THE CUBAN QUESTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230055-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 43
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 55
• Publication Date: February 19, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

2342 CONGRESSIONAL R - i
"A second " requirement concerns a change marketplace is recognized for what it is, a Installed in Lulea. Giese rivate ex
-in the, efiterfa f granting aid. U.S. for- major pillar of free and prosperous societies, tions came after the President had
elgnaid policy is" a branch" of "U.S. foreign "EMILIO G. COLLADO, categorically in his press conference of
which should be directed toward "Vice President and Director, tember 13 that "these new shipments di.
policy
achieving specific foreign policy goals. By "Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. constitute a serious threat to any other
'arid large it has not been effectively used for "DAVID ROCKESELLER, of the hemisphere." Some 2 weeks late;
this purpose in Latin America. In its sim- "President, October 3, the Under Secretary of State,
plest terms, our goal in Latin America should "The Chase Manhattan Bank. Ball, gave to a congressional committs
be to help nations of the area grow econom- "WALTER B. WRISTON, summary of the intelligence informal
Ically while they retain internal political "Executive Vice President, which came from the CIA. The point of
freedom, and thus remain part of the West- "First National City Bank." " summary was that there were no offens
erti commun'ty of nations. Without eco- weapons in Cuba,
norsie growth the other goals will be much ~ But in fact there were. A week later,
more difficult-if not impossible-to achieve. THE CUBAN QUESTION 1 October 10, Senator KEATING insisted th.
In. order to get growth-which comes first F(Mr. LINDSAY (at the request of Mr, there were intermediate range missiles I
both in time and in relation to goals in- Cuba, and 5 days later the President re
BRUCE) was given permission to extend ceived the photographs which confirmed thk
volvingg redistribution of income-capital is
needed. Most of'this must come -from in- his remarks at this point in the RECORD charge.
ternaisources 'Thus foreign"aid 'sho`uld be and to include extraneous matter.) This is how Senator KEATING won the right.
used as an inducement to nations to adopt Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, because to be listened to, and this is why the ad-.
policies which will improve the business cli- of its importance I am today placing in ministration has now, belatedly, made the '
mate and thereb increase domestic savings the RECORD a column by Walter Lipp- right move, which is to arrange for consulta-
3. tion and an exchange of information between
and investments. The United States should mane entitled "On the Cuban Question Senator KEATING and the CIA.
concentrate its economic aid program in Today." In the Column Mr. Lippmann This should put an end to the unseemly
Countries that show the greatest inclination puts down his reasons for believing that controversy about who is telling the truth
to adopt measures to improve the rove"stment our distinguished colleague, the junior between a Senator of the United States and
climate, andd withhold aid front others until Senator from New York, Senator KEAT- the President of the United States. But I am
satisfactory performance has 17eeii demon- ING, has won the right to be listened to. not sure it will repair altogether the dam-
str
"fi,The he extent to which this policy would Mr. Lippmann states in his article that age done to public confidence by the mis-
differ from the present one in Latin America after too long a delay the administration leading information given out in September
call be seen by Indicating what it would not finally did what it should have done in and October. The administration may well
involve: have also to make a full explanation of what
the beginning, which was to arrange went wrong in September and early October.
"l.t'nless, there are overpowering liolit- for consultation and an exchange of in- Examining the remarkable intelligence
cal considerations," fife Unlteii States would formation between Senator KEATING and briefing by Mr. John Hughes of the Defense
not lend money or make grant`s iii countries the CIA. Mr. Lippmann goes on and Department, I find myself quite convinced
whic'h'
hich persist in policies which discourage states that no matter what the Consults- that our photographic intelligence is now re-
priv . i The e United united ? tion and exchange lead to he is not sure liable. But I am struck by the fact that
'`2. States would not grant it will repair altogether the, damage there was a blank space in Mr. Hughes' tes-
balance-of-payments loans of the flail-out timony for the period from September 5 to
variety though it should cooperate with the done to public confidence by the mis- October 14.
IMF Pn constructive balance of-payments leading information given out-by the Photographs taken on August 29 of the San
loans and stabilization programs, administration-in September and Octo Cristobal area and on September 5 at Sagua
p
`f$ The united Mates :, would not rovlde ber. la Grande show positively that no missile
foreign aid in such a way as to finance the The administration may well have also to sites had been built. The next photograph re-
e7tjlroprlation of privately owned, companies make a full explanation of what went wrong ferred to by Mr. Hughes is that of October 14.
in any field of endeavor in September and early October- It shows intermediate range missile sites be-
"On the posit vi side, the United States ing erected. This is the photograph which
would seek opportunities to get individual States Mr. Lippmann. precipitated the international crisis.
countries, startedtoward rapid growth. As- Mr. Lippmann's article is timely and Where, we are bound to ask, was our pho-
sistance on a relatively large scale would be I commend it to the attention of the tographic intelligence between September 5
focused in a few countries that appeared Members of the House and Senate: and October 14? That was when the ad-
n14st rage investments out measu and res nee establish ded t the ON THE CUBAN QUESTION TODAY o ministration was telling the country that
encourage in there were no offensive weapons in Cuba.
widest area of economic freedom. (By Walter Lippmann) This is the source of the infection which will
"Nowhere in the whole broad range of cur- In the past week the administration has have to be removed if full confidence is to be
rent economic ,problems is there one more gone to extraordinary lengths to win the restored.
compellingly significant for the - United country's confidence in the reliability of its Having said this, I would say that there is
States than that_of supporting the economic information about the military situation in no reason to doubt the thoroughness or the
and social advance, of our neighbors to the Cuba. Since the October confrontation there reliability of our photographic surveillance of
South. can, of course, be no lack of confidence in Cuba and of the sea around it. The situation
't We are persuaded that the most im- the President's courage and determination to Is extraordinary. We are depending on be-
portant way in which the United States can protect American interests once the facts of lug able to fly daily photographic reconnais-
help Is by exporting the ideas implicit in a a threat are established. sance planes at high and low altitude. In
free economy. Certainly, money or goods The crisis of confidence originates in what Cuba there are a large number of the latest
alone will not do the job. Free enterprise is happened in the 6 weeks before the October antiaircraft weapons manned by Soviet
the baste .o$ our own growth and 'it provided confrontation. During the month of Sep- soldiers.
t lie framework on which our social and tember and into October the administration We may say, how come? Up to the pres.
p6litical institutions, imperfect as they still was insisting that the Soviet Union had not ent-knock on wood-the Soviet antiaircraft
Are, have evolved. We feel certain that free brought offensive weapons into Cuba. Sen- gunners are not attacking our reconnaissance
enterprise can be tlieiasTs"of growth In Latin ator KEATING was insisting that they had. planes. They must be under orders from
Alnerica-hadee4 that there Is -'no known When he was found to have been right, there Moscow where it is well known that if the
alterxiatiye that still llerliits a sufstantial occurred a loss of confidence in the.admin- planes were attacked there would be an im-
ireature of diii c i freedom. istration's intelligence services which it is mediate reprisal.
' We also believe however, that to en- still struggling to repair. But where does this leave us? It leaves us
coilr ge Such an evolution fn 'Latin America With others, I have had firsthand experi- with a fragile revised version of the original
the nite4 States musrt change its role- ence which enables me to understand how Khrushchev-Kennedy agreement. In the key
fxpm prig that?,y emQfiasizes short run difficult it is to restore confidence once it letter of October 27, President Kennedy ac-
ecorlorpicpalliatives combined with recom- has been shaken. On two occasions it was cep?ted the following terms of settlement:
n en at o for, ws ping social and economic explained to me by high officials how re- The U.S.S.R. would remove offensive weapon
xpi 4rm to, one that places fete greatest liable was our photographic surveillance of systems under United Nations observation
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GQI G~RESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2341
[ iited Mates will be making a con libu- the greatest Incitnation to adopt measures
Lion to this project whether direct.izr in- to Improve the investment climate and with.
direct, and this Is intolerable. hold aid from others until satisfactory per-
To grant any amount of aid..to ,the fiance has been demonstrated.
Communist nation that has confiscated This is an important study and I hope
more than $1 billion worth of American that it receives the widest possible at-
property and has not paid a cent in tention.
compensation is utterly unthinkable. The text of the statement follows:
Mr. Speaker, while the subject of Cuba A ,rat. or ran ALLtexcz roa Paoaazas
Is under discussion, I wish to go on rec- Last spring, the Commerce Committee for
ord as being in complete disagreement the Alliance for Progress (COMAP) was
with the theory now apparently in vogue launched with a view to seeking ways in
in administration circles that no one but which American business could further the
the administration should discuss Cuba. Alliance. A few days ago, the Chairman of
In these days of managed news, I sin- the Committee-J. Peter Grace-submitted
cerely believe that it is the responsibility a report to the Commerce Department and
and duty of each citizen, and, particu- to other agencies, recommending certain
legislative
out the Alliance.
larly, each Member of Congress, to con- The e following g memorandum proposals relating sets the
ob-
structively discuss and, if necessary, as servations and conclusions of three members
in this case, dare to criticize the decisions of COMAP who, while agreeing with many
being made and carried out in our State of the points made in the Grace report feel
Department by the administration. that there are certain aspects of the problem
These men are not omniscient; their which need a somewhat different emphasis.
decisions are not sacrosanct. For this reason we feel justified in submit-
This Nation Is one of representative ting a separate commentary.
government, and as one Representative, We have become increasingly concerned
I object to our financing anti-American lest the Alliance for Progress fail to achieve
its objectives for lack of a proper focus for
policies. If this means that the Congress Its activities.
must cut off support for the Special "As one illustration, the Initial concept of
Fund, then this must be done. COMAP's role appears to have been directed
I have voiced my support of the at finding ways to meet the Punta del Este
United Nations in the past, as have the program of $300 million a year of net new
vast majority of Americans. However, U.S. private investment in Latin America by
this U.N. action demands a serious re- devising short-range measures on the part of
the United States to encourage such invest-
appraisal of our role in the U.N. My ment. If such measures would really get
deep concern has been voiced to the the Alliance off the ground, they might be
administration, and I sincerely hope that justised. But we are disturbed by the feel-
other Members of Congress will join in ing that even if such measures were taken,
expressing their disapproval. Cuba to- and were successful to inducing an expanded
day is a center for Communist subversive flow of V.F. investments into Latin America,
activities throughout the Western Hemi- the basic problem of making the area attrac-
8phere. Our every action must be to tive to local savers and investors would re-
weaken communism in Cuba, not main. Ih such a program ernm is
positive harm m by making local governm ents
strengthen It. feel even less urgency than they do now for
achieving a proper investment climate.
"What is needed Is a comprehensive reap-
A REAPPRAISAL OF THE ALLIANCE praisai, not of the broad objectives of the
FOR PROGRESS Alliance for Progress. but of the policies and
(Mr. LINDSAY (at the request of Mr. actions which will best achieve these objec-
BRUCE) was given permission to extend tives. The first year's sis a of -
Alliance saw heavy emphasis placed on govov-
his remarks at this point in the RacoliD ernment planning, government-to-govern-
and to include extraneous matter.) ment loans and grants, income redistribution
Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I am through tax and land reform, public housing,
deeply concerned over the future of the and other social welfare measures. Many of
Alliance for Progress. So far there has these atepi were commendable. Yet they
been very little progress, and too little forts were not In most cases accompanied by ef-
leadership from the United States. The which w push through economic reforms
would encourage private Initiative and
program cannot be allowed to continue enterprise. The continued outflow of pri-
to flounder. The future of the Western vate funds from Latin America is sufiictent
Hemisphere is at stake. proof of the critical character of the current
I am pleased to bring to the attention situation.
of my colleagues a memorandum pre- "Many countries In Latin America need so-
cial reforms as well as measures to provide
pared by three members of the Com- greater equality of opportunity. However,
merce Committee for the Alliance for there broad objectives cannot be achieved
Progress-COMAP: Emilio G. Collado, without a more rapid rate of economic ad-
vice president and director, Standard vane than now Is in prospect. And rapid
Oil Co. of New Jersey; David Rocke- economic growth cannot be achieved without
feller, president, the Chase Manhattan greater emphasis on the private sector. The
Bank; and Walter B. Wriston, executive fact is that some 80 percent of Latin Amer-
vice president, First National City Bank. ica s national income is today generated by
private activities. Consequently, the Al-
The authors call for a comprehensive {lane for Progress can succeed If-and only
reappraisal of the policies and actions it-it bull" upon this base and places far
that will help the Alliance for Progress greater emphasis on the encouragement of
to achieve Its basic objectives. They private initiative and investment, both local
urge that increased emphasis be placed and foreign.
on the ,"encouragement of private initto- "To reorient the Alliance for Progress in a
five and investment, both local and for- direction which offers promise of achieving behind the new policy, but also indicates
sign." It is their further belief that: its objections involves difficult and sweeping the tools available to the United States to
economic reforms. Currencies need to be help make It effective. The most important
The United States should concentrate its stabilized through measures to bring govern- of these tools would be the U.S. foreign
economic aid program In countries that show meat budgets under control and to avoid in- aid program.
flationary increases in the supply of money.
and credit. Efforts along these lines could
lead to the removal of the many exchange
controls which still remain and which in-
hibit economic growth in many nations. At
the same time, governments should act to
remove the network of other controls which
restrict enterprise and sustain local, high-
cost monopolies. Economic growth, and the
real benefits to all participants in the com-
munity which can accrue from growth, are
maximized in an atmosphere of political and
economic stability under which competitive
private enterprise can thrive.
"In a very real sense, the Alliance for
Progress is concerned with the age-old prob-
lem of trying to bake a bigger pie and divide
the slices more evenly at the same time. The
emphasis to datehas been mostly on the side
of slicing the pie. While such efforts may be
desirable in the long run, the immediate ef-
fect has been to shrink the potential size of
the pie. Experience around the world shows
clearly that the national welfare is better
served by far through policies which enlarge
the entire pie.
"To accelerate economic advance in Latin
America, efforts on many fronts will be re-
quired. Governments have important roles
to play-in such areas as schools, health,
farm extension services and roads. However,
the overriding needs is for an increased flow
of private capital from both local and for-
eign sources and for a significant and con-
tinuing improvement in the efficiency with
which all resources, including most im-
portantly human resources, are used.
"For these reasons, we urge that U.S.
policies be reoriented to place far greater
emphasis on the encouragement of private
enterprise and Investment. What has been
done to date along these lines is simply not
enough. The encouragement of private en-
terprise, local and foreign, must become the
main thrust of the Alliance. This would in-
volve two major changes in U.S. policy.
"The first requirement is that the govern-
ments-and, as far as possible, the people-
of Latin America know that the United
States has changed its policy so as to put
primary stress on improvement in the gen-
eral business climate as a prerequisite for
social development and 4eform. It must be
made clear that U.S. policy in this hemi-
sphere Is based on the need for rapid eco-
nomic growth and on the belief, confirmed
by all available evidence, that this can be
achieved within a reasonably free political
framework only if private capital is given the
opportunity to work in a favorable environ-
ment. This means that our policies should
be consistent throughout the area and should
discourage tendencies toward nationaliza-
tion of industries and encourage setting up
explicit rules which provide for truly reason-
able indemnification where nationalization
has taken place.
"In addition we should discourage policies
which tend to distort normal economic rela-
tionships-policies leading to overvalued,
and multivalued exchange systems, complex
import controls with high and highly vari-
able traiffs, quotas and other forms of trade
restriction. price controls and highly unpre-
dictable budgetary practice. In short,
emphasis should be placed on creating an
atmosphere in which private business plan-
ning can go on without undue concern about
possible changes in the rules of the game.
Countries following these policies should be
given tangible and active support.
"To make this position clear and unam-
biguous, it would be necessary for the Presi-
dent to proclaim it in a major address in
which he not only spells out the rationale
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wauldzgive assurances against an nvas on of is entitled1 to the highest honor in his pro- often opportunities los , par 1curarly in
Cubaa The VAS.-TA.- removed -t12 m sslies," tension; ` safeguarding our natural resources."
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quer, tine But Castro would not permit man who has served them so well for the The legislation I am presenting today
V tesl7atsns osexyers to come to Cuba, "past 19 years. Is a far-reaching proposal which pro-
an a uenn ly the Mitec Mates would Mr. Love was born in south Dakota and vides for today's recreation needs while
gfve no assurances against invasion. reared in Iowa. He attended Iowa state anticipating those of, the near future.
What we have now isa substitute for the Tracl}ers College and Iowa State College, While the bill is fundamentally the same
original aggreexnen' We are a1;Ye to"carry on earning his bachelor of arts degree from 'as the one submitted last year, the new
photographic reconnaissance without Inter- the teachers college in 1924. During World version authorizes a program for 50 per-
ferenc froxii the 4ovietantiaircrrairt weapons W. r I he served in the U.S. Navy. Cent .matching grants to the States for
And Cubs is getting, in lieu of a t S "guar- The new master editor-publisher came to planning, and 30-percent grants for
antee against invasion, a buildup of its de Idaho in 1925 to serve as superintendent of .p
acquisition and development of needed
Pensive capabllitles. moth Moscow and schools at, Fairfield, a post he held for 2
Washington know'tliat this atrang! womklrig years. He coached athletics at Halley for a outdoor recreation resources. The
arrangeifieat cannot be upset deliberately year, and was an instructor in the Wendell States will share the funds available in
without bringing on amuch mightier Con- school, for 2 years before leaving the teach- the following manner: one-fifth divided
frontation than that of last 6ctaber in rofession because of disability
P physical -? equally, three-fifths apportioned on
e married Ileleil shuey of Wendell at
Ich#1e1s1 ' in 1929 The 'couple nave two the basis of population, and one-fifth
CLOSE REI,A' It 1X HIP BHfi EI;I~ children, a son, John, employed by Ball allocated according to need.
REk?RESIITTI3IES AID PLSH Products Co Boulder, Colo., and a laugh "'In order for a State to qualify for as-
:.of
OF WEE I'2' ?AP lRS ter, Mrs. Judith Abraham, a student at Kan_ sistance, it must have a comprehensive
saa City Art Institute. statewide outdoor recreation plan, and
(Mr. HARD - (at the request of lvlr prom 1933 to 1844 lylr. Love was assessor . the States are eligible to receive assist-
-,to ex- w given permiss on to ex- oim Gooding County, resigning In his sixth ante in the preparation of such a plan
tend his remarks at this oint in the ter to assume ownership of the Lincoln
i? and for the training of necessary per-
ZECORD and t in de
clu extraneous mat- County Journal. sonnel. Also, in anticipation of escalat-
ter,) He Pounded the Gooding Independent in ing prices for the future acquisition of
Mr. EARL INZ . 1S!i`r. S , Baker " one of 1936 and owned the paper until 1940, at
_ i which time it was sold and merged with the land for recreational purposes, the bill
the privileges of serving a congressional Gooding Leader.' He is a charter member limits expenditures for State develop-
district in the Nation S Capital is the of-the Gooding Lions Club and served as its ment work for the next 10 years to 10
close relationship that a tongressmari president just before coming to Shoshone. percent of the funds available for State
has with the publishers of weekly`papers Mr. Love was commander of the Shoshone assistance. The funds provided by this 11 in his district. American Legion Post in 1949, and was bill will also be available for acquisition
boring the past couple o_ years 1 have 'elected district commander in 1950. He is of land and water which is authorized
Come to know and to aflmirethe publish- also a past president of the Shoshone Cham- for areas of the national park system
er o of f a small newspaper in , Shoshone, ber of Commerce and the Shoshone Rotary
I aHerb,ove Club. From 1955 to 1959 he served on the and areas administered by the Secretary
r Shoshone City Council. of the Interior for outdoor recreation
This man can'best be described by the p,U Loye purchased the Journal from purposes; the national forest system;
inscription on a plague recently pre- Glen Maxwell in May of 1944 and operated purposes of national areas for the pres-
se tted to him by the Idaho tress As so- the paper for almost 19 years.
ervation of species of fish or wildlife
ciation which be w? upon him the lie was president of the Idaho Press Asao-
o. - threatened with extinction; and inciden-
Master Edl1' r-P i is r AW_ r which iS elation in 1948, and was a director of the
Icraho Newspaper Advertising Service for two tai recreation purposes in connection
the highest honor file week press Can terms before being elected president of that with national fish and wildlife conserva-
bestow upon one of its members. organization. tion areas as authorized by law.
The inscription reads Mr. and Mrs. Love will remain In Sho- Revenue sources provided by the bill
He has y, orke lived honestly, shone, but plan an extended trip through include proceeds from entrance, admis-
thought soundly, influenced wisely, and is Colorado, Texas, and Florida this winter.
entitled to the pro- Sion, and other recreation user fees or
highest lfonor in fila
fesslon, charges established by the President for
Federal land and'water. areas; proceeds
~GF e
Mr. Speaker, I would like to include The Lincoln County Journal was awarded from the sale of Federal surplus real
at this point in the RECORD the account first place for general excellence in its circu- property; and the proceeds of the 4-
of the awarding of this honor to Herb latfon bracket at the press association's an- cent-per-gallon tax on gasoline and
~Iove as it ia. reported in the Lincoln noel convention in Boise last weekend. special motor fuels used in motorboats.
County Journal of January 17,,1963 ,.. `Tile Journal has now won the top award While the Treasury will hold a portion
This excellent county paper is now for 4 years in succession.
being published by a young and ever- Contest judges were publishers and press of these revenues for acquisition of addi-
geticnewspaperman, John George, who association managers in Arizona, Montana, tional lands at Federal and federally as-
gives every indication of also becoming Nevada, and Washington. silted projects, the greater portion would
be used to help finance State and Federal
one of Idaho's, ortytstanding weefcI pub-
ushers. programs.
,A !BILL TO ESTABLISH A LAND AND For the purpose of assuring the financ-
The, above-mentioned fob
IDAHO'S HIGHEST ,19T AI,I$M p row AWRRDED (Mr. ST. GERMAIN (at the FUND pre of the program when the States are pared 1 WATER CONSERVATION
xo EDITo I;g i flrlE tend hisDremarks i t the request of asul 60tilonn, advance
~Mr en permission to appropriations o of $ $60 million a year for
The highest honor that the Idaho Press
Association cah b stols.on 9 e,Qf its , em- - this point in the 8 years are authorized beginning with
-bers, the Master editor Publisher Award, RECORD and to include extraneous mat- the third year, with provision for repay-
merit from one-half of the revenues
was presented"to,herb. H ove Saturday ter.)
night. The award crowns a journalistic Zvlr. ST. GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, the available to the fund. The fund will be
career of 23years used in the proportion of 60 percent for
Editp a ,and-publishers "thr,ot}hoot Idaho, "`measure I am introducing today, a bill
State purposes and 40 percent either way
assembled at .Motel ]poise f a- b I}uet at to establish a land and water conser-
the conclusion oS their axl i 1, egting, Ovation fund, embodies the administra- depending on need.
vigorously applauded their approval when bon's program to further provide for the This measure is in complete accord
the name of the wile ex v ss xi ?c ii outdoor recreation needs pf the Nation. with the recommendations of the Out-
door honor ls.on that not , ^ghtlY given. door Recreation Resources Review Com-
_In his conservation message last year,
Winners are 41t&iney a selection com president Kennedy warned that our mission. It is fiscally sound and for-
mitte of Tdalo eix9rs., punishers present sources of recreation are not ward looking. I am hopeful, Mr.
