CUBA, ALL OVER AGAIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240031-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 31
• Publication Date: June 6, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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A3652.0 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
Our people are both proud and self-reliant.
Twice within 50 years ambitious rulers of
foreign powers have started two world wars,
in the belief that America had grown into
lethargy and indifference and either could
not or would not mobilize its resources in
defense of America or America's allies. At
a cost of millions of men and uncountable
material resources each learned that the
courage and strength of America is a very
real thing.
The economic strength of the United
States is still the strongest of any nation on
earth. The private enterprise segment of the
American economy is stronger than the pri-
vate enterprise counterpart of any other
country on earth. Research and develop-
ment in the physical sciences, in the natural
sciences, and in medicine bring more real
progress in the United States each year; than
in the rest of the world combined. These
advances we gladly share with all people on
earth.
Based upon a belief in the accuracy of
these statements, I think that the future
of our Nation and our Government is brighter
than it has ever been in its history. The
horizons are unlimited-at least they are
limited only by the willingness of the Ameri-
can people to make whatever effort and what-
ever sacrifice may be necessary to maintain
the balance of power between the three co-
ordinate branches of the Federal Govern-
ment, and at the same-time to maintain the
balance of governmental powers between the
Federal Government on the one hand and
State and local governments on the other.
Any problems of government capable oflocal
determination including those of financing
can best be handled at a local level by officials
and administrators who know firsthand
what the problem is and also know how to
resolve it most quickly and most properly.
Most issues which concern us today are
the same issues which have concerned all
peoples of all nations since the beginning of
recorded history. We have heretofore in this
country found the right solutions in the
hearts and minds of strong people.
A century ago our country faced some of
the identical questions and I quote directly
from a speech of the then President of the
United States:
"You cannot further the brotherhood of
man by inciting race and class hatreds.
"You cannot build character or courage
by taking away a man's initiative and inde-
pendence.
"You cannot help men permanently by
doing for them what they could and should
do for themselves. "-A. Lincoln.
Each of these admonitions could well be
followed by the leaders and the people of
the United States today. To these I would
add: both the hope and a prayer that this
Nation will daily practice the theme of Law
Day 1983: "Law: Rule of Right, Not Might."
As we dedicate this Law Day 1983 to this
theme, let us at the same time make it a
day of thanksgiving to Almighty God for the
blessings which he has given to this our land
and our people. Let us make this a day of
rededication to those things which have
caused our Nation to grow to greatness and
proudly reaffirm our faith in a supreme be-
ing-the Supreme Judge of the universe.
The "Truth in Lending" Bill
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. WALLACE F. BENNETT
OF UTAH
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, in the
June 4 issue of the American Banker, an
column.
If the Brooklyn Navy Yard is known all
over the world as the "Can Do" construction
and repair yard, the president of the Equit-
able Savings and Loan Association is cer-
tainly the "Can Do" civic leader.
Workmen still marvel over the Brooklyn
Navy Yard's great engineering feat in World
War II. Two destroyers, damaged by Ger-
man torpedos, managed to reach the Yard.
The Brooklyn Navy Yard engineers made one
good ship of the two-''marrying" the U.S.S.
Menges and the U.S.S. Holder. As Mr. Ros-
coe's brochure on the Navy Yard says, the
merging of the two destroyers "is regarded
as one of the most spectacular surgical re-
pair jobs ever to be performed" on ships.
We greet the Brooklyn Navy Yard on its
anniversary. Hail, too, to the famous ships
built there-including the Battleship Maine,
blown up while riding at anchor in Havana
Harbor in 1898; the battleship Missouri on
which the Japanese surrender was signed;
the famous V.S.S. Saratoga, all 60,000 tons
of it; the world's largest super-carrier in
naval history-the Franklin D. Roosevelt,
the Independence, and the Constellation.
These are proud chapters in the history
of a proud borough Admiral Holtzworth and
his 12,000 assistants deserve praise for a con-
tinuing good job -in a climate of peace,
patriotism, and understanding.
editorial appearing stating the stand of industrial centers in the country, and by
the newspaper on the "Truth in Lend- far the biggest in Brooklyn. Some 12,000
ing" bill. I ask unanimous consent employees are on the payroll, which totals
that it be printed in the Appendix of the $85 million per year. Another. 15,000 fami-
RECORD. lies make their living from companies which
There being no objection, the editorial furnish supplies and materials to the ship-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, yard. The Brooklyn Navy Yard, in fact, is
one of the principal factors making up
as follows: Brooklyn's vast seagoing -industry, which
AGAINST THE DOUGLAS BILL provides 15 percent of the employment in
With increasing frequency, it has been this borough. The Brooklyn Navy Yard, like
called to our attention that an isolated ob- the Brooklyn Bridge, is so much a part of
servation, contained in a paragraph of one of this borough that it was particularly fitting
our columnists' report of a lengthy interview Monday to see "Mr. Brooklyn" in charge of
with Senator PAUL DOUGLAS, Democratic, of the ceremonies honoring Rear Adm. Ernest
Illinois, has been lifted out of context and C. Holtzworth, commander of the Yard, in
offered as evidence that the American Banker the presence of our leading civic and po-
has reversed its editorial stand against the litical leaders.
"Truth in Lending" bill. But then, if we congratulated Andrew
It has not. Roscoe, every time he deserved it, there
We had not felt it necessary to comment wouldn't be room for much else in this
on our opposition to the Douglas bill during
the past few months, because we earlier had
stated our opposition to it, and the reasons
for that opposition, in full. But since the
impression is being created that we have
changed our position, it now becomes neces-
sary to repeat our earlier statement.
We oppose the Douglas bill requiring the
cost of credit to be expressed in terms of
simple annual interest-as a percentage-as
impractical, unworkable, and confusing. We
note that the more than 40 States which
have passed comparable "full disclosure"
legislation have done so in terms of dollars
and cents cost.
We also oppose the imposition of Federal
standards in this field as an unnecessary
encroachment of central government into the
affairs of the States.
We are not in opposition to-the principle
of full disclosure. We are in opposition to
the imposition of an awkward Federal scheme
for it.
Brooklyn Navy Yard
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EUGENE J. KEOGH
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. KEOGH, Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I include the following editorial
from the Brooklyn Eagle,- of May 29,
1963:
BROOKLYN NAVY YARD
The Federal Government some years ago
changed its name to the "New York Naval
Shipyard in Brooklyn" but everybody, in-
cluding those naval regulations say should
"know better," continues calling it the
Brooklyn Navy Yard.
Now the Yard Is celebrating its 182d anni-
versary. The other day "Mr. Brooklyn"
himself, Andrew S. Roscoe of the Equitable
Savings and Loan Association, staged a
luncheon and formal presentation in honor
of that occasion.
For a time there was danger that the
Federal Government might sharply curtail
or even eliminate the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
This would have been a disaster for Brook-
lyn, and we believe it would have been a
terrible blow to shipping throughout this
country. The Brooklyn Navy Yard is one
of the most efficient, as well as the most
famous, shipbuilding facilities in the world.
Other governments throughout the free
world realize this and are copying its
methods with the permission of Govern-
ment. The Yard, covering 291 acres, is
worth about $1 billion, But more im-
portant, it is one of the most important
Cuba, All Over Again
OF
HON. JAMES R.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. GROVER. Mr. Speaker, an excel-
lent analysis of our continued backing
down and bungling of critical situations
in our own hemisphere is spelled out in
an editorial in the June 5 edition of
Newsday. I am pleased to submit it for
the RECORD:
June 6
The United States has staged a humiliat-
ing backdown in Haiti. After suspension of
contacts with the bloody Duvalier govern-
ment--this in the hope that the dictator
would be forced to flee-the administration
has now ordered the resumption of "normal
diplomatic business." Duvalier is. thereby
more firmly entrenched in office, and the hap-
less Haitians remain victims of his ruthless
rule. It is another example of blundering
on a par with our bipartisan handling of
Cuba up to and including the abortive Bay
of Pigs invasion. It makes us look ridiculous
in the eyes of all Latin America, weakens
the democratic neighboring government of
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3651
i
and namesake in the student body of this herent In It. Within the past year, the sub- outspoken in his concern about the school
university in the very near future. ject of absolutism has become a rather con- prayer case and the application of the pro-
Law Day is set aside as a day of national troversial one; and my purpose of discussing hibitions contained in the first amendment
observance In the United States of America. It today is not to add fuel to the controversy, against the States. To the best of my knowl-
It is the antithesis of the Communist May but rather to warn of some of Its dangers, edge, prior to 1950, no one even claimed that
Day celebration which is celebrated Let me emphasize that I do not question the restraints laid down in the first five
throughout the Communist world. Law Day the motives, the patriotism, or the sincerity amendments restrained any echelon of gov-
stands for a rule of right-not might and of those who advocate the principles of ab- ernment, except the Federal Government.
could accurately be described as a day dedi- solutism. They have a perfect right to those If the full circle of the trend of absolutism
cated to the dignity of man. May Day In beliefs. I disagree with the theory of All- is completed, it will make hollow shells of
the world behind the Iron and Bamboo Cur- solutism and with those who advocate It, but every State capitol, county courthouse, and
tains stands for tyranny, oppression and the I believe that they are honest In their be- city hall in the United States. It will cause
elevation of the state over the individual. liefs just as I assume that they attribute to every subdivision of government to look to
The expressed purpose of Law Day is to me the honesty of my purpose. Washington for Its solution to all problems.
impress upon the citizens of this country Themes most dramatic s by that I know to in e solutions Washington, most proble solutions lie
the great heritage of Anglo-American law, express warning by recalling your at-
which protects our rights and freedoms. tention to the undisputed facts that the most problems are close to the people-who
The solemn recognition and appreciation of Caesars of Rome, the czars of Russia, Louis are the only source of strength in this or
our system of law is the perfect counterpart XIV and Bonaparte of France, and more re- any other country.
and antithesis of the Communist celebra- cently Mussolini of Italy and Hitler of Ger- The Federal Government derives its gth of tlon of May Day, which loudly celebrated foremost advocates respective times, the And the thofe 50 S tes.S It States
throughout the Communist world with vast t sesses no strength of its own-it can be no
parades of troops and displays of armed fem.
might. A comparison of these two observ- The devastation and destruction which stronger than the source of its strength and
antes Is the most vivid illustration of each brought upon his respective country power.
exactly why the theme for Law Day 1983, may not be attributable entirely to his ad- No President, however powerful and wise,
"Law: Rule of Right, Not Might," was herence to absolutism, but It Is at least a can transmit his executive strength to the
selected. ' remarkable coincidence that each of these people over whom he presides. He can lead,
In his proclamation designating Law Day disciples of absolutism either totally or nearly yes. He can possess great wisdom and per-
1963, President Kennedy recognizes the im- destroyed his own country and his own sonal magnetism. But the strength of the
portant part of our system of laws has played people. government which he leads can only come
in the development of this country, when he Several months ago, a colleague and I from the broad base of the people.
quotes a former Justice of our Supreme were discussing this very subject and we had Those who have authored every constitu-
Court as stating that: "The history of law slightly different ideas of the exact meaning. tion of the State of Georgia surely had that
is the history of the moral development of We turned to the lexicon to arbitrate our in mind when, in their wisdom, they wrote
the races," differences and while neither of us was ex- article I, section I. paragraph I of our State's
The word "law" has many meanings. We actly accurate, the dictionary defined abso- constitution which reads:
refer to laws of nature, laws of science, laws lutism as follows: "ORIGIN AND FOUNDATION OF GOVERNMENT
of economics, and laws of various other "The doctrine of that which is absolute, "All government, of right, originates with
fields. In these Instances we are confronted or without limitations; specifically, the doc- g only with certain facts so frequently or these trine or existence of unconditional power the people,
e instituted founded upon the their ilof t he
facts are so inherent in human reasoning vested especially In an autocrat; despotism." solely good
Secondary definitions were given, but i whole. Public officers are the trustees and
that we cannot concedes of is any other al- servants of the people. and, at all times,
GesIt of the amenable to them."
to a as s laws, of all. laws. therefore, these factsarereferred of all. that the Applied to the foregoing expresses
Government nm best
e
When we refer to the Golden Rule, we United States, the growing trend toward Upon the belief that ultimate strength
refer to a rule of morals or ethics that Is absolutism manifests Itself in court decd- is derived from the people and that ulti-
the product of the development of civiliza- alone, in grants of power to the executive mate sovereignty resides there, our Govern-
tion and we tend to regard It as a "law,' but branch, and often times total disregard of ment has grown from strength to greater
there to no compulsion behind the enforce- prerogatives of State and local governments strength. It would be tragic if we should
ment of ethical rules of conduct, except pub- by administrative and executive officers of deteriorate from strength to weakness be-
lie opinion and our own conscience. the Federal Government. With regard to the cause that belief should be changed.
