NEITHER WAR NOR PEACE: QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR CUBAN POLICY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240042-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 42
• Publication Date: June 27, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 11271
tion for the land that ought to be re-
distributed in the interest of the general
welfare of the country concerned. His
views should also be a warning to the
Congress and the American people that
we stand to waste billions of dollars in
the Alliance for Progress unless it deals
with more basic issues than it has to
TIONS ABOUT OUR CUBAN POLICY
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, on
March 15, I suggested that we had be-
come obsessed with Fidel Castro and the
Cuban problem. Considering the sig-
nificance of the Cuban regime and its
limited economic and military poten-
tial, I asked if we had not exaggerated
this as a threat to our security. I cnar-
acterized our obsession with Castro as
a fixation that was causing us to lose
sight of other more fundamental chal-
lenges in the hemisphere and elsewhere
in the world. The real bombshells of
Latin America-poverty, illiteracy, dis-
ease, feudalism; injustice-were being
underestimated. Too many critics, I
concluded, seemed willing to risk count-
less lives in a military invasion or naval
confrontation leading possibly to nuclear
war, while not enough courageous and
thoughtful men were giving attention to
the basic problems which made Castro
possible. What Castro is primarily a
threat to is not the United States, but
the possibility of peaceful, domocratic
development in the hemisphere.
Recognizing the necessity for keeping
the Cuban dictator under surveillance,
I suggested that we devote less time and
energy- to his fulminations and more
to removing the conditions which are
the seedbed of violence and communism
throughout Latin America.
But bringing the Castro threat into
perspective and strengthening such con-
structive forces as the Alliance for Prog-
ress will not directly solve the problem
of Castro's Cuba. What, then, can we
do specifically about this foreign policy
stickler?
There are a few who suggest that we
ought to make a direct onslaught against
Castro, and, indeed, we have the military
force to crush his government. This
course is not supported by the Kennedy
administration, nor does there seem to
be. any indication that Congress is ready
to enact a resolution calling for a war
against Cuba. The American people ex-
pressed overwhelming opposition to a
military invasion of Cuba in a Gallup
poll taken this spring.
Most of our citizens seem to under-
stand, even if some few politicians do
not, that a war with Cuba would doubt-
less create greater problems than it
would solve. Historically, even the most
well-intentioned U.S. military interven-
tions have poisoned our relations with
Latin America for long periods. And
if we were to clash with Soviet forces in
Cuba, who can be sure that this would
not trigger world war III?
Some have suggested that we invoke
a naval blockade against Soviet oil ship-
ments to Cuba. But here again, this
means a direct clash of American and courageously assumed the full blame.
Soviet power, albeit on the high seas. But to suggest now that the President
To forcefully stop another nation's ships is weak kneed because he does not an-
on the open seas is an act of war. Who volve us in another wild venture of this
is to guarantee that this would not bal- sort seems incomprehensible.
loon into a nuclear exchange? The President of the United States Is
It is true that when President Ken- charged with a higher obligation than to
nedy invoked a partial blockade against risk taking this great Nation into war
Cuba last October, he said that we would and possibly trigger a nuclear Armaged-
require the removal of offensive Soviet don unless every other alternative has
missiles followed by U.N. inspection as failed.
the price for lifting our naval sanction. President Kennedy is no weakling or
The missiles were withdrawn, but the appeaser. He will carry to his grave
Cubans balked at permitting U.N. in- painful injuries suffered in military com-
spection unless such inspections were bat. He carries in his heart the memory
extended to U.S. staging areas in Florida. of his brother who died in aerial com-
Those who argue that the President bat. He has on his shoulders the fate
capitulated by removing the naval sane- of 189 million Americans, and, indeed,
tion in the absence of U.N. inspection all mankind.
of Cuba should bear in mind that our He needs our help and our patience
reconnaissance planes have been per- and our prayers-not the strictures of
mitted to fly over Cuban territory daily bombastic critics and careless partisans.
without interference. U.S. photo recon- To reject the counsels of recklessness,
naissance is fantastically effective in however, is not to suggest that we sit on
giving our strategists a daily picture of dead center relative to Castro's Cuba.
the situation in Cuba. There is an urgent need for constant
Actually, President Kennedy scored evaluation and thoughtful, restrained
one of the most spectacular victories of criticism of American foreign policy, and
the cold war when he forced Mr. Khrush- especially our Cuban policy. Isolating
chev to get his missiles out of Cuba Castro and refusing to talk to him may
without war. That action was success- be a practical, temporary expedient. It
ful because it was thoughtfully planned is not a positive or permanent policy.
to achieve important but limited Amer- Our present position seems built on the
ican objectives that gave our adversary doubtful assumption that Castro, shut
enough room to maneuver. short of a off from hemispheric aid and political
nuclear showdown. support, will wither away. But will he?
