CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240076-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 76
• Publication Date: December 4, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

-22090
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE December 4
10-1114 states, "it shall be unlawful after i
May 1, 1933, for any member of any govern-
Ing body of any municipality to knowingly
vote for or in any manner aid or promote the
passage or adoption of any order, motion,
ordinance, resolution, legislation or other act
of said governing body, creating an indebted-
ness in excess of the amount of funds ac-
tually on hand in the treasury of such mu-
nicipality at the time for such purpose, or to
knowingly vote for the drawing of any order,
warrant or check, or other evidence of such
indebtedness on the treasury of said munici-
pality, in payment of such indebtedness, in
excess of the amount of funds actually on
hand in the treasury at the time for such
purpose."
2. The 177 Kansas public schools, which
last year filed applications for financial as-
sistance for current expenditures for public
schools in areas affected by Federal activities
under Public Law 874 (81st Cong.), as amend-
ed, are under the Kansas cash basis law and
Inany of these school districts have esti-
mated the Federal funds as a portion of their
budget. Unless this law is extended in the
near future, a number of school districts such
as Leavenworth, Junction City, Salina,
Wichita, Derby, Washburn Rural High
School, and Pauline Common School District
will be facing financial shortages in the op-
erational funds.
3. It has been estimated in Kansas, based
on the application, filed by the federally
affected schools, that their entitlements for
the school year 1962-83 will be $6,173,421.43.
Unless Public Law 874 is extended in the
near future and money appropriated to pro-
vide financial assistance for those local edu-
cational agencies upon which the United
States has placed financial burdens, some
of these schools will of necessity need to
change their program and thus shortchange
the students attending those schools.
Sincerely yours,
ADEL F. THROCKMORTON,
State Superintendent of Public
Instruction.
SALINA, KANS.,
November 23, 1963.
Senator JAMES PEARSON,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
The Salina Board of Education strongly
endorses Senate bill 2304 which we under-
stand provides for an extension of House bill
874 for 3 years. As you well know Kansas
operates under the cash basis law. In the
budget for the present school year 1963-64
the Salina School District anticipated receiv-
ing $450,000 for operating expenses under the
provisions of Public Law 874. Unless these
funds are forthcoming as anticipated the
Salina School District will face a critical fi-
nancial situation. We are certain that many
other federally impacted school districts will
face similar critical financial positions unless
this important legislation is enacted before
many more days. We appreciate very much
the assistance of you and Senator CARLSON in
this - tremendously important legislation.
KENNETH RYAN,
President, Board of Education.
W. M. OSTENBERG,
Superintendent of Schools.
JUNCTION CITY SCHOOLS,
Junction City, Kans., November 27, 1963.
Senator JAMES PEARSON,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR PEARSON:The copy of the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, November 14, 1963,
showing your remarks concerning S. 2304 has
reached my office.
You have stated expertly the budget and
cash problems which our school and Kansas
Federal impact schools face because of the
delay in extension of Public Law 874 and
delay in appropriations thereto.
We do so appreciate your taking this step.
We trust that enactment of this bill can
come quickly.
Sincerely yours,
HAROLD DEEVER,
Superintendent of Schools.
JUNCTION CITY, KANS.,
November 23. 1963.
Senator JAMES PEARSON,
Washington, D.C.:
We appreciate your support 9f S. 2302. Our
budget is crippled due the uncertainty of the
Federal impact revenue. We will soon be at
the desperation point for cash on hand. Al-
though we have survived the low cash plight
to this date we are in a severe condition
budgetwise until passage of the extension
of Public Law 874.
HAROLD DEEVERS,
Superintendent of Schools.
Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, I
would urge that the Senate Committee
on Labor and Public Welfare proceed
with consideration of the impacted aid
legislation in order that the Senate might
act on it immediately. Last week, a
number of Members of the Senate joined
in the sponsoring of S. 2304, which would
serve this purpose. While I joined in co-
sponsoring this bill, I am not wedded to
it specifically if the committee desires to
use some other vehicle. I would simply
urge that some action be taken as quickly
as possible. \.T,
CUBA
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I wish
to join in the plea made yesterday to
the emergency meeting of the Organi-
zation of American States in the name
of President Romulo Betancourt of
Venezuela calling for more drastic action
on Cuba than has heretofore been taken
in the Western Hemisphere. This is the
act which people who have my point of
view have been waiting for-in short,
collective action by the nations of the
Western Hemisphere with respect to
Cuba in essential self-defense, which the
events in Venezuela have shown are
completely justified against Premier Cas-
tro and the Communist regime in Cuba.
I hope that Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and
Mexico-the countries which continue
to maintain diplomatic relations with
Cuba-may now see clearly that they
are out of step with the demands of se-
curity and with the position of the over-
whelming majority of the nations in the
Organization of American States.
Let us remember that the Organiza-
tion of American States may act, under
the respective treaties to which the
United States is a party and to which
all the Latin American countries are
parties, by authority of 75 percent of its
membership; and may take any action,
including a military and naval blockade,
in terms of securing the peace of the
Western Hemisphere.
I have urged before, and I urge again,
that President Johnson give considera-
tion to throwing the United States be-
hind this policy. Though we like to see
the other countries in the Americas carry
the ball, I believe this is a case in which
we know quite well that if any action
such as President Betancourt recom-
mends is to be taken it will depend heav-
ily on us.
I believe that the Soviet Union, which
has heretofore made threats with respect
to similar action on Cuba, will under-
stand the meaning of self-defense and
security, if the facts prove it necessary-
and they are clearly indicated, for Castro
has been engaged in actually seeking to
subvert by force the nations of the
Americas.
So for the first time, the door is open
for collective American action, which is
the way it can and should be done, fully
in the tradition of the Americas and of
the American system.
My colleague [Mr. KEATING] spoke on
this subject today. It is a subject in
which he has taken an outstanding and
distinguished leadership. What has en-
sued in this situation now bears out a
great deal of what has been debated,
discussed, and proposed to our Nation.
The PRESIDING OF'F'ICER. The
time of the Senator from New York has
expired.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that I may proceed
for 1 additional minute.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it Is so ordered.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, for peo-
ple of a liberal point of view in interna-
tional affairs, like myself, the door is now
open to collective American action with
respect to the threat of Cuba to the
security of Americans. I hope our Pres-
ident and our Nation will keep the door
open, will go through it, and fully sup-
port what President Betancourt has
asked; and that the other nations of the
Americas will finally rally in terms of
their own security and interest to the
need for this type of action. I ask unan-
imous consent to have printed in the
RECORD. with my remarks the report by
Henry Raymont entitled "OAS To Ex-
amine Caracas Charges Against Ha-
vana," which appeared in the New York
Times, December 4.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York (N.Y.) Times, Dec. 4,
1963]
OAS To EXAMINE CARACAS CHARGES AGAINST
HAVANA-INQUIRY ON ACCUSATION THAT
CUBA FOMENTS TERRORISM IS VOTED BY 16
TO O-BETANCOURT ASKS CURB-HEMISPHERE
ACTION. AGAINST SUBVERSION FAVORED AT
EMERGENCY MEETING
(By Henry Raymont)
WASHINGTON, December 3.-The Organiza-
tion of American States voted today to in-
vestigate charges that Cuba had smuggled
arms into Venezuela to foster terrorism as
part of a campaign to subvert democracy in
Latin America.
The Organization's council, at an emergen-
cy session, decided by a 16-to-0 vote, with
one abstention, to set in motion the ma-
chinery of the Inter-American Treaty of Re-
ciprocal Assistance to deal with the Ven-
ezuelan accusation.
Under the pact, known as the Rio Treaty,
a country guilty of aggressive intervention
in the affairs of a member state can be sub-
jected to far-ranging collective sanctions, in-
cluding.the use of armed force.
FEAR OF EAST-WEST CONFLICT
Although the immediate issue was alleged
Cuban arms shipments to Venezuelan ter-
rorists, several delegates served notice during
the 2-hour meeting that they wanted firm
action against the broader threat of sub-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 22089-
similarly equipped individual anywhere on
this or other planets.
Ultrahigh and microwave radio frequen-
cies, and the laser beams I mentioned ear-
lier, can provide the billions of channels
necessary for such personal communications.
Private frequencies will then be assigned
in much the same manner that an individ-
ual today receives his personal telephone
number.
The developments I have mentioned-and
others sure to emerge in the years ahead-
are not merely further technological ad-
vances. They are so fundamental that they
will alter the very structure of society and
compel each of us to readjust some of our
traditional concepts.