The word "law" as used in connection with expressions of absolutism by the Court, you Lest my views be misinterpreted, let me
Law Day has a meaning different from any are aware that the decision in the school say forthrightly there are certain areas in
of the aforementioned. When used In this prayer case and its implication to all traces which the power of the Federal Government
sense we are referring to that set of rules of religion in public activities is an example must be absolute --among these are the con-
of human conduct that are prescribed by a of what absolutism can lead to. I do not duct of foreign policy, maintenance of the
supreme governmental authority and en- refer to this decision In an effort to be critical Defense Establishment, regulations of inter-
forced by the state through Its courts. It of the Court. I refer to It as an example of state and foreign commerce, control of coin-
can be said that "law" is the codified com- how far the trend toward Absolutism has age and currency, and others clearly enu-
monsense and good judgment of the Ages. already gone. merated In our basic instrument of govern-
It must be that if a government under laws In his first Inaugural address. Thomas ment.
is to survive. Jefferson invoked divine guidance for all our When the Federal Government overreaches
The theme of Law Day for 1963 Is "Law; people describing them In his Invocation Itself and extends Its vast powers into sub-
Rule of Right, Not Might." I think we find - ject matter which can best be done by the
ourselves In accord that the United States "Enlightened by a benign religion, pro State, the counties, the cities, or by the peo-
of America would not have achieved Its pre- fessed, Indeed, and practiced In various forms, pie themselves, then the inevitable result
eminent position of leadership among all na. yet all of the inculcating honesty, truth, Is a deterioration of government in those
tions of the world If this had not been the temperance, gratitude, and the love of man; areas which are exclusively Federal In their
underlying principle of our system of juris- acknowledging and adoring an overruling very nature.
prudence In this country. We in America providence, which by all its dispensations Our Nation-its people-its Government
have been blessed by the principles of con- proves that it delights in the happiness of truly be the last great hope ope of earth.
stitutional government and by the Anglo- man here and his greater happiness here- may
Surely trmUnited States Is the of earth. u American system of jurisprudence which after-with all these blessings, what more Is leader the the ted States of the fren uesti It
has made this constitutional Government a necessary to make us happy and a prosperous could be that nations
are the main strength of
reality. people? Western civilization. I believe the best
It is probable that our millennium will "Still one thing more, fellow citizens--a guarantee of a free world Is a strong United
viva for more than a millennium against nst all all wise and frugal government, which shall ll America, strong eco-
-
threats from external sources. Many history- restrain men from injuring one another, States tates of f militarily, Ameericaica. An Ind Amtrica and co-ns, as well as many contemporary political shall leave them otherwise free to regulate culturally, but most Ad srally, and a Agri-
scientists and philosophers, are of the firm their own pursuits of industry and improve- pie strong in purpose. character, and cbelief that if America ever falls from its went, and shall not take from the mouth of rcan be prese cd courage.
a a
towering position of strength and leadership labor the bread It has earned. This Is the A stud strong I and selferelian peopl, with strong
that it will be caused by weakness from with- sum of good government, and this Is neces- p
sar to closethe circle of our felicities." local governments at each level upon which
in rather than from any external force. y
Many believe that the greatest single Following the theory of absolutism, the a strong National Government and a strong
threat toward the enduring strength and Court would strike down everything in the Nation must surely rest.
security of the United States of America is above quotation Attributed to Thomas Jef- If I have appeared overly critical of the
the noticeable trend toward absolutism. ferson. theory of absolutism let me now make some
As the main topic of my remarks today, I Dean Erwin N. Griswold, of Harvard Law positive and affirmative suggestions. Let me
would like to discuss the theory of absolut- School, has forcefully expressed his concern paint a confident and bright picture of the
ism and the very rgal dangers which are in- about this trend. He, like myself, has been future.
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
President Bosch in the Dominican Republic,
and illustrates that we cannot keep our own
hemispheric house in order.
The whole Haitian mess is thus com-
pounded. From 1915 to 1934 we kept Marines
in the country in an effort to restore order,
encourage a viable economy, and lead the
nation to an understanding of democracy.
Successive U.S. administrations suffered
then, as the present administration seems
now to suffer, from the delusion that all
was well. The minute the troops left, Haiti
slumped back into chaos This time our
optimism was even less well founded. We
dispatched a Navy-Marine task force to
cruise off the coast as encouragement to
Duvalier's enemies, secretly prepared for a
landing of that force with the secret approv-
al of three Latin American governments,
exerted maximum diplomatic pressure, and
then jumped to the conclusion that these
acts would force Duvalier from office.
Properly enough we enlisted the Organiza-
tion of American States in this project, but
foolishly encouraged its members to believe
that Duvalier would give up office and leave
Haiti May 15, the end of his legal term of
office. Since he did not, we have been made
to look asinine to our Latin-American neigh-
bors. No doubt the Russians, with their mil-
itary forces still in Cuba, are chortling at
this new ham-handedness,
The worst feature of that Haitian incident
is the failure of our diplomatic and intelli-
gence sources there to obtain accurate infor-
mation or to assess correctly what infor-
mation they gathered. It can be assumed
that the CIA was active, as it was active in
planning for the Bay of Pigs Invasion. In
both cases the conclusion was the same, and
was false: that through pressure applied
carefully, the peoples of Cuba and suc-
cessively of Haiti would throw out their
dictators.
This most recent series of blunders should
alert the President to the crying need for
more capable people to deal with Latin
America, more sound sources of intelligence
upon which to act, and advisers who know
how to say "No" when the prospect is for
failure. We would have done better to have
stayed out of the Haitian imbroglio
altogether.
The People Can End Federal Spending
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD I would like to include the following
editorial from the Wall Street Journal.
This short editorial explains exactly why
it is so difficult to cut Federal spending
and points to the way it can be done-if
the people demand it and assume local
responsibility instead of looking to
Washington for handouts:
ON FEEDING AN OCTOPUS
In Doylestown, Pa., the other day, the
borough council turned down the offer of a
$500,000 Federal project to redevelop part of
the community's business area, One resi-
dent, typifying the opposition, said that just
because there were "one or two buildings
that aren't pretty" it didn't mean that the
"octopus of Federal aid" should be brought
in.
At about the same time, in southern In-
diana, farmers were giving a warm welcome
to Agriculture Secretary Freeman, whose plan
for stringent wheat controls they had helped
bury under an avalanche of "no" yotes,,
Greetings were friendly partly because Mr.
Freeman has more than one string to his
bow.
For instance, a farmer who said "just a lit-
tle too much controls" were involved in the
wheat plan is among those pressing for a
substantial Agriculture Department grant for
a dam project. Another who also voted
against what he calls "regimented agricul-
ture" heads his county's Rural Area Re-
development Committee, one of Mr. Free-
man's fast-growing projects.
So the octopus never gives up. And maybe
it wouldn't be so fat if more people were like
the Doylestowners who refused to feed it.
Pope John XXIII: Man of the Century
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HUGH L. CAREY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, the 6th of
June is remembered in history as the day
when thousands of Allied troops stormed
the beaches of Normandy. Today, the
6th of June 1963, is a sad occasion for
the world; John XXIII, the Pope of
peace, will be laid to rest in the Basilica
of St. Peter's. A day, remembered for
an act of war, is now marked by the in-
terment of a man of peace.
Guiseppe Angelo Roncalli was born
in the small village of Sotte Il Monte
in the midst of what he characterized as
"serene poverty" and rose to become the
"fisher of men," Anlthe full significance
of that ancient phrase.
On October 28, 1958, he appeared on
the central balcony of St. -.Peter's Ba-
silica, the new pope, assuming the lead-
ership of the Roman Catholic Church
under the name of John. The throng
in the huge square of St. Peter's saluted
the new pontiff, unaware that this
kindly man, called John the good, would
emerge as the "Man of the Century."
From the beginning of his reign, Pope
John made innovations which energized
the church in its mission of salvation.
With the gentility of a benevolent prince
and the loving heart of a kindly peasant,
the Pope looked to other religious lead-
ers of the world and extended a brotherly
arm "Ut Unum Sint."
Pope John's greatness became appar-
ent through three events-the calling of
the Ecumenical Council and the Ency-
clicals "Mater et Magistra" and "Pacem
in Terris." The spirit of brotherhood
permeated his encyclicals, stressing the
social nature of man and his dignity as
an individual to be loved and saved re-
gardless of station.
On another June 6th, in 1940, Pope
John warned the world, "Everything
serves to demonstrate that in the sense
of true world peace there will be the
gospel or we "Will return to bloodshed."
Today, those words bear repeating as
war continues to threaten mankind with
annihilation.
As we recall the beaches of Normandy,
long emptied to those infantrymen who
gave their lives for freedom, we look to
A 33590
the chair of Peter, now emptied of that
great heart which beat with love for all
mankind. The holy father was truly,
the spiritual father of all humanity. As
his children, as he is laid to rest, it re-
mains for us to work in his image and
with his spirit="Ut Unum Sint"-so we
may be remembered as men of this cen-
tury.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. ROBERT E. JONES
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker,
among the many tributes to the suc-
cess of the Tennessee Valley Authority
written and spoken in, this 30th anni-
versary of its founding, the one in the
Engineering News-Record is outstanding.
It is the opinion of experts in engineer-
ing and long-range planning and is an
objective report on what the TVA has
accomplished for the people of 5 States
and the Nation itself. To give my col-
leagues an opportunity to read this eval-
uation I include it in the Appendix of
the RECORD:
TVA.AFTER THREE DECADES
The Tennessee Valley Authority, created
by act of Congress, May 18, 1933, received de-
served praise on its 30th birthday from the
Preisdent of the United States. Speaking at
Muscle Shoals, Ala., near Wilson Dam and
the nitrate-fertilizer plant of World War I
vintage that were TVA's first physical assets,
President Kennedy said TVA's accomplish-
ments have given "the undecided and un-
committed peoples of the world an impression
of growth and vitality and concern for hu-
man well-being which cannot be matched
anywhere else in the world. In the minds of
men the world over, the initials TVA stand
for progress."
And the President was unquestionably
right. This great river valley development
is so widely known and revered abroad as to
constitute one of our Nation's most useful
assets. It enhances our reputation as plan-
ners, as engineers, builders, agricultural ex-
perts, and humanitarians. Even its public
power aspect, which has had far from unan-
imous acclaim, here at home, in nowise dims
TVA's fame abroad where electric power de-
velopment, distribution, and sale are more
often than not in charge of some public
agency.
TVA's reputation abroad, however, rests
squarely on the fact that it transformed an
entire river basin from a condition of medioc-
rity, well sprinkled with poverty, to a state
of relative affluence based on industrializa-
tion" and modernized agriculture. And this
is just what so many of the "uncommitted
and undecided" people in foreign lands are
dreaming about and seeking means to
achieve.
Here at home, and on its 30th birthday,
TVA also deserves to be remembered and
praised for its precedent-setting action in
implementing for the first time the theory of
comprehensive river development with multi-
purpose projects, and for carrying through
this pioneer effort to so many notable results.
Prior to TVA, only Hoover Dam could be
pointed to as a multipurpose undertaking.
But it was a single project on an otherwise
undeveloped river. TVA, although stemming
from what was aptly called in these pages "a
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 6
confusion of diverging motives," nevertheless
hewed to the line of multipurpose develop-
ment of an entire river from Its source to Its
mouth. This made it unique.
Navigation, water conservation, flood con-
trol, hydropower, were the Initial TVA objec-
tives, but with public health, agricultural
improvement, industrialization and. In gen-
eral, raised standards of living as the really
ultimate goals. Such a pattern of objectives
is now common practice in river valley plan-
ning, and TVA pointed the way.
In contrast it is not likely that TVA's orga-
nizational pattern will be repeated again In
the United States; there are no more river
basins In a comparable state of undevelop-
ment and need to that of the Tennessee 30
years ago; there is no great economic depres-
sion (and hopefully will never be) to make
available at one time the pool of high-order
engineering talent that was recruited to man
TVA: experience has shown that comprehen-
sive river development can be carried out
through cooperative actions by existing Gov-
ernment agencies and private enterprise; and
there is no present incentive or public sup-
port for a "public power yardstick" to curb
private power utilities as there was when..
TVA began operation. Nevertheless, TVA
after three decades of planning and building
and working for and with the people In Its
region is a fixture In the Tennessee Valley,
and one with continually emerging plans for
the decades ahead. It is deserving of the
praise the President gave it, and more.
As a beacon to developing nations, as the
instigator of comprehensive river develop-
ment In the United States and as a monu-
ment to good engineering and construction
executed with integrity, the TVA is Indeed a
national asset.
Private Industry in a Growing Colombia-
1963, Colombia can at last produce a er
Speech by John R. White own nitrogen fertilizer requirements within their combined capacity will move Jersey-
affiliated companies from zero In 1962 to a
EXTENSION OF
OF
in coming to Cartagena with its historic estimate a sharp increase to about 75,000
beauty and Its modern vitality.. And I ap- tons by 1966 and possibly over 100,000 tons
preciate equally the privilege of meeting by 1968.
here with such distinguished leaders of the How can we sum up the advantage which
business and industrial community of Co- Colombia's thconom associated will derive from mAmocar
lombia.
Yesterday in this city we inaugurated a They will play a part In the growth of
new plant, Amonlnco del Carlbe-Amocar Colombian agriculture.
for short. Its products are ammonia and They also will help the foreign exchange
nitric acid-two chemical forms of nitrogen picture. We estimate that Colombia's new
which are Ingredients In the manufacture of fertilizer Industry, of which Amocar and
nitrogen fertilizers. Not only for Its operat- Abocol will be a major part, will immediately
Ing company, International Petroleum (Co- Improve Colombia's balance of payments by
lombia), Ltd., but also for the parent Stand- about US$9 million a year-and still more
and Oil Co. (New Jersey), which I represent, as the years go by.
this plant is a significant new departure In The building of these plants has also stim-
the field of petrochemicals. We believe it ulated the local economy. About 10 million
will also be significant for Colombia's eco- pesos were spent In local procurement of
nomic progress, and particularly for the materials. In the building of Amocar an
growth of her agriculture, during this decade average of 400 to 500 men were employed for
of her historic national effort as a member of 7 months.
the Alliance for Progress. Finally, these plants are backed by the full
Let me now describe to you `briefly the resources of Jersey's research affiliate In the
nature and purpose of this new venture. United States, the Esso Research and Engi-
One of the essential factors in a more neering Co., which is the largest research
productive agriculture is the efficient use of establishment anywhere in the petroleum
commercial fertilizers, including nitrogen industry. This means that both our manu-
fertilizers. For every peso spent on nitrogen facturing methods and our products here in
fertilizer, a modern farmer often gains 5 Colombia will benefit from the continuous
pesos or more in the added value of his progress of Jersey's laboratories.
crops. I believe it will Interest you to know, In
With the ever wider adoption of scientific this connection, that the Amocar plant, and
farming methods, the annual consumption Its neighbor, Abocol-as well as the related
of nitrogen in commercial fertilizers in Co- fertilizer plants in Costa Ries, El Salvador,
lombla Is increasing every year. It rose from and Aruba-constitute the first step in a
3,600 metric tons In 1950 to 20,000 metric major new program of fertilizer production
tons In 1900. We estimate that it will con- on which Jersey and its affiliates are embark-
tinue to rise rapidly during the decade of ing at widely separated points around the
the 1980's. world. Our affiliates already have definite
Hitherto all fertilizers have had to be im- plans to produce nitrogen fertilizers in Spain
ported into Colombia in finished or semi- and the Philippines. We are also making
finished form. The annual cost In foreign studies for similar projects In several other
exchange for this purpose Is some US$15 areas.
million. The plants already built or planned In this
Therefore It is significant that in this year, program represent a total investment of
11 h about US$116 million. By our estimates,
the country, and from yer own natural re- capacity of 1,330,080 metric tons, with a value
its sou atnrces. The Jersey company is proud that of ore than US$100 million by the end of
tiate, Intercol, will play a key ed k port
In this new development in two ways- 1965.