Those who now call with more par- And if he does, what then? Do we have
tisanship than prudence for precipitous in mind a positive political alternative to
action, invasion, or blockade should Castro? The exiles appear hopelessly
count the consequences of their propos- divided, sharing only a hatred of Castro.
als. We are no longer dealing with flint- Do they, or we, wish to restore the eco-
lock rifles or frigates of the early years of nomic and political conditions that
our Republic. existed under Batista-the very condi-
Cuba is only one of a score of tension tions that insured the success of Castro's
spots around the world, any one of grab for power? If not, how much of
which could escalate into a global holo- Castro's changes will they, or we, accept?
caust of unspeakable horror. Do we accept the expropriation of the
Those who propose the establishment sugar and cattle lands? The seizure of
of an American-backed Cuban govern- the oil refineries? The land reforms?
ment-in-exile at Guantanamo Bay are The educational reforms? Can we see
suggesting that we violate our treaty beyond the Castro revolution to the con-
rights. The U.S. Government has a ditions that would exist in a Cuba with-
signed treaty with Cuba which gives us out Castro?
permission to operate a naval base on Aside from these longer range prob-
Cuban soil as a coaling and naval sta- lems, we appear to be in a corner on the
tion only. It is both morally repugnant issue of Cuba even insofar as immedi-
and politically unsound to suggest that ate goals are concerned. We will not
we flaunt our treaty obligations by at- negotiate; neither will we take aggressive
tempting to set up a military force at action. We will not trade with Castro;
Guantanamo aimed at the overthrow of yet, we resent each new trade arrange-
the Cuban Government. It is no ex- ment he concludes with the Soviet bloc
cuse to say that the Cuban Government or other sources. We shield the exiles
is scornful of its obligations. The from Castro's tyranny, but will not suffer
United States of America did not become them to strike blows at their enemy.
the world's greatest champion of human We resent the presence of Soviet forces
freedom and dignity by adopting the in Cuba; yet, we cannot entirely deny
immorality and illegality of our most Castro's claim that he invited them to
obnoxious enemies, come because of his fear of an Ameri-
Before we condemn our President for can-assisted invasion of his island.
his patient efforts to avoid war with At home, our bipartisanship on foreign
Cuba while stimulating the forces of affairs is shattered as the administration.
freedom in the hemisphere, we should comes under attack for the apparent
look out on the world from the eyes of stalemate of our Cuban policy. Our
the White House. Cuban fever is bound to rise and fall
President Kennedy admittedly has with. each succeeding event. We are at
made mistakes in Cuba, the prime ex- the mercy of every political opportunist
ample being the ill-fated Bay of Pigs in- both at home and abroad who exploits
vasion. That invasion was conceived by our lack of a dynamic, positive policy.
the previous administration but it was In view of these facts, would it not
approved by Mr. Kennedy and he make sense in Prof. Roger Fisher's words
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 27, 1963
to "slice up the Cuban problem"? Can
we define certain limited goals in Cuba
that give some realistic hope of attain-
ment?
I believe that we can. I trust that
such feasible alternatives to our present
policy are now under the most active
and serious consideration by our policy
planners.
At a later date, I hope to suggest cer-
tain constructive steps that might be
taken to open the way to a more satis-
factory relationship with Cuba. Perhaps
some Senators and Congressmen more
experienced than I in foreign affairs will
join in that effort.
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. COOPER. I ask unanimous con-
sent that the order for a quorum call be
rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President,
under the order previously entered. I
now move that the Senate stand in ad-
journment until 12 o'clock noon tomor-
row.
The motion was agreed to; and (at 5
o'clock and 45 minutes pm.) the Senate
adjourned, under the previous order,
until tomorrow, Friday, June 28, 1963,
at 12 o'clock meridian.
CONFIRMATIONS
Executive nominations confirmed by
the Senate, June 27,1963:
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, U.S. Air Force, to be
reappointed as Chief of Staff of the Air Force
for a term of 1 year.
IN THE ARMY
The nominations for promotion to major
beginning Peter A. Abbruzzese, and ending
Frank C. Leitnaker, Jr., which nominations
were received by the Senate and appeared
in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD On June 24,
1963.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX June 27
6. The American people must throw off
once and for all their deplorable desuetude
and degenerating detachment from foreign
trade and go about the job of proving to
the world that we are still its best salesmen
and best technicians and, more. Important,
that we still have the power, the energy and
the will to overcome temporary obstacles and
build an export trade for this country to a
volume undiieamed of by this or previous
XTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. CLARK MacGREGOR
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 27, 1963
Mr. MAcGREGOR. Mr. Speaker,
many of us in both Houses of the Con-
gress have been pointing out for over 2
years that we must maintain maximum
alertness regarding events in Cuba.
Former Secretary of State James F.
Byrnes, in remarks recently made at
Newberry College, again reminded the
President that we must not allow Mr.
Khrushchev to think that after we awoke
.last October, we turned over and went
back to sleep.
Yet the following articles by Colum-
nists R. S. Allen and Paul Scott outlines
what may be a coming "Cuba Policy
Shift" by the Kennedy administration.
In undertaking this shift, the adminis-
tration will apparently attempt to nor-
malize our relations with both Castro
and Khrushchev by seeking accommoda-
tions with Russia and moderating ten-
sions of the cold war. In order to make
this. drastic readjustment palatable to
the American people, the change will
take place over a period of time, prob-
ably to lull the American people into a
slumber on Cuba deeper than that of
the administration.