The, f ixscxipton on the plaque presented adequate to meet current demands. It Speaker, that it will receive favorable ac-
he-4a devotion and talent
Mrs, Love given to journalism in these words: Is his view and mine that we must take tion at this session of Congress and that
es xrnzlced hacc z lived honorably, positive action now, for as he wisely the country will be able to realize its
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No. 23 --12
 EDMpx~sox) ~` givenppeerm'lssfon to
extend his r i t tT'iis pofrr# in the
RECORD,` include extraneous
Mr.TAYL OR r.: Pea'ker, citizens
the
of North Carols a_an _ veov le Wednesday
Nation were` saddened as Wednesday
by the death of former 'U s. Senator
Robert Rice Reynolds at his home In
Asheville, N.C.
W. Reyn-o~,lyds represented North Caro-
lina in the O .S, Se to f cgn `1933 until
his retirement from e enate in 1945.
He ranks among the most: colorful and
Controversial figures In. nerican ,ppooTiti-
hlstory? He stormed_asl- Ington
h. a grandeur perhaps never to-be
licated. He was different and glam-
and those about hun` 'quickly
Jvluzed it.
hats no other 'U, Senator brought
ashington such a wide variety of
fence as did Robert R. Reynolds.
h beeet a professional wrestler, a
coach, a war correspondent, an
i r, an actor, a motion-picture pro-
duci r, and a criminal lawyer. ie loved
S Life , end his earlicstr ~paalitical
were conducted traveling iy
the. North Carolina mountains.
earance In the Nation s Capital
low his Iair)ous cam Iii3Z
4 1x_, launched with $20 nc'[ a`'I"-
I Ford purchased on the Sim in't
His majority in the election was
`of the largest in North-CarolIna's
He arrived In'- a. ion In
",rus y and trusty" Fiord and owed
a hesitation in driving it. to 'White
House teas and other black tie occasions.
When he returned to loo oflna
d tha he had t en s lthful
Poi the . ' ital and Parlsed ` be-it -, een two acs i million dollar
riage Which r. Hoover li& 'Yul and
it rolled its mud-splattered eyes
ii and looked up at hirr- an ,.saEd;
ain't we in society now.'
' Reynolds` stories, Similar to the
e, are told all over Forth Caro-
&. ley are told here in t 'ashington.
e ..pill be remembered a e a ?Tegendary
i fff . e Blue Ridgequn~~.aans
ec onately known as ` dur oli' by
friends back home and sometimes refer-
3 d tq as 'Buncombe Bob "''"-Mhator
Reynolds was the founder 0? lie Ammeri-
ationaTjst Party- in 1941 and rose to
W chairmanship of the Senaa Military
r
s Committee.
great deal morecould be said about
tae upcom lishments and activities and
of Senator Reynolds as a
e; o ongress, but r wish to touch
brl-,on the human qualities of this
1foreDiii American citizen.
fi gincerely concerned for the
,vefte fie re resented. His personality
c' his charm, warm and
snaps his greatest attribute,
31ow ,was that he never forgot his
onalit keen sense of hu-
loyalty to his friends endeared
1Tie gel'~p1e of North Carolina.
"~'' Rob ynolds loved life and he lived It
PANAMA CANAL PR OG'FtABTINATION
PERILOUS
(Mr. i WOD (at the request;of Mr.
Th,MOKDSoa) was given -pertTssion to
extend his remarks at this pohit_In the
RECORD and to Include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, it has been
aptly stated that the history of the Pan-
ama Canal Is one of continuing crises.
those of key character concern the
best site and the best type. known `as the
battle of routes ahd battle of the levels.
Moreover, this pattern of struggle re-
appears periodically, and since 1947 the
question of the proper moderniiition of
the Panama Canal has been beset with
repetitions of these old controversies In
slightly modified forms.
Over a period of years, a number of
Members of the Congress, several in the
House but only one in the Senate, who
have. made serious studies of the canal
question and recognized its magnitude,
have introduced bills to create the Inter-
oceanic Canals Commission. In so do-
ing, It was their purpose to provide an
effective agency to develop a timely, deft-
nite, and wisely reasoned isthmian canal
policy, which the Congress and the Na-
tion can accept and which time and usage
will justify.
Unfortunately, this task has been
complicated immeasurably by the ratifi-
cation In 1955 of a secretly, contrived
canal treaty between the hulled States
and Panama and by the nationalization
in 1956 of the Suez Canal by Egypt.
Despite the inherent differences between
the juridical foundations of the two In-
teroceanfc canals;-this action by Egypt
served to evoke a chain of aggressive na-
tionalistic and communistic revolution-
ary inspired agitations in Panama, some
of.thein marked by mob violence led by
well-trained`-Teaders. The' Tong-range
objectives of this revolutionary move-
ment Is the wresting of the sovereign
control of file Panariia "Canal from the
'United States and the extortion of great-
ii benefits from the toll revenues. The
only basis for such alms Is that Inherent
in' Panama's geographical location,
which Is adjacent to the Canal Zone ter-
ritory. The' difficulties of -securing in-
creased transit capacity have now be-
come severely aggravated by'the neces-
sity for safeguarding the sovereignty
and jurisdiction of the United States
over the' Panama Canal" and the Canal
Zone.
As a start In this direction, I made a
series of major addresses in the House
beginning in 1951 and continuing up to
the present Congress. These Included,
In comprehensive detail, the diplomatic
and legislative history of the acquisition
by the tinted States in 19114 of our ter-
ritorial possession known as the Panama
Canal Zone.
Though 'these efforts were generally
Ignored In the mass news media of the
United States or.-when presented, had
their meaning --distorted, they were
prominently featured in the press of
nama.'especlefy in the Spanish lan-
guage papers, Which r follow closely.
Through the latter, they have produced
echoes from various countries of Latin
America.
The failure on the part of elements In
our Department of State to stop thedep-
redations of isthmian agitators by means
of forthright declarations of U.S. policy,
in the course of time, has led to a chain
of diplomatic victories by Panama, mak-
ing the United States a laughing stock
in the Western Hemisphere. So confi-
dent did anti-U.S. extremists become
that the Panamanian National Assembly
even attempted to encircle the Canal
Zone by enacting legislation extending
the 3-mile limit to 12 miles, with Panama
controlling the water at each end of the
zone's 3-mile limit, which could have
made that waterway another Berlin.
This attempt, our Government very
promptly and properly refused to recog-
nize, but friction resulted.
- The radical leadership in the Panama
National Assembly, which includes some
Marxist-Leninists, obviously understood
the significance of my researches in the
exposure of their schemes and did not
stop with the attempted encirclement of
the Canal Zone. It followed up by giving
me the unique distinction of being for-
mally declared as public enemy No. 1 of
Panama.
The situation on the isthmus was wor-
ened on Septemer 17, 1960, when the
President of the United States, in a mis-
taken gesture of friendship, by an Exec-
utive order soon after the adjournment
of the Congress, directed the formal dis-
play of the Panamanian flag outside the
flag of the United States at one place in
the Canal Zone as evidence of a so-called
titular sovereignty of Panama over the
zone. This unfortunate precedent of
striking the American flag in the Canal
Zone, as predicted by me on the floor of
the House, merely served to open the
door, for in Panama and elsewhere, the
action was interpreted as a belated
United States recognition of Pana-
manian sovereignty.
In this connection, Mr. Speaker, I
would invite attention to the fact that
on February 2, 1960, after full debate,
the House of Representatives approved
House Concurrent Resolution 459, 86th
Congress, against such display by the
overwhelming vote of 381 to 12, which
was transmitted to the Senate but, for
reasons not published, was never acted
-upon by that body. In addition, the
Congress passed the Gross amendment
to the Department of Commerce Appro-
priations Act prohibiting the expendi-
ture of funds embraced in the act for
such purpose. No wonder isthmian ex-
tremists became emboldened and arro-
gant.
Under these circumstances, the neces-
sity for an effective counterpoise to Pan-
ama became clearly evident. This com-
pensating force developed in the form of
growing demands for a second canal at
-Ricaragua,The ancient rival of the Pan-
amanian site, and elsewhere. In an ad-
dress to the House on June 30, 1960, I
undertook to give a comprehensive de-
scription of the Nicaraguan project,
which was largely based on a 1931 re-
port-House Document No. 139, 72d Con-
gress-and to advocate its consideration.
The second canal idea, thus stimulated,
served as an antidote for Castroism in
-Panama and to still some of the violent
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I
city of e ort (,
ouro Synagogue Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on Feb- Bohemia thus became Bohemia Libre in
S tie Qert unagogue in the United ruary 8, 1963, the Washington Daily exile and in sheer vitriol outdid all other
States, aTld'- it this year marking the N..... nnhlicherl an article entitled "Has Castro critics (no mean feat, these days).
OP T6uro Ynagbgue, in my home LIBRE ags an are y m p
So he joined the exiles.
`
`
wy .:t nee
was ofleredv 'b 6y !tabbi Theodore SUBSIDIZATION OF BOHEMIA plant and Publisher Quevedo packed his
b d b 1 ade the lane
200tA anniversary of iIS Ioul1ULilg. -" CIA Killed Anti-Castro Mag?"
tantls tod as a symbol of ari often= The article describes the publication
fprgotten ri lit iri American society-the Bohemia Libre and the extent of its sub-
right to be ifl``erent sidization by the U.S. Central Intelli-
it- is most ht mg that we' note this Bence Agency. The article reports that
American right and this anniversary to- the subsidy apparently has been with-
day because_ thiss week has also been des- drawn.
ignated ,as Brotherhood Week, a time At one point the article states:
when we pause to extend the hand of According to this magazine's staffer, Bo-
friendsl ip anal understanding to all hemia Libre furnished a U.S. Senator with
Americans whatever their differences of
photos of the Russian buildup in Cuba and
iace,, Color or creed. Rabbi Lewis comes that didn't help the administration either.
to us today-as the living embodiment of The Senator he named is currently a Demo-
all these traditions, handed down now crat.
through two centuries of` 'Y'ouro Syna- I do not know why my name was not
gogue's proild history' of service to her used directly by the newspaper, when it
congreg Lion, to, our `city, and to the was the senior Senator from Oregon who
Nat?On.,
obviously was involved.
and haply indeed to welcome him to To set the record straight, I wish to
the Senate today say that these photographs were not fur-
? ~- " risled tome; they were offered to me I
, ,thrrI A~tlt~ v 0 AEI=go , ~' A ' respoflded 5y suggesting that the plc
t (V IOIAl A " A N D tures be taken to the appropriate mtelli-
AUT
C,{A.LII--I N A gence agencies of the U.S. Government.
As-a member of the Committee on For
Mr 1 Of,LAN 1~2r resident, on eign Relations, that was the only appro-
February I announced" that t ie legisla- priate response that I could make, or
"lures of six States had approved the should have made, to the offerer of the
anti-poll tax amendment which the photographs.
Y$7t11 Congress_ Tsubmitted for ratifica- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
tion last, year. sent to have printed at this point in the
TOSIav, Mr. President I am Happy to RECORD the text of the newspaper arti-
,rvannounce that the legislatures of two ele, the telegram I received on January
more States- have ratified 'the amend= 24 from the publisher of Bohemia-Libre,
rnriit, making eight States in all which and my reply to him dated January 30.
tiave- aced favorably. - They_ are the There being no objection, the material
State of~ Montana, which approved its was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
'atifying resolution by a vo e 6f I to , as follows:
# It is an irony, say Cuban exiles, that Bo-
hemia now is portrayed in the very role it
accused U.S. newsmen of playing: agent of
the CIA.
There's no doubt that Bohemia Libre's
spectacular format and content-it's a sort
of hot-licks, Police Gazette version of Life
magazine-made effective propaganda in sev-
eral Caribbean areas, as well as among Cuban
exiles in the United States, at least until the
Bay of Pigs disaster in April, 1961.
There is also no doubt that since then, it
has been not so sharp a tool. But, there is
also no doubt that the Red propagandists in
Havana would crow over its final demise.
Here are several, versions of why Bohemia
hasn't been going to press recently:
1. A -cartoon of the Kennedy family sched-
uled for page 1 on January 1, was so insult-
ing that the CIA lowered the boom.
2. That knowledge of CIA support had
-leaked so that it had ruined the. magazine's
effectiveness.
3. That the magazine has simply lost its
effectiveness anyway, since the groups it sup-
-ported lost the Say of Pigs battle.
4. That if the actual size of the CIA's sub-
sidy of Bohemia Libre got into the hands of
Congress, it would embarass the Kennedy
administration-and the CIA-just about as
thoroughly as the Bay of pigs disaster itself.
5. White H-ouse adviser Arthur Schlesinger
found Bohemia Libre "too conservative," ac-
cording to one of the magazine's editorial
workers, who also said there were financial
problems.
According to this magazine's staffer, Bohe-
mia Libre furnished a U.S. Senator with
photos of the Russian buildup in Cuba and
that didn't help with the administration,
either. The Senator he named is currently
a Democrat.
. _ __. A MILLION
the t ontana'Assemb1yha' Vmg approved [From the Washington Daily News, Feb. 8,
its resolution-6 days" earlier, on January 1969]
22, by a vote of-S6 to 3`l; and-the Sate DEATH OF A BOHEMIAN-HAS CIA KILLED
bt "California, whose legislature, I have ANTI-CASTRO MAG?
.)een informed as approved the amend- Bohemia Libre, sensational anti-Castro
merit, the California Senate by a vote of weekly magazine, has quit publishing and
,24 to 0 and the California House' by a some say the CIA blew the whistle on it.
vote of 'fb to 3, final ratification-becoming At any rate, publication has been suspended.
efPective on February 7, 1063. For how long, nobody knows; it may be for-
MrPresident, especially wish to ex= ever.
Reports from Miami's Cuban colony are
press my "appreciation to our distiri- that the Central Intelligence Agency had
guished majority leader, the senior Sell- been subsidizing it, and a couple of weeks
'ator from Montana [Mr. MANSFIELDI, ago, got tired. CIA itself doesn't care to
who directed much time and efTort intlie discuss rumors.
last few weeks to working with e 16a d- Bohemia, one of the most spectacular an
erg of the Montana Legislature in obtain successful Spanish language periodicals in
Ing favorable action on the amendment. the Western Hemisphere when it was pub-
aS istaricelast year_ino' ta1ning Sen lashed in its palatial plant in Havana, idolized
11s t'
,ate action herewas and ssensable. Castro both before and after he took over
I also wishti ,11 r l resl ent to extend
1. FERVID SUPPORT
any appreciaon my is inguis ed During Bohemia's Havana days, its odd-
--friend, the junior Senator from-Mon- ball publisher, Don Miguel Angel Quevedo,
tana [Mr. METCALFI, who cosponsored, from his exotic modern office paneled in rare
vigorously supported, and has worked woods, complete with. lavish washroom with
2gflally, hard for ratification of the lavender bidet, directed uncritical and fer-
amendment by ' the legislature of his vid support for whatever Fidel said or did.
;,St' f, _ ' ' Bohemia gave U.S. newsmen covering
Also, Mr President wish to express Cuba,-such as the famous Latin America
m ei]t al y' warm appreciation to the Reporter Jules duBois of the Chicago Trib-long as they
tWo dfstingu;'3~led S`ei1,t0is from Cali- ymp sympathized with Castro's revolution. When
t0 & [Mr. UCInEL and Mr.' NGLE1 Who they became disillusioned, Bohemia exposed
8150 have Worke4 valiantly from the Very the same U.S. reporters as spies, agents, and
beginning in truly bipartisan spirit to colonels in the CIA.
Obtain the gratifyingf results which have Finally Castro's Red-glared eyes covetously
`
OccurrQd in their r_Ste. `focused on Bohemia's expensive printing
eatt
As to the size of the alleged subsidy; de-
pending on who's talking, CIA spent more
than a million dollars on Bohemia Libre, or
spent $2,500 a week on it for a couple of years,
or paid just the office rent-$2,400 a month.
Bohemia Libre may not be as dead as its
recent failures to publish indicate. Bohe-
mia's boss and staff are well known as lively
and resourceful people among such interests
as sugar, rum and various export firms, and
recently Publisher Quevedo was in Puerto
Rico reportedly trying to interest the "state-
-hood-for-Puerto Rico" group. Mr. Quevedo
also has his eye on certain interests in the
Dominican Republic and in Venezuela as
possible angels.
So far, reports have it, no angels are flying.
JANUARY 30, 1963.
Mr, MIGUEL ANGEL QUEVEDO,
Editor and Publisher,
New York, N.Y.
DEAR' M. AiNGtL QuEVEDO: - I have your
telegram of January 24 offering me a collee-
tion of photographs on Cuba's military
strength.
Although I appreciate your support oi? my
course of action in regard to Cuba anc7 the
spirit in which your telegram was sint, I
suggest that it would be more useful tomake
these photographs available to qjbncles
of the Government who are responole for
Sincerely yours, f
WAYN$`'IORSE.
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l2i 283
on vocational es anti the very anticipated that tomorrow the Senate youth, and that they have displayed typ-
Great role vocatio cation play. will consider nominations oil the I._America73 ingenuity to further a
but is Wt now play ng, In provi > utive Calendar; committee .assign- worthwlliie.cause. They have demon-
our po .,pie f ask" i
for
a ous ts, rand selection of chairmen of strata
the national
tl3ia in preserving his
consent that. dltor ~e p{ li pnittees;. and also a. continuing reso- ideals, which we .ass plate with the -
this point in t e ECO&D, an I yie the lotion for the special committees whose tort' of. our, COU?ltry ..This is the spirit
floor, authority has expired. of cooperation which has helped to build
There being no objection, the editorial the frontier. whether it be old or new. It
was ordered to be printed in the; )lzcoan,, is very much alive today.
Andes Mountains. These students were
well aware of the lack of adequate cloth-
ing in that remote village because for-
mar student leader, Walter VandeVee-
gaete, is now serving there in the Peace
Corps.
I am most happy to report that this
combination of youthful spirits and hu-
niaflitarlan purpose found a sympathetic
and enthusiastic reception In .,the hearts
of Wyoming's citizens. These students
set out yesterday to walk-in 1 day-
from Powell to Cody, Wyo., and return,
a distance in excess of 50 miles. And
when the eight survivors, including two
young women, struggled across the finish
line they were met by the news that more
than I ton of clothing had already
been collected and ' much more was on
the way. One of the marchers, Inciden-
tally, was Walter VandeVeegaete's sister,
Ramona.
Mr. President, we have heard much in
recent years about thg sad_ gttte of our
y ftli They grove up in luxury' critics
say, and are soft and sel$sh, neither un-
derstanding or caring-'about the tradi-
tions that made this country great. The
activities of the Peace Corps and the
tremendous job done by our youth, in
less U. fan normal American living condi-
tions, was the first large-scale event to
give the lie to this criticism of our youth.
I would that our adults could, matC1i
our youth? not only In education, but in
Ingenuity in Ideas.
The activities of the college students
In Powell, Wyo., have served as further
evidence that our national ideals are still
strong in the hearts and souls of our
DEATH OF OTTO D. SCHMIDT,
RECIPIENT OF CONGRESSIONAL
MEDAL OF HONOR
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, in
1906, while in the service of the U.S.
Navy, Otto D. Schmidt reacted heroically
to the explosion of a boiler aboard the
U.S.S._ Bennington. For his actions in
saving the lives of a number of the crew,
he was awarded the Congressional Medal
of Honor, this Nation's highest military
honor.
From 1922 until his retirement in 1948,
Mr. Schmidt was an employee of the
post office in Norfolk, Nebr. He walked
some 69 000 miles carrying the mail to
his neighbors in Norfolk.
Mr. Schmidt served his country hon-
orably both as a seaman and a civilian.
On Sunday, February 10, 1963, he passed
away. His death reduced the number
of those awarded the Congressional
Medal of Honor now living to 290, only
14 of whom are peacetime recipients.
Mr. Schmidt was the Iast living Nebras-
kan to be given this medal.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD the
article about Mr. Otto D. Schmidt. of
Blair, Nebr., published in the Nor-
folk, Nebr., Daily News.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be published in the
RECORD, as follows:
Bx-NORFOLK MEDAL or HONOR Halo Is DEAD
Otto D. Schmidt. 78. Blair, the only Nor-
folk resident ever to wear the Congressional
Medal of Honor, died Sunday at Blair after
a lingering illness.
Funeral arrangements are pending.
Mr. Schmidt, a retired Norfolk mail car-
rier, was awarded the Congressional Medal
of Honor along with nine other Navy men
for heroism in the explosion of a boiler In
the U.S.8 Bennington off the coast of San
Diego In 1906.
After the explosion, which killed 113 of
the 138 men aboard, Mr. Schmidt ran to the
deck and helped rescue some of the wounded.
He also went into the blast-wrecked boiler-
room and pulled out Injured men.
For a few years before World War II, Mr.
Schmidt had the distinction of being the
only resident of Nebraska to wear the Con-
gressional Medal of Honor.
He came to Norfolk In 1917 and started
working for the post office in 1922. He re-
tired August 31. 1948, after having walked
about 69.000 miles.
After his retirement at Norfolk Mr.
Schmidt went to Blair to live.
He Is survived by one son, Dale, of San
Monica. He was preceded in death by his
wife.
COMMENT ON PRAYER OFFERED
TODAY BY RABBI THEODORE
LEWIS. OF TOURO SYNAGOGUE,
NEWPORT, R.I.
Mr. PEI,L. Mr. President, it is most
appropriate that our opening prayer this
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as follows:
EDUcrnON. Jo8 T'seixrirg Vi'raL .. .
A few figures, quickly gave the dimensions
of one of America's. critical problems.
In the decade of . the 1900's automation
and related forms of technical are ex-
pected to eliminate 2.6 million . jobs. In the
same decade, 26 million young ,peopis .will`
'reach working age, twice as m any as . the
1950's. To give them employment, theta-
Ho inadequately job' creation'and ol
preparation are now being accomplished Is`
suggested by the January employment re-
port of the U.B. Department of Labor` .It"
Ihgws that 13 percent of the teenagers rseek
ing employment and 0 percent of those 20
to 25 could not find jobs in 1969. loo non-
whites the problem is particularly' serious.
The unemployment rate runs in excess of
50 percent for urban Negro boys.
school dropout. He lacks not only job siffli'
but the scholastic background' to* acquire,
them. A Department of Labor official ho
vieited.Milwaukee recently pointed oul'#hat`
apprenticeship programs were closedto"drop
outis and that the armed serviceswre-
? ,..
letting virtually all youngsters who ^i
Mr.'1t3cCiF. > Mr. i'resi a t, thjs lVa
Lion is periodically swept by various
activities known as the latest craze.
