriculture of the State of
Oregon, the leaders in the meat producing
industry, the leaders of management in the
processing industry and leaders of labor in
the meat handling industry, and allied fields,
'have gone on record to seek adjustment in
these detrimental freight rates, without suc-
cess: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Legislative Assembly of the
State of Oregon.
1. The Legislative Assembly of the State
of Oregon respectfully memorializes the Con-
gress of the United States and the Honorable
Secretary of Commerce to take those steps as
may be necessary to restore the historic
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5156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORI? - April 2
freight rate formula that has existed between Academy and the Hahnemann Medical Appropriations committee, made a speech in
westbound livestock and meat and thereby College in Philadelphia. He began a the House of Representatives in which he
prevent further economic hardship to the distinguished naval career in 1914, made special references to the area medical
broad based livestock industry of Oregon combat with the Marines in offices and the methods of function of the
which is threatened by undercutting freight served in area medical directors and their respective
rate practices now permitted by the Inter- Haiti in 1915, and in France during staffs, The final paragraph of Congressman
state Commerce Commission. World War II. For extraordinary hero- THOMAS' speech states: "The Administrator
2. The Secretary of State shall send a copy ism, conspicuous gallantry and intrepid- has recently moved the area medical direc-
of this memorial to the President of the U.S. ity while serving with the U.S. Marines tors and their staffs into Washington. This
Senate, the Speaker of the House of Repre- in actual Conflict with the enemy in is a good first step, but does not go far
sentatives of the United States, the Secretary France in July of 1918, he was awarded enough. This layer should be eliminated
of the U.S. Department of Commerce and to the highest honor this Nation can be- entirely and the area medical directors and
each member of the Oregon congressional their staffs should be reassigned to the
delegation. stow upon a serviceman, the Congres- various hospitals, so they can practice medi-
Adopted by house February 14, 1963. sional Medal of Honor. He holds the cine. The veterans throughout the country
CECIL L. EDwARDS. Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver will profit by this move."
Chief Clerk of House_ Star with five Oak Leaf Clusters and It would seem from the above statement
CLARENCE BARTO:N. the Purple Heart with two Oak Leaf that Congressman THOMAS is unaware that
Speaker of House. Clusters for wounds received in action. some members of area medical staffs are non-
Adopted by senate March 14, 1963. As medical officer of the presidential medical personnel and hence are not quali-
, Pied as practitioners of medicine.
BEN MUSA
President of senate. yachtfor several years he treated Presi- To one who knows, from long association
dents Harding and Coolidge. As White with and experience in dealing with the
House physician, he attended President Veterans' Administration's medical and hos-
VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION DE- Hoover, and for a brief period, Presi- pital program directly and indirectly, Con-
PARTMENT OF MEDICINE AND dent Roosevelt. He has held posts as mress Predicated on myt meat knowledge andiexpeo
SURGERY chief medical officer of a single ship as rience which has included day-to-day super-
well as an entire fleet. He has directed vision and operation of the Veterans' Admin-
(Mr. SAYLOR asked and was given the operations of a single hospital as istration's medical and hospital program for
permission to extend his remarks in the well as all hospitals In a naval district. a statutory 4-year term of office, I can readily
body of the REC(jRD.) He has served as General Medical In- foresee that, if such a proposal were enacted,
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, I have spector for fill hospitals In the entire it would: first, seriously cause deterioration
read with interest in recent weeks acv- naval system. In 1947. Admiral Boone of the program and; then, destruction of it
eras theories that have been advanced directed a medical survey of the coal in- as a medical and hospital program, which Is
on the manner in which the Veterans' not excelled by any other medical and hos-
dustry, pital program In the United States and, as
Administration Department of Medicine This survey devoted to medical prob- far as is known, throughout the world.
and Surgery should be organized and lems encountered by coal miners and My relationship with the Veterans' Bureau
operated. A matter of growing concern conditions affecting health In coal mines and the Veterans' Administration covers a
is the fate of the seven Veterans' Admin- has been responsible for improving con- span of 43 years. As tar back as early 1920,
istration area medical offices, each pres- ditions for workers not only in the coal when I was an assistant to the Surgeon
ently responsible for the supervision of a industry licit in many other industries as General of the Navy following my duty with
group of VA hospitals, domiciliaries, and combat forces In France in World War I,
well. one of my duties was a liaison officer with
outpatient clinics located in several Shortly after his retirement from the then Veterans' Bureau. A request was
States. Just recently, the Director of naval service In December of 1950 Ad- made to the Surgeon General of the Navy
each of these area medical offices was miral Boone assumed the responsibility by the then Chief Medical Officer of the Vet-
transferred with a small staff to the Vet- crane' Bureau to release me from my duty
erans' Administration central office in of directing the nationwide network of with the Suregon General for reassignment
Washington. Meanwhile, the staff of Veterans' Administration hospitals and to duty with the Veterans Bureau as the
specialists and technicians making up medical facilities. During the next 4 Deputy Chief Medical Officer. I declined
the area medical office continues to years he devoted all of his many talents this proffer of an administrative position
function in its field location. How the and boundless energy to making the Vet- outside of the Navy, but continued for the
Grans' Administration hospital program next 2 years In a liaison capacity with the
Area Medical Director can supervise his the greatest system of high quality medi- Veterans' Bureau.
staff of specialists from Washington cal care this country has ever known. Over the years from time to time I had
more efficiently than was previously pos- various and sundry relationships with the
sible from an adjoining office Is a mys- Admiral Boone, in his letter, shares my Veterans' Bureau and subsequently, when
tery to me. I sincerely hope that this concern lest the Veterans' Administra- established, with the Veterans' Administra-
move does not represent the first step in tion medical program which has been tion. It was on March 1, 1951, that I was
medical labeled "second to none" and which he sworn in as Chief Medical Director of the
the complete elimination of area role in establishing, Veterans' Administration. I had accepted a
offices. played prominent t rolmanner. proffer of appointment very reluctantly,
I have been privileged to receive a deteriorate aloratC in any having been urged to do so from the high-
communication from Adm. Joel T. The letter follows: est authority In Government, against my
Boone, former Chief Medical Director of WASHINGTON, D.C., wishes and desires, but I would add par-
the Veterans' Administration, express- March 21, 1963. enthetically that I am indeed immeasurably
ing his views on this subject and the ? Hon. JOHN P. SAYLOR, gratified that I accepted the position, for
House of Representatives, It gave me an opportunity to supervise the
high quality of Veterans' A Admiral Stone is The Capitol, reputedly largest medical and hospital pro-
medicine in general. Admiral Boone is Washington, D.C. gram in the world and required of me a most
eminently qualified to speak on all mat- DEAR JOHN: In compliance with your re- challenging and vital opportunity to serve
ters affecting Veterans' Administration quest, I submit a statement herewith, deal- again my country and the veterans of it,
medicine. His background is rich with ing with the area medical directors and area with many of whom I hadserved when they
experience in the practice of medicine medical offices of the Veterans' Administra- were in the Armed Forces in World War I.
both on the field of combat under enemy tion. World War IT, and the Korean war.
fire and in peacetime in some of the The CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Senate, of As the Veterans' Administration at the
finest naval hospitals in the Nation. Not March 4, 1963, pages 3325-3328, published a time of my appointment was under a sen-
only is he eminently qualified in the speech by Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY, titled atonal investigation, to which Senator
"Maintenance of Highest Medical Standards HUMPHREY made extensive reference in the
practice of medicine but he has proved In Veterans' Administration," in which he, Senate on March 4, 1963. he being the chair-
to be an extremely capable administra- with obvious concern and at length, ex- man of a subcommittee of the Labor and
tor in his many assignments of Increas- pressed an obvious deep concern as to an -Public Welfare Commttee of the Senate, I
ing administrative responsibility in the action taken by the Administrator of Vet- entered upon my duties as Chief Medical
U.S. Naval Hospital System culminated erans' Affairs In establishing offices in the Director of the Veterans' Administration
by 4 years as the Chief Medical Director central office of the Veterans' Administration when the place was "on fire," "exploding,"
here In Washington for the seven area medi- and "under attack." I could not have as-
of the Veterans' Administration cal directors. Then on March 11, 1063, Con- sumed these new duties at a more difficult
Admiral Boone is a native of St. Clair, gressman ALBERT THOMAS. chairman of the and harassing period. It is not regarded as
Pa. He was educated at Mercersberg Independent Offices Subcommittee of the Immodest to refer in passing to the adjust-
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House of Representatives
Apltlr,, 2, 1963
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.UBAN AN4-CASTRO GROUPS
The Chaplain
Rev. Bernard Braskamp
,
, (Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
D.D., offered the following prayer:
Colossians 3: 14: Above all these was given permission to address the
things put on love, which is the bond House for 1 minute and to revise and
of perfectness. extend his remarks.)
