LAW AND THE QUARATINE OF CUBA EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. WILLIAM S. MOOREHEAD OF PENNSYLVANIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240056-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 56
• Publication Date: May 2, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

1963 Approved For R iffi 1 I. W 5B0 00200240056-5 7255
point plan to the OAS Council for adop- The French troops began a march to Department, Department of Defense, or
tion by the nations of the hemisphere: the Mexican capital, apparently under the White House. President Eisenhower
First. Curb movement of Castro the impression that the Mexican people accepted the responsibility, just as he
agents and propaganda throughout the would welcome their intervention-a accepted the responsibility for backing
hemisphere. view assiduously cultivated in Paris by the Castro government, but in both .cases,
Second. Freeze Cuban Government defeated Mexican monarchists and I think most people would agree that the
funds now on deposit in Latin American clerical supporters. At Puebla on May 5 decisions were made by someone in a
banking institutions. the French encountered their first re- much lower echelon. I realize that hind-
Third. Close the seaports of the hemi- sistance by, the republican forces of sight is always much more accurate than
sphere to nations engaged in seatrade Mexico. foresight, but I still contend that those
i di 'd 1 ho are responsible for mak-
with Cuba.
Fourth. Close airports of the hemi-
sphere to airlines with flights into Cuba.
Fifth. Ban relay of telecommunica-
tions messages to and from Cuba.
I am today introducing legislation to
express the sense of the Congress that
the above plan be proposed to the OAS
and adopted. The application of these
steps will halt communism in this hemi-
sphere.
MEXICO'S "CINCO DE MAYO"
(Mr. BROWN of California asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. BROWN. of California. Mr.
Speaker, May 5 is the anniversary of the
day in 1862 when Mexican forces at
Puebla beat back French troops in their
march to capture Mexico City.
The Battle of Puebla is a chapter in
the attempt of Napoleon III to establish
an empire in Mexico with Maximilian of
Austria on the throne.
The initial excuse for the French in-
tervention was the refusal or inability
of Mexico to meet its financial obliga-
tions. Mexico had signed a convention
with Great Britain in 1842, and later
with Spain and France, recognizing its
indebtedness and agreeing to set aside
a percentage of the customs receipts at
Vera Cruz and Tampico for the payment
of interest and principal, but as a result
of repeated revolutions had defaulted on
payments.
In June 1861, the great reformer,
Benito Juarez, became President of
Mexico. Finding hemself financially un-
able to launch the progressive economic
and educational problems he had
planned and in need of money to sup-
press continuing guerrilla fighting,
Although the Mexican victory at n vi ---
Puebla was only a temporary setback Ing such tragic errors of judgment,
for the invading French-a reinforced should not be permitted to remain in
French Army occupied Mexico City on positions where they can continue to do
July 10, 1863-Mexicans regard the bat- damage to this Nation.
tie at Puebla with great sentiment. The The recent report of the Comptroller
fact that Mexicans, armed with ancient General has pointed up this weakness in
weapons and inexperienced in modern our system of government where we con-
warfare, could defeat Napoleon III's tinue to keep in positions of responsi-
well-equipped and renowned troops cre- bility men who are incompetent and have
ated a surge of national pride in Mexico, proved this incompetence through deci-
served as a unifying force in a nation sions which have cost this Government
rent by civil strife, and became a symbol billions of dollars.
of Mexico's resistance to foreign tyranny. Some weeks ago I called to the atten-
tion of this House, decisions of the GSA
and the Post Office Department, to build
`POLICY DECISIONS
federally owned buildings, the cost of
(Mr. JONES of Missouri asked and which cannot be justified by any stretch
was given permission to address the of the imagination. When I questioned
House for 1 minute arid to revise and ex- a proposal in a prospectus issued by GSA
tend his remarks and include a news- in December, and pointed out some of
paper article.) the locations where I felt the expendi-
Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, tures could not be justified, they brought
I was impressed when I read Lyle C. Wil- out a revised list, which omitted some
son's column, "Who Knew About 50-odd projects, and reduced the pro-
Castro?" which appeared in the press posed expenditure from $32 million down
yesterday. I was impressed because of to $20 million. An official in the Post
the manner in which Mr. Wilson raised Office Department was frank enough to
a question which has been of great con- admit that mistakes had been made, and
cern to me for some time, not simply be- that some of the projects could not be
cause of the Cuban situation, but because justified. Who made the original deci-
it fits a pattern. sion that they were justified? I have
I remember back in 1960, on the oc- not been able to learn the identity of
casion of the U-2 incident, when I spent the person, and I doubt, Mr. Speaker,
considerable time and made a conscien- if you can learn.
tious effort to learn the identity of the Administrations change, but the policy
individual who made the original deci- remains the same. The policymakers
sion to make the false announcement are not Republicans and they are not
concerning the nature of the flight on Democrats-they are bureaucrats, re-
which Powers was forced down. it was gardless of which administration is in
most embarrassing and humiliating to power. Particularly is this true in the
me, as one American citizen, to be forced State Department, and you have heard
to admit that the United States had been me from time to time speak of the ar-
caught in a lie. I did not make the rogance of some of these in these policy-
speech that I had written and which I making positions who have appeared be-
had intended making. on the floor of this fore committees of Congress.
House. largely because I do not approve I realize that the President cannot,
Spain, and England-Mexico's principal either uninformed, misinformed, or par- cannot, be familiar with every detail of
creditors-responded in Octboer 1-861 i tially informed. But, I did go to Mr. administration of this Government, but
with a convention in which they agreed
to occupy Mexican ports and collect the
customs duties to secure payments of
debts. At the same time they forswore
any violation of Mexico's territorial in-
tegrity or its political autonomy.
Troops of the three European coun-
tries landed at Veracruz in early 1862.
Dissension among the allies revealed that
the French were using the scheme of
debt collection as a pretext for imperial
conquest. The British and Spanish Gov-
ernments, convinced of the duplicity of
France, ordered the withdrawal of their
armed forces from Mexican soil. The
United States, although alarmed by the
French maneuvers, was reduced by the
Civil War to helpless protestations.
Allen Dulles, then head of the CIA and I do say that when errors of judgment
conveyed to him my views on this matter, are made, and after they have been
telling him that I believed this big lie called to the attention of those who
had done more to destroy the confidence have to accept the responsibility, that
of our friends in many parts of the world some action should be taken to see that
than any other one thing which had been these mistakes are not repeated-at least
done in recent years. not by the same incompetent individuals.
I not only told Mr. Dulles that I be- in closing, I would like to be assured
lieved someone had committed a griev- that the individual who cleared Castro
ous error, but I felt very strongly that in the first place, and the man who
the person who had made this decision, made the decision to tell the big lie,
should be removed from any policymak- is not still in a position where he can
ing position in our Government. Mr. do further damage to this country of
Dulles declined, possibly with very good ours. I do not know that I would be
reason, to identify the person who had as charitable as Mr. Wilson was in his
made this decision, and furthermore column of yesterday when he closed with
declined to say whether the decision had this comment:
been made by someone in CIA, State, This guy is no Communist. Just dumb.
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 7256 Approved F peScI /Qf/ BDPW 'J 83R000200240056-5 May 2
The column to which I have referred
reads as follows:
WHo SHEw AeouT CASTRo?
(By Lyle C. Wilson)
The prevailing humiliation and confusion
of the United States invites some smart
politician to ask a sharp question and to
press for a clean answer. The question
would be:
"How did this fellow, Castro, grab Cuba
in the first place?"
This question would not launch a witch
hunt. Neither would it be asked in a ma-
neuver to tag some witless State Department
understrapper as a subversive character with
Communist tendencies. But it just might
provide some valuable guidance for the fu-
ture.
Enough is known of the State Depart-
ment's attitude toward Fidel Castro when
his revolution was developing to assure that
it was not Communist subversion in the De-
partment that caused the United States to
foster Castro's takeover of Cuba on Janu-
ary 1, 1959.
It appears to have been stupidity. The
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee went
through the motions of investigating the
State Department and the events within it
that led up to the tragedy of Castro's Cuban
triumph.
Not much, if anything, came of that in-
vestigation, other than many thousands of
words. No investigation was needed to estab-
lish that U.S. intelligence agencies had Cae-
tro's number long before his triumphal en-
try into Havana. Years before that our
agents knew that the Beard was in cahoots
with the Communists.
Intelligence reports on Castro's Commu-
nist sympathies were submitted in detail
to the White House, to the State Depart-
ment and to the Pentagon. Another ques-
tion, therefore, arises: Did the President and
top officials know of these intelligence re-
ports or were the reports diverted or sup-
pressed?
The answers to that doubletrack question
would be interesting. If the reports were
submitted and neither the President nor
his top aids got them, who did get them?
And why were they diverted from the top
men? And, if so diverted, by whom?
Those are fair questions. They should
have been asked and answered long since.
But these questions seem not even to have
been asked.
The word here in Washington is that in-
telligence reports on Castro's Communist
affiliations were submitted regularly for the
guidance of administration poiicymakers.
All of this, of course, was during the Elsen-
hower administration.
The word is not so clear as to who actually
received these reports. There is evidence,
however, that these reports did not reach
the top where the decision was made to en-
courage Castro and then to recognize him
on his entry into Havana.
Taxpaying stockholders in the Govern-
ment of the United States may not believe
that such things can happen here. But they
do happen. It is reasonable to believe that
understreppers in Government cut off the
Secretary of State, the President, and per-
haps the Secretary of Defense, from informa-
tion vital to them In judging Castro.
Somebody in Congress should, have the
gumption to get some simple understandable
answers to all of the questions raised by
the Castro goof.
If it happened the way it seems to have
happened, the guy responsible probably still
is In Washington somewhere with a desk, a
title and a salary from the taxpayers-ready,
willing and able to do It again. This guy is
no Communist. Just dumb.
POLISH CONSTITUTION DAY
(Mr. PRICE asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, a good many
millions of Americans each year cele-
brate the 3d of May as an anniversary
day of freedom. They are the sons and
daughters of Americans of Polish an-
cestry and Polish pride, who are still
aware that in a Polish Constitution of
1791 the great doctrines of human free-
dom and national sovereignty were pro-
claimed deep in the continent of Europe.
It has been 172 years since Poland's
people set forth the constitutional decla-
ration that the purpose of the state must
be to serve the will of those it governed,
with the civil liberty of the citizens guar-
anteed.
This was a revolutionary declaration
at the time and at the place, and it out
away the outmoded traditions of feudal-
ism. The anniversary is observed by
people of Polish ancestry throughout the
world as the moment in history when
their fatherland moved into the main
current of modern concepts of govern-
ment and society.
We have a special reason this year to
spend a few minutes In recognition of
the standard of constitutional freedom
raised in Poland so many generations
ago.
This is the centennial year of a great
uprising in Poland against the foreign
domination of the Russian czar.
The Polish people had little time after
their constitution of 1791 to rebuild their
society; the land and the government
were taken over in 2 short years in the
notorious third partition of the country
between imperial Prussia and Imperial
Russia. The bulk of Poland's birthright
went to the czar.
The Poles rose again and again in the
long course of history against the oc-
cupying forces-just as they rose in 1944
when the Warsaw patriots revolted
against the Nazi armies. In the 19th
century, the greatest uprising was the
revolt of 1863.
That year was memorable in history,
for us as well as the Poles. It was the
year of our Emancipation Proclamation.
In Poland, it meant the rising of the
people against foreign garrisons. It
meant the capture of arms and the
other means of resistance. It meant
2 years of bloody and hard-fought
insurgency in the name of freedom be-
fore powerful masses of the czar's armies
moved in to suppress the rebels and hang
the patriots. A quarter of a million sons
of Poland were lost in the struggle-
slain in pitched battles, executed, or cap-
tured and exiled to Siberia.
The spirit that motivated the insur-
gents of 1863 came from the doctrines
embedded in and symbolized by the Con-
stitution of May 3. That same spirit,
we may be sure, lives in Poland today
and finds its means of expression in
many ways. We honor the cause of free-
dom everywhere by joining in this dual
observance here-the anniversary of the
1791 Constitution and the centennial of
the uprising of 1863.
SALUTE TO ISRAEL
(Mr. PRICE asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, it is safe
to say that no state in all human his-
tory has contributed to mankind in 15
short years anything comparable to the
contributions of Israel as an example of
democracy, tenacity and vitality.
The Israeli people, on their shelf of
land in the cradle of civilization, have
lived a life that is more eloquent than
any attempt at verbal tribute. They
have built a nation that is strong if
small in population and area. They
have stood as a bulwark of the concept
of national sovereignty as well as the
doctrines of human freedom. They have
welcomed their people returning from
the ends of the earth and demonstrated
the validity of a good society united by
an ideal.
It is a privilege for the rest of us, who
share the concepts of our common an-
cient culture, to salute the State which
has built its now foundations well and
created a house which all men must gaze
at with respect.