After the unanimous reports of the
Seldon committee in the House, the
Stennis committee in the Senate, the
special eight-nation investigating com-
mittee of the Organization of American
States, and the Task Force on Cuba and
Subversion in the Western Hemisphere
of the House Republican Policy Com-
mittee, it is clear beyond any doubt that
such accommodation as. that discussed
below is contrary to both our national
interest and security, and that of the
entire hemisphere as well.
Excerpts of former Secretary Byrne's
remarks from the June 13 Minneapolis
Star and the Allen-Scott column from
the June 21 St. Paul Pioneer Press
follow:
[From the Minneapolis (Minn.) Star, June
13,1963]
OUR SLUMBER AND CUBA
(By James F. Byrnes)
(Excerpts ` from an address by the former
Secretary of State at Newberry College)
'There is some justification for believing
that ever since his first meeting with Presi-
dent Kennedy at Vienna, (Soviet Premier)
Khrushchev has believed he could expect a
softer attitude from us. There is no other
way of explaining his unexpected action to
make of Cuba a Communist Gibraltar.
As he proceeded for a year to.establish a
bastion of military power at our very door,
with atomic power sufficient to destroy not
only the United States but all of Latin Amer-
ica, he truly changed the balance of power
in the world. Instead of consuming a year
or two in building long-range missiles, which
from bases in Russia could strike a target in
the United States, now he could use short-
range missiles from his Cuban bases.
Suddenly he was confronted by the Presi-
dent with a. demand to remove his weapons.
He yielded, to the gratification of every
American. But what has happened since
October does not justify gratification. It
does cause some fears.
When Khrushchev agreed to the removal of
the strategic weapons, he indicated agree-
ment to on-site inspection by United Nations
authorities. A few days later we were told
that Castro refused to agree and the Soviets
would have to support Castro's position.
I am confident the Soviets could force
Castro to agree to the inspection at any time.
That was only an excuse. However, we
abandoned our demand and no one of us is
certain of the number of Soviet weapons and
combat forecs in Cuba today.
In the presence of thousands of spectators
Khrushchev (now has) pledged all-out sup-
port of is Communist brother, Castro, and
of Cuba. This pledge has been heralded to
the world. Upon it Castro is certain to rely
and may act.
It is obvious that Latin American repub-
lics will conclude that we are unable to pro-
tect them. They will be subverted one by
one until all of South America is lost and
the Communist goal of isolating the United
States has been attained.
Khrushchev knows that by his duplicity
he put us to sleep for more than a year.
He must not be allowed to think that when
we awoke last October, we turned over and
went back to sleep.
[From the St. Paul (Minn.) Pioneer Press,
June 21, 1963]
CUBA POLICY SHIFT
(By R. S. Allen and Paul Scott)
WASHINGTON.-President Kennedy is delib-
erating a gradual shift in U.S. Policy toward
dictator Fidel Castro's Communist regime in
Cuba.
For more than a month, the President and
his top foreign policy avdisers have been dis-
cussing a plan under which the United States
would resume "contact" with Castro on both
"an informal and formal basis."
Under this backstage scheme, New York
attorney James Donovan, who negotiated the
$53-million ransom of the ill-fated Bay of
Pigs invasion prisoners, would fly to Havana
and Moscow to seek the withdrawal of all
Soviet combat forces from Cuba.
In exchange for their removal, the United
States would agree to a step-by-step normal-
ization of diplomatic and trade relations
with the Red-ruled Castro dictatorship over
a 2-year period.
As a first step, the United States would re-
open its embassy in Havana by sending a
charge d'affaires there. At present the Swiss
Ambassador is handling U.S. affairs.
An exchange of ambassadors and lifting of
the trade embargo against Castro would fol-
low after sufficient time had elapsed to make
such a drastic "readjustment" palatable to
the people and Congress.
This far-reaching shift in Cuban relations
is part of President Kennedy's policy of seek-
ing accommodations with Russia and its
satellite bloc for the avowed purpose of re-
ducing the risk of nuclear war by moderating
tensions.
White House insiders say the proposed
switch in Cuba policy fits squarely with
strategy enunciated recently by the Presi-
dent in a speech that "any plan of action
in the Caribbean has to take into account
conditions and potential developments be-
tween the United tSates and U.S.S.R."
The President favors 47-year-old Donovan
for this highly explosive diplomatic mission
for two reasons: his "acceptability" to Cas-
tro and Khrushchev, and his close ties with
key administration officials, notably Attorney
General Robert Kennedy.
After Donovan arranged the swap of Soviet
spy Abel for U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers,
the President wrote him, "The type of nego-
tiations you undertook, where diplomatic
channels had been unavailing, is unique, and
.you conducted it with the greatest skill and
courage."
Castro's enthusiasm for Donovan is about
on a par with that of the President. In
feelers through diplomatic channels to the
State Department, the Cuban dictator has
indicated he would accept Donovan as nego-
tiator. Words to that effect have been con-
veyed on three separate occasions-March
8, May 12, and May 19.
A decision on this momentous scheme will
not be made until after the President returns
from his European trip.
