EX-CUBANS SHOULD TELL THEIR STORY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240066-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 66
• Publication Date: November 18, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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A7110
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX . November 18
Says Mehren, as he declares that the which apply to other services of the Depart-
Government market wire has been "mis- ment.
chievously misrepresented." Claiming "Until now, the Department has not given
injury, the private news wire, PAM, has a general public answer to the irresponsible
charges made against the Market News Serv-
Sued the Department of Agriculture to ice, even though we have been concerned
cease its Government news wire activi- that the gross misrepresentations alleging
ties. censorship, propaganda, and other wholly
The Journal of Commerce, November false charges could undermine support for
7, states the "real issue is one of distri- a respected public service which has been
bution." While PAM, prior to the Gov- available since 1915. We now will be able to
ernment-furnished service, was the sole provide a full and accurate reply and know
private market news wire, PAM does not that it will be judged and reported on the
object to other commercial competition. basis of truth and accuracy.
"We also believe that this action will pro-
What it does object to is a "rival tax-free, vide a basis for the thousands of farmers,
taxpayer-supported Federal enterprise in processors and handlers who use the Market
the same field." News Service daily to fully understand the
While many Federal agencies, such as nature of these allegations, and their diver-
the Bureau of the Census, collect infor- gence from fact."
mation and distribute it, they do not WELL OFF THE TARGET
have the Department of Agriculture's
"exclusive arrangement" with A.T. & T. Elsewhere on this page today we publish
to provide information to customers. in full a statement made by the Assistant
Text of statement by Assistant Secre- Secretary of Agriculture George L. Mehren in
tary of Agriculture George L. Mehren response to the complaint filed against
USDA and others in the Federal courts this
and the Journal of Commerce's reply are week by PAM News Corp., an affiliate of this
as follows: newspaper.
AGRICULTURAL AID COMMENTS ON SUIT We assume our readers are by now familiar
Following is a statement by Assistant Sec- with the main details of this issue, which in-
retary of Agriculture George L. Mehren re- volves an action by a private wire service to
garding action instituted by the PAM News halt by court injunction a competing service
Corp. relative to the U.S. Department of set up by USDA on August 1 at Government
Agriculture's Market News Service: expense.
The action by PAM News Corp., a sub- Even if there were no laws discouraging
sidiary of the Ridder Publications, to en- newspapers from editorializing on the merits
join the Department from making informa- of a case before the courts, we would be
tion on prices and supplies of agricultural reluctant to go further into the merits of
products more widely available to the public the case now purely on the grounds of edi-
will enable the public'finally to Cain an ac- tonal decorum. We agree with Mr. Mehren
curate picture of a situation which has been on at least this much: That as a result of the
grossly distorted. complaint PAM has filed in the District Court
"It will, for example, make apparent to of the District of Columbia, all the perti-
the public that the element of the Market nent facts of the case should now be brought
News Service which PAM News Corp. seeks to light. But while we will not go further
to stop is one which PAM News Corp. has into the court phase of the dispute at this
enjoyed exclusively in its field until the time, we do feel impelled to answer some of
Department through the program under at- the phrases used by Mr. Mehren not in the
tack made it available to any person, busi- courtroom, but in his own office. We are
ness, news media or private wire service. particularly intrigued. with his feeling that
We see no justification for restricting access the facts of the case have been "mischfev-
to public information solely to sustain an ously misrepresented" In a manner con-
exclusive position. strued by USDA as being "irresponsible.
"It will, for example, make apparent that We presume that what Mr. Mehren has in
the attacks upon Market News Service have mind is a projection we made editorially
mischievously misrepresented a service some weeks ago showing that if one Gov-
which today is an absolutely essential part ernment department can use public funds
of the Nation's marketing system. The food to compete with a private news service, then
industry of this Nation literally could not there is no reason why others can't do the
function today without this market infor- same thing and put a good many other
mation. Currently, the Congress appro- commercial enterprises out of business, pos-
prfates $8 million each year to enable market sibly including such general wire services
news specialists in over 135 marketing and as the Associated Press and United Press
producing areas to gather and disseminate International.
accurate and unbiased information only on Nothing in Mr. Mehren's angry retort dis-
prices, on supply and demand and other putes this. His statement does, however,
market conditions for agricultural products. misrepresent several of the issues, perhaps in
These reports are relayed to farmers, proc- consequence of Its concentration less on
essors, distributors and other interested justifying what USDA is doing than on at-
persons through condensed versions carried tacking its critics.
by the press, radio and television. Fuller For example, few seriously question the
versions of these reports are mailed each value of the service USDA performs in col-
threatened to swamp PAM, which privately
performs the same kind of service via the
Western Union system.