For example: We can expect that in time,
science and technology will make It possible
for our people to produce In 2 to 4 hours
a day, what is necessary to supply our own
needs.
However, beyond these, there will be other
growing needs: to expand world trade; to
adjust to the Inevitable growth of automa-
tion, at home and abroad; to occupy the
additional leisure hours usefully. These are
problems that will challenge our imagine-
tion and command our best efforts.
But, these problems need not dismay us.
On the contrary, they should be regarded
as God-given opportunities for further prog-
ress that can add meaning, grace, and dignity
to life for all mankind.
Since man's earliest groupings by family
and clan, a basic cause of conflict has been
lack of knowledge-an Ignorance of strange
people and strange things and the fears that
it breeds. In primitive tongues, the word
"stranger" was synonymous with "enemy."
Other causes were disparity of resources and
greed for their possession-haves against
have-nots; neighbor coveting neighbor's
goods. Today, the gifts of abundance In-
herent in science and technology, if used
wisely, can bring relief and new hope to
the have-not countries which have known
only hunger, poverty, disease, and despair.
It can thus remove one of the major causes
of human friction and war.
I do not suggest that scientific maturity
will suddenly transform mankind. Tech-
nological progress will inevitably create new
problems, and the scientist alone cannot be
expected to provide all the solutions. To
adapt the words of Clemenceau that "war
is much too serious a matter to be left to
the generals." science is much too serious
a matter to be left to the scientists. It In-
volves the critical questions of disarmament
and controls, peace or war; the size and
purpose of the national budget; the sources
of our livelihood and our manner of living;
indeed the destiny of our civilization.
Not to recognize the basic forces of sci-
ence and their titanic Impact upon society.
is to invite comparison with Aristotle's re-
sponse when he was asked how much edu-
cated men were superior to the uneducated.
"As much," he said, "as the living are to
the dead."
At the meeting of the board of governors
of Hebrew University in Jerusalem last year,
Abba Eban, now Israel's distinguished
Deputy Prime Minister, pleaded for "Inven-
tiveness and innovation in the search for the
complete man, who is not humanistically il-
literate, and a humanist for whom scien-
tific truth is not a closed world." I join my
plea to Minister Eban's.
Modern man-especially the would-be
leader in society-has to be a culturally
integrated individual, familiar with the
sciences as well as the humanities. There
cannot be two isolated cultures for the sim-
ple reason that there is only one society in
which to live.
The statesman should have a better under-
standing of the sciences in order better to
comprehend the problems that confront him
across the conference table-problems that
will become Increasingly technological in
nature.
The lawyer has need of education in the
sciences because they have become a force
in the lives of both government and citizen,
forging new relationships between them.
Lawmakers and the courts that interpret and
apply the laws, likewise have need for an
understanding of the scientific forces shaping
our world.
Artists and musicians will find in science
new dimensions of space, sound, and theme.
Science is also a proper study for the the-
ologian. for religious revelation must be in-
terpreted in the light of enormously broad-
ened perspectives.
The ordinary citizen must know at least
something of science If he is to serve him-
self and his country effectively, and not
find himself an alien In a changed world.
I would propose that scientific and cultural
education begin with the earliest school
years and extend without interruption
through college and into the professional
schools. Specifically, courses In the social
sciences and humanities should be related
to the physical sciences. It seems to me
highly desirable that science Itself should
be studied as a social phenomenon because
of the great impact It has upon society.
In some areas, the process of scientific
integration already is well underway. We
see it at various levels of government, where
the scientist has become as familiar a figure
as the economist and the military specialist.
It would have been highly Improbable 45
years ago to find a scientist by the side of
Woodrow Wilson or Lloyd George. Yet In
World War II, Prime Minister Churchill
turned constantly to Lord Cherwell for scien-
tific advice, and only a few weeks ago. Lord
Hailsham, Minister of Science, was a prom-
inent candidate for Prime Minister of Great
Britain.
President Franklin Roosevelt had such dis-
tinguished scientific consultants as James B.
Conant, Vannevar Bush, and Karl Compton.
President Eisenhower created a post of Spe-
cial Presidential Assistant for Science and
Technology, and our late and distinguished
President Kennedy wisely continued to man
that post.
I have no more than suggested the possible
shape of some of the things to come. Of
this we can be certain: scientific realities
of tomorrow will surpass our vision of today.
The great challenge before all of us. Is to
make sure that the new knowledge and new
instrumentalities shall be used construc-
tively and not destructively. The powers of
science and technology are neither good nor
evil in themselves. Their capacity for good
or evil lies in the use we make of them.
The crux of man's dilemma as he faces the
future of change is this: While rapidly
learning how to master nature, he Is not
making comparable progress In learning how
to master himself.
Forty years ago Justice Louis Brandeis
wrote: "If we would guide by the light of
reason, we must let our minds be bold."
Forty years from now, if our children and
grandchildren are to reap the benefits of
science, we of this generation must reason-
ably evaluate the new forces at our disposal.
boldly Implement them, and guide them
wisely.
The Proverbs tell us: "Wisdom Is the
principal thing, therefore get wisdom, and
with all they getting, get understanding."
In the context of the multiple revolutions
promised by science, these words have never
seemed more valid and more pertinent.
And in the Indispensable search for wis-
dom the great universities of the world will
play a crucial role. The Hebrew University
assuredly is in this select company of insti-
tutions. Whether in the humanities or in
the sciences, it draws upon an ethical
heritage in which virtue is the central good,
and peace with justice the highest virtue.
That Is why I consider it a high privilege to
take part in the enterprise that has brought
us here tonight, heightened by the personal
satisfaction of seeing my friend Milton Han-
dier honored as he so richly deserves.
FEDERAL AID TO FEDERALLY IM-
PACTED SCHOOL DISTRICTS
Mr. PEARSON, Mr. President, I wish
again to call to the attention of the
Senate the grave problem which con-
fronts a very substantial number of
Kansas school districts as a result of the
failure of the Congress to approve legis-
lation extending Public Law 874 and
Public Law 815 providing Federal aid
for federally impacted school districts.
The Senate will recall that the exten-
sion of Federal impacted aid for school
districts is currently included in the
vocational education bill, H.R. 4955, now
in conference committee. Agreement on
this bill does not appear imminent. An-
other version of extension of this Fed-
eral program is currently tied up in the
House Rules Committee with no immedi-
ate prospects for House action.
Kansas schools face a unique and dif-
ficult problem because of the delay in
the extension of Public Law 874 In par-
ticular. Our local governments, includ-
ing our school districts, operate under
what is known as a "cash basis law."
This law, which was passed in 1933, pro-
hibits a governmental jurisdiction from
spending money which has not been
budgeted and from creating an indebted-
ness In excess of the amount of funds
actually on hand in the treasury.
Some 177 Kansas school districts have
budgeted over $6 million in Federal im-
pacted aid for their 1963-64 school year.
Their funds on hand from other sources
are reaching a low point and in a num-
ber of cases will soon be exhausted. Their
school operations are in danger of hav-
ing to be severely restricted. Other
State and local funds will be forthcom-
ing next year, but this does not relieve
the immediate problem which has been
created by the failure to receive impacted
aid on its normal schedule,
I ask unanimous consent to include
in the RECORD at this point several com-
munications from Kansas school districts
and one from the Kansas State Super-
intendent of Public Instruction setting
forth both the statewide and the local
problems created by the delay in action
on Public Law 874.
There being no objection, the com-
munications were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
KANSAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF
PueLIc INSTRUCTION,
Topeka, Kans., November 26, 1963.
The Honorable JAMES B. PEARSON,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR PEARSON: In behalf of the
State of Kansas, I want to commend you for
assisting in sponsorship of the Tower-Pear-
son bill S. 2304, providing for a 3-year exten-
sion of the impacted areas assistance pro-
gram.
We are especially anxious in Kansas for
the extension of Public Law 874, as amended,
for the following reasons:
1. The Kansas Legislature in 1933 passed a
cash basis law for all municipalities (G.S.
1983 supp., 10-1101-10-1122), a portion of
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
version instigated by the regimeof Premier
Fidel Castro.
[In Caracas, President Romulo Betancourt
called for a partial air and naval blockade
of Cuba to prevent arms exports.]
Mexico, indicating that Inter-American
measures against Cuba at this time might
set off a new East-West confrontation and
imperil world peace, cast the lone abstaining
vote.
Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, which like
Mexico still have diplomatic relations with
Cuba, voted in favor of considering the
charges after stressing that they were not
passing judgment on the merits. Bolivia
and Haiti were absent.