By that time the White House staff hopes
to know whether the House Foreign Affairs
Committee will undertake an inquiry into
Donovan's previous Cuban negotiations.
Republican committeemen are vigorously
pressing for such an investigation. They
have strongly urged it in a joint letter to
Representative THOMAS MORGAN, Democrat,
of Pennsylvania.
Intelligence reports that around 100,000
Cubans are in Castro's jails for refusing to
accept communism. Also that some 250,000
Cubans have fled, and another 180,000 are
awaiting approval and transportation to
leave. Senator JOHN STENNIS' Armed Serv-
ices Preparedness Subcommittee is preparing
a new report on Castro-Communist subver-
sion, sabotage, and guerrilla warfare against
Latin American countries. The report,
slated for relg~ase next month, will warn that
Castro has (drdred an increase in these
operations, I 1fi
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX A='111
between Eximbank and FCIA, the bank
carries the political risk In all policies, and
the two agencies share equally In the credit
risk in comprehensive policies. As the pro-
gram progresses, the Insurance association
is expected to take more of the credit risk
and ultimately 100 percent of it.
As my good friend George Moore. president
of the First National City Bank of New York.
once told us, "If private financial Institutions
are not willing to take the credit risks, they
don't deserve to be called bankers" The
same philosophy should, in my opinion,
apply to these gigantic Insurance companies.
Export credit Insurance enables the ex-
porter to extend credit to his overseas cus-
tomers with assurance that unforeseen ad-
verse developments abroad will not expose
him to large losses, thus protecting him
against Impairment of his working capital.
Of equal Importance, exporters find it easier
to obtain financing for their transactions
from commercial banks or other financial In-
stitutions, to which the insurance policies
or their proceeds may be assigned. From Its
inception in February 1962. through May 31.
1983, FCIA has Issued some 1,500 compre-
hensive policies In an amount of well over
$500 million. Over 160 of these policies were
issued to companies that never exported be-
fore. It is also interesting that 26 percent of
these policies were assigned as collateral to
U.S. financial Institutions which assisted the
exporters In financing the transactions.
EXIMBANK PROGRAMS WITH PRIVATE BANKS
In addition to the Insurance programs, Ex-
port-Import Bank, in late 1981, enlarged and
Improved Its commercial bank guarantee
program. Nonrecourse financing of medium-
term transactions Is provided to exporters by
commercial banks, the latter obtaining guar-
antees from Eximbank on a case-by-case
basis. Eximbank provides the commercial
bank with a political risk guarantee on the
early maturities of a medium-term trans-
action In which the commercial bank as-
sumes the credit risk, and a guarantee
1. Eximbank will now rely on the credit
judgment of the originating commercial bank
in transactions involving an Invoice value
up to $200,000 each. The former limit was
only $50,000.
2. Eximbank will now give advance ap-
proval of the political risk portion of Its
guarantee. This enables the commercial
bank to negotiate transactions with Its cus-
tomers with the advance knowledge that
Eximbank will or will not accept the political
risk. Obviously, if the answer Is negative, the
private bank In most Instances can dispense
with the costly and time-consuming credit
investigation of the foreign buyer.
On these new guarantee and Insurance pro-
grams Eximbank is disseminating Informa-
tion through a variety of devices and organi-
zations. The Credit Policy Committee and
the Small Business Council Committee of
the American Bankers Association published
a booklet this past February entitled, "World
Trade Is Banking's Business." This book-
let described and heartily endorsed the above
programs and stressed the opportunities that
they afford to Increase the export business
of this country. The booklet was distributed
by the ABA to 17,600 member banks and
their branches, which represent approxi-
mately 95 percent of all bank units in this
country. Other commercial and business as-
sociations are contemplating publishing a
separate booklet for the benefit of U.S. ex-
porters and prospective exporters.
PROJECT LOANS-LONGER TERM
In dollar magnitude, Extmbank's project
loans have traditionally constituted the
great bulk of the Bank's volume. These
longer term loans will, of course, be con-
tinued. In facilitating the export of U.S.
goods and services, the project loan accom-
plishes for large transactions what the ex-
porter credit guarantee accomplishes for the
smaller ones. The project loan made di-
rectly to a foreign borrower Involves the
many items of equipment and services which
go into the creation or the major expansion
of an Industrial, mining, public utility or
other enterprise. The exporter type of
transaction. contrariwise, generally involves
one or more "shelf" Items of equipment going
to the end user, or to a distributor for resale.
As a basis for making a project loan,
Eximbank satisfies Itself (1) that there is
reasonable assurance of repayment; (2) that
adequate resources are available to complete
the project; (3) that the project is techni-
cally sound; and (4) that the project will
benefit the economy and, frequently, that It
will strengthen the foreign exchange posi-
tion of the borrowing country. One of your
Pittsburgh banks participated with Exim-
bank In financing one such project in Mex-
ico a year of two ago.
From the standpoint of American busi-
ness, the major Impact of Eximbank's project
lending Is upon literally thousands of U.S.
manufacturers and suppliers who are enabled
thereby to sell equipment, materials and
services abroad and to receive prompt pay-
ment. Although the number of prime con-
tractors associated with a particular project
loan may be small, thousands of orders flow
to U.S. Industry through subcontractors.