Thus Jersey, which for many years has
through Interest teAmocnr rest in Abonos plant and through Colomblanos been a world leader in the petroleum indus-
est will rn try, and whose existing products already have
(A), whose plant
Aboc bocol) next xt door r fertilizers. many uses in agriculture, will soon become
The The Amopcar rroddu plant cts alone into represents a an n Invest- - one of the important producers of fertilizer
Amos in the world.
ment of over US$13 million In new funds It 13 noteworthy that the plants I have
and equipment. mentioned are located not where agricul-
Let me add that we welcome our fellow tural productivity is already high, but In
pioneer in this field, the new ammonia plant areas where more abundant food Is required
of Barra rlabermeColombians de Fcrttlt at to meet the needs of expanding economies
for and fast-growing populations. In a decade
years fill j certaia.nly aTheffmord market in enough the e room coming
y when the American Republics, and the United
both of us. Nations as well, have launched extraordinary
Amocar's products will serve first of all as efforts to raise living standards, we trust that
the source of nitrogen feedstocks for the our entrance Into the fertilizer field on this
Abocol fertilizer plant, which will open very considerable scale will not only be good bust-
soon. I should like to pay a tribute to the noes for us, but will take its place In the con-
Colombian Investors and businessmen whose trtbution of private industry to worldwide
leadership has been essential to the forma- Lion of Abocol. This is an outstanding ex- progress.
Now, It mayoccur to you to ask: Why did
ample of local private enterprise at work in Jersey's first investment in the ammonia
Colombia, and fertilizer field come into being here in
We have purposely built Amocar bigger Colombia?
than necessary to meet the immediate needs One could answer that question with an-
of the Colombia market. (In fact, Amocar other: Why have Jersey and its affiliates in-
Is as large and modern an ammonia plant as vested so heavily in Colombia over the past
now exists anywhere In the world.) For the 40 years. For Instance, beginning In 1951 we
next 3 years if not longer, that part of spent US$77 million and 11 disappointing
Amocar's products not needed within Co- years exploring for new oilfields in Colom-
lombia will be exported to new fertilizer bia-until finally the new Provincla field
plants under construction in Central Amer- began to produce last year. What caused us
ica and the Caribbean. to take that long-term risk?
But the main reason for Amocar's size Is The answer to all these questions is the
the anticipated growth in the demand for same. In Colombia we have found it pos-
nitrogen fertilizer here In Colombia. From sible to Invest under conditions that meet
20,000 metric tons of commercial nitrogen the three basic tests of any sound interna-
U,sed In Colombian agriculture in 1080, we Lionel Investment.
HON. GEORGE A. SMATHERS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD an address
delivered by John R. White, vice presi-
dent and director, Standard Oil Co., New
Jersey, to a meeting of the National As-
sociation of Industrialists of the country
of Colombia. The speech was made in
Cartagena, Colombia, and is entitled
"Private Industry in a Growing Colom-
bia."
I think it is a very important speech
showing what American business is still
trying to do, in cooperation with the
Alliance for Progress, in trying to cut
countries in South America free fronathe
shackles of an antiquated economic life.
I want to congratulate them for what
they are doing.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PRIVATE INDUSTRY IN A GROWING COLOMBIA
(Address by John R. White)
The opportunity to be here this evening
makes me doubly grateful. I never fail to
find pleasure In visiting Colombia and renew-
Ing many old friendships here, and especially
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
The man in the street has been feeling
the pinch more and more and it gets more
painful every day. Florida is facing the
prospect of a grocery tax, which I think is
downright wicked. Gasoline taxes are ex-
orbitant. People let their homes go un-
painted because they can't afford to keep
them in tip-top condition. I see signs of
financial distress everywhere among the mid-
dle class of people. -
Why- do we continue to try to be Santa
Claus to the whole world? When are we go-
ing to say: "No more-we need it here at
home?" And we do. Let me illustrate:
In our own private family situation, we
managed to get ourselves into a financial
mess through poor management and lack of
vision. It took us about 6 years to do It
and just recently woke up to face the facts,
and they are not pleasant. We can look back
and see now what we could and should have
done to be in a solvent condition today. We
have two precious daughters in their teens
whose needs increase daily. We cannot do
things we'd love to do for them because we
don't have the means. We were too con-
cerned about material things when we should
have planned wisely to invest in the girls.
Now the point I want to make is that our
Government seems to be overlooking its most
valuable asset in favor of scattering money
all over the world, hoping to win friends and
influence nations who couldn't care less. The
asset is us, the people, who are being crushed
by unbearable taxes, much of it unnecessary,
because of sinful, irresponsible, lavish, waste-
ful spending of someone else's money-ours.
What about education? What about
health? What about old people? What
about scientific and medical research?
Funds for these and other causes always
seem to be inadequate.
Sometimes I wonder what would happen if
our country were run entirely by women.
The average woman- manages the household
economy and has to do it carefully to meet
the needs of her family. Why should our
administrators, handling vastly more, and
therefore having a much greater responsi-
bility, be any less careful to make every
dollar count? What has to 'be done in a
domestic unit surely needs to be done in a
national unit, the Government of these
United States.
Please, gentlemen, let's govern our spend-
ing more wisely. Take a good long look at
the domestic situation, at the plight of our
own people, and stop being so concerned
about the rest of the world, until we get our
own affairs in order.
Some of us do not approve of the space
program. Most of us are not competent to
judge. One thing I am concerned about is
that man, who cannot conquer himself,
should be allowed to invade outer space and
take along with him all his ugly vices, con-
taminating more of the universe with his
sins. Will God allow it? I pray not.
Sincerely,
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON, WILLIAM K. VAN PELT
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 6, 1963 -
Mr. VAN PELT. Mr. Speaker, under
unanimous consent to extend my re-
marks in the Appendix of the RECORD
I include an editorial, -entitled "Pork
Barrel Deluxe." I call this to your at-
tention, Mr. Speaker, not only because
the editorial is very timely but also
because it expresses the thinking of my
constituents at the grassroots.
[From the Fond du Lac (Wis.) Common-
wealth Reporter, May 27, 19631
PORK BARREL DELUXE
Soon the House of Representatives will
have a chance to vote on a $455.5 million
2-year extension of the Area Redevelop-
ment Administration. On its record, the
House should vote "no."
Since ARA was authorized, unemployment
trends have been inconclusive, but it is
certain that ARA's expensive activities have
had little effect for improvement. In all,
far less than 1,000 new jobs per State have
been created-and it's probable that in
creating these jobs the program has de-
stroyed many existing jobs. -
Congress has learned details of many ARA
projects, and they shouldn't cheer a tax-
payer. The agency lent $1.8 million to help
build a motel in one city where the rate of
occupancy for rooms was 54 percent. It
lent over $6 million to another city to build
an auditorium, which might cheer up a de-
pressed area somewhat, but which admit-
tedly made no significant contribution t(-
employment.
It has lent money for a papermill to
take business from nearby papermills, and
a soybean plant to take business from neigh-
boring soybean plants. This was specifically
enjoined in the bill which_ authorized the
agency's existence. -
This was expected by those who fought
the legislation in the first place, and sup-
porters of the ARA denied it could ever,
ever happen. But now we know.
And Congress should turn down fur-
ther funds for ARA, unless it wishes to affirm
the political adage: "The reward for failure
is a larger appropriation."
Failures of American Policy in the Middle
East
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HUGH SCOTT
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, June 6, 1963
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, the widow
of Dr. Chaim Weizmann, first President
of Israel, has written to a newspaper
a thoughtful and poignant letter that
should be read by all Members of the
U.S. Senate.
Mrs. Weizmann points out that Amer-
ican, British, and Soviet policies have
created a situation in the Middle -East
that is not in the interest of either the
Israelis or of world peace.
I am less concerned about British and
Russian .policies than I am about our
own. I believe that the present admin-
istration in Washington is negligent in
its obligations to peace in the Middle
East and , fails to distinguish between
human rights and material concepts.-
I ask unanimous consent that the let-
ter, which appeared in the New York
Times of June 6, be printed in the Ap-
A3639
MIDDLE EAST RIVALRIES-BELIEF EXPRESSED IN
FUTURE, OF ISRAEL AND TRIUMPH OF MORAL
To the EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TIMES:
Current developments in the Middle East,
coupled with the ambiguous American, Brit-
ish, and Soviet policies toward them, have
created a confused and confusing situation
not only for the Israelis, who feel their se-
curity gravely jeopardized, but also for people
of goodwill everywhere who cannot fathom
big power attitudes.
Indeed, one wonders whether the so-called -
guardians of world peace are actually inter-
ested in maintaining pacific relations among
Middle East countries, as they-solemnly pro-
fess at the U.N., or regard this region solely
as a maneuvering area for power conflicts.
Fifteen years have passed since Israel was
established and recognized by the U.N.
Nearly one and one-half million refugees
have settled in it, to be productive in agri-
culture, industry, science; develop its raw
materials; establish its educational and wel-
fare systems, and provide for the immigrants,
the aged, feeble, and sick.
For 15 years we have reminded of the half
million Arab refugees in neighboring coun-
tries, who left of their own free will. Yet
more Jewish refugees left Arab countries
than Arabs left Palestine. Nevertheless, the
vicious assertion that there are a million-
not half a million-Arab refugees is Egypt's
greatest political asset, even greater than its
Mig jet fighters.
THREAT FROM EGYPT
Today Egypt poses the State of Israel with
the same threat that Hitler, 25 years ago,
posed the House of Israel, intoxicated by suc-
cesses with two rival great powers, Nasser
fails to realize that even Rameses lost in the
end and that inquisitions, pogroms and gas
chambers could not annihilate the Jewish
people. The valiant inmates of the Warsaw
Ghetto did not fight in vain. Today is no
longer yesterday. History will not repeat
itself. If the Nassers of the world recognize
this, it will be the first step toward peace.
As for myself, I believe, as my husband
did, I. the ultimate triumph of moral
values,-=although people must get a little
push now and then so as to see them more
clearly. I believe in the spirit of George
Washington, who fought for freedom over
Boston's ,5 o'clock tea; in the spirit of Lafay-
ette, who left his own country to help an-
other people fighting for their human rights;
in the spirit of Cromwell, who invited Jews
to settle In England, and of the authors of
the Balfour Declaration and those who made
the State of Israel a miraculous reality.
Their spirit will prevail again.
And I believe that no power on earth can
balance the oil and political rivalries of the
Middle East against the fate of 2 million and
more Israelis. For it is said in I Samuel,
xv, 29-"And also the eternity of Israel will
not lie nor repent: for he is not a man, that
he should repent."
VERA WEIZMAN.
REHOVOTH, ISRAEL, May 24, 1963-.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
lON. BARRY GOLDWATER
OF ARIZONA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
pendix of the RECORD. Thursday, June 6, 1963
There being no objection, the letter - Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, . ask unanimous consent to have printed
as follows: - in the Appendix of the RECORD an edi-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 6
torial entitled "Why Can't We Get Rid
of Castro" published in the current edi-
tion of the Saturday Evening Post.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WHY CAN'T WE GET RID Or CASTRO?
"The Cuban revolution has failed," Post
contributing editor. Edward Behr, reports in
this week's issue. By that, he means that
the Communists have proved of ce again their
almost miraculous talent for making a bad
situation worse, for wrecking an economy
and enslaving a people. What has nqt failed,
however, is the establishment of Communist
power in the Caribbean. Although the Ken-
nedy administration understandably enjoys
taking credit for getting Nikita Khru-
shchev's missiles out of Cuba last October, it
understandably prefers to gloss over the fact
that Soviet power today Is more firmly en-
trenched off our shores than it was a year
ago. There are some 15,000 Soviet troops in
Cuba-enough to "suppress any internal
rebellion" or "to offer severe opposition to any
attack."
That judgment comes from a recent report
by the Senate Preparedness Investigation
Subcommittee, which raises an even more
sinister question: Did these missiles really
leave? The Senators admit they don't know.
They also acknowledge that top U.B. intelli-
gence officials, "to a man," hold to "their
opinion that all strategic missiles and
bombers have been removed from Cuba."
But the Senators add that the intelligence
chiefs "readily admit that. in terms of 9bso-
lutes, It is quite possible that offensive mis-
siles remain on the island concealed in caves
or otherwise. They also admitted that
based on skepticism, if nothing more, there Is
reason for grave concern about the matter."
The Senators, who cite several substantial
errors by U.S. Intelligence In the past, sound
as though they are pretty skeptical and
pretty concerned. So are we. We've talked
to a lot of Cuban refugees, who have some-
times been more accurate than the Intelli-
gence chiefs, and one of them flatly insisted
that he'd seen. hidden missiles on the Com-
munist island as recently as last November.
"Russian missiles are in Cuba," he said. "I
know so." Where? "Maybe if you look in
the caves In Pinar del Rio."
We can't look in the caves, but the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency can, and it's about
time that Its agents find out for certain
what's going on in Cuba. To leave the Com-
munists In a position- to threaten us again
with missiles from Cuba Is clearly intolerable.
But missiles are not the whole story. Even
if the Soviets have no missiles in Cuba, they
have troops and armor-and the political
position that goes with military presence.
The administration Indicates that quiet
diplomacy is getting the Soviets to reduce
their troops. A reduction is not enough.
We suspect the Soviets plan to keep troops
in Cuba Indefinitely, and we think that
even one -Soviet soldier In the Western
Hemisphere is one too many. Instead of
just quiet diplomacy, we think Mr. Kennedy
should use his well-known skill at quiet arm-
twisting.