As a first step after voting to invoke the
treaty, the Council met as an organ of con-
sultation on behalf of the Western Hemi-
sphere's foreign ministers.
In this capacity, it designated an inter-
American commission to study Venezuela's
evidence. The vote on the commission again
was 16 in favor, with Mexico abstaining.
Brazil voted in favor of the inquiry after
demanding assurances that Cuba be given
an opportunity to present her case.
The Cuban Government, although it has
openly praised the Venezuelan terrorists,
denied having shipped arms to them.' In a
communique issued last night, Cuba's For-
eign Minister, Ral Roa, charged that the
arms cache, discovered some -weeks ago on
a Venezulean beach, had been placed there
by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.
Ilmar Penna Marinho, of Brazil, empha-
sizing the gravity of the Venezuelan charges,
suggesed that the factfindng commission
be admitted to Cuba as well as Venezuela.
The proposal caused considerable surprise
since the Castro regime has rejected every
attempt at international inspection either
by the United Nations or by the Organiza-
tion of Ameircan States, which excluded
Cuba because of her Communist ties in
January 1962.
Some diplomats here believed that an
outright Cuban refusal to cooperate In the
inquiry would make it easier for Brazil to
justify for home consumption severing her
ties with the Castro regime should such
action be requested by the inter-American
body.
Enrique Tejera, the Venezuelan delegate,
suggested that diplomatic and economic
sanctions would be the least his Govern-
ment would demand if the investigation
confirmed the evidence of Cuban Interven-
tion.
IMPARTIAL INQUIRY URGED
Tapping his desk with a.pencil to empha-
size his words and speaking in a slow, grave
voice, he declared:
"We want the Commission to carry out an
impartial, unhurried investigation. We agree
with Brazil that the other party must be
heard. But once all the evidence is in,
Venezuela will demand a clear and heavy
judgment, for it is no longer possible to
allow a member of the system of nations to
conspire against juridical institutions and to
plot criminal acts of violence."
Mr. Tejera displayed 21 photographs he
said were taken of the weapons. He also
offered laboratory evidence of partly erased
Cuban Army markings,
The envoy repeated his Government's
charges that 3 tons of arms were found on
an abandoned beach on Paraguana Penin-
sula, in northern Venezuela. Repeatedly he
likened the cache to the terrorist methods
used by the late Dominican dictator, Gen-
eralissimo Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina,
that led to precedent-setting sanctions
against the Dominican Republic In 1960.
Ward P. Allen, the acting U.S. representa-
tive, told the Council that his Government's
He warned that the Castro regime could
be expected to increase Its subversive efforts
as it faced increasing difficulties at home.
But he suggested that only on the basis of
the inter-American inquiry could the Coun-
cil decide "whether additional steps should
be taken" to increase the hemisphere's vigi-
lance against Cuba.
USE OF FORCE DOUBTED
Other North Americans discouraged specu-
lation about any imminent use of force
against the Cuban regime. They conveyed
the impression that President Johnson would
hardly welcome another world crisis over
Cuba at the outset of his administration.
The U.S. officials were also cool to Venezu-
elan suggestions that military measures
should be contemplated. Their feeling,
shared by most Latin American delegates,
was that the factfinding committee should
complete its investigation before such steps
were considered.
The Mexican delegate, in a brief state-
ment, urged the Council to be mindful that
"the principal mission of every regional or-
ganism is the contribution to the main-
tenance of peace."
A report tonight that President Betancourt
had proposed a sea and air blockade came as
a surprise to OAS delegates. They believed
that, despite today's show of unity, the Coun-
cil would vote against ? the measure if it
came up before the investigating Commission
completed its mission.
The Commission, appointed immediately
after the meeting by the new Chairman,
Juan Bautista de la Valle of Peru, will be
made up of Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica,
the United States, and Uruguay.
The Commission is expected to leave for
Venezuela this week.
[From the New York (N.Y.) Times,
Dec. 4, 19631
BLOCKADE OF 1962 RECALLED
CARACAS, VENEZUELA, December 3.-Presl-
dent Betancourt said today that he would
seek a partial naval and air blockade of Cuba
to prevent the export of arms to Latin Amer-
ica.
This was the strongest of the measures
the Venezuelan President said he was asking
of the hemisphere meeting in Washington.
He compared his proposal, which would in-
volve the participation of members of the
Organization of American States, to the
blockade laid around Cuba in October 1962,
to force the dismantling of the Soviet missile
bases.
Mr. Betancourt, who spoke quietly and
with apparent weariness, said foreign cor-
respondents here for the election Sunday had
overemphasized terrorism.
In response to a question he denied that
the government had political prisoners.
There are 200 to 400 Communist activists in
preventive detention, a constitutional proce-
dure, he said.
There are also "perhaps 100 terrorists
caught with bombs and self-confessed
slayers of policemen and military rebels serv-
ing sentences in jail," he added.
"You cannot speak of political prisoners
here," he said.
President Betancourt said he lamented the
kidnaping of Col. James K. Chenault, deputy
chief of the U.S. military mission. He said
that the police were searching for him. Colo-
nel Chenault was kidnaped 6 days ago by left-
ists terrorists.
REVISED PROCEDURES FOR CON-
VEYANCE OF CERTAIN LANDS TO
STATE OF HAWAII
technicians had verified the Cuban origin of Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
the arms found in Venezuela. ask unanimous consent that the Senate
No. 197-3
proceed to the consideration of Calendar
No. 655, S. 2275.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be stated by title for the information
of the Senate.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S.
2275) to revise the procedures estab-
lished by the Hawaii Statehood Act, Pub-
lic Law 86-3, for the conveyance of cer-
tain lands to the State of Hawaii, and
for other purposes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request by the Senator
from Montana?
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the bill, which was
ordered to be engrossed for a third read-
ing, was read the third time, and passed,
as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress. assembled, That (a) (I)
whenever after August 21, 1964, any of the
public lands and other public property as
defined in section 5(g) of Public Law 86-3
(73 Stat. 4, 6), or any lands acquired by the
Territory of Hawaii and its subdivisions,
which are the property of the United States
pursuant to section 5(c) or become the prop-
erty of the United States pursuant to section
5(d) of Public Law 86-3, except the lands
administered pursuant to the Act of August
25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended, and (ii)
whenever any of the lands of the United
States on Sand Island, including the reef
lands In connection therewith, in the city
and county of Honolulu, are determined to
be surplus property by the Administrator of
General Services (hereinafter referred to as
the "Administrator") with the concurrence
of the head of the department or agency ex-
ercising administration or control over such
lands and property, they shall be conveyed
to the State of Hawaii by the Administrator
subject to the provisions of this Act.
(b) Such lands and property shall be con-
veyed without monetary consideration, but
subject to such other terms and conditions
as the Administrator may prescribe: Pro-
vided, That, as a condition precedent to the
conveyance of such lands, the Administrator
shall require payment by the State of Hawaii
of the estimated fair market value, as deter-
mined by the Administrator, of any build-
ings, structures; and other improvements
erected and made on such lands after they
were set aside. In the event that the State
of Hawaii does not agree to any payment
prescribed by the Administrator, he may
remove, relocate, and otherwise dispose of
any such buildings, structures, and other
improvements under other applicable laws,
or if the Administrator determines that they
Cannot be removed without substantial dam-
age to them or the lands containing them,
he may dispose of them and the lands in-
volved under other applicable laws, but, in
such cases he shall pay to the State of Hawaii
that portion of any proceeds from such dis-
posal which he estimates to be equal to the
value of the lands involved. Nothing in this
section shall prevent the disposal by the
Administrator under other applicable laws of
the lands subject to conveyance to the State
of Hawaii under this section if the State of
Hawaii so chooses.
SEC. 2.. Any lands, property, improvements,
and proceeds conveyed or paid to the State
of Hawaii under section 1 of this Act shall
be considered a part of public trust estab-
lished by section 5(f) of Public Law 86-3,
and shall be subject to the terms and con-
ditions of that trust.
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, the Sen-
ate action today augurs well for the eco-
nomic future of the State of Hawaii.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE December 4
The speedy action testifies to the able
arguments presented by the State ad-
ministration, the democratic delegation
to Congress, and administration repre-
sentatives from the Federal Bureau of
the Budget.
I thank the Senator from Nevada I Mr.
BIBLE I, with whom I worked closely, and
the Public Lands Subcommittee of which
he is chairman, for this most expeditious
handling of the bill,
I know that I speak for Governor
Burns and Representatives Matsunaga
and Gill when I express my deepest
thanks to Dr. Harold Seidman and Mr.