Mr. Mehren makes much of the fact that
PAM is alone in its field. In fact, if we
read his words aright, we get the implica-
tion that USDA felt prompted to make its
move in order to end the exclusive nature of
PAM's service.
There are two things wrong with this.
First off, there is nothing to prevent and
PAM does not seek to prevent any other
commercial enterprise from getting into the
same act. Second-and more important-
since when has the Government felt that the
fact that a commercial service is exclusive
in its field justifies establishment of a rival
tax free, taxpayer-supported Federal enter-
prise in the same field?
Is this now to be construed as a considered
policy on the part of the Administration?
If so, with how much confidence can anyone
say it will stop with USDA, or (even within
USDA) with the new Federal farm wire
service?
But even Mr. Mehren's own statement
makes it plain- that "exclusiveness" is not
the issue, and never has been the issue.
There was nothing exclusive whatever
about the manner in which USDA's farm crop
information was previously disseminated.
As he says In his own words, these reports
are "relayed to farmers, processors and dis-
tributors and other interested persons
through condensed versions carried by the
press, radio and television. Fuller versions
of these reports are mailed each day to thou-
sands of people."
A lot of other information is also collected
by other Federal agencies, among them the
Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. This information, too, is
widely disseminated, both directly and via
all kinds of information media. But nei-
ther the Labor nor Commerce Departments
have sought to go into competition with
the news media by making the type of ex-
clusive arrangement USDA has made with
A.T. & T. to transmit their data direct to sub-
scribers.
There are other factors In this case which
are now properly in the realm of the courts.
We will pass over those now and drop the
matter with the observation that if "ex-
clusiveness is found to be an issue at all, it
will find not PAM, but the Department of
Agriculture on the defensive.
Ex-C ould Tell Their Story
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Or
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, November 18, 1963
day to thousands of people. lecting and disseminating the information Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, under
"On August 1 the Department, after giving on farm prices, supply, demand, crop condi- unanimous consent, I include an edito-
due public notice of its intentions and re- tions, and the like. This Is widely used by rial from the September 16, 1963, issue of
ceiving a favorable response from trade and PAM, by this newspaper, by many other. the Peoria Journal Star:
farm users, authorized any private firm or newspapers and by many other news media.
individual to connect directly with the If it costs the Government something like EX-CUBANS SHOULD TELL THEIR STORY
leased wire system over which the Depart- $6 million a year to gather this information Cubans get mixed reception in Florida
ment transmits its market news informa- from its 135 marketing and producing areas, where their large numbers pose special com-
tion. No charge Is made by USDA for this We would think the price is justified by the munity problems, now, but the friendly reac-
service, although the cost of extending the value of the service itself, tion to Cuban refugees like the 89 who
lines are paid to the owners of the leased The real Issue is one of distribution. This snitched a ship and escaped to Mexico the
wires by the Individual user. was raised when USDA decided not only to other day is typical there on the Yucatan
"The information carried on the leased go on collecting this information, but to Peninsula.
wires is the same as that contained in the enter into an agreement with American People in Yucatan have not been strangers
daily market reports sent through the mail Telephone & Telegraph Co. under which to the stream of refugees from nearby Cuba,
or reported by the press, radio and television, it would supply the information gratis to including other mixed groups such as this
Access to the leased wire is safeguarded by any responsible citizen who would pay one involving men, women, and children,
the same rigorous standards and procedures A.T. & T.'s wire charges. This immediately professional men, workers, and farmers.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
the Soviets want; let's not become a tool in
their hand.