Getting rid of the Soviet troops isn't the
whole story either. For as long as Castro
rules Cuba, he will be maintaining a political
beachhead for communism in Latin Amer-
ica-a beachhead that he's trying to expand
by subversion, propaganda, and terrorism.
That is why Nikita Khrushchev welcomed
his bearded protege in Moscow recently with
such a lugubrious display of kissing and
hugging. The two of them had a high old
time swapping toasts, shooting ducks, ogling
ballerinas at the Bolabol and inspecting the
missiles rolling through Red Square. On a
shoping tour, Castro considered buying a belt
but then remembered that he had forgotten
to bring money. Khrushchev. who supports
Castro's regime with $500 million a year, soon
settled that': "I can guarantee his credit."
But can he? President Kennedy repeat-
edly says that he Is applying economic pres-
sure on Castro, but It seems clear that he's
not applying enough. As Behr's report
makes clear, Cuba today Is In disastrous
shape, and yet its still permitted to do busi-
ness with unscrupulous buslneramen in
Canada and Western Europe. The oil that
Castro needs keeps flowing in. Surely It's
not Impossible for the U.S. Government to
find means of tightening Its embargo, and
keep tightening it.
And finally there are the refugees--a
quarter of a million of them. We'll grant
that a lot of them are wild-eyed and In-
effectual, as Harold Martin reports on page
28, and that their hit-or-miss bombing raids
don't do much damage to Castro's fortress.
But Castro's fortress won't collapse all by
itself either. The Cuban refugees remem-
ber one successful guerrilla who landed In
Cuba with nothing more than one small
boatload of seasick amateurs-and that was
Castro himself. Organizing a rebellion
against a dictator Is a long, slow process, but
it can and should be done. Why aren't we
doing it?
Back in 1900 a prominent American politi-
cal figure expressed very similar views. "We
must attempt to strengthen the ? ?
democratic anti-Castro forces In exile, and in
Cuba Itself, who offer eventual hope of over-
throwing Castro. Thus far, those fighters
for freedom have had virtually no support
from our Government." That was true
when Senator John F. Kennedy said it. Isn't
it true today?
An Address by Hon. James E. Webb, Ad-
ministrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration
HON. D. R. (BILLY) MATTHEWS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 6. 1963
Mr. MATTHEWS. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I am de-
lighted to present an address by the
Honorable James E. Webb, the Admin-
istrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. This splendid
address was delivered at the commence-
ment exercise of my alma mater, the
University of Florida, on May 4 of this
year. The address follows:
ADDRESS BY HON. JAMES E. WEBS, ADMINISTRA-
TOR. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
ADMINISTRATION
No one can come to the university of this
"first State in space" without emphasizing
that what the men and women dedicated to
a fulfillment of the exacting requirements of
the space age have done here in Florida
will live in the history of human affairs.
Moreover, the way the men and women of
this Nation, In making history in space. have
followed the lessons of mankind's history
and the traditions of democracy at its best
is a tribute to the leadership of great, power-
ful, Intellectually oriented centers of teach-
ing and learning such as this, the university
of a great State-Florida.
At the university we learn that all that we
value most Is a product of or intimately
related to the human mind, and that most of
the instruments and institutions of human
progress are recent developments in the long
history of mankind.
There Is the art of writing, which we have
enjoyed for some 6,000 years; agriculture,
with us only a little longer; Christianity, less
than 2,000 years; modern science, about 300
years old, and modern technology, as revolu-
tionized by science, developed over or ly about
150 years.
In the explosive development o#' man's
knowledge of the universe In which we live,
through use of his mind, consider th's series
of events:
In 1632, or just 330 years ago, the Cardinals
who passed sentence on Galileo asserted that
"the proposition that the Earth is not the
center of the world and immovable, but that
It moves * * ? is absurd and false."
But 200 years later man had learned, and
had come to accept, that the Earth is not the
center of the universe, and beyond that, that
the Sun also Is not the center of the universe.
Instead It was recognized and accepted that
the universe-itself is in motion, and that we
here on Earth are ourselves on a spacecraft
traveling at 67,000 miles an hour In a lath
around the Sun, whicli will place us a Sear
from nol8 180 million miles from where we
are today-that is, with reference to the Sun,
which also moves.
The marvelous capacity of the human
mind for perception, analysis, and insight Is
Illustrated by the fact that Edward Everett
Hale, In his book "The Brick Moon," pub-
lished In 1869, was able to write imagina-
tively of almost unimaginable events which
were not to transpire for nearly 80 years.
He wrote this:
"If from the surface of the earth, by a
gigantic peashooter, you could shoot a pea
upward from Greenwich, aimed northward
as well as upward; if you drove it so fast
and far that when Its power of ascent was
exhausted, and it began to fall, it should
clear the earth, and pass outside the North
Pole, if you had given It sufficient power to
get it half round the earth without touch-
ing, that pea- would clear the earth forever.
It would continue to rotate above the North
Pole, above the Feejee Island place, above
the South Pole and Greenwich, forever, with
the Impulse with which it had first cleared
our atmosphere and attraction."
Today, the human mind has made Hale's
Imaginary peashooter come true in the form
of the modern space booster.
Twenty-five years after Hale's book, John
Jacob Astor, who Is best remembered for
building the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel and go-
ing down with the Titanic, wrote a novel,
"Journey to Other Worlds." in which men
traveled to the planets. 'lthough written
almost three-quarters of a century ago, the
book contains an artist's drawing of a space-
craft which might almost have been con-
ceived by a designer of the Apollo spacecraft
in which the first American astronauts will
take off from Cape 'Canaveral and travel to
the moon.
In the foreword to this book, Hale offered
the comment that "there can be no question
that there are many forces and influences In
nature whose existence we as yet little more
than suspect. How interesting It would be,"
he said, "if, instead of reciting past achieve-
ments, we would devote our consideration to
what we do not know."
He continued. "It Is only through inves-
tigation and research that inventions come;
we may not find what we are in search of,
but may discover something of perhapseven
greater moment. It Is probable that the
principal glories of the future will be found
In as yet untrodden paths."
Hale's pea has become a mancarrying
satellite, the Mercury capsule, and the whole
vista of space is opening up to man. Mean-
while, your generation has livgd close
enough to dramatic achievements in space
to understand the profound truth of Astor
"that the principal glories of the future will
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
AN EXAMPLE OF INDIA'S
NEUTRALISM
(Mr. JOELSON (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, my at-
tention has been called to an article in
the Indian Express published in Bombay,
India. It certainly raises some interest-
ing questions about the sincerity of
India's professions of neutralism.
The article follows: -
AN EXAMPLE OF INDIA'S NEUTRALISM
It is painfully clear to most educated In-
dians that Mr. Nehru's foreign policy is not
as successful as they would have wished, and
nowhere has its irrational feature been re-
vealed so clearly than in India's attitude to-
ward Israel. India's refusal to normalize
her political relations with Israel cannot be
justified on any account.
Mr. Nehru has said times without number
that India's policy is "friendship with all and
enmity toward none." How then does he
explain his policy toward Israel? When the
United Nations Palestine Commission con-
sidered the question of the partition of
Palestine Into Israel and Arab States, Mr.
Nehru instructed his representatives on the
Commission to vote against the proposal.
Nevertheless, the Commission in its collec-
tive wisdom, by a fajority vote decided to
recommend the creation of Israel.
Even after that Mr. Nehru could have
asked his representatives to vote for the res-
olution when it went to the General Assem-
bly. But he did not; instead. he again in-
structed his nominees to vote against the
resolution. How then can he justify his
statement that his policy is friendship will
all? On the contrary it clearly suggests that
he has been from the very beginning hostile
to the creation of Israel.
GREAT CHAMPION
Mr. Nehru is a great champion of democ-
racy. As such, one would have expected him
to accept the majority decision and abide by
it. But he did not do so. Mr. Nehru is a
stanch supporter of the United Nations
and Israel, as everybody knows, was estab-
lished in accordance. with the U.N. resolu-
tion. If he Is true to his principle, he
should have accepted the U.N. decision. If
he himself does not accept a U.N. decision,
how can he blame other countries for dis-
obeying the U.N.? At least we know that
some nations disobeyed the U.N. only when
its decisions went against their vital in-
terests. But what does India lose by having
diplomatic relations with Israel?
One of the reasons why India has not
diplomatically recognized Israel, we are told,
is that Muslim countries are hostile to Israel
and therefore if India recognized Israel, they
will turn hostile to India. This argument
is fallacious. India has in the course of
time accorded Israel de facto recognition.
The Arab nations have not protested to
India; nor have they turned hostile to India.
Supposing it is true that the Arab nations
will turn hostile to India if she accords
Israel diplomatic recognition, does it not
follow that India's "independent and im-
partial" foreign policy is not what it is
claimed to be? Is India's foreign policy
dictated by the Arab countries? Mr. Nehru
will not admit it, but that is what it amounts
to.
Mr. Nehru said in Parliament last year-
when Mr. H. V. Kamath raised the question-
that it was not in India's interest to have
y
arge
fact implied was that if he opened a dip- tier Agency? Why did notMr .Nehru break
lomatic office in Jerusalem and gave recipro- diplomatic relations with both? What can
cal facilities in New Delhi to Israel, the Arab one say of a policy which says that because
No. 85-24
countries would criticize Mr. Nehru for be-
ing friendly with the enemy. If the Arabs
are fighting with somebody, it is their busi-
ness. What has India's policy got to do
with it? Further, does it not follow that a
great country like India has- allowed herself
to be held at ransom by the Arab nations In
their dispute with Israel?
NEGATIVE POLICY
Mr. Nehru has often said that he was not
afraid of any country; and his policy was
not based on the fear of anybody. If so, how
does he explain his policy towards Israel
which Is based on nothing but fear of the
Arab countries? - What can one say of a
policy which is so negative in content and
purpose? -
Mr. Nehru has often preached to the West-
ern countries particularly to the United
States that they should not shut their eyes to
this reality of the existence of Communist
China. Why then is he blind to the reality
of the existence of Israel? Further, why is it
that he does not give the same advice to Pres-
ident Nasser and company who still entertain
the ambition of destroying Israel and throw-
ing the Jews in the Mediterranean? Why
this double standard in India's foreign
policy?
President Nasser is a cosignatory with
Mr. Nehru and Mr. Chou En-lai to (the now
much discredited) Nehru's five command-
ments (Panch Shil) the most important of
which is respect for the territorial integrity
of other nations. Is not President Nasser's
goal of the destruction of Israel a serious
violation of the U.N. Charter and of the
Nehru doctrine of coexistence?
When China attacked India, Mr. Nehru
wrote to Mr. Ben-Gurion also seeking sup-
port and sympathy for India. Aggression is
aggression, if it is Communist China's or
President Nasser's. Why was Mr. Nehru
silent when the Arabs attacked the tiny
State of Israel soon after the U.N. passed
the resolution creating that State? W$y was,
h
e again vocal when Israel in self-defense
tried to scotch Egypt's plan to invade Israel
by striking first?
The former Indian Secretary in the Ministry
of External Affairs, Mr. B. F. H. B. Tyabji, is
reported to have said after a tour of the
Middle East that one of the reasons why
India has not exchanged Ambassadors with
Israel is that Israel is in occupation of a
small area that was not given to her by the
U.N. But who is responsible for it? Who
asked the Arabs to invade the tiny State of
Israel? The original aggression was started
by the Arabs with a view to wiping out the
new State. Less than 600,000 inhabitants
were attacked by well-organized States with
a population of more than 45 million from
all sides. The fact that the Jewish people
not only fought but forced their enemies to
sue for peace is one of the greatest heroic
deeds in world history. The Arabs agreed to
the cease-fire because, if they had continued
their fight, they would have been humiliated
further and would have lost more territory.
FLIMSY EXCUSES
In any case is it not a strange practice of
morality that Egypt and the other Arab
countries which first invaded Israel are not
only recognized and patronized by Mr. Nehru,
while the victim of that aggression has been
blamed by him for repulsing that aggression?
Is it not strange that India should make
flimsy excuses for not according diplomatic
recognition to Israel?
Assuming that Israel has occupied a little
area of the aggressors, is it a valid reason for
India to refuse the friendship of Israel? Has
not Pakistan occupied one-third of Kashmir
which is Indian territor
and Chin., l
9851
somebody has occupied somebody else's terri-
tory, India will not have diplomatic relations
with that somebody, but when its own terri-
tory has been occupied it had no inhibition
in flirting with the aggressors?
No country has a greater vital economic
and. strategic interest in the Middle East
than the United Kingdom, but it is not afraid
to have diplomatic relations with Israel.
President Nasser and Arab colleagues could
do nothing to prevent other powers from
having normal political relations with Israel.
Today President Nasser is being wooed by
Russia but it was the same Russia which gave
steadfast support to Mr. Trygve Lie and the
U.N. to implement the partition of Palestine.
President Nasser could not blackmail Rus-
sia. Further, oil-rich countries have given
concessions t'a the United Kingdom and the
United States of America. They have not
withdrawn from them because of their
friendship with Israel. Even a Muslim coun-
try like Turkey and smaller nations like
Nepal and Burma, are more courageous and
have diplomatic relations with Israel.
All this clearly shows that the Ind.ian fear
is either imaginary or that India is delib-
erately using this imaginary fear as an ex-
cuse for not having diplomatic relations with
Israel.
SPECIAL ORDER
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent, at the close of the
legislative business on Wednesday, June
19; to address the House for 30 minutes.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentleman
from Illinois?
MrfIA1S I 9l4'eect, Mr. Speaker.
UNITED STATES MAKES DEAL WITH
COMMUNIST CUBA PERMITTING
U.S. OVERFLIGHT OF CUBAN
PLANES FOR CUBA OVERFLIGHT
BY U.S. PLANES
(Mr. CRAMER was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, it is ob-
vious now that the - State Department
made a new deal with the Communists
in Cuba that permits U.S. airplanes over-
fly Cuba, by withdrawing the previous
prohibition of such overflights, in obvious
exchange for allowing Cuban aircraft to
overfly the United States.