Loans of this type made by Eximbank are
dollar credits, placed In U.S. banks, to pay
for actual purchases of U.S. merchandise and
services. Eximbank', dollars do not leave
this country, only the American equipment,
services, etc., -which are exported. By fi-
nancing sound jirojects abroad, Eximbank
has helped to make American equipment
and skills known throughout the world and
has established a basis for a continuing flow
of spare parts and repeat orders. A good
example of this occurred 2 or 3 years
ago when Eximbank made a loan of $115
million to a private copper mining venture
In Peru. U.S. exporters received orders not
only for all of the original $116 million, but
also repeat orders for all manner of spare
parts and merchandise, even food for the
commissary, at the rate of $1 million per
month. These spares and supplies were
paid for in cash by the Peruvian borrower.
Your Industry and labor in western Penn-
sylvania have benefited greatly from these
project loans and it 7s safe to say that they
have received orders running Into several
hundred million dollars over the past few
years as a result of Eximbank's having pro-
vided the funds for the U.S. dollar costs.
EMERGENCY TRADE CREDITS
Occasionally Eximbank fulfills its basic
purpose o: facilitating the foreign trade of
the United States by extending so-called
emergency trade credits. This type of credit
Is made when a friendly country, normally
a good customer of the United States, ex-
periences temporary exchange difficulties
which threaten to Impede or even cut off its
customary level of imports from the United
States. As In all of Its other activities, the
dollars loaned by Eximbank under such
credits are tied to U.S. purchases.
LINES OF CREDIT
Another Important facility offered by
Eximbank for the benefit of U.S. business is
the "line of credit" which Eximbank extends
from time to time to foreign governments
or the agencies thereof, and also to privately
owned finance companies or banks abroad.
Under these credits the borrowing bank or fi-
nance company reloans Eximbank's funds to
a very large number of small- and mediuni-
sized concerns in the host country which
could not possibly afford to deal directly
with Eximbank. All of the money under
these lines 1s credited to the account of the
borrower In a U.S. commercial bank which,
in turn, disburses the money to the U.S.
suppliers which have received orders from
the borrower. This device enables Eximbank
to loan to and collect from one reliable bor-
rower, who may be located 10,000 miles away,
but who knows his customer's needs and
capabilities. On one credit of this type, ex-
tended by Eximbank 2-or 3 years ago, over
900 U.S. suppliers in 37 States received orders
and, incidentally, were paid in cash from the
proceeds of Eximbank's credit.
CONCLUSIONS
In summing up my remarks today, I
would like to emphasize the following
poln is :
1. Neither Government nor industry can
afford the peril of continuing large deficits
in our country's international balance of
payments. As a nation we must become
much more "export minded" to insure a
continuing and Increasing reflow of U.S. dol-
lars back to the United States.
2. American business, banking, labor, and
governmental agencies must cooperate with
each other far more closely than they have
In the past. It is more true today than it
was 100 years ago when Abraham Lincoln
said, "We must all hang together or we will
all hang separately."
3. Government, labor, industry, and agri-
culture must bury their ancient myths about
each other and unite in a common cause.
These myths, as durable as those of Karl
Marx and Adam Smith about capitalism.
have survived wars, depressions, and even
prosperous eras, but they are about as useful
In running the complex machinery of the
modern world as a sledge hammer.
4. We shall have to improve and refine
programs which will harness the economic
power of Industry, finance, and agriculture
with the political power of Government. As
equal partners we have a reasonable chance
of surviving the explosive forces which face
us around the world.
5. Ignorance is the archenemy of prog-
ress. Our educational institutions as a
whole. Indeed starting at the high school
level, will have to do a much better job In
preparing our young men and women for the
field of foreign trade, which offers such tre-
mendous opportunities for Interesting lives
arid profitable careers.
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1963 Approved For NGRESSIONAL RECORD-APPENDIX
A4101
like to submit this report of the com- Francis P. Donnelly, S.J., who, from a Borough School, at which time the late
ments of Police Chief Rolland J. Gains- humble beginning in Pittston, Pa., in Thaddeus M. Conniff of Plains township was
ley, of Ann Arbor, Mich.: - my congressional district, became one the principal, in later years Mr. Conniff re-
POLICE CHIEF PLEADS FOR YOTTTTS Tar. I. F i-h..
'BT..+,..... r,. ?___,_.__. _ _ - _ ..~n.,a as._~ _
Ann Arbor Police Chief Holland ,. to his death In 1959. The university
Gainsley today issued an appeal for local will hold this 2-day - conference on the
support of President Kennedy's youth em- modern trends in the teaching of Eng-
ployment and conservation bill. lish. To better understand the immense
The bill, sponsored by U.S. Senator HUBERT stature of Father Donnelly, I quote the
HUMPHREY, Democrat, of Minnesota, has
been passed by the Senate and is expected New York Times upon his death in April
to go before the House shortly. 1959. The Times referred to him as
Gainsley said, "Common sense and justice "one of the foremost Jesuit teachers,
compel establishment of this program which writers, and educators of this century."
will give many thousands of currently un- In the "Personal and Pertinent" column
employed young persons
h
a c
ance to find of the Scranton Times of June 8, 1963,
employment, to be paid for their services, and th
t
o acquire skills and work experience that
e writer of that column, Mr. Neil Whit-
will give them a solid start in their working ney, capsuled Father Donnelly's illus-
lives. trious
in this legislation provide a
practical means of attacking the high school
dropout problem and the juvenile delin-
quency associated with that problem.