Almighty God, our Father,. who art the Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
same, yesterday, today, and forever, er, U.S. policy to discourage Cuban exile
amid all the miseries and mutations of raids on Castro's seacoast is a complete
time, grant that our hearts may be the contradiction of our national goals.
sanctuaries of Thy love. It is true that the Government must
May we feel the wealth and warmth upholfi U.S. neutrality laws. However,
of Thy love and seek to make it the this Nation has no right to Interfere with
commanding and controlling factor and - the operations of foreign-based anti-
force in our daily life. Castro Cubans. Furthermore, the Unit-
Inspire us to discover in these criti- ed States is not responsible for foreign-
cal and confused days that love is the based raids against Communist Cuba.
fear and constrain us to rise above all
-cold and rebellious tempers of spirit.
Hear us for the sake of our Lord who
walked'the road of the loving heart.
Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of
yesterday was read and approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
A message in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States was communi-
cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of
his secretaries.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by Mr.
McGown, one of its clerks, announced
that the Senate had passed without
amendment a bill and a joint resolution
of the House of the following titles:
H.R. 4374. An act to proclaim Sir Winston
Churchill an honorary citizen of the United
States of America; and
H.J. Res. 282. Joint resolution designating
the 6-day period beginning April 15, 1963, as
"National Harmony Week," and for other
purposes.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed a bill of the following
title, in which the concurrence of the
House is requested:
S. 1035. An act to extend the provisions of
section 3 of Public Law 87-346, relating to
dual rate contracts.
The message also.. announced that the
Vice President has appointed Mr. JoHN-
STON and Mr. CARLSON members of the
Joint Select Committee on the part of
the Senate, as provided for in the act of
August 5, 1939, entitled "An act to pro-
vide for the disposition of certain records
of the U.S. Government," for the disposi-
tion of executive papers referred to in
the Report of the Archivist of the United
States Numbered 63-9.
raids nave uaue signincance. This argu-
ment is false. Hit-and-run tactics sig-
naled the beginning of Castro's rise to
power. The Communists are using these
same tactics even now to subvert Latin
America.
The Cuban Communists do not want
war in the Caribbean, and they have
backed down with an apology for firing
on a U.S. boat last Saturday. Freeing
Cuba is_a job for Cubans, and I certainly
hope the United States will encourage
them to do it.
BLOCKADE OF COMMUNIST CUBA
(Mr. STINSON asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks in the
body of the RECORD at this point.)
Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, at last
the United States and Great Britain have
established a blockade of Cuba, but, un-
fortunately, the United States seems to
have lost sight of its values and tradi-
tions, for through this bockade our coun-
try is protecting Castro from those Cuban
exiles who yearn to return freedom to
their homeland. I find it extremely hard
to understand why we are actually pro-
tecting a Communist government and
suppressing the activities of people .who
are fighting to rid Cuba of the Commu-
nist menace. This is a complete reversal
from our policy of aiding the anti-Castro
invasion just 2 years ago. How foolish it
is to take steps which permit communism
to survive in Cuba when we all realize
that Cuba is the chief steppingstone to
the establishment . of communism
throughout Central and South America.
Our excuse for protecting Castro seems
weak, indeed, when we glance back at our
own history of fighting for freedom and
human rights. It seems to me that the
attacks launched against the Commu-
nist Cuba would have a terrific morale-
boosting effect on those patriots still in
Cuba, who with sufficient evidence of
support could rid their country of com-
munism.
How can any of our South American
allies gain confidence In the policies of
the United States when with one hand
we tell the anti-Castro forces that we
want them to free their homeland while
with the other hand we take steps to in-
sure that they will not? To make mat-
ters worse, we are now playing the role
of informant against the Cuban patriots
as well as protector for Castro.
In my opinion, the administration has
failed to understand our demands for a
blockade of Cuba, for what we are de-
manding was a blockade of Communist
uba, not a blockade of freedom.
COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND
CURRENCY
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on behalf
of the gentleman from Texas [Mr. PAT-
MAN], I ask unanimous consent that the
Committee on Banking and Currency
may sit today during general debate.
The SPEAKER. Without objection, it
is so ordered.
There was no objection.
MUTUAL DEFENSE AND ASSISTANCE
PROGRAMS-MESSAGE FROM THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES (H. DOC. NO. 94)
The SPEAKER laid before the House
the following message from the Presi-
dent of the United States, which was -
read and, together with the accompany-
ing papers, referred to the Committee on
Foreign Affairs and ordered to be
printed:
To the Congress of the"United States:
"Peace hath her victories no less re-
nowned than war," wrote Milton. And
no Peacetime victory in history has been
as far reaching in its impact, nor served
the cause of freedom so well, as the vic-
tories scored in the last 17 years by this
Nation's mutual defense and assistance
programs. These victories have been,
in the main, quiet instead of dramatic.
Their aim has been, not to gain terri-
tories for the United States or support
in the United Nations, but to preserve
freedom and hope, and to prevent tyr-
anny and subversion, in dozens of key
nations all over the world.
The United States today is spending
over 10 percent of its gross national
product on programs primarily aimed at
improving our national security. Some-
what less than one-twelfth of this
amount, and less than 0.7 percent of our
GNP, goes into the mutual assistance
program: roughly half for economic de-
velopment, and half for military and
other short-term assistance. The con-
tribution of this program to. our national
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5126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 2
interest clearly outweighs its cost. The the fact is that our aid programs gen- system, determine the political leader-
richest nation in the world would surely erally and consistently have done what ship, shape the political practices, and
be justified in spending less than 1 per- they were expected to do. mold the structure of the institutions
cent of its national income on assistance Freedom Is not on the run anywhere which #o Will promo either consent or
to its less fortunate sister nations solely in the world-not In Europe, for oned of hmanity.
as a matter of international responsi- Africa, or Latin America-as it might And these decisions will drastically af-
bility; but Inasmuch as these programs well have been without U.S. aid. And fect the shape of the world in which our
are not merely the right thing to do, but we now know that freedom-all free- children grow to maturity.
clearly in our national self-interest, all dom, including our own-Is diminished Africa is stirring restlessly to consoli-
criticisms should be placed in that per- when other countries fall under Com- date its independence and to make that
spective. That our aid programs can be munist domination, as in China in 1949, independence meaningful for its people
improved is not a matter of debate. But North Vietnam and the northern prov- through economic and social develop-
that our aid programs serve both our inces of Laos In 1954, and Cuba in 1959. ment. The people of America have af-
national traditions and our national Freedom, all freedom, Is threatened by firmed and reaffirmed their sympathy
interest is beyond all reasonable doubt. the subtle, varied and unceasing Cam- with these objectives.
History records that our aid programs munist efforts at subversion In Latin Free Asia is responding resolutely to
to Turkey and Greece were the crucial America, Africa, the Middle East, and the political, economic, and military
element that enabled Turkey to standUP Asia, And the prospect for freedom Is challenge of Communist China's relent-
against heavyhanded Soviet pressures, also endangered or eroded in countries less efforts to dominate the continent.