Sincerely your nephew,
CHARLES A. HACKE,
Editor, the Sac Sun.
Equal Administration of Justice Under the
Law
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. NEAL SMITH
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, November 18, 1963
Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, if
we are to really have justice in our
courts, the financial ability of the liti-
gants must not be important.
Several improvements in our proce-
dures and court system are needed to
make this more of a reality and I am
glad to see Attorney General Kennedy
and others cooperating to that end.
A recent editorial in the Des Moines
Tribune discusses this matter and calls
attention to the commendable efforts
now underway. So that all readers of the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD may have an op-
portunity to see it, I am having it set
forth in the RECORD. It is as follows:
CIVILIZED JUSTICE
Attorney General Robert Kennedy met
with Supreme Court Justice William Brennan
and a number of court and law enforcement
officers last weekend to plan a National Con-
ference on Bail and Criminal Justice. The
Department of Justice and the Vera Foun-
dation a private New York foundation that
the professional criminal, who has access to
unlimited funds and top legal talent.
It is the poor and ignorant nonprofession-
al accused whomost often must stay in jail
and receive Inadequate representation be-
cause of Inability to make ball and to hire an
attorney and Investigators. "One of the
prime objectives of the civilised adminis-
tration of justice," declared the Attorney
General's committee, "is to render the pov-
erty of the litigant an Irrelevancy." It is a
painfully real factor now in the quality of
justice dispensed by the courts, and the
Attorney General deserves credit for his con-
siderable efforts to remove the price tag from
American justice.
An Affirmative -Act of Brotherhood
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. CHARLES S. JOELSON
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, November 18, 1963
Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, the at-
tached article from the Paterson Eve-
ning News of November 12, 1963, is a fine
example of positive brotherhood.
It is most encouraging to see church
leaders in the forefront of the continu-
ing crusade for racial equality. The
issue being primarily a moral one, clergy-
men and other persons with strong
religious convictions should be taking
the lead as the good people referred to
in the attached article have been will-
ing to do.
The article follows :
TWO EPISCOPAL Cisuaclixa To BE MERGED
has done pioneering work on bail reform, PASSAIC.-December 1 is the target date for
are sponsoring the conference next spring. the planned merger or the predominantly
The Attorney General explains: white St. John's Episcopal Church and St.
"The purpose of the national ball confer- Andrew's Episcopal Mission, an all-Negro
ence is to focus attention on a problem that church.
has gone on far too long without active ef- This movement, according to Rev. Richard
forts toward solution at both the local and N. Bolles, rector of century-old St. John's,
Federal level. It is plain, for example, that came about as a result of a spontaneous re-
bail discriminates against the poor man. quest from members of both churches.
"Bail Is supposed to protect the interests St. John's has about 450 families and St.
of society by assuring that defendants ap- Andrew's about 30 families. St. Andrews
pear at trial. But it has served to impose was founded 38 years ago and Is headed by
great hardship on poor defendants. Because Rev. Eugene Avery.
they cannot afford bail, they must stay in Rev. Bolles. who will become head of the
jail and thus cannot provide for their fami- united church, said today that a recent mes-
lies or their defense." sage of Rt. Rev. Arthur Lichtenberger. pre-
An accused whose liberty pending trial siding bishop of the Protestant Episcopal
enables him to participate in his own defense Church in the United States, stressing the
adds to the difficulties of the prosecutor. It need for racial unity gave the necessary
t
h
e movemen
.
is inspiring to find the Attorney General and impetus to t
Justice Department nevertheless calling at- BISHOP'S MESSAGE
tention to the inequities of the system In
the case of indigents. The National Asso-
ciation of Attorneys General has also ac-
knowledged the need for reform and pledged
its cooperation with the national conference.
"I would ask you to involve yourselves. The
crisis in communities North and South in
such matters as housing, employment, pub-
lic accommodations and schools is steadily
Attorney General Kennedy has been un- mounting. It is the duty of every Christian
usually diligent In promoting equal treat- citizen to know fully what is happening in
ment in the administration of justice. He his own community and actively to support
appointed in 1981 an Attorney General's efforts to meet the problems he encounters.