"Young men and women nog longer in
school constitute already 18 percent of - our
total unemployment, although they comprise
onl
7
y
percent of the labor force. These
leryouth on our city streets create a situation
Idle host
of problems.
"During the 1960's an estimated 71/a mil-
lion youths Will enter the job market with
less than a high school education. Unless
something is done to help equip them to
live in a skilled economy, they will pile up
helplessly against the rising barriers to un-
skilled labor.
In the last decade, juvenile delinquency
cases brought before the courts have more
than doubled, and arrests of youth increased
86 percent, until they numbered almost one
million arrests a year in 1960-15 percent of
all arrests.
"Favorable House action on the Youth
employment and conservation bill will pro-
ay
vide work and training for youths from the ~,.J., cochairman and author of the movie be facing the possibility that Moscow-
age of 16 through 21. - hit "Angels in the Outfield," and Alfred trained agents are entering the United
"Members of - the Youth Conservation - Rotondaro, faculty member in the English States under the guise of Cuban "refu-
Corps will receive- $60 a month in wages, department. Conference lectures will be
They will be given lodging, board, work linguistics, y Agees," as llen-Scott dcolumn din in e the Junel26 St
clothes, tools and equipment, medical, and given on fundamentals of lanal-
sis of texts, use of the new methods in lit- Paul Pioneer Press:
other necessities, erature courses and other associated topics.
"The corpsmen will be under the direct The speakers will include Professors Frank L. RED SPIES VIA CUBA
supervision of adult conservationists, for- Ryan and John J. Murray of the university WASHINGTON.-Hundreds of Moscow-
esters, rangers, and others. They will faculty; Prof. Robert Minshall of Bucknell trained agents are entering the United States
work on and receive training in various University, and Prof. Edward James of Cath- as-Cuban refugees.
jobs and projects involving general areas as olic University of America. All of these edu- These Spanish-speaking Communists,
erosion, stream control, reforestation, and cators are familiar with the work of Father some of them veterans of the Spanish Civil
construction of outdoor recreation and camp Donnelly, who was a nationally known teach- War, have come in with the thousands of
facilities, ed of rhetoric. He was associated at various Cuban refugees who have been admitted to
"In addition, the corpsmen will be given times during his 50-year teaching career with the United States since last fall's missile
technical training and educational skills Holy Cross, Gonzaga, and Boston Colleges, crisis.
through classroom periods after work hours. and Fordham University. His books on the According to sworn testimony before the
The need for this new youth program is evi- teaching of English, "Model English I" Senate internal security subcommittee by re-
dent. It was designed to reduce unernploy- (1902) "Model English II" (1919, "Persu_ liable, anti-Castro refugees, the Red agents
ment and train more young workers who asive Speech" (1931) among many others, are are concentrating on infiltrating the splin-
would otherwise be idle. They must be given still being used in schools all over the tered refugee groups and are a principal rea-
a chance to work before they may take to country.
son for the seething dissension among them.
crime instead," Gainesley said, In an article ab t A hi h
o
F
l
vel y well, and it gives me
great- pleasure to make the aforemen-
tioned column a part of my remarks
today.
The University of Scranton is planning a
singularly appropriate tribute to the late
Rev. Frances P: Donnelly, S.J., who, from a
humble beginning in Pittson became on
,.?Viuas A. Grace, who served for many years
as a member of the Luzerne County Board
of Assessors; were his first Latin students
in Pittston. As a boy Father Donnelly, with
many companions from his neighborhood,
was fond of swimming in the Susquehanna
River in the summertime. These occasions
were the inspiration for his poem, "The Sus-
quehanna," in which he described "the days
that are no more" and mentioned swimming
at the old "Sandy Bottom," near the foot
of Dock Sfeet, in Pittston. After complet-
ing 50 years as a teacher, the last 23 of
them at Fordham, Father Donnelly retired
in 1952 because of ill health. When he passed
away on April 18, 1959,. the New York Times
referred to him as "one of the foremost
Jesuit teachers, t9riters, and educators of this
" a
y
I,i/
Red Spies Via Cuba
of the Nation's leading educators prior to EXTENSION OF REMARKS
his death in 1959. The university, accord-
ing to an announcement from the office of its or
president, Rev. John J. Long, S.J., will hold HON. CLARK MacGREGOR
the Francis P. Donnelly, S.J., Memorial Con-
will be concerned with modern trends in-the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
teaching of English. It will emphasize, in Thursday, June 27, 1963
an introductory manner, the recent discov-
eries in the field of language study. Among Mr. MacGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, two
these discoveries is the linquistic method of congressional committees, the Organiza-
language teaching. Linguistics is a scientific tion of American States, numerous Mem-
investigation of the structure and develop- bers of Congress; and private individuals
ment of the structure and development of have warned of the explosive situation
language. The progrem for the July me- resulting from Communist subversive ac-
morial conference is being arranged by Dr. tivity throughout Latin America now be-
Robert Lodge, chairman of, the university's
u
ather Donnelly which g
y regarded attorney in Miami, rep-
appeared in this space on March 11, I re- resenting a_number of these Cuban organiza-
printed his famous poem, "What an Irish- tions, has turned over to the Senators de-
man Means b
t
il
"
a
y Machree.