Greece to put down Communist aggres- which see no hope-no hope for a better Latin America is striving to take deci-
sion and both to recreate stable societies life based on economic progress, educa- sive steps toward effective democracy-
and to and so in the direction of tion. social justice and the development
the cha ge and the ~menace rapid
economic Communist
ecotic ansocial cial growth- of stable institutions. These
History records that the Marshall plan frontiers of freedom which our military subversion.
made it possible for the nations of West- and economic aid programs seek to ad- The United States-the richest and
cm Europe, including the United King- vance; and in so doing, they serve our most powerful of all peoples, a nation
dom, to recover from the devastation of deepest national Interest. committed to the independence of na-
the world's most destructive war, to re- This view has been held by three suc- tions and to a better life for all peoples-
build military strength, to withstand the cessive Presidents-Democratic and Re- age of decision than aside i this climactic
expansionist thrust of Stalinist Russia, publican alike,
and to embark on an economic renais- it has been endorsed by a bipartisan from the community of free nations.
sance which has made Western Europe majority of nine successive Congresses. Our effort is not merely symbolic. It is
the second greatest and richest Indus- It has been supported for 17 years by a addressed to our vital security interests.
trial complex In the world today-a vital bipartisan majority of the American It is In this context that I
people through their
center of free world strength, itself now people. American r will consider air our
contributing to the growth and strength And It has only recently been recon- sentatives in people ththis year for foreign aid funds
of less developed countries. firmed by a distinguished committee of request designed carefully and expicitly to meet
History records that our military and private citizens, headed by Gen. Lucius designed specific challenges. carefully and e This is not a
economic assistance to nations on the Clay and including Messrs. Robert An- wurden. It is a new chapter
frontiersof the Communist world-such derson, Eugene Black, Clifford Hardin, wearisome involvement e in a new chapteas Iran, Pakistan, India, Vietnam, and Robert Lovett, Edward Mason, L. F. our urden.
vital se-the in a continuously
aby
free China-has enabled threatened peo- McCollum, George Meany, Herman ffort emost osr he most chand
fellow
they otherwise would have either been port stated: man.
overrun by aggressive Communist power We believe these programs, properly coo- osrzcr[vEa FOR IMPROVEMENT
or fallen victim of utter chaos, poverty. ceived and implemented. to be essential to
and despair. the Security of our Nation and necessary to In a changing world, our programs of
History records that our contributions the exercise of its worldwide responsibilities. mutual
under ose andt revlew~My rusmbe
to international aid have been the criti- There is, in short, a national con- k e t and r herein r eviet the work o-
cal factor in the growth of a whole fam- acnsus of many years standing on the thmdations
e Clay Committee, the scrutiny under-
ily of international financial institutions vital Importance of these programs. taken by the new Administrator of the
and agencies, playing an ever more Im-
portant The principle and purpose of U.S. assist- Agency for International Development,
role in the ceaseless war against ance to less secure and less fortunate and the experience gained in our first
want and the struggle for growth and nations are not and cannot be seriously full year of administering the new and
freedom. in doubt, improved program enacted by the Con-
Adomnd, finally, history will record that U. PRESENT NEWS gress in 1961. There is fundamental
today our technical assistance and Bevel- The question now is: What about the agreement throughout these reviews'
opment loans are giving hope where hope future? In the perspective of these past that these assistance programs are of
was lacking, sparking action where life gains, what is the dimension of present great value to our deepest national in-
was static, and stimulating progress needs, what are our opportunities, and terest-that their basic concepts and
portin the earthry security simultaneously
of the f thfree what changes do we face at this juncture organization, as embodied in the existing
porting themilitary security world history? legislation, are properly conceived-that
world, helo e barriers egai I believe it is a crucial juncture. Our progress has been made and is being
the growt p ing h of c com mct munism where those e world is near the climax of a historic made in translating these concepts into
tkind of count orl community helping of build convulsion. A tidal wave of national In- action-but that much still remains to
the h self-supporting nations rode- dependence has nearly finished Its sweep be done to improve our performance and
pende, whichnw want to live, and elptd to through lands which contain one out of make the best possible use of these pro-
serve we want American ic to extend xevery three people in the world. The in- grams.
serve the deep to those urge to working to- dustrial and scientific revolution Is In addition, there is fundamental
a generous hand d tiD working an spreading to the far corners of the earth. agreement in all these reviews regarding
a ward h better life for themselves an And two irreconcilable views of the value, six key recommendations for the future.
thDe children. the rights, and the role of the individual Objective No. 1: To apply stricter
espits nde6 te direon predictions dom in very human being confront the peoples of the standards of selectivity and self-help in
far n aid would e days despite dbankrupt the that e world. aiding developing countries. This objec-
publicc-despite warnings that t t the Mar- publ In some 60 developing nations, count- tive was given special attention by the
shall plan and successor programs were less large and small decisions will be Committee To Strengthen the Security
"throwing our money down a rathole"- made in the days and months and years of the Free World (the Clay report),
despite great practical difficulties some mistakes and disappointments- and will ahead-decisions o the economic taken and social such criteria t could result in substantial
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5096 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 2
has been made to prevent these people to the promised land, provided you march from Oregon [Mr. MORSE] was criticizing
from applying for registration. In fact, down the street, obstruct traffic, walk a the Cuban refugees for their raids on
they have come forward by the hundreds red light, and go to the court house." Castro's Cuba, I engaged in a colloquy
to do so. They have been there at the Those acts of walking down the street with him in which I expressed my sym-
instance of outside agitators who say, and obstructing traffic are the heart of pathy for, and understanding of, these
"You cannot get relief, you cannot get the suit that has been filed. courageous freedom fighters who feel un-
social security, you cannot get commodi- Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator. pelled at the risk of their lives to strike
ties unless you follow us, and follow us The officers, the board of aldermen, the whatever blows they can at Castro's to-
down the main street, against red lights, mayor, the police, the city attorney, and talitarian tyranny and its ruthless and
and deprive the citizens of the city of the others, are due the commendations and bloody suppression of the liberties of the
right to govern their own affairs." the appreciation of the whole body of Cuban people.
The suit which the Department of people of the Nation, especially those While I did not engage in a lengthy
Justice has filed is not a voting rights who appreciate the difficulty that is al- discussion with the Senator, who was
suit. The question is, Can the people ways present when any kind of agitation making his customarily effective pres-
maintain order on the streets of their starts which would try to pit the races entation of the legal and other aspects of
own city? one against the other. these raids, condemning them unquali-
Mr. STENNIS. Through their own I feel certain that every Senator, if fiedly, I sought to indicate my view that
officials. he understood the situation, would join there was another side to this issue, and
Mr. EASTLAND. Of course; through with me in heartily commending the ac- that I was not convinced of the correct-their own
ials.
That
tion
Is the
t
officials.
I Judge Claytoncwas emi ently corre tein 'will o tinue heir pattern o co ducteI which f his mew and of the position
his decision. believe they will. whithe a administration appears rs to to be
Mr. STENNIS. I thank my colleague. be pre thatevented these at
all costs
by d by the raids United should States.
This situation can come close to home be prtes.
in the case of each of us in Washington AMENDMENT OF FOREIGN ASSIST- I was therefore interested to note in
in our official offices. It can come much ANCE ACT OF 1961-MESSAGE this morning's Washington Post acol-
closer home than anyone might think. FROM THE PRESIDENT (H. DOC. umn entitled "The Cuban Raids," with
Only last week some of this same group NO. 94) the subtitle "Why Stand in the Way?"
that is in Greenwood, Miss.-perhaps not The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ED- written by. Roscoe Drummond. The ar-
the same individuals, but individuals title f in expresses a view with ask I find
with the
with the same connections-showed up MONDSON in the chair) laid before the myself in general accord. I ask unani-
offices same Of3ico dil p Senate a message from the President of mous consent that the article be printed
in g, our parade in the and mate nd make a the United States, transmitting a draft at this point in the RECORD.
show. ing Tar .way d we learned picket a about make of proposed legislation to amend further There being no objection, the article
probable
probable presence of these people in our the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
was ethrough of sence themember our amended, and for other purposes, which, as follows:
Senate Press Gallery, who called and with .the accompanying paper, was re- THE CUBAN RAIDS-Wax STAND IN THE WAY?
said, "Have they gotten there?" ferred to the Committee on Foreign
The response was, "Whom are you Relations. (sy Roscoe Drummond)
(For message from the President, see Many Americans must feel both confused
talking about?" House proceedings of today). and frustrated by the difference between
We were told, "We have been called what the administration says about Castro's
by this group and they said they were Cuba and what it does.
going to picket your offices." ORDER OF BUSINESS Unquestionably President Kennedy sere-the The purpose is to make a show of pub- , Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President- easeda Cuban "free
invasion a.". n told the their
licity, to create a disturbance, and to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The prisoners on thet
create a false issue, merely to carry a return to Florida that he was confident
point or to create a disturbance and Chair recognizes the Senator from Ari- their battalion flag would fly victoriously in
mislead the American people. zone. Havana.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, a But when those Cubans hit at the Castro
It is pitiful to me-and I say this with parliamentary inquiry. and soviet forces, the President wants them
the greatest respect to our nmedia- to stop it.
that Rates this our news Instantly media- Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, will the Vice President LYNDON JOHNSON tells the
picked ems Senator from Arizona yield? graduating class of the Inter-American De-
roo picm or drnd publicized and in on every living Mr. GOLDWATER. I yield. fense College that we "cannot be content
newsstand aover room, Nation, every vcausing Mr. TOWER. I suggest the absence until communism is gone from Cuba."
the newsstand all l fall victims to such mis- of a quorum. But when the Cuban refugees; who are
leading tactics and to .planning of this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does intent upon wresting their freedom from
kind. the Senator from Arizona yield for that those who have taken it from them, take
purpose? action to do something about it, the highest
It is a severe strain upon tree govern- Mr. GOLDWATER. I yield for that diissappr of the administration express only
merit. roval.
Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will purpose, with the understanding that I Thus far President Kennedy has given no
the Senatoryield? do not lose the floor. adequate explanation as to why he does not
Mr. STENNIS. I yield. The PRESIDING OFFICER. That want the anti-Castro Cubans to fight the
Mr. TENNIS. I live close to the will be the understanding. The clerk Castro-Soviet forces at any point they can
city Of Greenwood. I was in Greenwood will call the roll. make contact.
s everal days last we. I speak with : The legislative clerk' proceeded to call until the administration makes a more
the roll, persuasive case against the Cuban refugee's edge.
his
onstra i
firsthand on had not c ulght on.TThere is not the Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I ask gets myg their
pissson they side of thy
tension in Greenwood that has been plc unanimous consent that the order for refugees.
toned in the eastern Greenwood
press. The move- the quorum call be rescinded. I think a good case can be made that the
mend is not eres a majority of The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- refugee raids are useful and that we ought
th,by me Negro race per rte a majority of the out objection, It is so ordered. not to discourage them or stand in the way.
over-
white race; in fact, it is condemned by a Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I We say we want the Castro regime thrown. say that only the Cuban people
majority of the Negro race. The Justice have agreed to yield to the Senator from can bring it sb condi-
Department action was merely an at- tan bring i about. With those two Alaska, with the understanding that I tions, who is to begin the process unless t
less it
tempt to rescue a drowning baby. It is will not Io my,lace Ion, the floor. is the Cuban refugees?
not possible to get citizens of the Negro ( You may believe that the hit-and-run
race from the city of Greenwood to par- raids are only insignificant, hectoring
pin-
ticipate. So the instigators have gone WHY STAND IN Tilt WAY OF CUBA'S pricks. So were Castro's first hit-and-run
into the rural areas and have contacted FREEDOM FIGHTERS? attacks on Batista. The only way to begin
Negroes who want commodities and have Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, yes- is to begin.
said, "Join with us, and we will lead you terday, while the able senior Senator maKnem u d -have st ld the Surely any latent nd fert
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 5095
with many requests for the court to public announcement to these groups, as
enter orders againstthe local officials. follows:
The Justice Department should stop Because of present public excitement re-
its well-known practice of filing suits suiting from recent events here, it is con
right and left whenever a member of sidered necessary to peace and order that
no large organized groups be allowed on the
some minority grbyp makes an ntrar- streets of Greenwood. Therefore, you must
tion unsupported by proof, and contrary disperse. If It Is your purpose to go to the
to the facts. The Federal Government courthouse to apply for voter registration,
does not have a monopoly on protecting you will not be prevented from doing so but
constitutional rights. Under the facts, in order to Insure that there will be no
it has no authority whatever in this mat- breach of the peace you must proceed In
and local governments have the respon-
sibility for maintaining law and order;
and Greenwood, Miss., and Lefiore
County are doing this very thing under
the most difficult circumstances.
The law-abiding citizens of a peace-
ful community like Greenwood right-
fully look to their local public officials to
maintain law and order and to protect
them from unlawful invasions and
breaches of the peace.
In connection with this very suit, I
should like to turn briefly, not merely
to what I might say about the situation,
but to what Judge Claude F. Clayton
said yesterday at the regular term of
court in Mississippi, in passing on the
application of the Justice Department
for a temporary restraining order
against these very officers I have been
talking about.
Judge Clayton is one of the outstand-
ing Federal judges in the entire Nation.
I assure my colleagues that I know Judge
Clayton personally, and have known
him for a long time. He is an experi-
enced- able fudge. He had served on the
legislature and as written in the regular
constitutional way and in the processes
of self-government, and to maintain law
and order and orderly processes of gov-
ernment in that way.
Heretofore all the complaint has been
directed to the charge that local forces
do not maintain law and order. In this
case the entire pattern has been within
the processes of the law, according to the
statutes, and action through duly con-
stituted authority.
If that is not protection through local
government and self-government and
representative government and free gov-
ernment, I do not know where we can
turn for an example of it.
I warn the people of this Nation
against taking a superficial and surface
impression, artificially created. They
should look to the facts and determine
the real issues and to get down to the
heart of the problem.
Instead of condemning, we should
commend. I believe that the filing of
suits of injunction against all the officers
is an Invitation to violence and an in-
vitation for some group outside the law
to act for themselves.
I hope that this matter will be recon-
sidered. In the meantime I urge the
people of the city of Greenwood and the
county of Leflore, through their officials,
to stand their ground and continue, of
course, to follow their course as In the
past.
Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. STENNIS. I em glad to yield to
my colleague from Mississippi.
Mr. EASTLAND. As my colleague
realizes, there has been no allegation
that an attempt has been made to pre-
vent people from registering.
Mr. STENNIS. The Senator is cor-
rect. I have not had an opportunity to
read the bill of particulars in the suit
that has been filed. Perhaps the Sena-
tor has.
Mr. EASTLAND. There has been no
allegation of that kind; in fact, 300 per-
sons have applied to register in the past
few days. Those who are qualified will
be registered. There is no such conten-
tion as has been suggested. Outside agi-
tators from New York and other areas
talk to Negroes and say, "If you want to
get relief, if you want to get social se-
curity, if you want to get commodities,
come with us." Then they take them
In a body and parade them down the
street, demonstrating and stopping all
traffic, walking through red lights, and
being taken to the courthouse. The only
obstacle has been that they cannot dem-
eral judge. He is a man of firm conic- As is usual in such cases, once the
tions. He is resolute by nature. He has trouble starts these paid professional
the greatest professional pride and also agitators will be satisfied and will move
the highest judicial pride. He repre- on elsewhere to start new battles and
sents integrity on and off the bench. new tensions, leaving behind them the
As I have said, in hearing this mat- turmoil and unrest they were paid to
ter yesterday, on a temporary basis, create. Unfortunately, they also will
Judge Clayton very properly ruled that leave to the local people of both races
the request of the Justice Department the hopeless task of repairing the dam-
was not sufficient to "warrant trampling age and attempting to restore the peace-
on the rights" of these officials, and he f ul and harmonious cooperation between
refused to take any action pending a the races built up over the years.
full hearing on the merits on Thursday The people of Greenwood are not re-
of this week. sponsible for the situation in which they
In announcing his action, Judge Clay- find themselves. They have acted in
ton said: good faith, with -remarkable patience
I detest any action on the part of anyone and admirable restraint, under the most
which interferes in any way with any right extreme provocation.
of any person which is given and protected I am confident the duly constituted
by law. law enforcement officers of the city of
This includes the right to register and the
right to vote, provided the standards now Greenwood and Lefiore County will con-
rightfully established by the laws of the tinue to maintain law and order.
stets of Mississippi are met. To the degree ithat n t ,t Inge hpt In touch
is o deal.
the city of Greenwood. its officials and its added responsibility, anct nave umroruny annot violate the the ordinances of that
police officers and to the officers of Leflore obtained certain assurances which were er
County. supported by action from day to day city. When they reach the courthouse
Mayor Charles E. Sampson, of Green- I think the public will soon realize they can go to the clerk's office at any
wood, has rightfully announced his in- what is happening and will no longer time and make their application, as pro-
tention to keep law and order in Green- follow these schemes of publicity and vided by the laws of our State.
wood, Mayor Sampson and City Com- building up of false issues and the carry- Judge Clayton Is a great lawyer. I
missioners B. A. Hammond and W. G. ing out of such planned provocation. agree with my colleague that he is one
Mize, Jr., have done an outstanding job Instead of the Federal Government of the great judges of this country. against
Charl
, If
a
ampson, titi dealing with this most difficult situa- filing
ey ar igoinng to be the euatoall. they deredey service. Thes chef
on.