Currentiv, as we are all wen .aware, 50-
mile hikes . are the thing to do. Mr.
President, I am not against 50-mile
hikes, for those young enough and well
enough conditioned they are probably
a worthwhile form of exercise. And cer-
be deprecated. _
However much some of these hikes
may be only publicity gimmicks, not all
of them are that alone. I was particu-
larly pleased to learn that when certain
young people of State took up this
activity. for exam e,'they ad ted' a" dif-
lere lt. twist. that gave an entirely new
meaning to hiking.
Mr. President, the students at North-
west Center, a junior college in Powell.
Wyo., realized that the first 50-mile hik-
ers in that State would receive consider-
able publicity, and they decfded this pub-
licity should be put to. good. use, So,
ipstcad of marching for the glory of the
school or club, they marched to publicize
lie
ce
-hat - -
-
jobs would still exist by 19
,Retraining is looked to as the,. hopeful
ers in any real se of the work the hope
ilea In vocational training-train. `that will
=
excite young people and hold T~em"'untf
they acquire skills to get and hold &ood~'obs.'
Hqw effective is our present "vocational
training program' Not very, according to
many studies. The St. Louis poet nis -atch
calls for reformation of vocational ec iols.
A survey by the Taconic Foundation reports:
"It Is extremely questionable whethei The
training absorbed by vocational higli school
graduates is useful to them In getting em-
ployment and advancing on the job."
The Post-Dispatch makes a further point:
Last, year 44.5 percent of Federal vocational
education funds went for agricultural train
emphasis should be on orderly transfer of
people from the land to the city, this alloca-
tion of funds makes little sense.
NOON TOMORROW
MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
obf\tion, it is so ordered.
ISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR
TUESDAY
Mr. 'IANSFIELD. Mr. President, for
 83 Kul I
Qr g ~g
UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
DA
E
INITIALS
DDQ1
T
22
2
3
4
5
6
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks: Attached is an extract from the Conies
signal Record of 18 February containing state
rnents made by Senator Morse against the Agenc
in connection with the recent f aily News article,
As Indicated, Senator Morse has stated he plans
to have much more to say on this subject.
Assistant Legislative Counsel
cc: DCI, DDCI
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME. ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
NCLASSIFIED
L 'f
CONFIDENTIAL
SECRET
0200230055-7
FORM NO. ~] Use previous editions (40)
2-61 23 f U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1961 0-587282
0200230055-7
 * ~s ' ------------- ? 2285
Senptor VVAYNE 112oasE, > " Ylm convinced that President Kennedy is
end justifies the means'-used by too
CalrCrol uitdlny many Government agencies, State and performing in the best interests of the United
Wa Iilnpton IS States and in keeping with a positive, pro-
LI rQ magaz3ne congratulates and national. In my judgment, such an gresalve, and constructive policy in Ameri-
recious grin-
ers ver
t endan
"
y p
g
can-Israel relationships.
au Its you onCuban military buildup argumen
o ering you asensa lonal eelrectlon of pho- ciples of freedom. I cannot reconcile I appreciate fully your desire to do me
tograplis receiver- yesterday from under- some of the activities of the CIA with honor. The devotion of B'nai Zion to the
ground sources on F"fdel Castro`s militaryT the maintenance of precious rights of Jewish National Fund I have shared since
strength. freedom to the American people.' Such boyhood. My mind goes back to the days
QuEVEDO. secrecy should be stopped. when in countless Jewish homes the only
FI,
Iylicvz,
Mr. U-611$9 Mx, President, tom The little experience I have recently the tdreamofocen uriesiwas thealitt a blue
mind, this episode emphasizes the whole had in, connection with the pictures pox-the pushka of the JNF. It is for this
question of the extent of 'the su'bsidiza- which were offered- to"me bears out my and reasons of, long friendship that I am
t14;1? of, Cub Ti exiled groups and publl point. A rent) when a ma azine or honored to be here tonight. I knew when
emia bre o - your committee called on me that I would
cation owlets It raises in my mind a newspaper such as l3oh
question of how muc1 ?t is cos the fers to a Senator information w ch be leaving" the government service at the
end of 1962. I felt that I would want to
e
Amercan,taxpayerso keepnp ubYlcatians deals with the foreign policy of
make public expression on American-Israel but O'l 4A still more serious question i kind United Sta s, one canno be sure al relationships. This was the platform from
op
and era inigl among the Cuban r efugiees. what it is being o ere with the appro which our President chose, while he was a
s For .bf
L.~ Senator, to clarify his views on the subject.
what purposes does the CIA subsidize It certainly is an appropriate place for an
e ese u an refugees are we 1, AMERICAN-ISRAEL RELATIONS American, who is a Jew, to do likewise. This
li. a) Congress as a source of allega is especially true after 2 years in which
ioaa5 about both e ill mated 13ay of igs -Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask diplomatic propriety demanded a high meas-
invasion and, now, the state of -oviet unanimous consent to have printed in ure of public silence.
inIII.tary forces in Cuba I3ohemia-hibre the RECORD a speech on American-Israel Let there be no illusions about my official
modestly calls its own pictures asensa- relations, delivered in New York City on role. My duties as a U.S. Ambassador in the
tior, 1," With the current spate of con- February 10 by one of the great living United Nations concerned economic, social,
gresional reports, as opposed to admin Americans, Ambassador Philip M. Klutz- and financial matters. The politically sur-
charged item of American-Israel relations
KlutzniCk
ast 2 years Mr
For the
nick
.
.
p
was never assigned to me either at the Per-
lstration reports, the, Russian buildup,
which cite alleged missile inStalla ions" has very effectively served our Govern- manent Mission or during General Assembly
Oth
Soria
--
- - - -
t
i
assU111C Lii[l.l,
er -'------ -'--"
- - - --
-
a, one 111U.s
t' In Cu
Members of Congress have, "been o3 eredm Nations. Recently he resigned. I am riors or at my own suggestion. But, I was
satisfied that he resigned for two Corn- always guided by the proprieties of relation-
I
-
ountless
allega
_
not only pictures, but cnot, One, health; the other, ship within a government.
ti0ri$, as well, by the Cuban refugees, pelling It has been an edifying experience for me
their political organs, and their pub- to take care of his personal business to watch the American-Jewish community
licity organs. affairs. for the first time in years from a relatively
I wish to say
tin
this re
uest
i
t
I
makin
i
t
N
l
d
t
-
g
,
ess
n
eres
n
g
q
van
n
.
o
_ detache
age po
the
1 .,am very much concerned about,
practice of the CIS of giving, financial- that in the wonderful speech on Ameri- has been the opportunity to observe the per-
sub;dies,to tlestr'Eirganizations and pub- can-Israel relations which he made in formance of Israel and its diplomatic corps
liCa> 0ns. It raises the suspicion that New York City on February 10, he has at close quarters and in its natural habitat
the e n .be used by the Agency to wlii p ` left with us an account of his views on where we met as fellow diplomats each with
they unalloyed commitment to serve different
up anti inflame American opinion and, that subject which I think every Mem- though friendly countries.
in effect to influence the makm of poi ber of Congress should read. His speech It is my conclusion that the State of Israel
icy on Cuba in a waf thafry he, `', ; is not.. Is an excellent one; and I, therefore, ask and its personnel have matured and grown
t th
t it b
i
t
d
t
i
n
mous consen
e pr
e
a
a
rapidly both in their understanding and in
permitted to do directly. It raises the 'unan
suspicion that the taxpayers' money is this point in the RECORD. their performance in the international arena.
being used to promote a particular policy There being no objection, the speech On the other hand, the American-Jewish
favored by the Agency, one which may was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, community seems to be floundering. We
not be in keeping with or may even be , as follows: are still trying to understand our own role
within this our own country and in our rela-
contrary to that of the administration. AMERICAN-ISRAEL RELATIONS tionship to Israel and other Jewish commu-
The CIL5 rOJatio p with the exiled (By Philip M. Klutznick to B'nai Zion, New nities of the world. This is not a criticism.
groups pO nts again, in my OpOri,.t 'the. York City, February 10, 1963) It is a sincere observation made in good faith
out of the hoe that we can do something
?"
Agency. honored a Senator who later became Presf- about it.
herefore, Mr. President, today I serve dent of the United States. 'Ile discussed -Thls is an enormous reaction in our Jewish
.
when incidents involved in
d communit
i
y
ve an
ti tht Il t t M All AmericanIsrael relationships in posit
nocea pano answeror.en- Dulles magazine article of recent date candid terms. He amplified these views dur- American-Israel relationships arise. There-
in which he seeks to support the thesis ing the campaign for the presidency in a fore, trying to anticipate and to understand
- brilliant and constructive address in August this relationship may be the very key to an
that the CIA should 'not be, subject to 1960. In it he set some difficult and chal- accelerated maturity as well as a more effec-
a watchdog congressional committee. longing goals for himself. In my 2 years of tive role for the American-Jewish commu-
Again I years intimate concern with events inside the ad- nity. For all problems are by no means
state-as I have stated for
ml`nistration affecting American-Israel' Iola- solved.
Sena that theI~
in the sh uld .
be brought under congressional control %ionships, I found no gap between President By now, we know-that regional tensions
for the simple reason the in defnocratic `Kennedy's views as he stated them earlier like those in the Middle East are more dif-
America rig geriC S1leu~.. be iveri and his earnest and dedicated performance ficult, if not impossible, of solution, so long
isolice stakeowers.n Eet tie fA as our Nation's Chief Executive. as the struggle between the West and the
-As a consequence, I am saddened by ru- East is unresolved or unstabilized. There
ekes isOs- ;poi Ce-state powers. `they ,mars attending my recent resignation. In is just too much room for competition for
should be taken awa from it, and the the English Jewish press in Canada, the temporary favors sought and granted by
Democratic admminis ration, should take, United Kingdom, and Israel, and through competing sides to permit solid and lasting
them away from it. some editorial comment in the United States, solutions.
Later this week or next week I shall It was suggested that the real cause of my We are living in an unusual epoch. Big
support that thesis. by a rather detailed resignation was my alleged dissatisfaction powers possess the greatest and most de-
presentation of some CIA policies with the administration's attitude toward structive military strength in history. But
rest Israel. Such rumors are complete and un- it remains virtually immobilized while big
which I d
not believe
r
in the int
o
a
e
e
of maintaining peace in the world. The founded nonsense. In a matter so vital, I powers compete for the friendship of small,
would not play fast and loose with either weak, and poor nations. The meek have
CIA` seeks to justify -them on the the administration or the Jewish community. truly interited the earth. Any sane and
ground that If one is going to beat Rus _Jn spite of problems that have arisen and reasonable attitude toward American-Israel
ia,lussia~i methods must be used. Mr. may again arise, I am proud to have been as- relationships must reflect intelligently on
,.:
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 Ibis reality. Whether we approve, of certain
relationships or not, it must be expected that
our Nation, in Its own national Interest,,.wlll
'Ar'ab, African. Latin American and. ?(Wan
states which appear to merit such considers-
%6n: The.peace of the world `requires It
lup#her aspect is self-evident but ,beers
tttoa. On many issues, Israel alined
If not the best, records of votinon the
y Pest. side, as the United States In the lTuited-
ilrould in what she considers her own,. best
4terest. ; is no less true of our own Na-
n. is not a satellite of the tZplted
States or of the West; nor is the Qrited.
States a satellite of Israel. Both Natior*are
blessed with able, intelligent and. enprKeiic
leadership. Where energy, Intelligence and
movement are present, posaib-jltties for oc-
ceslonal differences arise even while the
,tel relationship is sound and
~n the United States maintains
atio, with many friendly nations,
frame of unfriendly -one another,
The ThraeT: b tuation is not unique. The
'United States .Is4frlendiy to both ,Pakistan
and India. Has this solved~the'kashmir ter as? The United States did Its best. to
help set at rest the West Iris conflict between
the Netherlands' and Indonesia. Dpr the
process, Indonesia moved closer to th. SSoviet
and the Dutch publicly berg us, at home.
Or one might ponder on the 'comfort of
trying to be a constructive friend to Portu-
gal and to South Africa while trying to
maintain the pnlted Mates',** historic belief
in the self-determination of peoples. Thu
has not made life with either Portugal or
South Africa or, for that matter, with some
of'the new African nations? a bed of roses.
Need one make the point more effectively
than to note the occasions-, ** ' ttie United
Slates found Itself at'odds with Its oldest
any. Prance, Including the startling events
of recent days, and with 2Itii close and old
any, the United Kingdom `In' an over-
wrought, exceedingly tense and fluid world,
we must expect momentary facongralfise.
These' are usually passing p ases with iii Ie
impact on long-term interests and more pro-
found mutualities.
'The closest of friends among the nations of
the world go through periods 'of disagree-
meat, and foes find moments of agree-
ment. ConsegVently there Is always "the
possibility that differences can arise between
the Governments of the United States end
Israel. When in the judgment o the gov-
ernnients of states that are friendly national
interests conflict. it is not tragic so long as
fundamental relatlonehipa remain
is dangerous to elect the role of g
abet but our, people have a tradition that
bring about mom ntary or ephermeral differ-
eaees rie a Unlted States and the
State of pjq
as friendly and us,-
derstandiag" an ai nistrati as that.
headed by President Kennedy , mold h---
that, this will not happen in today's
world, anything can happen.- but, us exam-
ine a few possibilities for a moinent-
1. This administration believes deeply in
the right and the duty of a state to defend
itself from actual or threatened aggression.
The recent most classic example Is, Cuba. At
times In the past, and possibly In the future
there have been different approaches to,th1s
question by the United States and by Israel.
Our Government has held that a member of
the United Nations should exhaust the op-
portunities which that organization affords
for peaceful settlement before actually
Mooting at the other side or shooting back
in retaliation. Sven In the can of Cuba, the
'United States took steps short of gunfire
when Its whole existence was threatened 31n'.
tit tilt Qrgani$aGton of e&nerican.8tatea__and
the Security Council of the United Nations,
r;,minad the problem.
bee ,openly expressed doubt that it
call te1 YY on the security council to protect
it against Arab States, SShe_ has felt, not
without some cause, that the Soviet veto
i always available so long as the Soviet-Arab
liirtAtion continues.. Our. xplintry has felt
that anticipating a veto does not justify re-
Susing to present a case before retaliation.
It is my estimate that currently there is
k.better underatandtng on this question be-
tween the United States and Israel. Hope-
.Sully, this, with all of Its Implied risks,
night avoid the kind of misunderstanding In
the Jewish community that arose in the
spring of 1982 when the Security Council
Genaured Israel. But if Israel. honestly fears
its chances in the Security Council and
therefore avoida initiating Security Coun-
c11' processes when attacked, there is the
danger of a repetition of the unhappy events
cf..Jast year. If this, should happen, the
Important thing will be to determine
whether It actually affects the long-term
friendly relations between the two countries
rx Is it only an unfortunate, but nevertheless
iseatng phase.
.2: Let us take a calm but brief look at
the Arab refugee problem. The United States
and Israel- would both like to ass this prob-
lem solved. Both countries are generally
moved by humanitarianism. But sovereign
states cannot afford generosity if other vital
Interests are seriously and-adversely affected.
Israel properly fears for Its security In the
agent of large scale repatriation. The sine
Qua non of sovereignty Is the security of a
uation's people. I am completely sanguine
that the Kennedy administration.. would
never deliberately and consciously encourage
a plan which would endanger the security
of Israel, no matter how urgent it regards
the desirability of an Arab refugee solution.
Yet. It Is Inconceivable that the Congress
will continue to make substantial appropria-
tions for UNWRA much longer without evi-
dence that a solution It being actively sought
cr Is on the horizon.. It seems patent that
both countries agree =completely on three
things:
(a) It Is politically desirable that the prob-
Mm be solved:
(b) a solution must not adversely affect
the security of Israel: and
(c) that simple humanitarianism de-
mands that the problem be solved.
But there can be differences dictated by
differing exposures and accountabilities of
the governments involved. These differences,
if they arise, can only yield to patient and
painstaking negotiation between the govern-
raents involved. The subetttute, of polemics
Will only complicate, not clarify.
Recent events tend to negate the prospect
of a serious split on this Issue. On a par-
ticular amendment In the General Assembly,
,the United States and . Israel.stnod alone in
voting against it. The reasons differed, but
the fact created much comment In -the halls
of the United Nations. The debate In the
17th General Assembly and the voting pat-
tern suggest that maybe basic and overt
differences can be avoided. Nevertheless. I
am convinced that, in keeping with his pub-
lic pledges, the President and this adman-
letration will try for achievable solutions
but with sincere and intelligent regard for
Israel's security as well as the welfare of the
refugees.
9. In another area of potential static-
assistance to states not friendly to Israel-
I feel more at home as a result of my re-
cant work. One of the oldest foreign aid
debates is whether a donor state should dis-
pense aid to states unless. they are allied
with It formally and informally. This ques-
tion loses some of its steam if foreign aid ib
approached from a moral point of view. The
United States is the richest and most power-
ful Nation In the world. Like a rich and
powerful individual, it has some responsi-
bility to those less fortunate. How and to
what extent it discharges this is within Its
own control. But, If it acts for selfish rea-
sons alone, the decisions may be self-de-
feating. Just like philanthropy distributed
for self-aggrandisement loses its flavor, so
foreign aid used to buy friendships rarely
succeeds.
On the other hand. one must candidly
recognize that if foreign aid strengthens a
country. such added strength can be used for
better or for worse. A nation sincerely try-
ing to develop economically has little time
and less resource for military adventure.
Self-defense Is all it can afford at best.
Some states have not yet learned this truth-
I believe that the hope for peace in the
world depends on the elevation of the eco-
nomic and social standards of many peoples.
This is a fundamental objective of the United
Nations Charter. It has symbolized the
policy of the United States In this post-war
era. It can be honestly argued whether aid
extended to certain Arab States will blunt
the edge of their antagonisms toward Israel
or feed the flame of their hostility. But
It cannot be disputed that the presence of
a constructive U.S. influence should tend
to lessen potential troubles.
This is a disturbing problem. When a
state that proclaims belligerence and
threatens hostilities against a neighbor is
provided food and credits, It Is reasonable
to assume that It Is strengthened to commit
war even though the aid itself is directed
to other channels. A historic analysis of
such situations will demonstrate that there
are risks in either aiding or withholding
aid In a dangerous world. On the balance,
the odds should favor establishing a con-
structive U.S. influence if possible and in
elevating the economic and social level of
the people themselves. It Is foolhardy to
do so recklessly without careful and rational
examination accompanied by constant re-
view.
So long as the United States is in the
position of making choices and decisions
that could affect the cause of peace and
the Interests of the free world, questions
will continue to arise as to whether our
policy at a given moment promotes the eas-
ing or heightening of tensions In the Mid-
dle East. We must be careful to relate what
happens to policy objectives, to the degree
of caution that Is exercised and to the fre-
quency of the review of potentialities.
Perhaps, under such circumstances, any
open split involving friends of Israel will
be averted.
But actually, it is not these dramatic and
Isolated Issues that provide the basic tests of
American-Israel relations any more than they
do of U.S. relations with many friends. The
real tests rest on far more fundamental mat-
ters than votes In the United Nations or
whether a little more or a little less aid
should or should not have been given to a
country not friendly to Israel or whether
solutions for the Arab refugee problem
should be sought In one way or another
openly or clandestinely. The real question
Is Will a great power help a relatively new
and, struggling small state to, maintain its
independence and its sovereignty if its se-
curity to endangered and will it help that
state overcome an adverse economic, balance
aq It can escape national poverty.
In. these matters .of real life or death I
speak with complete conviction.. The inde-
pendence and security of Israel are an ele-
ment of the U.S. foreign policy. This is not
is new policy. But in recent months it
passed the acid test. The United States has
never provided major arms assistance to the
State of Israel. Other countries have done
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 ApprovedW QDT(Akidf,4Mi~E*RREDa3$ 8000200230055-7 A777
.- ...K w,uu cue u.n. experience in Laos, the
present little war going on in Vietnam
and the Red Chinese Invasion of the borders
of their "friends," the Indiana, should give
some clear Indication of the value of a Com-
mnunlst agreement.
Although a step has been made in the
right direction, it this step is all the United
States Intends to do with relations to the
Cuban situation, then. In my estimation, we
have taken a very weak and dangerous posi-
tion on Cuba. I assume that in any anlu-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD
OF Pafx$TLVANUA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
will not overlook the fact that Cuba Is
occupied by not only Russslan technicians,
but admittedly by Communlate from other
Red bloc nations lhciuding Red China. If
some of the Russian technicians leave, the
status quo is still maintained with little
change. If the medium range missile bases
are dismantled, the mobile short range bases
can still exist well concealed In the inacces-
sible regions of the country. What, if any-
thing, will be done about the "fishing base"
being built for Russian submarines and ves-
sels spying on U.S. rocket tests? What will
be done about the guerrillas and arms being
exported from Cubs to every country In the
Western Hemisphere?
A solution to the Cuban problem which
does not include the above and other points
too numerous to enumerate at this time, In
no solution at all. If the United States calls
for nothing but the dismantling of nuclear
bases in Cuba and discontinuance of ship-
ment of offensive weapons into that country
,
we have taken a very weak and dangerous Brarz DErASTUINT DocvnoNas RsvzAL RI.
position. We must can for nothing short of P?aLtc or PANAMA Aszso at 1941 row 50-
the complete elimination of the Commu- Tau Anvsieg Or ANNUrrns
ntet me
nace In Cuba and the Western Hemis-
phere, and we cannot afford to continue the
perpetual process of negotiating and com-
promising with the Communists which will
only end when there is nothing further to
negotiate or compromise.
In the middle of 1981 in my "United
States Needs a Doctrine of Self-Pregerva.
tion" which subsequently appeared In the
U.S. OONOag$BIONAL Racosn, I pointed out
that the advances of communism must be
stopped Immediately and neither the United
states nor our friends in the Western
Hemisphere can wait any longer. In the
war we are currently fighting against com-
munism, the Russians are unlikely to wend
troops to any Latin American country.
Their blueprint for taking over the Latin
American nations is through subversion from
within, then arming the government friend-
ly to them with Rims, tanks, planes needed
t
p maintain power. Communists send tech-
nicians of all types, but not actually troops
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, In the days
before World War II, when the flow of
political news from China was normal,
there were many reports of Chinese war-
lords extorting the payment of taxes far
in advance. Little did I then expect to
see the time when comparable exactions
would be attempted in the Western
Hemisphere.
Documents published by the United
States in December 1962 reveal that on
January 31, 1941, the Ambassador of
Panama in Washington omcially asked
that Panama Canal annuities be paid for
60 years In advance.