AMENDMENTS TO ANTIDUMPING
ACT
(Mr. SECREST asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
mark;;.)
Mr. SECREST. Mr. Speaker, H.R.
5692, introduced by Congressman WAL-
TER, proposes many beneficial amend-
ments to the Anti-Dumping Act of 1921.
H.R. 5693 to H.R. 5701 are nine identical
bills introduced in the House. Although
the amendment proposed by the gentle-
man from Pennsylvania, Congressman
WALTER, covers such worthwhile projects
as preventing dumping from Communist
countries, the bill is silent on the subject
of the Tariff Commission's interpreta-
tion of the statutory requirement that
there must be an affirmative finding of
"Injury to an industry." The Tariff
Commission has ruled that dumping
duties should apply to cement imported
from the Dominican Republic. It should
be noted that this is only the fourth
injury-to-an-industry ruling by the
Tariff Commission since 1958, although
literally a hundred complaints have been
filed during this period. The usually
negative results have undoubtedly dis-
couraged many U.S. manufacturers from
filing complaints. In other words, the
Tariff Commission's interpretation of
"injury" has made the act generally in-
effective.
If a U.S. manufacturer has a diver-
sified line of products, it is practically
impossible to find injury to the industry,
although the market for one product may
have been ruined by dumping. For ex-
ample, if dolls are dumped by a foreign
manufacturer into the U.S. market, it is
most difficult to find injury to the toy
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 A2732 Approved For Rele& 66Ifl { D1Q3Qffippp4 40056-5 May 2
These special characteristics and creations
Day Wielding Club on Legislators 68 larger cities in the Nation he is just
of Israel have made her a ,lodestone for the
those of his bureaucratic associates t6 bring
down the wrath of the neonie n? +r,ev.e.,..-
servea as a model and example for the states HUN. FRANK T. BOW but who are of aid th at in td ingesouthey
that were established at the same time as of OHIO will And themselves frying in the fat among
Israel and in recent years, as well as for -a their constituents back home.
number of ancient nations, in Asia, Africa IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
and Latin America. Because it serves all of thepeople in the
Wednesday, April 24, 1963 country, the Post Office Department has quite
From the very beginning, Israel knew that Mr BOW. Mr. Speaker,. a lever to exert on the people. -Just think,
independence is not the end but only a be- I. am pleased Day warns, the Postal Department may have
ginning-a gateway to development and pro- to offer for the RECORD an editorial from to cut out Saturday deliveries entirely un-
gess, material and spiritual. The new states the Massillon (Ohio) Evening Inde- less Congress restores the $92 million it
that have been established by the score in pendent, who has some wise things to say planned to out from the Department's $4.9
Africa and Asia have learned this truth from about the operations of the Post Office billion spending program for fiscal 1964.
their own experience, and most of the prob- Department: We consider Day's curtailment order so
lems with which they are wrestling are being [From the Evening Independent, endent, Massillon much propaganda and we hope the
e
solved in Israel. Thus in recent years Israel g , of this country take it as such. Andowe
.has become a school for thousands of young Ohio, Apr. 2b, 1963] further hope that those budget-paring
people from Asia and Africa, and Israeli In- DAY WIELDING CLua ON LEGISLATORS minded Members of Congress stick to their
structors in military training, agricultural The Post Office Department headed by guns and make the contemplated cuts stick.
settlement, health and education have been Postmaster General J. Edward Day, has or- That's the only way economy In Govern-
working in scores of countries in Asia and dered the 68 largest post offices in the Nation ment can be reestablished in this Nation
Africa-and recently in some Latin-Amer- to clamp down on new hirings and overtime and our Federal Government out down to
ican countries as well. Israel does not pos- pay and to curtail service if necessary. size so that the billions of dollars received
sess the manpower, the wealth and perhaps ? This so-called economy move came because from taxpayers each year will meet the needs
the know-how of the United States, or even of cuts being contemplated by Congress in Of the spenders in Washington.
of the countries of Western Europe-not the. Post' Office Department's budget request Now it's going to be interesting to see just
only of France, Germany, Britain or Italy, for fiscal 1964, starting July 1. what happens during the next few weeks or
but .even of Holland, Belgium or the Scan- . And there folks you have a sample of the months. Will Day go through with his
dinavian countries. But in her spirit and kind of pressure budget-cutting Congress- threatened curtailments or will our vote-
her pioneering experience In development, men and Senators are going to face in their minded Legislators change their views on
education, social organization and health, efforts to whack sizable amounts out of drastic curtailment of the Kennedy budget
she is no whit inferior to any country or na- President Kennedy's ' requested budget of and hasten to restore the shekels they have
tion in the world. Thousands of young peo- $98.8 billion for the next fiscal year, the larg- been inclined to whack off the budget?
ple, from.36 countries in Africa, 14 in Asia est budget ever presented by it President in Unless there has been a great change in
(including India, the Philippines and Ja- the history of the Nation. thinking among our Legislators in Washing-
pan), ?and, in recent years, from 20 countries So the pattern shaping up in Washington ton, Mr. Day is going to be the winner and
in Latin America and the. Caribbean, as well today-as it has many times in the past get back most of the money he says he needs.
as 5 in the Mediterranean basin (Cyprus, when budget cuts were contemplated-is And the Postal Department will once again
Greece, Persia, Turkey and Malta), have this: wind
come to Israel to. study her methods in agri- Some Federal cabinet member or head of despite up In the red It has in past,
re cent drasticsinceases Inethe cost
cultural settlement, the. labor movement, a department which is facing Congress' of postal services.
youth education in Nahal and the "Gadn
, pruning knife will u
b
p an,
a
last out an order
Youth Corps, vocational training; coopera- to those in his department to curtail op-
tion, and various branches of science at the erations drastically, hire no new emplo
es
ye
,
Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Tech- curtail certain services and inaugurate other '1 -ra-/
nion in Haifa and the Weizmann Institute economy moves to meet the reductions a % ?'Qn and the Quarantine of Cuba
in arrican countries; 137 In Asia, 75 in the So almost before the ink is drv nn +i a EXTENSION OF REMARKS
---- .uxu~iu ucywr,,u,ene neaa?s curtailment orders, tele-
America.. grams, phone calls and letters from here,
Israel realizes that her destiny is bound there and everywhere protesting the cur-
up with that of humanity as a whole, and tailment, will deluge the Nation's legislators
her safety depends on peace.among all the and the poor boys and gals-fearing the loss
nations. In her own country she strives for of a vote or two back home-will make haste
the maximum ingathering of the exiles, the and to decide reconsider to their restore at drastic least7 7b 90 t to o 90 inching"
fructification and percent
population of the 'waste- of the
o
th
m
ney
ey wanted to save.
land, economic independence, the advance- It's an old technique-as old as the Nation
ment of the individual, progress in educa- itself-this method of putting the pressure
tion and science, and the establishment of a -on Congress and once again it will prove
society built on liberty, equality, tolerance, that a lot of Americans are not as anxious
mutual aid and love of humanity, as. laid for budget slashes as they first indicated
down in her state education law of 1953. In when the President announced his spending
her foreign policy, she aims at maintaining requests.
friendly relations with all states, irrespective To say that the budget of the Post Office
of their internal regimes, and permanent Dep&Iment-or any other department of
peace and cooperation with the neighbor- the Federal Government-cannot be cut
ins countries, for the sake of peace and pros- below the amount asked by the President is
ress in the Middle East. Israel is convinced pure poppycock.
that only by closing the material and spirit- There has never yet been a budget de-
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 2,1963
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the
distinguished and able legal advisor of
the State Department, Abram Chayes,
has in a few years in that position com-
piled an. enviable record of great accom-
plishment including the successful ad-
vocacy before the World Court of the
U.S. Position on the financing of the
United Nations activities in the Congo
and in Israel. Because I know of his
keen mind from the days that we were
classmates in law school, I commend
to my colleagues Abram Chaves' article
in the April Issue of Foreign Affairs, en-
titled, "Law and the Quarantine of
by the establishment of true cooperation one Er--s ...a present Government services uuu:
between all countries, will peace be estab- LAW AND THE
of CUSA
Budgets are devised to create more spend- (By Abram ram C Chaye aves)
lished In the world, and she does all in her ing of taxpayers' money, rather than less.
power to make her modest contribution to The sovir mif the the United Cuba were a threat
So when Postmaster General Day sounds to the security of Ustates and the
the
this partnership of all-mankind. off with an order to curtail services in the Western Hemisphere. As such they endan-
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 1963 Appr fMRSJ "Op, Mtr-GI Y0383R000200240056-5A2731
with milk and honey but not with sufficient and elementary schools. establishing special invested, as compared with It85 million ins
water, rich in rocks and sand dunes but poor schools, building dormitories for talented 1969. Industrial output totaled I#500 mil-
in natural resources and vital raw materials, children from poor and large families, and lion In 1962, compared with I#3.6 million, at
has been no easy task; Indeed, practical men, other means, to close the gap; but, although the same prices, In Indus try Increase n emerge
with their eyes fixed upon things as they are, the results of these efforts are encouraging. percent the narrow year. us the coastal ere4
limits ,
regarded it as an empty and Insubstantial we still have a long way to go. from
utopian dream. When the State was established, we found in which it had been confined, expanding
But it seems that, besides the visible ma- ourselves facing economic chaos. The Arab northward to Kiryat Shmona and Nsahk ion,
terial reality, there is also a spiritual reality, invasion, which was scotched only at the and southward to Kiryat Oat, Ash,
which works out of sight. It is this reality beginning of January 1949. the enormous Dimona, Mitzpeh Ramon, and Eilat. In-
that has been on our side and has refuted mass immigration, which brought in some dustrial exports grew twenty-five fold-from
all the dismal prophecies that the unlimited 700.000 Immigrants In the first 4 years f the $10.6 million in 1949 to $250 million in
immigration of improverished masses, un- State-more than the entire population trained and uneducated-as were the great the day it was created-the enormous ex- Israel has not yet succeeded, however, in
majority of the immigrants during the pe- pense and damage resulting from the war of balancing her foreign trade. In 1949, with m
and
lion
of $253 rod of the state, unlike those who came be- with Sand milllion, xpor s were 11 pe cent of imports.
million the of ad holocaust that destroyed 6 with
millioon of the he European Jews with their shortages, which seemed to be almost in- In 1982, the percentage was 46 percent-with
spiritual and material resources-would bring soluble. Until the end of the mandate, our $2082 miInllion a ore terms nd $6 6 1 million m-
ruin and disaster to the young state. This country belonged to the sterling area. Our ports.
immigration indeed brought to Israel many production. agricultural and industrial, de- deitrhas 8n7re 1949but to $212 In exports 882, while
sufferers from various diseases from Asian pended largely on the presence of the British grew
4m- the trade deficit per capita fell from $213 to
and African countries, but today Israel is In Army, which
c economic ties did export not produce
the first rank for expectation of life and There birth. It stands at 70.67 years for men and port with the neighboring countries. Com- Productivity of labor In Israel is steadily
73.47 for women-which is higher than in plete Isolation from the neighboring goun- on the increase, although in most industries
the United States, Britain, France, Germany tries when independence came, together with It Is still lower than that of the most ad-
or any of the other highly developed coun- the war and the Arab boycott, on the one vanced countries In Europe: in others, how-
tries, with the exception of the three Scan- hand, and the mass immigration that trebled ever. It is approaching American standards
dinavian lands, Sweden. Norway and Den- our population In less than y ars, on a the of ipr o 'sctivity
economic and cultural progress is
mark, and Holland; and our mortality rate Is other, faced us with a growing g , due to three
the s
the an lowest in the whole world_ 5.7 per thou- and hospitals. employment, effort waso re- that inspires the1tbest of oupioneerinImmigrg piritnd
sand.
In addition to half a million immigrants qulred to overcome these tremendous short- Israeli youth, who respond to the challenge
of European origin, we have absorbed over ages, and although we cannot claim to have of our desolate areas and the ingathering of
half a million from Asian and African coun- succeeded 100 percent even at the end of our the exiles; the feeling of Diaspora Jewry that
tries, most of them entirely without capital, 15th year, by the end of the first decade we they are partners in the enterprise of Israel's and the
skills and education, brought up In back- had already broken the back of the crisis. resurgence Jewish and ancient home
of laci rtes and
ward ghettoes and earning their livings by Today all sections of our economy. agricul- people, the power
peddling-and they have created hundreds ture and Industry, land, sea and air trans- technology, which Israel unceasingly-and
of villages in Galilee and the Jerusalem port, are expanding, branching out Into new not without success-tries to enhance.