The chief of police, Curtis Lary, has ought to be standing side by side or at of police has done a good job. The city
ere is
w as made byt he no llea ion gnywheroothad n attempt
taken precautions to prevent breaches tern of Gtheir them to follow a t-
of the peace, , and and has repeatedly made a
essary in order to maintain law and
order under the most difficult circum-
stances and tremendous provocation.
The real issue Is whether unwanted
and unwelcome outside organizers, vote
peddlers and pressure groups will be per-
mitted to invade a peaceful community
for the sole purpose of creating turmoil
and disturbing the peace.
These professional troublemakers are
not interested hi Greenwood, In Lefiore
County, or in Mississippi. Nor are they
truly interested in the welfare of the
Negro citizens of that community. Nor
are they welcome or wanted by either
race. Their sole purpose Is to create
strife and discord and to overturn - the
peaceful and harmonious cooperation
among the people of the two races built
up over generations.
These people, representing the so-
called Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee, CORE, and other notorious
busybodies, had hardly parked their cars
in Greenwood before they were sending
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
menting Hungarian freedom fighters that it
would be fantastically foolhardy for them
to consider attacking the occupying Soviet
tanks with their bare fists and handmade
grenades. But they did. You couldn't have
prevented them. And despite the ultimate
repression, it was a revolt for freedom which
was worth all the bravery that went into
it. Hungary is better off today for it.
Admittedly there are risks for the United
States in the Cuban hit-and-run raids.
Castro might sink an American boat in a
spasm of anger. But might it not be better
to deal with such an incident than to say
that the Cuban freedom fighters must not
decide how they shall fight for their freedom?
The administration has said it "will not
be content until the last of Soviet forces are
withdrawn from Cuban soil." It can be
honestly argued that the refugee raids may
provide an excuse for Moscow to keep Soviet
troops in Cuba. The opposite may be nearer
the truth. Is it likely that finding things
calm in Cuba will provide any incentive for
Khrushchev to call his troops home?
In 1960 Mr. Kennedy proposed that we
would do more to help the Cuban resisters
both inside and outside Cuba. Now that
the refugees are regaining their morale after
the Bay of Pigs, it seems ironic, at the very
least, that the United States should send the
FBI and the Coast Guard after them.
Telling the Cuban resisters what not to
do isn't going to further the cause of a free
Cuba. If the administration is convinced
that the Cuban refugees are doing it wrong,
then at the very least it should be making
suggestions and helping them to do it right.
THE SITUATION IN GREENWOOD,
MISS.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Arizona yield, provided he
does not lose the floor?
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I
yield to the Senator from New York, with
the understanding that I do no., lose the
floor.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I have
been informed that while I was at lunch,
the distinguished junior Senator from
Mississippi [Mr. STENNISI made a state-
ment on the Senate floor which at least
brings into question the propriety of the
action taken by the Attorney General of
the United States in connection with the
situation in Greenwood, Lefiore County,
Miss., where the United States is seek-
ing to enjoin local authorities from
interfering with a petition by the local
citizenry-Negroes, to be precise-for the
redress of grievances,
I express my approval of the action
of the Attorney General in instituting
the suit. I think it was his manifest
duty to do so, in view of the fact that
constitutional rights are brought into
question, including the right of petition
for the redress of grievances by consti-
tuted authorities. I approve very much
of the Attorney General's taking this
action.
As a matter of general principle, I have,
very deep faith in the processes of the
law, and the courts. I have argued this
point before, and I do so again. In the
face of situations which have such in-
cendiary possibilities as In this partic-
ular area about which the press has
written so much, the chances will be very
much better for the processes of order
and tranquillity If an individual citizen
feels that tongue may be given for his
grievances through the courts, and that
there is a possibility' of redress.-
The Attorney General is in this civil
injunction suit proceeding under section
1971 of title 42 of the United States Code,
which was part of the Civil Rights Act
of 1957. The important thing, which I
wish to emphasize, is that here is an out-
let, here is a substitute for either the
effort which the marchers are making or
the efforts to stop them which are being
made by the police and other municipal
authorities. In an area where there are
the, r aw materials of violence, the capa-
bility of the courts to act in situations of
this kind is designed to head them off and
to give, as I say, an outlet, a tongue, to
every man's grievance.
Therefore, I have always favored
strongly the so-called part III in regard
to civil rights, so that the Attorney Gen-
eral might sue in representative cases;
and I feel very deeply that this is the way
to save ourselves from the dangers in-
volved in such situations-dangers which
we have already seen erupt into violence,
not only like that which occurred at Ox-
ford, Miss., where marshals and troops
are employed, but also the danger in-
volved when people are fired ?on while
they are in their homes and the danger
involved when buildings are burned.
This is no tea party. This situation is
very, very dangerous, in terms of the fu-
ture of the Nation. So anything we can
do to give it a peaceful outlet-and I
think recourse to the courts is the most
logical and most desirable procedure-we
should encourage.
Although I respect, and indeed would
fight for, the right of the Senator from
Mississippi to say whatever he believes he
should say, I also feel it my duty to jux-
tapose to the general thrust of the state-
ment of the Senator from Mississippi-
as I understand it from what I have been
told by my assistants who heard him
make it-this statement of my own posi-
tion.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I
should like to say. to the Senator from
New York that, if I correctly understood
him, I am glad he did not substantially
contradict the facts I related in regard
to the registration-in other words, that
the applications were being received and
were being passed on, without denying
any person the right to file his applica-
tion in an orderly way and to have it
passed on. The Senator from New York
does not know of any exception to that
general statement, does he?
Mr. JAVITS. I was addressing myself
to what we have read in the press about
the action of the police and other au-
thorities in blocking and breaking up any
march by a number of persons-for ex-
ample, on one day last week by a group
of some 100, and on another by a group
of some 42. It is claimed-and the
courts will try it out-that in the com-
munity there is a climate of intimida-
tion which runs counter to the funda-
mental provisions of the 1957 Civil Rights
Act which prohibit Interference with any
effort to register and to vote. I say to
the Senator from Mississippi that the
courts will decide as to that.
5097
For myself, I believe that the path of
constitutional propriety is to permit
people to march peaceably in order to
petition for redress of their grievances.
But the fundamental point I make
now is even more limited than that. I
only say that if we do not want vio-
lence-and I know of no Senator who
does want it-in my opinion, people must
have an outlet. So I think litigation of
this character is a proper and sensible
outlet; and I hope very much the Attor-
ney General will prosecute this suit with
speed and with diligence.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, let me
say that it would be one thing to bring
a suit if someone had been denied an
opportunity to file an application or to
take the examination or to register, or
even had protested and had been ar-
rested on that account, or if someone
wanted to test the legality of an arrest.
But this is a broadside lawsuit, in the
absence of an application by anyone to
have the law-enforcement machinery
used to enjoin such action. It has'not
been charged that there has been a
violation of anyone's right. It is to that
point that I addressed my remarks.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I only
say that when it appears that in a par-
ticular community it would be unhealthy
for some persons to register and to vote,
the U.S. Government has a right to take
action. In my opinion, those who at
least seemingly make the situation look
unhealthy have the burden to withdraw
such barriers.
So I think the Attorney General is
taking action in that situation; and I
am glad he is doing so by means of
action of that kind.
U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMA-
MENT AGENCY-PLAN WITH SO-
VIET UNION FOR RECIPROCAL
BURNING OF OBSOLETE BOMBERS
Mr: GOLDWATER. Mr. President, at
this time I see on the floor the Senator
from Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK]. There-
fore, I wish to refer now, briefly, to a
statement he made yesterday.
Mr. President, yesterday the Senator
from Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK], had a
number of remarks to make about my
efforts to get a straight story from the
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency on its plan with the Soviet
Union for the reciprocal burning of ob-
solete bombers. He charged me with
doing a "disservice to the cause of peace"
by implying that officials of the Disarm-
ament Agency are either guilty of crass
dishonesty or are being misunderstood
by newspaper reporters. He then went
on to make out a case for the fact that
the Disarmament Agency officials were
misunderstood by newspaper reporters.
