STUDY OF FOREIGN POLICY PROBLEMS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240069-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 69
• Publication Date: November 7, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Rt!m61% 1 t C 560 Mg00200240069-1
National forest primitive areas to be re-
viewed for permanent protection as wilder-
ness and areas of the national park system
and national wildlife ranges and refuges
containing roadless areas to be reviewed
for preservation as wilderness, with gross
acreages-Continued
Gross acreage
Idaho, Idaho___________________ 1,232,744
Mission Mountains, Mont_______ 75, 500
Mount Baldy, Ariz_____________ 7,400
Mount Jefferson, Oreg__________ 86, 700
North Cascade, Wash ----------- 801, 000
Pine Mountain, Ariz____________ 17, 500
Popo Agie, Wyo---------------- 70, 000
Salmon River Breaks, Idaho_____ 217, 185
Salmon Trinity Alps, Calif------ 285, 756
San Juan, Colo_________________ 240,000
San Rafael, Calif-------------- 74,990
Sawtooth, Idaho_______________ 200,942
South Warner, Calif------------ 70,682
Spanish Peaks, Mont____________ 50, 000
Stratified, Wyo________________ 202,000
Sycamore Canyon, Ariz --------- - 47, 230
Uncompahgre, Colo_____________ 69, 253
Upper Rio Grande, Colo ---- ____ 56, 600
Ventana, Calif------------------ 54,857
Wilson Mountains, Colo_________ 27, 347
Total acreage in national
forest "primitive areas"__ 6, 121,812
NATIONAL PARKS CONTAINING AREAS
OF WILDERNESS, WITH TOTAL
GROSS ACREAGE OF EACH PARK
Acadia, Maine________________ 41,634
Big Bend, Tex_________________ 708,221
Bryce Canyon, 'Utah ------------ 36,010
Carlsbad Caverns, N.M---------- 49, 448
Crater Lake, Oreg______________ 160,290
Everglades, Fla----------------- - 1,400,533
Glacier, Mont__________________ 1, 013, 129
Grand Canyon, Ariz____________ 673, 575
Grand Teton, Wyo -------------- 310,360
National forest primitive areas to be re-
viewed for permanent protection as wilder.
ness and areas of the national park system
.and national wildlife ranges and refuges
containing roadless areas to be reviewed
for preservation as wilderness, with gross
acreages-Continued
NATIONAL MONUMENTS CONTAIN-
ING AREAS OF WILDERNESS, WITH
TOTAL GROSS ACREAGE OF EACH
MONUMENT Gross acreage
Arches, Utah___________________ 34,250
Badlands, S. Dak_______________ 111,530
Black Canyon of the Gunnison,
Colo------------------------- - 13,548
Capitol Reef, Utah______________ 39, 173
Channel Islands, Calif---------- 18, 167
Chiricahua, Ariz_______________ 10, 648
Craters of the Moon, Idaho______ 48, 184
Colorado, Colo__________________ 17,693
Death Valley, Calif------------- 1, 792, 520
Death.Valley, Nev-------------- 115, 240
Total-------------------- 1,907,760
Dinosaur, Colo_________________ 152,259
Dinosaur, Utah_________________ 53,038
Total____________________ 205,297
Glacier Bay, Alaska_____________ 2,274,595
Grand Canyon, Ariz ------------ 198,280
Joshua Tree, Calif______________ 557935
20357
National forest primitive areas to be re-
viewed for permanent protection as wilder-
ness and areas of the national park system
and national wildlife ranges and refuges
containing roadless areas to be reviewed
for preservation as wilderness, with gross
acreages--Continued
SUMMARY, NATIONAL FOREST PRIM-
ITIVE
AREAS AND AREAS CONTAIN-
ING WILDERNESS IN THE NATION-
AL PARK SYSTEM AND IN WILDLIFE
REFUGES AND RANGES Gross acreage
National forest primitive areas
(36) ------------------------- 6,121,812
National parks (28)____________ 13,541,982
National. monuments (18) ------ 8,721,500
National memorial park (1)____ 70,374
National seashore recreation
area (1) ---------------------- 28,500
Gross acreage In national
park system ------------ 22,362,336
National Wildlife ranges (10)___ 18, 483, 878
National wildlife refuges (18) ___ 6,357,982
Gross acreage In national
wildlife and ranges----- 24, 841, 860
Total gross acreage (107
areas)__________________ 53,326,008
Katmai, Alaska_________________ ' 2,697,590 STUDY OF FOREIGN POLICY
Lava Beds. Calif AA non
Saguaro, Ariz__________________ 63,284 The -SPEAKER. Under previous order
White Sands, N. Mex------------ 146,635 of the House, the gentleman from Mon-
Acreage in National Monu-
ments----------------- 8,721,500
NATIONAL WILDLIFE RANGES CON-
TAINING AREAS OF WILDERNESS,
WITH TOTAL GROSS ACREAGE OF
EACH RANGE
Great Smoky Mountains, N.C___ 275, 332
Great Smoky Mountains, Tenn__ 236, 346
Haleakala, Hawaii______________
Hawaii, Hawaii_________________
Isle Royale, Mich_______________
Kings Canyon, Calif____________
Lassen Volcanic, Calif__________
Mammoth Cave, Ky____________
Mesa Verde, Colo______________
Mount McKinley, Alaska________
Mount Rainier, Wash -----------
Olympic, Wash_________________
Petrified Forest, Ariz_:__________
Rocky Mountain, Colo ---- -_____
Sequoia, Calif__________________
Shenandoah, Va________________
Wind Cave, S. Dak-------------
26,403
220, 345
539, 339
454, 650
105, 922
51,854
51, 334
1,939,493
241, 782
896, 599
94, 161
260, 018
386, 551
211,325
28,059
Yellowstone, Idaho_____________ 31, 488
Yellowstone, Mont______________ 151,068
Yellowstone, Wyo_______________ 2,039,217
Total____________________ 2,221,773
Yosemite, Calif----------------- 760, 951
Zion, Utah_____________________ 147,035
Acreage in National Parks_ 13, 541, 962
NATIONAL MEMORIAL PARK
Theodore Roosevelt, N. Oa1[_____
NATIONAL SEASHORE RECREATION
AREA
;gape Hatteras, N.C______________
70, 374
Alaska------------------------ 8,900,000
Cabeza Prieta Game Range, Ariz_ 860, 000
Charles Sheldon Antelope Range,
Nev._------------------------- , 543,898
Clarence Rhode National Wildlife
Range, Alaska________________ 1,890,000
Desert Game Range, Nev-------- 2,188,415
Fort Peck Game Range, Mont__ 950, 827
Izembek National Wildlife Range,
Alaska ------------------------ 415,000
Kenai National Moose Range,
Alaska --------------- --------- 2,057,197
Kofa Game Range,-Ariz --------- 600, 000
Montana National Bison Range,
Mont------------------------ 18,541
Acreage in national wild-
life ranges_____________ 18,483,878
NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES CON-
TAINING AREAS OF WILDERNESS,
WITH TOTAL GROSS ACREAGE OF
EACH REFUGE
Aleutian Islands, Alaska________ 2, 720, 235
Bogoslof, Alaska (an Island) ----- 390
Aransas, Tex -------------------- 47,261
Cape Romain, S.C------------- 34, 716
Delta, La_______________________ 48,834
Kodiak, Alaska_________________ 1,815,000
Mo?Gsehorn, Maine______________ 22, 565
Nunivak, Alaska________________ 1,109,384
Okefenokee, Ga.---------------- 330, 973
Red Rock Lakes Migratory Wa-
terfowl Refuge, Mont_________
Seney, Mich --------------------
Sheldon National Antelope Ref-
uge, Nev ---------------------
Wichita Mountains, Okla_______
Acreage in national wild-
life refuges------------
39,943
95, 531
34, 131
59, 019
tana [Mr. BATTIN] is recognized for 30
minutes.
Mr. BATTIN. Mr. Speaker, the Spe-
cial Subcommittee on Cuba and Subver-
sion in the Western Hemisphere, ap-
pointed by the House Republican policy
committee early this year to make "a
continuing study of one of our most seri-
ous foreign policy problems, has author-
ized me to issue a comprehensive report.
I have the honor to serve as chairman
of this special committee along with the
following members: Representative WIL-
LIAM C. CRAMER, of Florida; Representa-
tive E. Ross ADAIR, of Indiana; Repre-
sentative JOHN M. ASHBROOK, of Ohio;
Representative EDWARD J. DERWINSKI, Of
Illinois; Representative SAMUEL L. DE-
VINE, of Ohio; Representative DURWARD
C. HALL, of Missouri; Representative
CLARK MACGREGOR, of Minnesota; and
Representative GARNER E. SHRIVER, Of
Kansas. '
This committee has issued four earlier
statements. Its present report contains
seven policy recommendations which the
members of the special committee be-
lieve to be essential for the security of
this Nation and of our Latin American
neighbors.
SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON CUBA AND SUBVER-
SION IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
One year has passed since the Cuban
missile crisis. At this time 1 year ago
the momentary firmness of the Kennedy
administration was dissolving as at least
some Soviet missiles andmedium-range
bombers were withdrawn from Cuba.
Administration spokesmen unleased a
barrage of propaganda heavy with self-
congratulation and the assertion of the
"inherent right of government to lie" in
time of crisis. And then the adminis-
tration proceeded to sweep Cuban affairs
under the rug.
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Now there is a danger that some half- puffing that the United States is pre- dition to Latin Americans. The results
measure such as a reduction of Soviet pared to engage in will not blow their of the training can be seen almost daily
troop strength In Cuba or the transfor- house down. in the dispatches from Venezuela, Co-
mation of Castro into a Latin Tito will A special committee designated by the lombia, and other American Republics.
be accepted by the administration as a Organization of American States to Books, newspapers, pamphlets, and
satisfactory solution of the Cuban prob- study the problem of Communist sub- radio transmit a steady flow of propa-
lem. version In the hemisphere reported on ganda from Cuba. The Cuban news
The aim of the policy of the United June 4, 1963: agency, Prensa Latina, is perhaps the
States must be nothing less than the Undoubtedly, Cuba now constitutes the most important vehicle for the di:.semi-
establishment of freedom in Cuba. This regional center for subversive action by in- nation of the Communist message to the
precludes a Communist regime there. ternational communism In America. mass audience in Central and South
SOME EVENTS Or THE PAST YEAR THE TACTICS OF COMMUNIST SUBVERSION IN America.
While the Kennedy administration has LATIN AMERICA The subversive activities carried on by
been busy curbing attacks on Castro's Communist Cuba has made no secret Communists demand expenditures which
Cuba by Cuban exiles, Castro has spent of its objective in Latin America. On are substantial in comparison with those
the past year spreading sabotage and July 26, 1963, Castro called for revolu- of non-Communist political groups in the
destruction throughout Latin America. tion throughout the hemisphere. Ar- countries concerned. The OAS Commit-
In February 1963, Castro's Mig's- mando Hart, Castro's Minister of Edu- tee reported:
which the administration regards as de- cation, declared: It is the present Cuban Government that
In Latin America the conquest of revolu- is responsible for providing, directly or indi-
fensive armed equipment-attacked an uil- rectly, a large part of the funds received by
class ass .the Communist parties In the other American
armed U.S. shrimp boat. tionary power has of to be countries- achieved-at
In a great number o
Republics.
In March, Castro's defensive aircraft struggle carried to the level of armed lnsur-
fired on the United States ship The rection by the proletariat and peasant classes. THE DANGER OF COMMUNIST SUBVERSION
Floridian as It made its way from San Thelma King, Castro's principal agent If additional non-Communist nations
Juan to Miami. in Panama, has said: in this hemisphere succumb to commu-
In March, Castro's forces were re- nism, the transition probably will be
ported by two eyewitness exiles to have There is one goal: To take over power, made In the classic tradition in Latin
invaded the British Island of Cay Sal either by elections or by torte: but it must be taken over. America-through subversive activity
culminating In a swift palace revolution
and to have kidnapped from there eight Barely 2 months after taking power, early some morning. It is unlikely that
people. Castro began a series of armed forays Castro would be so foolhardy as to
In August, two patrol boats and a hell against the countries of the Caribbean, launch a full-scale invasion by his
copter from Cuba invaded ats d a small island d including the Island of Salt Key in the troops against any of his neighbors. The
19 the essish Bahamas and kidnapped British Bahamas. After the failure of
19 hapless Cubans who had sought peril that Latin American governments
refuge from Castro's tyranny. Jet these Initial probes, Castro's tactics face is subversion from within, inspired
fighters of the U.S. Navy and a changed from invasion to a combination and supported from Cuba.
patrol plane of the Coast Guard of propaganda and Internal terrorism. In at least half a dozen Latin Amerf-
hovered overhead for 2 hours as Cas- Even in the United States, such activity can countries, unstable governments
tro's forces rounded up the refugees, has been carried on. The Fair Play for present a tempting target to Castro.
forced them aboard the vessels, and re- Cuba Committee has been the propa- The six revolutions that have taken
Banda agency. And, in November 1962, a
turned them to an uncertain fate in place 122 Latin America since the disas-
the country from which they had fled. plot to disrupt oil installations in New ter of the Bay of Pigs emphasize an im-
In October, an American-owned Jersey led to the expulsion of two Cuban portant fact. The weakness that places
freighter, the J. Louis, was attacked by diplomats accredited to the United Na- a government at the mercy of a few mill-
Cuban planes in international waters bons. taffy leaders may place It at the mercy of
between Cuba and Florida. It is unnecessary to recount in detail a few Communists. A small well-orga-
between in the campaign of violent subver- nized band of Communists might have
These incidents are cited. because they save activity Inspired by Cuba which has engineered the coup d'etat as speedily as
as
have occurred close to the United States. touched every nation In this hemisphere did a small the ed band of military
They constitute only a minor part of an and has led most of the nations of Latin leaders.
unremitting campaign of subversion and America to break off diplomatic relations effective action
terrorism which communism is carrying with the Castro Government. There
specific c for on in this hemisphere. By such tactics At the Punta del Este Conference of against is the need terrorism fmore which the forms e oe of subversion
esithe Communists hope to bring to power January 1962, the Orangization of Amer-
other Castros In other Latin America+* can States established a Special Con- ploy. But the only fully effective way to
States. sultativc Committee on Security Against, put an end to Castro's subversion is by
THE IMPORTANCE or CUBA the Subversive Activities of International getting rid of Castro.
The subversive activity of communism Communism. This Committee has issued The recommendations which follow
in Latin America antedates the accession valuable factual reports and offered rec- have this as their aim.
of Castro to power. Eleven years before ominendations for action which have not RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
he marched into Havana, Castro himself in general been effectively implemented. First. The United States must return
participated in the "bogotazo"-thc up- Indeed, on July 3, 1963, five Latin Ameri- to the Monroe Doctrine.
rising In Bogota designed to disrupt the can States failed to vote in the OAS for The first step in the formulation of
Inter-American Conference at Bogota recommendations to curb travel to Cuba policy Is determination of the objective.
in 1948. Undoubtedly Communist sub- and better coordinate the security meas- The Communist government of Cuba ex-
version in the Americas would continue ures of Individual countries. ists in defiance of the historic policy of
if the Castro regime were replaced by an Cuba feeds the fires of subversion the United States barring intervention
anti-Communist government. throughout Latin America in three prin- by extrahemispheric powers in the af-
Nevertheless a Communist Cuba is of cipal ways: training agents, providing fairs of the Republics of the Americas.
crucial importance to Moscow as a base propaganda, and supplying funds. At Caracas in 1954 the members of the
for campaign of subversive activity in The OAS Committee has reported OAS endorsed this policy. Until the
Latin America. that "at least 1,500 persons from the President and the Congress reaffirm the
Cuba is important because of its loca- other American Republics traveled to Monroe Doctrine and make it clear that
tion, because it is Latin, but most of all Cuba during 1962" for Instruction In the a Communist government will not be tol-
Cuba is important because it is a symbol use of arms and explosives, sabotage, erated In this hemisphere, there will be
of success. Communists in other Latin guerrilla warfare, as well as in propa- a continuation of the indecision and in-
American countries have only to look at ganda techniques and Marxist-Leninist action on the part of the United States,
Cuba to know that their cause can tri- doctrine. The faculty of schools of this which confuses our friends and embold-
umph, that they will be protected by type, the committee found, includes Rus- ens our enemies to push further into the
Khrushchev, and that all the huffing and sians, Chinese, and Czechoslovaks in ad- Americas.