Corridor, in the south and the Negev, and fields and improving their efficiency-, there Is Israel is aware that she cannot equal other
built over a score of development towns where full employment in the country, and in some nations in military force, wealth, numbers
they work In every branch of Industry and places there is even a shortage of labor. or material resources, but she believes that
handicrafts, from textiles to electronic and The state budget, which in 194849 stood there Is no impediment to equality with the
petrochemical manufactures. at IE20,855,000, amounted to IE2,990 million greatest nations in the world in Intellectual
On May 15, 1948--the day the state was (about $i billion) In 1963-64. capacity and moral standards-the only heri-
founded-we had 333 urban and rural settle- The cultivated area, which covered some tage bequeathed to her by Jewish history,
mints; at the end of 1962 the number had 400000 acres (of which 75,000 were under which is Imbued with suffering and spiritual
risen to about 875. At the first census, on irrigation) in 1948-49, totaled almost 1,030,- valor.
November 8, 1948, the population was 785,- acres, of which 380,000 were Irrigated in By virtue of the pioneering energies of
678-716,678 Jews and 89,000 Arabs. At the 000 1982-83. The afforested area increased from three generations, Israel is creating new ways
second, , on May 22, 1961, the total was 2.179.- 13,000 acres in 1949 to over 80,000 In 1981. In of life in agricultural settlement, in coop-
491-1,932,357 Jews and 247,134 Arabs. 1949 the Arabs cultivated 86.000 acres; in erative transport on land and sea, and in a
In 1948-49 there were 146,017 pupils- they tilled 220.000. There were 881 considerable part of her industry which is
134,887 Jews and 11,130 Arabs-in our en- 1981 tai tractors to the country in 1948 and no less founded on labor partnership and mutual
tire education system. By 1981 82 the total than 7,835 in 1981, aid, Thus there have been created the hun-
had grown to 641,986-586,539 Jews and 55. Before the establishment of the state, our areas of kibbutzim, smallholders' settlements
training and cooperatives In urban and interurban
447 Arabs. In post-primary schools (acs` Industry was concentrated in the narrow
trainning colleges) es) there e were re 1coastal strip between concentrated Rebovot In the south transport, shipping and basic industries.
is, vocational, h agricultural ,9 and students. 5 d s' y
including 14 Arabs. at the establishment of and Haifa In the north, and was devoted The medical services of the Histadrut, the
eederat on of tL abo , encom ass
the state, and 77,416 including 1,587 Arabs, mainly to industries producing for home General
in 1981-62. consumption, such as food, textiles, wood-The
Every boy and girl between the ages of 5 working, paper and printing; in fact, it was Israel defense forces are dedicated not only
and 14 is obliged to attend kindergarten (at chiefly concerned with the final processing to defense against the external enemy, but
the age of 5--6) and elementary school (be- of materials for the local market. During the also to the molding of the human beings as-rom all over tween 8 and 14), and education is free. See- 15 years of the state, our industry has been semQledl food cultural the globe the to a single entity, ondary education is not yet compulsory or comprehensively reorganized. Our output, welding of
free, but tuition fees are grade according to employment, and exports have grown. New the fragments of the nation and its dispersed
the financial position of the parents. and branches have been established; metalwork- tribes with bonds of language, culture, and an un
nding s
poor students receive scholarships from the eleectronics.alarmst man facture, anufa ndctthe r plabo astry dtIts vision frst ora the uture. For this
government. secondary branches, and output in other in- purpose a special formation called Nahal
In 19n the votfor nn Institute all was branches duatries has been increased. In September (the Hebrew initials of No'ar Halutzi
of the In aural sciences, for research in ail ba d are 1955, oil was first discovered in Israel, in Lohem-Fighting Pioneer Youth) was
In southern Judea, at a depth of 4.905 feet, founded, which has already established 29
not inferior natural tural to those tose of and similar its standards Institutions are
n and In 1957 a rich source of natural gas was kibbutzim and 4 smallholders' villages In
the most highly developed European coup- found at Zohar, near the Dead Sea. Exten- the Negev and northern Galilee. most of them
tries. deposits of phosphates have been dis- border settlements.
Israel still faces grave educational prob- slue covered in the Negev, and copper mines at The army strives to fructify the desert in
isms, however, for the gap between the pupils Tirana not far from Mist. After the Sinai both the natural and the human landscape
whose parents came from Europe and Amer- campaign. an oil pipeline was laid from of our country, This is also the central
Ica and those originating from Asian and Ellat to the refineries which the British left task of the labor federation, which is unique
African countries is still great; there are con- in Haifa. In Its organizational structure and methods.
stderable children and cultural differences
coIs not operativeyboda trade y and an educational in-
oped countries from m and devil- prises the country,temploying lalmoost 200 - It
e from from poor, back- p
wad and those wealthy
ward ones, , especially as it was the poorest t 000 workers, as against 88,000 in 1960- Be- atltution, but also a league of builders of
by 1#1 800 Million (at 1965 prices) were Invested newhsociety omelandfoundedand on tcooperat on and
from the latter who came to settle in Israel.
Intensive efforts ego are therefore being made, by
lengthening the school ool day in kindergartens in industry: in 1982 alone I#263 million were brotherhood.
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 1963 Approved FIXMSYA6l2H.ERDPfi~BUCM00200240056-5 A2733
t A
gored the peace of the world. The action Paris in 1850 and London in 1909, dealing tional law can no longer 'regard the use of
undertaken against this threat carried its with the law of blockade and contraband. force with benevolent neutrality. In article
own dangers. But as President Kennedy said As a result, the legal textbooks have a satis- 2 of the charter, members pledge that they
on October 22, "the greatest danger of all fyingly categorical ring. They tell us that will "refrain in their international relations
would be to do nothing.". a blockade must be declared through coin- from the threat or use of force against the
The course on which he then embarked petent authority, must be limited to enemy territorial integrity or political independence
was successful in securing the removal of coasts and ports, and must be impartially of any state, or in any other manner incon-
offensive weapons from Cuba. This suc- applied. Most important, the blockade must sistent with the purposes of the United Na-
cess was due, in the first instance, to the be effective: the blockading country must tions."
ability and will of this country to enforce have and use the power to enforce it. Simi- States living under the regime of that
the quarantine and to the mobilization of larly, traditional rules of contraband re- charter can no longer find justification for
allies and others throughout the world in quire a proclamation, after which neutral the use of force in their mere unilateral
our support. ships can be prevented from aiding the declaration.
The confrontation was not in the court- enemy by carrying objectionable goods, a Declarations against war had been known
room and, in a world destructible by man, category which, if not overly precise, surely before, but the charter records also the judg-
a legal position was obviously not the sole includes weapons. ment that, if these declarations are to be
ingredient of effective action. We were The rules were designed to minimize dis- more than empty promises, collective ma-
armed, necessarily, with something more ruption of neutral commerce, primarily by chinery and processes of enforcement are
substantial than a lawyer's brief. But limiting the scope of sanctioned interference needed. The United Nations Organization
though it would not have been enough mere- and by notifying ships and sailors so that was the primary instrument designed for pre-
ly to have the law on our side, it is not ir- they could stay out of harm's way. Mutatis serving the peace. Regional organizations,
relevant which side the law was on. The mutandis these aspects of the classical rules like the OAS, arose to perform the same func-
effective deployment of force, the appeal for were complied with, to like purpose and tions within the area of their competence.
world support, to say nothing of the ulti- effect, in the Cuban quarantine. These organizations are clothed by their
mate judgment of history, all depend in But there was a further overriding limi- charters with the authority. to act. collec-
significant degree on the reality and coher- tation in the traditional rules: they. were tively against aggression and threats to the
ence of the case in law for our action. It part of the Law of War which says that only peace. Through these collective agencies,
is worthwhile, I think, to set out that legal a belligerent in wartime can invoke the worldwide or more restricted in scope, we
case and to examine some of its implications, right to blockade or search for' contraband. have hoped to give reality to the pledge to
rr Unless nations were at war, there could be maintain the peace.
The blunt fact of the quarantine is that no justification for any interference at all The Soviet threat in Cuba was made and
it involved the use of naval force to inter- with ordinary maritime commerce. Thus answered in the context of this international
fere with shipping on the high seas, though, some have maintained that everything done system. The U.S. response must be judged
to be sure, the carriage of offensive weapons, in the October crisis would have been legal and justified within that same context. It is,
against which it was directed, was something if only the United States had declared war wrong, therefore, to view the Cuban crisis
other than ordinary maritime commerce. on Cuba. This may be attractive as a syllo- as though it were a 19th-century contest
Historically, the United States, as "a great gism, but it doesn't have very much to do between two nations, the United States and
with law. Cuba, to be regulated by the traditional
maritime power, has resisted interference The rules of blockade and contraband rules of blockade and contraband. And it is
with the a
freedom of , , nd En la the stru In 17fo when evolved, like most law, out of the interaction wrong to view the quarantine as a unilateral nd, mastery and o zruggling for the between moral precept, experience, and use of force by the United States in the
masry of Euurroppee, , seized and blockaded changing practical necessity. And they re- course of such a contest.
U." ose shipping, Jefferson wrote: flect rather accurately the shape of the inter- IV
* live in peace retain national systern-as well as the weapons
their r natural atural right ght * * * to carry the pro= The charter obligation to refrain from the
duce of their industry, for exchange, to all technology-that prevailed in the last cen use of force is not absolute. Article 51, of
nations, belligerent or neutral, as usual; to go tury. Relations between nations were epi- course, affirms that nothing in the charter
and come freely, without injury or molesta- sodic and largely bilateral. When force was impairs "the inherent right of individual
tion; and, in short, that the war among applied, it was-at least in theory-a bi- or collective self-defense." The quarantine
others shall be, for them, as if it .did not lateral affair, or at most something between was defensive in character and was directed
exist." small and temporary groupings of nations against a threat to the peace. But neither
A few years later, British blockades, in de- on each side. The age of total war was only the President in his speech nor the OAS
fiance of our bitter protests, were one of the beginning and there was no general stricture in its resolution invoked article 51.
causes of the War of 1812, although Britain in international law against the use of force Obviously, the United Nations itself can
as an instrument of state policy, sanction the use of force to deal with a threat
the Resort to force was common enough, how- to, the peace. Sa it did in Korea and in the
went ships s fait often n stopped d more American blockading. vessels Her on war-
high seas, declared without proof that cer- . ever, and was always dangerous enough to Congo. But no United Nations organ
tain crewmen were British deserters, and provoke rudimentary efforts at regulation, ordered the quarantine of Cuba.
carried them off in irons. During the unde- Thus evolved the law of war, a separate The quarantine action falls within a third
clared war against : France, Joseph Story, legal regime establishing-probably with a category: action by regional organizations
then a Harvard student but later to become good deal more precision and coherence in to preserve the peace. The. charter assigns
a Supreme Court Justice and one of our retrospect than at the time-the rights and an important role to regional organizations
great admiralty lawyers, wrote with perhaps obligations of belligerents and neutrals. The in carrying out the purposes. of the U.N.
more ardor than poetry: declaration of war invoked this special re-
grime: Its legal signification was that the article 52(1) prescribes the use of "regional
arrangements or agencies for dealing with
"Shall Gallia's clan our coast invade, declaring state was prepared to accept its aria g matters ;elating agencies
maintenance with e With hellish outrage scourge the main, obligations and claim its rights under the such alsce and stoithey as are app approrof
Insult our nation's neutral trade, law of war. Thereupon, application of force priate regional action * * as are *." Regional
And we not dare our rights maintain?" within those confines was legitimate, organizations are referred to throughout the
Less hoary examples, could be cited. III charter, and all of chapter VIIL is devoted to
When our own wartime necessities were International law addresses different prob- their peace-keeping functions. These pro-
involved, however, we took a different view lems today.and there is different legal ma- visions were written into the charter with
of the matter. In the Civil War, over chinery to deal with them. The overriding the Inter-American system specifically in
strident British objections, President Lin- object of international law is not, to regu- mind. Alberto Lleras. Camargo, later to be
coln declared a blockade of 3,000 miles of late the conduct of war, but to keep and President of Colombia, was chief protagonist
southern coastline and sought to prevent defend the peace. It is no longer possible in early 1945 of the Act of Chapultepec,
any contraband from reaching Confederate for any nation to treat war, In Jefferson's which foreshadowed the Rio4rreaty, and was
hands. On the outbreak of World War IT, words, "as if it did not exist." If nonaline- head of the, committee at Skn Francisco
the same 21 American nations that now ment continues to be a goal for some coun- which dealt with regional organizations a
make up the Organization of American tries, noninvolvementhas become a luxury few months later.
States, meeting in the first Pan American beyond price. A threat to the peace of any The charter reflects the judgment of the
ministerial conference, identified a zone in nadlon is athreat to the peace of all nations, world community that collective action 19 to
the high seas ranging from 300 ,to 1,200 miles and maintenance of peace has therefore be- be preferred to the. unrestricted use Of
wide which they.said was of "primary con- come a collective responsibility. The first force by individual nations, Why? First,
cern and direct utility in their relations. quarantine speech, President Franklin Roo- members of an organization, in signing its
They declared their right to patrol the zone sevelt's call to "protect the health of the its charter, have assented to its powers and
and keep it free from "the commission of any community against the spread of the dis- procedures. Second, decisions are made by
hostile act by any non-American belligerent ease," marked an early recognition of this political processes involving checks and bal-
nation." collective responsibility. antes and giving assurance that the outcome
The thrust' and counterthrust of 19th- The enduring monument of World War will reflect considered 'judgment and broad
century practice was codified with somewhat II is the United Nations Charter. It records consensus. These principles can be seen in
illusory precision in the Declarations of the judgment of all nations that interna- operation of the inter-American system.