Committee on Poverty and the Administra- "I would ask you to take action. Dis-
tion of Federal Criminal Justice. This corn- crlmination within the body of the church
mittee's excellent report formed the basis itself is an intolerable scandal. Every con-
for the administration's proposal for estab- gregation has a continuing need to examine
lishing public defenders In Federal courts. Its own life and to renew those efforts neces-
The Attorney General has been a vigorous sary to insure Its inclusiveness fully. Dioc-
and outspoken advocate of public defender esan and church agencies, schools, and other
legislation. institutions also have a considerable distance
No one who has heard the Attorney Gen- to go in bringing their practices up to the
eral speak out on the need for curbing standard of the clear position of the church
organized crime can accuse him of being on race.
soft on criminals. The bail system and "So I write with a deep sense of the urgen-
lack of public defenders pose no problem for cy of the racial crisis in our country and the
A7109
necessity for the church to act. Present
events reveal the possible imminence of
catastrophe. The entire Christian commu-
nity must pray and act"
BISHOP STARK APPROVES
Reverend Bolles said that the planned
merger has received the approval of the
Right Reverend Leland Stark, bishop of
Newark, who has said that St. Andrew's will
be dissolved in order that the unification of
the two churches may be carried out.
In a letter to both congregations, Bishop
Stark said, "I am tremendously excited over
the good news that the congregations of St.
John's and St. Andrew's are planning to come
together In common worship and service.
The presence of a segregated church in Pas-
saic has too long filled me with uneasiness.
I have been kept informed of the informal
discussions that have been taking place for
some time between the clergy and lay leaders
of both congregations and I cannot but be-
lieve that the guidance of God's Holy-Spirit
has been evident. I want you to know how
thrilled I am at this prospect.
"I am not so unrealistic, however, as of
think that this joint venture of faith will
be entirely free of tensions, but I verily be-
lieve that you are choosing to follow the path
of the will of God and 'if God be for us,
who can be against us?"'
ASSISTANTS
Reverend Bolles will be assisted. In addition
to Reverend Avery. by the Reverend N. Rob-
bins Winslow, as curate. Reverend Winslow
Is now a deacon and will be ordained a priest
on December 27 at Trinity Cathedral in
Newark by Bishop Stark.
In addition to serving as vicar of St. An-
drews in Passaic, Reverend Avery is also vic-
ar of St. Aldan's in Paterson, which has
about 130 parishoners. Reverend Avery will
continue as vicar of St. Aldan's but will serve
St. John's after the merger as part-time mis-
sionary.
Both he and Reverend Winslow will con-
duct missionary work in Passaic, making
neighborhood visitations and covering stores
and other businesses.
This program, according to Reverend
Bolles, Is intended for everyone, regardless of
race, national origin or economic back-
ground. "In this phase," he said, "the Epis-
copal Church will be departing from the pic-
ture that many people have had In times
past-that it was primarily a church of only
one economic or social class."
The union of the two churches is in keep-
ing with a movement throughout the church
and is In harmony with resolutions drawn by
the denomination's governing body, the Gen-
eral Convention, and with action taken by
the Anglican Congress held in Toronto last
August.
Private News Wire Objects to Government
Competition
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. PAUL FINDLEY
Or ILLINOIS
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, November 18, 1963
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the right
of the USDA's market wire service to
compete against an existing private news
wire has been defended by Assistant Sec-
retary of Agriculture George L. Mehren.
We see no justification for restricting ac-
case to public Information solely to sustain
an exclusive position.
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
They speak the same. language, and they
have a natural sympathy which is heightened
by each such landing and the stories told
by the refugees of their life under Castro.
Yucatan is the most passionately anti-
Castro and anti-Communist area of Mexico.
The heavily financed Communist literature
which is made available extensively in cen-
tral Mexico doesn't even exist in Yucatan.
The Reds don't bother to put it on the
newsstands, or the newsstands won't accept
it.