This makes it obvious that the New
Frontier policy Is resulting in drifting
closer and closer to coexistence with
communism in Cuba. We are coming
closer and closer to giving in on another
of Castro's five demands-one of which
has already been conceded dealing with
preventing exile Cuban raids on Cuba.
The second demand was for gradual re-
newal of commercial relations. Grad-
ually, the American people are being
-brainwashed into thinking that carrying
on some negotiations with Castro-vis-
a-vis-the prisoner exchange indemnity
deal-permitting a little commerce to
overfly each other's countries-giving in
to one of Castro's demands-is not so bad
because afterall there are many other
things we are not doing for the Commu-
nists in Cuba. The logical long-range
result of chipping away at our professed
policy of an economic and political quar-
antine of Cuba Is that eventually wewill
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 6
be coexisting with Communists in this
hemisphere. We cannot permit this to
happen arld that is why calling public
attention to each move in that direction
I believe is essential.
Two weeks ago I revealed that the FAA
is permitting Cuban planes to overfly the
United States. I also demanded that
this practice be halted.
But, instead of banning these over-
flights, the New Frontier has worked out
a swap with Castro which permits U.S.
commercial airplanes to fly over Cuba
in exchange for Cuban planes flying over
the United States.
It is obvious that the United States is
negotiating with Castro and has worked
out this deal with his government.
Otherwise, how could the administration
know such U.S. planes would not be sub-
ject to hijacking or attack?
How can we possibly expect other na-
tions to isolate this dictator when in this
instance the United States is working
with him on a business-as-usual basis.
It is becoming more and more obvious
that we do not mean what we say when
we ask other nations to quarantine Cas-
tro and that we do not intend to do so
ourselves.
I renew my demand to the State De-
partment that we ban Cuban planes from
flying over the United States and that a
complete economic and political quaran-
tine of Cuba be our policy.
I also call upon the administration to
level with the American people as to what
deals are being made with Castro and
who the U.S. Ambassador to Cuba with-
out portfolio is.
SPECIAL ORDER
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to proceed for 1 hour
on Monday next following the legislative
program of the day.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentle-
man from Florida?
Mr. HAYS. I object, Mr. Speaker.
PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY RE-
GARDING SPECIAL ORDERS
(Mr. PUCINSKI asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I have
taken this 1 minute to direct a parlia-
mentary inquiry. In view of the fact
that one Member of this Congress has
taken it upon himself to exercise his
rights in objecting to special orders, I
would like to inquire whether I am cor-
rect in assuming that a Member may
introduce a resolution to address the
House and let it go through the normal
procedures similar to those for any other
resolution which does not require unani-
mous consent?
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
the rules of the House the gentleman is
permitted to introduce any type of reso-
lution at any time.
Mr. PUCINSKI. I thank the Speaker.
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
sence was granted to:
Mr. ASPINALL, for Thursday, June 6,
1963, on account of official business.
Mr. CLAUSEN (at the request of Mr.
ARENDS) , for Wednesday and the bal
ance of this week, on account of official
business.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
By unanimous consent, permission to
extend remarks in the Appendix of the
RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks,
was granted to :
Mr. HORAN, his remarks in Committee
of the Whole on the agriculture appropri-
ation bill, and to Include tables and
other extraneous matter.
Mr. BURLESON in two instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. MATTHEWS and to include an ad-
dress by the Honorable James Webb.
Mr. MATTHEWS, to extend his remarks
in Committee of the Whole, Immediate-
ly following the remarks of Mr. WHITTEN.
Mr. HALEY and to include extraneous
matter.
Mr. WRICIIT and to include extraneous
matter.
Mr. MICHEL to include in his remarks
in Committee of the Whole extraneous
matter including tables and letters.
Mr. CANNON and, to include an article
from a Missouri paper on James Aloysius
Farley.
Mr. BURLESON to extend his remarks
following those of Mr. PoAGE during gen-
eral debate today.
Mr. NELSEN (at the request of Mr. NY-
GAARD) to follow the remarks of Mr.
HOEVEN and to include an article.
Mr. NELSEN (at the request of Mr. NY-
GAARD) and to include extraneous mat-
ter.
Mr. MCCLORY, the remarks he made in
Committee of the Whole and to Include
extraneous matter.
Mr. RANDALL to revise and extend his
remarks made in Committee and to in-
clude extraneous matter.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. NYGAARD) and to include
extraneous matter:)
Mr. DERWINSKI.
Mr. VAN PELT.
Mr. GROVER.
Mr. ALGER in rive instances.
Mr. PIRNIE.
Mr. DOLE.
Mr. TALCOTT.
Mr GLENN.
Mr. RUMSFELD.
Mr. KEITH.
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN.
Mr. MCINTIRE and to include extrane-
ous matter in relation to remarks on floor
today.
Mr. MORSE.
Mr. HO5MER in four instances.
Mr. MATHIAS In three instances.
Mr. CURTIS in three Instances.
The following Members (at the request
of Mr. ALBERT) and to include extraneous
matter:)
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina.
Mr. KEOGH.
Mr. CAREY in eight instances.
Mr. MULTER in three instances.
Mr. EDWARDS.
Mr. FLOOD.
Mr. JONES of Alabama.
Mr. STAEBLER in two instances.
Mr. FRASER in two instances.
Mr. STEPHENS.
Mr. CLARK.
Mr. GARMATZ.
Mr. BURKE.
Mr. HAGAN of Georgia in four instances.
Mr. STRATTON In two instances.
Mr. MATSUNAGA.
Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania.
Mr. COOLEY in the body of the RECORD
during the debate on H.R. 6754.
Mr. RYAN of New York in the body of
the RECORD during the debate on H.R.
6754.
ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED
Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee
on House Administration, reported that
that committee had examined and found
truly enrolled bills of the House of the
following titles, which were thereupon
signed by the Speaker :
H.R.240. An act to amend section 632 of
title 38, United States Code, to provide for
an extension of the program of grants-in-
aid to the Republic of the Philippines for
the hospitalization of certain veterans; and
H.R.5366. An act making appropriations
for the Treasury and Post Office Departments,
the Executive Office of the President, and cer-
tain independent agencies for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes.
BILLS PRESENTED TO THE
PRESIDENT
Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee
on House Administration, reported that
that committee did on this day present
to the President, for his approval, bills
of the House of the following titles:
H.R.249. An act to amend section 632 of
title 3B, United States Code, to provide for
an extension of the program of grants-in-aid
to the Republic of the Philippines for the
hospitalization of certain veterans; and
H.R. 5368. An act making appropriations
for the Treasury and Post Office Departments,
the Executive Office of the President, and cer-
tain independent agencies for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the House do now adjourn.
The motion was agreed to; accord-
ingly (at 7 o'clock and 4 minutes p.m.),
under its previous order, the House ad-
journed until Monday, June 10, 1963, at
12 o'clock noon.
EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS,
ETC.
Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive
communications were taken from the
Speaker's table and referred as follows:
901. A letter from the Administrator, Vet-
erans' Administration, relative to reporting
two violations of subsection (h), pursuant to
section 3079 of the Revised Statutes, as
amended (31 U.S.C. 665 (1) (2) ); to the Com-
mittee on Appropriations.
902. A letter from the Administrator, Fed-
eral Aviation Agency, transmitting a draft of
a proposed bill entitled "A bill to amend sec-
tion 308(a) of the Federal Aviation Act as it
relates to the grant of exclusive rights at air-
ports"; to the Committee on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce.
903. A letter from the Administrator. Fed-
eral Aviation Agency, transmitting a draft of
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SESSIONAL RECORD = HOUSE June 6
Schools in Brooklyn and Queens were
closed by law in 1860 on Anniversary
Day, because it was found that the
majority of them took off to celebrate
anyway.
There will be 26 separate parades In
Brooklyn, with the main one along the
long meadow in Prospect Park. The re-
viewing stand along that line of march
will be studied with notables, including
Mayor Wagner, Borough President
Stark, Parks Commissioner Newbold
Morris, and Fire Commissioner Edward
Thompson.
The union- was founded by Joshua
Sands; the first celebration of its incep-
tion was in 1829, at the Sands Street
Methodist Episcopal Church. The first
annual parade was held on June 26, 1838.
Now the celebration is held on the first
Thursday in June.
This is the 147th anniversary of the
founding. There will be a luncheon at
12:30 p.m. at the Montauk Club, Eighth
Avenue and Lincoln Place.
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
(Mr. ICHORD asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. ICHORD. Mr. Speaker, I was
quite amused about 2 weeks ago when
the Agency for International Develop-
ment sent me a release announcing that
the A. B. Chance Co. of Centralia, Mo.,
in my district, had been awarded a con-
tract for industrial goods under the for-
eign-aid program. Mr. Gano Chance,
the chairman of the board of the A. B.
Chance Co., is the most illustrious mem-
ber of the John Birch Society in Mis-
souri. Mr. Chance, on May 31, wrote
me objecting to this- practice of AID.
Although I do not agree with Mr. Chance
in regard to the John Birch Society-I
feel that the Nation would be better off
if the John Birch Society did not exist-
I do feel that Mr. Chance validly objects
to the efforts of the Agency for Interna-
tional Development to sell the foreign-
aid program on the basis of what it will
do for the economy of this country. I
hope no Member of the House will per-
mit his vote to be influenced by the im-
pact which foreign aid has on the econ-
omy of his district.
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to address the House
for 15 minutes, today, following any spe-
cial orders heretofore entered.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ala-
bama?
Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I object.
The' SPEAKER. Objection is heard.
SUBCOMMITTEE ON LABOR
Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Subcom-
mittee on Labor be permitted to sit dur-
ing general debate this afternoon.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Cali-
fornia?
There was no objection.
ONCERTED DRIVE 1NEF()ED,/FOR
OAS ACTION
-was given permission to hddress the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker,
a special OAS committee headed by Am-
bassador de Lavalle of Peru has just
made its recommendations for concerted
action against Cuba available to the full
OAS Council.
Three of our Latin American friends
have requested that action on these rec-
oulmendations be withheld until at least
July 3 of this year. The countries in
question are Mexico, Bolivia, and Brazil.
Mr. Speaker, the De Lavalle commit
tee has been working on these recom-
mendations since last October. There
is no valid reason to procrastinate OAS
consideration of these recommendations.
These _three countries have received
generous U.S. aid for some time now,
yet, they are doing their utmost to stall
positive hemsipheric action against
Castro.
During fiscal year 1962 alone, Brazil
received a total of $242 million in U.S.
aid, Mexico received a total of $143 mil-
lion, and Bolivia received $35.5 million.
Yet, these three countries are not doing
their utmost to secure speedy hemi-
spheric action against communism in
this hemisphere.
It is high time this Nation started di-
recting its aid program more toward na-
tions willing to cooperate with our na-
tional goals, and not so much toward
those who are unwilling to exert full
effort for the cause of freedom.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BUSINESS
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that it be in order to
call up the bills from the Committee on
the District of Columbia on Monday,
June 17, instead of Monday, June 10.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
SPENDING CUTS
(Mr. TEAGUE of California asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr.
Speaker, I noted in Robert Albright's
column In the Washington Post of May
26, that our colleague, the gentleman
from New Jersey, Congressman CHARLES
S. JoELsoN has encountered: a "deafen-
ening silence" In response to his chal-
lenge to Members of Congress to let him
know where spending cuts can be made
in their own districts. Well, here are
three instances in my district-the 13th
of California
Case No. 1-Closing of Camp San
Luis: In 1961, I wrote to the Secretary
of Defense recommending that this Army
base be closed, the military personnel lo-
cated there be assigned elsewhere, and
the several hundred acres involved be
returned to the tax rolls.
Case No. 2-Transfer of the Yards and
Docks supply office at Port Hueneme
Naval Construction Battalion Center to
Pennsylvania: Civilian personnel affect-
ed: 242 employees. The Navy claimed dt
could do the job with 68 fewer persons.
I requested high-level Navy officials to
review their initial decision; this was
done, with the result that the potential
savings were verified. Upon receiving
this verification, I stated:
I believe that, in line with my pleas ,for
greater efficiency and reduction in Federal
spending, I am in no position to enter a pro-
test.
Case No. 3-Channel Islands : I have
not introduced a companion House bill
to" Senator ENGLE's bill authorizing the
Federal Government to acquire the
Channel Islands in my district. This ac-
quisition would involve a Federal expend-
iture of at least $20 million.
CRIME IN THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA
(Mr. BECKER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, for a
number of months I have taken the
floor to call attention to the crime situ-
ation in Washington, not having to do
with law enforcement, but the prosecu-
tion of the law. I am quite sure you
are all aware that it is almost a year ago
that my secretary was unfortunately
attacked in St. Peter's Church, just 2
blocks away, and stabbed 10 times. She
was almost to the point of death. She
is now fully recovered, I believe. How-
ever, the criminal was arrested and
pleaded guilty as far back as April of
this year. Up to the present time this
man has not been sentenced. He has
been cleared by St. Elizabeths. Every-
thing has been done, but still-he has not
been sentenced for that crime and the
confession of other crimes.
There is another criminal who mur-
dered a policeman about 3 years ago.
To this day he has not been sentenced
by the courts of the District of Columbia.
I say that if we in the Congress and
if we in the District are to show an ex-
ample to this Nation, I think our com-
mittees should get busy and find out
what is wrong with justice in Washing-
ton, D.C., in trying to make this a safe
place for people.
The SPEAKER. The time of the
gentleman has expired.
COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND
CURRENCY
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Subcommit-
tee on Consumer Affairs of the Commit-
tee on Banking and Currency may sit
today while the House is in session dur-
ing general debate.
The SPEAKER. Without objection, it
is so ordered.
There was no objection.
CALL OF THE HOUSE
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr.. Speaker, I
make the point of order that a quorum
is not present.
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June 6, 1961" CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Mr. DAWSON. Mr. f _ak~r, with the
dean and all the other members of the
Chicago delegation I am deeply grieved
by the passing of Emil V. Pacini and ex-
tend to Mrs. Pacini, his son, William, and
his daughters, my deepest sympathy.