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 A2734 Approved FIEF `i-fM/iBPgM%bM#?00200240056-5 May 2
The assent of the parties to the Rio Treaty demonstrated that the Council, like our own
is real and significant. Though the present electoral college, was not a wholly viable
Government of Cuba is now and has been institution. The veto has largely disabled
for some time the object of sanctions by the it from fulfilling its intended role in keeping
OAS, and has been suspended from partici- the peace.
pation In Its agencies, Cuba as a state has This paralysis of the Security Council has
remained a party to the treaties and a mem- led to a reliance on alternative peacekeeping
her of the Inter-American system, as, In a Institutions. In the United Nations Itself,
'like case, did the Dominican Republic, The the General Assembly and the Secretary
political processes in the Organization of General have stepped into the gap. Use
American States are also real. It is not a dramatically, so has the OAS, pursuant to
rubber stamp, despite the disproportion of the provisions of chapter VIII of the charter
power between the United. States and its on "Regional Arrangements."
neighbors to the south. Not until the dan- A technical part of this evolution, If a
ger was clear and present was the necessary quiet one, has been the construction of
majority mustered for the use of force. But article 53 so as to limit its scope. Security
when that time came, the vote was unani- Council discussion of sanctions Imposed by
mous. the OAS against the Dominican Republic
The quarantine action was authorized and Cuba, as well as the opinion of the
under the Rio Treaty of 1947, whose pri- International Court of Justice in the United
mary purpose was to organize law-abiding Nations assessment case, have treated en-
states for collective action against threats to forcement action as a rigorously narrow
the peace. This treaty, together with related category. Perhaps more important, the de-
agreements, forms the legal framework of bates in the Security Council In the case of
the Inter-American system. the Dominican Republic revealed' a wide-
The treaty provides for collective action spread readiness to conclude that the re-
not only in the case of armed attack but also quirement of authorization does not import
"if the inviolability or the integrity of the prior approval, but would be satisfied by
territory or the sovereignty or political lade- subsequent action of the Council, or even
pendence of any American State should be by a mere taking note of the acts of the
affected ? ? * by any * * ? fact or situation regional organization, In this context, it
that might endanger the peace of Amer- important that the Security Council met
lea ? ? ?" In such cases, a special bodg, the in emergency session before the quarantine
Organ of Consultation, Is to "meet immedi of Cuba went Into effect. The Soviet Union
a
ately in order to agree on the measures * * * by general introduced a consent t it it w resolution
was not disapproval, to but
which must be taken for the common de- as brought to a
fense and for the maintenance of the peace vote'
and security of the continent." The Organ This narrowing process of interpretation
of Consultation acts only by a two-thirds may be resisted by those who seek the
vote. The treaty is explicit as to thb mess- comforting certainty of plain meaning in
g Holmes'
urea which may be taken "for the mainte- phrasewords-forest in that living th they are, In
fiance of the peace and security of the con- , the akin
more prithoto
ht. say But
failure surely It is no morre surprising to sasap-
tinent." The "use of armed force" Is ape- of
cifically. authorized, though "no state shall pve regi onal the ecSeonray cants tt i to disza-
be required to use armed force without Its Lien prove within the meaning of amounts
article 53 than
ng clle 53 than
it was to say that the abstention and even
On October 23, the Organ of Consultation the absence of a permanent member of the
met, in accordance with the treaty proce- Security Council met the requirement of
dures, and considered the evidence of the article 27(3) for "the concurring votes of
secret Introduction of Soviet strategic nu- the permanent members. ? * ?"
clear missiles into Cuba. It found that a This Interpretation does no violence to the
situation existed which endangered the peace notion of the United Nations as the para-
of America. It recommended that member mount organization. Regional organizations
states "take all measures. Individually and continue subordinate to the United Nations
collectively, including the use of armed force, by the terms of the charter, and, in the
which they may deem necessary to Insure case of the OAS, by the terms of the relevant
that the Government of Cuba cannot-con- inter-American treaties themselves. Like an
tinue to receive from the Sino-Soviet powers
military material and related supplies. * ? ?"
The quarantine was imposed in accordance
with this recommendation. Indeed, the op-
erative language of the OAS resolution is
recited in the President's proclamation. "In-
terdleting the Carriage of Offensive Weapons
to Cuba."
v
Some have asked whether we should not
first have gone to the United Nations Secu-
rity Council, before taking other action to
meet the Soviet threat In Cuba. Perhaps in
the original conception at San Francisco it
was Intended that the Security Council
would be the agency for dealing with situa-
tions of thiskind unless it chose to delegate
its responsibility. This much may be im-
plicit in article 63, which states: "No en-
forcement action shall be taken under
regional arrangements or by regional agen-
cies without the authorization of the Secu-
rity Council." The drafters of the charter
demonstrated their wisdom, however, by
making Security Council responsibility for
dealing with threats to the peace primary
and not exclusive. Events since 1945 have
f
Gen. Thomas E. Moore, Commander of
Sheppard Air Force Base, is Trans.
ferred
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GRAHAM PURCELL
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 8, 1963
Mr. PURCELL. Mr, Speaker, an-
nouncement was made this week of the
departure from Sheppard Air Force
Base, Tex., of Maj. Gen. Thomas E.
Moore, who has been commander there
for almost 4 years.
During this period of outstanding
service, General Moore has endeared
himself to the city of Wichita Falls,
Tex., and all the citizens of the area
around Sheppard Air Force Base.
Under General Moore's leadership,
Sheppard has undergone tremendous
change and expansion. Today this Air
Force installation stands out as one of
the most important in the Nation. It is
slated to be space training headquarters
for the Air Force. Outstanding facili-
ties, including a new regional Air Force
hospital now under construction, have
been added under General Moore's
leadership.
Even more important, perhaps, there
now exists a relationship between the
civilian and military community which
is unexcelled anywhere. The feeling of
harmony and unity of purpose, which
has gained national publicity, is largely
due to the continuing and dedicated ef-
forts of General Moore and community
leaders.
General Moore and his lovely wife will
long be remembered in north Texas as
dear friends and wonderful citizens. The
community, Sheppard Air Force Base,
and the Air Force will long remember
with pride the service General Moore
has rendered.
account for Its action In an appropriate wicnita Falls Times. One, an editorial
agency of the more encompassing organize- which appeared on April 30 titled
tion. In recognition of this relationship, the "SAFB Transformed Under General
President ordered that the Cuban case be Moore," The other an article announc-
put immediately before the Security Council. ing his pending departure which ap-
The United Nations, through the Council peared in the Times on April 29.
and the Secretary General, became actively (From the Witchita Falls, (Tex.) Times, Apr.
involved In the effort to develop a permanent 3p, 1983)
solution to the threat to the peace repre-
sented by the Soviet nucelar capability in SAFE TRANSFORMED UNDER GENERAL MOORE
Cuba. Wichita Falls and Sheppard Air Force Base
Since World War II, each of the actions will prepare for the departure of Maj. Gen.
to keep the peace-in Korea, in the Middle Thomas E. Moore, who will be leaving after
East, in Lebanon. In the Congo, and now in almost four busy years as the commanding
Cuba-has taken a different operational general of SAFB, with full appreciation for
form. But each of them reflects our convic- the unexcelled job he has done,
ilea that a breach of the peace involves us Since General Moore assumed command of
all and that we must meet It together, the base August 1, 1959, it has undergone a
through Institutions of collective security transformation in miissi sion and in physical
established for that purpose. assets that has had no equal dating back to
the The quarantine, seen in this framework, weeks time was firJapa st nese attack only a few
Is a significant addition to the devel in before the Pearl
e Into Harbor, Hawaii. brought ht the e United States
body of postwar experience with collective inter World war r II in 1841.
responsibility and collective action to pre- Chief among the changes In mission which
serve the peace. have been accomplished as SAFB during the
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 Approved For Release 20p V2 IJ~-C.- ,956( 000200240056-5 7259
1963
GOVERNOR RHODES IS SHAKING THINGS UP
(By Haskell Short)
COLUMBUS, OHIO.-Gov. James A. Rhodes,
to use one of his favorite expressions, is
"shaking things up" in national political
circles by practicing the economy he believes
politicians foregt when they take office.
Ohio's new Republican Governor showed
he meant business when he fired about 3,500
recently employed State employees his first
day in office. By June 30, about 7,000, or
most of those added to the payrolls in the
past year, will be gone.
Among Rhodes' other shaking-them-up
tactics are a 9.1 percent across-the-board cut
in welfare spending, a balanced budget with-
out new taxes, a planned reorganization of
tential from offices being opened in major
cities around the country.
Rhodes will not discuss the future, but his
friends suggest that in 1968, when he will be
in the middle of his second term and in-
eligible under the State constitution to seek
reelection, he could be an impressive na-
tional figure.
But Rhodes, sitting there in a short-sleeve
shirt in the big bare office, brushes off talk
of presidential politics as easily and bluntly
as he dismisses spending proposals.
"I spent 25 years getting here," Rhodes
said. "I wanted to be Governor and that is
the oportunity the people gave me. I want
to do the best job I can in this office and that
M}. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, most
west central Illinois citizens want the
United States to do whatever is neces-
sary, even to the point of military ac-
tion, to assure a non-Communist gov-
ernment in Cuba, according to the first
tally in my annual survey of home dis-
trict opinion. My staff is mailing ques-
tionnaires to names selected at random
from telephone directories, and the first
tally covers 5,899 replies.
Those expressing an opinion were 8
to 1 for action on Communist Cuba.
By about 4 to 1, they oppose $5 billion
for foreign aid, the Domestic Peace
Corps, compulsory acre-bushel control
of farming, and cutting income taxes if
spending is not cut.
By 22 to 1, they would require secret
ballot approval by union members before
a union can call a strike.
By 2 to 1, they oppose the $5.3 billion
5-year proposal for general school aid.
Here is the tally:
As Governor of a big State, tcnoaes aunuSU
automatically becomes a major figure in
next year's jockeying for the Republican
presidential nomination-at least as top man
in an important delegation to the Republi-
can National Convention.
TALKS ABOUT PROBLEMS
In his austere office, which seems more
like an echo chamber, he spoke of the prob-
lems and programs he sees for Ohio.
"Somewhere, sometime government must
learn to live within its income," the 53-year-
old Governor said. "It must learn that
deficit spending does not provide jobs for the
people. It must learn to allow people to do
some things for themselves instead of taking
their tax money and trying to do everything
for them."
Rhodes said he found State finances "in
a mess" when he became Governor January
14. A firm of certified accountants reported
the State had an $80 million deficit, that
many bills were, unpaid, that 7,500 employees
had been added within the past year, and
that spending was about $5 million a month
more than revenues.
"That meant that to keep spending at
the current level and pay the debt we would
need $200 million in new taxes in the 2
years beginning July 1," Rhodes said.
"I do not believe we needed new taxes
which already are burdensome enough, so
we had to cut spending and stop the drifting
that was all too obvious in State govern-
ment."
WANTS EXPENSES CUT
He told Finance Director Richard L. Kra-
bach, who wears a miniature gold hatchet
with a bloodstained blade as a tie clasp, to
cut expenses and balance the budget.
Krabach ordered a 9.1-percent slash in
spending. He scrapped budget requests
totalling about $100 million left by the Di-
Salle administration.
Welfare payments were cut, most of them
to what they were last October 1 when
former Gov. Michael V. DiSalle raised them
a month before election. Rhodes said the
cut would force counties which run the
program to improve their operations.
The Governor then gave the legislature an
appropriations bill calling for $1.282 billion
in the 2 years beginning July 1. It was $53
million above current spending, with 90
percent of the money earmarked for educa-
tion, mental hygiene, and welfare programs.
Highway programs are financed out of the
gasoline tax and were not included in the
budget.
Rhodes' top objective and No. 1 campaign
plank was industrial development to get the
State's economy moving. Ohio leads the
country in the number of persons on relief
and has fewer people productively employed
than in 1957 although the population has
increased.
HELPS INDUSTRY
He is creating an industrial development
authority which will issue bonds to help
finance plant construction. It also is telling
the country about Ohio's resources and po-
FOR ACTION IN CUBA
(Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr.