The Yur?atecs are outspoken in their
hatred of Castro and of communism, and
often bitterly critical of President Mateos
Lopez and the Mexican Government, itself,
for its wishy-washy attitude,
The whole gulf circle of Central American
nations exhibit a good deal of this strong
anti-Castro sentiment. _
This is the area that has been most ex-
posed to the truth about Castro Cuba in
direct experience, and this is the area most
directly threatened by Castro's trouble-
making export of saboteurs, propagandists,
and guerrillas in small fast boats.
"Accommodation" with Castro Cuba is a
bitter criticism and often a hot issue in the
United States, but it is an even hotter one
throughout that area, often directed at the
present U.S. actions and policies.
If the same truths which naturally come
to the attention of the people of Yucatan and
the peoples of Central America, generally,
could be brought home as effectively to the
farther stretches of South America-and to
Mexico City and Washington, D.C.-we
wouldn't have much of a Communist prob-
lem in Latin America today.
It is hard to understand how, with tens of
thousands of Spanish-speaking Cubans on
our shores, many fresh from the hard reali-
ties of modern Cuba, we have failed to get
their message across to so many of their
Latin American compatriots.
If Castro. can export trouble with his
Cuban agents, why can't we effectively export
truth?
Instead, we, ourselves, seem to constantly
downgrade and almost ridicule the reports
that stream in almost daily from the unend-
ing exodus of persecuted Cuban people fresh
from behind Castro's Cane Curtain.
We act as if every farmer, worker, child,
and young wife that risks his or her life to
escape that Island is a political propagandist
giving us something else from the truth.
The fact that so many thousands have
risked their lives, and continue to risk their
lives constantly to escape every week, even
after 3 years of Castro rule, is the clearest and
best evidence that; his rule is painful to the
Cuban people.
These are certainly not Batista folk leaving
these days. Nor the pre-Castro capitalists.
These are the Cuban people, now, and .they
continue to flee at every opportunity in-
genuity can, provide.
Shouldn't this fact be a powerful argument
in all Latin America, used well?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, November 13, 1963
Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, under
unanimous consent I include my week-
ly newsletter, "Capitol Comments," for
release today in the Appendix of the
RECORD. It follows:
CAPITOL COMMENTS
(By'JoE.L. EviNS, Member of Congress,
Fourth District, Tennessee
This week in Washington one of the most
heated and lively issues being discussed
among many Members of Congress and the
press Is the recent proposal to sell TVA by
Senator GOLDWATER.
This proposal has met. with strong and
united opposition, not only from the Demo-
crats of the Tennessee Valley area, but also
from a number of members of the Republican
Party, and others.
In my newsletter this week, I am includ-
ing quotes from a few of the many remarks
made by members of both parties opposing
this proposal.
Senator ALBERT GORE, Democrat, of Tennes-
see, in a statement to the press called the
idea "wholly impractical and contrary to the
public interest."
Senator H. S. (HUB) WALTERS, Democrat, of
Tennessee, said, "We in Tennessee are proud
of. the fine work of TVA and it would be
folly to seriously consider the suggestion put
forth by someone unfamiliar with the people
and the economy of the seven-States area
served by TVA."
Representative HOWARD BAKER, Republican,
of Tennessee, said he was "unequivocally op-
posed to the suggestion that TVA be sold to
private industry." He stated that "TVA was
created by Congress to develop the Tennessee
River and is a model for watershed develop-
ment throughout the world."
Representative JAMES QUILLEN, Republi-
can, of Tennessee, called Senator GOLD-
WATER'S statement "very untimely" and said
"TVA is doing a useful service to the people
in my district, the State, and the Whole TVA
area."
Representative CLIFFORD DAVIS, Democrat,
of Tennessee, said the proposal to sell TVA
"is absolutely Ill founded, unwise, and will
never happen In this country."
Representative Ross BASS, Democrat, of
Tennessee, stated that he was "shocked that
a man who is supposed to have the basic con-
cept of government and the intellect to be
President of the United States would make
such a proposal."
Representative ROBERT A. EVERETT, Demo-
crat, of Tennessee, in denouncing the pro-
posal said, "Either Senator GOLDWATER is
misinformed or he cares not for the people
of the valley.
Representative RICHARD FULTON, Democrat,
of . Tennessee, in. referring to charges that.