The following news story .from the
December 17, 1982, edition of the Star
and Herald of Panama, Republic of
Panama, Is commended for reading by
WASKINGroN,--U.S. documents published
today said the Republic of Panama asked
the United States in 1941 to advance to
Panama, for the next b0 yaars, the annuities
paid under the Panama Canal Treaty.
The proposition cams at a time the United
Statse was seeking use of additional lands,
during the early part of 1941, for defense of
the Panama Canal.
The annuity at that time was $430,000 a
year. It has since been raised to $1,9/0,000
yearly.
The State Department published docu-
laent. dealing with diplomatic relations with
some of the American Republics In 1941.
Sumner Welke, then Under Secretary of
State, said the Ambassador of Panama called
on him on January al, 1941. Carlos N. Brin
was mentioned in another document as Am-
bassador of Panama about that time.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Weller
said, felt the United States-Panama 'Treaty
out on a limb and brings Into sharp focw sale to the venal Zone authorities altos out-
the need of a new doctrine to re lace the side the zone if required for the defense of
the .
ou
tdated, obsolete, and Inoperable Monroe
W,dc ja said he told the Panamanian Am-
Doctrine
The Rueslans have set the precedent In bassador of Roosevelt's views and the sug-
their actions toward Hungary in 1953 on the was gn gravel' that eedecewe "the world siobtain-
basis that a hostile, non-Communist govern- wag spe was important !n tst
ment In Hungary would constitute a threat "Finally." use of ing the altos.
to the actual security of Russia. This, in sedum his s Wellee In
coneersetion reatond "the a memot
President
when
effect, brings into force a new doctrine- (Roosevelt) requested me e
the doctrine
of sell -preservation. spy t h at t when
The United States, sooner or later, will Panama had In this manner r compiled with
have to take whatever steps deemed noes- wthe ould be treaty very glad obligations. gp ad to c or this payesug es-
nary to eliminate any threat to its security dope for further cooperation between any nmgg
In the Western Hemisphere or face the ulti- d and the United ted States s which Panama
danger of being completely isolated. which Panama
History has proven time after time that desired to present.
weakness and concessions only lead to the The Ambassador argued at very great
length." they are intended to avert, as demon- He ," added We that said.
strated by the classical example of Chem- United States-Panama Paold him that when the
berlaen at Munich. aTreaty of 1936 was
This is not the time for brave words. but through `Sts official Grepresentatives, had Ina-ratified the time for brave deeds. This is the time formed me that Panama believed that all of
to demonstrate the courage which made Its just aspirations had been fully met. I
America great. This is the time to prove said it would be an Intolerable situation if,
that America can speak softly, but Is again with every new administration that came
carrying a big stick and is prepared to use Into power In Panama this Government
it. found itself required to pay vast sums to
Panama In the nature of new concessions
as a means of persuading Panama to carry
out her treaty obligations.
"The Ambassador then ylandiy made the
suggestion that the United States advance
to Panama all of the canal annuities for the
next 50 years. The Ambassador said that In
this way the American bondholders could all
be paid off and Panama would be able to
rAileve her economic situation. I said that
this situation to my mind was inconceivable
and that I could not comprehend the ref-
erence to the economic situation of Panama
since, to my knowledge, Panama was the
only 1 of the 21 American Republics which
today was in a highly prosperous situation
and that this was due entirely to the work
on the canal."
The landsites, of size and number npt
outlined in the published documents, were
provided by Panama within a few weeks,
and negotiations were then concluded on
various Concessions to Panama by the United
States, including certain construction and
maintenance, and an agreement to seek legis-
lation to cede to Panama certain lands of the
Panama Railroad.
"Shiffiag Sands"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES
OF MAMMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 14, 1963
Mr. -BIKES. Mr. Speaker, I want' to
take this opportunity, to place in the
Racono a very flee article entitled
"Shifting Sands" by Dr. Cabel J. King,
Sr., editor-emeritus of the Florida
Times-Union. Dr. King's comments ap-
peared In the February 12, 1963, Issue of
the Florida Times-Union, and I think
they will be of interest to my colleagues.
Dr. King has dealt effectively with a
matter of serious Import to Florida and
to all coastline areas. This Is a ditD-
cult problem with which to deal, but it
may be of interest to point out that a
project Is now being discussed between
my office and representatives of the Uni-
versity of Florida and of the Department
of the Interior for research activities de-
signed to help control beach erosion.
The article follows:
Bmsrrnxo BANDS
(By Dr. Caleb J. King, Sr.)
The Trustees of the Internal Improve-
ment Fund, realizing the Importance of the
conservation of the Florida shores, have re-
leased funds to complete a study of ways
and means of preserving this asset.
Florida has been fighting with its beck to
the wall for generations against the Inroads
of nature upon the long stretches of sandy
ocean beaches which are one of the top fac-
tors in the building Of this commonwealth
Into one of greatness.
The chief good that has come from this
tireless struggle, however, has been to keep
alive the hope for an eventual victory. The
storms have made their frequent visits as
the decades have come and gone, and shifted
the sands along the shorelines Into deep
auto and gradually pushed those lines deeper
and deeper Inland.
But the lighting forces are making in-
creasing headway these days toward gaining
the upper hand.
We see something comparable to the turn
now underway on a statewide basis in what
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 Approved Fcr 9 M2AE IPE6 Q?,3,83Bf@#gQ02300 8ruary 18,196
Committee Meetings
MILIT R,Y POSTURE
Committee on. Armed Services: Met-in executive session
regarding U.S. military posture. ,. Heard testimony from
Fred Korth, Secretary of Navy; Gen. David M. Shoup,
Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps; and Adm. G. W.
Anderson, Jr., Chief of Naval Operations. Hearings
continue Tuesday, February I9, in executive session.
BANKING
Committee on Banking and Currency: Heard a briefing
by James J. Saxon, Comptroller of the Currency, accom-
panied by other members of his staff. Briefings con-
tinue Tuesday, February ig.
EDUCATION =
Committee-on Education and Labor: General and Spe-
cial Subcommittees on Education held a joint meeting
-on H.R. 3000, to strengthen and improve educational
quality and educational opportunity in the Nation.
Heard testimony from a public witness. Hearings con-
tinue Tuesday, February ig.
YOUTH CONSERVATION. CORPS
Committee on Education and_Labor: General Subcom-
mittee on Education heard testimony from Stuart L.
COMMITTEE ,MEETINGS FOR TUESDAY,
. RU Y I9
(All meetings are open unless otherwise designated)
Senate'
Committee on Armed Services, executive, to hear Secretary of
Defense McNamara begin briefings on-U.S. military programs,
1o a.m., 212 Old Senate Office Building.
Committee on Commerce, Communications Subcommittee,
to continue its hearings on the operations of Telstar and Relay,
the first coritmunications satellites, io a.m., 5110 New Senate
Office Building.
Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, on S. 2, proposed
WaterResourccs Research Act, io a.m., 3110 New Senate Office
'Building. House
Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Interior, ex-
aj,ye, 10 am., H-3o7, U.S. Capitol Building. TT TY ^
Capitol Building.
Subcommittee on Independent Offices, executive, 10 a.m.,
H-iq2, U.S. Capitol Building. '.
a.m., H-i63, U.S. Capitol Building.
Udall, Secretary of the Interior, and various public wit-
.ue;ses, on H.R. i8go, to authorize the establishment of
.q Youth Conservation Corps. Hearings continue Tues-
day, February 19.
COMMUNISM-LATIN AMERICA
Committee on Foreign Afairs: Subcommittee on Inter-
American Affairs held a hearing on Communist subver-
sion in Latin America. Testimony was given in open
and executive session by Edwin M. Martin, Assistant
Secretary of State, following which testimony was given
in executive session by Raymond L. Thurston, U.S. Am-
bassador to Haiti, and C. Allan Stewart, U.S. Ambas-
sador to Venezuela.
TAXES
Committee on Ways and Means: Heard testimony from
Kermit Gordon, Director, Bureau of the Budget, on the
President's tax recommendations. Hearings continue
Tuesday, February ig.
ANNOUNCEMENT-DEBT LIMIT
Committee on Ways and Means: Announced that pub-
. -lic hearings will start on February 27 on the President's
request for continuation of the $308 billion public debt
ceiling through January 30, 1963.
Subcommittee on State Commerce, and , justice, , the judiciary,
executtive, io a.m., H-310, U.S. Capitol Building.
Subcommittee on Agriculture, executive, i p.m., H-3o5, U.S.
Capitol Building.
Committee on Armed Services, executive, regarding U.S.
military posture, io a.m., 313-A Cannon House Office Building.
Committee on Banking and Currency, informal briefings, io
a.m., 1301 Longworth House Office Building.
Committee on Education and Labor, joint meeting of Special
and General Subcommittees on Education, to consider H.R.
3000, re educational quality and opportunity in the Nation, 9:45
a.m., 429 Cannon House Office Building.
General Subcommittee on Education, on H.R. 18go, to author-
ize the establishment of a Youth Conservation Corps, 2 P.M.,.
429 Cannon House Office Building.
"Committee on Foreign Affairs, executive, briefing by John A.
McCone, Director, CIA, 10:30 a.m., H-322, U.S. Capitol
Building.
Committee on the judiciary, Subcommittee No. 3, executive,
on pending legislation, in a.m., 353 Cannon House Office
Building.
Committee on Ways and Means, on President's tax recom-
mendations, 1o a.m., committee room, Longworth House Office
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Daily Digest
Senate
Chamber Action
Routine Proceedings, pages 2255-2312
Bills Introduced: 23 bills and 7 resolutions were intro-
duced, as follows: S. 8o8-83o; S.J. Res. 44-47; and
S. Con. Res. i8-2o. Page. 2257-2258
Nominations: The following nominations were re-
ceived: 2 civilian, including that of Sidney R. Yates, of
Illinois, to be U.S. Representative on the Trusteeship
Council of the U.N.; 2 judicial; i Coast Guard; 29 Coast
and Geodetic Survey; 55 Public Health Service; and
numerous Air Force. PaPs 2322-2324
Legislative Program: Majority leader announced that
on Tuesday, February ig, Senate will consider the re-
ported nominations on the executive calendar; the
slates of committee membership, including chairman-
ships thereof; and a continuing resolution to pay staffs
of certain Senate committees. Pay, 2283
Program for Tuesday: Senate met at noon and ad-
journed at i:56 p.m. until noon Tuesday, February ig,
when its program will be as announced in item above.
Pages 2263, 2322
Committee Meetings
(Com>uuees not listed did not meet)
COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES
Committee on Commerce: The Communications Sub-
committee began hearings in connection with the opera-
tions of Telstar and Relay, the first communications
satellites, having as its witnesses Rosel H. Hyde, Acting
Chairman, and T. A. M. Craven, member, both of the
Federal Communications Commission; James Ding-
man, executive vice president, American Telephone &
Telegraph Co.; and Eugene F. O'Neill, director, satel-
lite communications laboratories, Bell Telephone Lab-
oratories.
Hearings continue tomorrow.
CUBA
Committee on Foreign Relations: Subcommittee on In-
ternational Organization Affairs met in executive ses-
sion with Richard Gardner, Deputy Assistant Secretary
of State for International Organization Affairs, who
testified and answered questions with regard to the U.N.
Special Fund project for Cuban agricultural develop-
ment.
Subcommittee recessed subject to call.
House of Representatives
Chamber Action
Bills Introduced: 49 public bills, H.R. 3844-3892; 20
private bills, H.R. 3893-3912; and 6 resolutions,. H.J.
Res. 253-255, H. Con. Res. 98, and H. Res. 258 and 259,
were introduced. Pages 2349-2351
Washington's Farewell Address: Agreed to a special
order providing for the reading of George Washington's
Farewell Address on Thursday, February 21. Repre-
sentative Burton was subsequently designared by the
Speaker to read the Farewell Address to the House.
Page 2325
Committee To Sit: The Committee on Banking and
Currency was granted permission to sit today and Feb-
ruary 1g, 25, and 26, during general debate of the House
sessions. Page 2325
Consent Calendar: The Consent Calendar, consisting
of two bills, H.R. 19g, to provide additional compensa-
tion for veterans having service-connected disability of
deafness of both ears, and H.R. 214, to provide addi-
tional compensation for veterans suffering the loss or
loss of use of both vocal cords with resulting complete
aphonia, was called and both bills were passed over with-
out prejudice. Page 2332
Agricultural Investigations: The House adopted,
with amendments, H. Res. 38, authorizing the Com-
mittee on Agriculture to conduct certain studies and
investigations. Pages 2332-2333
Program for Thursday: Adjourned at 12:43 p.m. until
Thursday, February 21, at 12 o'clock noon.
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 Approved&ft A765
on aisl ;morally and resolutely tackled, past
Britain and fi"rance ozlcentrate on helping errors have to be admitted, the blame
their former Colonies, where. they still have - squarely accepted. Cannot this courage,
strong ties of trade and culture. Japan gives
most of its aid, to southeast Asia, some of it " be expected from the executive depart-
as reparations for World War II damage to Inept?
occupied nations:, Instead of weak alibis and sneaky .11 West Germany, with no `recent colonial stories, Americans are interested in
past, is more flexible in its programs; grant.. Where we go from here.
ing aid to any nation outside the Commu- The following editorial is from the St.
nist bloc that can show a need, and attach- Louis Globe-Democrat:
lug The strings. DIPLOMACY BY RANSOM
T e Common Market 1evelopment Fund,
which started this year, may be a means of Now that the fantastic barter of $53 mil-
extending this flexibility. France already has lion in goods (plus $2,900,000 in cash) for
made plans to ehannef more-;of its aid to the 1,113 Bay of Pigs prisoners has been
Africa through this_und. The six member completed, what do the American people
nations of the 1Vlarlcet will contribute $703 think of this weird transaction which sounds
million for a5-year period. more like Homer's account of the Trojan war
i~11ANCi ciVESsrrISIAE than the 20th century?
France estimates i`t` has spent $ 7 billion in -Time was when every American schoolboy "Millions
aid to its oversea territories, now mostly in- thrilled with pride on first hearing ute
for defense, but ,not one cent for tribute."
."
dependent,' since 1946, and says it devotes ,.Diplomacy by ransom has now become an
more of its gross national product to aid, American policy and has been increasing as
2.41 percent, than any other nation. Britain Communist regimes returned to barbarism.
publishes no comparable figures. West Ger- Chinese residing in Hong Kong or California
many says it has given out $3.8 billion in are probably still paying regularly just to
development aid in the same period. keep relatives alive in Red China prison
Besides tl}e United,States, France, T3ritain, camps.
West`Germany, and Japan provide most of -In 1951, the United States itself paid
the men and money for these projects. But $123,605 to Red Hungary for the return of
smaller nations 1Xke Israel, A ltria and'tfie four of our airmen who had been forced to
Scandinavian countries are playing an im- land on its soil.
portant part. ., ~Castro's price was even greater than that
Israel sends experts to many African na , $30,000 per man, although the actual cost
bons and Iran, passing along. the knowledge can never be determined in such a compli-
-it has, gained in building industry and grow- cated transaction. Wholesale prices and re-
ing crops in the desert. Denmark hopes to tall prices would have to be figured, tax de-
spend 1 percent of its gross national product -ductions considered, services rendered but
on aid soon and fansa p lan o ` r vote fund- not charged for included.
raising matched y overnmen grants. Never in all history, we can be sure, has
Austria's program shows the direct link be- a mighty nation forked over so much to a
tween American aid to Europe and European --little island neighbor to spring its own citi-
aid to the underdeveloped nations. zeps from the dungeons of a bearded mad-
Since 1961, it has agreed to turn over . man.
an essential part of its remaining Marshall Apart from that, what do the American
plan funds to poorer nations. Last year, it people think about how their Government,
lent $5 million of'its $40 million of Marshall pretending not to have any part in it, sur-
plan money to India, and plans to repeat this re titiously manipulated the transaction?
year, lien talk of ransoming, the prisoners was
HON. PAUL FINDLEY
revived several months ago, it- became ob-
vious that something big was going on.
The committee which sought to raise the
428 million first demanded, had given up
w$en it couldn't come even close to it.
If, all .of a sudden, $53 million was going
to, be raised where little part of it could. be
"`found before, everyone knew the hand of
the U.S. Government was bound to be in it
-somewhere.
o~ ao W . an iauw we Know.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES --With the atlministr.atipn. afraid to pay
Monday F'eYlruary 18, 1963 blackmail directly because of public and
-congressional objection, it apparently pulled
M
r. ub, h~XI Speaker, never every string in its vast arsenal of power to
before Cuba has the nlte ~S.,tates get all the goods and money needed con-
blundered not only militarily and pollti- tributed by private citizens and corporations.
cally' but morally as well.. The loss ,of (Possibly the administration got the idea
Cuba -nearly matches the ..lost of China, When it employed Department of Justice
but even China was not protected b pressure to roll back steel prices in 1961
by the without any legal justification for such
Monroe Doctrine. action.),
In ,140 years of the MonX'_ rpoe Arranging first with Internal Revenue to
even as mighty a dictator as Napoleon Permit" the contributions to be channeled
III of France was sent packing_, from through the American Red Cross where
Mexico. But not only, did Cuba become' .blackmail could be labeled "charity" for tax
deduction purposes, it next got officials in
Communist, Khrushchev and the ..Rus- -various departments of the Government to
scans walked in and stayed. Discussions line up likely prospects for everything Castro
of 4 or 40 missiles repiaipng on Cuba wanted.
obscure this fundalneI-ital ac Drugs and medical supplies constituted
American fore the bulk of his demands, and, boy, oh boy,
gn l)O11Cy 1n__ the Carib- -how the pharmaceutical industry had been
bean based gn the. ~Ulonroe PpcXCisle has -softened up for this operation,
been.-replaced by television public rela- The Kefauver committee had been pound-
tions,, news man'agement, rewritten his- nig away at It Incessantly with its charges
tory, guilty consciences and ransom pay- of exorbitant drug prices. The thalidomide
ments, scare had brought forth public demand for
the most stringent pure food and drugs law.
Much better than a blackjack would be a
telephone call from the bepartment of Jus-
tice to get contributions from these
sources.
Next in importance to the ransom effort
was the transportation industry, always sub-
ject to Federal regulation and always having
antitrust laws hanging over Its head. The
enormous supplies contributed by the drug
manufacturers would, of course, have to be
assembled and transported for free.
The railroads, the truckers, the airlines
and shipping companies responded to the
Department. of Justice's call just as gen-
erously as the pharmaceutical industry.
More than 600,000 pounds of cargo was
flown by eight domestic airlines, without
cost, Nineteen railroads provided 80 boxcars
on a special run, without cost. Eight truck-
ing firms moved 420,000 pounds, without
cost. Fifteen shipping companies teamed up
to provide the ship to move the cargo to
Cuba, without cost.
As for the $2,900,000 In cash which Castro
demanded at the last moment, its sources
haven't been disclosed. It is not difficult to
guess that most, if not all of it, came from
firms doing business with the Government
who were scarcely in a position to say no to
their best customer, regardless of their per-
sonal feelings toward the ransom.
Attorney General Bobby Kennedy, how-
ever, is largely credited with raising the
money, which is said to have Included a
$1 million contribution from one man, a
$1 million loan from another.
The American people, we know, are as
glad as they can be that the Cuban prisoners
have been freed.
They well deserve the accolade of this Na-
tion, which President and Mrs. Kennedy gave
them in that moving ceremony in the Orange
Bowl at Miami Saturday-the admiration of
people the whole world over who prize liberty
above all else.
As freedom fighters, they had sailed off
with high hope and courage to liberate their
homeland-with the blessings of the U.S.
Government, which had largely arranged the
venture.
And they had been led to the slaughter
from Castro's few planes because the air
cover they had been promised was not forth-
coming from the mightiest air force in the
world.
Even so, this was a shameful price the
country had to pay for the President's mis-
take, and this was a shameful way in which
our Government skirted its own laws to
pay it.
Tides of Tyranny
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN V. LINDSAY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .
Thursday, February 14, 1963
Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, on Sun-
day, February 0, I had the privilege of
speaking before the Lithuanian Ameri-
can Council of Greater New York, on the
occasion of the 45th anniversary of Lith-
uanian independence.
Lithuanian Independence Day falls
between Lincoln's and Washington's
Birthdays, and should be remembered
by all Americans as an occasion when
people in another land proclaimed their
independence from oppression and
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 A'766
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itONG S~IOY'TAL 'RECORD - APPENDIX February 18
In my'renlarks, I tried tb outline some
aspects of Lithuanian history d to de-
scribe their long struggle for Independ-
ence. This history will be interesting
to my colleagues:
Tmzs or TYasar)TY
(By Representative Toga V: LINDSAY)'
For those of us gathered here today and
for the more than 2 million Americans of
Lithuanian descent, February 19 is Indeed
g historic occasion, a date which celeb-atee
heroism in the past, and which symbolizes
hope for the future. For'45 years Lithu-
anians whenever they might be have to-
.Sather recalled with patriotic pride that day
In 1918 when Individual valor brought na-
tional victory to a small by ancient land
ong dominated by despicable despotism.
In view of the significance of that day and
the solemnity of this occasion, it is indeed
a distinct honor for me to join with you in
lgommemorating the 45th anniversary of the
restoration of Lithuania's independence.
The tyranny which enslaves Lithuania to-
day completely overshadows the tyranny
which oppressed that country in the past.
But we should not forget that the heroic
history of Lithuania is at the same time a
t gic epic of foreign egg esslOns repeated
so Often that,. when we consider this history.
we ln1gbt well speak of the incessant "tides
of tyranny." February 18: 1918. marks the
greatest chapter in this saga, a chapter in
Which TIQse evil tides emerged from beneath
the oppressive waters of ty tinny. Today I
propdee to retie* 'briefly this epic struggle
of Lithuania to maintain her identity and
to defend her independence against cen-
tutes of, aggression and oppression.- Only
'cc eii we fecafT these centuries of struggle
'Which produced the victo y of I9l$1 only
then do we Ize the full significance
01 P ebruary I And only then can we real-
ise the magnitude of 'the' tremendous task
which Is ours today, the task of turning
back and ateiniriing forever these "tides of
tyranny.-
Lithuania is endowed with two fatal at-
tractions: strategic location and natural
wealth. Situated on the shores of the Baltic
midway between Berlin and Moscow. Lithu-
.ania is a rich land of farms, forests, and
lakes-more than 2,000 of them r under-
stand. The very first mention of Lithuania
in recorded history-made by Tacitus, the
famous Roman historian-was in praise of
Lithuanian IOrpiing. The fertile soil, the
timber; the outlet on the Baltic--each was
by Itself treasure enough to motivate for-
eiaggression against Lithuania.
primary perpetrator of such aggres-
sion has always been and remains today just
one country: Russia. Long before the Lithu-
Anlan tribes were forged Into one nation the
country was struggling against domination
by Its Russian neighbors from the east.