Our warm friendship and assocation to-
gether in the councils of the Democratic
Party of Cook County covered many
years. He dedicated his life to the serv-
ice of the people of his ward and of the
city of Chicago. The zoning amend-
ments for which in large measure he was
responsible, and which represented
months of hard and highly intelligent
work, stand as a lasting monument to his
memory.
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I join
in eulogizing Emil Pacini, who for many
years has been one of the outstanding
aldermen of the city of Chicago. During
his service on the Chicago City Council,
he acquired renown as chairman of the
zoning commission, and became a recog-
nized expert in intricate zoning prob-
lems of the metropolitan areas of the
country. He was a dedicated family
man, a hard-working, conscientious pub-
lic official, the type of man who dem-
onstrated the effectiveness of the prin-
ciple of home rule.
I join the gentl'man from Illinois,
BARRATT O'HARA. and other Members of
Congress from the Chicago metropolitan
area, in paying my respects to his mem-
ory and extending my deepest sympathy
to his family and loved ones in his un-
timely passing.
Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, I
join my colleagues from the city of
Chicago, in expressing my feelings of
genuine sorrow on the loss of Hon.
Emil V. Pacini who served In the city
council for many years.
I have known Alderman Pacini for
more than 20 years. He served as chair-
man of the committee on building and
zoning and helped draw up the com-
prehensive zoning ordinance of 1957
which involved a full review of every
parcel of property in Chicago.
He was loved and endeared by the
people he represented. He established
the reputation as being a champion of
the poor and those in need of aid. He
was a great public servant and he will
be missed by the people of his locality.
To his widow and family, I wish to
convey my feelings of genuine sorrow
for the great loss they have sustained.
Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr.
Speaker, it was with great shock that I
learned of the passing of Emil V. Pacini
in Chicago.
Mr. Pacini was a very dear friend of
mine for many years. He was an out-
standing Chicagoan, having, been a
leader in the civic and political life of
Chicago for many years.
Mr. Pacini was the Democratic ward
committeeman of the 10th ward of Chi-
cago and represented that ward in the
Chicago City Council for over 20 years.
His major contribution to the city was
the enactment of the legislation of the
Chicago Comprehensive Zoning Ordi-
nance, and the modernization of the
Chicago Building Code.
My association with him in the city
council and the County Central Commit-
`ee of the Democratic Party of Cook
County enabled me to become aware of
his strong character and devotion to his
public duties.
The city of Chicago will experience
great loss, especially the people of the
South Chicago community. My sympa-
thy to Mrs. Pacini and family in this
great hour of grief.
Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker,
may I take this opportunity to join with
many others who express their sympathy
over the passing of Mr. Emil V. Pacini,
a former alderman in the city of Chi-
cago, who was serving as ward commit-
teeman of Chicago's 10th ward at the
time of his death.
Emil was first elected to the city coun-
cil by the residents of the 10th ward
in 1945 and he served these people until
April of this year. Having had the privi-
lege of serving with him as a member
of the Cook County Democratic Central
Committee, I can say he was a, sympa-
thetic man and a person who believed in
doing everything possible for the welfare
of his people. He was a diligent, hard-
working public servant.
He will be missed, and his passing Is
a loss not only to the residents of the
10th ward he so ably represented, but to
the city of Chicago. As an expert on
building and zoning he achieved a great
deal for the benefit of Chicago's citi-
zenry.
I wish to extend condolences to Mrs.
Pacini and the family in the loss of this
splendid man.
Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
join with my Chicago colleague in trib-
ute to the memory of Emil V. Pacini and
in expression of sympathy to the mem-
bers of his family. He was held in high
and affectionate regard by many in
southern Illinois and his reputation as
a zoning authority was well established
among the municipal officials in the
cities down State. His death is a blow
not only to Chicago, but to all the State
of Illinois.
Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, the
death of the Honorable Emil V. Pacini
ends the political career of one of the
most active aldermen and committee-
men of the city of Chicago.
His political activity in the 10th ward
of our beloved city won for him recog-
nition as a leader among the officials of
the Democratic Party. He entered the
city council In 1945. serving on many of
its important committees until his polit-
ical retirement in April 1963.
He was chairman of the powerful com-
mittee on building and zoning whose
jurisdiction covered the implementation
of Chicago's Intricate Wacker plan for
the beautification of Chicago and
modernization of the classification of
the use of city property zoned to ac-
complish this purpose.
In 1957, Chairman Pacini, with his
committee, perfected the ordinance
passed by council which is the present
zoning regulation for the city of Chi-
cago. It was a tremendous undertaking
requiring an analytical survey of every
property in the city of Chicago. The
numerous conferences and public hear-
ings entailed hours of laborious effort
and the study of reports by experts in
this field.. It is felt by many of his as-
sociates that the chairman taxed his
energy beyond physical endurance in
completing this important assignment.
His work contributed so much to the
great strides in building a new Chicago
stimulated by' adoption of his ordinance
promulgating the great Chicago plan
after many years of delay.
He always evinced great interest in
sports emanating from his auto-racing
days in his youth, and boating experi-
ences in later life. In the latter his
enthusiasm carried over into his work
as chairman of the Committee on Port
of Chicago Wharves and Bridges.
Mr. Pacini was a gentle, soft speaking
individual who valued the loyalties of
friendship. He was a person independ-
ent in his thinking and no one could in-
fluence his opinion if he felt in principle
that he was right.
In private life he was a building con-
tractor. He reflected even in this em-
ployment the high sense of artistry seek-
ing perfection. He was an expert in the
lost science of installing, repairing, and
making leaded church windows depict-
ing figures and scenes of biblical signifi-
cance. Piecing together the colored
tinted glass fragments that leaded to-
gether depict the biblical versions of
theological study requires a degree of pa-
tience and study that challenges the
highest accomplishments of artistry.
We the congressional delegation from
Illinois extend to his dear wife, Ethel,
his son, William, and daughters, Mrs. Pa-
tricia McMahon and Mrs. Anita Bean
our heartfelt condolence.
In his passing, Chicago has lost one of
its devoted public servants and the State
of Illinois, and the Nation one of its loyal
and patriotic citizens.
Mr. FINNEGAN. Mr. Speaker, I was
saddened to learn of the death of Alder-
man and Committeeman Emil V. Pacini.
His death was unexpected and everyone
will miss him.
His friends and supporters were nu-
merous which can be attributed to his
faithful service to the Democratic Party
and to the people of his ward. As alder-
man of the 10th ward of Chicago he
worked hard on behalf of his constitu-
ents and many of the improvements
which have been accomplished in his
ward over the past few years were gained
through his continued efforts.
He was a man of many talents and
abilities and we who knew him are
grieved by his loss.
IT'S BROOKLYN DAY
(Mr. KEOGH asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, with
crash of brass and bray of trumpets,
some 100,000 Sunday schoolteachers and
children from all over the borough will
begin parading tomorrow at 2 p.m. in
honor of Brooklyn Day.
However, it is not, strictly speaking,
"Brooklyn Day," says William S. Webb,
treasurer of the Brooklyn Sunday School
Union. It is the celebration of the
founding of the union, established in
1816.
The union is made up of Protestant.
Sunday schools throughout the borough.
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9736 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
possible .or the army to resist Sukarno's
tempting proposals for a solution to these
problems through a reorganization of the
government. Of course, Indonesia's expan-
sionist policy on the island of Borneo is
strongly supported by the PKI, which months
ago denounced the concept of Malaysia.
Thus, for the first time since the outbreak
of the cold war, the forces of the free world
could be faced with the problem of putting
down a Communist-directed guerrilla war
that is supported by a pro-Communist gov-
ernment which has a powerful air force and
numerous surface and subsurface warships.
This means that Indonesia is in a position to
transport all necessary supplies for guerrillas,
to ferry raiders, and to bring over Chinese
Communist guerrilla war experts, if they
deem that necessary. ? However, experts con-
sider the Indonesian Army as one of the most
skillful in the world at small-unit operations
in swamp and jungles such as the terrain
bordering Sarawak.
What the Borneo situation amounts to
then is an unholy alliance of two Communist
nations-Russia and Red China-and one
pro-Communist country-Indonesia-all
dedicated to elimination of anti-Communist
forces from an island chain stretching more
than 3,000 miles, which is the key to all the
lands and waterways linking the Indian and
Pacific Oceans.
Their technique IS the now familiar one
of guerrilla warfare and insurgency under
the guise of the propaganda theme of "na-
tional liberation" from colonialism and im-
perialism. Actually, of course, the Indo-
nesian attacks on Sarawak can hardly be
classed as anything else than armed aggres-
sion against a fellow Asian state; and Su-
karno's opposition to the United States of
Malaysia is nothing but slavish adherence to
the basic Communist directive to sabotage
any voluntary grouping of free, democratic
states.
Actually, Indonesian. imperialism against
fellow Asians is an old story. An example
is the little-known Indonesian aggression
against the people of the South Moluccas.
These people, living on the so-called Spice
Islands between the Philippines and the
Australian Continent, have resisted the In-
donesian state since 1950. A South.Moluccan
exile journal pointed out not long ago:
"Now for nearly 13 years a forgotten war is
raging on in the jungle-interior of the island
of Ceram, on the border territory of Asia
and Australia. Under the sago and nutmeg
trees, in the mountains and valleys of this
rich tropical paradise, soldiers of the Free
South Moluccan forces, with firearms, ar-
rows, knives and even with their bare hands
are fighting the Indonesian troops. Our
appeal to the United Nations has been an
unsettled point of the Security Council's
agenda for nearly 13 years."
With a pro-Communist power controlling
all of Borneo, the Communist would be in a
position to subvert both Malaya and the
Philippines. Consolidation of power in Bor-
neo also could enable Indonesia to move
against Portuguese Timor and the Australian-
held portions of New Guinea. With the ac-
complishment of these political and military
goals, Indonesia would stand ready to apply
direct pressure against Australia itself. The
long-range Communist plan for the conquest
of the Indonesian archipelago, with its nearly
100 million people, clearly envisions a sub-
sequent_takeover of Australia, with its popu-
lation of only 10% million. Red China also
sees in Australia an opportunity for a new
can find relief from the terrific population I wish I could tell you that you were going
pressure on the Asian mainland, into a peaceful and carefree world with un-
The combined Communist and pro-Com- limited opportunities to contribute to the
munist governments in Asia have a com- welfare of mankind and promote your own
men stake in eliminating anti-Communist happiness. That has been made impossible
control of the northern portions of Borneo. by the policy of the Communists to seek
The United States and its free world allies the control of the world and dominate its
likewise have a tremendous stake in deny- people.
June 8
ing Indonesia, Communist China or the In the closing days of World War II when
U.S.S.R. any further degree. of control on I accompanied President Roosevelt to Yalta,
the island of Borneo. A successful guerrilla I heard Stalin say it was essential to the
rebellion In Borneo could seriously hamper Soviets to have adjoining their country
U.S. efforts to support a.free Vietnam. It only friendly governments. In September
would amount to the outflanking of all that of the same year when I was Secretary of
southeast asla and would imperil both the
Philippines and Australia, two of America's
closest allies, in the global struggle against
Communist domination. The United States,
therefore, can no more afford a nondefense
policy with respect to the free Borneo .areas
than it could afford to abandon the defense
of South Korea in 1950.
The United States has already announced
its support "in principle" for the proposed
Malaysian Federation. It is high time we
threw some active diplomatic and political
support behind its organization. It is high
time also that we reconsidered our. policy
of aid to Sukarno, the Red-leaning Hitler of
OURB 'POLICY
Honorable James F. Byrnes, has given
eloquent and forceful expression to the
feelings of millions of Americans who
want to see the Communist cancer in
Cuba eradicated. In an address at New-
berry College on June 2, 1963, this senior
American statesman, who has served his
country with distinction not only as Sec-
retary of State but also in the House of
Representatives, the Senate, the Su-
preme Court, as Assistant President dur-
ing World War II, and as Governor of
South Carolina, has urged that effective
action be taken to remove communism
from the Western Hemisphere.
So many who have called for a tough
policy on Cuban communism have been
derided as being warmongers and ex-
tremists. These terms, however, cannot
possibly be applied with any degree of
validity to a man who himself has gone
through many great ordeals in meeting
Communist leaders "eyelash to eyelash"
in crises which this Nation has faced in
the cold war struggle with the forces of
world communism. Because of his great
record of service to his country at the
highest levels of Government, and par-
ticularly on foreign policy matters, I feel
that every Member of this body should
have the opportunity of reading Gover-
nor Byrnes' outstanding address entitled
"Our Cuban Policy-Facts and Fears."
I therefore ask unanimous consent to
have this address printed at the conclu-
sion of these remarks, with editorial
comments on the address as printed in
the Greenville Piedmont of Greenville,
S.C., on June 4, 1963, and the State of
Columbia, S.C., on June 5, 1963.
There being no objection, the address'
and articles were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
OUR CUBAN POLICY-FACTS AND FEARS
(Address by Hon. James F. Byrnes at
learned from Molotov, Soviet Foreign Min-
ister, that while they were interested in
countries adjoining the Soviet Union, their
real interest was to acquire one of the
Italian colonies in order to have a naval
base in the Mediterranean and they also
wished to influence all decisions made by
Gen. Douglas MacArthur, who by agree-
ment had been made Supreme Commander
in the Pacific. I knew they had not aban-
doned their policy to. gain control of the
world.
The more Molotov complained of Mac-
Arthur's failure to follow the advice of the
Communists, the more convinced was I of
the correctness of the course the- general
was following. He demonstrated that he
not only was one of the greatest combat
generals ever tq serve in the U.S. Army,
but also was a statesman. ^.
From recent history you know something
of the postwar record of the Soviet Gov-
ernment. Whenever their military forces
entered a country, they were never with-
drawn. Today they completely control Po-
land, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Hungary.
They had military forces in North Korea
for a few days prior to the cessation of
hostilities with Japan. They not only re-
tained possession of North Korea but at-
temped to have their North Korean pup-
pets secure control of all Korea. In the
effort to stop them, `thousands of Ameri-
cans lost their lives.