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20359
st
high priority to the task of defeating Eisenhower administration some strain of a provisional government is essential.
communism in.iLatin America and must has been placed on Castro's economy by When Cuba becomes free, this govern-
provide vigorous leadership in this task. a reduction of trade with the United ment should be succeeded by one freely
The Kennedy administration has States and other free world nations. chosen by the Cuban people.
placed the most urgent of Latin Ameri- Much more should be done. Fifth. A coordinated campaign of
can problems far down the list of its Fifty percent of the ships that travel guerrilla warfare and sabotage launched
pressing concerns. Failure to assign to Cuba are free world ships. In 1962 by Cubans from within and from out-
high priority to the problem of commu- Cuba still obtained 20 percent of its im- side Cuba should be undertaken with the
nism in Latin America has resulted in ports from free world nations. This support of the United States and other
reluctance to exercise the leadership committee repeats the recommendations American Republics.
which most other American Republics made in an earlier report that aid be It is possible that discontent within
have been seeking from the United denied to nations trading with Cuba and Cuba will mount to a point which Castro
States. that all vessels of any nation that permits can be overthrown as Batista was over-
It is now almost 2 months since the any of its ships to engage in Cuban trade thrown. without even a forcible push.
American Ambassador to the OAS re- be barred from U.S. ports. If, as seems more likely, the hope of
signed, and there is still no word from A ruling of the Comptroller General the great majority of Cubans for free-
the White House about a successor. The makes it clear that the administration dom can be realized only by fighting for
last Ambassador was not an experienced has flagrantly violated the Foreign Aid it, the United States should help in plan-
diplomat nor was he equipped with any Appropriations Act of 1963 in extending ning, organizing, supplying, and other-
special knowledge of Latin America. It aid to at least some of the nations whose wise supporting the effort of free Cubans.
was commonly recognized that his posi- ships are transporting goods between the The vulnerability of Castro to the kind
tion with the OAS was in the nature of Soviet Union and Cuba. We call on the of sabotage which he supports in other
an interim appointment until he could administration to observe the law. Latin American nations is obvious. To
run again for the governorship of his In addition to trade, travel between cite one example, the destruction of the
State, a post which he had sought un- Cuba and the free world should be cut three major oil refineries in Cuba would
successfully 4 years ago. off. The interruption of travel between speedily produce complete chaos
The Kennedy administration has not Cuba and states of this hemisphere would throughout the island.
pushed for united action against the seriously cripple subversive activity in Sixth. The United States and other
Communist threat in this hemisphere. Latin America by stopping the training American Republics cannot permit
Except at the time of the crisis of Octo- of terrorists in Cuba. British Guiana to achieve independence
ber 1962-when the OAS unanimously A determined attempt should be made under a Communist government.
supported the blockade of Cuba-the by the United States and the other na- There is grave danger to the hemi-
United States has not shown leadership. tions which have broken diplomatic ties sphere in a British Guiana ruled by the
At Punta del Este in 1962, the delega- with the Castro government to lead the Communist regime of Cheddi Jagan.
tions of Central America had to stiffen five holdout nations to follow their ex- The Jagan government, which came to
the backbone of the spokesmen of the ample. The principal function of a Cu- power with the support of a minority
United States in support of a strong ban Embassy is to serve as a center for of the electorate, is now a trouble spot
anti-Communist statement. For want the direction of subversion in the nation under some kind of control by the United
of interest on the part of the United in which it Is located. Kingdom. As an independent state, it
States, the OAS has never followed up a None of the foregoing recommenda- would be a serious danger to its neigh-
resolution of the Punta del Este Con-, tions would affect relations between bors. We welcome the recent decision of
ference calling for a study of means of Cuba and the Communist bloc although the United Kingdom to delay independ-
curbing trade in nonstrategic items be- adoption of them would make the sup= ence until British Guinea has a govern-
tween Cuba and other nations of the port of Cuba more costly for the bloc ment representative of a majority of its
hemisphere. countries.
In order to arrive at a consistent and We regret the failure of President people.
effective policy, our Government must Kennedy to hold fast to his decision to 'Seventh. The United States should
put the task of defeating communism blockade Cuba until on-site inspection of continue to assist other American Rs
in Latin America near the top of for- the island to verify the removal of mis- andlics lical sta the ecohat progress
eign policy objectives. Otherwise, rea- siles was secured. We do not, however, and poltical stability that undergird
sons will always be found to do nothing possess enough information to decide freedom.
about Castro. whether a blockade of any kind should Thiccommittee roughout the neemer-
In the policy adopted to defeat corn- be reinstituted at this time. If any sig- ice in drastic order to reform committee
provide a de a wa bulwarrkmcAmnst
munism, the United States should act niflcant flow of troops or military equip- t a t-
t
in cooperation with as much of the com- ment is moving to Cuba from Com- communism or other forms of dictators
munity of American Republics as possi- munist bloc nations, we would favor the ship. Mass poverty and ignorance
ble. This Nation cannot permit what is imposition of a- partial blockade to turn og can r idily exty which the dema-
called public opinion in some other na- back such shipments. In this, as in the g create
readily exploit.
tion to exercise a veto over a course of other steps we recommend, we prefer We recognize a relation between social
policy that is clearly needed for security joint action by a number of American and economic progress in Latin Amer-
and freedom in the hemisphere. But, nations to unilateral action by the United Ica and the defeat of communism. The
to the extent possible, the policy should States. most important reform in our estimation
be the joint policy of the free American Fourth. The United States and other is the establishment of universal edu-
Republics, and not the unilateral policy American Republics should withdraw cation in Latin America. But a program
of the United States. The principal recognition of the Castro government of -social and -economic reform. will not
obstacle to fixing on a joint policy is not and recognize a provisional government be enough in itself to cope with the im-
the unwillingness of other Latin Ameri- to lead the Cuban people to freedom. mediate danger. Reform at best will
can states to participate, but the in- Although the United States broke dip- come slowly. The threat is here and
ability or unwillingness of the Kennedy lomatic relations with Castro under the now The danger is not that a Commu-
administration to lead. Eisenhower administration, it still rec- nist government will anywhere be in-
mAmbassador
AGonzalo J..Facio, Chair- ognizes the Castro government as the stalled by voluntary action of a majority
man
she Council of the aclo Chair- legitimate Government of Cuba. This of the. people but that it will be imposed
Amfrcan States, made this point on recognition should be ended In order by force by a minority, And so, while
February a 1963 to to make possible the recognition of a pro- we support efforts to improve social and
The OAS cannot have a definite visional government. Economic conditions, we cannot regard
without knowing what the policy Cuba must be freed by Cubans, not by them as the answer to Castro.
Unite States is. policy of the Americans. The fragmented and un-
Third. The United States must make ante group' efforts of dozens of resiste
groups within Cuba and of exile LEAVE OF ABSENCE
a maximum effort toward complete isola- groups without; are wasteful and less By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
tion of Communist Cuba. than fully effective. Consequently, uni- sence was granted to Mr. C>LLER (at the
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BILLS PRESENTED TO THE
PRESIDENT
request of Mr. ADDABBO), for Thursday,
November 7, 1963, on account of illness.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legis-
lative program and any special orders
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. SAYLOR, for 45 minutes, today. to
revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous matter and tables.
Mr. BATTIN, for 30 minutes, today.
Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee
on House Administration, reported that
that committee did on this day present
to the President, for his approval, bills
of the House of the following titles:
H.R.7405. An act to amend the Bretton
Woods Agreements Act to authorize the U.S.
Governor of the International Bank for Re-
construction and Development to vote for an
increase in the Bank's authorized capital
stock; and
H.R.6821. An act to revise the provisions
of law relating to the methods by which
amounts made available to the States pur-
suant to the Temporary Unemployment
Compensation Act of 1958 and title XII of
the social Security Act are to be restored to
the Treasury.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
By unanimous consent, permission to
extend remarks in the Appendix of the
RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks,
was granted to:
Mr. GROSS, and to include extraneous
matter.
Mr. GARY in two instances.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. REIFEL) and to include ex-
traneous matter:)
Mr. MICHEL in two instances.
Mr. BRAY in three instances.
Mr. SKUBITZ in three instances.
Mr. DERWINSRI in two instances.
Mr. MORRE in three instances.
Mr. CONTE in two instances.
Mr. CRAMER in four instances.
Mr. WESTLAND.
Mr. CHENOWETH.
Mr. YOUNGER.
Mr. BRUCE.
Mr. JOHANSEN in two instances.
Mr. FINDLEY.
Mr. MORSE in two instances.
Mr. MCCLORY.
Mrs. ST. GEORGE in two instances.
Mr. GOODLING.
Mr. NORBLAD In two instances.
Mr. RosTENHowsl{I (atthe request of
Mr. TUTEN), notwithstanding the cost
is estimated by the Public Printer to be
$210 and to include extraneous matter.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. TuTEN) and to include ex-
traneous matter:)
Mr. JOHNSON of Wisconsin In 10 in-
stances.
Mr. MOLTER in three instances,
Mr. TOLL.
Mr. DINGELL in three instances.
Mr. DONOHUE.
Mr. FRASER in three instances,
Mr. O'NEILL,
Mr. POWELL.
Mr. PATTEN.
Mr. FARBSTEIN in three instances.
Mr. CORMAN.
Mr. MADDEN.
Mr. ROONEY of New York.
Mr. MORRISON in three instances,
Mr. BOGGS.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. TUTEN. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the Housedo now adjourn.
The motion was agreed to; according-
ly (at 5 o'clock and 15 minutes p.m.) the
House adjourned until tomorrow, Fri-
day. November 8, 1963, at 12 o'clock
noon.
890). Referred to the Committee of the
Whole House on the State of the Union.
Mr. ROGERS of Texas; Committee on In-
terior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 8135. A bill
to provide for the establishment and admin-
istration of public recreational facilities at
the Sanford Reservoir area, Canadian River
project, Texas. and for other purposes; with
amendment (Rept. No. 691) . Referred to the
Committee of the Whole House on the State
of the Union.
Mr. MORGAN: Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs. H.R. 9009. A bill to amend further
the Peace Corps Act, as amended; without
amendment (Rept. No. 892). Referred to
the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union.
Mr. ZABLOCICI: Committee on Foreign
Affairs. Report of the Special Study Mis-
sion to Southeast Asia (Oct. 3-19, 1963);
without amendment (Rept. No. 893). Re-
ferred to the Committee of the Whole House
on the State of the Union.
PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public
bills and resolutions were introduced and
severally referred as follows:
/ By Mr. BROTZMAN :
H.R. '9069. A bill to amend section 201 of the
Antidumping Act, 1921, with respect to the
determination of Injury or threatened injury
to an industry In the United States; to the
Committee on Ways and Means.
By Mr. SAYLOR:
H.R.9070. A bill to establish a National
Wilderness Preservation System for the per-
manent good of the whole people, and for
other purposes; to the Committee on Interior
and insular Affairs. 1-114 tt C
By Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia:
H.R.007 bill to correct certain Inequi-
t es respect to the compensation of
Government employees in positions incor-
rectly classified under the Classification Act
of 1949; to the Committee on Post Office and
Civil Service.
By Mr. DANIELS:
H.R.9072. A bill to provide for the estab-
lishment of a Commission on the Improve-
ment of St. Elizabethe Hospital; to the Com-
mittee on Education and Labor.
By Mr. LANEFORD:
H.R.9073. A bill to permit certain lands
in Prince Georges County, Md., granted to
the State of Maryland for National Guard
purposes to be used for civil defense pur-
poses; to the Committee on Banking and
Currency. -
By Mr. PUCINSKI:
H.R.9074, A bill to provide for the estab-
lishment of the Indiana Dunes National
Lakeshore. and for other purposes; to the
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.
By Mr. ROOSEVELT: 17 / 4- C-
A bill to reduce the maximum
orunder the Fair Labor Standards
Act of 1938, as amended, to 35 hours, and for
other purposes; to the Committee on Educe-
EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS,
ETC.
Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu-
tive communications were taken from the
Speaker's table and referred as follows:
1357. A letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, transmitting a draft of a proposed
bill entitled "A bill to require the inspec-
tion of certain towing vessels"; to the Com-
mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries.
1358. A letter from the Chairman, the
Board of Foreign Scholarships, Department
of State, transmitting the first report of
the Board of Foreign Scholarships, pursuant
to Public Law 87-256; to the Committee on
Foreign Affairs.
1359. A letter from the Secretary, Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare,
transmitting a report covering personal
property received by State surplus property
agencies for distribution to public health
and educational Institutions and civil de-
fense organizations for the period July 1
through September 30. 1963. pursuant to the
Federal Property and Administrative Serv-
ices Act of 1949, as amended; to the Com-
mittee on Government Operations.
1300. A letter from the Secretary of the
Treasury, transmitting a report of opera-
tions by Federal departments and establish-
ments in connection with the bonding of
officers and employees for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1963, pursuant to the act of
August 9, 1955 (6 U.S.C. 14): to the Com-
mlttee on Post Office and Civil Service.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB-
LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of
committees were delivered to the Clerk
for printing and reference to the proper
calendar, as follows:
Mr. MURRAY: Committee on Post Office
and Civil Service. H.R. 7381. A bill to sim-
plify, modernize, and consolidate the laws
relating to the employment of civilians in
more than one position and the laws con-
cerning the civilian employment of retired
members of the uniformed services, and for
other purposes; with amendment (Rept. No.
tion and Labor.
By Mrs. SULLIVAN:
H.R. 9076. A bill to provide for the striking
of medals In commemoration of the 200th an-
niversary of the founding of St. Louis; to the
Committee on Banking and Currency.
By Mr. COLLIER:
H.R. 9077. A bill to amend title I-Tariff
Schedules of the United States, of the Tariff
Act of 1930, as amended by the Tariff Clas-
sification Act of 1962 to correct certain in-
equities in the classification and duty pro-
vided for certain aluminum products, tele-
vision picture tubes, and for other purposes;
to the Committee on Ways and Means.
By Mrs. DWYER:
11.11.9078. A bill to amend the National
Housing Act with respect to water and
sewerage facilities and mortgage insurance
ENROLLED BILL SIGNED
Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee
on House Administration, reported that
that committee had examined and found
truly enrolled a bill of the House of
thefollowing title, which was thereupon
signed by the Speaker:
H.R. 1989. An act to authorize the govern-
ment of the Virgin Islands to issue general
obligation bonds.
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dent Kennedy; and a guest-of-honor role at
the People's World silver anniversary last
January 26 in San Francisco.
A giant -East Bay benefit staged by the
Berkeley Friends of Highlander, February 9,
was arranged in part by Mrs. Treuhaft (Toc-
sin, Feb. 27, 1963). Funds went to the
Communist-backed Highlander Research and
Education Center of Knoxville, Tenn.
Called before the California Senate Fact-
finding Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties in September 1951, Mrs. Treuhaft re-
fused to answer all questions about her
affiliations in the bay area on grounds that
her answers might tend to incriminate her.
Her refusal evoked laughter when, after de-
clining a question about the Communist
Civil Rights Congress, she similarly refused
to acknowledge membership in even the
Berkeley Tennis Club.
WE HAVE BEEN SOLD A BILL OF
GOODS IN LATIN AMERICA
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Wis-
consin [Mr. SCHADEBERGI, is recognized
for 60 minutes.