MACGREGOR) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Should the United States do whatever is necessary (even to the point of military action)
to assure anon-Communist government in Cuba?_____________________________________
Should income taxes be cut if Federal spending is not cut?________________---------------
The new budget calls for about $5,000,000,000 for foreign aid. Do you approve? ___---____
The President proposes $5,300,000,000 (over 5 years) in new Federal spending for schools
(including teacher salaries). Do you approve?_________________________________________
Should secret-ballot approval by union members be required before a union can call a
strike? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The President proposed a 5,000-member corps (known as the Domestic Peace Corps)
to work in community social problems. Estimated annual cost, $20,000,000 to
$30,000,000. Do you approve?---------------------------------------------------------
Do you favor compulstory acre-and-bushel control of farm production (similar to that in
the upcoming wheat referendum)?-___----------------------________-----------------
Mailing of tlte questionnaires is not
complete, and a final report will probably
be made about June 1.
MAY 3: FREE POLAND'S NATIONAL
HOLIDAY
(Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON (at the
request of Mr. MACGREGOR) was granted
permission to extend her remarks at this
point in the RECORIP and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr.
Speaker, May 3 represents the 172d anni-
versary of the adoption of the Polish
Constitution. This historic document
symbolizes the spirit and hopes of the
Polish people. All over the United
States,- in Cleveland, and New York, in
every town and hamlet, wherever Ameri-
cans of Polish descent reside, this holi-
day is observed with appropriate exer-
cises thoughout the month of May, to
pay tribute to the courageous people of
Poland. It is also an excellent reminder
lest we become to complacent about our
own freedom.
But the year 1963 is bf even greater
significance because 100 years ago oc-
curred the Polish January uprising.
There have been many Polish uprisings
against Russian tyranny, bath before
and since 1863. However, this one was
the longest and bloodiest in history.
During the night of January 22, 1863,
units of Polish insurgents attacked Rus-
sian garrisons in many localities and
'captured considerable amounts of arms
and ammunition. However, 350,000
seasoned troops of the regular Russian
4, 840
1,025
656
1,940
5, 423
1,057
1,076
580
4,608
4,896
3,682
235
No
opinion
468
Army were rushed in and crushed the
Polish insurgents. In our own lifetime
we have witnessed similar Communist
brutality, not only in Poland, but also in
Hungary and East Germany.
Poland, whose history dates from 966,
was once a free nation and we can be
confident that a free nation in Poland
will be born again. It is an honor and
a privilege for me to join my colleagues
in this occasion to salute the Polish peo-
ple and pay tribute to the spirit of the
May 3 constitution.
(Mr. MILLER of New York (at the re-
quest of Mr. MACGREGOR) was granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. MILLER of New York. Mr.
Speaker, it is ironic that sadness and
frustration must mark another observ-
ance of a great event in mankind's quest .
for freedom-the adoption of Poland's
Constitution on May 3, 1791.
Elation should accompany this occa-
sion. But any suggestion of joy is cruel-
ly overshadowed by the grim fact that
for 172 years an heroic, enlightened peo-
ple have been forced to witness brutal
rejection of their right of self-govern-
ment.
Through the years the Polish people
have suffered unbelievable tortures and
setbacks, fighting in vain against the
overwhelming odds of aggressive tyran-
ny. What they have wanted-what they
fought and died for-was not power
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reaching across the borders of neighbors,
not fulfillment of dreams of grandeur.
What they wanted was merely finaliza-
tion of an assertion of democracy as ex-
pressed in the words of a constitution
barely 2 years after our own.
It said:
All power in civil society should be derived
from the will of the people, its end and
object being the preservation and integrity
of the state, the civil liberty and good order
of society, on an equal scale and on a last-
Ing foundation.
Mr. Speaker, these are the Poles.
These are the patriots we salute today.
These are the millions who are enslaved
by Communist Russia. These are the
warriors of liberty who lost 250.000 of
their sons 100 years ago when they re-
sisted another form of Russian tyranny,
these are the people who resisted the
Nazi occupation in 1944. That spirit of
resistance is alive today, and in its fire
there is a prophecy of hope for the fu-
ture. The Poles will not be denied, and
it is up to their friends in the free world
to see that they are not.
In the United States, Poles are wrap-
ped up in our destiny. We are the
adopted homeland of 7 million of them.
We are the beneficiaries of their fighting
spirit beginning with Koscluszko and
Pulaski, who volunteered their services
when America fought for Its Independ-
ence. In World War I and World War
II countless thousands served with our
Armed Forces.
We are indebted to Polish-Americans
for contributing to the growth and de-
velopment of the United States. We owe
them our gratitude as loyal American
citizens.
So today we say to them, we remember
1791; remember It with reverence and a
determination to do whatever we can to
make sure future years will find them
prospering as a partner in the free world,
not suffering as captives of atheistic com-
munism.
WOOL NUMBERS GAME-WHO'S
NEXT?
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. MACGREGOR) was given permission to
extendhis remarks at this point In the
RECORD and to Include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker. on
Monday and Tuesday of this week, I
commented here on the shutdown of the
Dartmouth Woolen Mills, Inc., In Clare-
mont, N.H.
Now comes news of the closing of the
Cyril Johnson Woolen Co. in Strafford
Springs, Conn., another forward step to-
ward the New Frontier.
Mr. Speaker, throughout New Eng-
land, thousands of workers and countless
communities are wondering, who will be
next? How many jobs will be lost in
New England's wool industry next week?
President Kennedy has promised ac-
tion to aid the wool industry; he has been
Promising for 2 long years. The crisis
deepens, but no help comes.
All wool asks Is the same treatment
which was given cotton In 1961. All
wool asks is equal treatment and fairplay.
New England woolworkers do not want
handouts. All they want is their jobs.
Mr. Speaker, I have today received
from the National Association of Wool
Manufacturers the following grim ac-
count of what the administration's bro-
ken promises have done, so far, to the
wool industry:
THE GRIM STORY OF GOVERNMENT INACTION,
RISING IMPORTS, AND 13 WOOL TEXTILE MILL
LIQUIDATIONS
The commitment: White House letter of
August 7, 1962, to NAWM:
"Limitation of textile imports to prevent
market disruption Is an essential element of
administration policy. We intend to Imple-
ment this policy with regard to all textiles,
and particularly to prevent market disrup-
tion such as would result from an Increase
over current levels of Imports."
No action has been taken, however, and
1962 wool product Imports reached a record
high. The influx In 1963 exceeds that In the
same 1962 period. Mill closings reported In
the press since Augutit 7. 1962. total 13, as
follows:
YEAR 1962
October: Charlottesville Woolen Mills,
Charlottesville, Va.; woolen cloth.
November: Grosvenordale Woolen Mills,
North Grosvenordale, Conn.; woolen cloth.
December :
Bonin Spinning Co., Woonsocket, RI.;
woolen yarn.
French-American-British Woolens. New-
burgh, N.Y.; woolen cloth.
January:
Mapleville plant, Stillwater Worsted Mills,
Mapleville, R.I.; worsted cloth.
Yale Woolen Mills, Yale, Mich.; woolen
cloth.
February:
Jonathan Ring & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.;
woolen yarn.
Yorkshire Worsted Mills. Lenni, Pa.; worst-
ed cloth.
Northfield Mills, Northfield, Vt.; woolen
cloth.
March :
Shamokin Woolen Mills, Shamokin, Pa.;
wool cloth.
Marland plant, J. P. Stevens & Co.. Inc.,
Andover, Mass.; woolen cloth.
Samuel Hird & Co., Clifton, N.J.; wool
tops.
April: Cyril Johnson Woolen Co.. Stafford
Springs, Conn.; woolen cloth.
NEws RELEASE CONCERNING PLIGHT OF
WOOLEN INnusTRY, APRIL 26, 19133
Mr. Ronald A. Mitchell, president of the
Cyril Johnson Woolen Co., announceii today
the closing of the Stafford Springs, Conn.,
plant In Its 75th continuous year of opera-
tion,
His announcement to the employees reads
as follows:
"It is with great regret that we. today, an-
nounce the closing of the Cyril Johnson
Woolen Co. Orders for our customers and
commitments for fabric for our Govern-
ment's military requirements will be com-
pleted during the next few months and then
operations will be discontinued. The many
improvements that we have made have still
been insufficient to reverse the long down-
ward trend of this company.
"The Cyril Johnson organization with its
250 employees has taken action in all phases
of its business to improve its position and
reverse the trend but without success.
"It looked for some action by our Govern-
ment to control the imports of woolen fab-
rics and garments. Nothing has been done,
and there seems to be little hope that effec-
tive action will be taken. In the meantime,
the tremendous and uncontrolled increase In
imports from low-wage countries has dis-
rupted the markets for the high-quality fab-
rics produced by Cyril Johnson.
"The closing of this fine quality American
mill is a great misfortune for Its people and
this community.
"We hope the administration will take
some positive and prompt action to control
Imports within reasonable limits so that
these liquidations will not continue."
FEDERAL AID HIGHWAY ACT
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. MACGRECOR ) was given permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, one
of the major problems and costs of our
present highway program is the acquisi-
tion of the necessary rights-of-way. It
was estimated in 1960 that the cost of
the necessary real property to complete
the Interstate System would be approxi-
mately $4.6 billion, or nearly 15 percent
of the total remaining cost of the Inter-
state System. In addition to the mat-
ter of cost, other aspects of right-of-way
acquisition have proved troublesome.
Because of Inconvenience and hardships
of persons and businesses displaced by
highway construction, Congress enacted
as a part of the Federal Aid Highway
Act of 1962, a provision providing for re-
location advisory assistance and the pay-
ment of moving costs. Because of many
questions as to the adequacy of the exist-
ing laws and regulations under which
real property is acquired for all the vari-
ous Federal and federally assisted pro-
grams, the Public Works Committee in
1961 created a Select Subcommittee on
Real Property Acquisition to exhaustive-
ly research and analyze all existing laws
and regulations and submit appropriate
recommendations. The work of the se-
lect subcommittee is expected to be com-
pleted next year.
Regardless of what recommendations
may be submitted by the select subcom-
mittee, one fact is obvious : Costs can be
greatly reduced and many other prob-
lems alleviated, If not entirely elimin-
ated, by acquiring highway rights-of-way
well In advance of actual construction.
People living in the shadow of approach-
ing highways have the right to know
just what land the State is going to buy
and to get their compensation as soon as
possible so they can plan for the future.
The cost of property is constantly in-
creasing. In addition, property which is
vacant today may be improved with
apartment buildings, supermarkets, or
other expensive developments by the
time the State highway departments are
ready to proceed with highway construc-
tion. In order to conserve Federal and
State funds to the greatest degree pos-
sible, it is essential that the States be
enabled to acquire property needed for
rights-of-way at an early time when it
can be purchased at a comparatively low
cost, rather than being forced to wait
until the property has increased dras-
tically in value.
The Congress recognized this at the
time it enacted the Federal Aid Highway
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'7254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
dealing with the $73 million Philippine
claims deal.
Now, I would like to ask the gentleman
from Texas what his attitude may be
toward the solution of this deal?
Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, if the
gentleman will yield, may I say to my,
distinguished friend from Iowa what we
are seeking to do now is to appoint con-
ferees, and I have no idea that the House
conferees will be able to digest what the
gentlemen at the other end of the Capi-
tol have done before Monday morning.
I want to assemble with my friends.
Frankly, I do not know what is in the
bill, but I have been told that the basic
philosophy as to what our friends at the
other end of the Capitol did is. totally
opposed to the philosophy of the House
when the bill left this body.
Mr. Speaker, I. see our distinguished
friend, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
Bow], is present, and I would say if a
little guessing is in order, I imagine the
House conferees will certainly have a
leaning to go along with the original
philosophy as expressed In the House bill.
Mr. GROSS. Now, the gentleman is
well aware of the fact that there has
been a good deal of publicity relating to
the charges, the allegations-call them
what you will--of some form of payola,
attending the passage of the legislation
last year. I would like to see a real dis-
cussion of this bill on the floor of the
House. I would like to have some under:
standing, if it is possible to have it with
the gentleman, that some Members who
opposed this bill originally, and others,
perhaps, if they care to do so, will have
some time In which to express their opin-
ion as to. the results of the conference
when this matter is reported back to the
House.
Mr. THOMAS. Why, certainly we will.
Mr. GROSS. The time is going to be
under the control of the gentleman from
Texas, but there is one way of getting 30
minutes for the minority for a discussion
and that is by an objection now which
would send it to the Committee on Rules.
I do not want to object if I can be as-
sured that when the conference report
comes to the House there will be time
for some of us who would like to do so to
express our opinions on what has been
done.
Mr. THOMAS. May I say to my friend
that a little guessing is in order but I
doubt that there will be the slightest dif-
ference of opinion on the question of
fees; and as far as time is concerned
we make a commitment now that our
friend from Iowa will have time to ex-
press his views.