Howard Schnoor of the Bureau of the
Budget. These two provided expert tech-
nical counsel which materially aided our
cause in the Senate hearings.
All of the people of the State of Hawaii
should feel extremely grateful for the
timely Senate passage, which eventually
will mean widened economic opportuni-
ties for all with the development of Sand
Island and the continued return of sur-
plus ceded land so crucially needed in the
islands.
PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S LAST
SPEECHES IN TEXAS, NOVEMBER
21 AND 22, 1963
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
on the last journey Into Texas by the
late President of the United States, the
beloved John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a
series of five major addresses were
planned by President Kennedy. Two
brief, unscheduled addresses were also
delivered.
The first address was delivered at dedi-
cation ceremonies for the Aerospace
Medical Health Center at San Antonio,
Tex., on Thursday afternoon, November
21. The second address was made In
Houston later Thursday, in the early
evening before the League of United
Latin American Citizens at the Rice
Hotel. It was brief and had not been
on the original schedule. The third ad-
dress was also in Houston at a testi-
monial banquet for Representative AL-
BERT THOMAS at the Coliseum Thursday
night, November 21. The great appreci-
ation banquet was in honor of Repre-
sentative ALBERT THOMAS for his 27 years
of effective service in the U.S. Congress.
prepared but undelivered at Dallas and
Austin be inserted at this point in the
RECORD, in the following order:
First. Remarks of the President at
dedication ceremonies, Aerospace Med-
ical Center, Brooks Air Force Base, Tex.,
November 21, 1963-as actually de-
livered. Remarks of the President at
same ceremony as prepared for delivery.
Second. Remarks of the President be-
fore the League of United Latin Ameri-
can Citizens, the Rice Hotel, Houston,
Tex., November 21, 1963.
Third. Remarks of the President at
testimonial dinner for Congressman AL-
BERT THOMAS, the Coliseum, Houston,
Tex., November 21, 1963.
Fourth. Remarks of the President be-
fore a citizens rally in front of the Texas
Hotel, Fort Worth, Tex., November 22,
1963.
Fifth. Remarks of the President before
the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce,
Texas Hotel, Fort Worth, Tex., November
22, 1963.
Sixth. Remarks by the President as
prepared for delivery to the Dallas Citi-
zens Council, the Dallas Assembly, and
the Graduate Research Center of the
Southwest, Trade Mart, Dallas, Tex.,
November 22, 1963.
Seventh. Remarks of the President as
prepared for delivery to the Texas Demo-
cratic State Committee, the Municipal
Auditorium, Austin, Tex., November 22,
1963.
There being no objection, the speeches
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT AT DEDICATION
CEREMONIES, AERO-SPACE MEDICAL HEALTH
CENTER, BROoxs AIR FORCE BASE, TEx.,
NOVEMBER 21, 1983 (As ACTUALLY DELIVERED)
Mr. Secretary, Governor, Mr. Vice Presi-
dent, Senator, Members of the Congress,
members of the military, ladies and gentle-
men, for more than 3 years I have spoken
about the New Frontier. This Is not a parti-
san term, and it is not the exclusive property
of Republicans or Democrats. It refers, in-
stead, to this Nation's place in history, to
the fact that we do stand on the edge of a
groat new era, with both crisis and oppor-
tunity, an era to be characterized by achive-
ment and by challenge. It is an era which
calls for action and for the best efforts of all
those who would test the unknown, and
the uncertain in phases of human endeavor.
It Is the time for pathflitders and pioneers.
On Friday morning, November 22, the building. I have come to Texas today to salute an
President made another short, unsched- Mr. President, In the six motorcade outstanding group of pioneers, the men who
uled address to a large crowd in an open rides in four Texas cities on November man the Brooks Air Force Base School of
square in front of the Texas Hotel at 21 and 22, President Kennedy had been Aerospace Medicineand the Aerospace Medi-
Fort Worth, followed by his main address seen by more than 10 percent of the cal Center. It is fitting that San Antonio
at a breakfast in Fort Worth sponsored should be the site of this center and this
entire population of the State. It was a school as we gather to dedicate this complex
by the Fort Worth Chamber of Com- warm, friendly enthusiastic greeting. -I of buildings. For this city has long been the
coerce. All of these five speeches were rode in each of those motorcades. I Saw home of the pioneers In the air. It was here
attended by thousands. the people exulting, cheering, waving, that Sidney Brooks, whose memory we honor
The speech that President Kennedy calling to the beloved and esteemed today. Charles was born and raised. and CI was Chen
had prepared for delivery for Friday President. More people in Texas had nault, and a host of others, who, in world
noon, November 22, at the vast Trade seen President Kennedy in these 2 days War I and World War II and Korea, and even
Mart in Dallas was undelivered, as the than had ever seen any one man on a today have helped demonstrate American
assassin's bullets snuffed out the Presi- similar visit to Texas before. President mastery of the skies, trained at Kelly Field
dent's life while the President's auto- and Mrs. Kennedy had traveled more and Randolph Field. which form a major
mobile in which he was traveling with than 65 miles In open motorcade In part of aviation history. And In the New
Mrs. Kennedy was about 4 minutes away Texas. Frontier of outer apace, while headlines may
in time from the Trade Mart. The Mr. President, because of the govern- be made by others in other places, history is
being made every day by the men and women
Dallas meeting was sponsored by three mental messages they carry, and the his- of the Aerospace Medical Center, without
nonpartisan groups. torte Interest In these last speeches by whom there could be no history.
The only political meeting as such that President Kennedy, I ask unanimous Many Americans make the mistake of as-
President Kennedy was to address in consent that the series of seven speeches sunning that space research has no values
Texas was a banquet sponsored by the by President Kennedy Including both here on earth, Nothing could be further
Texas State Democratic Executive Com- Fort Worth speeches, and the speeches from the truth. Just as the wartime devel-
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mittee, to have been held Friday night,
November 22, in my home city of Austin,
the State capital. A great welcome
awaited President Kennedy in Austin, a
welcome denied the people of Texas as
well as President and Mrs. Kennedy, by
the heartless acts of a murderous
assassin.
Mr. President, It was my honor and
privilege to travel to Texas with the
President and Mrs. Kennedy on the
Presidential jet on November 21 and 22
and to travel in all the motorcades. The
Vice President-now President-and
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson traveled on
another jet, but took part in all of the
meetings and motorcades.
At San Antonio, President and Mrs.
Kennedy went by motorcade from the
International Airport to the School of
Aerospace Medicine, through the heart
of San Antonio, and then on to Kelly
Field by motorcade, a total distance of
about 22 miles.
President Kennedy was seen by more
people than ever received any other pa-
rade for a person in San Antonio. At
Houston, the motorcade went from the
International Airport to the Rice Hotel.
Thursday night, on arrival at Carswell
Air Force Base, President and Mrs. Ken-
nedy again led an open motorcade the 15
miles to downtown Fort Worth. Though
this was about 11 o'clock at night, many
thousands of people met the President's
plane at Carswell, many thousands more
lined the roads and streets the 15 miles
to Fort Worth. Thousands more stood
outside the Texas Hotel at Fort Worth
or jammed the corridors and main lobby
to see the President.
On Friday morning, the 22d, many
additional thousands came out to line the
streets and roads to cheer the President
and Mrs. Kennedy on their 15-mile
motorcade route back to Carswell Air
Force Base. At Dallas at noon, hundreds
of thousands of friendly people massed
in dense throngs on every street to show
their love and affection for the Presi-
dent and Mrs. Kennedy. The President
had passed through all the downtown tall
building area and passed the last high-
rise building on the parade route, only
to be cut down from behind by rifle fire
byan assassin lurking in a dark corner
of the fifth floor of the last high-rise
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22086 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
13 and bear on the average of 6 to 8 children.
Married people must contribute to the con-
tinuation of the human race, but they are
entitled to some freedom of choice in the
matter."
"At this moment," she states, "one-third
of the world's people have a freedom of
choice, but over 2 billion do not, simply be-
cause they don't know that it's possible to
limit births. We've got to get the message
through to these people, or in a hundred
years humanity will drown in the ocean of
overpopulation."
"I think that here in this country," she
avers, "an ideal age for a girl to marry is
21."
Margaret Sanger, still irrepressibly peda-
gogic at 85, has spent most of her life bat-
tling segments of the state, the church, the
schools, the press, and society. She has fear-
lessly faced imprisonment, condemnation,
and ostracism. To many persons, both her
name and her views are still objectionable.