Finally in the 14th century the people of
Lithuania began' to turn back these early
waves of aggression, wave's which were but
an ominous warning of later tides to come.
By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania
had driven the Russians back to Moscow and
had secured for Itself the power necessary to
protect its territories and traditions. Fol-
lowing the dynastic union With Poland, the
= Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a marvelous
and mighty state stretching from the Baltic
tea In the north to the Black Sea in the
mouth. Within these boundaries the old and
rich culture of the Lithuanian people at-
tained brilliant heights, heights which it
would attain again only after similar suffer-
ing and struggle. This comparative calm,
this peaceful prosperity lasted little more
than a century.
By 1500 the Russian tide had ebbed and loving peoples of Lithuanian ancestry have
was now again sweeping back across the contributed so much to our own national
northern and central plains of Europe. For experience and have given so tirelessly of
40 of the 90 years between 1492 and 1582 themselves to the communities In which they
Lithuania found Itself at war with the Mus- live. It lives on in the richness and variety
of the oldest living European language. It
continues to live through the darkness of
Soviet oppression keeping a prayerful vigil
at the ramparts of national destiny sustain-
ing the light of liberty which must never be
extinguished and which will once again burn
brightly to herald the arrival of a new dawn
of freedom for Lithuania. Only then, will
the oppressive "tides of tyranny" be turned
back forever.
Observance of 45th Anniversary of
Lithuania's Independence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. NEIL STABLER
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 14, 1963
Mr. STAEBLER. Mr. Speaker, Sun-
day, February 17, 1 had the pleasure of
addressing a rally of Lithuanians of the
Detroit area, and also had the high honor
of speaking along with Juliaus Smetonos,
the son of the first and only President of
the Republic of Lithuania.
This heroic country, swallowed by
Russia In 1940 and forced to exist under
Communist rule, has many patriots
throughout the world struggling to again
some day see their homeland free.
I would like to have printed in the
RECORD a copy of the resolution adopted
Sunday, on observance of the 45th anni-
versary of Lithuania's independence; a
proclamation by Detroit Mayor Jerome
Cavanagh designating February 16 as
Republic of Lithuania Day, and a proc-
lamation by the Governor of Michigan,
as follows:
RESOLUTION
Whereas on February 16, 1918, the Lithu-
anian nation freed itself from Tsarist Russia
domination and proclaimed Its independence
as a free democratic republic which was ulti-
mately recognized by all of the great powers
of the world; and
Whereas during its 22 years of freedom and
independence from 1918 to 1940, Lithuania
proved Itself as a free and independent
nation, and
Whereas in spite of agreements to the con-
trary, the Soviet Union forcibly incorporated
Lithuania Into the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, thereby depriving the Lithuanian
people of their basic human rights and pri-
vate property; deported those who opposed
the sovietization of their homeland and con-
tinue the enslavement of Lithuania and the
exploitation of its people to this very day:
Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That we hereby rededicate our-
selves to the cause of liberating Lithuania
from the yoke of communism so that she
may once again rejoin the family of free
nations; and be it further
Resolved, That we express our sincerest
gratitude to the Administration and Con-
gress of the United States of America for the
continued nonrecognition of the Incorpora-
tion of the Baltic States Into the Soviet
Union and for the numerous contributions
to, and sympathy for, the cause of Lithu-
ania's never-ending battle to regain its free-
dom and independence; and be it further
Resolved, That we petition the President
and Secretary of State of the United States
of America to direct the U.S. Ambassador to
the United Nations to confront the members
of that august body with the facts regard-
Ing the Soviet colonization of Estonia, Lat-
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covlte aggressors. The czars *alleged that
Russia desired only an outlet on the Baltic
Sea; however, after Peter the Great had
taken Riga from Sweden and had built his
own window on the Baltic at St. Petersburg.
the Russian rulers allowed that their appe-
tite for aggression was far from satisfied.
In 1795 this aggression' came quickly and
brutally to the surface: the shameful third
partition of Poland also became the fateful
third of our many tides of tyranny, tyranny
which was to now completely engulf Lithu-
ania and enslave Its people for 123 years.
Not that the people of Lithuania willingly
or weakly succumbed to such oppression.
Throughout the course of their long history
they have fought fiercely to overthrow the
repressive rule of the ruthless Russian czars.
In 1812 Lithuania experienced a mere mo-
ment of relative freedom as Napoleon ad-
vanced against Moscow. The fate of that
historic campaign has been recorded with
stark simplicity upon a monument which
still stands In Vilnius. On one side the in-
scription reads "Napoleon Bonaparte passed
this way in 1812 with 400.000 men"; on the
other side it continues "Napoleon Bonaparte
passed his way in 1812 with 9,000 men."
But within 20 years of that setback the winds
of freedom were again attempting to sweep
back the tides of oppression. In that year of
1831 Lithuanians lent active aid to Poland
in a revolution against the heavy hand of
Russian reaction and only the brute force of
150.000 Russian troops was capable of quell-
ing their spirited struggle. Thereafter op-
pression was Increased and Intensified: Lith-
uanian lands were confiscated and then
delivered into the hands of Russian nobles.
the University of Vilnius closed, and finally
Russians were everywhere designated to con-
trol the government, the army and the
church.
When revolution erupted for a third time
in 1883-04, the czar finally realized that mili-
tary might had failed to conquer Lithuania's
resistance. Suppressions, hangings, exiles to
Siberia, czarist brutality failed to quell the
indomitable love of freedom and self-deter-
mination of the gallant Lithuanian peoples.
World War I and the Russian revolution
furnished the long-sought opportunity for
which generations had been striving with
such courage and fortitude. With the Proc-
lamation of Independence at Vilnius on
February 16, 1918, and the treaty of peace
of July 12, 1920, which accorded full recog-
nition as an Independent state, Lithuania
reemerged to take her rightful place among
the free nations of the world.
During her short-lived independence the
country grew, prospered, and left an indelible
influence for good upon the onrushing
course of world events. Her domestic econ-
omy and foreign trade expanded mightily.
Long-needed social services were Instituted,
her cultural life thrived under peaceful sur-
roundings. Education once again became a
reality for her people and agriculture her
principal Industry greatly benefited.
But Lithuanian freedom was tragically
shortlived. For in June of 1940 the armies
of Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany flag-
rantly violated the canons of international
law and the rights of man and brutally sub-
jected the Lithuanian people to a tyranny
as cold-blooded and remorseless as any act
of aggression committed In this century of
total war. The tragic events that followed
are too well known ever to be forgotten.
The soul of a proud and great nation lives
on beneath the brutal yoke of Soviet tyr-
anny. It lives In the hearts of Lithuanian
countrymen who cling to the motherland in
the face of Communist enslavement. It lives
 (UNESCO) has published a booklet written
by two Russians and which denounces "co-
lonial oppression" and describes the Soviet
Union, as a "brotherhood of free and equal
peoples." (At the moment, Russia is notori-
osly persecuting Jews.) The United States
pays one-third of UNESCO's budget.
When the U.N. was founded the United
States agreed to pick up a large share of its
expenses because the United States was com-
paratively wealthy and unscarred by World
War II as so many other nations were, And
the U.N. was born out of an American ideal,
peace with justice.
But it was never contemplated by Amer-
icans that they would be used to finance ac-
tivities that are directly counter to America's
best interests and foreign policies. The
United States may not always be able to
have its way on U.N. policies, but it certainly
should not feel obliged to finance specific
anti-American policies.
If the United States continues to support
the U.N. Special Fund after the defiance of
U.S. views on Cuba, Congress would well
be justified in cutting off any funds for the
Special Fund. No other nation in the world
would go on supporting a group that so
blatantly and cynically ignored its, views.
(Russia, for example, refused to support
the U.N. action in the Congo.)
The incident also is an indication that
other nations do not take seriously Amer-
ica's view on Cuba. It's time to impress
them differently. The United States must
get back to the militant attitude on Cuba it
exhibited last October. What, for example,
does Rusk propose to do to back up his de-
mand that Russian troops get out of Cuba?
America awaits a White House answer on this
and the U.N. Special Fund.
The Great Bay State
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES A. BURKE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 28, 1963
-Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, both on
the National and the State level we hear
repeatedly that the proper amount of
promotion in the field of tourism can be
a tremendous boost to our economy. We
in the Federal Government are extremely
happy at the emphasis this- administra-
tion is placing in the U.S. Travel Serv-
ice's drive to bring visitors to this
country. For a long time there was a
tendency at all levels of government to
treat tourism as sort of a stepchild.
I was happy recently, along with other
Member of Congress to visit the' Travel
America" Auto Show at the District ,of
Columbia Armory and to see there the
exhibits of a number of States promot-
ing' the attractions of their particular
areas. I was especially proud to see the
outstanding exhibit of my own Common-
wealth of Massachusetts. This exhibit
arranged by the Massachusetts Depart-
ment of Commerce, and staffed by a tal-
ented group, including a very lovely
young lady, Miss Gayle Pope, who is "Miss
Massachusetts." I commend the mem-
bers of the Bay State delegation and
both the House and the Senate for the
cooperation they gave to the Common-
wealth in connection with this show.
I was also happy to note that the Gov-
ernor of Massachusetts, Endicott Pea-
body, took time from a busy schedule
in Washington to appear at the show.
More promotions of this nature will
-mean more visitors for the various States
with the end result that the entire econ-
omy will benefit. As a son of Massa-
chusetts, I want to state I was very proud
of all the participants in this exhibit.
(11'ding the Enemy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. H. R. GROSS
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I wish it
were possible for all Americans to read.
the editorial pages of the Washington
Evening Star of last Friday, February 15.
Appearing on those pages are three ex-
cellent commentaries-a Star editorial
and columns by William S. White and
David Lawrence-on the Cuban aid proj-
ect of the United Nations Special Fund
and the pro-Communist booklet issued
by the United Nations Educational, Sci-
entific, and Cultural Organization.
Few Americans, I am sure, will be
fooled by President Kennedy's feeble ar-
gument that U.S. dollars will not be
used in the Cuban aid deal. The Special
Fund gets 40 percent of its money from
the United States. All contributions go
into one pot, and to argue that our
money will not be used is like saying that
you can pour cream from the top of a
bottle of homogenized milk.
Following are the Star editorial and
the. columns by Mr. White and, Mr.
Lawrence:
It's been a long time since we've read any-
thing feebler than the disclaimers by the
President and by Paul G. Hoffman with re-
spect to the United Nations project to bol-
ster Fidel Castro's Communist Cuba.
Mr. Kennedy brushed off the matter by
telling his news conference that no U.S. dol-
lars axe going to Cuba, which is an equivoca-
tion. Mr. Hoffman, Managing Director of
the 'U.N. Special Fund, said the same thing,
and added that maybe Castro won't benefit
in the long run.
Maybe not. But the undeniable fact is
that the Special Fund, which gets 40 percent
of its money from the United States, pro-
poses to put up $1,157,600 to be spent
through the U.N. Food and Agricultural Or-
ganization to help Cuba's farm economy.
This isn't much money as things go these
days. But it still is more than $1 million,
and to say they are not American dollars is
to quibble about a bookkeeping transaction.
As long as the United States puts up 40 per-
cent of the Special Fund money it contrib-
utes indirectly to the U.N. Cuban invest-
ment-an investment which Mr. Hoffman
has authorized on a trial basis deepite re-
ported strenuous objections from the State
Department.
Meanwhile, it is disclosed that another
V.N. organization, UNESCO, which gets 31.46
percent of its funds from the State Depart-
ment, put up the money last year to pay for
publication of a Russian-written brochure
which denounces "colonialist oppression" by
the Western nations and praises the Soviet
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IN TEE HOUSE OP. REPRESENTATIVES-
Mr, RUMSFLD Mr. Speaer, un-
der leave to revise and extend my re-
marks in the Appendix of the`CoriceES-
SIONAL RECORD, I submit the following
editorial from the Chicago Sun-Times of
February 15, 08.
Today on the floor of the mouse of
Representatives, I have discussed the re-
dent United-Nations proposal to give $1.5
millionof aid to Communist Cuba. ?,
In addition, I wish'to point up my dis-
approval of the situation concerning
UNESCO which is di,suss in this ect-
torial. Ass indcated,_the United Nations
Educational, Soientiiic~ and Cultural -Or
ga151zation lias published a booklet writ-
ten, by two Russians ,which` denounces
"coloxiial oppression" and describes` the
Soviet Union ys a "brotherhood of free
and equal peoples." 'l`'liis is an addi-
tional e~ampTe of the United states sup-
porting agencies of the United Nations-
in this oase the United States pays, a~p~
proximately one-third of LTI~ESCO's
budget-which are carrying out policies
whicri _ are, not, in the interest , of the
American people. this instance ispar-
ticularly notable in that the press has
so 1e6eitly been revealing fife notorious
Soviet persecution of Russian Jews.
This Nation is, looked to as the clarn-
pign of freedom by the captive peoples
of tile. world. ;.ale,p st noit,permit, a
situation to continue .? whereby we are
financing the publication of lies about
the free world on the one nct tie
slzlipression of truth about
Soviet perse-
cuttnnon th e9Qther
`The e itorial."t-ollows:
, ,~'iun r POLICY ;
Vol
7 he United, States.ms heiilg boxed into a
ridiculous position regarding Cuba.
A demand ti% Russia get its troops out
of Cuba because they 'poison the atmos-
phere" was voiced by Secretary of State Deane
Rusk in a Los Angeles speech Wednesday.
On the same dad, his office in Washington
was forced to irate wlt}i,rre~ggret that the
United Nations Special Fund is` going ahead
with a $1,5 million agricultural aid project
to Cuba. over _ 9 . jections. Tice United
States provides 40 percent of the funds ex-
penses.
This'.Nation ls in a state o'i ; undecarcd
war with Cuba. Fidel Castro has confiscated
more than $1 billion worth of American
property and has not paid one'dime in com-
pensation, as required by civilized standards:
He is an internptional irate and is exporting
insurrection to othexatln col%i~trlOki The
United States bag'fut oft trade with a In
items. that,,couicl.lelp the economy, and has
tried, to' disco rge other free nations from
trading with Cuba.
1V, ust th United States now staIt by help-
lessly while an agency of the U.N. hat could
not' exist without Americgn support >iels
Castro buildup his' economy
insult"to America.
The project -is an
,In another area of U.N.' activity, another
insult to America and the free 9vox1 has
been revealed, The United Nations E ea-
tional, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
'`,'ight'U N. Cuban Policy
EIENN qF REIVIARKS
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HON OWED RUN'SVEth
 Approve 0 0?* R000200230055-7 A757
their independence, but their homeland
remains under the alien yoke of'Soviet
communism. Whether in exile or resid-
ing in their native land, Lithuanians
have set apart this day to reaffirm their
devotion to the historic tradition of Lith-
uanian national independence. =e the
Russian czars who tried to impose their
way of life on this sturdy little nation
before World War I, the Soviet rulers
have been unable to erase the memories
of Lithuanian language, culture, and re-
ligion. Lithuanians recall the congress
of 200 citizens which declared a free, In-
dependent, and democratic Lithuania in
1918; they recall the civil liberties which
that government guaranteed, and the
peaceful and constructive role which
Lithuania played in international affairs
between the two -world wars. The In-
dependence Lithuania achieved in 1918
marked the fulfillment of ancient aspi-
rations, for during the Middle Ages Lith-
tiartia was a great Central European na-
tion, We share the hope of courageous
Lithuanians that the renewal of their
freedom. Is not far off. I am proud to
join my fellow Americans of Lithuanian
descent who yearn for national inde-
pendence with political and social
Justice.
Wall Map of the United States
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. WAYNE L. HAYS
or OSIO -
fl ills HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I have in-
of-&--w, all map of the United States.
These maps would be prepared coopera-
tively by the Bureau of Land Manage-
ment and Creological Survey of .the De-
partment of the Interior. Its Informa-
tion would also include historical data,
concerning public surveys, reservations,
and other appropriate dedications of
land of the United States. There will
be made available 43,900 copies for dis-
tribution by Members of the House of
Representative, and 15,450 for Members
of the Senate. The primary purpose of
this resolution Is to effect the congres-
sionAl-type distribution on a single-
sheet map. In a similar resolution ap=
proved in the 87th Congress, the dimen-
sions of the map were larger than re-
quested in this proposal and necessitated
the lase of two sheets which had to be
pasted together to effect a complete map. was created by the rounding Fathers as one
Because of the desire of many Members of the three branches of the Federal Govern-
to have the single-sheet type, with the meat.
information I have described, I am re- Through the years Congress has been a
questing that the provisions of House favorite target for jokesters and has been a
Concurrent Resolution 574-87th Con- convenient whipping boy for those who were
tress?-be suspended. I have written to displeased with what the Government was
secretary Udall about our desires in or wasn't doing.
doing
fun-
this matter, and IT and when the Con- We admit that Congress sometimes is fun-
niez that a comic opera and often is as irri-
Kress approves this resolution, I am ad- feting as a spoiled child but we are always
vised that the Department can* begin forced to the conclusion that any Congress,
processing and printing of this import-
ant, informative map to satisfy requests
of all Members for its need.
Our Popular Pastime
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON
Or ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, January 17, 1963
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I be-
lieve that I have previously called the
attention of the Members of the House
to the unusual amount of criticism that
is csrrently being heaped upon the
heads of Members of Congress. Some
of this criticism is warranted. Unfor-
tunately, some of the criticism seems to
stem from a basic lack of appreciation
for our system of government with its
built-in checks and balances. We live
in a streamlined age; perhaps, there-
fore, it is only natural that some people
believe that our present system of con-
stitutional government should - be
streamlined in order to qualify for the
-apace age. It is my belief that there is
a far more basic reason than a simple
veneration for tradition that bids us go
slowly in changing the basic structure
of o it Government. As I have already
indicated, this Is not to imply that all
criticism of Congressmen is merely cap-
tious or fanciful. I believe personally
that in the area of conflict of interest
and also in the area of dealing with
budgetary matters that some genuine re-
forms are needed. However, I am just
as prepared to firmly defend the role
of Congress as one of the three great
coordinate branches of our Federal Gov-
ernment.
Also, I must confess to some consider-
able impatience with those who would
condemn all Congressmen because of the
faults of a few. Therefore. when I read
the following editorial by Mr. Ken
Smith, the very capable editor of the
Rochelle New Leader, I was immensely
reassured. The writer demonstrates, I
think, the kind of rational and measured
app:.reciation of the problems of Con-
gress that are all too lacking in some
of the current commentary. Therefore,
I take pride in commanding the follow-
ing editorial entitled, "Our Popular
Pastime" to my colleagues in the House
of Representatives:
Ova POPULAR PASTIME
Criticism of Congress has been a favorite
American pastime almost from the time it
no matter how bad, Is better than none at
all.
Most of the responsible criticism of Con-
gress springs from the extremely slow pace
at which it moves, the almost constant
necessity to compromise, the jealousies that
frequently exist, the continual jockeying for
political advantage and strict adherence to
the seniority rule in committee chairman-
ships.
All of these complaints have been valid at
one time or another but have made little
long-range impression on Congress. The
House and Senate still follow with little
change the rules and traditions that were
acquired during the first 100 years of the
Republic.
One of the first requirements for being a
Congressman is a thick skin for Congress is
nearly in a position where it is criticized
regardless of what it does.
If Congress quickly puts through a pro-
gram of legislation asked by the administra-
tion it is a rubber stamp Congress. If it
fails to do so it is an obstructionist Congress.
If it passes too many new bits of legislation
it Is a busybody; if the number of bills
passed is small It Is a do-nothing Congress.
If the Members spend considerable time
on junkets or with the folks back home they
are criticized for not tending to their busi-
ness of law making. If they stay in Wash-
ington too long they are accused of being
out of touch with the folks back home.
If they too closely follow the wishes of the
people of their district they are being provin-
cial and neglecting the general interest of
their country. If they do not reflect the
sentiments of their constituents they are
taken to task for flaunting the will of the
voters.
If they try to get all the advantages they
can for their district they are pork barrelers
but if they don't get them they most likely
will cease to be Congressmen.
If they adhere strictly to the political party
line they are party hacks but if they don't
they are political mavericks.
If they yield to any pressure group they are
called the captives of the lobbyists but if they
oppose legislation in which a strong pressure
group is interested they are branded as an
enemy of the group and a foe to progress.
If they are free with Government funds
they are spendthrifts but if they try to keep
spending In check they are accused of put-
ting property rights above human rights.
If they spend a lot of time debating a bill
they are called a bunch of windbags but if
they push legislation through with little or
no debate they are accused of using steam-
roller tactics.
The 88th Congress, now In session, will be
subjedt to all the usual criticisms and few
people-least of all the Congressmen-will be
especially concerned.
When this country adopted a representa-
tive form of government under a written
constitution it was not seeking the most
efficient type of rule but rather the type that
would be most responsible to the people.
By its very nature Congress is and ought
to be a cross section of all the people of the
united States. Senators will nearly always
reflect the attitudes of their States and Rep-
resentatives will mirror the people of their
district.
There may be times when we think Con-
gress should speak with one voice and reflect
the national Interest rather than the inter-
est of the part of It they represent.
But until the people want to speak in-one
voice and submerge their own interests and
desires to those of the common good there
will be no unanimity in Congress. But then
if the people ever reach such a high state of
perfection there be little need for goverment
to any form except in the fields of inter-
national relations and national security.
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 ,-1968 Approved rLqM"S81M#JJ6J?PC. RQPM$R 000200230055-7 A759
Union as ,`a.,protherleod,9#,iree and equal bureaucracy in the U.N. Is able, in this in- would appropriate money over whose dis-
i? stance, to flout the central foreign policy tribution this country has no control.