(Mr. SCHADEBERG asked and was
given permission to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker,
Latin America is of vital importance to
the future security of the United States
in her struggle, along with her neighbors
to the south, against the colonialism of
the Soviet empire. We are facing a
critical stage in the cold war at which
this Government must not be found
wanting in its determination to save not
only our own people but the people of
Latin America and the Caribbean from
the totalitarian policies of a power-mad
group of opportunists who would fasten
their concepts of atheistic materialistic
dictatorship upon the unsuspecting
people of the world. While those how
are a part of this international con-
spiracy cry "peace" and "brotherhood of
man," and by corruption of words claim
only to want to save the world from eco-
nomic chaos and nuclear holocaust, let
it be clear that they do not and indeed
cannot talk about freedom. Nowhere in
the world have the people by free elec-
tions chosen a Communist ballot and
likewise nowhere in the world where
Communist tyranny has fastened itself
upon the people have the people been
offered a free choice to repudiate it.
Those who are outright, active, support-
ers of the international conspiracy to en-
slave all humankind under their godless
banner, claiming to want to lift human-
ity out of the dregs into which they have
fallen because of their innate and tena-
cious faith in a divine Creator, would
have us believe that all who oppose them,
oppose people; that all who oppose their
diabolical policies of double dealing are
warmongers and greedy capitalists and
imperialists. Those who oppose them
are rightwing extremists-are parasites
feeding off those who work to make a
living.
It is because I believe that our future
as a free nation is tied up intimately with
the interests of our traditional and wel-
come friends in the other Americas; it
is because I believe that our aid to the
people in Latin America who have be-
come pawns on the chessboard of inter-
November ,
national communism, must be directed to but whose apparent sole claim to diplo-
the end that they can be spared the fate matic appointment was the fact that he
of the unfortunate people of other cap- ; had been a ghostwriter for Adlai Steven-
tive nations the Soviets so blatantly son. Upon Mr Martin's advice, Wash-
would have the world believe have been ' ington accepted Juan Bosch as the best
liberated; it is because the future of our bet for the United States in the Domini-
culture and civilization with the empha- can Republic. Even after he was re-
sis on the worth of individuals, the dig- called, following the military coup,
nity of man, the sense of divine direc- Martin returned to Washington to de-
tion, is seriously threatened by the fend Bosch, although he made it clear
inroads the Communist conspiracy has that he had only been following instruc-
made in our hemisphere; it is because I tions. Nor did Mr. Martin attach im-
believe a forthright presentation of all portance to a fact which was commonly
points of view are necessary if we are not known in the Dominican Republic-that
to find ourselves overrun by the con- Bosch was a confirmed anti-American.
spiracy, posing under another name, Bosch's first act as President was to
entering the back window, that I take go to Switzerland and contract for a
the floor today to present what I have $150 million loan from a Swiss consor-
gleaned from serious study and many tium at 61/4 percent interest, rather than
conversations with various thinking peo- obtain available financing from U.S.
ple from Latin America. agencies which reportedly would have
I give this point of view because I given him a three-quarters of 1 percent
believe the time is late and unless we rate.
break the information barrier created by Pan American Headlines, published by
managed news which is succeeding in the Committee on Pan American Policy,
its efforts to camouflage facts, distort gave this account of the deal:
truth, and withhold information needed In early January 1963, before he was
to make a true assessment of conditions sworn in as President, Bosch announced that
and circumstances as they are, we may he was going to take a trip to Europe to
find ourselves victims of the very con- get aid for the nation's economy. Bosch
spiracy against which we -are led to selected three men: Diego Borda, Pedro
Juan Laboy, we have been waging a cold war. , Mario Dies.
Bosch disclosed that he was going to secure
In view of recent developments in the a large loan to finance the fantastic program
Dominican Republic, it is evident that of public improvements which he had prom-
the Kennedy administration has again ised in his campaign. At the time, he was
muffed the ball in Latin America. The advised that Washington would supply him
military coups in the Dominican Repub- with the money which he needed at a nomi-
lie and in Honduras have revealed nal rate of interest of three-quarters of 1
agonizingly that the administration, percent. Bosch told his associates that he
didn't its talk about the success of the 't want American money because he
did not want the United States to have any
Alliance for Progress, is almost Com- hold on him. This chauvinistic gesture
pletely adrift in its Latin American pot- silenced his home critics who were mystified
icy. It is being buffeted about by politi- by his insistence on getting European aid. .
cal forces in our neighbor countries Bosch and his trio journeyed to Switzer-
which it neither foresaw nor knows how land where Mario Diez had arranged a meet-
to influence. ing with a Swiss consortium. The consor-
tium granted a loan of $150 million. The
Since this administration took over interest rate which Bosch accepted on this
the White House in 1961, there seems to loan was 6.25 percent. Which means that
have been some fatality which has the Dominican Republic was obligated to
turned every one of its Latin American % pay in excess interest $8 million more, per
moves into blundering and bitter fail-
ures. The most ghastly of these, of
course, has been the Bay of Pigs fiasco
in Cuba, followed by the incredible
pledge of no invasion to Castro after the
missile crisis of 1962. But while the most
glaring example of the failure of the poli-
cies of this administration in Latin
America because it is so obvious, Cuba
is not an isolated indication of failure.
The same forcible-feeble approach-to-
day a threat, tomorrow a cringe-has
characterized our policy in practically
every Latin American situation. At the
end of 21/2 years of repeated and un-
broken bungling in this hemisphere, this
administration stands before the world
an abject and pathetic object of confu-
sion and retreat.
In the case of the Dominican Republic,
there was not the slightest excuse for the
Kennedy administration to put its un-
qualified support behind the Juan Bosch
regime. Throughout the 7 months of
Bosch's rule, Washington. seemed to de-
liberately blind itself to Dominican reali-
ties. The administration sent to the
Dominican Republic as Ambassador a
magazine writer, John Bartlow Martin,
who was undoubtedly well intentioned,
annum, than it would have paid to the pro-
posed American lender.
But there was worse to follow.
It came to light that Bosch borrowed from
the consortium an advance of $15 million,
giving notes for the amount. Shortly after-
ward, these notes made their appearance in
the money markets of various countries, as
the head of the consortium tried to dis-
count them. Some of them were discounted
by the General Electric Co. of London.
Others were offered to the Lock Joint Pipe
Co., but were refused.
To this day, despite the repeated demand
of the nonradical Dominican press, Bosch
and Borda have not made an accounting of
the $15 million.
Yet we decided to throw the prestige
of the United States behind the Bosch
government.
If Ambassador Martin had listened
to the responsible people in the Domini-
can Republic, instead of those in the
narrow leftist circle, he would have
known that a great part of the Domini-
can population had already stamped
Bosch unreliable from the standpoint of
democracy and of individual as well as
national progress. He would have known
of the rampant corruption which was
corroding away the confidence of the
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No one had ever explained to me that
you had to pay for electricity; and lights,
electric heaters, stoves blazed away night
and day at Rotherhithe Street, When the
enormous bill first arrived we thought brief-
ly of contesting it in court on the grounds
that electricity is an act of God an element.
like fire, earth, and air; but legal friends
assured us this would get us nowhere. It
was unthinkable that we should pay, so we
moved out of the Rotherhitbe Street house
to a furnished room near the Marble Arch.
On page 207 she writes:
One evening at dinner, after they had him
on the ropes, I was emboldened by this un-
familiar relationship between old and young
to ask, "But surely, Mr. Meyer, you're not
in favor of capitalism, are you?"
Again, referring to her first husband,
on page 280 she says:
His [Esmond's] brand of socialism was un-
cluttered by fine Christian sentiments, for
like Boud he was a gifted hater, although
unlike her he directed his venom against
the enemies of humanity, peace and free-
dom.
This, Mr. Speaker, is the woman being
defended by the so-called liberals while
they denounced me for attempting to
expose her.
I said that I was not surprised at the
New York Times or even the San Fran-
cisco Chronicle or even the Oceanside
(Calif.) Blade Tribune, or the El Cajon
(Calif.) Valley News, all of which mim-
icked each other, nor was I surprised to
find that the Democratic Committee of
Escondido, Calif., bought space to have
the editorial in the New York Times
printed in the Escondido Times Advocate
as an advertisement. Of course, as ex-
pected, the Communist People's World,
Saturday, November 2, 1963, leveled a
typical attack upon me quoting liberally
from the New York Times. I was sur-
prised to find so many solid newspapers
in the country such as the Orange
(Calif.) Daily News and the Daily Pilot
(Costa Mesa, Calif.), and others, arising
to the defense of this woman who has
done more to destroy the soul of Amer-
ica than almost anyone else, and I am
wondering if, after they have the facts as
presented here, they will continue to
place her on a pedestal.
When Jessica Mitford Romilly Treu-
haft was questioned about my remarks
in the RECORD, she dismissed them airily
with the remark that it was nothing but
a "red herring." Where have I heard
that before? As I recall, a former Presi-
dent used that phrase concerning the
charges brought against persons both in
and out of the Federal Government, who
were later convicted as spies, Commu-
nists and traitors.
Mr. Speaker, in my opening remarks
I said that the charge of congressional
immunity was hogwash, and as further
evidence of this, I ask unanimous con-
sent to include herewith an article ap-
pearing in Tocsin, August 28, 1963,
printed at Berkeley, Calif. This is only
one of several magazine articles carrying
similar charges.
WRITER JESSICA MrrFORD EQUALS COMMUNIST
DECCA TaxUHAFr
Simon and Schuster has just published a
new book by Okland resident, Jessica Mit-
ford of 6411 Regent Street, entitled "The
American Way of Death," a clever attempt to
bury capitalist America's funeral customs.
Absent from the superficially plausible
case which the author makes in her sharply
satirical lampoon are biographical data about
Miss Mitford which could place the book's
thesis in new perspective for the unwary
reader.
For Writer Jessica Mitford Is also fleece
Treuhaft, wife of Oakland Communist law-
yer Robert E. Treuhaft and herself an often-
identified Communist Party member. It is as
Deeea Treuhaft that the writer has per-
formed her service for the Communist Party.
Despite the book's innocent air of indig-
nation at the purported crass commercial-
ism of American funerals and the author's
proposal for "grassroots" type remedies, Mrs.
Treuhaft is no newcomer to the role of op-
ponent of American Institutions.
As executive secretary of the subversive
East Bay Civil Rights Congress in the 1950's.
she kept local law enforcement agencies busy
with assorted cases of "police brutality" and
"racial discrimination"-all pivoting on well-
oiled Communist propaganda machinery and
fully exploited by the People's World.
One of the seemingly Innocuous solutions
Mrs. Treuhaft proposes for the funeral prob-
lem is organization of local memorial asso-
ciations which would provide low-cost
burials. Two such associations in southern
and northern California (reported In Tocsin,
March 8 and May 1. 1983) have strong Com-
munist and leftwing backing. They are the
Bay Area Funeral Society of Berkeley and the
Los Angeles Funeral Society.
British-born and bred, Mrs. Treuhaft ar-
rived In the United 9ttacs In 1939 following
a youthful elopement to Spain with Esmond
Romilly, a nephew of Winston Churchill.
who had fought with the pro-Communist
forces in the Spanish Civil War.
Mrs. Treuhaft is the sister of Nancy Mit-
ford, acid-tongued novelist always severely
critical of the United States; Unity Freeman
Mitford, Hitler's onetime "Nordic Goddess";
Lady Diana Mosley, wife of Sir Oswald Mos-
ley. England's leading Fascist; Pamela Mit-
ford, wife of a distinguished British scientist;
and Deborah Mitford, wife of the Duke of
Devonshire.
Mrs. Treuhaft's penchant for doing the
unexpected-plus her kinship-have won her
several treatments In Bay Area supplements,
where her interest In leftwing politics has
been viewed as frivolous unconventionality
at most. Interpreting her elopement with
Romilly as is defiance of her rightwing back-
ground, the San Francisco Examiner of
February 19. 1981, declared, "The two self-
avowed Communists continued their fight
against the uppercrust society from which
they had fled."
REBELLIOUS DAUGHTERS
lira. Treuhaft's service to the Communist
movement does, In fact, seem to be motivated
by the same kind of rebellion her other five
sisters had demonstrated in the opposite po-
litical direction. "Daughters and Rebels,"
Mrs. Treuhaft's autobiography published in
1980, dissects the rebellious daughters and
their indomitable drives. Even IronCommu-
nist Party discipline, commented one of her
readers, cannot confine a "mad Mitford" for
very long,
In bay area Communist circles, for example,
Mrs. Treuhaft has always carefully associated
with communism's upper crust. And despite
her ability to subordinate herself to such
short-term party goals as "police brutality"
drives, Mrs. Treuhaft's statements have never
been known to include endorsement of
"workers solidarity" or similar Communist
propaganda pillars.
A literate and amusing writer, she has
aimed her talent for satire at even such
sacrosanct Communist techniques as the use
of language as a weapon In the class struggle
(see "Fun and Games" story, this Issue).
After Romilly was killed in World War IT,
Mrs. Treuhaft met and married RobertTreu-
haft while both were employees of the Office
of Price Administration. At about the same
time, she became secretary of San Francisco
Local 221 of the United Federal Workers of
America, a Communist-dominated union.
LABOR SCHOOL OFFICIAL
In 1944 she assumed the post of financial
director for the now defunct Communist
California Labor School at its Oakland
branch.
Lending their home for various Commu-
nist benefits during the years that followed,
the Treuhafts hosted an annual all-night
party in August 1949. according to the Peo-
ple's World of August 23.
Most of Mrs. Treuhaft's efforts during the
1950's were devoted to promoting the East
Bay Civil Rights Congress. She and her sub-
ordinates In the group won "special praise
from Albert J. Lima (northern California
chairman of the Communist Party) for their
fight against the Smith Act," the November
23, 1951, People's World declared.
When the CRC championed Oaklander
Jerry Newson In a murder case In 1951, Mrs.
Treuhaft even induced her 6-year-old son
Nicholas. now deceased, to sell tickets for a
Newson benefit. The young child-whom
the Treuhafta had christened with the
middle name of Tito, according to the Labor
Herald-was arrested for selling tickets.
Together with their son Benjamin and
daughter Constancia, the Treuhafts visted
Hungary in the late 1950's and wrote a lauda-
tory account of "life under socialism" for
the People's World, February 17, 1957.
IDENTIFIED AS RED
An Independent-Progressive Party voter in
1952 and 1955, Mrs. Treuhaft was identified
as a branch and county functionary of the
Communist Party by Dickson Hill at Decem-
ber 1953 hearings of the House Committee
on Un-American Activities and as a party
member by Dr. Jack Patten, June 19, 1957.
She was also identified at 1956 Subversive
Activities Control Board hearings on the
California Labor School by former Commu-
nists William Michael Foard, who said Mrs.
Treuhaft was an officer at San Francisco
headquarters of the Communist Party, 942
Market Street; Bessie Honing, who had seen
Mrs. Treuhaft at a countywide meeting of
the Communist Party at Garibaldi Hall;
Sylvia G. Hill, who knew her during the early
portion of Mrs. Hill's role as an undercover
Communist for the FBI; Dorothy M. Jeffers,
who identified Mrs. Treuhaft as a party
functionary: Timothy Evans, who said she
was a member of his section in Kameda
County; George William Smith, who Tdenti-
fled her as present at an officers meeting in
Oakland.
Fired from the San Francisco Chronicle
staff after 3 months' work there in 1956,
Mrs. Treuhaft nevertheless continued active
as a journalist, Her justification of the San
Francisco Communist led riots against the
House Un-American Activities Committee in
1900 was featured by the Nation magazine.
DISINHERITED, BUT
When the second Lord Redesdale of Great
Britain, Mrs. Treuhaft's father, died in March
1058, he cut his Communist daughter from
his will. Through a legal fluke, however,
Mrs. Treuhaft received as a bequest Inch
Kenneth, an island in the Hebrides and site
of the family's ancestral castle.
The pYess reported then that she had
broken with her father more than 20 years
earlier over the Spanish Civil War question
and that her father hated "leftwingers."
Mr. Treuhaft, born in New York of Hunger-
tan Jewish parents, ascribed her father's ac-
tion to anti-Semitism.
Mrs. Treubaft's more recent Communist
activity has included picketing with the local
Morton Sobell committee, a group seeking
clemency for the condemned atom spy, dur-
ing the March 1962 visit to Berkeley of Presi-
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people. He could have listened to such
men as. Rafael Bonilla Aybar who was
daily reporting the expose of Bosch's
misdeeds over the radio and in his paper,
La Prensa Libre, to a large and growing
audience. He would have talked to such
a man as Don Jose Mejia who had suf-
fered unspeakable wrongs under Trujil-
lo and who had returned enthusiastically
to the Republic when Bosch was elected,
to cooperate with the new President.