Mr. President, the whole episode goes
back to March 9, when, in a speech I
made in Aurora, Ill., I- asked whether
it was true that plans were in the mak-
ing for the reciprocal "burning of 30
American B-47's and 30 Russian
Badgers, in a giant disarmament demon-
stration. On March 11, wire service
stories which appeared in the newspapers
reported:
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE - April 2
U.S. Disarmament ollIciala deny that any
plan has been shaped for reciprocal burn-
ing of bombers by the United States and
the Soviet Union.
Now let me quote the reference by the
Senator from Pennslyvania to the de-
nial story, in his remarks on the floor
yesterday. He said :
This story which appeared In the papers
on Monday, March 11, was based on tele-
phone conversations between reporters and
the Agency spokesman. These conversa-
tions took place on Sunday, March 10. On
Monday morning. March 11, the Agency rep-
resentative who spoke to the press the day
before felt after reading the morning papers
that his earlier comments to the newspaper
correspondents evidently had not been clearly
understood. To clarify any misunderstand-
ing the agency at noon that day released
the following statement through the State
Department.
The statement referred to by the Sen-
ator from Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK I Was
that the Disarmament Agency had been
engaged in several internal studies, and
that among them was the possibility of
a simultaneous reduction of B-47's and
Russian Badgers.
Before I proceed, Mr. President, let
me quote from a press release which the
Senator from Pennsylvania issued yes-
terday in support of his remarks on the
floor. Here is what it said, in part:
It is a disservice to the cause of peace to
imply that honorable men patriotically and
intelligently serving their country are either
guilty of crass dishonesty or are being mis-
understood by reporters. Neither charge Is
true. The first suggestion Is Inaccurate;
the second, just plain wrong.
Mr. President, if my suggestion that
Disarmament officials are being misun-
derstood by reporters Is "just plain
wrong," as the Senator from Pennsyl-
vania claimed, why is it necessary for
him to defend the denial story which was
based on the conversations with the Dis-
armament official? Why Is it necessary
for the Senator from Pennsylvania to
point out that, after reading the news-
papers, the Disarmament official decided
that he had not been clearly under-
stood?
Another point I should like to raise
right here is that if-as the Senator from
Pennsylvania contended-the Disarma-
ment official hastened to issue a state-
ment clarifying the situation at noon on
March 11, why did the press release re-
ferred to carry the date of March 12?
Could it be that the testimony of Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk before the Sen-
ate Foreign Relations Committee on
March I1'prodded the Disarmament offi-
cial to issue a clarification on March 12?
In that testimony, Secretary Rusk told
the committee that the bomber-destruc-
tion plan had been under study and con-
sideration, and that the stories about a
denial from the Disarmament Agency
must have stemmed from a misunder-
standing.
Another point made in the press re-
lease by the Senator from Pennsylvania
was that the Disarmament Agency told
the truth, the whole truth, and nothing
but the truth about the bomber-destruc-
tion plan. This raises several questions.
First. If the Disarmament Agency had
told the whole truth-Including the fact
that the bomber-destruction plan about
which I inquired had been under dis-
cussion-Is it likely that competent news-
papermen would have been so lacking in
understanding that they would have
taken that statement to be a flat denial
of the plan?
Second. Why did it take the Disarm,
ament Agency 3 days to tell the whole
truth?
I submit that the fact remains that I
asked a perfectly legitimate question,
based on solid information; and the Dis-
armament Agency answered it In a
fashion that caused most newspapers in
the United States to publish headlines to
the effect that the Government had de-
nied the existence of a bomber-destruc-
tion plan. The fact also remains
that the Disarmament Agency apparent-
ly did not get around to trying to cor-
rect this Impression until after Secretary
of'State Rusk had testified that the de-
nial story was erroneous. With the flow
of news being what it is today, of course,
the Agency's clarification never saw the
light of day In any newspaper I read.
So the public was left with the Impres-
sion that the question I had put to the
administration had no basis in fact. I
say this-was as neat an operation In
news management-whether wittingly or
unwittingly-as any I have witnessed
since the New Frontier came into office.
Mr. President. I ask unanimous con-
sent at this time to place in the RECORD
two newspaper stories, one from the
Washington Post of March 11, 1963, en-
titled "Plan To Burn 30 Bombers Hotly
Denied," and the other from the Wash-
ington Star of the same date, entitled
"Administration Denies Bomber-Burn-
ing Plan."
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington Post, Mar. 11, 1963]
PLAN To BURN 30 BoMstncs HOTLY DENIED
U.S. disarmament officials dented yester-
day that any plan has been shaped for re-
ciprocal burning of bombers by the United
States and the Soviet Union.
The disavowal of such plans came as a
result of a speech given in Illinois Saturday
by Senator BARRY GOLDWATER, of Arizona, a
spokesman for Republican conservatism and
a frequent critic of U.S. disarmament nego-
tiations.
GOLDWATER asked, "Is it, true that there are
plans In the making to give up 30 of our
B--47 bombers along with 30 Russian Badg-
ers-that there then would be a gigantic
bonfire In which all these weapons would be
destroyed for the benefit of mankind?"
GOLDWATFR said, "I have beard that the
administration Is seriously considering a
pool with Russia to destroy weapons. item
for Item." He added this would be "stupid
(and) ridiculous."
A spokesman for the U.S. Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency said he is puz-
zled by GOLDWATER's reference to 30 bombers
and hazarded a guess that the Senator might
have been confusing it with the figures in a
proposed general disarmament treaty sug-
gested by the United States at Geneva last
summer.
That draft called for mutual destruction
of 30 percent of all basic weapons in the first
phase of a move toward general and com-
plete disarmament.
The proposals never got anywhere and one
of the chief obstacles was, the spokesman
said, that while the Russians agreed that
there should be mutual inspection of the de-
struction of weapons, they rejected further
Inspection to determine what arms remained.
The U.S. position was that there could be
no destruction without the right of followup
inspection.
The spokesman said that in view of the
failure of this broad proposal, there has been
some internal discussion within the Govern-
ment of less ambitious programs as first steps
toward a general program which seems many
years away.
But, he said, none of these proposals has
even been agreed upon internally, let alone
offered to the Russians. He noted that de-
struction of 30 B-47's and 30 Badgers would
be no more than a token gesture, In any
event, since there are many hundreds of
each type In service.
[From the Washington Star, Mar. 11, 1963]
ADMINISTRATION DENIES BOMBER-BURNING
PLAN
U.S. disarmament officials deny that any
plan has been shaped for reciprocal burning
of bombers by the United States and the
Soviet Union.
The disavowal of such plans came as a re-
sult of a speech given in Illinois Saturday by
Senator GOLDWATER of Arizona, a spokesman
for Republican conservatism and a frequent
critic of U.B. disarmament negotiations.
Senator GOLDWATER asked, "Is it true that
there are plans in the making to give up 30
of our B-47 bombers along with 30 Russian
Badgers-that there then would be a gigantic
bonfire in which all these weapons would be
destroyed for the benefit of mankind?"
GOLDWATER STATEMENT
Senator GOLDWATER said, "I have heard
that the administration Is seriously consid-
ering a pool with Russia to destroy weapons,
item for Item." He added this would be
"stupid (and) ridiculous."
A spokesman for the U.S. Arms Control
trol and Disarmament Agency said yesterday
he is puzzled by Senator GoI.DwATER's refer-
ence to 30 bombers and hazarded a guess
that the Senator might have been confusing
it with the figures in a proposed general dis-
armament treaty suggested by the United
States at Geneva last summer.
That draft called for mutual destruction
of 30 percent of all basic weapons in the first
phase of a move toward general and complete
disarmament.
The proposals never got anywhere and one
of the chief obstacles was, the spokesman
said, that while the Russians agreed that
there should be mutual inspection of the
destruction of weapons, they rejected fur-
ther inspection to determine what arms re-
mained. The U.S. position was that there
could be no destruction without the right
of followup Inspection.
INTERNAL DISCUSSION
The spokesman said that in view of the
failure of this broad proposal, there has been
some internal discussion within the Govern-
ment of less ambitious programs as first
steps toward a general program which seems
many years away.
But, he said, none of these proposals has
even been agreed upon internally, let alone
offered to the Russians. He noted that de-
struction of 30 B-47s and 30 Badgers-both
obsolescent bombers--would be no more than
a token gesture in any event since there are
many hundreds of each type In service.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. GOLDWATER. -I am happy to
yield to my friend from Pennsylvania.