But in the eyes of many she has lived to be-
come a respected prophet in her own time.
DAVID LAWRENCE EDITORIAL ON
PRAYER
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, Ameri-
cans continuing to ponder the legality of
public prayer, in the light of recent Su-
preme Court decisions, were heartened
somewhat by official statements uttered
in observance of Thanksgiving.
The distinguished writer and philos-
opher, David Lawrence, has commented
on this confusion regarding public prayer
in an editorial published in the December
2d issue of the Washington Star:
The American people have been puzzled as
to whether anyone in the Government of the
United States may * * * ask people to pray
to God-
Said Mr. Lawrence.
It was therefore, rather significant to note
the frequent references to prayers to God
which have been made in public speeches
these last few days.
In his column, the writer quoted ex-
tensively from a Thanksgiving Proclama-
tion prepared by President Kennedy, as
well as from President Johnson's Novem-
ber 27 address delivered before the joint
session of Congress. Both statements
were replete with reference to God and
deity and our obeisance to the omnipo-
tent power which controls the destiny of
all of us.
Even the Supreme Court's Chief Jus-
tice implored God to "protect our Nation
in this hour of crisis," in commenting on
the assassination of President Kennedy.
Writer Lawrence concluded, and I cer-
tainly concur in his observance, "that
these numerous references to prayer
and to the deity are bound to be
regarded by many people as proof that
to mention God or to refer in public
speeches to prayer is not to be construed
as 'an establishment of religion' in a
sense in which the Constitution uses the
phrase."
Let us pray to God that such is the
case.
Mr. President,. I ask unanimous con-
sent to have this most heartwarming and
scholarly article printed in the RECORD at
this point, with my remarks. I recom-
mend it to the attention of my colleagues
and to the broad cross section of the
American public which daily receives the
RECORD. '
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
TRAGEDY AND PUBLIC PRAYERS-NEED SEEN To
IMBUE SCHOOLCHILDREN MORE DEEPLY WITH
THE GOLDEN RULE
(By David Lawrence)
For several months now, the American
people have been puzzled as to whether any-
one in the Government of the United States
may, on a formal or official occasion, ask
people to pray to God. In fact, ever since the
Supreme Court's decision which ruled that
public school teachers could not .be directed
by State or local governmental authorities
to use a particular prayer in the classroom,
there has been a question as to what mention
of the Supreme Being would be permissible
in official functions.
It is known, of course, that atheists have
been insisting that there should be no sem-
blance of religious worship in the public
schools, but many citizens who do believe in
God have assumed that the Supreme Court
sooner or later would clarify its position and
permit voluntary prayers in public schools.
It was, therefore, rather significant to note
the frequent references to prayers to God
which have been made in public speeches
these last few days.
In the address, for instance, which Presi-
dent Lyndon Johnson delivered before the
joint session of Congress on November 27,
he said:
"On this Thanksgiving eve, as we gather
together to ask the Lord's blessing and give
Him our thanks, let us unite in those familiar
and cherished words: 'America, America, God
shed His grace on thee, and crown thy good
with brotherhood from sea to shining sea.'"
In the Thanksgiving proclamation which
had been issued on November 4 to the Ameri-
can people, the late President Kennedy said:
"Over three centuries ago our forefathers
in Virginia and in Massachusetts far from
home in a lonely wilderness set aside a time
for Thanksgiving. On the appointed day,
they gave reverent thanks for their safety,
for the health of their children, for the
fertility of their fields, for the laws which
bound them together and for the faith
which united them under their God.
"So, too, when the Colonies achieved their
independence, our first President in the first
year of his first administration proclaimed
November 26, 1789, as 'a day of public
thanksgiving and prayer to be observed by
acknowledging with grateful hearts the many
signal favors of Almighty God' and called
upon the people of the new Republic to 'be-
seech Him to pardon our national and other
transgressions * * * to promote the knowl-
edge and practice of true religion and vir-
tue * * * and generally to grant unto all
mankind such a degree of temporal prosper-
ity as He alone knows to be best.'
* * *
"On that day (November 28) let us gather
in sanctuaries dedicated to worship ? and in
homes blessed by family affection to express
our gratitude for the glorious gifts of God;
and let us earnestly and humbly pray that
He will continue to guide and sustain us in
the great unfinished tasks of achieving peace,
justice, and understanding among all men
and all nations and of ending misery and suf-
fering wherever they exist."
On Thanksgiving Day, President Johnson
spoke over radio and television to the Amer-
ican people. He referred to Mr. Kennedy's
proclamation and said :
"Tonight, on this Thanksgiving, I come be-
fore you to ask your help, to ask your
strength, to ask your prayers that God may
guard this Republic and guide my every
labor.
* * * * *
"On this Thanksgiving Day, as we gather
in the warmth of our families, in the mutual
love and respect which we have for one an-
December 4
other, and as we bow our heads in submis-
sion to divine providence, let us also thank
God for the years that He gave us inspira-
tion through His servant, John F. Kennedy.
"Let us today renew our dedication to
the ideals that are American. Let us pray
for His divine wisdom in banishing from
our land any injustice or intolerance or op-
pression to any of our fellow Americans,
whatever their opinions, whatever the color
of their skins-for God made all of us, not
some of us, in His image. All of us, not just
some of us, are His children.
"And, finally, to you as your President, I
ask that you remember your country and
remember me each day in your prayers, and
I pledge to you the best within me to work
for a new American greatness, a new day
when peace is more secure, when justice is
more universal, when freedom is more strong
in every home of all mankind."
These numerous references to prayer and
to the Deity, coming as they do from the
highest official in the Government of the
United States, are bound to be regarded by
many people as proof that to mention God or
to refer in public speeches to prayer is not
to be construed as "an establishment of reli-
gion" in the sense in which the Constitution
uses the phrase. Indeed, there are many
citizens who feel that while prayers of any
kind can, of course, be said in the home or
in churches or in public meetings, the recent
trend which would banish any religious ex-
ercises in the public schools can only, in the
long run, mean that opportunities will be
missed to teach public school students the
foundations of morality and good behavior.
Chief Justice Warren, in his comment on
the assassination of President Kennedy,
declared it was "a result of the hatred and
bitterness that has been injected into the
life of our Nation by bigots." And he said
in conclusion, "May God protect our Nation
In this hour of crisis."
But while people generally will wish to see
hatred and bigotry eliminated from com-
munity life, they will also recognize that
such a utopian mood will not come about
unless schoolchildren, as well as grownups,
are more deeply imbued with the golden rule
mentioned in the Bible and the spirit of con-
ciliation which is so necessary to solve' the
troublous problems of a free republic.
STATE DEPARTMENT CONFIRMS v
KEATING REPORT ON FRENCH
AND BRITISH ACTIVITY IN CUBA
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, several
months ago I asked the Department of
State for a report on the activity of
French firms in Cuba. Informally, my
office was informed that the Department
of State had "no evidence" of French ac-
tivity in Cuba. In order to be of assist-
ance to them and make the information
I had available to other Government
sources, Isupplied the Department with
the name and address of the firm and
asked what confirmation the Depart-
ment had of these activities. Now, over
2 months later, the Department of State
confirms my original statement, first
made September 10, and offers some ad-
ditional information as to French and
British activities in Cuba.
In the light of continued Cuban ter-
rorist activities, particularly in Vene-
zuela, and in the light of continuing
Castroite efforts to destroy the political
stability of Latin America, I believe these
reports will be of interest to the Ameri-
can people. There seems little doubt
that the people of Latin America, when
presented with a free and rational choice,
will not choose communism. But the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 22085
This year, on September 14, Margaret
Sanger reached the age of 85. Her birthday
passed relatively unnoticed, except by close
friends and her two sons, Stuart and Grant.
Both are physicians, one an internist in
Tucson. the other a surgeon In New York.
Bedridden for the past 3 years with a
heart weakened by recurring occlusions and
a bloodstream that manufactures too many
white blood corpuscles, this little, strong-
willed woman, no larger than a minute, Still
retains the spirit which drove her to found a
movement which many people consider one
of the most Important In the world.
FATHER'S OPPOSITION
"Fifty years ago," Margaret Sanger told
me as her son Stuart and I sat with here re-
cently in her sanitarium room, "I realized
what was coming-the population explosion
we hear so much about today, women hav-
ing more and more babies until there's
neither food nor room for them on earth.