What he saw under Bosch, however, dis-
enchanted him so completely that he
began pouring out a stream of slashing
attacks upon the regime in the press and
radio. The final weeks of Bosch saw
Santo Domingo ringing with the voices
of these and many other disillusioned
former supporters. Apparently Ambas-
sador Martin didn't hear them. Nor
did he understand the significance of the
July episode when the leaders of the
military warned Bosch that he must
mend his ways and clean house, or they
would turn against him. The adminis-
tration in Washington was walking
around in such a fogbank that only about
2 weeks before Bosch's fall it induced
the Alliance for Progress to offer Bosch
a multimillion dollar dam project in the
hope of beefing up his popularity.
There was also the questionable Sasha
Volman situation. Volman, originally a
protege of Norman Thomas and the New
York Socialists, had been pursuing a
covert and mysterious game in Central
America for several years. Former Presi-
dent Otilio Ulate of Costa Rica described
Volman as "one of the most dangerous
foreigners to have arrived in Costa Rica."
Ulate revealed that Volman "handles
enormous sums of money, from an un-
revealed source, collects "a large month-
ly income, and travels every month
to different countries in the Caribbean
area."
When Bosch was running for Presi-
dent, Volman appeared in the Dominican
Republic and attached himself to Bosch.
He apparently acquired a strange
ascendancy over Bosch's mind. When
the new President was inaugurated, he
installed Volman as his adviser on Wash-
ington relations. Volman convinced
him, truthfully or untruthfully as it may
be, that he had great influence with
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., and Mc-
George Bundy, who have advised the
President on Latin American policy.
When, in midsummer, -a situation arose in
which strong elements began to demand
that Ambassador Martin be replaced,
Volman informed Bosch that he had
phoned the White House to one of the
President's closest advisers and had
saved Martin's job. Bosch believed him.
It is true that Bosch carefully main-
tained a pose of noncommunism during
his Presidency. So, also, did Castro dur-
ing the first year of his rule in Cuba.
But actions speak louder than words.
The OAS has received a document,
prepared by Ambassador J. T. Bonilla
Atiles, revealing that Dr. Miguel Angel
Dominguez Guerra, Bosch's Minister of
the Interior and head of the national
police, was a "blatant" Castroite and a
member of the Partido Socialista Popu-
tar, a Communist front. Other top offi-
cials in the Bosch regime whom Dr.
Bonilla Atiles named as known Commu-
nists or Communist sympathizers were:
Luis del Rosairo Ceballos, Minister of
Public Works; Miguel Angel Valazques
Mainardi, Secretary of the Senate; Diego
Bordas, Minister of Industry; Julio Mar-
tinez, director of the Government 'TV-
radio station; Ramon Alberto Ferreras
Manual, executive in the Government
radio network.
It is to be wondered at, that the re-
sponsible people of the Dominican Re-
public felt the shadow of Castro falling
over their nation under the rule of such
a President?
With such unmistakable portents sig-
naling Bosch's certain collapse, Wash-
ington indulged itself in its usual game
of wishful thinking. Less than 3 weeks
before the coup, the New York Times
published a eulogistic article, hailing
Bosch as "a reformer with a mission"
and declaring that "the Bosch regime
had the anxious blessings of the Kennedy
administration." So, once again the
present administration had been per-
suaded by its left-minded entourage tp
go all out for a Communist-coddling
regime whose misgovernment was so
glaring that its own subjects were turn-
ing from it in disgust.
But the most disturbing phase of the
Bosch deposition was the wailing and
gnashing of teeth which suddenly com-
menced at the other side of the Capitol
when the news reached Washington.
One distinguished Senator actually pro-
posed that the U.S. Armed Forces should
forcibly take Bosch back to Santo Do-
mingo and restore him to the Presidency,
backed by American bayonets. Another
learned Senator bluntly proposed that
the OAS should set a police force to stop
future military uprisings in Latin Amer-
lea. Think of it-an OAS army to dic-
tate to the 20 autonomous and proud
Latin American nations what kind of
government they should be permitted to
have. And in Santo Domingo itself,
Spencer M. King, whom Ambassador
Martin had left behind as U.S. Charge
d'Affaires, showed his lapse from reality
by telling Manuel Tavares Espaillat,
Member of the Junta, that the United
States wanted them to place Juan Casa-
novas Garrido in the Presidency in
Bosch's place, as the price for recogni-
tion. Cassanovas was a henchman of
Bosch and at that very time was under
investigation by the new government on
the charge of complicity in some mis-
appropriations of money of Bosch's ad-
ministration. How could any clear-
thinking American diplomat imagine
that a Dominican public which had
exiled Bosch would accept another Do-
minican revolutionary party back in his
place?
Perhaps the best statement of the
situation which confronted the Domin-
ican people when they expelled Bosch
was given by Brig. Gen. Miguel Atila
Luna Perez, chief of the Dominican Air
Forces. General Luna said:
No one wished to dethrone the government
of Juan Bosch. It would have never hap-
pened, had Mr. Bosch been true to his re-
sponsibilities of maintaining democratic
principles and preserving internal peace.
Such internal peace was menaced by the
advance (which no one doubted) of Marx-
ism-Leninism, under the protective cloak of
a pro-Communist government which did not
take any preventive measures against it. -
This Marxist-Leninist advance became a
deadly menace to the traditions of a people'
who are fundamentally democratic and
Christian. There was something else which
caused our intervention, and that was the
contant violation of the Constitution of the
Republic, and the imminent enactment of a
series of laws of typical communistic intent.
Yes, we have certainly goofed in the
Dominican Republic. And we will goof
again, and even more dangerously, un-
less we quickly ask ourselves what is
really the matter with our Latin Amer-
ican policies.
If the Dominican Republic, as Cuba,
stood isolated as a failure in the admin-
istration's policy, the incident would be
deplorable enough. But unfortunately
the Dominican Republic does not stand
alone. The Bosch regime was merely
one of the arches of the whole structure
of U.S.-imposed "left liberal" gov-
ernments which, it seems quite evi-
dent to me, the present administration
is trying to set up in the Americas. That
it was an important arch is measured
by the infuriated outcry which has aris-
en from the Washington salesmen of
that policy since the Dominican people
rejected Bosch.
It is high time we reexamine this pol-
icy which is failing so dismally in the
Americas.
The strategy was defined by Adolf A.
Berle, Jr., in 1957 in his book "Tides of
Crisis" when he wrote that it was unim-
portant whether a nation lives under a
Socialist or non-Socialist government.
What is important is that the nation
should not live under a dictatorship. In
fact, a. rereading of the Berle book will
give us a theoretical background of all
the misbegotten ideas which President
Kennedy apparently has accepted un-
questioningly since he stepped into the
White House. Once we understand the
basic premises on which the strategy is
based we can understand why our coun-
try has met failure after failure in its
Latin American policy, and incidentally
in its entire foreign policy. If we would
only view the strategy through the eyes
of reality rather than through the rose-
colored glasses of idealism divorced from
reality, we could easily discover the basic
fallacy of this strategy. The catch in
the whole proposal is that there is no
real certainty that the crypto-Com-
munists and the-Socialists-the Bosches,
the Betancourts, the Ramon Villeda Mo-
raleses, the Haya de la Torres, the Paz
Estenssoros, the Arevalos-are really on
our side, that they have actually agreed
to play on our team. Do we have any
bona fide proof in fact that they are?
Their present pretense of friendliness
may be only a Dr. Jeykil act of expe-
diency to get U.S. help in their struggle
for power. Since they share with the
Moscow Communists a common belief in
the Marxist picture of the world, why
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eulogize Betancourt because he is a great
democratic leader and the foe of mili-
tary coup d'etats. Unfortunately, the
record shows that Mr. Betancourt Is
against coup d'etats only when he is not
conducting one himself. On October 18,
1945. President Isaias Medina Angarita,
who had been elected democratically In
the election of 1941, was overthrown by
a coup d'etat. Who was the leader of
this coup d'etat? You have guessed it.
It was Romulo Betancourt. Betancourt
was raised by the military to the post of
Provisional President. In the crypto-
Conimunist rulebook, the important
thing is who pulls off the coup.
To get the real picture of Betancourt
It would be revealing to consider his
whole career in Venezuela. Betancourt
is one of the few men in public life who
have ever drawn a diagram of their life
plan. This diagram, when we look at it,
gives a complete refutation to the touted
claim that Betancourt Is an anti-
Communist.
At this point, a question of semantics
faces us. If, by communism, one means
the Khrushchev or Castro brand of
.communism,
communism, a very valid case can be
out to prove that Betancourt is
against it But never in his zigzag career
has he ever repudiated the basic objec-
tive of communism-a socialized society.
Unlike Mao Tse-tung in China, like
Enver Hoxha in Albania, but deceivingly
like Tito in Yugoslavia, -Betancourt does
not accept Khrushchev's method of
reaching the Marxist goal. Right now he
is trying, with some success, to com-
munize Latin America, and, by mouthing
a few democratic phrases, to hoodwink
the United States into helping him do it.
When did he draw his diagram? In
1932 and 1933, Betancourt was an exile
in Costa Rica. By this time he had al-
ready been a veteran of 6 years of Com-
munist activity. With Machado and
Villalba he had set up an underground
Communist movement in Venezuela
while Gomez was President. He fled to
Costa Rica, and, with Manuel Mora, he
founded the Communist Party of Costa
Rica. He remained a member until 1935.
However, his keen mind began to play
around with the Idea that communism
could best be won in Latin America by
detaching itself from Stalin and Moscow.
He envisaged a nationalistic form of
communism which would assume a dif-
ferent and deceptive shape and name In
each country. Already, Haya de la Torre
in Peru had beenthinking along parallel
lines and had launched his Peruvian
Aprista movement, after returning from
Moscow.
And then Betancourt made the great-
est mistake of his careful career. He put
his plans down on paper. He sent them
In the form of letters to his Communist
comrades who were still operating as an
underground In Gomez's Venezuela, with
their base in Barranquila, Colombia.
One of those who received these letters
was Raul Leoni, who is now Betancourt's
candidate to succeed him as President of
Venezuela in the December 1963 elec-
tion.
In these letters, he told his little band
of disciples that Venezuela could be won
for communism If Communists would
only be smart enough to stop using the
Communist label. On January 27, 1932,
he wrote to Valmore Rodriguez:
should we assume that they would not
be just as great a menace to the United
States as Castro, once they are secure in
power?
Indeed, Fidel Castro is himself the
prime exhibit of the deadly danger of
this Washington attitude. Put into
power originally in Cuba with American
aid and acclamation, Castro, as late as
his visit to Washington in April 1959.
described himself as a "liberal" and de-
clared in Washington that "I am going
back to Cuba to fight the Communists."
Then less than 2 years later on Decem-
ber 2, 1961, he revealed to the world
what he really was. If he declared him-
self divorced from Khrushchev would he
be any less Castro? Would the people
have any more freedom than they have
now? What assurance do Americans
have that the present company of our
Socialist and crypto-Communist allies in
Latin America. whom the State Depart-
ment is frantically backing, do not en-
tertain the same Intentions of a final
doublecross?
Perhaps the best example of the dyna-
mite with which we are playing in Latin
America Is Romulo Betancourt, President
of Venezuela. Betancourt was Bosch's
No. 1 sponsor in the Dominican Republic.
During the days of their exile, Bosch
boasts that he was Betancourt's secre-
tary. It is no secret that Bosch con-
sulted Betancourt, after he became
President, in many of his major moves.
There have been reports in the Domini-
can Republic that Betancourt financed
Bosch's electoral campaign.
Today Betancourt is the beneficiary of
one of the most lavish and what I con-
sider one of the most undeserved build-
ups in the U.S. press of any Latin Ameri-
can of our times. Just as we heroized
Castro in 1958 and 1959, so the liberal
American press has pulled out all the
stops for Romulo. Even the usually con-
servative Readers Digest has joined the
"amen" chorus and has twice published
glowing panegyrics of the Venezuelan
President. It was most unfortunate that
at the height of the whole buildup. Presi-
dent Kennedy greeted Betancourt at the
White House last November with the
words :
You are the kind of President the United
States wants in Latin America.
For all the evidence indicates that
Romulo Betancourt has put over on the
American people, one of the most colos-
sal hoaxes ever perpetrated. It is a
hoax which he has maintained, in vary-
ing forms, for a quarter of a century.
For years, despite all his astute efforts to
entice the United States to help him to
get and hold control of Venezuela, we
refused to bite. It has remained for the
present administration to fall for him,
boots, baggage, and money. Today, not
only are we helping him to hold Vene-
zuela, we are also urging him to extend
his influence over other strategic points
of Latin America. We are accepting
him, wide-eyed and open-mouthed, in
the face of one of the longest and most
subversive Communist records in Latin
American history.
One of the minor absurdities of our"
times is to hear one of our misinformed
American liberal friends stand up and
We _ already know how those people fear
the aforesaid little word (communism). And
with vaseline we may be able to insert into
the people all of Marx and all of Lenin, the
most vehement hatred of private property,
the most intense and active desire to do
away with the capitalistic regime without
ever having to use this word which smells of
sulfur-communism.
In another letter of thesame date, he
wrote:
In Europe. the peasants and laborers have
reached a atage of political intelligence which
allows them to act as government funtion-
aries. But in Latin America the peasants
and laborers haven't that level of intelli-
gence. Therefore, a Marxist party founded
on that basis is doomed. The party to form
a high general staff to direct, and that high-
level staff should be formed by us because
I am confident that we will not allow a devia-
tion until we, with our high intellectuality,
will determine the right time has come to
make the left turn to the extreme leftwing
and ultimately to communism. I derive this
from the writings of Lenin who said: "The
party shall follow the leader's path." How
about It, little brothers? Are you of the
same opinion as I?
These letters would never have come
to light, and Betancourt's life plans
would have remained an undisclosed
secret, had it not been for two happen-
stances. One was the fact that Val-
more Rodriguez and Raul Leoni did not
destroy the letters. They retained them.
And the second accident was that the
Columbia police raided the secret Com-
munist headquarters in Barranquilla and
found the letters. They turned them
over to President Lopez Contreras of
Venezuela.
In 1936, President Lopez Contreras
published the letters in full, together
with a rogue's gallery of photos of Betan-
court, Leoni, and Miguel Otero Silva-
now a Betancourt senator-in an official
Red Book. It is the most damning evi-
dence of the secret Communist plan of
Betancourt that has yet been disclosed.
The significance of these Baranquilla
letters can be read in the subsequent
Betancourt career. A study of his life
will show that he has followed almost
faithfully the diagram which he drew
for his disciples in the early thirties.
Returning to Venezuela after Dictator
Gomez's death in 1935, he carried out
his "communism without the Communist
name" plan by establishing a new party,
the ORVE, which was declared illegal
by President Lopez Contreras on the
grounds that it was actually a Com-
munist Party. Later, after going under-
ground, Betancourt established the Par-
tido Democratico Nacional. This, in
turn, was illegalized, after a court action
in which It was shown that the principal
party leaders all were men with open
Communist records. With the same ele-
ments, Betancourt then launched his
Accion Democratica, the party through
which he acts today. This party, as we
have seen, participated with Perez
Jimenez In the coup d'etat which over-
threw President Medina in 1945. After
3 years of gross misrule, and communis-
tic government, Betancourt's first ad-
ministration was overthrown by a second
coup d'etat In 1948, the Accion Demo-
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cratica was illegalized, and Betancourt
went into exile.
However, it was in. the forties that
Betancourt made his second great politi-
cal discovery, a discovery which he has
coined into the minted gold of fabulous-
political success. That discovery was
that if he would make a pretense of an-
ticommunism and loudly proclaim him-
self as a democrat, he could obtain the
support of virtually the whole body of in-
fluential American liberals. They would
help him, with their press and radio con-
nections and with their great influence in
Washington, particularly in the State
Department, to get back into power.