Mr. GROSS. I am not speaking for
myself alone; I am speaking for others
who may be interested. I would dislike
very much to agree to the unanimous
consent request made by the gentleman
now, and then see others precluded
within reasonable time limitations, from
speaking on this subject. I think the
$73 million payment to the Philippine
was ill advised from the start. I think
deception has been practiced upon the
Congress, upon those who supported the
bill as well as those who opposed it, and
particularly those who opposed it. I
want to see this forced out into the
open. I want to see it discussed on the
House floor. I want to see as much as
possible of the full hour on the con-
ference report used to tell us the story
of what has transpired with respect to
this mess.
Mr. THOMAS. I think we can assure
the gentleman that ample time will be.
available to discuss this matter In its
entirety; I assure the gentleman of that
now.
Mr. GROSS. We are running into al-
together too many allegations of payola
with respect to the. operations of the
Congress of the United States.
Mr. THOMAS. I can assure the gen-
tleman now there will be some limitation
on that point in the bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
The Chair hears none, and appoints
the following conferees: Messrs. THOMAS,
KIRWAN, CANNON, Bow, and WILSON Of
Indiana.
RESIGNATION FROM COMMITTEE
The SPEAKER laid before the House
the following resignation from a com-
mittee:
MAY 2, 1963.
Hon. JOHN W. MCCORMACK,
The Speaker,
U.S. House of Representatives.
DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I hereby advise you of
my resignation from the Committee on Post
Office and Civil Service.
Sincerely yours,
EVERETT G. BURKHALTER,
Member of Congress.
The SPEAKER. Without objection,
the resignation will be accepted.
There was no objection.
ELECTION OF MEMBERS TO
COMMITTEES
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on behalf
of the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr.
MILLS], I offer a resolution (H. Res. 332)
and ask for its immediate consideration.
The Clerk read as follows:
Resolved, That the following-named Mem-
bers be, and they are hereby, elected mem-
bers of the following standing committees of
the Houes of Representatives:
Committee on Armed Services: EVERETT G.
BURKHALTER, of California.
Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv-
ice: EDWARD R. ROYBAL, of California.
The resolution was. agreed to.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND
LABOR
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous. consent that the Committee
on Education and Labor may sit today
while the House is in session.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on behalf
of the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr.
May 2
MILLS]; who advises me that he has
cleared this matter with the gentleman
from Wisconsin [Mr. BYRNES], I ask
unanimous' consent that the Committee
on Ways and Means have until midnight
Monday to file a report, including minori-
ty and supplemental views, on the bill
H.R. 6009, to provide for the period end-
ing June 30, 1963, and August 31, 1963,
temporary increases in the public debt
limit.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on behalf
of the gentleman from North Carolina
[Mr. CoOLEYI, I ask unanimous consent
that the Committee on Agriculture have
until midnight tonight to file reports on
the following bills: H.R. 101, H.R. 40,
and H.R. 3742.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND
CURRENCY
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on behalf
of the gentleman from Texas [Mr. PAr-
MAN], I ask unanimous consent that the
Committee on Banking and Currency
may have until midnight May 4 to file
certain reports.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was n objection.
SPEfI1IC PLAN FOR OAS ACTION
AGAINST CUBA
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
er, the past few weeks have shown that
the Organization of American States can
be highly effective. A special OAS com-
mittee headed by Ambassador deLavalle,
of Peru, is now completing its recom-
mendations for OAS action against Com-
munist Cuba, and with remarkable speed
the OAS dispatched an investigation of
the current turmoil in Haiti.
Use of this effective .Organization is
our most immediate recourse in the
Cuban problem short of a direct con-
frontation with Soviet Russia. We can-
not continue at the present rate of in-
action. "Peaceful coexistence" with
Castro simply means piecemeal takeover
in Latin America through Communist
salami tactics.
For this reason, U.S. leadership in the
OAS must be increased to the same pitch
it reached last autumn when we won the
entire support of Latin America during
the October missile crisis. We can win
that support again with the same firm
spirit.
I, therefore, urge again that the Unit-
ed States propose the following five-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 7253 '
gentleman from New York IMr. Hos-
TON], in expressing our deep sorrow at
the death of Jessica Weis. It is hard for
me to realize that Judy has passed on.
I think of her as a lively, fun-loving,
bright, attractive person. She had wit
and charm, but most of all a supreme
dedication to public service and the peo-
ple that she represented.
The 36th district of New York is most
fortunate in the unusually high caliber
of Representatives It has had. Since
World War U there has been our col-
league in the Senate, Kenneth B. Keat-
ing, then Jessica Weis, and now Frank
Horton, All have lent strength and
luster to the district and given great rep-
resentation to the people of their district.
in Judy we have lost a person who
gave standards to her party, loyalty to
her friends, and devotion to the free en-
terprise system. She well understood the
energy and effort that is required to keep
democracy and freedom alive, and she
applied her energies accordingly.
Judy will be missed. Most of all she
will be missed by her wonderful family.
To my friend and classmate, and Judy's
son, Charles M. Weis, and his two sisters,
Mrs. Lindsay and I extend our deepest
sympathy. I am sure they will be com-
forted in the realization of the contribu-
tion their mother made to America's
well-being.
Mr. RIEHLMAN. Mr. Speaker, it was
with a deep sense of sorrow that I
learned of the passing of Judy Weis, my
dear friend and former colleague.
It was a genuine pleasure to serve
with her here in the House, and Mrs.
Riehlman and I treasured her friend-
ship. Last year when Mrs. Weis an-
nounced her retirement from Congress
because of ill health, all of us who
worked with her were saddened. I
worked with her on both the Govern-
ment Operations and the Science and
Astronautics Committees and can testify
to her significant contributions.
She was a devoted and conscientious
servant of the people and gracious to all
who knew her. She was a fine lady in
every sense of the word and an out-
spoken advocate of women's role in Gov-
ernment and politics.
Mrs. Weis spent many years of her life
working for the high ideals in which she
believed, and her service will not be for-
gotten.
My deepest sympathy goes out to her
family in their bereavement.
Mr. BARRY. Mr. Speaker, It was
with great sadness that I learned of the
death of my friend of longest standing
in the U.S. Congress, the Honorable Jes-
sica McCullough Weis.
Judy was a dear friend, one for whom
I had the greatest admiration. The Na-
tion's loss probably can best be stated
by others, but my personal loss is very
great indeed. Our acquaintance and
friendship began back in 1948, and in all
of the years that I have known Judy, she
has put forth her finest efforts to make
this Nation a better place in which to
live.
To those of us who have had the honor
and privilege of knowing her and work-
ing with her over the years, Judy will
be sorely missed-and never replaced.
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I mourn to-
day the tragic loss to this Nation that
occurred yesterday when a distinguished
former colleague and friend of mine died
at the much too early age of 62. I refer
to the passing of Jessica McCullough
Wets, who served two distinguished terms
in this House and who at all times was
generous to me and to my colleagues.
She added to this House the charm that
was hers In great measure.
The charm that she possessed did not
In anyway prevent her from being an
outstanding public servant. This charm
did not prevent her from seeking the ac-
tive life. In fact, she decided early to
make her Influence felt in our national
life. It would have been easy for her
to simply watch the passing parade. She
would. not have had to give up countless
hours to the political process. But she
did, and in living her life, she exemplified
the highest ideals of public service.
She will be particularly missed In her
adopted State of New York, She will be
missed in this Chamber, and she will be
missed throughout the land.
To me, she was a dear and devoted
friend. I will miss Judy a great deal, and
I will never forget her. Her devotion to
public life, her enthusiasm and good
spirit, made a great Impression on all of
us. It Is good that we pause in memory
of this great and good lady.
This morning's edition of the New York
Times reviewed Jessica McCullough Weis'
career, and I would like to make this part
of the body of the ReCORD.
JassICA MCCULLOmH Wars D7AD-OOP CaM-
bnrrZEwOMAN, 63-Two-Tsars U.S. Rae-
RE'SENTATIVa FROM UrsTATS hare Crum
DEFENSE ADVISORY POST
RocuS.a, May 1.-Mrs. Jessica McCul-
lough Weis, a two-term. U.S. Representative
and a Republican national committeewoman,
died of cancer this afternoon at her home.
She was 62 years old.
Mrs. Wets was elected to the House of Rep-
resentatives from the 38th District in 1958,
succeeding KvsNvrn B. KasTfl6, now U.S.
Senator. She had served on the House Sci-
ence and Astronautics Committee. She was
reelected in 1960 but did not run last year
because of Illness.
Surviving are two daughters, Mrs. William
C. Warren 3d and Mrs. Cameron Jameson: a
son. Charles McCullough Weis, a professor
at Ohio Wesleyan University. and six grand-
children.
rN7TRxD POLrries rN 1035
Jessica McCullough Weis was a stranger
to politics until 1935, long after she began
rearing family of a bay and two girls. Her
husband, Charles W. Weis, Jr., to whom she
was married in 1921 and who died In 1958,
was In business and had no political lean-
ings.
In 1935, Thomas B. Broderick, the Monroe
County Republican leader, was looking for
party workers. He named Mrs. Weis vice
chairman of the citizens' Republican finance
committee. The taste for politics became
a consuming interest and Mrs. Weis led a
successful campaign to raise funds for GOP
coffers.
The next year she organized motor cara-
vans to boost the candidacy of Gov. Alfred M.
Landon. of Kansas, when he ran against
Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential
campaign. The same year she was named
an alternate delegate to the Republican State
convention.
Through the years, the Chicago-born Mrs.
Wets served In various capacities on county
committees and later was appointed to the
State executive committee. In 1940 she was
a delegate-at-large to the Republican Na-
tional Convention. In all, she was a dele-
gate-at-large at six national conventions.
The same year she was elected president
for a 2-year term of the National Federation
of Republican Women's Clubs. Her duties
carried her across the Nation, meeting with
many of the group's 360,000 members In 38
States.
Former President Dwight D. Eisenhower
appointed Mrs. Wets a member of the Na-
tional Civil Defense Advisory Council in 1953
and reappointed her 3 years later.
Wearing her "lucky dress," a royal blue
wool that she had worn at high spots in her
1958 congressional campaign, Mrs. Wets was
sworn In as a Member In the 86th Congress.
She was reelected In 1960.
Once asked why she had embarked on her
career, she replied:
"I really went Into politics because I got
tired sitting around the sitting room and
objecting to the way things were being run.
I decided I ought to do something about It
or stop objecting."
While in the House, Mrs. Weis conducted
a personal poll to help select a national flow-
er. She reported that the rose won by a
count of 6 to 1. The rose Is the New York
State flower.
Active In Rochester Civic affairs, she served
on the women's board of the Genesee Hos-
pital and the board of the Rochester Con-
valescent Hospital for Children. Mrs. Weis
was a member of the Rochester Business and
Professional Women's Club and founder and
president of the Chatterbox Club there. She
also was the author of "Politics-U. S. A."
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
have 5 legislative days In which to ex-
tend their remarks on the passing of
Mrs. Jessica McCullough Weis.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
COMMITTEE ON RULES
Mr. THORNBERRY. Mr. Speaker, I
ask unanimous consent that the Com-
mittee on Rules have until midnight
tonight to file certain reports.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
There was no objection.
SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING
JUNE 30, 1963, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's table the bill (H.R. 5517) mak-
ing supplemental appropriations for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, and for
other purposes, with Senate amendments
thereto, disagree to the Senate amend-
ments, and agree to the conference asked
by the Senate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object-as I understand it
this appropriation bill contains a legis-
lative rider put on by the other body
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 1963 Approved For RCON REOSSI~NA~,CRi~- ~5B0 MR00200240056-5 725
point plan to the OAS Council for adop- The French troops began a march to Department, Department of Defense, or
tion by the nations of the hemisphere: the Mexican capital, apparently under the White House. President Eisenhower
First. Curb movement of Castro the impression that the Mexican people accepted the responsibility, just as he
agents and propaganda throughout the would welcome their intervention-a accepted the responsibility for backing
hemisphere. view assiduously cultivated in Paris by the Castro government, but in both cases,
Second. Freeze Cuban Government defeated Mexican monarchists and I think most people would agree that the
funds now on deposit in Latin American clerical supporters. At Puebla on May 5 decisions were made by someone in a
banking institutions. the French encountered their first re- much lower echelon. I realize that hind-
Third. Close the seaports of the hemi- sistance by the republican forces of sight is always much more accurate than
sphere to nations engaged in seatrade Mexico. foresight, but I still contend that those
with Cuba. Although the Mexican victory at individuals who are responsible for mak-
Fourth. Close airports of the hems- Puebla was only a temporary setback ing such tragic errors of judgment,
sphere to airlines with flights into Cuba. for the invading French-a reinforced should not be permitted to remain in
Fifth. Ban relay of telecommunica- French Army occupied Mexico City on positions where they can continue to do
tions messages to and from Cuba. July 10, 1863-Mexicans regard the bat- damage to this Nation.