TVA is "Socialist": said, "It is regrettable
that this successful Government service for
the benefit of the people must come undei
this attack."
Representative Tom MURRAY, Democrat; of
Tennessee, said of the proposal to sell TVA,
"Certainly not-not at all,"
Virginia, called the GOLDWATER suggestion
"utterly ridiculous.".
Representative FRANK. S. STUBBLEFIELD,
Democrat, of Kentucky, called the idea
"the most asinine, stupid suggestion I've
heard since I have been in Congress.
Mr. Wiley Bowers, Executive Secretary of
the Tennessee Valley Public Power Associa-
tion, said the proposal to sell TVA, "is so
absurd that it does not merit serious. con-
sideration,"
Our Government has been building multi-
purpose dams for more than 50 years and
the TVA has been operating successfully
for more than thirty years. TVA's power
operations are self-sustaining and self-
liquidating. The Tennessee Valley Author-
ity ins the Nation's most profitable Govern-
ment operation-not only from a dollars
A7111
and cents point of view-of cash returns
into the Treasury-but also from the point
of view of strengthening our Nation.
TVA payments into the Treasury are in
advance of scheduled requirements, Almost
one-half billion dollars have been paid into
the U.S. Treasury by TVA from power sales,
Other vast benefits have accrued from the
operations of TVA, including flood control,
navigation, reforestation, conservation, re-
creation, agricultural and industrial develop-
ment, and a general improvement in the
well-being of our people living in the valley
area.
Great savings in power costs have been
made for the Government by buying TVA-
produced power for the several Government
defense agencies located in the South.
Thus, TVA not only represents a great serv-
ice to the people of the seven-States valley
area which it serves locally, it also repre-
sents a great benefit to all the Nation.
TVA has survived its critics and will con-
tinue to survive and make significant con-
tributions and accomplishments in the
future. It stands as a symbol of democracy
in action and a symbol to free nations all
over the world.
Delhi Tech Forums on Civil; Rights
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. KATHARINE ST. GEORGE
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, November 18, 1963
Mrs.. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker,
the following inserts tell of three recent
forums held at the State University
Agricultural and Technical Institute at
Delhi; in Delaware County, N.Y., in
my district.
The forum brought into sharp focus
for the college student body three as-
pects of discrimination and prejudice.
Mr. F. Peter Libassi, Assistant Deputy
Staff Director of the U.S. Commission
on Civil Rights, discussed the historic
and contemporary background of the
problem. Commissioner George Fowler,
Chairman, of the New York State Com-
mission on Human Rights, described the
economic costs of discrimination. The
final speaker, Dr. Warren Banner, Di-
rector of Research of the National Urban
League, discussed the "Psychology of
Prejudice." A question period followed
each presentation.
The Delhi Tech forums serve in a real
way to provide the student body with the
kind of information and background that
an informed citizenry must have if it is
to intelligently function in free society.
[From the Delaware Republican Express,
Delhi, N.Y., Oct. 31, 1963]
FIVE HUNDRED HEAR EXPERT ON CIVIL RIGHTS
"While Negroes in America have long been
dissatisfied with their economic and social
position, now their dissatisfaction Is min-
gled with the hope that things can be
changed." F. Peter Libassi, Assistant Staff
Director of the U.S. Commission on Civil
Rights made his remarks to more than 600
students at the State University of New York,
Agricultural and Technical Institute at
Delhi.
Mr. Libassi noted that the. joining of
Negro frustration with hope for change has
set the stage for "a racial revolution" which
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A7112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX. November 18
we are witnessing today. "The Negro is seek- opportunity and equal rights of all people In that men sought identity. So not the image
ing, not just to improve his way of life, but line with their dignity as American citizens." of the airplane but the image of the eagle
to alter his entire relationship to society Prof. Seldon Kruger, head of the social and his kind became the symbol of the air-
from that of a segregated, second class, halt science department of the college, acted as man.