And I tried to do Something about It. Now
I have thousands of people all over the world
aware of that problem and its only possible
solution-family limitation and planned
parenthood. But 50 years ago"-she breathed
deeply and tossed her head-"what opposi-
tion I had: the law, the police, the govern-
ment, even my own father. He was the most
broad-minded Irishman I ever knew-Mi-
chael Higgins was his name. But he kept
saying, 'Margaret. Get out of it. Get out
of it. The kind of nursing you're doing, the
kind of project you're Involved in-that's no
life for a girl.'"
In 1912, after she had been married 12
years to Architect William Sanger and had
borne two sons and a daughter, Margaret
Sanger from Corning. N.Y., 1 of 11 children,
a feminist if ever there was one and a grad-
uate nurse, wrote a series of articles for the
New York Call entitled, "What Every Girl
Should Know." In simple, understandable
language she described the problems of
puberty and adolescence, the cause and
prevention of social disease, the parts and
functions of the female anatomy.
These articles outraged a ruthless, fanatical
intolerant named Anthony Comstock, who
in 1873 had managed to push through Con-
gress a censorship law bearing his name. It
authorized him, as a special agent of the
Post Office Department, to open any letter,
package, pamphlet or book going through the
malls and to rule personally on what was
indecent or obscene.
According to Comstock, anything dealing
with contraception or venereal disease was
indecent, so that druggists, doctors, hospital
administrators and scientists were afraid to
use the mails to receive or dispense such
information. They feared prosecution and
imprisonment.
Comstock was a detestable man with a
twisted mind. One time he ordered two of
his female decoys to write a kindhearted
midwestern doctor, begging the physician for
contraceptive information on the grounds
that they were married to insane husbands.
When the good doctor replied to the women,
telling them what they might do, Comstock
had him arrested and sent to Leavenworth
for 10 years.
Comstock tried to do the same to Margaret
Sanger. In 1913 this wisp of a woman was
indicted by the U.S. Government on nine
counts with a possible prison sentence of 45
years because she had Insisted over and over
again: "No woman can call herself free who
does not own and control her body. No
woman can call herself free until she can
choose consciously whether she will or will
not be a mother."
What Inspired Margaret Sanger to write
her articles and to found the birth control
movement was the misery, the poverty, the
degradation which met her eyes when. In the
first decades of this century she labored
as a nurse on New York City's East Side.
"I can still see them." she says, closing her
eyes and recalling the past, "those poor, weak,
wasted, frail women, pregnant year after
year like so many automatic breeding ma-
chines. Those poor women, crying, pleading,
begging, 'Please tell me, Mrs. Sanger. You
know the secret of not having babies. Please
tell me. If I have another baby. I'm going
to die.'
"You can't imagine what it was like," she
continues, "what these hopeless women
would do to prevent their continued preg-
nancies. They were poor. Their husbands
couldn't support the families they already
had. They sent their children out into the
labor market at 7, 8, and 9 years.
"These pitiful women went to local abor-
tionists, to butchers In many cases, and after
Illegal operations they bled to death. Others
tuned to drinking turpentine mixed with
sugar, mustard mixed with teas. They
threw themselves down flights of stairs to
incur miscarriages. It was horrible, hor-
rible-and all because there was no one, no
person, no agency to tell them about contra-
ception.
"I KNEW I WAS RIGHT"
"Seeing all this misery year after year, this
needless death, and realizing that there was
no one, no man on the scene, no doctor, no
nurse, no social worker who would help them,
I resolved that women should have some
knowledge of their own bodies, some knowl-
edge of contraception, that they should be
rescued from their sex servitude. You ask
me how I could face all the persecution, the
martyrdom, the opposition. I'll tell you bow.
.1 knew I was right. It was as simple as that.
I knew I was right."
Before Margaret Sanger went on trial for
violating the Comstock Law, a powerful New
York corporation lawyer. Samuel Untermeyer.
undertook to defend her. "Listen," he told
her one day, "I've spoken to the district at-
torney. All he wants you to do is not to
break the law. You send me a letter with
such a promise, and. you won't go to jail."
Margaret Sanger jumped to her feet. "I'm
not worried about jail. That has nothing to
do with it. The question is whether I have
done something obscene. If I have not, I
cannot plead guilty."
"But the law," Untermeyer insisted, "says
that to desseminate Information on birth
control is obscene."
"Then," said Margaret Sanger, "the law
is wrong, and the law will have to change,
not I."
Margaret Sanger went to jail for 30 days,
but her Imprisonment aroused the conscience
of the Nation's womenhood. Women from
every station In society rallied to her side In
such numbers that they made possible the
founding of planned parenthood clinics
throughout the Nation. In 1937 the Amer-
ican Medical Association voted to give birth
control Its recognition and support, and the
Federal courts ruled that it was neither
illegal nor obscene for contraceptive mate-
rials to be sent through the mails. Margaret
Sanger had succeeded in changing the law.
Like that of many women who fiercely ded-
icate their lives to career or cause. Margaret
Banger's private life suffered in the process.
While she was In England studying with
Havelock Ellis and while researching birth
control on the continent, her husband was
imprisoned for distributing her series of arti-
cles. When she returned to New York, her
only daughter, Peggy, to whom she was deeply
attached, came down with pneumonia and
died. Her two sons, sent off to boarding
schools, saw less of their crusading mother
than they might have under other circum-
stances. Eventually Margaret Sanger and
her hubsand were divorced. In 1922 she was
married again, this time to J. Noah H. Slee,
president of the 3-in-1 011 Co. He died in
1943, leaving her with many fond memories
of their work together and a picturesque
home in Tucson.
Constitutionally incapable of rest or re-
tirement, Margaret Sanger organized In 1948
the Cheltenham Congress on World Popula-
tion and Resources. Delegates came from
15 countries. Mrs. Sanger graphically
pointed out that death rates, because of dis-
coveries In medicine, were going down and
birth rates were going up. She prophesied
that unless population growth was con-
trolled, It would neutralize any economic or
social gains. Frequently, she said, it would
lead to war. She emphasized that the grow-
ing population explosion was a problem the
world could not shunt aside.
Invited to speak in Japan and India, she
lectured so convincingly and with such in-
controvertible expertise that both countries
came out In favor of birth control and in-
stituted programs for planned parenthood.
Today, Margaret Sanger's prophesies have
come true. The world rate of population
growth has doubled since 1945 and Is in-
creasing steadily. In 35 years the popula-
tion of the United States will reach 300
million, and the world population of 3 bil-
lion will double to 6 billion. In the last 3
years the population of the world has in-
creased by 185 million-or as many people as
there are in the United States today.
RATE OP GROWTH
The earth's land space is fixed and inex-
pandable. Population grows geometrically:
2-4--8-16-32, etc. Since World War II, the
world population has been Increasing at 2
percent. This means that the total popula-
tion will double every 34.6 years. Birth rates
are highest in Asia. Africa, and Latin Amer-
ica, on which continents live roughly two-
thirds of the world's population. Unless the
birth rate Is controlled, the earth will not
have enough resources-water, fuel, food,
and wildlife-to support humanity.
Margaret Sanger's movement was for years
a source of controversy. Many sincere people
opposed the dissemination of birth control
Information, both In this country and
abroad. But nowadays all major churches
recognize that the problem of population
explosion must be met. As the Reverend
John A. O'Brien, research professor of Theol-
ogy at Notre Dame, points out: "Catholics,
Protestants, and Jews are in agreement over
the objectives of family planning, but dis-
agree over the methods to be used." One
church approves the rhythm method and
abstinence, another condones "the use of
the gifts of science for conscientious family
limitation." A third approves the use of
medical contraception only by the wife, for
health reasons.
His Holiness Pope Pius XII, In 1951, ex-
plicitly approved the rhythm system for
Roman Catholics as a means of spacing
children. He also called upon science to per-
fect the system so that It might be made
more sure and reliable.
Fifty years ago Margaret Sanger told the
world: "The greatest issue is to raise the
question of birth control out of the gutter
of obscenity ' ? ? and get it into the light
of intelligence and human understanding."
Today, with two-thirds of the world rap-
idly approaching Its biological bursting
point, she is happy to note the changing tide
of International opinion, the respectability
and importance given family limitation. It
Is a source of deep satisfaction to her that
the administration in Washington now is
willing to give birth control Information to
those oversee nations who request it, that
currently the population explosion is recog-
nized by statesmen everywhere as second in
Importance only to the problem of prevent-
ing nuclear war.
"But we still have lots to do," Mrs. Sanger
warns. "I believe no girl should get married
and start bearing children before she's 18.