ed evidence that Dictator Castro and his
I have since
Rev. Francis P. Donnelly, S,f learned from Charles A. McCarthy, the well- Russian henchmen personally selected about
known Pittston historian, that Father Don- half of the passenger list of one Red Cross
Memorial Conference nelly received his early inspiration and en- ship that recently brought approximately
couragement as a poet from T. A. Daly, the 1,000 refugees to the United States.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS popular Philadelphia poet. Mr. Daly, for This startling information is supported by
many years before his d t i t 111
n
HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 27, 1963
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, on the
26th and 27th of next month the Uni-
versity of Scranton will j; ay a singularly
appropriate tribute to the late Reverend
ea , wrote a syn-
e gen.ce reports that the Kremlin is us-
The Daly Ditty. It - ing the Cuban refugee traffic as a means of
was generally written in the Italian vernac- infiltrating Moscow-trained agents into the
ular and appeared in this newspaper as a United States and Latin American countries.
daily feature back in the twenties. Father The Miami attorney, who requested that
Donnelly first saw the light of day on the his identification be kept secret because of
-second floor of the building at 79 South the classified nature of his activities, bluntly
Main Street, Pittston, on December 10, 1869. blamed this extraordinary situation on the
His father, the late Cornelius Donnelly, was lax screening of refugees by immigration au-
engaged in the undertaking and furniture, thorities.
business at that address. The priest's early He flatly charged that policies of the Ken-
studies were at St. John's Academy of Pitts- nedy administration, as formulated by the
ton. In 1884 he attended classes at Pittston State and Justice Departments, are permit-
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A4102
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 27
ting hundreds of Red agents easy access to
the United States while barting anti-Castro
raids on Cuba.
The Senate committee, headed by Senator
JAMES EASTLAND. Democrat, of Mississippi,
plans to ask FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover
for his expert views on the number of Rus-
sian agents who have entered from Cuba
and the danger they present to the country's
internal security.
The Kennedy administration has no "hard
intelligence" to support the State Depart-
ment's curious claim that Russia does not
have sufficient troops in Cuba to exert con-
trol there.
According to the latest estimate of the
Central Intelligence Agency, Russia still has
"between 12,600 and 17,500" troops In Cuba.
The most recent report of the Defense Intel-
ligence Agency places the number as high as
32,000.
Neither the CIA nor DIA estimates support
the State Department's disclaimer on the
control of Cuba. Instead, both intelligence
Agencies have considerable evidence that
Cuba's foreign policy Is laid down by Moscow,
and Castro Is administering it with the "ad-
vice and consent" of five Russian generals
stationed in Cuba.
It is definitely known that Secretary Rusk
was all set to announce that Russian combat
forces had been withdrawn from there when
this column revealed that CIA and military
intelligence authorities were refusing to back
such a declaration.
Administration insiders are saying pri-
vately the White House "advised" Rusk to
change his statement to the effect that
"there is a thinning out of Soviet troops."
This carefully worded explanation was
slipped to a hand-picked group of newsmen
at a dinner given by Rusk ostensibly to brief
them on the President's European trip.
This Intelligence dispute has been raging
inside the administration since early this
month when the White House mysteriously
ordered the first low-level reconnaissance
flight over Cuba since last February. Until
this flight was personally approved by the
President, at least a half-dozen requests for
such missions by military and Intelligence
authorities had been turned down.
Aerial photos of this low-level flight re-
vealed that two Soviet camps had been evac-
uated and that Russian combat units had"
left these areas. The photos also showed new
Soviet military depots, indicating the Rus-
slans were apparantely trying to secrete their
equipment.
On the basis of this information, CIA and
military intelligence are strongly inclined to
the view that Soviet combat units are still on
the island. This belief Is further supported
by the fact that there is no positive Infor-
mation that the troops have been withdrawn,
although their exact whereabouts are un-
known.
Mason County, W. Va., Was Intended
To Be a New Colony
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ROBERT C. BYRD
OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, June 27, 1963
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, the town of Point Pleasant,
located in what is now Mason County,
W. Va., was designated by royal decree in
1771 to be the capital of a new western
corny, according to an article in the
June 16, 1963, issue of the Charleston
(W. Va.) Gazette-Mall.
The article tells how plans for forming
the new colony at the juncture of the
Ohio and Kanawha Rivers were stymied
by the outbreak of the Revolutionary
War. I ask unanimous consent that this
article be printed In the Appendix of the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the Appendix
of the RECORD, as follows:
POINT PLEASANT, SrrE OF BLOODY CONFLICT
The capital of the new colony was to be
where two great rivers, the Ohio and the
Great Kanawha, met. The name of the
colony would be Vandafia.