In. Germany, the Soviets refused to make
a treaty of peace because they had an op-
portunity to brainwash the leaders of East
Germany and, as a result, they are still in
control, of that section of Germany and in
Berlin have erected a wall to prevent the
escape of the enslaved people.
Having spent the greater part of 2 years
in conferences with the Soviets at interna-
tional conferences, I know they will live up
to an agreement only when it is to their
interest. When representatives of the free
world meet them in international confer-
ences, I know they will live up ,to an agree-
ment only when it is to their interest. When
representatives of the free world meet them
in international conferences, there is doubt
as' to what the Soviets will get out of the
meeting but never any doubt that we will
get only experience.
With this history of our relations with the
Soviets since World War II and with full
knowledge that there has been no change in
the determination of the Communists to
control the world, it is surprising that our
Government and our people were put to
sleep as to what was happening in Cuba. For
Several years we knew of Castro's violent de-
nunciation of the United States. We knew
of his seizure of the property of Americans
and many of us were confident he had be-
come a puppet of the Soviets. But we took
no-steps to remedy the situation.
As early as September 14, 1960, Senator
John F. Kennedy said "If Communism
should obtain a permanent foothold in Latin
America, then the balance of power would
move against us and peace would be even
more insecure." He was absolutely right.
This was a few months before he became
President. Today Communism has ,a foot-
hold in Latin America. Whether or not that
foothold Is permanent depends upon whether
we have the wisdom to realize the danger
and the courage to demand the removal of
that threat against this hemisphere.
There have been so many conflicting state-
ments about the Cuban problem that many
people do not know what is fact and what is
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1963 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 9735
Our concern in this matter must be greater and colonialism were the root cause of the aged by his Communist Chinese ,friends,
than lipservice, threat to world peace and of international Sukarno's strategy is to alternate the use of
a+rug
le force and threat that brought him the easy
g
H
e
trained professional people are returning to for the peaceful unification of Vietnam.
colleges and universities for mideareer edu- also condemned U.S. aid for South Vietnam
_,
li
for Koren
_.
_. C-?--'-
R
po
cy
and
dependency of both business and Govern-
ment on highly trained brainpower and the
willingness on the part of both to under-
write the cost of such graduate study. This
trend must be made to swell, for this is the
kind of investment that could unlock the
treasures of our mountains and valleys, and
send pioneers to the moon and the stars.
I know that each step up the ladder of
learning is more difficult and more chal-
lenging. I know what it means in mottva-
tion, and drive, and sacrifice to complete
years of college studies. I know that many
of you feel that you are entitled to settle
back and enjoy that hard-earned diploma.
But I call upon you-each and every one of
you-to aspire for additional education. In
doing so, you will not only make your own
future more secure, but also that of your
country.
THE INDONESIAN THREAT
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President,
there are numerous spots in the world
where a potential for crisis is created
by Communist expansion. Qffieially the
Government seems slow to recognize
these potential areas of crisis and to take
steps to deal with the situation before
the crisis develops. Just such a critical
area is Indonesia, as is pointed out In
the Washington Report for June 3, 1983,
of the American Security Council which
Is written by Mr. Anthony Harrigan,
guest editor. This report entitled "The
Indonesian Threat" is most informative
and I commend It to the reading of all
Members of the Congress. I ask unani-
mous consent that it be printed in the
body of the RECORD.
There being no obJection, the report
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE INDONESIAN THREAT
(By Anthony Harrigan, associate editor of
the Charleston. (S.C.) News and Courier,
a member of the ABC's Strategy Staff, and
a major contributor to military journals
in the United States, France, Australia,
and Japan)
In mid-May, an Australian Air Force gen-
eral and a senior U.B. Air Force general
of the Pacific Command sat deep In serious
conversation on the veranda of the Army-
Navy Club In Manila.' The Aussie, having
just returned from an extensive trip through
Indonesia, was saying, "It's not the fact
that practically overnight Sukarno has
built himself a modern radar warning sys-
tem that bothers me. What I'm concerned
about is that every radar I saw was located
on the southern fringes of the island chain
sited so as to cover the approaches to Aus-
tralia." This incident is but one of many
which confirms that while the United States
focuses attention on Communist attacks on
the southeast Asian meinland, a new danger
zone is emerging in Borneo and the neigh-
boring islands of the Indonesian Archi-
pelago. The ultimate danger is posed to Aus-
tralia, the bulwark of Western civilization
in the Southern Hemisphere.
Little noticed in this country was the
endorsement by Indonesia in late April of
Communist China's policies regarding Asia.
In a joint statement issued in Djakarta, Pres-
ident Sukarno of Indonesia and Liu Shaochi,
President of Red China, declared: "The two
parties (Indonesia and Communist China)
unanimously have held that Imperialism
as a "comrade in arms." Sukarno said that
Djakarta and Peiping are united in opposi-
tion to the uniting of North Borneo. Sara-
wak and Brunei and Malaya in a Federation
of Malaysia, scheduled to be set up on Au-
gust 31.
This statement was hardly necessary, for
the Indonesian guerrilla war against British
North Borneo and Sarawak already had be-
gun. Over a hundred green uniformed
soldiers struck a police station at Tebedu.
3 miles Inside Sarawak on April 12. The
raiders were Dyak tribesmen who came from
the Indonesian State of Kalimantan, which
covers two-thirds of Borneo, the third larg-
est island in the world. Trained by the
Indonesian Army and reportedly directed by
Brigadier General Magenda, the Chief of
Intelligence of the Indonesian Combined
Forces staff in Djakarta, their obvious pur-
pose was to create an insurgency situation
throughout British Borneo which would pre-
vent the formation of Malaysia.
Indonesia's aggressive designs toward
Northern Borneo can be discerned in the
statements of Indonesian leaders over a
period of months. On January 20, 1983,
Indonesian Foreign Minister Subandrio an-
nounced that his Government had adopted
a policy of "confrontation" against Malaysia.
This statement was significant because "con-
frontation" was the official designation for
Dictator Sukarno's campaign against the
Dutch In New Guinea. The full significance
of this language was revealed in early May
when Gen. A. H. Nasution, Chief of Staff
of Indonesia's armed forces, declared that
northern areas of Borneo constituted Indo-
nesia's "first line of defense." Addressing a
youth congress, General Nasution said: "Sup-
port our brothers in northern Borneo with
all your means. You must keep up your
struggle until our brothers attain their inde-
pendence." This statement is regarded as
a call for the so-called freedom fighters of
North Borneo, an Indonesian guerrilla
group, to take action.
The joint Indonesian-Chinese statement
on Borneo Is of special Interest because of
the presence of a large Chinese population
on the island. About 1 million Chinese live
on Borneo. This population Is largely con-
centrated in Sarawak and North Borneo,
which are the objects of Sino-Indonesian
pressure. They provide the Ideal cover popu-
lation needed in a guerrilla war-precisely
as was the case In the Malayan rebellion.
The territory will be difficult to defend
against guerrillas operating from secure bases
In Indonesian-held portions of Borneo, the
entire area of which constitutes a classic
"privileged sanctuary." Hills and mountain
ranges characterize the entire border area.
It is precisely the type of terrain which
favors guerrilla operations. British sources
say that the dedicated Communists In Sara-
wak are members of the Clandestine Com-
munist Organization (CCO) which operates
primarily in the western half of the country.
Already the CCO has an estimated hard-
core guerrilla potential of 1,500 men of whom
approximately 500 are already armed. equip-
ped and trained.
Malayan security experts have studied re-
ports from Borneo and concluded that Com-
munists on that Island Intend to use the
same guerrilla tactics employed in the Malay-
an rebellion that lasted from 1948 to 1960.
According to these reports, the attack on
Sarawak, North Borneo, and the sultanate
of Brunei will be based on terrorist principles
established by Chin Peng, secretary general
of the Malayan Communist Party. Encour-
-war au " r--
vide him with another emotional "antl-
colonial" Issue which will serve to distract
the attention of his people from the chaotic
economic situation at home.
The guerrilla war in Borneo may thus turn
out to be the most difficult conflict to sup-
press since the Korean war. In February,
the Indonesian War Veterans' Legion an-
nounced that it was ready to organize 70,000
volunteers to help fight the British forces in
Kalimantan Utara (North Borneo). Maj.
Gen. Achmad Jani, the Indonesian Army
Chief of Staff, has been even more specific,
referring to "two divisions" being formed to
support the "independence struggle." He
told reporters during a personal visit to the
British Borneo border area earlier in the year
that preparations were being made, but that
it was necessary to remain "coolheaded and
await orders" from President Sukarno.
Backing up any such all-out subversive or
insurgency effort stands a modern, billion
dollar Indonesian armed forces organized and
equipped for offensive operations by the
Soviet Union. Its 40,000-man navy operates
260 ships, totaling 360,000 tons. This fleet
includes one 19,000-ton heavy cruiser of the
Sverdlov class, with another due from Russia
In the near future; two Riga class frigates
mounting ship-to-ship guided missiles, ap-
proximately 20 submarines, 7 modern de-
stroyers, a Russian-built antisubmarine
helicopter squadron, with a second due to
arrive during 1963, around 80 motor torpedo
boats and a dozen patrol craft.
The Indonesian Air Force numbers 23,000
men and has about 100 Soviet Mig-15, 17 and
19 fighters, plus 18 long-range, twin-jet
1,200-mile-per-hour Mfg-21's. Bombers in-
clude 20 IL-28 turbojet aircraft and 10 pure
jet TV-16's with a range of nearly 5,000
miles. In addition, U.S. C-100's, Soviet
troop carriers, and C-47's provide a re-
spectable transport capability. The Indo-
nesians are reliably reported to have around
100 Soviet SA-2 "Guideline" surface-to-air
missiles. These are effective to 60,000 feet.
First displayed in Djakarta during the armed
forces day parade last October 5, they were
accompanied by a 200-man team of Russian
military specialists.
The army includes about 350.000 men
organized into some 130 battalions. Of
these, 20 have been supplied with American
infantry weapons. Others have Soviet equip-
ment and the remainder share a mixture of
arms purchased from more than a dozen
nations. An extensive paratroop training
program has been underway since last year
which produces 200 graduates each month.
Coupled with this alarming growth of
Soviet influence through massive programs
of military assistance and economic credits
is the country's steady drift to the left. In
the offing, though not yet implemented, Is
Sukarno's political concept to organize a
"Nasakom" cabinet which. would represent
what he calls the "three major elements of
Indonesian society-nationalism, religion and
communism." Naturally, this has the full
support of Mr. D. N. Aidit, the chairman of
the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
whose 2 million members constitute the
largest Communist party outside the bloc,
and of the giant leftwing "Sobel" Trade
Union Federation. This thinly veiled pro-
posal to bring the Communist into a coalition
government on equal terms with nationalist
and religious leaders has encountered polite
but firm opposition from the army, the
principal "nationalist" organization In the
country. However, the army was unable to
prevent the recently completed Afro-Asian
Journalists Conference from being converted
into an open forum for Communist propa-
ganda. Similarly, if economic conditions
continue to deteriorate, it may also be im-
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
fiction. About a month ago a report was
filed in the U.S. Senate by a subcommitee
of the Armed Services Committee. It is
known as the "Stennis committee" and is
composed of four Democrats and three Re-
publicans. That report which was unani-
mous was submitted only after many months
of careful investigation, and was based pri-
marily upon testimony of the intelligence
chiefs. However, 70 witnesses who hold no
official position and countless officials of
government were heard.
It is my opinion that in an effort to secure
a unanimous report on a controversial sub-
ject, the committee refrained from making
some deserved criticisms of the Central In-
telligence Agency and the other intelligence
officials of the military services. The facts
stated in that report, certainly cannot be
successfully denied and the report, because
of its judicial character, should have re-
ceived wider circulation.
I say the intelligence agencies deserved
criticism because when we now learn of the
missiles, tank and other Soviet weapons of
war in Cuba, we wonder what they were doing
when this equipment was being transported
by land in the Soviet Republic, loaded on
ships, taken more than half way around
the world to Cuba, and there unloaded, un-
crated and transported to selected bases.
This was not done overnight. Surely it
required many months, but according to the
record, it was not until the'summer of 1962
that this movement of weapons and equally
important movement of combat troops, re-
ceived serious attention from our intel-
ligence. Even then, according to the Stennis
committee, the information received was not
accurately evaluated. Why? Because many
of those charged with that duty had the con-
viction-not facts-mind you-that Khru-
shchev would not consider arming Cuba with
offensive weapons. This caused them to
place little credence in the continued reports
to them by Cuban exiles and others as to
the military buildup on our doorsteps.
How completely they were deceived is il-
lustrated by the committee's statement that
as late as "October 22 our intelligence people
estimated that there were from 8,000 to
10,000 Soviets in Cuba." They now say that
at the height of the buildup there were at
least 22,000 personnel on the island.
Today it is agreed by the intelligence serv-
ices that even prior to idly 1962 vast
amounts of Soviet military equipment had
been brought to Cuba and the Cuban Army
was one of the best equipped in Latin
America. This is their hindsight, but not
until photographic evidence was obtained
on October 14, did our intelligence finally
conclude that there were offensive missiles
on the island of Cuba. Now this was many
weeks after Senator KEATING of New York
and Senator TnuRMOND, of South Carolina,
had charged on the floor of the Senate that
strategic missiles had been placed by the
Soviets in Cuba, less than 90 miles from our
shores. These Senators were charged with
being warmongers and with making reckless
statements, even though it was obvious their
statements were based upon information
from the Pentagon. I am proud that one of
the two Senators who had the courage to
present the facts was a South Carolinian.
There is cause for fear when even a week
after the President's speech, in an unclassi-
fled brochure published by the Defense De-
partment, entitled "Cuba," the Soviet per-
sonnel on the island was estimated to be
only 5,000.
Before admitting a Cuban crisis, our of-
ficials wanted what they called "hard evi-
dence." That was secured by a U-2 recon-
naissance and in the taking of the pictures
a gallant South Carolinian, Major Anderson,
of Greenville, lost his life. Those pictures
convinced the President- and his security
aids of the duplicity of the Soviets.
Khrushchev had gone to extreme lengths
to put us to sleep and to keep us asleep.