Once restored to the Miraflores Palace in
Caracas, he could pursue Communist
aims while winning American plaudits
through his -anti-Communist pose. His
success in his latest period is attrib-
utable almost entirely to this astute
strategy.
This basic Betancourt strategy was
disclosed in April 1955, in an article pub-
lished in Venezuela Democratica, Betan-
court's newspaper in exile, which was is-
sued in Mexico during his stay in that
country. The article was a statement of
reasons why the Accion - Democratica
would not accept the invitation of the
exiled Venezuela Communist Party to go
into a united front.. It stated that if
they took such a course, "We would have
to renounce, without any compensation,
all possibility of aid from.the liberal and
democratic sectors in the United States,
from whom we can expect useful aid."
This excerpt appears in the book, "Com-
munism in Latin America,"-by Prof. R. J.
Alexander, himself a Socialist and a
stanch supporter of Betancourt. It is a
frank revealment of the motivation of
the Accion Democratica in opposing
communism. This motivation is not an-
ticommunism; it is cold-blooded political
expediency.
For over a decade, Betancourt has been
the recipient of the most fulsome cam-
paign of flattery by American liberals
ever enjoyed by a Latin American ruler.
The "liberals" have been his American
politics. They have shouted so loudly
that they have impressed, the Betancourt
virtues upon a large sector of the Ameri-
can press, and upon the principal policy-
making officials of the Kennedy admin-
istration. Today this tarnished- and
liberal mask-wearing Venezuelan crypto-
Communist has become the symbol to
millions of uninformed Americans of the
kind of . leadership which the United
States intends to support in the Ameri-
cas. God help Latin America if such is
the future which our Government has
planned for them. - -
But, someone will ask, if it is true that
Betancourt is playing a covert false-face
game in Venezuela, how does it happen
that he is fighting the Castroites and the
Communists in Venezuela? Why has he
taken recent measures to arrest their
leaders? - -
Here again we are dealing with a sit-
uation in which Betancourt is playing
with mirrors.
All evidence points to the fact that
Betancourt never wanted and never in-
tended actually to suppress the Commu-
nists. Castro himself is one of Betan-
court's -own disciples. It has been
charged that Betancourt intervened with
the Colombian authorities to save Castro
from death in Bogota in 1948 when he
was caught redhanded participating in
the bloody Communist uprising-Betan-
court was then the head of the Vene=
zuelan delegation to the OAS at the
Bogota meeting. It is incredulous to
suppose that Betancourt did not know
that Castro was a full-fledged Commu-
nist at the time. The official leader of
the Castro party In Venezuela, the MIR,
is Domingo Albert Rangel. Rangel is an-
other of Betancourt's pupils. He grew up
in the Accion Democratica, and broke
with Betancourt- only in 1961. Raul
Ramos Gimenez, leader of another pro-
Castro group, was also one of Betan-
court's henchmen in the Accion Demo-
cratica until 1962.
Even after Castro threw off the mask
and revealed himself as a Communist,
Betancourt continued to recognize him.
Long after the United States had broken
off relations with Cuba, Betancourt in-
sisted upon continuing diplomatic rela-
tions, breaking them off only after the
San Jose conference in August 1960,
when he knew he would risk Washington
friendship-and aid-if he persisted. -
His suppression of the Venezuela Com-
munists has been halfhearted and inef-
fective. Had he wished to end commu-
nism in Venezuela, there was a simple
and direct way to do it. He could have
outlawed the Communist Party, just as
half of the other Latin American coun-
tries have done. Betancourt has never
resorted to this obvious measure. All
along there has been something unmis-
takably two-handed about his highly
publicized reprisals against communism
and his failure, in every instance, to fol-
low through. As long ago as October 15,
1962, Betancourt's government an-
nounced that it planned to take court
action to outlaw the Communist Party
and the MIR. More than 1 year later
the action has not been taken. -
True, he had denied them the right to
participate in the rigged December 1963
presidential election, but it is highly
significant that when he came to pick
his successor for the Presidency he gave
the nod, not to a middle-of-the-roader,
but to Raul Leoni, his old, and tested
comrade of the Communist Party of the
thirties. -
But it will be asked, if Betancourt is a
part of the world Communist conspiracy,
why did he finally give the order, late
this summer, to arrest Machado and the
other top leaders of the official Commu-
nist Party? Is this not the sign that he
has broken completely with commu-
nism? -
On the surface, it would seem so. But,
like so many other things that happen in
the government of a crypto-Communist,
the real story is not the one which is
carefully fed out to friendly American
correspondents to be bold-typed in the
U.S. press.
Here is the real story, as given in El
Diario and La Prensa, New York, the
principal Spanish language newspaper
published in the United States. Here is
the story, by Felicino Jaspe, published in
the October 30 issue: -
It is secretly, but well known, among im-
portant people (in Venezula) that Betan-
court went on TV to announce action against
the Communists only when he was informed
by one of his agents within the armed forces
that they were coming to take action. The
decision of the armed forces resulted from
the assassination of two national guardsmen
on an excursion train which was going to
Les Teques, a- town near Caracas. Some
Venezuelans quoted the chief of the national
guard as saying, "If there is no one to take
armed action, I will do it myself." And here
is what all Venezuelans are saying: Betan-
court is being forced by the military to do
things which he does not want to do him-
self.
How different is this story from the
laudatory news stories which appeared in
the New York Times and other Betan-
court praising papers, picturing the au-
dacious Betancourt cracking down on the
party Communists. If he really wanted
to weaken the Communists, Betancourt
had from February 13, 1959, when he was
inaugurated President, until midsum-
mer, 1963, to take the logical action of
imprisoning the Machados, Faria, and
the other top Communist Party officials.
For more than 4 years, he gave the
Machados and Faria sanctuary to con-
tinue their Communist work in Vene-
zuela, under the alibi that they were
members of the Senate, and hence im-
mune to arrest. But when the armed
forces laid down the law to him and told
him that he must arrest the leaders,
Betancourt tremblingly found that he
had the power to do so, and he acted,
Does this seem like the course which
would have been pursued in violence-torn
Venezuela by a genuine anti-Communist?
Of course, there is only one answer to
such a question.
It is admittedly difficult to detect mo-
tives when one deals with men like
Betancourt. But taking a page from the
late Al Smith, let us look at the record.
Sometimes what men do speaks so loud-
ly it drowns - out what they say. If we
would carefully examine the record as a
whole, it becomes convincingly clear that
Betancourt does not actually want to
wipe out communism in Venezuela.
Venezuelans who have known Betancourt
through all his twists and turns believe
that the game he is now playing is to en-
force the ascendancy of his Accion
Democratica brand of communism over
the other Communist splinter groups-
'the Castroites of Rangel and Villalba,
and the orthodox Moscow-affiliated Com-
munists - of the Machado brothers. If
possible, he will keep the rival Commu-
nist sects alive for future purposes, but
right now he is trying to render them
powerless to weaken the Betancourt
hegemony.
Betancourt fools American liberals be-
cause they cannot understand the laby-
rinthine intricacies of the trained Com-
munist mind. They fail to see the- play
within the play. And so, the American
public which trusts the advice of the lib-
erals permits itself to be betrayed by its
own enthusiasm for the Titos, the Cas-
tros, and the Betancourts. The day of
revelation, in the case of Betancourt, has
not yet come. -
One of the incongruities of the Wash-
ington atmosphere today is the agonized
pain with which our liberal brethren
greet each setback to the crypto-Com-
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munist forces in Latin America. Every
reverse to the Betaneourts and the
Bosches is greeted as an intolerable blow
to the United States. If there Is a plan-
ning brain in international communism,
it could not have planned with more
lethal shrewdness. With the false pic-
ture of Latin America which the Com-
munists and Socialists have implanted in
their minds, nonradical Americans are
actually hailing the gravediggers of
Americanism as their champions in the
Latin American conflict. They are
lamenting the fall of the Bosches and the
Villeda Moraleses as If it were our loss.
Not since the days when half of our State
Department was hailing Mao Tse-tung In
China as a great "agrarian democrat"
have we been so cruelly mistaken.
But the latest development between the
Kennedy administration and the Betan-
court leftist regime is the information
which has recently reached the press
that President Kennedy has decided, in
the event of a military uprising In Betan-
court's Venezuela, to intervene in Betan-
court's defense with American troops.
The Allen-Scott report says:
President Kennedy has definitely decided
on that, and has so informed the State and
Defense Departments and members of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Presi-
dent Romulo Betancourt also has been told
of this momentous decision. ? ? * In prepa-
ration for possible recourse to American
troops, the administration has already set the
wheels in motion to get Senate backing for
such explosive action.
Think of what this means. The
United States, which timorously held
back from intervention in Castro's Cuba
and which argued, even before the Rus-
sians fortified the island, that we could
not intervene because we were pledged,
under the Rio Pact, to take no inter-
vention action without the agreement of
two-thirds of the members of the OAS,
now contemplates unilateral interven-
tion to save a Betancourt. The United
States, which let great China go down
the Communist drain, because, as we
then argued, we could not intervene to
save Chiang Kai-shek without United
Nations agreement, is now ready to vio-
late its signed agreements, for what?-
to keep crypto-Communist Betancourt in
power.
Truly the Kennedy administration, If
it attempts such a thing, will have come
full circle in its championship of the
left in Latin America. If we are willing
to repudiate all our commitments under
the Rio Pact and the Caracas Declara-
tion for the sole purpose of perpetuating
the rule of Romolo Betancourt in Vene-
zuela, then statesmanship has become a
plaything in the hands of political im-
maturity.
When the President of Venezuela came
to the United States last February, I was
one of a precious few who were willing
to speak openly words of warning against
all-out support of one who had not
proved beyond a shadow of a doubt that
he was not a part of the insidious attempt
to infiltrate this hemisphere with the
Marxist doctrines, so deadly to the health
of our civilization.
I felt then we had been sold a bill of
goods without having had the opportu-
nity to examine it carefully to see in it
the true character of the pattern.
It is understandable that those in
policy-making positions in our Govern-
ment were intent on finding someone,
somewhere, upon whom they could pin
their hopes as the Messiah of Latin
America. The people of the United
Suites do have the interests of the people
of all the Americas at heart. We want
governments to be stabilized. We would
like to stamp out dictatorships and il-
literacy and poverty and corruption. We
want others to enjoy the stability we
have gained in our own great land. A
symbol of strength and leadership to the
South was needed. Castro's lustre had
dimmed and in the exposure of the light
he was seen as he is.
"But," I ask, "just why did our State
Department hitch its wagon to a star
which if not the red of the Soviet Union
is certainly not the blue symbolic of
loyalty of leadership in the cause of
freedom?"
Within the past few months I have had
contact with a teacher of science In
Venezuela; conversations with a mem-
ber of an honored profession; a news-
paperman who spent nearly 15 years in
that area and who knows Betancourt
personally; a man who works for an
American concern but who is neither
Venezuelan or American; and several
other Venezuelans who have confided to
me that we are making a serious error
in our support of the present Govern-
ment of Venezuela which we trust will
take the leadership throughout Latin
America.
Following my remarks last February on
the eve of Betancourt's state visit, a news
reporter who had spent many years in
Latin America and who knows the Vene-
zuelan President personally, contacted
me by letter. He wrote:
You may not have all the facts but what
you have are correct. " ' ? Romulo never
indicated to me he had turned his back on
communism.
We are backing a movement In Latin
America which claims to be opposed to
individual Communists but not to
communism. Betancourt has publicly
spoken against Castro but his policies are
strangely in keeping with Castroism.
Let us beware lest we support those whose
only mission is to take control of the
sprouting movement In the South of this
hemisphere, who condemn all, friend and
enemy, whom they oppose not because of
what they believe and represent but for
the position of power they hold which
they want for themselves.
It is becoming increasingly evident
that our present policy in Latin America
is a dismal failure. The time to change
this policy in order to rectify our errors
in judgment and action is now, not when
the situation has so completely deterior-
ated that violent action on our part would
be required.
However, this Venezuelan proposal is a
crisis for the future. The curtain raiser
for such a course in Venezuela is the
present effort of a small group of Sena-
tors to stage a dress rehearsal interven-
tion in the Dominican Republic. If we
execute such an Intervention, and get
away with it, a similar step is almost
certain in Venezuela. The irony of the
present debate is that the very "liberal"
voices, which are now shouting most
clamorously for unilateral intervention,
include some of the men who protested
most passionately against unilateral in-
tervention in Cuba. Until Betancourt
and Bosch came into danger, the whole
kit and caboodle of this g roup were
violent anti-interventionists. To the
liberal mind, consistency is a jewel
only when it protects its own ideological
friends.
As the issues darken in the Caribbean,
it is Juan Bosch himself who has sud-
denly made the whole liberal effort to
save him meaningless and dangerous to
American security. The familiar chant
of the liberals to justify aid to Bosch and
Betancourt is that we need them to lock
the gate in their nations against Castro-
ism. Both Bosch and Betancourt have
played to the American gallery by de-
claring their last-ditch opposition to
Castro.
But when Bosch was taken from Santo
Domingo to the island of Guadelupe on
the first leg of his trip into exile, some
strange reversal to type caused him to
forget the lines which he was supposed
to speak. Reaching Guadelupe, he de-
clared, as reported by UPI:
This movement (the Castro movement) is
not calling for a struggle to achieve com-
munism, but to achieve liberty.
Later, Bosch tried to shrug this off
but his disclaimer is contradicted by the
fact that Gonzalo F3cio, President of the
Council of the OAS sharply rebuked
Bosch for his declaration. Facio is him-
self considered to be a member of the
left-liberal group in Latin America.
There is only one conclusion which we
can draw from this Bosch lapse into
truth-telling. Bosch, as his Dominican
opponents have always maintained, has
never actually been against Castro. I
am convinced that neither is Betan-
court, Castro's old mentor. I predict the
day will come, to the consternation of
the advisers who have been led to as-
sume such unrealistic policies in Latin
America, when Betancourt will similarly
unmask and tell us what he really wants.
But until that moment comes, he will
continue, like Tito, like Sukarno, to
fatten on our aid and our gullibility.
While the men -around Kennedy and
Munoz Marin In Puerto Rico are working
frantically to bring Bosch back and to
reimpose him upon the Dominican
people, Bosch himself has drawn a pic-
ture of the future which he and his kind
are planning for Latin America.
Writing in the October 14 issue of the
New Leader, a pro-Betancourt weekly,
he said:
The peoples of Latin America find them-
selves on the brink of a revolution. It is a
revolution that will once and for all do away
with the power of the minority of large land-
owners, businessmen and the upper-middle
class of our hemisphere, and that will dispose
of the military cliques which serve them.
? ? * But I fear that it will be almost im-
possible to prevent the coming revolution in
Latin America from being bloody, destruc-
tive and prolonged.
I wonder if President Kennedy with
his propensity for the Latin American
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left, proposes to underwrite that "bloody,
destructive and prolonged revolution."
I wonder if that is the kind of leader-
ship we would like to see throughout all
Latin America. I wonder if this is the
future our people are paying taxes for
through support of the Alliance for
Progress.
I have in this speech raised the ques-
tion of our official all-out acceptance of
the good faith of Betancourt and Bosch
because the issue has a gravity which far
outweighs our natural inclination to
trust the judgment of our national pol-
icymakers.
We are fighting a cold war for the
security of this hemisphere. Only a few
years ago, because we refused to face the
deadly seriousness of this struggle, we
indulged ourselves in the luxury of giv-
Ing the benefit of the doubt to Fidel
Castro. When three former U.S. Am-
bassadors to Cuba-Mr. Braden, Mr.
Smith, and Mr. Gardner-warned the
State Department that Castro's liberal-
ism was only a masquerade and that he
was actually an agent of the Communist
international, the warnings were con-
temptuously dismissed as rightist clap-
trap. Then, as now, we were told to join
the hallelujah chorus and give Castro all
our support.
What was our reward for accepting
this ill-advised counsel? We have lived
to see Cuba, under our horrified eyes,
converted into an armed and bristling
Russian base, frowning at us just 90
miles away.
Are we going to make that same mis-
take again?