0#11 es "
ll as someone ,floe Said, it's a 4iezy designs of the very country that is carrying The argument that America, as a phlian-
world `Mr, I~1Inan c}ain;L ,h,e is confident the bulk of all the financial load for the thropically minded nation, should help un-
that Conggress will not take any reprisals agency thus bureaucracy administers, derdeveloped or backward countries will con-
against i7.N.'funds, and he may be right. Finally it is also perfectly plain that the tinue to make a certain appeal. At a time,
For,Congress has demonstrated a remarkable- senior people in the State Department itself however, when the American people are be-
capacity to "take it" when it comes to shell are chagrined by this almost incredible epi- ing asked to incur a Treasury deficit of more
ing out American dollars for dubious ven- sode. How long before the U.S. delegation than $20 billion, it will 'doubtless occur to
tures around the world. And To ,.has, the, to the,U.N. under Ambassador Adlai Steven- many Members of Congress that this presents
American taxpayer. But there must be a son is made a part of the U.S. Government? a paradox which cannot be easily explained
limit somewhere, and this aid-to-Castro Flow soon will it cease having a foreign policy to the voters.
foolishness ought to show us where it is. of its own? The whole amount to be spent in Cuba
-- r And how long before the U.N. right-or- by the U.N. for the new project of agricultu-
CUBAN Am: PERVERTING His U.N. wrongers, who presently will tolerate no ral development is comparatively small-
(By CV111iam S. White-ism of it at any point for any reason, about $1.2 million. It isn't, however, the
This country's problem in' dealing with will realize that the good in this institution sum allocated but the-principle which both-
Castro Cuba has now been further bedeviled will not in the end survive by mere passion- ere the American Government at this time.
by an extraordinarily, ham-handed action ate refusals to see the follies that are per- The State Department tried to persuade the
within the United Nations, verting it out of all rational shape? U.N. officials that It would be an ,unwise
A V.N. suborganization called the Special move, but the protest was of no avail. Fur-
Fund has chosen this, untimely hour in his- THE U.S. AND AU.N. AID FOR STSTRO'S REGIME CUBA-PROPOSAL thermore, if this project goes through, it will
tort' to award a '$1,2 million United. Nations To SUSTAIN CME CALLED TURN- ING POINT FOR ORGANIZATION cause hesitation in Congress to approve all agricultural aid project to Fidel Castro. other appropriations for the benefit of the
The United States of,Aiperica provides 40 er- (By David Lawrence) United Nations.
cent of the, total .financial support of this The United Nations has reached a turn- Coincidentally with the announcement of
fund, of which the managing director, Paul tug point in its history. Sentiment in the the pro-Castro action by the director of the
G. Hoffman, is himself an Alnecripaxl, United States for withdrawal from the in- U.N. special fund, a pro-Communist booklet
This economic assistance to Mr. Castro, ternational organization has just been given issued by the United Nations Educational,
though no doubt small in the great scheme strong new impetus. For the American Scientific and Cultural Organization has
of things, comes precisely at the moment, people will be asked through Congress to come into the news. This publication extols
when the highest American policy is directed decide whether taxpayers' money shall be the alleged social and political equality ex-
to the econcrnlio destruction of Cuba as. an _ channeled into Cuba through the U.N. to isting inside the Soviet Union and asserts
open Soviet military base and a lodgment help Fidel Castro maintain his inhumane that Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia "volun-
for Soviet, Communist penetration in this regime. Hundreds of innocent persons have tarily joined the Soviet Union" in 1940. Ev-
hemisphere. been.executed by the gangster government erybody knows that early in World War II
It also coiner precisely at the moment in Havana, yet the U.N. puts its stamp of the Soviet army by. military force seized
when American. efforts- are directed to ex- approval on such a government by furnish- those three countries, which were then in-
plaining to other nations in Latin America ing funds to sustain the domestic position corporated into the Soviet Union, where they
that Mr. Castro Is an, outlaw and that anti of a cruel dictator. have remained ever since. This action has
Americanism is not a useful, line to take.-up Democrats as well as Republicans have never been recognized by the United States,
could not, possibly have been approved at a
time more -embarrassing to the United States
and more sixitable to l4 . Castro's book,
Mr,. Hoffman is quoted in the curious argu-
ment that, anyhow, the money which will go
to Mr. Castro will not come directly from
American _contributions. Sut, tuts 'surd
opposed to both Open and covert aggression.
?---- --- - 7 .
'The very note of our State Department
regretting this action calls inattention to
Cuba's "persistent policy of hostility toward
its neighbors." It declares,.moreover, that
Cuba's "support of subversion throughout
the hemisphere precludes the establishment
there of the normal cooperative relations,
necessary to the implementation of a United
Nations project."
.Nevertheless, the thing has been imple-
mented all the-same, and with nothing more
than a timid objection filed pack in 1961, by
the U.S. delegation to the United Nations.
State Departments informants privately con-
cede that there- was nothing in U.N. proce-
dure to have _prevented the United, $tAtes
from having demanded,.in 1961 or now, that
denounced the U.N.'s action on the floor of Great Britain and many other countries.
Congress. The assembly of captive, European nations,
The point is made by President Kennedy which is composed of political exiles from
that none of the money to be spent in Cuba the Eastern European Communist bloc, has
will come directly from the funds furnished protested against the booklet and calls it
by the United States. But funds can always Soviet propaganda.
be redistributed or reallocated to achieve a On the Senate floor yesterday, Democratic
political objective. The fact remains that whip HUBERT HUMPHREY declared that the
the American Government is paying a large statement in the U.N. booklet that the Baltic
share of the expenses of the U.N., and it is states had voluntarily joined the Soviet
no secret that the United States is trying to Union is pure patent nonsense. He said it
help liberate the people of Cuba by putting was intolerable that such a report should be
the squeeze on the island's economy. When published by an international organization
the U.N. flagrantly ignores the policy of the dedicated to truth and scientific knowledge.
United States, it brings up the broad ques- The United Nations is surely in for trouble
tion of whether financial aid by American with American public opinion. For it devel-
taxpayers shall be extended blindly and ops that UNESCO, which issued the booklet,
without any opportunity to keep the funds is financed nearly one-third by the people of
from being used to defeat the foreign policy this country and less than one-sixth by the
of this country. Soviet Union. Maybe Moscow should pay the
-U.N. officials argue that they are not in- whole bill.
terfering in the internal politics of Cuba.
But, realistically, anything that bolsters the
Cuban economy is an intervention, especially
at a moment when the United States is
trying, by means of a shipping boycott, to
weaken the Castro government and bring
about its downfall.
It will be said that the United States
cannot expect to influence the actions of. an
international or
anization i
hi
h it h
g
n w
c
as
bnis grant to Mr. Castro be ?et aside,,
They add that it was 'apparently our con- ` only one vote. But neither is the American
clusion"=meaning the-, conclusion of ours Government obligated to supply money for
an organization whose projects run counter
U.N. delegation in New York,,-tiliat,we..colld to American foreign policies,
not marshal, the required two-thirds vote The U.N. has been In deep financial trouble
Within the governing council which is sup-
nosed
bieli .to raise theers ma jority,
are not running it at all but are leaving it
set of the organization. Congress, however
--. Rnd not the State Department or the White
House-has the final say as to how the tax-
payers' money shall be loaned or given away.
The U.N. bond Issue had a tough time get-
ting through Congress last year, and there
are renewed expressions of doubt now even
about the foreign-aid program in which the
United States alone decides how to spend its
money. This will cause Congress at least to
examine more carefully any legislation that
Textbook Example
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM
OF NEBRASKA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I
would like to call the attention of the
House to an excellent editorial which
appeared in the Omaha Evening World-
Herald of February 6. The editorial dis-
cusses the Canadian debacle and identi-
fies it as one of a series of unfortunate
events:
TEXTBOOK EXAMPLE
This Nation's intervention in Canada's
defense policy might properly be set down
as a textbook example of how not to conduct
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 A760
FoC Sgq 2 .P6 N W0200230055-7February 18
As columnist Arthur Krock has pointed
out, the diplomatic note which the United
states sent was cleared by the White House
and was tied directly to the President. It.
therefore, cannot be dismissed as a blunder
by underlings, which is the -usual way of
excusing a top executive.
The wording was so blunt that It incited a
hostile reaction throughout Canada.
It came at a time when Canada's political
parties were conducting their own great de-
bate on defense and their relations with
NATO and the United States.
And it probably will lead, not only to the
fall of the present Canadian Government of
Mr. Dlefenbaker, but also to total failure
of the plan to place nuclear weapons in
Canadian bases.
Nuclear warheads are considered by com-
petent authorities to be essential to the de-
fense of North America. The Canadians
have recognized the obligation in principle.
but have? dragged their feet on actually
putting nuclear warheads on the intercep-
tors and bombers and missiles which guard
the DEW line early warning system and the
axone approaches to this hemisphere.
As Gen. Curtis LeMay said the other day.
there is a close and warm relationship be-
tween Canadian and United States military
men and no lack of understanding on basic
ls9ues, so far as they are concerned.
The lack of understanding has arisen
among the political leaders of the two na-
tions, In thin situation, a 'United States re-
minder of Canada's nuclear obligation cer-
tainly would have been proper even at the
risk of straining otherwise friendly relations.
Our country has a right to prod a reluctant
ally.
But to hit a reluctant ally with a sledge-
hammer blow that created a fury of anti-
Americanism and drove a wedge between the
two countries was neither proper nor
prudent.
Unfortunately, the affront to Canada is
not an Isolated event. It follows closely a
calculated rudeness toward the British in
the abrupt termination of the Skybolt mis-
sile. It brings to mind the lamentable lack
Of Insight revealed by the administration by
its dealings with General de Gaulle.
Perhaps, "'the Wall Street Journal-wryly
6ii'gested the other day, Mr. Kennedy's
rough treatment of Roger Slough and United
States Steel has become Washington's notion
of diplomacy. In any event, it is not the
-way to win friends and Influence allies.
Lithuanian Independence Day
HON. ROBERT R. BARRY
or NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963,
Mr. BARRY. lvIr. tpeaker, Lithuania.
as an independent nation, no' longer ex-
ists. Incorporated Into the Soviet Union
In 1940, the territory has been subjected
to brutal treatment. Thousands of its
inhabitants have been ex'lletl to Siberia.
Massacres instigated by Communist au-
thorities have annihilated entire villages,
with, tllg death toll for the entire nation
runniI1g Into the thousands. Much of
the land has been allotted to Russians
why hive begn set led on. Lithuanian
terrific y. The situation is grim and aP-
pears hopeless. But recent 'refugees
bring word that the people continue to
Strive for democratic privileges and,
above all, for independence.
Lithuania has existed as a modern na-
tion in this century. Czarist Russia had
claimed the land as part of its empire
since the 18th century, but the Lithua-
nian nationals established their own
government and declared themselves
free and sovereign from Russian rule on
February 16. 1918. It is this act on that
day which we commemorate as the 45th
anniversary of the declaration of inde-
pendence.
Lithuanian nationals scattered
throughout the world keep alive the
spirit of freedom for their homeland.
They remember that those who re-
mained under the oppressive Communist
rule once enjoyed rights as freemen.
The U.S. Government has refused to rec-
ognize the Communist takeover; it has
continued to bolster the morale of the
people through Voice of America broad-
casts.
All of us, then, must do our part to
iceep alive the spirit of freedom. We call
attention to their declaration of inde-
pendence, their symbol of liberty, and
extend to the Lithuanian people the hope
that their nation may once more be-
come a part of the world community,
free and sovereign. Therefore, I salute
the Indomitable spirit displayed by these
courageous people and their unyielding
refusal to submit to the oppression of to-
talitarianism. Lithuania will always ex-
ist as a nation In the minds and hearts
of people who recognize the dignity and
inherent rights of man.
More Administration Doubletalk
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BRUCE ALGER
O7 TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. A1:ER. IvSpeaker, the record
of the Kennedy a nistratio'h continues
to be orlQ'of confusion misinformation,
and doubletalk. For whatever reason
the administration cannot develop clear
and forthright policies, the result is that
we are courting disaster both at home
and abroad. Our people are confused,
our allies are beginning to mistrust us,
and our enemies may well miscalculate
our true intentions and push the button
for world war M. The President
should assume the full responsibility of
his office which means making meaning-
ful decisions and standing by them. Our
almost total lack of an effective foreign
policy is shown in the debacle of Cuba,
o,Ir shameful loss in Laos, the continu-
ing war in Vietnam where American boys
are dying. On the domestic front the
"Indecisiveness of the President is ere-
ating one of the worst strike records of
recent years, business is being hurt by
the proposals and counterproposals and
proposals to overturn proposals In the
'tax field, and the administration con-
tinues to flounder from one crisis to
another.
To point up the results of t1 lskirid of
leadership I would like to include' as a
part of these remarks two editorials
from the Wall Street Journal:
A FRIGHT FOE FRIENDS
To no one's great surprise, the end of
America's international payments deficit Is
glimmering ever farther away. Balance was
supposed to be restored late this year, but
now Treasury Secretary Dillon says it may
not come until 1964 or 1965.
At the rate the Government is going, that
could be unduly optimistic. Last year the
deficit was cut only $500 million from?$2.5
billion In 1981. And Washington officials
appear to be empty of useful ideas for getting
out of this hole.
Mr. Dillon evidently plans to go on doing
what he has been doing-make some effort
to reduce military spending broad. sell more
U.S. weapons to allies, require more foreign-
aid dollars to be spent in this country.
None of this Is enough; none of it gets to the
root of the matter.
So far the Government has also been
hoping that the Europeans would continue
to cooperate and not do anything to aggra-
vate the deficit. This hope looks consid-
erably less impressive than it did a few weeks
ago, with the Western alliance now in such
a disheveled state. If De Gaule wanted to
give a further demonstration of his anti-
Americanism, he could put quite a dent in
what's left of our gold stock. Even if he
has no such plans, this is an extremely poor
time to be weakening confidence in the dol-
lar, which is bound to be the consequence of
letting the deficit and gold outflow go on
almost unchecked.
Meantime, the only new suggestions being
heard fall far short of the mark. George
Mitchell, President Kennedy's sole appointee
to the Federal Reserve Board, rightly ex-
presses concern about the failure of the pay-
ments situation to improve enough to show
the world our determination to correct It.
Mr. Mitchell's ideas of correctives are two
new steps. One Is a special tax Incentive for
V .S. exporters designed to lower the cost of
American goods abroad; yet exports are the
brightest part of the payments picture. The
other is a special tax on movements of U.S.
capital to Europe, aimed at trying to dis-
courage European borrowing here; yet the
return from U.S. investments exceeds the
outflow.
This second proposal, Mr. Mitchell insists,
would not be an outright curb on the ex-
change of U.S. dollars into European cur-
rencies. All the same, it seems clearly head-
ed in the direction of exchange controls,
something the Government has opposed
until now.
Exchange controls would Indeed be an ad-
mission of defeat. Moreover, such inter-
ference with capital movements would prob-
ably give everybody such a scare that it
would worsen the whole payments conditioq.
That, though, is the kind of fix govern-
ments get into when they refuse to apply
real remedies to their policies. A govern-
ment, for example, will inflate the money
supply for political or other purposes; then,
when the Inflation is getting out of hand it
will slap on wage-price controls in a futile
attempt to deal with symptoms. In the
same simple-minded way, the time may come
when exchange controls are presented as the
cure of the payments sickness.
What urgsntly needs serious analysis and
fundamental correction is the Government's
entire monetary and fiscal policy at home v
and abroad. No matter how much the Gov-
ernment tried to blame others for the pay-
ments deficit, the fact is that if you re-
move Government from the calculation, there
would be a payments surplus on commercial
export and investment accounts. At home
the Government is wedded to easy money and
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A74$ R - - A February .
ezvJoy preferred State and local tax treat- militarily or, economically of _ a Sovietized plant, hailed as the "most modern mattress
tt
rneti , An4 whereas goopanies are. tightly Communist foothold; and the climax, factory in the Southwest," a 65,000-square-
regulated by State, and Federal agencies, most though of brief duration, was the naval foot manufacturing area and enough display
co-ops can set their own rates. So the co- blockade which recognized the fact, finally, and office space to add up to a 77,000-square-
lops, competitive advantage is immense. that, yes, Castro's Cuba is an enemy. foot plant on McNeil Road, on Austin's North
Now theres .ne fal iy simple waj to bring By what fantastic reasoning is it now sup- Side.
about olxiet
t ion on a mare nearly equal posed that the people of the United States Significantly, Dormae signed on 2 years
basis. And that js to at. ip the REA co o,ps should pay for, or condone, free gifts to ago as a licensee of Serta Associates, Inc.,
of their protective mantle of subsidies and Castro to ball him out? one-,of in the national bed-
p,r6ferme is and thus force them to' ready In the same category of U.N. mischief is ding manufacturer's group and makers of
Compete' with private companies. in short, UNESCO's newest, publication, a gushing the "Perfect Sleeper" mattresses for more
ake, the EBA?pay its way in the market- tribute to,., Soviet Russia's virtue, as this than a quarter century.
place propagandic bilge describes it, as a brother- Technically, Dormae is one of 42 member
but as jt is t1eEA stands as an archtype hood of free and equal peoples. For that factories of the Serta group in the. United
of a Governm xis agency that root only re- blurb, to be put in world circulation, Uncle States, Canada, the Philippine Islands and
fuses tqdie wheia no IQi er needed but also Sam also is tapped for a third of the cost,
Brazil.
uses every unfair means available to kill off it is expensive enough for the United To help show off his new plant, Smith
as addressed to keeping this Nation and the Chicago, and several hundred Dormae re-
whole free world secure. It is pre- tailers, Austin civic officials, and business
posterous to suggest further adventures in friends.
financing operations, in any particular, of Dormae's beginning actually was the one-
the enemy. time Hurley mattress plant at 1101 East
br TENNESSEE
VW
IN THE HOUSE OFt.E'RESENTATIES Monday, 1s'ebruary 1~8, 1963
Mr. V NO,`.z Jr speaer; 1t is well
known that tke U,nijed. States tias Wggd,
and takex~ste s to evoke economic sang-
tions against the Castro regime in Cuba.
it is also well known. that,..the United
States has been pee o tl~e most vigor-
OLIS 'd,t~S>90~tirS Q~ tt1( Ufiited~ation~ and
that thg U ilt St s cell respon-
sible o keeping the, U.N. in a solvent
ftnancialoladitan
It se gos incredible hat ,now, the ,17.1`7,_
I's going to grant, money to the Castro
gbv rrimeiit to build up their agricul-
tune an in erect to, mproye their eco-
nolnic ituatlpn
Ntr speaker; under unanimous can-
sent, I nclue g,the t?el etrati?7g, editorial
on this su ]ectwhich appeared recently
iu tkieVas vt1~Baairiex,
INCRFDLBLE JA4if~}5,9,Eii'Y.
There is 'incredible stupidity In the idea
that the United States should sanction, a
U.N. money grant to build up agriculture in
Castro's Cuba; and booby hatch arithmetic
in attendant assurances that this shot.,izx tie
aria} to bolster that enemy's staggering econ-
omy 'wouldn't cost anything. That the pro-
--gram to that end originates with Paul P.,
Hoffman, one of our U,N. .people, is a fact
hardly calculated to redeem it from the tag
of further policy jackassery
'Phe United States Tpot$ &o percent of the
bill, for the whlole,U e, eciai fund ,ppera-
tion, headed by Mr. Hoffman; But if it
cost this, Nation not a penny, it still would
transgress basic consideraCions of declared?
policy and good sense.
As long ago as October 1960, the United
States clanipeddown an, embargo onship-
ments t9-Cuba To i hten that in the. light
of developing realities, Washington made
motions Sat ,October of?action, to penalize
all shipowners transporting Soviet-bloc sup-
plies to that land and' another provision
was and dlai et d tp bar,from U. ports any
ship that on a c-ontinuous voyage had de-
livexed nonmilitary Communist cargoes to
We h ye 3oineil other member counties
of ,tl}.e OrganTzat on of American Stato to
the deeleratiou and , policy-enforced' by
dim, too forbidding business with Castro;
on ethe premise of hemispheric solidarity
against an avowed enemy. We have, in short,
refused to be a party to the buildup either
Both pieces of this highhanded monkey Sixth Street, which Smith acquired several
business, are under heavy fire in Congress. years ago. For a time, Dormae was housed
An accounting is due, by more than ' Mt'. in the fire-razed oil mill in East Austin.
Hoffman, but certainly including him. It Is Then came the new plant on McNeil Road.
time thatsoniebody exercised the prerogative The production line techniques will en-
where policy is con- able, Serta Division to produce 800 pieces
of advice and consent
cerned. par clay, utilizing 50 employees. The com-
Milton Smith, of Austin: A Texas
Success Story
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON...RALPH YARBOROUGH.
OF TEXAS
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday; February 18, 1963
Mr, YARBOROUGH. Mr President,
32 years ago a young high school gradu-
ate came to Austin, Tex., from San
Marcos, to engage in business. That was
the same year I moved to Austin from
El. Paso,
- Milton Smith's rise as a furniture
manufacturer is one, of, the, , moderl},
businesssuccess stories of Austin, - He,
and his-wife are civic and social leaders,
as well as being engaged in business in
Austin, my hometown. They support
good government for the people.
Mr. Dave Shanks, editor of the busi-
ness section of the daily Austin Ameri-
can, and author of the column, "View-
point," printed an account of Mr.
Smith's business success under the title
"Viewpoint-Milton Smith's Ventures:
Now Mattresses Included" in the Decem-
ber 28, 1962 issue of the Austin Ameri-
can. I ask unanimous consent that the
article be printed in the Appendix to the
RECORD today.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MILTON SMITH'S VENTURES: Now MATTRESSES
. INCLUDED
(By Dave Shanks)
Fresh from high school in San Antonio,
Milton T. Smith came to Austin to start a
furniture upholstery business.
'kiat,was 82 years ago; last October 18.
Smith currently is the chief mogul
in a furniture manufacturing complex big
enough to rank him in the top half dozen
Austin employers at his Economy Furniture,
Inc., which has its own growthy corporate
subsidiary, Dormae Products, Inc.
Dormae this week Is showing -off a new
pany supplies customers in over 2,00 counties
of Texas, as well 'as in New Mexico, Okla-
homa, Colorado, Louisiana, and Mexico, us-
ing its own fleet of trucks.
About Dormae's future, Serta President
Ferguson says the new division probably
will fie one of Serta's ma,). or .
producers with-
in less than 5 years.
The national bedding manufacturing in.
dustry is a big-scale marketing venture,
headed by Simmons (a corporate manufac-
turer) and Serta and Sealy, both of whom
are utilizing licensees tQ manufacture prod-
ucts sold under the Serta and Sealy trade
names. Serta has 42 of the
about 35. plants, Sealy
Serta was organized in the 1930's by half
a dozen mattress makers, whose firms tra-
ditionally are small scale. Fifteen years ago,
Ferguson came over from Sears to Serta,
and he's been running the show for the last
several years. .
Some industry problems: A new standard-
sized bed. The oldtime 39,- by 75-inch bed
size is a little small. Now, the length is
about 80 to 82 Inches, mostly because every-
body is a little bit taller than they were
years ago.
As for Smith, his business seems to keep
on growing. Although he doesn't come right
out with direct estimates of his employment,
Smith's Economy Furniture reportedly hires
about 250 persons to make Western Provin-
cial, Smithtowne Maple, Bilt-Rite, and Roy-
al Danish brand name furniture lines, that
are marketed in permanent showrooms in
Chicago, Dallas, Seattle, San Francisco, Los
Angeles, and Atlanta.
Smith is president of Economy. Guy C.
Baird is sales manager. At Dormae, Bud
Sweazea is general manager.