One of the big troubles In China, with 730
million people, and India, with 461 million,
is that girls there are married off at 12 and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 22087
aim of Castro and those who are influ-
enced and encouraged by his example is
to deprive the people of that choice and
to drive them by violence and deceit into
the arms of communism, just as the
Cuban people were driven. It should be
a matter of serious concern-and I be-
lieve it is-to the United States when our
allies contribute, in any way at all, to the
economic potential of the Castro regime.
I believe it is increasingly important
for the United States and also those
Latin American countries directly af-
fected to make their views known to
other free world nations. It is increas-
ingly important to tighten the boycott
and isolation of Cuba and to discourage
our allies, above all, from sales of activi-
ties that could strengthen Castro's posi-
tion and prolong his rule in Cuba.
French willingness to sell equipment
that can chemically process waste sugar-
cane into yeast should be a disturbing
consideration, not only in the United
States, but also throughout Latin Amer
ica, where Castro continues, directly and
indirectly, to menace economic progress
and stable political development.
What is more, I am also reliably in-
formed that another French company,
in addition to those referred to earlier
by me and now by the Department of
State, is also active in Cuba the Com-
pania European Importacion ~ Exporta-
tion and that French construction firms
which had previously participated in
tunnel-building activities are also look-
ing for additional construction work in
Cuba.
Moreover, the latest shipping reports
released by the Maritime Administration
show that, on an average, through 1963
more than one ship per day arrived in
Cuba registered under the flag of free
world nations. The number ranged from
12 in January to 45 in July. The current
figure is just about one free world ship
daily.
In my view, it is strongly in the in-
terest of the United States and the whole
hemisphere to have accurate and up-to-
date reports on the activities of other
free world nations in Cuba. The diplo-
matic tendency to conceal or to play
down such moves only strengthens
Castro's hand, as he tries, on the one
hand to undermine free nations and on
the other hand, to get all he can from
them. What is needed is a full and force-
ful account of the dealings between
Castro's regime and other governments
and businesses and determined pressure
once again from our own Government
to cut down still further free world trade
and shipping with: Cuba and to make it
even more difficult than it is today for
Castro to win recruits and foment
violence in the Western Hemisphere.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD fol-
lowing my remarks, the text of this cor-
respondence.
There being no objection, the letters
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows :
SEPTEMBER 10, 1963.
Hon. FREDERICK G. DUTTON,
Assistant Secretary of State,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. DUTTON: Several usually reliable
reports have come to my attention indicating
the interest of French firms in establishing
sugar-waste processing plants in Cuba, an
interest which I understand has not been
discouraged by the French Government.
I should appreciate a full report on this
matter and any other information--that may
be available on the,extent of current West
European economic activity in Cuba.
Very sincerely yours,
KENNETH B. KEATING.
Hon. DEAN RUSK,
Secretary of State,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I understand from
conversations with officials in the Depart-
ment that as of now you have no evidence
of any French firm that is planning to con-
struct a sugar-waste processing plant in
Cuba.
My information is that' the name of the
French firm is Societe Pour Equipement des
Industries Chemique, 14 Rue La Boetie, Paris
VIII ieme (S.P.E.I. Chim.). I am informed
that this firm is planning to sell the equip-
ment for the factory but as yet does not have
plans to operate it themselves. I would
appreciate your looking specifically into this
report.
Very sincerely yours,
KENNETH B. KEATING.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, November 27, 1963.
Hon. KENNETH B. KEATING,
U.S. Senate.
DEAR SENATOR KEATING: Thank you for
your letters of September 10 and 24 regard-
ing the interest of French firms in estab-
lishing sugar waste processing plants in
Cuba. I refer also to my letter of September
26 promising you further information .on this
subject. I regret the delay which this in-
vestigation has caused.
We understand that the Societe Pour
1'Equipment des Industries Chimiques
(Speichim) will supply a yeast plant to
Cuba under a contract negotiated in early
1962. A representative of this company is
now in Cuba discussing with Cuba officials
financial matters relating to construction of
the plant. This transaction reportedly does
not need the approval of the French Gov-
ernment since it is of a nonstrategic nature.
We understand that no credit was granted
Speichim by the French Government.
In addition to equipment for the yeast
plant reported above, two French firms con-
tracted in 1961 to supply plant equipment:
Carbonization Entreprise et Ceramique is re--
portedly-supplying $228,000 worth of equip-
ment for a gas plant at Puentes Grandes,
Marianao, and the Compagnie Generale
d'Entreprise Electrique has supplied a turbo-
generator for a powerplant in Matanzas
Province, in a reportedly cash transaction.
One British firm, James Mackie & Sons of
Northern Ireland, sold $2,500,000 worth of
equipment in 1961, to establish a kenaf bag
plant at Santa Clara, under a contract that
was signed in 1958.
We remain keenly interested in the ques-
tion of the extent of Western European com-
merce with Cuba. The matter has been
kept under review by the Department and
remains a basis for continuing discussions
with our allies at all diplomatic levels.
If I can be of further assistance, please
1 do not hesitate to let me know.
!1~ Sincerely yours,
FREDERICK G. DUTTON,
Assistant Secretary.
IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON SOCIETY
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, in a
recent speech to the American Friends
of the Hebrew -University, David Sarnoff,
chairman of the board of - RCA, outlined
the kind of scientific advances we can
expect in the years to come. Paying well-
deserved tribute to Prof. Milton Handler
of Columbia Law School, one of our most
distinguished scholars and practitioners
in the field of antitrust law, and the latest
recipient of the Scopus Award of the
American Friends of the Hebrew Uni-
versity, Mr. Sarnoff dramatically de-
picted a future of challenge and oppor-
tunity. From the days of his arrival in
the United States to the present, Mr.
Sarnoff has been alert to the new hori-
zons opening before us, and even more,
he has himself contributed time and
again to the opening of those horizons,
and to the progress of science bringing
new gains to the entire human race.
Mr. President, no one is better quali-
fied to speculate on and explore the po-
tentialities of science than David Sarn-
off, and I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD following my re-
marks the text of his illuminating and
exciting address to the American Friends
of the Hebrew University.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE UPON SOCIETY
(Speech by David Sarnoff, chairman of the
board, Radio Corp. of America, to the
American Friends of the Hebrew Univer-
sity, New York City, December 1, 1963)
Mr. Chairman, Professor Handler, ladies
and gentlemen, few occasions are as rich in
meaning as the one which brings us together
tonight, and I am grateful for this opportu-
nity to pay tribute to a distinguished Amer-
lean and to the cause which commands his
devoted support.
I first met Milton Handler about a quarter
of a century ago when he was a young pro-
fessor of law at Columbia University and I
was managing the enterprise that still em-
ploys me. Milton, at least, has come a long
way since then. He has become one of the
Nation's outstanding legal scholars and prac-
titioners, and an expert in antitrust law.
Even as layman I have had some acquain-
tance-at the receiving end-with this
branch of the law. While it is a complex
subject for lawyers to - teach, it can some-
times be even more complicated for laymen
to understand. Milton Handler performs a
vital task in his dedication to clarifying the
basic principles of these laws, so necessary
to the preservation of our competitive sys-
tem and our cherished free economy.
Beyond his legal and scholastic attain-
ments, Professor Handler has distinguished
himself through his devotion to a vision-a
vision of Hebrew University as an educa-
tional beacon in the ancient lands of the
Levant, illuminating new paths of under-
standinf; for Israel, for her neighbors and
indeed for all of the civilized world. I con-
gratulate him most heartily on being this
year's recipient of the Scopus Award of the
American Friends of the Hebrew University
and your organization on Its wise choice.
Today, under the capable guidance of
a distinguished diplomat, statesman, scholar,
and my good friend, Eliahu Elath, Hebrew
University is effectively fulfilling its mission.
It is truly becoming, as Chaim Welzmann
hoped it would, Israel's "spiritual dread-
naught." And it is both fortunate and de-
serving in the support it Isreceiving across
the world, as exemplified by this occasion.