The same kind of "gee whiz" minds
which accepted and lionized Castro in
1959 are now whooping up a demand for
unlimited support for Betancourt in his
staged contest with the Castroites. In
the face of his 30-year Communist and
revolutionary record, we are being asked
to accept him as America's Latin Amer-
ican standardbearer against Moscow.
If we fall into this trap, we will be in-
viting a disaster in Latin America the
magnitude of which will dwarf even the
catastrophe in Cuba. Can the United
States afford to take that risk? Can we
unquestioningly accept the word of Mr.
Schlesinger, who influences the admin-
istration on many things including Latin
American affairs, that the bad man of
Venezuela's yesterday is now noble and
admirable? Just when and where did
the switch take place?
Ladies and gentlemen, I insist that
we cannot afford to take.that gamble.
The administration is wrong in Vene-
zuela, just as it was wrong in Peru, in
the Dominican Republic, and before that
in Cuba. Let us reverse ourselves before
we become mired in something which can
only lead to further national humilia-
tion and a weakening of the cause of
freedom in the Western Hemisphere.
In summary, the reasons for my re-
marks today, and the sole motive be-
hind them, are to promote the good of
the United States and at the same time
to aid the cause of the peoples of all
Latin American countries--the cause of
individual freedoms, human dignity, and
a better way of life through democratic
self-governments of their own choosing.
I recognize this is a complex and mon-
umental challenge in any one country, to
say nothing of all those among the Latin
American countries where genuine re-
form is still a crying need and where
progress has not yet had even its begin-
nings. I labor under no delusions that
my lone voice will carry very far-or that
it is powerful enough to be even a little
effective. But what I have had to say
needed to be said. It needed to be said
because I feel that the American people
for the most part have been getting only
one side of the picture. It has been my
objective here to at least let the public
know there is another side; to state what
in my judgment that other side in-
eludes-both from the standpoint of
known fact- and fair and reasonable con-
clusion; toward the end that both the
people at home and those elected and
otherwise chosen to represent and serve
them in government may better weigh
all factors and have the benefit of all
evidence in charting and following the
best possible course of action throughout
the Americas.
THE WILDERNESS BILL
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Penn-
sylvania [Mr. SAYLOR] is recognized for
45 minutes.
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, recently,
on September 17, 1963, it was my privi-
lege to be on a panel at the Los Angeles
meeting of the American Mining Con-
gress conducted by the esteemed chair-
man of our Committee on Interior and
Insular Affairs, the Honorable WAYNE
ASPINALL of Colorado, and to have as a
fellow member of the panel the. chair-
man of the interior Committee's Sub-
committee on Public Lands, the Honor-
able WALTER BARING, of Nevada.
The wilderness bill, with which I have
so long been concerned, was not among
my own assigned subjects for that day,
but it was the full subject of Mr. BAR-
ING's remarks and was introduced by Mr.
ASPINALL. What they had to say about
wilderness legislation was of keen inter-
est to me at the time and has since in-
fluenced me to reconsider some aspects
of this important subject in the light of
their remarks.
REMARKS BY COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTEE
CHAIRMEN
Our chairman, the gentleman from
Colorado [Mr. AsPINALLI, introduced
the full texts of these addresses into the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for October 3,
1963, where they can be found on pages
17658 and 17659.
Mr. ASPINALL himself made the com-
ment that "we are continually making
additional Members of the House of
Representatives aware of the basic con-
stitutional question requiring affirma-
tive action by Congress in the designa-
tion of wilderness areas."
Mr. BARING assured that-and I quote
him:
If there Is going to be a wilderness bill,
there will be provisions for affirmative action
by Congress after the Chief Executive or his
Cabinet officers have made their review and
submitted their recommendations to Con-
gress.
20353
Mr. BARING indicated that further ac-
tion regarding the wilderness bill would
be dependent on its proponents' being,
as Mr. BARING put it, "willing to move
in the direction of the compromise of-
fered by the House committe last year."
NEW BILLS PROPOSED TO MEET SUGGESTIONS
During the past weeks I have been
pursuing these and other suggestions by
the chairman of our committee. With
other proponents of the wilderness bill
I have been working toward the develop-
ment of a proposal that might meet the
requirements of all concerned and thus
merit prompt enactment.
I am today introducing the results of
these efforts as a new.bill, and am asking
unanimous consent that its full text ap-
pear at the conclusion of my remarks.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION BY CONGRESS
I am happy to assure my colleagues
that this revised bill does propose and
provide for what our chairman described
as. "affirmative action by Congress in the
designation of wilderness areas."
On June 27, 1963, in a statement to the
House-a reprint of which I later sent
to each of my colleagues-I sought to
indicate a willingness to meet this re-
quirement. On, that occasion I said-
and I now quote:
Let me emphasize that it is the purpose
of advocates of the wilderness bill to see
positive action by Congress in establishing a
sound national wilderness preservation policy
and a program to make this policy effective
on the land.
And I said further:
Any proposals that provide for more posi-
tive congressional action will have our'sup-
port if they likewise iflsure the protection
as wilderness of the areas provided for in
the act until Congress does take further
positive action.
Accordingly, when I found that some
redrafting of the wilderness bill had been
attempted in the direction, as Mr. BAR-
ING Put, of the House committee bill last
year, I undertook to cooperate by adapt-
ing and adopting this myself.
It is this measure that I.am today in-
troducing.
SATISFACTION IN PROSPECTS FOR AGREEMENT
Before describing this bill in detail
and 'analyzing its contents, I should like
to emphasize briefly the satisfaction
with which I anticipate the prospect of
agreement on a wilderness bill.
If wilderness. is to be preserved in our
country, it must be by the firm deter-
mination of all who are concerned.
The urgency for the preservation of
some of our remaining areas of wilder-
ness has come from all parts of the Na-
tion. It has been nonpartisan, In
enacting a measure to establish wilder-
ness preservation as a national policy,
we must accordingly be nonpartisan and
nationwide in our view.
It is especially important that those
whose enterprises might destroy the
wilderness be among the supporters of
its preservation. They can see that the
needs for which wilderness might be sac-
rificed are met outside the wilderness.
They can provide the consensus on
which the preservation of wilderness in
our culture must be based if it is to en-
dure. .
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e~er,.7
I would indeed be happy to see differ-
ences regarding the wilderness bill re-
solved and to see a prospect for its en-
actment with a broad basis of nonparti-
san national support.
NEW BILL ONE ON WHICH WE CAN AGREE
The bill I now introduce, I am con-
vinced, is one on which we can all agree.
The committee may find ways to improve
it, and I shall be glad to cooperate In
its further consideration, but essentially,
I am satisfied; It meets the criticisms
made against its predecessors and meets
these in a way to merit its support.
It is described as follows:
DESCRIPTION OF TIIE BILL
The revised wilderness bill (H.R. 9070)
proposes to exercise congressional pre-
rogatives with regard to Federal lands-
pursuant to the Constitution's article IV,
section 3, 2d paragraph-by taking posi-
tive action to first establish a national
congressional policy for the preserva-
tion of some Federal areas as wilderness;
second, provide a program for carrying
out this policy through the administra-
tion of existing wilderness within the
national park system, within wildlife
refuges and ranges, and within certain
designated portions of the national for-
ests, by the presently established agen-
cies; and do this In such a way as to
preserve the wilderness character of the
lands without Interfering with their pres-
ent purposes and without transferring
any lands from one jurisdiction to an-
other; and, third, make provisions to
prevent the wilderness preservation pro-
gram from interfering with other pro-
grams and to provide for emergency and
other exceptions.
These objectives the wilderness bill
would achieve through, first, the declara-
tion of a national policy; second, the
designation by Congress of wilderness
areas; third, the provision of guidelines
for the use and administration of the
areas involved; and fourth, certain. other
provisions related to gifts, bequests, con-
tributions, inholdings, records, and re-
ports.
The measure requires no expenditures
beyond those that would be called for in
any case In administering the park, ref-
uge, or forest lands for their presently
established purposes.
The bill's provisions are more fully
yet briefly described as follows:
First. A national policy "to secure the
benefits of an enduring resource of wil-
derness" by establishing wilderness areas,
is set forth in section 2, which likewise
includes a definition of wilderness.
Second. The areas designated or to be
considered for designation as wilderness
areas are specified, and procedures for
determining the areas to be considered
are set up. Any lands not provided for
in this act are to be added only by a
subsequent act of Congress.
Third. Guidelines for the use and ad-
ministration of the wilderness areas are
set forth in section 4. which says that
nothing in the act shall interfere with
the purposes the areas serve as park,
refuge, or forest land but that these pur-
poses shall be served in such a way as to
preserve the wilderness character of the
lands designated' as wilderness Section
4 also prohibits certain uses Inconsistent
with wilderness preservation and makes
special provisions or exceptions regard-
ing certain nonconforming uses. The
President is authorized to allow certain
otherwise prohibited uses in specific
areas of wilderness If he finds these uses
"will better serve the interests of the
United States and the people thereof."
Fourth. Certain other provisions re-
garding State and private lands within
wilderness areas, gifts or bequests of
land, records and reports, and contribu-
tions are in sections 5, 6, and 7.
EXPLANATION. SECTION BY SECTION
An explanation of the measure, section
by section, Is as follows :
I
Section 1 states the title as the "Wil-
derness Act."
2
Section 2 is a statement of policy, in-
cluding a definition.
Section 2(a) is a statement of Con-
gress belief that increasing population
and human developments will occupy or
modify all areas of the Nation except
those set aside for preservation in their
natural condition. It Is accordingly de-
clared to be the policy of Congress to as-
sure the Nation an enduring resource of
wilderness, and for this purpose a Na-
tional Wilderness Preservation System
is established to be composed of appro-
priate federally owned areas.
Section 2(b) defines wilderness in
three sentences. The first States the
nature of wilderness in an ideal concept
of areas where the natural community of
life is untrammeled by man, who visits
but does not remain. The second sen-
tence describes an area of wilderness as
it Is to be considered for the purposes of
the act-areas where man's works are
substantially unnoticeable, where there
is outstanding opportunity for solitude or
a primitive or unconfined type of recrea-
tion, and where there may also-be ecolog-
ieal, geological, or other features of scien-
tific, educational, scenic, or historical
values-areas including at least 5,000
acres and of sufficient size to make their
preservation as wilderness practicable.
The third sentence says that for the pur-
poses of this act wilderness shall include
the areas provided for in its section 2.
Section 3 sets out the areas of Federal
lands in national forests, in the park
system, and in wildlife refuges and game
ranges which-subject to existing priv-
ate rights-are designated as wilder-
ness areas or are to be considered for
such designation. A procedure is es-
tablished that will assure review of every
area by the executive agency In charge
of It prior to its designation by the,Con-
gress. Addition of areas not specified
In the act is limited to those established
by later action by Congress.
NATIONAL FOREST LAND6
Section 3(a) -designates as wilderness
areas the presently existing wilderness,
wild, and canoe areas of the national
forest, and sets forth requirements that
maps and descriptions of the areas and
regulations regarding them be available
to the public.
Subsections 3(a) and (b) both deal
with national forestareas now adminis-
tratively classified for wilderness pro-
tection. There are 86 of these areas,
totaling some 14,731,471 acres (out of
the national forest total of 186 million
acres). -
The 17 wilderness and 32 wild areas
and the 1 canoe area have already been
carefully reviewed by the Forest Service
for classification as such and were clas-
sified after having been subjected to
public-notice and public-hearing pro-
cedures. Section 3(a) accordingly des-
ignates these as wilderness areas with-
out further review and sets forth re-
quirements for maps and descriptions
of them and for having maps, descrip-
tions, and copies of notices and reports
available to the public. These areas
immediately designated total 8,609,659
acres-wilderness areas 6,409,284, wild
1,165,523, and canoe 1,034,852.
Section 3(b) deals with the 3 dozen
now existing primitive areas in the na-
tional forests, the 36 areas comprising in
all 6,121,8.12 acres. These areas are
made subject to further review, half to
be completed in 3 years and all within 5
years. After the reviews by the Forest
Service, the Secretary of Agriculture is
to report the findings to the President
and the President is to make recom-
mendations regarding each area to the
Senate and the House. These recom-
mendations may Include a proposed
elimination and declassification of por-
tions not found to be predominantly of
wilderness value or proposed addition of
contiguous areas of national forest lands
that are predominantly of wilderness
value.
Each such recommendation will be-
come effective only if so provided by an
act of Congress. The primitive areas
are to continue in their status quo until
Congress has acted on a presidential
recommendation or has determined
otherwise.
There are other national forest areas
that are in fact wilderness but have
never been so classified for protection as
such. Nothing in this bill would prevent
the Secretary of Agriculture from con-
sidering such areas for preservation.
Each area, however, will have to be the
subject of further legislation in the fu-
ture. The bill provides that-and I
quote:
No Federal lands shall be designated as
"wilderness areas" except as provided for in
this Act or by a subsequent Act.
Section 3(c) makes a provision for
wilderness within national park system
areas and national wildlife refuges and
ranges that is like that made with regard
to primitive areas.
The -Secretary of the Interior in this
instance is to review the roadless por-
tions comprising 5,000 or more acres in
the parks and refuges and report his rec-
ommendations to the President.
The P,r'esident Is to advise the House
and the Senate of his recommendations.
An area will be given wilderness pro-
tection on a permanent basis only if and
when Congress so provides. The areas
are to be administered in status quo until
Congress has acted on a Presidential rec-
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Through resolutions adopted by our
Miami Reach national convention in Sep-
tember, the American Legion has pledged
its support and that of its members to as-
sist the law enforcement agencies of the
land whenever and wherever they can be of
help.
Basically, I believe the ? American people
to be' patriotic, law-abiding citizens. Yet,
as sometimes happens in 'our zeal to protect
our homes and families from the elements
of lawlessness, there is ever the tendency to
take the law into our own hands.
This is not the type .of help I mean when
I invite you to call upon Legionnaires to
assist you.
When I say use. them, I mean in the ca-
pacity that you would seek the assistance of
any good citizen who can be of help to you
in your work. The American Legion is not,
and does not propose to become an investi-
gative body. This is the work of the
trained, professional officer, which is as it
should be, and as the American Legion views
it.
I have mentioned the fact that the Amer-
ican Legion believes extremism to be unde-
sirable, yet in the very field in which you
men labor there appears to be extremes of
opinion as to how we may best cope with
the problems of lawlessness.
These. range from the apparent trend in
some communities to be over. sympathetic
to the cause of the criminal, to the opinion
expressed in some circles that the FBI should
be converted into a national police force, or
that a -new agency be created as a national
police force.
Again, may I say.I believe it would be a
mistake to go overboard in either direction.
As a practicing attorney, I believe the pun-
ishment should fit the crime, and that jus-
tice should be administered fairly and im-
partially.
I believe that justice should be. admin-
istered with logic and with reason, and tak-
ing note of the alarming increase in major
crimes committed by youngsters under the
age of 18, I believe there is a pressing need
for more effective programs of rehabilitation
of youngsters who have gone astray.
To be sure, there are the incorrigibles
among the younger criminal element. On
the other hand, there are those who made a
mistake and who, with proper guidance,
could become useful members of society. I
do not propose to excuse a criminal act be-
cause of the age of the offender. I do say
that every effort should be made to save that
which is salvageable.
As a citizen, I concur with Director
Hoover's view that a national police force
is neither necessary nor desirable. I believe
that such an agency could conceivably con-
stitute a dangerous encroachment by the
Federal Government.
The responsibility for proper law enforce-
ment is primarily that of local agencies and
of local citizens, and there the responsibility
should remain. The FBI certainly has
proved its capabilities for enforcing those
Federal laws which fall within its jurisdic-
tion, and the cooperative effort they provide
to local and State enforcement agencies leads
me to believe we already have the machinery
to do the job;
You men of this graduating class from the
FBI National Academy have a rare oppor-
tunity and a significant challenge facing you
as you return to your respective departments
across this land in foreign countries. Yours
is the opportunity to help raise the stand-
ards of performance of your fellow officers by
imparting to them the knowledge you have
gained here. Yours is the challenge of in-
suring that law and order shall prevail' in
your respective communities.