Mr. CLARK. I listened with interest
to the comments made by my good friend
from Arizona. As a result of what he
has said, I should like to ask him whether
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5070
concern about,power rates. So now is the
time to move, full speed.
III. GOON THE PUBLIC-INTEREST QFT'ENSIVE-
FULL SPEED
I have suggested we. go on the offensive
full speed with a positive story, and I've
outlined some proven techniques. I have
suggested we recruit all possible allies in a
broad program of assisting not only our-
selves but electric consumers of the cities
too, and I have suggested how it might be
done. Now I suggest we go on the offensive
to reverse or reform certain trends and prac-
tices of the Nation's power industry that
are not in the public interest.
I believe it's in the public interest for the
rural electrics to have legal protection
against these territorial raids, whether they
be in the form of a.sellout or piracy of
individual loads. In several States you have
demonstrated that some sort of protective,
fairplay legislation can be passed. I rec-
ommend that, in every State where such pro-
tection does not exist, you move through
your statewide to achieve it and that you
give your statewide resources it needs to do
the job. If Idaho could do it-and Arkansas,
Wisconsin, Oklahoma, and other States-
then so can the rest of you who need It.
And I think the time has come, too, when
we should call on our lawyers and legisla-
tive experts to make further efforts to de-
termine what types of Federal territorial
protection, legislative and otherwise, are
possible.
In another area of the public interest, I
believe the consumer groups have a real
stake in joining us to get repeal of the vast
subsidies now flowing to the power com-
panies under the fast tax writeoff schemes,
including that absurd 3-percent tax credit
subsidy Congress gave the power companies
last year. Even the American Telephone &
Telegraph Co. testified against that one, al-
though It would have meant a $75 million
annual windfall for the company. A.T. & T.
said it would be.an outright subsidy for
something a utility was supposed to do
anyway.
But the power companies were right in
there fighting for it. They don't share such
concern for the taxpayer any more than they
do for the ratepayer.
I don't have to document to this audience
that REA, the Interior Department, the
Corps of Engineers, TVA, and the Federal
Power Commission are not all going in ex-
actly the same direction on matters affecting
us. We have become increasingly disturbed
by the actions of the' Federal Power Com-
mission.
The latest and most alarming is FPC's very
recent decision to declare the rural electric
co-ops to be public utilities and to exercise
jurisdiction over many G. & T. cooperatives
and some distribution systems. FPC's action
promises to give us all the disadvantages of
being public utilities without giving any of
the advantages. This action, unless reversed,
could throw us to the mercy of the power
companies and give them everything they've
sought against us but failed to get through
normal processes-prolonged public hearings
on our loans and wholesale rates, review and
appeal to the courts of every FPC decision
they don't like.
I believe it is now necessary and in the
public interest that the administration exert
more leadership and solidarity of purpose in
the Interest of an abundant supply of electric
power in the economy at low cost, for every
body. Somehow we have just got to help get
the various agencies of the administration
going in the same direction-the right direc-
tion-on power.
The President of the United States has
called several White House conferences to
get people together and crystallize policy in
several other areas, such as recreation, con-
servation, and education.
You have.already made suggestions in this
direction, with.respect. to power, in the re-
gional meetings, even when the need was
less urgent. Therefore, in your behalf, I now
ask the President to call a White House con-
ference on electric energy at the earliest
possible time, to include. all sources of energy
and every "segment of electric power genera-
tion and distribution.
I won't dwell this morning on other as-
pects of our public interest legislative pro-
gram which we have explored together in the
past. Your policy is clear in support of re-
gional intertles and common carrier trans-
mission lines, and we will be in there fighting
for them. We will also do everything we pos-
sibly can to secure authorizations and funds
for the water resources development projects
which you support but which have not been
realized as yet.
In the session of Congress just begun, we
expect the hardest fight in years-even
tougher than last year--on REA loan funds,
particularly for generation and transmission.
And we must drive again, I believe, for the
loan account bookkeeping arrangement to
give us credit for the loan funds we repay.
Great battles lie ahead for us. Ever more
rapidly changing times make our chances
of continuing success more diflle/lit ekch
CURBING THE C BAN EXILES
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the RECORD a very good editorial from
the new Herald Tribune entitled "We
Have To Curb the Cuban Exiles."
Since my speech of yesterday urging
a strict enforcement of our laws against
the irresponsible conduct of Cuban ex-
iles, manifested thrjiugh their raids on
Cuban and Russian shipping from our
shores, I have received many calls and
messages agreeing completely with my
speech.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WE HAvx To CURB THE CUBAN EXILES
The dissatisfaction of the Cuban exiles
over U.S. Government efforts to curb their
raids by sea against Castro and his Russian
exiles is evident and understandable. To
them, anything that harasses communism in
the Caribbean is legitimate and necessary,
and many Americans sympathize with that
attitude and the actions that flow from it.
But the reasons why Washington is backing
its disapprobation of the raids with stringent
enforcement of American neutrality statutes
are sound and compelling.
The raids have not, and, under present
circumstances, cannot have any real effect in
weakening either Castro's hold on Cuba or
the Soviet Union's hold on Castro. They
are pinpricks. And while the same may be
said for anti-Castro guerrilla attacks in Cuba
itself, the raids are taking place at sea-
that is, In an area where policing becomes an
international, rather than a municipal, obli-
The law of the sea regarding military
activity by those who do not act under the
commission of a legal, recognized government
ie very ancient and very stern. To put no
finer point on It, such activity is piracy.
To be sure, in recent years there has been
a tendency to condone illegal acts committed
on the high seas (as well as in the air) when
these are politically motivated. The granting
of asylum by Brazil to the terrorists who
seized a Venezuelan freighter is a case in
point. But the trend is not a healthy one for
those who, travel by sea or In the interna-
tional. air on their lawful occasions. And in
the particular case of Cuba, seaborne raids
April 2
by exiles pose .a special danger to the United
States.
Some of those exiles undoubtedly would
like to precipitate an armed conflict between
the United.States and Castro's forces as the
surest way, in which to free Cuba. Some of
Castro's officers, if not the dictator himself,
are not averse to raising the temperature of
A he Caribbean in order to keep Russian troops
in the island and bring back the Soviet mis-
siles. And the Soviet Union itself, after
backing down on the missile question, might
well wish to assert itself on an issue in which
international law is on its side.
This could mean a succession of incidents
and reprisals In which the ,United States
might lose its freedom of action and be
forced into hostilities over acts as meaning-
less in themselves as the assassination of the
Archduke Franz Ferdinand that precipitated
World War I. That would be intolerable.
Surely Washington can acquire the Infor-
mation, as It has the means, to prevent a
type of anti-Castro activity that cannot
benefit the cause of a free America and could
set the world aflame.
EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN
Mrs. SMITH. Mr. President, my coi-
league, the distinguished junior Senator
from New York (Mr. KEATING] spoke
last Sunday evening, March 31, 1963,
before the opening dinner of the biennial
meeting of the B'nai B'rith Women at
the Statler-Hilton Hotel, Washington,
D.C.
In his remarks, Senator KEATING, one
of the Nation's most respected cham-
pions of equal rights, called for an end
of discrimination against women and
chronicled the increasingly important
role which women are playing in all
phases of our national life.
The B'nai B'rith Women have been
concerned throughout their history with
problems of equal rights and equal jus-
tice.
It was fitting that Senator KEATING,
with his magnificent record in this field,
should have been chosen to address
this outstanding organization.
His pertinent and eloquent remarks,
will be of interest to many Members of
the Senate, and I, therefore, ask unan-
imous consent to have them printed in
the RECORD. - - - - -
There being no objection, the remarks
were ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
SENATOR KEATING URGES PROGRESS IN ENDING
I)ISCRIMINATIONAGAINST WOMEN
It is appropriate, I feel, that your dynamic
organization should meet here in Washing-
ton. Washington is the old-fashioned town
meeting of America's years of birth and
growth-a town meeting magnified in size,
but unchanged in essence. Under the dome
of the Capitol, as under the roof of the old
town hall, the voice of the people is heard-
the will. Of the people is made manifest.,
This home of our National Government is
the heating heart of the body politic we call
our Republic,
It keeps in constant, unending flow, to the
remotest reaches of this vast Nation, the life-
blood of our historic traditions of freedom
acid human dignity. And just as the heart
takes its strength from the body, only to re-
turn it, so does government take its
strength from the body of citizens-180 mil-
lion Americans-who are America. Many
life forces flow into the mainstream of our
national life to create the surging power'of
that mainstream.