I am today introducing legislation to tle at Puebla with great sentiment. The The recent report of the Comptroller
express the sense of the Congress that fact that Mexicans, armed with ancient General has pointed up this weakness in
the above plan be proposed to the OAS weapons and inexperienced in modern our system of government where we con-
and adopted. The application of these warfare, could defeat. Napoleon III's tinue to keep in positions of responsi-
steps will halt communism in this hemi- well-equipped and renowned troops cre- bility men who are incompetent and have
sphere ated a surge of national pride in Mexico, proved this incompetence through deci-
served as a unifying force in a nation sions which have cost this Government
MEXICO'S "CINCO DE MAYO" rent by civil strife, and became a symbol billions of dollars.
of Mexico' resistance to foreign tyrar;ny. Some weeks ago I called to the atten-
(Mr. BROWN of California asked and tion of this House, decisions of the GSA
was given permission to address the and the Post Office Department, to build
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex- POLICY DECISIONS federally owned buildings, the cost of
tend his remarks.) (Mr. JONES of Missouri asked. and which cannot be justified by any stretch
Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. as given permission to address the of the imagination. When I questioned
Speaker, May 5 is the anniversary of the House for 1 minute and to revise and ex- a proposal in a prospectus issued by GSA
day in 1862 when Mexican forces at tend his remarks and include a news- in December, and pointed out some of
Puebla beat back French troops in their paper article.) the locations where I felt the expendi-
march to capture Mexico City. Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, tures could not be Justified, they brought
The Battle of ' Puebla is a chapter in I was impressed when I read Lyle C. Wil- out a revised list, which omitted some
the attempt of Napoleon III to establish son's column, "Who Knew About 50-odd projects, and reduced the pro-
an empire in Mexico with Maximilian of Castro?" which appeared in the press posed expenditure from $32 million down
Austria on the throne. yesterday. I was impressed because - of to $20 million. An official in the Post
The initial excuse for the French in- the manner in which Mr. Wilson raised Office Department was frank enough to
tervention was the refusal or inability a question which has been of great con- admit that mistakes had been made, and
of Mexico to meet its financial obliga- cern to me for some time, not simply be- that some of the projects could not be
tions. Mexico had signed a convention cause of the Cuban situation, but because justified. Who made the original deci-
with Great Britain in 1842, and later it fits a pattern. sion that they were justified? I have
with Spain and France, recognizing its I remember back in 1960, on the oc- not been able to learn the identity of
Indebtedness and agreeing to set aside' casion of the U-2 incident, when I spent the person, and I doubt, Mr. Speaker,
a percentage of. the customs receipts at considerable time and made a conscien- if you can learn.
Vera Cruz and Tampico for the payment tious effort to learn the identity of the Administrations change, but the policy
of interest and principal, but as a result individual who made the original deci- remains the same. The policymakers
of repeated revolutions had defaulted on sion to make the false announcement are not Republicans and they are not
payments. concerning the nature of the flight on Democrats-they are bureaucrats, re-
In June 1861, the great reformer, which Powers was forced down. It was gardless -of which administration is in
Benito Juarez, became President of most embarrassing and humiliating to power. Particularly is this true in the
Mexico. Finding hemself financially un- me, as'one American citizen, to be forced State Department, and you have heard
able to launch the progressive economic to admit that the United States had. been me from time to time speak of the gr-
and educational problems he had caught in a lie. I did not make 'the rogance of some of these in these policy-
planned and in need of money to sup- speech that I had written and which I making positions who have appeared be-
press continuing guerrilla fighting, had intended making on the floor of this fore committees of Congress.
Juarez, in July 1&61, suspended for 2 House, largely because I do not approve I realize that the President cannot,
years payment on foreign debts. France, of speeches made by persons who are and even the members of the Cabinet
Spain, and England-Mexico's principal either uninformed, misinformed, or par- cannot, be familiar with every detail of
creditors-responded in Octboer 1861 tially informed. But, I did go to Mr. administration of this Government, but
with a convention in which they agreed Allen Dulles, then head of the CIA and I do say that when errors of judgment
to occupy Mexican ports and collect the conveyed to him my views on this matter, are made, and after they have been
customs duties to secure payments of, telling him that I believed this big lie called to the attention of those who
debts. At the same time they forswore had done more to destroy the confidence have to accept the responsibility, that
any violation of Mexico's territorial in- of our friends in many parts of the world some action should be taken to see that
tegrity or its political autonomy. than any other one thing which had been these mistakes are not repeated-at least
Troops of the three European coun- done in recent years. not by the same incompetent individuals.
tries landed at Veracruz in early 1862. I not only told Mr. Dulles that I be- In closing, I would like to be assured
Dissension among the allies revealed that lieved someone had committed a griev- that the individual who cleared Castro
the French were using the scheme of ous error, but I felt very strongly that in the first place, and the man who
debt collection as a pretext for imperial the person who had made this decision, made the ' decision to tell the big lie,
conquest. The British and Spanish Gov- should be removed from any policymak- is not still in a position where he can
ernments, convinced of the duplicity of ing position in our Government. Mr. do further damage to this country of
France, ordered the withdrawal of their Dulles declined, possibly with very good ours. I do not know that I would be
armed forces from Mexican soil. The reason, to identify the person who had as charitable as Mr. Wilson was in his
United States, although alarmed by the made this decision, and furthermore column of yesterday when he closed with
French maneuvers, was reduced ' by the declined to say whether the decision had this comment:
Civil War to helpless protestations. been made by someone In CIA, State, This guy is no Communist. Just dumb.
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The column to which I have referred
reads as follows:
WHO KNSw ABOUT CASTRO?
(By Lyle C. Wilson)
The prevailing humiliation and confusion
of the United States invites some smart
politician to ask a sharp question and to
press for a clean answer. The question
would be:
"How did this fellow, Castro, grab Cuba
In the first place?"
This question would not launch a witch
hunt. Neither would it be asked in a ma-
neuver to tag some witless State Department
underatrapper as a subversive character with
Communist tendencies. But it just might
provide some valuable guidance for the fu-
ture.
Enough is known of the State Depart-
ment's attitude toward Fidel Castro when
his revolution was developing to assure that
it was not Communist subversion in the De-
partment that caused the United States to
foster Castro's takeover of Cuba on Janu-
ary 1, 1959.
It appears to have been stupidity. The
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee went
through the motions of investigating the
State Department and the events within it
that led up to the tragedy of Castro's Cuban
triumph.
Not much, if anything. came of that in-
vestigation, other than many thousands of
words. No investigation was needed to estab-
lish that U.S. intelligence agencies had CBs-
tro's number long before his triumphal en-
try into Havana. Years before that our
agents knew that the Beard was In cahoots
with the Communists.
Intelligence reports on Castro's Commu-
nist sympathies were submitted in detail
to the White House, to the State Depart-
ment and to the Pentagon. Another ques-
tion, therefore, arises: Did the President and
top officials know of these Intelligence re-
ports or were the reports diverted or sup-
pressed?
The answers to that doubletrack question
would be Interesting. If the reports were
submitted and neither the President nor
his top aids got them, who did get them?
And why were they diverted from the top
men? And, if so diverted, by whom?
Those are fair questions. They should
have been asked and answered long since.
But these questions seem not even to have
been asked.
The word here in Washington is that in-
telligence reports on Castro's Communist
affiliations were submitted regularly for the
guidance of administration policymakers.
All of this, of course, was during the Eisen-
hower administration.
The word is not so clear as to who actually
received these reports. There is evidence,
however, that these reports did not reach
thetop where the decision was made to en-
courage Castro and then to recognize him
on his entry into Havana.
Taxpaying stockholders in the Govern-
ment of the United States may not believe
that such things can happen here. But they
do happen. It Is reasonable to believe that
understrappers in Government cut off the
Secretary of State, the President, and per-
haps the Secretary of Defense, from Informa-
tion vital to them in judging Castro.
Somebody in Congress should have the
gumption to get some simple understandable
answers to all of the questions raised by
the Castro goof.
If it happened the way it seems to have
happened, the guy responsible probably still
is In Washington somewhere with a desk, a
title and a salary from the taxpayers-ready,
willing and able to do it again. This guy is
no Communist. Just dumb.
POLISH CONSTITUTION DAY
(Mr. PRICE asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point and to Include -extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, a good many
millions of Americans each year cele-
brate the 3d of May as an anniversary
day of freedom. They are the sons and
daughters of Americans of Polish an-
cestry and Polish pride, who are still
aware that in a Polish Constitution- of
1791 the great doctrines of human free-
dom and national sovereignty were pro-
claimed deep In the continent of Europe.
It has been 172 years since Poland's
people set forth the constitutional decla-
ration that the purpose of the state must
be to serve the will of those it governed,
with the civil liberty of the citizens guar-
anteed.
This was a revolutionary declaration
at the time and at the place, and it cut
away the outmoded traditions of feudal-
ism. The anniversary Is observed by
people of Polish ancestry throughout the
world as the moment in history when
their fatherland moved into the main
current of modern concepts of govern-
ment and society.
We have a special reason this year to
spend a few minutes in recognition of
the standard of constitutional freedom
raised in Poland so many generations
ago.
This is the centennial year of a great
uprising In Poland against the foreign
domination of the Russian czar.
The Polish people had little time after
their constitution of 1791 to rebuild their
society; the land and the government
were taken over In 2 short years In the
notorious third partition of the country
between imperial Prussia and imperial
Russia. The bulk of Poland's birthright
went to the czar.
The Poles rose again and again in the
long course of history against the oc-
cupying forces-just as they rose in 1944
when the Warsaw patriots revolted
against the Nazi armies. In the 19th
century, the greatest uprising was the
revolt of 1883.
That year was memorable in history,
for us as well as the Poles. It was the
year of our Emancipation Proclamation.
In Poland, It meant the rising of the
people against foreign garrisons. It
meant the capture of arms and the
other means of resistance. It meant
2 years of bloody and hard-fought
insurgency in the name of freedom be-
fore powerful masses of the czar's armies
moved in to suppress the rebels and hang
the patriots. A quarter of a million sons
of Poland were lost In the struggle-
slain in pitched battles, executed, or cap-
tured and exiled to Siberia.
The spirit that motivated the insur-
gents of 1863 came from the doctrines
embedded in and symbolized by the Con-
stitution of May 3. That same spirit,
we may be sure, lives in Poland today
and finds its means of expression in
many ways. We honor the cause of free-
dom everywhere by joining in this dual
observance here-the anniversary of the
1791 Constitution and the centennial of
the uprising of 1883.
SALUTE TO ISRAEL
(Mr. PRICE asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, it Is safe
to say that no state in all human his-
tory has contributed to mankind in 15
short years anything comparable to the
contributions of Israel as an example of
democracy, tenacity and vitality.
The Israeli people, on their shelf of
land in the cradle of civilization, have
lived a life that is more eloquent than
any attempt at verbal tribute. They
have built a nation that is strong if
small in population and area. They
have stood as a bulwark of the concept
of national sovereignty as well as the
doctrines of human freedom. They have
welcomed their people returning from
the ends of the earth and demonstrated
the validity of a good society united by
an ideal.
It is a privilege for the rest of us, who
share the concepts of our common an-
cient culture, to salute the State which
has built its new foundations well and
created a house which all men must gaze
at with respect.
AMENDMENTS TO ANTIDUMPING
ACT
(Mr. SECREST asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SECREST. Mr. Speaker, H.R.
5892, introduced by Congressman Wsa-
TER, proposes many beneficial amend-
ments to the Anti-Dumping Act of 1921.
H.R. 5693 to H.R. 5701 are nine identical
bills introduced in the House. Although
the amendment proposed by the gentle-
man from Pennsylvania, Congressman
WALTER, covers such worthwhile projects
as preventing dumping from Communist
countries, the bill is silent on the subject
of the Tariff Commission's interpreta-
tion of the statutory requirement that
there must be an affirmative finding of
"injury to an Industry," The Tariff
Commission has ruled that dumping
duties should apply to cement imported
from the Dominican Republic. It should
be noted that this Is only the fourth
injury-to-an-industry ruling by the
Tariff Commission since 1958, although
literally a hundred complaints have been
filed during this period. The usually
negative results have undoubtedly dis-
couraged many U.S. manufacturers from
filing complaints. In other words, the
Tariff Commission's interpretation o:
"Injury" has made the act generally in.
effective.
If a U.B. manufacturer has a diver
sifted line of products, it is praeticalt
impossible to find injury to the industry
although the market for one product ma:
have been ruined by dumping. For ex
ample, if dolls are dumped by a foreig:
manufacturer into the U.B. market, it I
most difficult to find Injury to the to
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 1963
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CONGRESS _
authoritative, up-to-date information on
the revenue, spending, and tax outlook,
but, Mr. Speaker, the President's budget
for 1964 is pending before the Congress,
not the bhamber of commerce. The
President's January budget estimate of
$86.9 billion of Treasury revenue for
fiscal 1964, based on certain economic
assumptions, is the last official word from
the President, and if it is out of date,
Congress ought to be told-and told in
time to take the new outlook into ac-
count in considering spending and tax
legislation.