Through a representative in the Soviet Em-
bassy he expressed the hope that Americans
would understand that any weapons he was
sending to Cuba were intended for defensive
purposes only.
After the President had received the pho-
tographic confirmation of the presence of
strategic missiles in Cuba, the Soviet For-
eign Minister Gromyko, called on the Presi-
dent. He discussed only the situation in
Berlin, obviously trying to divert the atten-
tion of the President from Cuba, which was
mentioned only incidentally. The President
read to Gromyko his warning issued a month
earlier that if Russia turned Cuba into an
offensive military base we would do "what-
ever must be done."
The Soviets believe that a successful dip-
lomat must be a successful liar. Gromyko
then demonstrated his talent by telling the
President Russia "would never become in-
volved in offensive military capability in
Cuba." With the photographs, the Presi-
dent had, he knew that statement was false.
He conferred with his security aids and with
the Joint Chiefs of Staff and determined
upon the course which on the evening of
October 22 he announced to the world.
As he spoke, I could hear the voice of
Teddy Roosevelt demanding respect for the
United States; I could recall hearing Wood-
row Wilson address the Congress in 1917,
urging with reluctance that we declare war
upon Ggrmany; I could hear Franklin
Roosevelt the day after Pearl Harbor calling
upon the Congress to recognize that a state
of war existed between the United States and
the Axis powers.
The people of the United States with una-
nimity expressed support of the Govern-
ment in the steps the President proposed to
take to put an end to the Khrushchev-
Castro threat to freedom. No man has ever
spoken from a position of such great power.
and strength as did the President on October
22. The moment he began, an order was
given in the Pentagon that resulted in an
immediate worldwide alert of the U.S. Mili-
tary Establishment. That included every
unit of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and
Air Force. It included our nuclear strength,
which admittedly is far superior to that of
the Soviets. That order was a shock to
Khrushchev, who respects only force.
There is some justification for believing
that ever since his first meeting with Presi-
dent Kennedy at Vienna, Khrushchev has
believed he could expect a softer attitude
from us. There is no other way of explain-
ing his unexpected action to make of Cuba
a Communist Gibraltar. As he proceeded
for 2 years to establish a bastion of military
power at our very door, with atomic power
sufficient to destroy not only the United
States but all of Latin America outside of
Cuba, he truly changed the balance of power
in the world. Instead of consuming a year
or two in building long-range missiles which
from bases in Russia could strike a target in
the United States, now he could use short-
range missiles from his Cuban bases to
destroy this hemisphere.
Suddenly he was confronted by the Presi-
dent with a demand to remove his weapons.
That demand was backed by action. He
yielded, to the gratification of every Ameri-
can. But what has happened since October
does not justify gratification; it does cause
some fears.
In the light of the duplicity which had
victimized us, the President, in his demand,
insisted upon the right to have "on-sight in-
spection" to assure removal of the offensive
weapons.
For years, in negotiations to restrict the
use of atomic weapons we have insisted upon
inspection by an international commission.
In view of this demand as to atomic bases
9737
in Russia, we could ask no less with the
actual threat in Cuba.
Last October the President, referring to
this subject stated "the United States in-
tends to follow closely the completion of
this work through a variety of means, in-
cluding aerial surveillance, until such time
as an equally satisfactory international
means of verification is effected."
When Khrushchev agreed to the removal
of the strategic weapons, he indicated agree-
ment to on-site inspection by United Na-
tions authorities. A few days later we were
told that Castro refused to agree and the
Soviets would have to support Castro's
position.
I am confident the Soviets could force
Castro to agree to the inspection at any time.
That was only an excuse. However, we aban-
doned our demand and no one of us is
certain of the number of Soviet weapons and
combat forces in Cuba today. -
Our embargo was removed in 30 days after
it was imposed. There was evidence while
it -lasted that certain weapons were removed
although there is no assurance that all of-
fensive weapons were removed or how many
have been brought in since that time. We
are told by our intelligence that it is im-
possible to know what weapons are hidden
in the caves of Cuba. Are we in any more
secure position today than we were prior
to October 22?
In view of the deliberate falsehoods told us
for 2 years, we cannot accept the word of
Khrushchev as to the character of weapons
there. There is an old Indian adage that
seems fitting:
"Fool me once, shame on you; fool me
twice, shame on me." -
The Soviets have fooled us not only twice
but on every occasion when it was to their
interest and they thought they could get
away with it. -
Our Cuban policy apparently has been to
isolate Cuba diplomatically and cripple her
economically. Apparently, it has been our
hope that the Soviets would Mind it economi-
cally burdensome, would tire of shouldering
the burden and abandon its interest in
Cuba. There is no justification for such
hopes. To Isolate the United States is part
of their long-range plan. Regardless of your
optimism, you must realize how futile is that
hope after the recent demonstration in
Moscow.
In the presence of thousands of spectators
Khrushchev pledged all-out support of his
Communist brother Castro and of Cuba.
This pledge has been heralded to the world.
Upon It Castro is certain to rely and may
act. Nor is there justification for the hope
that the Cuban people will revolt against
Castro while Soviet troops are there. The
people have the example of Hungary and East
Berlin. -
The permanent foothold of which Senator
Kennedy expressed fear in 1960 is now a
reality unless the United States shall take
steps to prevent it.
The Senate committee concluded its re-
port with this wise statement, "The' very
presence of the Soviets in Cuba affects ad-
versely our Nation's image and prestige. Our
friends abroad are certain to doubt our abil-
ity to meet and defeat the forces of com-
munism. thousands of miles across the ocean
if we prove unable to cope with the Commu-
nist threat at our very doorsteps." -
It is obvious that for similar reasons Latin
American Republics will conclude that we
are unable to protect them. They will be
subverted one by one until all of South
America is lost and the Communist goal of
isolating the United States has been at-
tained.
Responsible sources tell us that after
Khrushchev's agreement to remove offensive
weapons from Cuba, the United States re-
moved strategic weapons from its bases in
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE - June 6
Turkey. It Is said that this was done be-
cause our atomic submarines make the re-
tention of such bases no longer a necessity.
We hope this was a fact and not an excuse
for action that might appeal to the Soviets
as appeasement. Appeasement never stops a
war, It only postpones It.
Ambassador Chip Bolen, who In my opin-
ion is the best Informed American in public
life as to Russia and its people. Is credited
with having said that Khrushchev is fond
of quoting a Lenin adage that goes like this:
"If a man sticks out his bayonet and hits
cold steel, he pulls back, but if be strikes
mush, he keeps on pushing."
We have another fear: Sources usually re-
liable report that the Soviets are establish-
ing several submarine bases In Cuba. The
explanation offered for the harbor improve-
ments, is that it is for a fleet of fishing boats.
Because of the doubt that exists as to the
removal of offensive weapons; the number of
Soviet combat personnel brought into Cuba
recently, and the development of submarine
bases, the United States should renew the
demand by the President last October for
on-site Inspection by an international com-
mission.
Khrushchev knows that by his duplicity
he put us to sleep for more than a year.
He must not be allowed to think that when
we awoke last October we turned over and
went back to sleep.
This is not political criticism of the ad-
ministration. It has always been my belief
that In the field or foreign affairs there should
be no partisan politics. Wars are fought by
men of all political parties. Soviet bombs
from Cuba would make no political distinc-
tion among people.
Instead of looking to the past and indulg-
ing in charges and countercharges about the
responsibility for what are deemed mistakes,
we should look to the future and unite In
making secure the safety and freedom of our
people.
I am aware of the fear that any effort to
force Castro to submit to on-site inspection
may result In nuclear war. Khrushchev
knows of our fears and he has used it to
frighten us. But be is aware that if he at-
tacks us, with our superior atomic weapons.
we will destroy the Soviet Republic within
a few hours.
Should the President renew his demand
for on-site Inspection by an international
commission, the Soviet Premier may again
agree and persuade his puppet Castro to
agree. In such case, all fears on this score
would be removed.
If Khrushchev or Castro refuses, then I
hope the President will Immediately renew
his quarantine of Cuba by air and sea to
make certain that no more Soviet offensive
weapons or combat troops are landed in
Cuba. I suggest this action because the
President took such steps last October and
announced his Intention to follow through.
If these steps do not result in the removal
from Cuba of Soviet arms and troops, then
I hope the President, after conferring with
his military advisers, will take whatever
steps are necessary to force the withdrawal
of all Soviet offensive weapons and combat
troops and keep them out. The President
can act with the assurance that the peace-
ful but courageous people of the United
States will support any action he may take
to accomplish this and Insure the safety and
freedom of the people of this hemisphere.
toward the Castro-Soviet state, for onsite
inspections to uncover any Russian missiles
or other weaponry and, If necessary, a quar-
antine of Cuba enforced by a U.S. sea and air
fleet.
"If these steps do not result in the removal
of Soviet arms and troops, then I hope the
President, after conferring with his mili-
tary advisers, will take whatever steps are
necessary to force the withdrawal of all
Soviet offensive weapons from Cuba," Mr.
Byrnes said.
While Mr. Byrnes carefully disclaimed any
intention of criticizing the Kennedy ad-
ministration, the fact remains that the Presi-
dent has continually minimized the danger
from Cuba to the United States while allow-
ing the Monroe Doctrine to be 'destroyed.
No one aware of the Communist goal of
world domination can possibly doubt that
Russian troops and weapons In Cuba were
put there In the first place as a threat to
the United States; no one can possibly think
that their continued presence there does
not still pose a threat.
The threat will remain until the United
States wipes it out. That is what Mr.
Byrnes sees as necessary. That is what
millions of other Americans see as necessary,
too.
[From the Columbia (S.C.) State, June 5,
19691
WHO Wn.t LiarxN?
In addressing the graduates of Newberry
College Sunday, Governor, Justice, Secretary
of State-Assistant President James F. Byrnes
said the President should take whatever steps
may he necessary to force the withdrawal of
all Soviet offensive weapons and combat
troops from Cuba; that the President could
act with assurance that the people of this
country would support him In assuring the
safety and freedom of this hemisphere; that
Russia has deceived us whenever she could
get away with it; that the President's speech
of October 22 was equal to any in power and
was a shock to Khrushehev "who respects
only force," but that we had abandoned our
demand and "Khrushchev probably thinks
the sleeping United States awakened only
long enough to turn over and go back to
sleep."
Mr. Byrnes, as usual, Is right and justified.
It is also true that some of his words have
a familiar ring. Others. Including the State,
have long since pointed up the fact that the
Russians, who live by force, respect only
force.
Yet we persist In the wishy-washy, no-win
policy, making a show of courage only to
back down and leave the field to the aggres-
sors.
Mr. Byrnes has spoken well, as others have
spoken well. But who will listen? What
must it take to shake the leaders of this
country out of their apathy and timidity and
put them on the path of courage and de-
termination?
Perhaps, if enough respected and patriotic
citizens raise their voices in protest against
the present policies the continuous drip-drop
on the stony consciousness of the admin-
istration may wear down the passive resist-
ance to reason and awaken it to positive and
stalwart action. Mr. Byrnes has made his
contribution.
distinguished Representative of the First
District issues an important warning
against U.S. military aid to India at the
expense of our stanch ally, the Govern-
ment and people of Pakistan.
Mr. President, I had the opportunity
to visit Pakistan last fall and to have
conferences with many Pakistan offi-
cials, including President Ayub Khan.
This visit confirmed beyond any ques-
tion the value of this nation to the free
world and its sincere desire to continue
Its friendly relations with our country
if we will but permit her to continue to
be our ally and friend.
Pakistan is a nation which has risked
much to join the Western camp. It
borders on Afghanistan, India, and Iran,
and Is close to the Soviet Union. Of the
countries sharing a common border with
Pakistan, only Iran Is any way con-
nected with the Western World in the
struggle against communism. Afghani-
stan is virtually a puppet of the Soviet
Union, and until Red China attacked
neutralist, socialist India, India was
leaning heavily toward the Red side.
But, little Pakistan-and it is not so
little from the standpoint of population,
having more than 90 million inhabi-
tants--chose early to stand with the
Western World.
Our country has known for some time
of the bitter feuding, and at times, fight-
ing, which has ensued between Pakistan
and India over religious differences and
also over the Pakistan-oriented country
of Kashmir. The United Nations has
supported a plebiscite for the people of
Kashmir, but the Indian Government has
refused to permit such a plebiscite be-
cause the Indians know the results would
be against Indian wishes.
With the Pakistanis, their primary
concern as a nation is Kashmir and their
long fight with India. Communism is
also a threat, but each country is always
more concerned about its most Imme-
diate and primary threat-and in this
case it comes from India. In fact, while
I was in Pakistan last fall, Mr. Nehru
had more troops massed on the Pakistani
border than he did facing the Chinese
Reds who were waging war against In-
dian forces in the Himalayan Mountains.
When President Ayub Khan, of Paki-
stan, visited this country last year, he
received firm assurances from the Pres-
ident of the United States and the State
Department that our Government under-
stood his concern about India and the
possible additional threat which his
country might face if India were sup-
plied with arms from this country. He
maintains he was told that we would
consult with him before giving any arms
to India.
However, as soon as Mr. Nehru made
his first screams for aid against the Chi-
nese Communists, our country ran to
India's assistance. In fact, this was one
of the swiftest responses our country has
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I ever made to any act of Communist ag-
commend to the attention of my col- gression, and this aggression was not
leagues a news article from the News and directed at our Nation or that of an ally,
Courier of Charleston. S.C., dated June but rather at a pro-Red neutralist coun-
3, 1963, and entitled: "Indian Aggres- try. Our Government gave military aid
sion-Rivers Supports U.S. Arms Aid to Mr. Nehru and did so without consult-
to Pakistan." This article reports on a ing President Khan. We only gave him
-newsletter by Congressman L. MENDEL a perfunctory notice of the fact that aid
Rfvzas of South Carolina in which the was being given to his arch enemy.
4, 19631
BYRNES ON CUBAN THREAT
James F. Byrnes has put Into clear and
precise words the feeling of many, many
Americans who are concerned about Cuba.
Speaking at Newberry College commence-
ment exercises, South Carolina's senior
statesman called for a tougher U.S. policy
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