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role of the program in the future. That
role Includes more than just maintaining
good electric service in our own rural
areas. It includes exporting the REA
idea to other areas in the Western Hemi-
sphere.
In many Central and South American
countries rural development Is the most
promising bulwark against the growing
pressures of communism. It deserves our
full support.
I ask unanimous consent that there
be included in the RECORD the most in-
spiring address by a great American,
Clyde T. Ellis, general manager of the
National Rural Electric Cooperative As-
sociation.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FULL SPEED AHEAD
The theme of this meeting 1s: "Rural
Electrification-Important to America's
Strength."
This is the story we want to tell-more of
the future than of the past. We want the
Nation to be aware of the continuing, in-
creasingly important role our systems are
playing In the modern society.
I. RECAST THE IMAGE
I want to recommend to you-a program of
action, beyond anything we have done yet,
for getting us on the offensive with a posi-
tive living story. I want us to proudly hold
up our heads like men, roll up our sleeves
and get started full speed ahead. We must
recast the Image of rural electrification.
Too many people, even some of our friends,
think and talk of us In terms of the depres-
sion-day programs of the thirties. Too many
of its think and talk in terms of the dead
past. We recite our glorious success In light-
ing the darkness of rural America and vir-
tually Ignore the tremendous contribution
we are making now and will make to the
total strength of the Nation.
We shall be judged now and In the future.
not on what we have done, but on what we
are doing today and shall do tomorrow.
What we're doing today
What are we doing today? We are serving
10 percent of the population and perhaps
over three-fourths of the landmass of the
country-the difficult part.
We are serving the breadbasket of the
world, and partly because of our service the
American farmer produces more food of
higher quality at lower prices to consumers
than any farmer anywhere in all of history.
We are serving more than 80.000 rural
schools and churches.
We are employing directly more than 28,000
people with an annual payroll of more than
$140 million, and much of this employment
is right in the middle of some of the most
depressed areas In America, where employ-
ment and income really count.
We are providing a yardstick for determin-
ing what electricity should cost, and every
electric consumer in America benefits from
that.
And because we are extending the benefits
of electricity to so many millions of people,
we have created a new billion-dollar-a-year
market, still growing, for electric appliances
and equipment. Most of this is made In
the cities and gives jobs to city people, and
to those in all the related fields of mining,
transportation, and marketing.
All this that we are doing is new, a com-
pletely new sector of the economy.
We are serving directly hundreds of de-
fense Installations, all vital to the security
of this Natlon-missile bases of all types,
missile and satellite tracking stations, radar
and navigation control stations, even In the
remotest areas-that help protect all
America.
Throughout the United States we are tak-
ing the lead in rural areas development
projects, just as we took the lead In getting
the area development programs established.
Rural areas development and the Area Re-
development Administration have already
achieved remarkable success and they're just
getting started.
There Is something more here, too--in our
rural electric program-something which In
the longer reach of history may be even
more Important than our tangible accom-
plishments. We are extending the coopera-
tive, private ownership of electric systems
to more than 5 million American house-
holds. Every consumer member of a rural
electric system and every citizen of a local
power district has one vote In the conduct
of Its affairs and the establishment of Its
policies. This is democracy at Its finest,
and this is the cause which America seeks
to carry to the other nations of the world.
The REA pattern
In the highest Government circles In
Washington this Is becoming known as the
REA pattern. As you know, we are being
asked by the Agency for International De-
velopment (AID) of the State Department to
lend our experience and know-how to the
task of helping the critically Important
developing countries establish rural electri-
fication cooperatives of their own.
Last November National Rural Electric Co-
operative Association and AID signed a
reimbursable agreement in President
Kennedy's office whereby National Rural
Electric Cooperative Association is coordinat-
ing your efforts in this area. On that occa-
sion, the President was highly complimentary
of you and the rural electrification program
as it is being carried out In this country
and as you will now help others, and he
'mderscored Its imptrrtance to the Nation by
saying. "I think this can be very important,
In fact, one of the most significant actions
taken by the AID agency,"
For our part, all of us are proud, as Amer-
leans, that the country Is turning to our pro-
gram in a time of crisis as a significant
weapon for democracy in the worldwide
struggle with communism.
All of these, and many others, are things
rural electric systems are doing today. The
rural eiectricts are dynamic organizations,
geared to the needs of the present in their
own communities and responsive to the needs
of the United States of America.
And they are ready, willing and able to go
full speed ahead to meet the needs and chal-
lenges of tomorrow. They are prepared to
serve their areas completely-and I mean
provide the leadership and serve anything
and everything that needs serving In those
areas.
U. DEVELOP ALLIES
The second part of the program I want to
present to you this morning deals with de-
veloping allies among other consumer groups.
We've given lip service to this In the past,
but unfortunately little has been done be-
yond the valuable work performed constant-
ly through ECIC-the Electric Consumers
Information CommitteeIn Washington,
If our program Is to go full speed ahead, we
must take other action now, to develop and
hold all possible allies. To do this, we must
identify ?ur interests with those of consum-
ers everywhere In a positive manner, urban
as well as rural. To get and keep consumer,
support in the urban areas we must join
with all loyal organized consumer groups In
a drive against high electric rates everywhere.
The desire for ipw cost electricity Is some-
thing we share with all other consumer-
oriented groups. We must take to them the
story of the ridiculous padding that goes
into the rate base of the cost-plus power
company operations.
I recommend that every system and state-
wide take steps to establish a local and State
counterpart of our national Electric Con-
sumers Information Committee, now. This
will provide a vehicle for bringing together
on a local and statewide basis all consumer
groups which have a natural Interest in low
cost power. This has-already been done with
some success In a few States. National Ru-
ral Electric Cooperative Association and the
national Electric Consumers Information
Committee are ready to assist all of you with
any organizational details.
Electric consumers are being overcharged
by well over a billion dollars a year by the
monopoly power companies, and next to
nothing Is ever done about it. Under our
present system.of regulation, next to nothing
can be done about it.
Our economists have compared the allow-
able rate of return for 38 large electric util-
ities with their actual rate of return between
1958 and 1960, Inclusively. They calculate
the total overcharge by just these companies
during this 5-year period at $1,259,043,000-
and this is only part of It. Incidentally, It
the people of Nevada are Interested, the total
overcharge during this period by the Nevada
Power Co. is calculated at $8,290,000-assum-
Ing that 6 percent Is a fair rate of return. No
wonder it can afford to build spite lines In
the desert to try to kill Amargosa.
Here Is how It works. A rate, usually sug-
gested by the power company, is fixed by a
regulatory commission which Is supposed
to give the company a certain rate of return,
or profit, over and above all operating costs
and taxes. But almost always the company
gets the rates fixed so high that it earns
considerably more than the allowable rate
of return.
Most commissions are in effect powerless
to do anything about this. The company
keeps it.
I propose that we join with other consumer
organizations In demanding a congressional
Investigation of power company overcharges,
and in supporting State and Federal legisla-
tion to give commissions the power to make
them do it-make them In some way return
these overcharges to their consumers.
This might be done in part by an amend-
ment to the Federal Power Act to provide
that all earnings in excess of a fair rate of
return must be used in the public interests
as provided by the commission. This would
require the Federal Power Commission to
check Into power company earnings each
year. Such an FPC amendment could apply,
of course, only to interstate and wholesale
power sales. State commissions need similar
legislation to cover retail sales.
If a commission should find it not feasible
to require a company to actually return the
excess to each consumer-though this would
be the most desirable-then the commission
might treat the excess profits as capital con-
tributed by the consumer, and deduct them
from the rate base. This would help bring
about a reduction in rates, including whole-
sale rates to rural electrics.
Now is an excellent time to call for a con-
gressional Investigation and to try for reform
legislation. There is mounting evidence that
consumers are beginning to rebel against high
electric rates. In November, the Boston
Herald demanded editorially that the new
Governor of Massachusetts do something
about the high power rates In New England.
A few weeks later a group of industrialists
In New York City charged publicly that in-
dustrial expansion there is being and would
be seriously slowed unless the wall of un-
reasonable power rates is lowered as soon as
possible.
As people everywhere constantly use more
power In their homes and businesses'anti
Industries, as people realize that power is a
rapidly growing cost factor In everything
they consume, I predict a rising interest and
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