On behalf of the American Legion I wish
you Godspeed in the vital mission you are
about to assume.
ADfdRESS OF MR. ROBERT E. FRUSIINR,
OKLAHOMA HIGHWAY PATROL
Mr. Hoover, Mr. McCormack, Mr. Foley,
Mr. Clark, Dr. Elson, distinguished guests,
fellow classmates, ladies and gentlemen, "It
has been said that a mail who works with his
hands is a laborer, a man who works with
his hands and his head is a craftsman, a man
who works with his hands, his head and his
heart is an artist."
This was a quote which one of our class-
mates came across during the extensive re-
search which we performed in the last 12
weeks. It is, I think, quite appropriate for
this occasion.
Some of us arrived hero as laborers, others
as craftsmen. Perhaps a few even ap-
proached the status of artist. But none had
the knowledge and training necessary to be
fully competent as. laborer, craftsman or
artist in the law enforcement profession.
This was one of the first lessons we learned.
So we renewed our determination to gain as
much knowledge as possible during the 3
months ahead of us.
With graduation, we are beginning to re-
alize and appreciate what these 8 months
have meant to us. We have learned that
hands and head. are not enough to make us
truly professional law enforcement officers-
we must put our hearts into our work also.
We realize we are just beginning to learn
about our chosen profession. To conclude
that we are now totally enlightened with re-
spect to law enforcement would be a betrayal
of Mr. Hoover and all the people connected
with.the FBI National Academy. We have
learned much, but the most important lesson
taught us is that we must continue to study
and work to advance ourselves and our pro-
fession.
I take great pleasure and pride in serving
as the spokesman for this class to thank you,
Mr. Hoover, for having had the foresight to
create this Academy, to benefit all law en-
forcement officers. Its excellent influence
on law enforcement has. been tremendous
and is growing steadily. I doubt that there
is an officer in the United States who has not
heard about the FBI National Academy.
Many of them hope, as we did, to attend it,
A number of us have been closely associated
with officers who previously attended the
Academy and have benefited from the knowl-
edge they obtained. here. But not until we
became a part of the fellowship we have en-
joyed in and out of class and spent the many
long nights together in study.did we fully
appreciate the'meaning of this Academy.
This is one of the largest classes ever to
be graduated. We have had the privilege
and honor of having 18 officers from 13 for-
eign countries in this class: It has been en-
couraging to learn that our fellow officers
from other parts of the world are dedicated
to the same principles we hold, and that they
are striving as we are to improve their status
and stature through proper training. We
enjoyed working with these men and feel
we have established new and valued friend-
ships which will help advance the cause of
good law enforcement around the world. We
also are proud of the members of our class
who shot perfect scores on the practical pistol
course.
We are deeply indebted to the special
agent counselors, to each member of the
Academy training staff, to the visiting lec-
turers and to all other members of the FBI
who have given of their time, knowledge, and
years of experience to make this Academy a
success.
We cannot forget the ones who were left
behind during our stay in Washington-our
wives and children. Without their love and
faith, it would not have been possible to
attend or complete this course.
We assure you, Mr'. Hoover, and the ad-
ministrators of our departments, that we will
November 7
share our knowledge with other officers and
will strive to make law enforcement a better
profession for ourselves and those who fol-
low. We return home knowing that the
knowledge obtained here will enable us to
better use our hands, our heads, and our
hearts, and to teach others to do the same
so that we all may become artists in our_
profession. t
r LL
SUBVERSION, NOT SUGAR, CU
TOP EXPORT
(Mr. SELDEN (at the request of Mr.
TUTEN) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks. at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, we ob-
served last month the first anniversary of
a crisis which brought the world to the
threshold of nuclear disaster. A year ago,-
our people recognized that the risk in
Cuba was great, but so were the stakes.
Our action was hailed by our friends,
and our firm resolve at a time of supreme
crisis gained for us new confidence from
our hemispheric neighbors. The initia-
tive we gained last fall in this area has
since slipped from our grasp. Fidel Cas-
tro and his Kremlin-supported govern-
ment remain the unfinished business of
the hemisphere. Today we are again on
the defensive in Latin America, where
gnawing Castro-Communist subversive
activities are increasing.
Hearings conducted by the Subcom-
mittee on Inter-American Affairs earlier
this year indicated the scope of Commu-
nist subversive' activities emanating from
Cuba. A recent three-part newspaper
article by Mr. Charles Keely of the Cop-
ley News Service not only "substantiates
the findings of the subcommittee but
reveals that Communist subversion in
the Latin American area is being stepped
up. Mr. Keely's articles follow:
COMMUNISM ? IN LATIN AMERICA
(By Charles Keely)
(First of three articles)
WASHINGTON.-A year ago Russia took one
step backward and withdrew missiles from
Cuba. Since then, the Communists have
taken a dozen important steps forward to-
ward their goal of a Red takeover of Latin
America.
The steps are documented. They reveal
that Premier Fidel Castro's Cuba is a
launching pad for subversion of the West-
ern Hemisphere.
Today, 10 schools of guerrilla warfare and
subversion are operating at full capacity in
Cuba. Last year, according to Central In-
telligence Agency Director John McCone,
1,600 Latin Americans received such training
in Cuba. More schools are being built.
Intelligence sources estimate 20,000 secret
Red agents can be trained this year in
Cuba's subversion centers.
In essence, McCone told Congress last'
February, "Castro tells revolutionaries
* * * `Come to Cuba; we will pay your
way, we will train you in underground or-
ganization techniques, in guerrilla warfare,
In sabotage and in terrorism. We will see
that you get back to' your homeland.'"
Travel bans have not hurt Cuba's subver-
sion school attendance, an Organization of
American States security committee reports.
"Despite limited means of transportation
to Cuba today," the OAS said, "Trips to that
country have been increasing in number
during the current year."
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was subjected to the most vitriolic criticism
of many of our supposely leading newspapers.
Yet, fearlessly, he went forward and carried
through to success the necessary legislation
that would enable the Government of the
United States to curtail and to combat such
forces. He likewise has alined himself very
forcefully with the legislation being sought
by the various Attorneys General over the re-
cent years to combat the underworld activ-
ities and, particularly now, the activities of
the Cosa Nostra. A man like him is seldom
found to have reached so many years and to
have accomplished so much and we are
Indeed privileged to you, Mr. Speaker, this
morning for having you with us.
ADDRESS BY DANIEL F. FOLEY, NATIONAL
COMMANDER, THE AMERICAN LEGION
It is with great pride and pleasure that I
come before you on this occasion which I
know is a most significant event in the lives
of you officers who are graduating from this
72d session of the FBI National Academy.
While none can foretell the total impact
that these past 12 weeks of intensive train-
ing may have upon your lives and careers, It
is safe to assume that each of you will have
benefited substantially from the training
you have received here.
I am confident also, that your respective
departments, your fellow officers, and your
communities will reap abundant rewards for
your having been here. There is no other
place in America where you may acquire the
professional skills taught here, and rm sure
there Is no place where you will find a staff
of more experienced and expert Instructors
In the various phases of law enforcement.
You may take justifiable pride In the fact
you were selected to attend this Academy for
you were selected on the recommendation of
your superiors, and with the endorsement of
Director J. Edgar Hoover under whose leader-
ship this Academy was conceived and de-
veloped to its present high state of efficiency.
Naturally, the training in law enforcement
work will be the greatest single asset you will
carry with you from the FBI Academy.
There are, however, certain intangibles asso-
ciated with this experience that will serve
you well in the years ahead.
Important among these intangibles is the
comradeship established as you worked and
studied with men from 37 States and 13 for-
eign countries-men whose chosen profes-
sion and ultimate objectives are the same as
yours.
You have cultivated friendships and de-
veloped an understanding of personalities
and backgrounds entirely different from
those which you encounter in your daily
work at home. Your associations here have
provided you with an understanding and
appreciation of problems peculiar to certain
areas, and the realization that many prob-
lems are universal. I would urge you to
maintain the friendships and understanding
which have developed here, for they are
priceless. It was precisely this type of rela-
tionship, developed during wartime military
service to our Nation, which led to the
founding of the American Legion.
Another, and equally important intangible
is the espirit de corps which you must feel.
None can be closely associated with the FBI
without being inspired by the spirit of this
organization. Mr. Hoover's personal dedica-
tion to law and order has been instilled in
every member of the FBI and, as a result,
this great organization has been lifted above
the norm and into the realm of excellence.
No organization can hope to achieve great-
ness without members with spirit who take
pride In their group, its work, and Its ob-
jectives. Thankfully, the same 23A million
members of the American Legion are imbued
with this same spirit and pride In the work
which they seek to accomplish.
The American Legion is comprised of men
and women from all walks of life, of widely
diversified backgrounds and interests. They
have a common goal, however. Each Is dedi-
cated to keeping this great Nation strong and
free.
All Legionnaires are personally aware of
the rigors of wartime service. Many of our
members carry visible reminders of the
armed conflicts which America has been
forced to fight. Yet, those of us who remain
share a common and sacred trust to perpet-
uate the high cause of freedom which so
many fought and died to preserve.
When a small group of veterans of the
American Expeditionary Force met In Paris,
France, in 1919, to form what is now the
American Legion, they immediately defined
the principles and purposes for which this
great organisation would stand -through the
years. and which included:
1. The creation of a fraternity based on a
firm comradesh'p born of wartime service,
and dedicated to the cause of equal treat-
ment for all veterans, particularly the dis-
abled, their wid.-)ws, and orphans.
2. A system of national defense for Amer-
lea, Including a program of universal mili-
tary training which would keep this Nation
strong and serve as a deterrent to future
would-be aggressors.
3. The promotion of patriotism and the
combating of materialistic and totalitarian
Ideologies which recognize neither the honor
nor the dignity of man.
Justice for the disabled was. Is, and shall
always be a major goal of the American Le-
gion. The achievements of the Legion in
this area of concern is a matter of record and
of history, but the effort continues.
From the Legion's concern for the chil-
dren of disabled and deceased veterans was
born the American Legion child welfare pro-
gram, which long since has expanded its
scope of activity so that it now operates
under the slogan of "A Square Deal for Every
Child" Since 1925, the Legion and Itk
amliated organizations have contributed
more than $185 million to this cause, rang-
ing from direct financial assistance to the
children of needy veterans to major con-
tributions for research into crippling dis-
cases and vexing problems affecting Amer-
ica's youth.
The success of this program through the
years may be traced to an alertness to
changing concepts of child care and guid-
ance dictated by rapidly changing social con-
ditions. New areas of concern for our child
welfare program include support for more
rigid Federal and State controls over the
Illicit drug traffic which is a growing menace
to our young people. We also seek laws that
would require reporting to the proper au-
thorities of cases of physical abuse of chil-
dren by adults, similar to laws now requiring
the reporting of gunshot wounds.
The American Legion's Intense Interest in
national security Is a natural area of concern
for our organization. We have asked, and
we continue to ask that our Nation main-
tain defensive forces, both in men and ma-
terial, superior to those of any potential
enemy. We ask that these forces be main-
tained in the hope that they need never be
employed-but we of the Legion believe that
preparedness Is the key to the maintenance
of freedom, and we believe that our best
defense to a military potential unmatched
throughout the world, and strongly backed
by the patriotic and moral resources of a
freedom -loving citizenry.
We believe our Nation should always be
prepared to speak from a position of strength
to those who understand no other language.
The validity of our position has been pain-
fully proved. After World War I our Na-
tion's military strength was dissipated. We
were gravely unprepared to defend ourselves
as was shown so forcefully at the time of
the attack upon Pearl Harbor.
Again in Korea America's citizen soldiers
responded, and acquitted themselves nobly-
but were we really ready? America finally
adopted a form of universal military train-
ing-s, program long advocated by the
American Legion-and that program was
strengthened with the enactment in 1955 of
the national security training law. We shall
continue to speak up on behalf of adequate
and modern weapons and well-trained men
as a deterrent to aggression.
The greatest military machine in the world
cannot prevail if America Is permitted to de-
cay from within. Crime and delinquency
have an adverse Influence upon our commu-
nities, and must be eliminated. Further-
more, there are powerful influences at work
In America today intent upon destroying our
moral strength and our dedication to the
principles of freedom. I Speak of the Com-
munist Party, U.S.A., and Its various front
groups.
The Legion, is and always has been, a de-
termined foe of communism. While the
struggle with communism has cost many lives
In Korea, In Vietnam, and in other trou-
bled areas of the world, the struggle here at
home has been bloodless but no less treach-
erous.
Members of the Communist Party, U.S.A.,
have used every conceivable trick and device
In the effort to influence Americans toward
their viewpoint, and strive constantly to
dull Americans' sense of appreciation for
the freedoms they enjoy and to weaken their
will to fight to preserve them.
Almost daily we read or hear of Commu-
nist efforts to Infiltrate our Government
and steal our defense secrets. The Commu-
nists are bent on imposing their will upon
us, and we must be as dedicated in our ef-
forts to resist the encroachments of core-
munism as they are to foster their false
Ideologies.
If our freedoms fall, that of the remainder
of the free world will fall with us for this
Nation is the last major barrier to the Red
goal of world conquest.
It is our contention, and again history has
proved the accuracy of our stand, that the
course of extremism, either to the right or
to the left, is the course of failure. To fol-
low such a course has brought about the
downfall of many men, of many govern-
ments, yes, even of entire civilizations,
It is the view of the Legion that a strong
program of positive Americanism, strength-
ening our basic belief in our principles and
Ideals, Is the best answer to atheistic com-
munism. Through Legion-sponsored Amer-
icanism programs, more than three-quarters
of a million American youngsters each year
are exposed to activities designed to give
them a greater appreciation of our form of
government and our way of life.
Our Boys State and Boys Nation programs
teach better citizenship to more than 27,000
boys each year. More than 122,000 young-
sters each year learn the elements of citizen-
ship and self-sufficiency through Legion-
sponsored Boy Scout units. Some 355,000
high school students annually learn the
meaning of our Constitution and Bill of
Rights through preparation for the Legion's
national high school oratorical contest, and
a quarter of a million youngsters learn the
rules of the game of life while playing Amer-
ican Legion baseball each year.
Through these programs we hope to help
our young people grow to responsible adult
citizenship-to develop strong minds in
sound bodies, and to stem the tide of de-
linquency which produces all too many
potential criminals.
The scope of organized crime in these
United States has been made alarmingly
clear to Americans in recent weeks, and Mr.
Hoover has wisely warned that law enforce-
ment cannot achieve total victory over the
elements of lawfulness without the cooper-
ation and assistance of the honest citizens
of each community, Individually and col-
loctively,
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Many of the students reach Cuba by slip-
ping across the British. Honduran border in-
to Mexico, the Cuban Student Directorate
(DRE) has revealed. From. islands off the
Yucatan Peninsula, they are taken in small
boats to a sea rendezvous with Castro's
"fishing fleet."
The Latins are then taken to the port of
La Coloma, in Cuba's Pinar del Rio Prav-
ince, and transported to the different train-
ing camps. Others fly or sail into Cuba from
Communist countries.
Castro's clumsy and unsuccessful efforts
to invade and subvert neighboring Carib-
bean countries during his first 9 months in
power have been given professional guid-
ance by trained "technicians" from the So-
viet bloc.
The State Department's Sterling Cottrell
says that Reds from satellite nations today
outnumber Russians in Cuba. Cottrell,
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Latin
America, told Congress August 13 that
"Czechs, Rumanians, Bulgarians, and others"
are in Cuba to train Latin Americans in the
arts of modern guerrilla warfare and sub-
version. The threat to the United States of
Soviet troops in Cuba is secondary to the
use of the island as a base to export revolu-
tion, said Cottrell.
"Today the Cuban effort is far more so-
phisticated, more covert, and more deadly,"
CIA's McCone explained. "In its profes-
sional tradecraft it shows guidance and
training by experienced Communist advis-
ers from the Soviet bloc including veteran
Spanish Communists."
One Spanish Communist, Gen. Alberto
Bayo, created the "Revolutionary Comman-
dos for Latin America" (ORAL) to train
Latins to instigate insurrections against
their governments. To strengthen CRAL,
DRE claims, Soviet Col. Jarslav Valensky in-
stituted an International Military Command
to control the widespread net of Commu-
nist front groups in Latin America.