TO, Wall
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM
OF NEBRASKA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I
would like to call the attention of the
House to an excellent editorial which
appeared in the Omaha World-Herald,
of January 26, 1963. The following ed-
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6 CO G> .~5IpbX L RECORD 747
lEeSii t c characteristics as the tree from Orego i. The public enjoys U- I anit ' jam. `The Deadly Competitor
711YISGi.it,came-its parent. fts2ling pridileges, and the camp and picnic
The -he! ;ht of the seed trees are kepi row so then set out thousands of young cotton-
the coneamay be picked with ease. Through woods along the riverbanks and islands.
controlled pollination with man's help and This' company now has five tree farms in
natures 'wonders an 'annual cone or seed Oregon' and three in Washington. ll
ofop Is. produced, a 'far cry indeed from our The Sin psdn CO. obtalns` its raw material
h1d hi't-and-miss svstem_ from 530. 006 -acres of timberlands. This
ilrtl$cfalpollinations are made by inclos-
Ing,a section of it branch of the selected tree
is a plastic bag. The ban Is punctured with
a long bypodermic neede and the cone Is
pollenized with the pollen from the selected
tree to be crossed. Thcsc are called dam and
sire trees.
The main obstacle to tree-Improvement
breeding Is the Iong breeding cycle of forest
trees, Forest.trees in the fir and hemlock
area develop from seed, to seedling, to ma-
turity in 120 years or more.
Dr..$gbert.$,_Gao Abell. assistant professor
of Best. genetics. 'College of Forestry and
Institute- of forest Products, -'University of
Waalldngton, fins conducted research in for-
eat genetics for many years. He has been
successf}il in a estimation of_genetic gain
in wood charac , es of mature trees re-
wilting from see ling selections.
A tree farm fn. an area of privately owned
forest Nand On wheel are grown continuous
crops of merchantable forest products, under
the beat known forest management. These
practices Include Intensive protection from
Are. Insects, and disease, planned harvesting.
and orderly removal of mature timber crops.
To quality as a certified tree farm, forest land
must be operated according to rules which
apply over all the United States. This pro-
gram was started by the Government In 1941.
The American tree farm is similar in many
ways to the tree farms [small woodland) in
Denmark, Finland, _ Prance, Germany, Nor-
way, end Sweden. The main difference is
that the Governments in these countries
have laws which apply to both public and
private land In regard to forest management.
In the United $tates private forest landown-
ern have banded ether under an organi-
zation known, as She National Tree Farms.
and have established rules pertaining to good
forest `practices as well as rules regarding
Are, disease, and Insect control.
The Westeni Pine Assgclation sponsors tree
farmil -In ltg _.region among all timberland
ownistis large or small. The 12-State went-
ern pine region has been In existence for
id years and now has more than 1,400 tree
ftrms_under Its jurisdiction totaling about
7 million acres. Western Oregon has 2,-
697,460 acres and western Washington has
8,504,150 acres in certified tree farms. The
large tree farms. regardless of location, are
open to the public, free of charge, for hunt-
ing, fishing and camping.
Overripe trees grow very slowly. Old-
growth forests are easy prey to insects and
disease. Proven harvesting methods (selec-
tive cutting) removes insect susceptibility in
overripe trees and leaves the forest in a
healthy growing condition. The danger of
bark beetles Cite largely be'reduced by mark-
ing for cutting the trees most iuaceptible to
comp: nf?annuAiT reforests about 5,000 acres
or-iinberland through hand planting and
aerial seeding. The Simpson Redwood Tree
Yarm Includes cutover and second-growth
lands in Del Worts and Humboldt Counties.
Calif. It Is also operated on a sustained
yield bas's. 7n both tree farm areas- the
eom' -tjrtiitdntains, free for the public use,
camp, picnic, and playgrounds.
The Shelton Cooperative sustained yield
ufiit" In Mason and Grays Harbor Counties
in-the State of Washington contains 240.000
acres of company-owned timberland com-
bined with 111,400 acres of U.S. Purest Ser-
vice-land under 100-year management con-
tract signed in 1948: The object of this
unique contract. authorized by Public Law
273, the Sustained Yield Act of 1944, Is to
keep all lands- within the Shelton unit in
continuous tree production, to stabilize the
economy of dependent communities served
by the act, and to develop maximum conser-
vation practices.
The V.B. Forest Service operates under the
multiple-use program. This means that
these public lands are managed so that por-
tions that are best suited and adopted for
lumbering, grazing, wildlife, watershed, and
recreational purposes are used for such pur-
poses and, through'areful planning, two or
more uses may be found that are capable
of existing together. Water, timber produc-
tion, and other public welfare requirements
can be met on a sustained basis which will
support the economy of the Nation.
The Forest Service maintains many good
gravel roads in the national forests. Along
these roads, forest camps and picnic grounds
are established and maintained for the pub-
lic's use. These camps contain outdoor fire-
placer, picnic tables, sanitary facilities, and
garbage disposal units. A supply of wood is
usually provided, also. From many of these
campsites good trails which the Government
constructed and maintained lead to lakes
or scenic spots.
A city dweller can transport his whole
family within a few hours to these forest
campgrounds. This is the reasod that sev-
eral million people visit our forest camps in
our national forests annually. Most of these
people assume that these forest camps are
wilderness areas because they may be lo-
cated 50 miles within the border of the
national forest.
The wilderness area under the wilderness
bill means primitive area. They contain no
roads and no established campgrounds.
They can be entered only on foot or with a
paClflorsr "Only those who are physically
strong and can carry a pack on their back
to supply their needs-usually 90 pounds or
more-can use this area.
What price wilderness? How many fami-
lies would be able to hike many miles into
these primitive areas? Can our country af-
ford to take several million acres of workable
forest land and make It into a primitive
oft *MIThT will become a breeding ground
for pests and disease? What will it cost our
tree !arms, State school land., and our Na-
tional Pot'est Service to combat the Increased
-.Tula is part of the nationwide tree farm
program' which includes 45 States within
whose bordgrs are liboiit 49 million, acres of
privately owned forest land.
The Weyerhaeuser Co. established the first
,certified tree farm. in the United States.
This company now has 12 certified tree farms
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL
or ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, there
seems to be an increasing interest in the
Nation's press about the current activi-
ties of the Rural Electrification Admin-
istration and its tendencies to go beyond
the role set out for the agency in the
Rural Electrification Act. The Wall
Street Journal is the latest to express its
concern editorially on Tuesday, Febru-
ary 12, 1963. This editorial calls REA
the Deadly Competitor.
There does, however, appear to be a
typographical error In the third para-
graph of the Wall Street Journal edi-
torial where it refers to "16 percent" of
its loans are going to build new generat-
ing and transmission lilies. The year-
end statement put out recently by REA
pointed out that "for the second straight
year, generation and transmission loans
accounted for more than half-55.5 per-
cent in 1962-of the total loans ap-
proved."
Notwithstanding this typographical
error, I think the editorial is worthwhile
reading for every Member of this Cham-
ber as an indication of this growing
problem. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to insert this state-
ment of editorial opinion of the Wall
Street Journal in the CONGRESSIONAL
REcoan.
TI'S DEADLY COMPETITOR
The act of 1936 setting up the Rural Elec-
trification Administration authorized the
agency to make loans for furnishing elec-
tricity to "persons in rural areas." How is
it, then, that in the last few years five out
of six new REA co-op customers haven't been
truly rural at all, but commercial, Industrial
and nonrural residential?
For one thing. REA activities reflect the
changing character of the Nation; farms are
fewer, suburbs have sprawled out from the
cities into once-rural lands. And REA Ad-
ministrator Norman Clapp contends that a
territory developed by a co-op "in good faith"
when it was rural still is co-op territory even
though today it may be a vast suburban or
Industrial complex.
For another, as Hubert Kay notes in an
article In the February Fortune magazine,
the REA's co-ops have become Increasingly
aggressive in going after commercial-indus-
trial business. So much so that whereas it
once used only 2.5 percent of its loans to
build new generating plants and transmis-
sion lines it now uses over 16 percent. The
REA system's rapid growthas apower-pro-
ducer has further alarmed already skittish
investor-owned power companies which see
in REA an ever-expanding power grid with
which they cannot forever compete.
For the private utilities pay from 4 to 5
percent for money they need to borrow; the
co-ops have the use of Federal funds at 2
percent which the Government borrows at
4 percent. Utilities pay out about 24 cents
in taxes of each dollar received, Including
13 cents in Federal income tax; co-ops pay
no direct Federal taxes at all and, as co-ops,
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itor'lal Call or,a complete factual report pressman ROBERT H. MICHEr, of rilinois, - 11 on th+ Cu an ,mess createcl by III
the Ken haft taken what I consider to be a real-
netly administration, ist}c, though blunt, view of the adminis-.
[From the Omaha World-Herald, Jan 'L8 tration's farm program, i concur with
r I''ACTS ONCVSA..'
The Armed forces of the United States are
ComInanded by generals and 'admirals who
learned in World War It and in Korea the
importance of air cover in an attempted
invasion.
`Yet we Americans are now told-on- the
-highest authority that no air support by
U.S. Forces was ever contemplated . in the
Cuban invasion of,19e1. And we are told by
the Presidents br ther that the Joint Chiefs
.of Staff approved the plan.
This is exactly the opposite ` of the ` im-
pression the American people have been -per-
lnitted to entertain these past 21 months.
It is contrary to what Cuban rebel leaders
say was their understanding at the time.
The story that had been generally accepted
until now is that plans had been made to
provide U.S. air cover, but that the Presi-
dent called them off.,
Members of Congress. are distressed'bythis
long-delayed clarification by the Kennedy
administration, and we surmise that the Con-
gressmen have a lot of company among their
constituents.
It is not enough that the President takes
the blame for the failure of, the landinrg.
The American people should be told precisely
what it is for which he Is taking the blani,e,
Who made ' the planning errors ltlho` ap-
proved them? Were the plans changed, and,
if so, at what stage of the invasion were
they changed?
The questions press for answers because
this country now faces what appears to be
another ominous turn, of eve4ts in _Quba,
Senator T EAT NG, Republican, of New York,
who was the unheeded herald ' of the Soviet
buildup in Cuba last summer and fall, says
new, intensive military activity is underway
there. It involves many weapons, including
fighter planes that can carry nuclear war-
heads, and torpedo boats that can do the
sanie.
The New York Times Seryi9e tells-9l busy,
secret activity of Soviet troops and encamp-
ments In Cuba and ".Highly sophisticated
ground and air defenses" now being in-
stalled.
By all the signs, something is cooking in
Cuba.., Yet the essident says in effect that
all is well. Ife, says only one Russian shipp
has landed. in liar na since ; October We
says there is no evidence that ofensivearms
were In Its cargo. He says our planes 'are
keeping sharp surveillance. And so on, in re-
assuring. phrases.
But if it takes almost 2 years to get the
administration's version of.someof the facts.
about one Cuban crisis, can the American
people be sure they are getting 'all` the uni-_
adorned facts about Cuba now? .. -
We believe that is a fair ` question. We be'-'
lieve Members of Congress are fully justified
in pressing for the full story of what went
-on In Cuba in 11361, 'hi 11962 and what is
A Realistic View of the Farm Program
EXTENSION
ON., SILIQ 0 ~ONTE
or `WA0 ~ilr
Il5 T'HE ITSSU ~F l 'z~v
Mond- , February fL 9G
hixi in that view when he call,s the farm
program "a masterpiece of Keynesian
double talk. For New England the
farm program simply means more regu-
, jat on, higher taxes to pay for it, higher
costs of feed for our dairy and poultry
producers and higher prices for every
consumer.
I The Chicago Tribune pushes this ana-
logy of double talk a bit further in an
editorial complimenting Congressman
makes some interesting points which I
know will be of concern to those taking
an overall view of this year's proposals.
- Therefore, Mr. Speaker, under the
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I include the following editorial
from the Chicago Tribune of February
x.3,_.1963
DEFENDING THE INDEFENSIBLE
Representative MICHEL, Republican, of
Illinois, a member of the House Appropria-
tions Committee's agriculture subcommit-
tee, describes President Kennedy's latest
pitch for new farm legislation as "phony"
and a "masterpiece of Keynesian double
talk." In a speech to an Illinois State Cham-
ber of Commerce meeting, Representative
MICHEL, observed that although the adminis-
tration claims credit for substantially boost-
ing farm income, reducing surpluses, and
cutting farm program costs to taxpayers, the
President maintains that feed grains, dairy
products, and cotton are in trouble and must
be rescued by more subsidies.
-- Well, if this appea':s inconsistent and con-
tradictory, consider what the President is
up against. He has taken it upon himself
to defend a farm program under which the
government pays farmers for not growing
crops, while at the same time raising sub-
sides and paying for conservation practices
that encourage them to grow crops.
- It buys crops to keep prices high, then
sells them to depress prices. It tries to
promote exports to reduce the surpluses,
then sets prices too high to sell them. It
reclaims new land for ag -cultural produc-
tion under one program and retires land
under another.
The President, in other words, is attempt-
ing to defend a program that is costly un-
workable, and Indefensible.
Planned Deficit
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
. HON. CHARLES B. HOEVEN
OF. IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
7r. HO>;VEN. Mr Speaker, I would
like to call the attention of the House
to An excellent editorial which appeared
in' the Des Moines Register of February
7. This article, a reprint from the Wall
Street Journal, poses some questions
about the so-called "planned deficit"
theory of Government financing.
the editoriaffollows:
WALL STREET JOURNAL WRITER DEBUNXS
1VIr. C'QI~E, Mr, Speaker, 'di -t' n- In arguing for its tax program the Ken-
separate the Idea of tax cuts from the
thought df the deficits which would accom-
pRliy them. _ ,
It says present taxes are burdensome and
should be reduced, which is probably true,
but it doesn't any longer claim, as it once
did, that deficits themselves would stimulate
business.
.Nevertheless, the two ideas can't very well
be separated, especially when the Govern-
ment continues to insist that its spending
Should not be out. Among some economists,
the idea that governmental deficits are stim-
ulants for business is still very much alive.
IT REMAINS UNPROVEN
Yet this claim remains unproven. Appar-
ently it stems from the experiences of great
wars, when business operates at capacity,
accompanied by large deficits.
However, at such times the Government
invades the commercial markets with over-
whelmingly enormous demands for goods
and services in competition with normal
needs-all for the waste of war and regard-
less of costs.
To see how, deficits work in peacetime it
is more useful to analyze the results dur-
ing substantial periods of years, both here
and in other countries.
THE TWO PERIODS
Two such periods were the years 1932 to
1940 inclusive, and 1949 to 1962, inclusive. In
addition, figures are easily available for some
European countries for the 1950's.
There were Federal Government deficits in
every one of the 9 years 1932-40. In rela-
tion to the then economic size of the Nation,
they were quite large, ranging from just
under $2 billion- to more than $4 billion,
figures which even today are regarded as
substantial.
In relation to gross national production
(GNP) the deficits ranged from 1.3 percent
to 5.5 percent, and the average was just
slightly less than 4 percent. In spite of these
substantial deficits, unemployment in those,
years ranged from 14.3 percent of the labor
force to 24.9 percent, and averaged about 19
percent.
FOUR SURPLUSES, 10 DEFICITS
In the 14 years 1949-62 there were 4
surpluses and 10 deficits. The net total of
the deficits and surpluses, matched up
against the total of the gross national pro-
duction figures for all 14 years, shows an
average deficit of 0.7 percent of GNP.
In spite of this much smaller relative
deficit than in the 1930's the rate of unem-
ployment was far less and remains far less.
The range of unemployment was from 2.9
percent of the labor force in the best year.
to 6.8 percent in the poorest, and the average
was 5 percent.
The comparison is a fair one because in the
1930's the deficits, except for a couple of the
early ones, were purposeful. The late Presi-
dent Roosevelt publicly proclaimed that it is
today's deficit which generates tomorrow's
surplus. He meant that deficits would so
stimulate business that pretty soon tax col-
lections would rise enough to cover Govern-
ment spending. It didn't happen that way.
_ EUROPEkN E7 SPERIENCE
Tl e recent experience, of several European.
nations is also useful. One reason is that
their economic growth in recent years has
been more rapid than ours. The other is that
some of the current advice to us, that we
should run big deficits in order to copy their
growth rates, comes from over there.
The following comparisons start with the
year 1953 because since then the countries
cited have benefited only very slightly from
foreign aid, nialily in the earlier years of the
period. The period covered ends with 1961
because complete figures aren't available for
1962.
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 A750
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7WUE> sx Dean .
Mao governmental deficits are not meas-
ured In this case by matching revenues
against expenditures, but by how much the
outstanding debts rose. This avoids the
problem of making sure the various nations
use the same accounting. methods,
Starting with the Vnite$ States for a
basis of comparison, the increase In debt
from 1953 through 1961 amounted to only
0.4 percent of gross nattonaI~ roduction. III
that time the Index of in tlu$trlsl produc-
tlon-u,ed as a measure vot in ac-
tivity because it lan"t al ecgrowth
edv by price
changes-rose from a 1958-base Index of 97
to an index of 117, or slightly "more than 20
percent.
In the case of France, the Increase In
debt for the period Is 1.7 percent of gross na-
tional output: and the gain 'in industrial
production is from 66 to 122, or 85 percent.
The deficits have been relatively larger than
ours and the industrial growth much faster.
v-hicl `seems to support the backers of deS-
vits.
tN ITALY, GERMANY
However, in Italy we find the debt rising
on3y L3 percent of gross national product
and fadustrial production a fun 100 percent,
from 70 to 140. The debt expansion is rela-
tively smaller than France's, yet the produc-
tion gain is bigger.
product, an amount clearly of no conse-
quence, while the production gain Is 92 per-
cent, 'a little better than France's and almost
as good as 'Italy Is.-
, at some of the figures for indl-
9idual years. It is amusing to note how the
flue of argument can be twisted In two dif-
ferent ways to arrive at precisely opposing
conclusions. The widest annual gain in the
FI'ench production Index for the whole
pfr'iod took place from 1959 to I960. That
wks also the year In which the French Gov-
irnfneliVa' debt showed Its smallest increase
for `the whole period.
ROW rr'GAN CE ARGUED
On the basis of these figures it would be
possible to argue, In the style of the late
-
esidenQefveIt~othat It was the deficits
tR
`idle pr -ding years which had generated
the near surplus oTi980 `'nut It would also
be possible to aijue the opposite-that the
ant `ffnances of 1980 were
ern
sounder Oov "
*hat` SEftAltla usfness.
The real truth, within limits, Is probably
t .W business activity has more to do with
ing clovernment finances than the
p way around. That is, it's difficult to
balance the, budget in depressions, and It
ought to be easy when business is good.
Beyond that, the various sets of figures
cited, above Suggest that economic theories
regarding what can be accomplished' by
_by planned deflects approach the nonsensical.
I-Ll
isle Cyunt in Cuba
e$e tiveness I,u 0. tp ining
,tier or not missiles are there.
The editorial follows:. ,
M.- M - Couser in CUBA
Otte Inspection In Cuba to verify dis-
t ntiing of the Soviet missile bases and
withdrawal of the missiles was the big issue
last October at the height of the Cuban war
crisis. President Kennedy at that time in-
sisted on such inspection by the United Na-.
tions, in order to be certain that the Rus-
slRtis, Who bad lied about everything else,
actually pulled out their missiles.
Now, se-W. Kennedy conceded at his re-
cent press conference, onsite inspection is
"a dead letter." "There has been none," said
the President "and I don't expect to get any."
What the United States must rely on as a
wsubetitute, he added, is aerial photography.
The administration bases its belief that all
of the offensive Russian weapons systems
have been withdrawn on photographic evi-
dence.
The only way to remove all doubt, John
McCone of the Central Intelligence Agency
told the Senate, is by inspection of Cuba's
network of underground caverns and hidden
storage areas. But Fidel Castro, as Mr. Ken-
nedy said, is not aboutto grant the United
States such permission.
Last October 27. in an exchange of letters
with Premier Khrushchev, Mr. Kennedy gave
tisa Impression. that the Russian had agreed
to U.N. inspection of his missile withdrawal.
"An.. L read your letter," Mr. Kennedy wrote
Khm:hchev, "the Soviets had agreed to U.N.
supervision of the m asile pullout.-
The PresidentIn his communication chose,
however. to ignore other aspects of the
JUuushchev letter. Khrushchev hedged his
U.N. on-site Inspection pledge by calling
for Castro's approval He also proposed
withdrawal of American missiles from Tur-
key, a condition that the President ignored,
although he has since orderedtheir removal.
On-site Inspection has gradually dribbled
into the diplomatic background and finally
dropped out of sight, forgotten by all except
critics of` Mr. 'Xinnedy's actions. p
failed to uncover the'aafrivslain Cube, It
Cuba of
Khrushchev's extensive missile system. The
missiles were landed secretly and hidden,
then made a sudden appearance on the
October 14 photogiaphi of the Soviet con-
crete launching pads.
Forty-two medium-and intermediate-range
ballistic missiles and 42 IL-28 nuclear
-bombers were counted by the photographers
'leaving Cuba aboard Sovet ships. But only
30 of the missiles had been counted on our
above-ground aerial photographs before the
Russian pullout. Obvious y the "hard" In-
telligence cameras of our photoreconnals-
sance planes can't peer inside Castro's caves
and underground storage depots. The time
for getting onsite Inspection In Cuba was
when Mr. Kennedy had his guns pointed
down Khrushchev's throat.
Farmers Manage Half of Private
Business in the United States
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ODIN LANGEN
nice to share them w1tll_,MX cpileagues.
These statistics appeared in the February
15, 1963, edition of The Washington
World.
The article follows :
FARMERS MANAGE HALF OP PRIVATE BUSINESS
IN THE UNrrm STATES
Farmers manage half of all the private
business In the United States according to a
recent estimate by a noted food economist.
Dr. Karl Brandt, of Stanford University,
says that farmers' assets nearly equal the
value of all stocks listed on the New York
Stock Exchange.
Gross Income for farmers in 1961 was $49
billion-nearly as much as the whole U.S.
defense budget.
Petroleum Today magazine adds that 4
of every 10 jobs in American private enter-
prise are, in some way, related to agriculture.
Every farmer keeps 2.5 men busy In town,
1 to supply him and 11/2 to process, dis-
tribute, and sell his products.
Farmers use four times as much mechan-
ical horsepower as all U.S. factories put
together.
Farmers use more petroleum products than
any other industry and utilize more electric-
ity than Chicago, Kansas City, Detroit,
Houston. and half a dozen other major cities
combined.
Address of Hon. Everette Maclntyre,
Commissioner of the Federal Trade
Commission
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OP TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, Hon.
Everette Maclntyre, former General
Counsel of the House Small Business
Committee, and now a distinguished
Commissioner of the Federal Trade Com-
mission, recently addressed a meeting of
the New York Bar Association on "Fair
Advertising Landmarks."
Commissioner Maclntyre sets out the
meaning of important cases before the
Federal Trade Commission on the 25th
anniversary of the Wheeler-Lea Act con-
cerned with unfair or deceptive acts or
practices in commerce.