"T year of
citizen to that of a lees, equal, and full ctti- host. Prof. Donald Kline was moderator. 1983 Here, In the United States, marks the Both anniversary ofsthe sym-
zen." the Soldier-
"To meet the demands of Negroes for the [From the Delaware Republican-Express, bolic symbol wasdc called the Military
enjoyment of constitutional rights," Mr. Li- Delhi. N.Y., Nov. 14, 19831 Avman. Badge, In da hodzontal metal
bassi said. "the Federal Government, through RESeARCH DIRECTOR TECH SPEAKER bar tar's Bade, n design eli Aviator" from which Military the courts, the Congress, and the Executive, "When we make references to prejudice was suspended by links the golden form
has moved to meet its responsibility." today we are relating to unfavorable reaction of an eagle in flight, bearing In his claws
is appearance on campus was In people's relationships. Prejudice based a pair of signal flags-the latter detail
of the college. ldonce Department on skin color is a new world concept." War- both a suggestive function of military avia-
Mr. sponsored by the Social
the sul Prof. partml Kruger. ri head g ren M. Banner, research director, National tion and a plug for the Signal Corps which
of the social science department. In opening League, made his statements to a gave skeptical sponsorship to an aviation t ohs meeting said, "The American dilemma capacity student audience at Delhi Tech. section."
to -ectivel lead to free solved If we Mr. Banner noted, In speaking on "Psychol- Qualification tests had been defined but
avail-
were f racial
o to Robert effectively a free world." Prof o of Pre udice, ' that children are much scarce more than a score of pilots were avail-
Delhi Tech's Salton, s faculty member . of without prejudice in early years. "Prejudice able, among them Roy Kirtland, Charley
Delhi social science department, acted is not Innate. The first years of life are Chandler, "Bennie" Foulois. "Lew" Brereton,
as moderator. the formative years which will condition the "Tommy" Milling, and "Hap" Arnold.
child's responses favorably or unfavorably, Chandler had headed the original setup in
Star, [From the Ove Oneonta, N.Y., with or without supporting judgments. the Signal Corps in 1907. Milling had made
Novemmbe ber 1 155, , 19631 1983( "We know that prejudices are not entirely a night flight. Another of the group, Paul
DISCRIMrNNATI0N CALLED COSTLY due to lack of knowledge, but that they lie Beck, had established air-to-ground radio
communications. The handful who wore
DELHI--George H. Commission chairman also the realm of the emotions." ejMr. _ the original badge were eagle minded but
New York ork State Commission for Human n Banner er said, "Therefore, our attack on pre "badge" had a short life. rank Rights, pointed out that "the Nation's emotional nt u e f and an recognition their their
of World War I brought a comparative flood-
froy sufftre ic b by the exclusion of any group tide of pilots Into the picture-their rating,
rom p oyment." on terms on full equality hMr. Banner's oppearance on campus was Reserve military aviator; their wings of sil-
Mr. Fowler employmler ent delivered his talk at the gym- sponsored by the social science department ver metal or embroidery extending from a
nasium at State University of New York of the college, Prof. Soldon Kruger. head of central shield bearing the letters "U.S." This
fought the war and with
Agricultural and Technical Institute, Delhi. the department, acting as host. Moderator oderator was s the variations rating
this is was that ffu symbol that beams
Citing surveys made by the U.S. Depart- for the evening was Philip Brigg faculty traditional is through the years of came Universit lent of Labor and the National Urban member iculturall and Technical Institute aviation and the now 16-year-old Air Force.
League the Commissioner showed area that dep- York. Agricultural here to describe the
rivation oye of the the Negroes oes I an the e aem em- Social Science Department. We variations have of no purpose
aviation heraldry-as infinite
p
2 economic loss of as human Imagination from the days of my-
about $1 was causing a
about t billion a year. thology onward, and presently climaxed by
This lo oss, he said, "is equal to the actual The Airman and His Wings the badge of the astronauts. Our purpose,
earnings of Negroes and available employ- rather, in this 50th anniversary year of the
who Mr. constitute said p that "should Ne- symbolic wings of soldier-airman, is to hail
ment."
cent of who the labor market be accoe 11 per- the EXTENSION or OF REMARKS the morale, the dedication, the devotion, the
cent employment oopportunities, sacrifice which has been inspired by pride
the HON. JOE M. KILGORE In the symbol of the airman's wings.