Gov. Robert Dinwlddie, of Virginia, had
proposed the Idea as early as 1758. In 1771
Thomas Walpole and Benjamin Franklin sub-
mitted a petition to the king, asking for
the new colony, and it met with royal ap-
proval.
But the Revolutionary War arrived, and
everyone lost sight of the new colony. Point
Pleasant, though rich In history, didn't be-
come the capital of anything except Mason
County.
La Salle had been to the area earlier for the
French-about 1660. Christopher Gist ar-
rived In 1750, and George Washington slept
there In 1770. Permanent settlement at
Point Pleasant began with occupation of the
site by the Virginia troops of Gen, Andrew
Lewis on October 8, 1774, on lands ownedby
Thomas Lewis.
On October 10, one of the bloodiest battles
ever fought by the red men and the white
latecomers became the chief event of Lord
Dunmore's war. The confederated tribes led
by Chief Cornstalk were beaten, and the Vir-
ginia border was advanced from the Alle-
gheny crest to the broad Ohio.
Mason County was formed in 1804 from the
western portion of Kanawha. It took its
name from George Mason, author of the Vir-
ginia Constitution and member of the con-
vention that framed the Constitution of the
United States.
The bottom lands of the Ohio and Kana-
wha valleys were attractive to settlers, Farms
and herds from earliest times constituted a
slznbie segment of the county's wealth.
Coal, oil, gas, and salt brines. were plentiful.
Great stands of timber covered the bills, but
like the woodland of other counties became
depleted later.
Even before 1860, as today, Mason County
was building boats and sending them to sea,
and part of the timber depletion resulted
from use of fine oak In the vessels.
The Sumpter, a Mason-built ship, was used
during the Mexican War.
As one of the counties in the Ohio Valley,
Mason faces the future with optimism.
Among its attractions are Tuendie-wel
Park in Point Pleasant, commemorating the
famous battle; and a large State public hunt-
ing area.
Is the Trip Necessary?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 27, 1963
Mr. DOODLING. Mr. Speaker, a
great deal of controversy appears to exist
regarding the present trip of the Chief
Executive to Europe.
The following editorial from the Ga-
zette and Daily, York, Pa., is submitted
without comment:
A LEMON
President Kennedy's trip to Europe would
seem to have been undertaken at the poorest
of times. The political situation In the
major nations of West Europe and In Great
Britain is in a state of flux, to say the least.
New governments and new heads of govern-
ment will soon be in power, meaning that
the people with whom the President is talk-
ing officially are lameducks. At home the
civil rights crisis in Washington and else-
where ought to require the President's per-
sistent, close attention. Friends at home
and abroad advised him to postpone his
planned trip. But off he went anyway.
Why?
Mr. Kennedy Is really on a campaign tour.
He Is attempting to sell the Europeans on
something which at first glance they did not
want. The item Is the so-called multilateral
seaborne nuclear force, established within
the framework-of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, which is to say under the
effective control of the United States. This
Is quite a scheme. It envisages ships
equipped with nuclear weapons, manned by
personnel from a number of nations, includ-
ing West Germany, cruising the Mediter-
ranean and Baltic Seas and the Atlantic
coastal waters of Western Europe.
Policymakers in Washington have confided
that the complicated notion was developed
as a means of keeping nuclear weapons from
the independent possession and command of
West Germany. Not that there is appar-
ently any great U.S. objection to this. It is
just that the Soviet Union has let it be
known that a nuclear-armed West Germany
is completely unacceptable. "The Soviet
Union is pathological on that score," a high
State Department official told a group of
newsmen not long ago. Bo the problem
arose: How to relate West Germany and nu-
clear weapons without upsetting the apple-
cart, which Is to say, without beginning
world war III. Some bizarre brainstorm-
ing then produced this multilateral concoc-
tion.
Thus Mr. Kennedy's trip. At least it sure-
ly looks that way. An international politics
campaign trip, studded with private talks,
public speeches, appearances before vast
throngs. Just like 1960, here in his own
country, all over again. Complete with
doubletalk also, as is customary in campaign
oratory. The President tells the West Ger-
mans we will never let them clown, that he
is prepared to risk U.S. cities in defense of
Western Europe-basically he is pleading for
agreement to permit the United States to
manage the area's military operations-and
at the same time he throws a curve, you
might say, over the Berlin wall in the direc-
tion of the Soviet Union by remarking that
this Western alliance, founded to deter a
new war, "must now find a way to a new
peace."
Who knows what all this means? Is It
plain old politics? Well, sure. But more
besides. it is almost desperate politics sim-
ply because the President's platform is so
weak. The multilateral nuclear seaborne
Idea is a lemon. What a product for a
President to travel thousands of miles to
sell. We suspect that Mr. Kennedy con-
ceives of it as a creature of strength which
may help him to negotiate a German set-
tlement with the Soviet Union, preferably
before the domestic presidential campaign
of 1984. But the point is that playing poli-
tics with nuclear weapons and West Ger-
many combined is playing with fire. Isn't
any one of us puzzled and unsettled at the
spectacle of hundreds of thousands of
massed Germans shouting over and over the
name of the President of the United States?
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