As I say, Mr. Speaker, that is precisely
the sort of budget updating I had in
mind in introducing House Joint Resolu-
tion 129. You will recall that last year
the President projected a small budget
surplus of $458 million in his original
January budget. Before summer ar-
rived, virtually every competent author-
ity was predicting a deficit Instead of a
surplus. And as we know, the latest offi-
cial Presidential prediction is an $8.8 bil-
lion deficit estimate for the current fiscal
year 1963. In the meantime, Congress
proceeded with spending legislation un-
der the official illusion of a budget
surplus.
I hope, Mr. Speaker, that Secretary
Dillon's disclosure will impress upon the
committee the merit of enacting House
Joint Resolution 129 to require the Presi-
dent, at the midsession point, to update
the annual January budget so that we
will be in position to more intelligently
process spending and revenue legislation.
industry with its diversified line of prod-
ucts. The same complaints have been
voiced by the pottery industry, the elec-
tronic industry, and the fabricated steel
products industry. Therefore, the Tariff
Commission should be directed by legis-
lation to interpret "injury to industry"
to mean "an injury to a product of an
industry or to an industry." Only if
section 201(a) is so amended will the
essential intent of the Anti-Dumping Act
be made effective in blocking the impor-
tation of products made by cheap foreign
labor and exported to this country by
foreign producers who have surpluses to
dispose of at any price;
..Today, I have introduced a bill which
would make effective the Anti-Dumping
Act by providing that if the sales of a
product by a member of an industry is
being or is likely to be injured, the Tariff
Commission should find that this is an
injury which would justify application
of the antidumping law. This is indis-
pensable to making the present law ef-
fective.
CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, on rollcall
No. 34, "Tuesday, April 30, 1963, I am
marked "absent." I was present and
voted, and I ask unanimous consent that
the RECORD be corrected accordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, on roll
call No. 36 of yesterday, Wednesday, May
1, 1963, I am recorded as being absent.
I was present and answered to my name.
I ask unanimous consent that the
permanent RECORD and Journal be cor-
rected accordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Michigan?
There was no objection.
PROPOSED MIDSESSION BUDGET
UPDATING
(Mr. BOW asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, yesterday's
press reports of Treasury Secretary Dil-
lon's remarks to the annual meeting of
the U.S. Chamber of Commerce here in
Washington on the state of the economy
and the outlook for its effect on Treasury
rwenues underscore precisely the kind of
,hanging circumstances to which I called
%ttention when I introduced House Joint
,esolution 129 on the day the President
submitted his 1964 budget to the House.
i'he Secretary's public statement, 4
aonths after the budget came up, that
he revenue outlook for fiscal 1964 is
,erhaps a billion dollars brighter than
he President's January budget assump-
ions is precisely the kind of disclosure
h.e President ought to make to Congress.
nd that is precisely what House Joint
resolution 129 Is designed to require. It
well and good that the chamber in its
eliberations, and others, should have
LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR
NEXT WEEK
(Mr. MACGREGOR asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute.)
Mr. MACGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, I
take this time for the purpose of inquir-
ing of the majority leader as to the legis-
lative program for the balance of this
week and also next week.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, we have
finished the legislative business of this.
week and it will be my purpose to ask
to adjourn over until Monday at the con-
clusion of this announcement.
Monday is Consent Calendar Day.
There are also three bills to be con-
sidered under suspension of the rules:
H.R. 3887, authorizing acceptance of a
land donation In North Carolina for the
construction of an entrance road at
Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
H.R. 101, to extend for 2 years the
definition of "peanuts" which is now in
effect under the Agriculture Adjustment
Act of 1938.
H.R. 40, to assist the States to provide
additional facilities for research at the
State agricultural experiment stations.
Tuesday is Private Calendar Day.
There will also be called up for con-
sideration House Joint Resolution 245,
providing that Members of Congress
shall be limited to per diem allowances
and necessary transportation costs in
connection with travel outside the United
States, and for other purposes, under an
open rule with 1 hour of debate and
waiving all points of order.
On Wednesday there will be called up
for consideration H.R. 5555, military pay
increase.
For Thursday and the balance of the
week, H.R. 6009, to provide, for the pe-
riods ending June 30, 1963, and August
31, 1963, temporary increases in the pub-
lic debt limit set forth in section 21 of
the Second Liberty Bond Act.
H.R. 950, amending the Internal Se-
curity Act of 1950 to provide for maxi-
mum personnel security in the National
Security Agency.
This announcement, of course, is sub-
ject to the usual reservation that con-
ference reports may be brought up at
any time and that any further program
or any change in the program may be
announced later.
Mr. MACGREGOR. I thank the ma-
jority leader.
ADJOURNMENT OVER
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that when the House
adjourns today it adjourn to meet on
Monday next.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Oklahoma?
There was no objection.
CALENDAR WEDNESDAY
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the business In
order on Calendar Wednesday of next
week may be dispensed with.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection-to
the request of the gentleman from
Oklahoma?
There was no objection.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. MACGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, I
ask unanimous consent that all Members
may have 5 legislative days to extend
their remarks in the body of the RECORD
on Polish Constitution Day. -
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Minnesota?
Thera was no objection.
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, NEU-
TRALITY, AND CUBA: UNEX-
PLAINED CONTRADICTIONS
(Mr. WIDNALL (at the request of Mr.
MACGREGOR) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, recent
actions being taken by the justice De-
partment, the Immigration Service, and
the Coast Guard to harass, capture, and
confine Cuban refugees in their attempt
to carry on the fight against Fidel Castro
and his Communist regime in Cuba ap-
pear to be clearly inconsistent with the
Attorney General's own interpretation of
the neutrality laws. Two years ago to-
day, at the time of the unsuccessful Bay
of Pigs invasion of Cuba, Robert F. Ken-
nedy stated to the press:
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 7258 Approved Fce1, ,RMq%q//2]RiE&BDP6f(o 3R000200240056-5 May 2.
Second, the neutrality laws were never harmony with today's world has been escape being completely enveloped in the
designed to prevent Individuals from leaving sent to Congress from the Justice embrace of the Federal Government.
the United States to fight for a cause In Department
which they believe. There is nothing In the The many subtle changes President
neutrality laws which prevents refugees from If the present neutrality laws stand Kennedy is bringing about in free Amer-
Cuba from returning to that country to en- in the way of action to eliminate a re- ica are hardly noticeable in the present
gage In the fight for freedom. Noi is an in- game that the Organization of American budget, but they are surely destined to
dividual prohibited from departing from the States has branded as "incompatible grow Into multibillion-dollar enterprises
United States, with others of like belief, to with the Inter-American system" then from which none of us escape.
Join still others in a second country for an change should be considered. There Is Consider for a moment the wide range
expedition against a third country.
d
Since there have been no allegations
or proof of any raids or supply activities
originating on American soil, the effects
of the Kennedy administration's present
activities is to stop Cuban refugees from
doing precisely what the Attorney Gen-
eral has said they have a right to do.
Noexplanation has been given as to this
complete reversal of policy and law. An
explanation is long overdue. The law
should not become a pawn of interna-
tional politics. I would hate to see
"managed justice" take a place beside
"managed news" in the arsenal of Gov-
ernment control.
The closing down of Cuban exile bases
in the Caribbean by combined British
and American efforts Is reported to have
limited the movement of supplies to the
anti-Castro underground on the island.
It is ironic that on the second anniver-
sary of the Bay of Pigs defeat, credited
with destroying the organization and
morale of the anti-Castro movement at
that time, the administration should
again be taking steps which may have
similar results.
Administration leaders still talk of
freeing Cuba. Only last Monday, April
15, Ambassador Stevenson told the Coun-
cil of the Organization of American
States that "Cuba's freedom will be re-
stored." The President himself on Feb-
ruary 7, 1963, told a news conference
that the two ways of removing Castro
would be "by the Cubans themselves" or
"by external action." Reasonable men
- al.u Ulf: U.11,1
agree that external action on our part agrees-u
pon goal of eliminating commu-
should be avoided if at all possible. I nism in Cuba. Both consistency and
cannot understand, therefore, why the policy have been sorely lacking on the
administration Insists on taking steps, part of the Kennedy administration.
not re
ui
d b
l
q
re
y
aw, to thwart its own
desired method of eliminating commu-
nism in Cuba.
I am in complete agreement that the
neutrality laws, as they stand, should
be enforced, under the Attorney Gen-
eral's interpretation of 1961. This would
mean continuing the vigilance that has
already been effective in preventing any
armed excursion launched directly from
our shores. There is a need, however,
to reexamine the neutrality laws to see
if there is any way in which discretion
would be appropriate in their adminis-
tration for specific cases. As Assistant
Secretary of State for Latin American
Affairs, Edwin M. Martin, remarked on
April 16:
We must not allow ourselves to be pars-
lyzed Into immobility by inapplicable dog-
mas of yesterday.
Two years ago, the Attorney General,
speaking of the neutrality laws, said:
Clearly they were not designed for the
kind of situation which exists In the world
today.
Two years have gone by, and not one
recommendation to bring these laws Into
prece
ent within the present law for of human endeavor, once the prerogative
making an exception where the Western of freemen, that is now being drawn
Hemisphere is concerned. A change in into the Federal orbit at the insistence
the law does not necessarily mean that of President Kennedy-programs in ed-
the United States would be used as a base ucation, mass transit, Juvenile delin-
of operations. However, a legal relaxa- quency, employment training, hometown
citizens to volunteer contributions to the
anti-Castro effort, or allow groups to re-
cruit among the exiles within this
country.
At the very least, a reaffirmation of
the Attorney General's 1961 interpreta-
tion of the neutrality laws is called for,
or else the American people should have
the benefit of a full explanation and
debate on the apparent sudden change
of heart now evidenced by administra-
tion deeds, not words. I do not believe
that our Government should hyprocriti-
cally flout its own laws. The same ap-
plies, however, to interpretations from
the highest legal office within our Gov-
ernment.
Now, a rift has developed between Dr.
Jose Miro Cardona and the State De-
partment which has culminated in the
withdrawal by Dr. Cardona from leader-
ship of the Cuban Revolutionary Council.
I want to make it clear that my state-
ment has no connection with this event.
It Is unfortunate to lose a man such as
Dr. Cordona, yet I am sure that the exile
movement would agree that no one man
is indispensable. What Is indispensable,
however, Is a consistent policy on the
part of the United States toward the
KENNEDY AIM SEEMS TO BE
COMPLETE CONTROL
(Mr. ALGER (at the request of Mr.
MACGREGOR) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point In the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, if we listen
carefully to the many speeches of Presi-
dent Kennedy we find a most ominous
Pattern developing. If the plans he out-
lines in carefully couched terms so as to
make them palatable are carried
through, the end will be complete Federal
control over the lives of every individual
citizen and local community, We are,
Indeed, moving very close to dictatorship
In America.
In a recent speech, largely ignored in
the news stories and completely over-
looked by most of the people, President
Kennedy talked about a mythical suburb,
"Random Village." In this little analogy
President Kennedy told how life would be
under his programs and in glowing terms
how hardly a single resident would
youth corps, National Service Corps,
medical aid, food distribution, employ-
ment service. And these do not include
the tightening controls around our once
free farmers.
However sugar coated the presentation
by President Kennedy is, there is no
doubt of the final Kennedy aim. It is
to expand the Federal Government's
services to the individual, the family and
the community. In short, to substitute
for freedom the judgment and the dicta-
tion of John F. Kennedy. Now does it
sound so fantastic when we say that the
policies and programs being pushed by
President Kennedy are bringing about a
dictatorship here?
The trend must be reversed before the
President's aims are realized. Congress
must reassert the powers delegated to us
by the Constitution. The people must
be aroused to take whatever appropriate
action possible under the Constitution to
stop dictatorship before it is too late.
PROFILES IN COURAGE
(Mr. HARSHA (at the request of Mr.
MACGREGOR) was granted permission _
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, I wish
to call attention to a recent article that
appeared on April 14, 1963, in one of
Ohio's leading newspapers.
This article and the courageous
actions by its subject, Gov. James A.
Rhodes, certainly are enlightening, to
say the least, in contrast to the policies
being advocated today in Washington.
As opposed to policies of increased
Federal expenditures and increased Gov-
ernment employees, we find at least one
man in these United States with enough
commonsense to realize that govern-
ment, to be successful, must live within
its income.
Governor Rhodes obviously believes in
the dignity and independence of the in-
dividual. He feels that most self-
respecting Americans choose to do things
for themselves, and that to tax and tax
and spend is to deprive the individua'
not only of his livelihood but of hi:
freedoms and self respect.
Mr. Speaker, Governor Rhodes is
man who has the courage of his con?
victions and by his actions Is demon.
strating his statesmanship. Officia
Washington could well take a page iron
his "book."
Mr. Speaker, I Include in my remark
the article to which I refer and com
mend it to my colleagues.
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