The rising generation that you are helping
to educate faces vast new dimensions of
change, stimulated by advances in science
and technology on a scale and at a pace
exceeding all previous experience. The
world of your lifetime and mine is being
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22088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE December 4
changed politically, economically, socially. synthetic foods, possibly at a cost low enough In the field of energy and power, man has
technically, even geographically, by epoch- to eliminate all scarcity, historically been handicapped. This has
making scientific breakthroughs. There Is The essential nutrients man requires are been true even with the addition of coal,
not a man alive today who Is unaffected by basically chemicals whose formulas- are well oil, and gas. But, this too will change,
the new scientific discoveries and their ap- known and most of them can be synthesized now that the secrets of the atom are being
plications. In the laboratory. Eventually we can expect unlocked. One pound of uranium the size
All of us, of course, have had countless a flow of manmade foods that will compete of a golf ball has the energy equivalent of
foreshadowings of the changes to come. I to price, palatability, and nutritive value 3 million pounds of coal, and the world's
remember arriving here, in the year 1800, as with the products of the farm. In addition nuclear resources are far greater than coal,
a boy of nine and my astonishment at the to chemical and biological developments, it gas, and petroleum combined.
marvels I saw for the first time In my life. is well within the realm of the possible that We will learn how to use atomic energy to
At the port of Libau, in Latvia, enroute to germination and growth of foods may be ac- blast harbors; to unfreeze Icebound ports;
Liverpool, I beheld a ship, an unbelievable celerated by electronic means. to create reservoirs beneath the world's des-
mass of smoke and steel moving on the water. Man has always been the victim of disease erts to trap and hold water; and to provide
And then in Liverpool there was another and untimely death. Already medical act- low-cost power to desalinize the ocean's
wonder to gape at-a trolley car that moved case has extended average American life ex- waters. Electric powerplants will be nu-
without horses. pectancy beyond the biblical threescore years clear, and atomic energy will be a major
It took one unending month to sail from and ten. In the not-too-distant future, power source, particularly in the developing
Llbau to Montreal. Perhaps I should explain birthdays celebrating the first 100 years will areas of the world.
that this voyage was In the - steerage of a no longer rate press headlines. Suitcase-size atomic generators, similar
commercial vessel and not a leisurely cruise One of the tiniest particles in the uni- to the one lofted into space this past Sep-
on a private yacht. When my family landed verse-the electron-has become a mighty tember, will operate remote Installations for
in America, there were further marvels to be- weapon in the arsenal of medicine. An elee- years without refueling. Fuel cells, convert-
hold-the horseless carriage, the phonograph, Ironic device imbedded under the skin and ing energy directly to electricity, will light,
the telephone and the electric light. While known as the pacemaker, is now used to heat and coot our homes and operate the
early models of these new wonders could be regulate the human heartbeat. By the end household appliances.
seen, they were not yet in general use. There of this century, ultraminiature electronic de- Atomic energy will power moving vehicles
were virtually no automobiles on the streets, vices implanted In the body will regulate hu- and revolutionize our present modes of
and no subways underground; no electric man organs whose functions have become transportation on land, sea, and in the air.
refrigerators and air-conditioners In the Impaired-the lungs, kidneys, heart-or re- The great cities of the world will be only a
homes; no movies and of course no talkies. place them entirely. The concept of eicc- few hours apart, and many within com-
Marconi had not yet flashed his first wire- Ironic spare parts for the human machine muting distance. Though the very words
less telegraph signal across the Atlantic and will thus be realized. Already we have prac- nuclear missiles today mean destruction,
wireless transmission of the human voice tical evidence of this possibility in the suc- nuclear carriers will one day be used to
was only a fantastic dream. Radio broad- cessful use of the artificial kidney. transport mail and freight all over the world.
casting was still 20 years, and television 40 People who die today because of the tem- There is, finally, the universe around us.
years, In the future. The Wright brothers porary impairment of some vital organ will Manned interplanetary exploration will, in
and their flying machine had not yet ap- be kept alive over extended periods by else- time, become an accomplished fact. If life
peared in the skies. ironic and mechanical instruments until exists on other planets, we may find solu-
In the intervening years, the wonders of more permanent recovery is possible. Inds- tions for some of the problems that persist
my childhood have paled Into the common- vtduals who have lost an arm or leg will on mother earth.
place as the impact of science upon society have their functions restored through elec- Around earth Itself will be a network of
has become progressively more pronounced. tronic substitutes. weather satellites scanning the atmospheric
Now, we talk by telephone to friends or busi- Our children and grandchildren will see sheath. Linked to computer systems, they
ness associates at opposite aides of-the world, electronics replacing defective nerve circuits, will predict with increasing accuracy next
We breakfast in London, dine in New York, and even taking over some routine func- season's floods and droughts, extremes of
And retire in Los Angeles. We hear and see lions of the brain canceled out by strokes. heat and excesses of cold. In shorter terms
on a television screen astronauts in global Blindness, deafness, dumbness are disabilities they will note any turbulence of sky and
orbit. The world shares through television that science will greatly reduce and ulti- seas-typhoons, tornadoes, hurricanes-in
the happiness of the inauguration of the mately eliminate. We will learn how to use ample time to be diverted or dissipated be-
President of the United States; and It also electronics to serve as eyes, cars, and tongues fore they reach dangerous intensity. In-
shares through television the sadness of the for the afflicted. The body's own electricity deed, the control And correction of weather
funeral of that same beloved and martyred can generate sumcient current to operate is not outside the bounds of possibility.
President. many of these devices Indefinitelo In the field of communications, too, we
search laboratory and drawing board have leaf potentials for the future Is represented will nervb be one a, Our grandchildren's world
poured forth at a bewildering pace. There by lasers. These devices produce light beams mu o with Anyone, it be
one in which onewill wher eree, , at to
by , anyw s any
has in fact been more progress in discovery so powerful and so concentrated as to 11- time, communicate
and development of scientific knowledge and luminate an area on the moon only 2 miles separately voice, or as a right, or combination of n written of all 11 thr three.
in modification of our environment since the In diameter; and so inten
ee.
~l
se as o
ur
beginning of the present century, than in through a diamond at temperat&es far Manned satellites weighing up to 150 tons
t and hovering over fixed points on earth will
all the prior millenia of recorded history. hotter than the surface of th
y
e
e sun.
Even at that-and this is a fact not fully these pencil-than beams are sufficiently deli- serve as switchboards in space to route tele-
appreciated-we are only at the bottom rung cate to cauterize a tumor out of the eye phone, radio from and
country oud country, other ro-
of
of scientific achievement. There are many and to reconnect a detached retina. Re- nent t loci, fcountry to country, conti-
more scientists and physicists alive and at cently. a medical electronics team Also dem- vehicles to continent, and from earth to space
today than the total number of those onetrated their prospective value In arrest- pants w and the planets beyond. , in full
l
who lived in all the years of the past. The log skin cancer. sight pants andk sit in hearing homes oo other res in through
concerted application pf their brainIxiwee ng t each ohTV screen
By the end of the century we will thver in small desk instruments and a color TV screen
holds the promise of breakthroughs to new likely see laser beams within needle-thin on the wall.
concepts and higher human levels. These tubes Inserted into the body to perform Within the next 10 to 20 years, it is more
opportunities Are so great that Barbara Ward, clean. swift microsurgery on Internal malig- than probable that satellite television will
the British writer, recently suggested that nancies and other Abnormalities. Indeed, he able to transmit on a worldwide basis,
"only now is neolithio society being left with the electronic techniques In being or directly to the home, without the need of
behind." on the horizon, today's surgery will probably Intermediate ground stations. This holds
What we have done In the past half cen- seem as antiquated 40 years from now As enormous significance for people everywhere
tury is to delineate the major areas of sclen- was the old practice of trying to cure disease in entertainment, information, and educa-
tific conquest and to sketch their potentiali- by leeches. tion. Audiences of a billion people may be
ties. Their fullest development Is still to Science is learning how life's hereditary watching the Same program at the same
come. patterns are transferred from generation to time, with automatic language translators
It is likely that before the present century generation. In the nucleic structure of the providing instant comprehension of the pro-
ends we will have the means to eliminate living cell is the genetic code which deter- gram's content.
hunger. This will come not only through mines those qualities and characteristics "Ultimate" Is a hazardous word to use in
the extension of advanced agricultural tech- that pass from parent to child. Before the describing the future of any branch of sci-
niques already available In the West-it Is present century comes to a close, it seems ence. if it has any application in the act-
also probable that two major now sources of likely that we will be able to decipher this ence of communications, it will probably
food will have been added. One Is in the code and thereby to alter many hereditary arrive when an individual carrying a vest
seas where the yield of food could be greatly traits, to eliminate human diseases and de- pocket transmitter-receiver will connect by
Increased through better knowledge of ma- facts, even to amend the behavior of cancer radio with a nearby switchboard and be able
rine biology. The other Is in the creation of cells and so achieve Its ultimate cure, to see and speak via satellite with any
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