A "supreme command" for Latin American
guerrillas has been set up in Cuba by the
Soviet Ministry of Defense, according to ex-
ile intelligence sources. Its headquarters
are in Santiago de Cuba where guerrilla op-
erations throughout the hemisphere are
masterminded and coordinated.
Enrique Lister, another Spaniard, runs
the Minas del Frio subversion school in
Oriente Province. Lister, a graduate of the
Soviet's Fruntze Military Academy, is as-
sisted by former Guatemalan President Col.
Jacobo Arbenz.
At the Julio Antonio Melia School near
Havana, Communists are training Latin la-
bor leaders. Military personnel receive in-
struction at the El Cortijo School in Pinar
del Rio, the Citizens Committee for a Free
Cuba reports. The San Lorenzo School in
Oriente specializes in guerrilla training.
Subversion centers are spread across the
island.
COMMUNISM IN LATIN AMERICA
(By Charles Keely)
(Second of three articles)
WASHINGTON.-Cuban Maj. Maximo Can-
ales left San Julien Air Base in Cuba with
five Venezuelan terrorists trained in Pre-
mier Fidel Castro's guerrilla warfare schools,'
and flew over the Sari Andres Islands off the
coast of Panama.
The men parachuted into the water and
were picked up by a small fishing boat which
took them to Maracaibo, Venezuela. Later
they joined a guerrilla force of the pro-
Castro FALN organization to wage war
against President Romulo Betancourt.
Subversion has replaced sugar ,as. Cuba's
top export.
Many of the thousands of Latin Americans
receiving training in Cuba today are being
parachuted back into their homelands.
Others return to Mexico in "shrimp boats,"
and then go home.
According to Central Intelligence Agency
Director John, McCone, Fidel Castro tells
these trained subversives, "We will keep in
touch with,you, give you propaganda sup-
port, send you propaganda materials * *
secret communications methods, and per-
laps funds and specialized. demolition
equipment."
Venezuela, says McCone, is Castro's "No. 1"
target and FALN's sabotage "is the work of
experts (using) advanced types of explo-
sives."
McCone told Representative ARMISTEAD
SELDEN'S, Democrat, of Alabama, Foreign Af-
fairs Subcommittee on Latin America that
more than 200 Venezuelans received training
in Cuba in 1962. He said the number is
increasing this year.
The 1,500 Latin Americans who were
trained in Cuba last year, according to Mc-
Cone, took courses ranging from 4 weeks to
a year.
They include "intensive training in sabo-
tage, espionage, or psychological warfare."
No country in the Western Hemisphere is
immune to the cancer of Castro-inspired ter-
rorism. On November 17, 1962, the Federal
Bureau of Investigation in New York City
smashed a Castro-Communist plot to launch
a series of terrorist attacks on department
stores. The FBI reported that members of
Cuba's United Nations delegation were
training "a corps of Cuban Communists in
the use of explosives."
The United States and Its Latin neighbors
have met the Communist challenge with
limited success.
The Selden subcommittee recommended to
President Kennedy that the United States
"should be prepared to act with military
force" to help any nation in danger of being
overthrown by Communist subversive ag-
gression.
The Organization of American States
(OAS) has passed numerous resolutions
dealing with means to counter the Castro
offensive.
Yet, day by day the Cuban-trained terror-
ists nibble away at this false front of anti-
Castro hemispheric unity.
"These wolves in sheep's clothing are the
greatest danger ever to threaten the country,"
explained Colombian President Guillermo
Leon Valencia on September 25,
. On October 2 Radio Havana warned the
Nicaraguan Government "to take care."
Broadcasting from Cuba, a woman identified
as Blanca Sandino, daughter of the late Nic-
araguan rebel bandit, regularly incites
Nicaraguans to rebel and join pro-Castro
guerrillas whom she says already are oper-
ating in the country,
The Cuban Student Directorate in Exile
claims that 100 instructors, trained in Cuba,
have organized a Colombian guerrilla force
of more than 1,600, broken into 13 groups in
5 territorial areas.
. Tony Varona, former Cuban foreign minis-
ter and leader of the Cuban Revolutionary
Council, told Congress that the international
Communist movement is enlisting volunteers
in all 19 Latin countries. The objective, he
said, is to build. a people's army. of 400,000
men, 100,000 women, and 200,000 reserves to
defend Cuba in the event of aggression,
COMMUNISM IN LATIN AMERICA
(By Charles Keely)
(Last of three articles)
WASHINGTON.-On, September 12, Cuban-
trained Colombian rebels kidnaped wealthy
Cattleman German Mejia Duque and held
him for $250,000 ransom.
During the 6 days he spent in the insur-
gents' camp before his rescue by army troops,
Mejia said a Cuban plane flew over the area
and dropped weapons, propaganda and other
material to Premier Fidel Castro's look-alike
guerrilla leader Federico Arango Fonnegra,
The bearded Arango told Mejia that Castro
recently had sent him $20,000 with a warn-
ing. that this. would be the last financial
support he would get if his terrorists did not
accomplish a decisive operation against the
Government...
Colombian. Interior Minister Aurelio Ca-
macho Rueda; Said Castro is openly Interven-
ing in Colombia by "sending arms and money
from Cuba tothe bandits and the offering
of scholarships to Colombian students to
study guerrilla warfare and terroristtech-
niques in Havana."
Twelve tons of Communist propaganda is
discovered monthly by Panama's customs
authorities, according to Centeral Intelli-
gence Agency Director John McCone. An-
other 10 tons comes into Costa Rica.
"Castro is strengthening his position" in
the wake of last October's missile crisis, says
Costa Rican President Francisco Orlich.
"I expect continuous, increased attempts at
agitation here."
Former Guatemalan President Miguel Ydi-
goras Fuentes charged last February that
since late 1959 Russian submarines have
been reaching the Central American Pacific
and Atlantic coasts to unload men and
arms.
Cuba has clearly become an open flood-
gate for. a torrent of terrorists. They flood
a politically parched Latin America, sowing
seeds of subversion.
When Castro can't finance them, they turn
to other sources of income.
Peruvian guerrillas, teamed with "ordi-
nary criminals," robbed a Lima bank last
year of $100,000 and split the loot 50-50, Mc-
Cone told a congressional subcommittee sev-
eral months ago.
Venezuelan pro-Castro terrorists robbed
a bank last February of $25,000.
"The principle that guerrillas must be
self-sustaining his obviously been applied to
finances," McCone explained.
But he added that there are also involved
bank transfers by which Cuban money even-
tually reaches Latin American Communist-
front groups.
One such example was outlined here sev-
eral Weeks ago by British Guianese Sen. Anne
Jardim, who revealed documents showing the
transfer of $1 million from Russia through
Cuba to Prime Minister Cheddi Jagan, the
Communists' best friend in South America.
Castro sounded the keynote for Cuban sub-
version on July 26, 1960.
"We promise to continue making Cuba
the example that can convert the Cordillera
of the Andes into the Sierra Maestra of the
American continent," he said.
He has restated this goal on countless
occasions, with the full blessing of Moscow
and Peiping.
Intelligence sources say Castro's subver-
sive pipeline to Latin America today is his
growing "fishing fleet."
With the help of the Japanese, Castro has
built an estimated 169 fishing vessels, though
Hurricane Flora reportedly sunk 39. These
vessels carry their subversive cargoes be-
tween Cuba and Latin America.
An Organization of American States (OAS)
security committee has reported that. this
Communist advance in the Western Hemi-
sphere is due mainly to the lack of informa-
tion regarding its true aims.
Col. Jose Luis Cruz Salazar, Guatemalan
politician and soldier, told Congress February
27 that the Communist menace is not specu-
lation.
"It is a -reality, and we must open our eyes
to it," he said.
THE CASE AGAINST JESSICA MIT-
FORD, HER SUPPORTERS AND AD-
MIRERS
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the gentleman from Cali-
fornia [Mr. Uz'1'] is recognized for 45
minutes.
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 20346 Approved For I G 68 /tI :I 6?MQ BSR000200240069-1 November 7
(Mr. DTF asked and was given permis-
sion to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. UTT. A few weeks ago I Inserted
some remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL Rite-
ORD with reference to Jessica Mitford-
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, October 15, 1963,
page A6429. These remarks brought
forth a hail of condemnation from the
lethal left which quickly sprang to her
defense with all kinds of maudlin apolo-
gies. I was not surprised to see the edi-
torial in the New York Times of Octo-
ber 21, 1963, which indicated that no
one without congressional immunity
would dare make such a statement. The
statements which I made have been pub-
lished in many periodicals which do not
have congressional immunity, so that
dodge is pure hogwash.
In assessing the New York Times, it
should be remembered that it was most
laudatory in its praises of Communist
Castro, and one of its reporters, Herbert
Matthews, was most instrumental in
working with our State Department en-
voys in establishing the Communist Cas-
tro government, and even last week Cas-
tro praised Herbert Matthews of the
New York Times, who is now visiting
Cuba with his wife. I am wondering
how Matthews got his passport validated
to visit Cuba, while the State Depart-
ment has been refusing permission to
students to visit Cuba.
It was not my purpose then, nor is it
now, to defend the abuses which un-
doubtedly exist in the funeral business.
These same abuses can be charged to
many American businesses. In fact, ev-
ery time I buy a new automobile I am
persuaded to include some extras which
are very nice, but not absolutely neces-
sary. Some of these extras cost more
than the average funeral, but I did not
have to buy them. My real purpose for
my original remarks was that I felt that
when CBS in its so-called documentary,
"The Great American Funeral," was go-
ing to bring an identified Communist
into several million American homes, the
public was entitled to know the identity
of the author in order to evaluate the
subject matter. Surely, if I wrote a book
on the theory of relativity, the public
would be entitled to know that I am
neither a physicist nor a mathematician.
and that slight credence should be given
to me in this field.
At this point, Mr. Speaker, I should
mention that the rumor was broadcast
throughout the Nation that I or my fam-
ily owned an interest in the Fair Haven
Cemetery at Santa Ana, Calif. I wish
to emphatically state that neither I nor
any of my family now has nor ever had
any financial interest in any cemetery
whatsoever. I assume this rumor started
because I was a trustee of Orange County
Cemetery District No. 1, a public, munici-
pal, tax-supported district, organized to
take over and restore two abandoned
cemeteries in which hundreds of Califor-
nia pioneers were buried. I was a trustee,
appointed by the Orange County Board
of Supervisors, over a period of 20 years,
and served without salary or expenses.
The apologists for Jessica Mitford, also
known as Decca Treuhaft, continue to re-
mind the public that she wrote a "smash-
ing hit," even though she makes the ex-
ception appear to be the rule. May I say,
Mr. Speaker, that there was another
author who wrote a smashing hit. His
name was Karl Marx, whose works today
rank second only to the Bible in annual
sales. The burden of his book was an
attack on the capitalistic free enterprise
system and on religion, but today no one
but Communists and Socialists rise to his
defense. The burden of "The American
Way of Death" is likewise a two-pronged
attack: First, against the free enterprise
capitalistic system enjoyed by Ameri-
cans: second, against the funeral service
which is basically a religious service, for
those who have an immutable belief in
the immortality of the soul.
As Rev. Dr. Edgar N. Jackson, a Meth-
odist minister, of Mamaroneck, N.Y.,
said:
A funeral faces the reality of death. It
does not avoid it.
A funeral provides a setting wherein the
religious needs of the bereaved may be
satisfied.
A funeral provides faith to sustain spirit.
A funeral helps free one from guilt or self-
condemnation.
A funeral helps express one's feelings.
A funeral directs one beyond the death of
a loved one to the responsibilities of life.
A funeral, in a personal way, helps one
face a crisis with dignity and courage.
A funeral above all provides an environ-
ment where loving friends and relatives can
give the help needed to face the future with
strength and courage.
The above-referred-to editorial in the
New York Times indicated that Jessica
Milford's association with Communist
activities was in the dim and distant
past. Let us look at the record. Jessica
Milford, also known as Decca Treuhaft,
was identified as a member of the Com-
munist Party in hearings before the
Committee on Un-American Activities,
as follows:
By Dickson P. Hill, an undercover agent of
the Federal Bureau of investigation during
his membership in the Communist Party
(1944--49), "Investigation of Communist Ac-
tivities In the San Francisco Area, part 2."
December 2, 1953, page 3227.
By Dr. Jack (Beverly Mikell) Fatten, a
former member of the communist Party
(1936--40 and 1946--48), "Hearings Held in
San Francisco, Calif., June 18-21, 1957, part
1," June 10, 1957, page 1168.
By Dorothy M. Jeffers, an undercover agent
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation during
her membership in the Communist Party
(1043-52). "Hearings Held in San Francisco,
Calif., June 18-21. 1957, part II," June 21,
1957, page 1295.
Her stint before the California Senate
Fact-Finding Committee on tin-Ameri-
can Activities was related in my previous
remarks, and appears on pages 260-262 of
that committee's report to the 1953
regular California Legislature.
We are told that leading clergymen
of all faiths endorse the so-called exposd.
That may be true, but do not forget that
many of our leaders of all faiths are
collectivists and most of them oppose the
House Committee on Un-American Ac-
tivities, so they are running true to form.
It is interesting to note, Mr. Speaker,
that one of these leaders who appeared
on the CBS program, "The Great Ameri-
can Funeral," Rev. Stephen Fritchman,
has been cited by the Committee on Un-
American Activities for his Communist-
front affiliations and, of course, he took
the fifth amendment. Again, I say,
"strange bedfellows." Reverend Fritch-
man was also a contributor to the Com-
munist People's World of September
7, 1963.
The commercial sponsor for the CBS
colossal, "The Great American Funeral,"
was the Travelers' Insurance Co. of
America, which is engaged in selling in-
surance for all contingencies, including
death. It must have grated the Travel-
ers' agents to watch the door-to-door
salesmen castigated. There is no busi-
ness in America that engages more
heavily in telephone solicitation and
door-to-door selling than do the various
insurance companies of America. If the
capitalistic free enterprise system is de-
stroyed in America, its demise is being
gratuitously aided by the American busi-
ness community which sponsors such
programs.
It might be well, Mr. Speaker, at this
time, to examine another book of Jessi-
ca Mitford, "Daughters and Rebels,"
which is an autobiography, in which she
refers to her father, who was an out-
standing British citizen, as the missing
link between ape and homo sapiens.
She also admits that she was a shop-
lifter, a "bill jumper," and that she
bought volumes of Communist literature
and "rigged up some homemade hammer
and sickle flags." This book was written
In 1960. As late as 1963, she was invited
to be a special guest at the 25th anni-
versary celebration of the Communist
People's World in San Francisco. This
is according to People's World-the
January 19, 1963, issue. Whether she
attended or not, I do not know.
In her book, "Daughters and Rebels,"
on page 12 In referring to her govern-
esses, she says :
She was soon followed by Miss Bunting,
whose main contribution to our education
was to teach a little mild shoplifting * * *
Mise Bunting in her governessy beige coat
and gloves, Boud (Jessica's sister) and I In
matching panama straw hats, would strut
haughtily past the deferential salespeople
to seek the safety of Fuller's Tea Room,
where we would gleefully take stock of the
day's haul over cups of steaming hot choc-
olate.
In referring to her father on page 29,
she writes:
I developed the theory that he was a
throwback to an earlier state of mankind, a
missing link between the apes and homo
sapiens (man).
On page 68 she speaks of her enthu-
siasm for communism:
In fact, this declaration was something
more than a mere automatic taking of op-
posite aidesto Baud: the little I knew about
the Fascists repelled me-their racism, super-
militarism, brutality. I took out a sub-
scription to the Daily Worker, bought vol-
umes of Communist literature and litera-
ture that I supposed to be Communist,
rigged up some homemade hammer and
sickle flags.
She refers to her first husband, Es-
mond Romilly, on page 98 as follows:
Esmond's abrupt conversion to Communist
ideas had come about in a way very similar
to my own.
On page 190 she expresses her lack of
knowledge of economics by stating:
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