right to with at equal wag, com-
would et equal wages, the Each successive year since their origin they
In tine c with whites
entire economy would benefitn a the nd gross olnne of TEXAS have connoted more and more, not alone of
ed that ti out product this would reflected in to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES skills to fly, but of high purposes to which
p n d protheir new earnings." November 18, 1963 to climb and distant goals to be sought.
spent new food alone Monday, No symbol in history has so redirected
spending of
The money m food alone economic Negroes
would have speave great impact on the eMr. KILGORE. Mr. Speaker' the fog- military power from fighting war peeve - have
wingsto but
. At what area. This, he said, "should be of prime in- lowing article by Gill Robb Wilson en- tionlf of war r as they who wingswear those cost
terest to students of agricultural and food titled "The Airman and His Wings" ap- could know.
processing." peared in the November issue of the Fly- On the fifth anniversary of the victory of
On the other hand, the commission chair- Ing magazine. He has conveyed remark- World War II, the Air Force Association held
man pointed out for every lost dollar in the ably well in this brief article the story a great reunion of airmen In New York's
economy an actual dollar was being spent of the 50 years the soldier-airman has Madison Square Garden. There, for the first
in such areas as welfare, care for the aged, worn the symbolic wings: time In history the Air Force made a civilian
and similar spending programs for the in- THE AIRMAN AND HIS WINGS an official pilot, pinning on Mr. Bernard
di gent and unemployed. (By 0111 Robb Wilson) Baruch its silver wings. It was both a recog-
Human nature craves identity and to the nition that a pilot is something more than
as airplane jockey; and a recognition that a
through citing the the economic deprivation of loss
to r. the Fowler, country after
great American had wings in his heart.
Negroes in employment, pointed out the pursuit runs the gamut from the sublime to great hor tribute has ever meant so
moral responsibility of the community in the ridiculous-is welded into historic me as to numbered among meant so "No affording equal opportunity In all areas of forces-is diffused into Inane Imitations. aspirations, who much have honor on earned these numbered am the hose
living toall citizens regardless of their race, identifying himself with great asp f statesman, the tears
sweamins unashamed
creed, color, or national origin. He noted man becomes great; with less, man becomes down his cheeks.
that New York State was the first State in less. could feel so, what shall we
the If such as he
the Nation to have adopted legislation as- To proclaim cherished identities, men s have
suring to all people equal job opportunity. always fashioned symbols. Heraldry countless, faceless ones who have lived and
Similar legislation since the enactment of mother of the arts. Language, painting, died in the bond of our symbol, say, beyond
the law in New YorkState In 1945 has been song, architecture-all followed after-even a simple gratitude that we have walked In
adopted by some other 28 States and more philosophies, rde logies, teoloogies. aHss History great fortune on the highroad of history?
could be
than 40 other communities. in alanguage. A graph of symbols
The New York state law has been ex- word would do any
panded through the years to cover housing, it. and the use of places of public accornmoda- When men took to the air, what more nat-
is long
tions
-ch right to buy and entthom citizens of a dream musthhave a symbol?edAndu what
afford, and to make uses of all places of pub- more fitting than the wings of man's pred-
ltc accommodation and entertainment. ecessors aloft?
He urged upon the students that all of us, Certainly the boxlike structures of early
the ex-
o convey
h
y
m ee
e
v
takeoffs
"teachers and students," enhance the Amerl- aircraft n ce
t
r
flight.
"teachers
a
ideal by promoting the States equal op- pe The awkward
portunity laws. "Such laws," he pointed out, and landings, noxious sputtering roars the en-
lonely
"have their foundation In American tradi- gines, the this far pxhausts conveyed
tion, go back to the Declaration of Inde- ing h over the
was he trh se values
p pendence. Subsequent documents have heights dslede p Yetsilences
stressed and supported this concept of equal
Industry Recognition in Forest City, Ark.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. E. C. GATHINGS
OF ARKANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, November 18, 1963
Mr. GATIIINGS. Mr. Speaker, dur-
ing the month of October many of the
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