Mr. Speaker, Under unanimous con-
sent, I include Commissioner Macln-
tyre's remarks in the Appendix of the
RECORD as follows:
STATEMENT ON PATS ADVERTISING LANDMARKS
(By Everette Maclntyre)
INTRODUCTION
It is fitting that your meeting today cele-
brates the 25th anniversary of the enact-
ment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
and in, that connection commemorates the
silver anniversary of the Wheeler-Lea amend-
ment to the Federal Trade Commission Act.
Indeed. It Is a pleasure to participate with
you here today In the celebration of the
silver anniversary of the Wheeler-Lea Act,
the act of March 21, 1938, which so greatly
strengthened the authority of the Federal
Trade Commission to protect businessmen
and the public from false advertising and
other deceptive and unfair acts and prac-
tices. Everyone recognizes the Wheeler-Lea
Act as One of the great landmarks for fair
advertising.
EXT'ENS'ION OF REMARKS
air
HON, ROBERT T., McLOSKEY
or Ix.i nfom
IN n M l;O OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1962
Mr. McL $K'EY.` Mr. .Speaker, I
Would like to call the attention of the
House to'an excellent editorial which ap-
peared In the Chicago Tribune. It points
out some pertinent questions should be
asked about the Sights over Cuba and
or aRUatES?4A
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, 2 recently
noted some very interesting statistics rel-
ative to the American farmer and would
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 A739
The first three points of the immortal competed over the span of a quarter of a and welfare projects. His nomination, sub-
included the fol-
s
l
i
d b
preamble to the Legion's constitution, writ-
ten by our founding fathers, and familiar
to every Legionnaire; express our concern-in
these words:
"Par, ti and col ntry, we associate our-
selves together for the following purposes:
"To uphold and defend the Constitution of
the United States of America; to maintain
law, and order; to foster and )perpetuate a
100 percent Americanism."... These are "but
the first 3 points of`a 10-point code of honor
and program of action which the American
Legion carries out in ? the fervent hope and
firm belief thatby so doing we help perpetu-
ate the ideals and principles upon which
America was built and through which she
has. grewn and prospered.
Important to this cause, we believe, is our
longstanding position of support and en-
couragement to the House Un-American Ac-
tivities. Committee. The American -Legion
has Tong held that the work of this coin-
n Thee Is vital to the security of America, for
it provides one of our most authoritative
sources of Information regarding the activity
-andthe identity of"those groups andlndivid-
ttals who would destroy us from within In
the face of well organized and vocal opposi-
tion to the continuation of the colnniittee
Which is working on the 88th Congress, now
in session, the American Legion stands firm
In its continued support of the committee.
There are .. those, Who contend that the
work of the committee violates the constitu-
tional rights of certain groups and individ-
uals, In the opinion of the Legion, those
who hold this view confuse liberty with
license,, for we believe the Constitution and
the law of the land are instruments" for the
protection of the innocent, and were never
intended to provide a refuge for the guilty.
Yet; we have seen It happen time and
again, in courtrooms across the land and
before congressional committees, where those
Who would destroy the Constitution and defy
the law, hide behind the protective features
Of the very documents which _ they would
render useless if but granted the license
they seek.
Monday, February
1963
Awe eanism, the American legion devotes Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I
wStlastantfal part oiF its total effort to in ask unanimous consent to have printed
stiiIfng a love of country and'-a' respect' for in the Appendix of the RECORD an article
d itnderstandingot the I ""por#ance of an
orderiy system, of'governmeit, and-tile need entitled "Knowland Named Citizen of
for adherence to the la" of as well as Year," published in the Oakland (Calif.)
the laws of man. Tribune of recent date, being a tribute
You Legionnaires know our Americanism to former senator William F. Knowland,
'program well, for many of you have devoted of California.'
much personal time and effort to One or There being no objection the article
more of these projects to Ensure their suc was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
cess, For the benefit of lion-Legionnaires as follows:
may f efts a few examples of the scope of
self p KrroWIAND NAMED CITIZEN of YEAR
program.
During the 1962 American Legion baseball -William F. Knowland, editor and assistant
season, some"13,89f teams were certified for publisher of the Tribune, has been named
Legion championship competition, providing Oakland's "Outstanding Citizen of 1962" for
wholesome rgcreatlouaL Q portunity for a his longstanding personal efforts in the field
quarter of a million bays, who, while learn- of public service.
lug the game of basebalr under the direction ' The announcement was made today by
of American Legionnaires, also learned Judge Homer W. Buckley, chairman of the
? selection committee of the Oakland Inter-
something about the game of life.
Nearly 27,000 boys participated asst year Service Club Council and the Oakland Chain-
In American- Region 8bys State and Boys bar of Commerce, cosponsors"oi the project.
Nation. These , youngsters, ' who set up and The award will be presented at a civic ban-
'Operate their, , own state and, national gov- duet Wednesday evening, February 20, at
ernmMts, learn much' i about our, dorm _Qi' Jack London Hall. The event will serve as
government by actually performing the h testimonial to Knowland's 13 years of aerv-
functions of government under our estab- ice in the U.S. Senate.
lisped system The honor was established by the Inter-
More- than 35,5,000 high sc fool youngsters Hervfce Club Council in 1948 to give public
competed in our 1802 national -oratorical recognition to citizens who give freely of
contest, and to be eligible. for competition their time, talents, and funds to civic work
each participant had to be" prepared to and to inspire others to enter this field of
speak on some phase of the Constitution of service,
the Cfnited States e year 182 marked in selecting Knowland for the 1962 award,
,
y severa
group
tte
w
lowing citations of his beyond-the-call-of-
duty public services in 1962.:
"As editor, assistant publisher, and gen-
eral manager of the Oakland Tribune, he
gave leadership and promotion. which car-
ried a large number of civic and humani-
tarian projects to success,. including the
rapid transit issue,, and advanced others in-
cluding the Oakland-Alameda County Col-
iseum, Inc., multipurpose facility, the Oak-
land Museums complex, the United Crusade
and the Boy Scouts campaign for new camp
facilities. Without this publicity and en-
couragement, many of these all-important
projects would have failed.
"To the solving of Oakland's civic and wel-
fare problems he gave freely of the vast
knowledge and experience he attsined in a
political career that was climaxed by his
selection as the majority leader of the
world's most powerful body, the U.S. Senate.
"His civic roles in 1962 included: director
and member of the executive committee of
the Oakland Chamber of Commerce; vice
president of Oakland-Alameda County Col-
iseum, Inc.; chairman of the Regional Com-
mittee for Better Service at Oakland Inter-
national Airport; chairman of the Oakland
Central Business District Committee; fore-
man of the Alameda County Grand Jury:
member of the board of directors of Califor-
nia State Chamber of Commerce; member
board of governors, Bay Area Council; and
key roles in a host of other committees and
organizations that worked for a bigger and
better. Oakland and for the welfare of the
,citizenry."
Among the past recipients of this award
are Willie Osburn, Thad McCarty, Raymond
H. Miller, Mrs. Carl E., Whitehouse, Jack
Fitzpatrick, the late Henry Kaiser, Jr., Nat
Levy, Charles P., Howard, and William
elm.- ,?a
r" Where Is Our Victory Now?
EXTENSION OF,-REMARKS
or
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Mondsay, February 18, 1963
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to call the attention of the House
to an excellent editorial which appeared
in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat of Janu-
ary 28, 1963. This editorial points out
that the "victory" purportedly scored in
Cuba has now been wiped out by re-
mounting of a Soviet armed camp
atmosphere in Castroland.
The article is as follows:
WIIEaz IS OUR VICTORY NOW?
President Kennedy has denied that a new
Soviet military buildup is under way In
Cuba. He thus contradicts Senators KEAT-
rara and LAuscHE, a number of columnists
and Cuban exile leaders.
Yet it was much the same sources that
warned a deaf America for weeks and months
that Russian rockets were pouring into
Cuba. Kennedy and his administration
sloughed off the reports then as they are
doing now. Is the President wrong again?
After hearing Secretary of State Rusk on
Friday at, a closed meeting of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee, Senator AIKEN
of Vermont said he believed, "Russia has
built an enormously strong' military and
political" base "fn Cuba, much stronger than
it was 6 months ago",
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rented more than 27,000 school medal
awards, in recognition of outstanding schol-
arship combined with outstanding Citizen-
ship.
During 1961, the latest year for which
complete figures are available, American Le-
gion posts sponsored 4,199 Boy Scout units,
making the Legion the largest single sponsor
of the Boy Scout movement outside the com-
bined churches of America.
We distributed nearly 100,000 copies of
"Need a Lift?", our guide to scholarship op-
portunities which is designed to help de-
serving young people further their education.
' Through our child welfare programs we
seek to preserve the sanctity of the home,
and to help build strong bodies to house
strong minds.
Yes, my friends, we have accomplished a
great deal through the years, but we cannot
relax our efforts for a great deal remains to
be done. If we should rest on our oars at
this critical hour in the Nation's history, we
would soon find ourselves swept to destruc-
tion by the powerful tides of corruption and
subversion which we now seek to combat.
To safeguard this America of ours for to-
day and for tomorrow is going to require
the continued best efforts of the Nation's
law-enforcement officers, of the American
Legion, and of all concerned Americans. The
battle will not be an easy one, but the vic-
tor'y will be worth the efforrt, and I am con-
fident that the ultimate victory will be ours.
Tribute to Former Senator Knowland
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BARRY GOLDWATER
OF ARIZONA
N THE SENATE.. OF THE. UNITED STATES
 A740
rr - -" -CC3NZiKES~IG+N1~I, ilI.1~V11v =- A'NDIX---------- ? February 18
'Senator STMINGTON also expressedY serious
Concern over the large Soviet air complex in
Cuba.
The size and nature of the reportedbuildup
Indicate that a successful-sneak attacki~
Cuba could Incinerate the Southeastern
United States.
Complete congressional investigation
should be Imperative.
Senator Kaarnea argues that "official Gov-
ernment sources" confirm his reports. Castro
Is now "10 times better equipped" militarily
than he was last spring, the New York' Ae-
publican charges.
Euasla Is building highly sophisticated
ground and air defenses, Soviet enca;npments
are being relocated and stre erred, and
Soviet experts are directing roans in 'the
construction of underground,' depots,
hangars, and runways, according to the Ni*
York Tfniee news service. The also
led Soviet troops are working on oEher
es dosed to Cuban personnel.
'underground hangars are for what, Mr.
Cuba. They can be fitted with atomic
bombs.
The buildup also involves tanks, guns,
amphibious vehicles, planes and torpedo
boats. When' (1o these become offensive, Mr.
Kennedy? When the boats and planes rake
a l atin 7 ferlcail cost and the amphibians
land troops on some Latin shore? Ask an
marine It an amphibian Is a defensive
arimame th Castro holding an American
pledge 6t to invade. W)re. Mr.-President,
Partisan Attacks on Foreign Policy-Bi-
Partisan Policy Should Be Maintained
IN Tim I3OUSa OP ft $ENTATI rEB
Monday, February 18,1963
M : Vfl , Mr. BFeaker, recently
there have ben severalvlctpus attacks
lion Presiden Kennedy and his foreign
pOBcy. These attacks made during re-
Gent political speeches obviously have
been for partisan rather than for con-
structive purposes.
'!'he Nashville Tennessean in a recent
editign carried an article by Mr. James
Reston of the Xew York Times Netws
Service, pointing out that the criticism
of President Kennedy's foreign policy Is
`getting somewhat out of hand. Reston
goes oh to show that the unity that has
e4sted.behind the President previously
has how somewhat disintegrated, not be-
C `Ilse the President has failed, but be-
cause he has been successful in various
areas Oi! our Natip* policy of foreign
affair . .
Mk, Speaker, I ask unanimous consent
that this article be reprinted in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD.
The article follows:
FoazI6N VoLicy Carrics Grrrtac Our Or
wAS czoN.-m. criticism of president
Kennedy's foreign policy is now getting a
little out of hand.
TSiW OF REMAI S
HON. J09 L. WINS
No doubt mistakes of tactics and even of
taste have been made recently over the han-
diingof Cuba, Canada, Britain, and Prance,
but in the broadest sense, the President is
In trouble now, not because his major for-
rign policies have failed but because they
are succeeding.
Prance and Canada are not refusing to
accept V.B. nuclear weapons because they
feel that A"enned'y has weakened the West,
but precisely because they think the West
is relatively so strong that they can now
follow a more independent policy and risk
division within the alliance.
The unity that existed behind the Presi-
dent when he risked war to get the Soviet
missiles out of Cuba has vanished, not be-
cause be failed to get the missiles and
bombers out, but precisely because he got
them out and Is now safe to turn around
and argue about the secondary issue of the
Soviet troops.
Britain did not refuse to accept De Gaulle's
terms for entrance into the Common Mar-
ket because of any weakness In Washington,
but precisely because It preferred to go along
with the United States and the Atlantic
Oommmunity rather than with De Gaulle
and an Inward-looking Europe.
The paradox of the present situation is
that everything in the cold war remains
about the same as it was at the beginning
of the year, yet everything seems different.
De Gaulle was refusing to cooperate with
Washington and London on the defense and
organization of Europe long before his fa-
mous press conference. He has since empha-
sized and formalized his opposition, but the
opposition was there before.
Much the same can be said about Canada.
Prime Minister Diefenbaker was refusing to
accept the United Stales nuclear warheads
long before the State Department stumbled
clumsily into an internal Canadian squab-
ble; the only new thing is that he has now
made an election issue out of Washington's
awkward efforts to clarify the facts.
This does not mean ,that formalizing the
differences doesn't clitange anything. As
Deal! Acheson says, a married couple may
separate in private but `it makes a differ-
ence if t ey start fighting in public and head
for Reno.
The question now Is whether the Kennedy
e ininlatration could, have done anything to
avoid the split with De Gaulle, the fight with
judges De Gaulle's intentions, and all this
is fair enough.
But the thing has to be kept in perspec-
tive. For the conflict with a nation's ene-
mies Is more important than the quarrels
with its allies, and on balance, the conflict
with the Communists is not going too badly.
None of the apocalyptic horrors of the
pessimists about Berlin, the Congo, or Viet-
nam has transpired. None of Moscow's "in-
evitable victories" in Africa, southeast Asia,
or the Middle East has taken place. If De
Gaulle is awkward for Kennedy, Mao Tse-
tung is no obedient servant of Khrushchev.
Meanwhile, fear in the Western Alliance
has abated, and without fear a whole new
set of problems has arisen, requiring new
policies and new criticism. Yet the whole
alliance is not falling apart and 17,000 Rus-
sians are not about to conquer the Western
Hemisphere.
"We have to learn to live with these prob-
lems in Cuba and elsewhere," the President
has said. And this of course, Is precisely
the difficulty. For the American people
don't want to learn to live with their prob-
lems or with the Russians, especially in
Cuba. They want them to go away, all of
them, a9 Immediately, if not sooner.
r
n a a Kiaky P ihcal Issue
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. GEORGE A. SMATHERS
or FLORIDA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, in
this morning's issue of the Washington
Post appeared an article by Marquis
Childs entitled, "Cuba Is Risky Political.
Issue.
In my Judgment, the well written col-
umn points out the difficulties attendant
to the fact that Cuba today is under the
control of the Communists. The prob-
lem does not lend itself to easy and sim-
Canada, and the present situation In Cuba. pie solutions. The column is very
Much can be said on both aides of all three thought-provoking. I ask unanimous
questions, and the President is certainly not consent that it may be printed in the
blameless. Appendix of the RECORD for the benefit of
He first stumbled into Cuba and then mis- Members of Congress who might not
judged Moscow's offensive policy there. It have read it previously.
maybe that he should now be considering a
blockade of that !eland to get the Soviet There being no objection, the article
troops out; that is a matter of opinion. But was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
the critics are going beyond or behind all this as follows:
to imply what they have not proved; namely, ]From the Washington Post, Feb. 18, 1963]
that the, P.residept Blade A deal with Khru-
sachev to scrap the missile bases in Turkey CUBA Is RissY PoLrricAr. ISSUE
and Italy; and beyond this,'that the Soviets (By Marquis Childs)
now have offensive missiles hidden In Cuba. American policy makers are currently re-
These last are charges of stupidity, bad viewing every front in the cold war as the
faith, or worse, and should either be proved premises of only yesterday no longer seem
or withdrawn. There is plenty of material on valid. But, above all, in Cuba the review
the Cuban issue for hard, fair criticism, and has an urgency that reflects the tangle of
Kennedy's handling of the offensive buildup politics and power, both national and inter-
UL Cuba justifies plenty of skepticism, but national, threatening to bring another con-
implications of secret deals and concealed frontation at least as grave as that of last
R;eapo?is confuse and weaken the country October.
unless they are supported with evidence. The way out is far from clear, President
The psychology of the opposition to Preai- Kennedy in his private correspondence with
dent Kennedy here is clear enough. First, Chairman Khrushchev has past great empha-
it it the duty of the opposition to oppose. cis on the danger of allowing up to 17,000
Also. Kennedy clobbered the Republicans Soviet troops to continue to build up a bas-
in the last presidential campaign with the tion of communism 90 miles from America's
charge that they had debased the Nation's shores.
"prestige" overseas. -It Is not ruled out that 1[Iost of these troops
In this situation, the Republicans are net- will tie withdrawn and their departure veri-
urally eager to pounce on him when he fled. This to, however, a_ hope fading fast
roughs up our Canadian neighbors or mis- as time runs out.
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 On March 18 he resident foes to Costa to put an end to' a situation of the utmost
.Rica,to meet with the six Central American seriousness. With "who lost Cuba?" as a
Presidents. The presence in C ashington of ` ma or Issue next "year, the emotions of the
Venezuela's Pies] dent- i~omulo net-9iicourt past will obscure the grim realities and necea-
points up the- peril of subversion exported sfties of the present,
from the Cuban bastion. It is this peril that
underscores the weakness in the administra-
tion position.
Put as simply as possible, the facts seem - Milestone in Atomic Age
to be: Cuba i5 not a milita't-y to the
United States-and to ta'ik as thought"were
is a disservice to national unitT $ut it is" EXTENSION OF REMARKS
a threat to the hemishere, and with the""
OF
eolitinuing deterioration in many areas in HON. BARRATT O'HARA
Latin America this endangeers the" whole
"structure that the Alliance for V11- is Or Ix71rrois.
deigned to underwrite.
'Therefore, serious consideration'is being " IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
given to a new resolution to be brought be- Monday, February 11, 1963
Council the Orgganization of
fore the of
American Statess, is woifd go a step Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
beyond the unanimous-OAS declaration of today there is being celebrated at the
last ;October in that it would find the University of Chicago another milestone
presence of "Soviet tr"oohs to be a danger to in the, atomic age. The` country will
e
=
e
e
m er
.
ntire h
the
s e open fora new blockade never forget the service of that noble
The way woui
of Cub the li ell ood according to group of scientists who, at the University
American officials 'ectly concerned; would of Chicago, started the development of
be for approval by at least two thirds of-- the mighty force of atomic energy that
the member states, ''ive of;the twenty-one would develop the future of mankind.
Latin-American countries Mexico, "" Chile, Arthur J. Snider is the able and
Brazil, Uruguay, and Aovia sti11"have dip- knowledgeable science writer of the Chi-
lomatic relations with the Castro regime.
The night not go along c# go Daily _,News. He_ tells so well the
Y story of today's anniversary observance
But since this would be a direct con- that I am extending my remarks to in-
frontation Tlrect n the twER. o gglans;"` with `, elude his article, in a recent edition of
t relations to tire' hem=
"
- - pportthe resold- the Chicago Daily News, as follows:
'might also su
their possessions behind them and often in
great danger. But as armost Invariably world over, but few are aware of another
happ ens they have broken up Into bitterly atomic distinction-the purification and
antagonistic factions and their factionalism weighing of the first manmade element,
is reflected in the politics of Cuba in this-- plutonium.
cauYitry. The production, an amount no larger than
The exiles range from those who, in effect, a speck of dust, was found to weigh one
demand that the United States take direct ten-millionth of an ounce. It would have
military action to restorea1T property to f taken 900,000 such specks to equal the
h
t mi
" ? N- 6?- ---?s. -
a
Castro in his sweeping reforms up to the ~ r "
point when the Communists took command, V.S. Government went on to build huge
It is not hard for exile spokesmen to get to secret plants to process plutonium as the
`Members of Congress. They have informa- atomic bomb fuel.
tloxl out of Cuba which they believe al- This biggest scale-up in history-gambled
that the chain reaction experiment, to take
though from all indications the Russian`s are
guarding their own military enclaves and the ` place some 3 months later, would be
only Cubans admitted are laborers carefully, " successful.
screened. Next Monday, a belated 20th anniversary
There is an unhapp analogy here with observance of the first weighing of pluto-
what happened after china"fell to commu nium will be held on the University of Chi-
nism in [949-50, Chinese, exiles, some of . cago campus.
whom had benefited hugely from the graft Among those to take part in the daylong
that accompanied Marge scale aid` to Chiang symposium are the two Nobel prize-winning
$ai-Sher;, exerted a great influence on Amerl- codiscoverers of plutonium, Dr. Glenn T. Sea--
canpolicy. Among a people unfailingly sym- borg, now Chairman of the Atomic Energy
M
cMillan,
pathetic to the plight of homeless exiles such ` Commission, and Dr. Edwin M.
pressures work on public opinion and one director of the Lawrence Radiation Labora-
resuft is that our own immediate national tory, University of California, Berkeley.
interest is Iost sight c,f Plutonium was discovered at Berkeley in
his is 49t,p to say that the Republicans' 1941 by Seaborg and his associates. It could
andDemocrats, attacking the admmistration not be seen. It was identifiable only by its
on Cuba are misuldeci or insincere SenatorT radioactive characteristics.
l a TIE ,tnAyING, the rinaT critic was ~" Samples of uranium oxide, from which the
proved right after the Cuban missile" crisis Plutonium was obtained by bombardment in
broke into the open= with the President's" an atom-smashing cyclotron, were sent to the
speech of October 29. University of Chicago where the wartime
But another eiec on Is always just around. Metallurgical Laboratory had been estab-
the corner anti In an era in which domestic` fished.
issues senm to have been eroded away it is` ? In room 405 of George Herbert Jones Lab-
tempting to find a weak spot where "emotions' oratory, 5747 South Ellis, scientists on August
can be easily played upon 'In`the 19f80 Ken- 18, 1942, saw through a microscope the first
nedy campaign the "missile gap was `an" pure compound of plutonium. It was
emotional ploy As"we have` subsequently weighed on September 10.
learned, the "missileaywas amytli. As part of the observance Monday, a plaque
The more Cuba becomes embedded in do-r will be hung on the door of room 405 to note
'
h will be t1
mestic politics the more difficu
Plutonium has made possible the growth
of the atomic energy program. Without it,
scarce fissionable material would be limited
largely to weapons.
The only other significant source of fission-
able material is uranium 235, which con
stitutes less than 1 percent of natural ura-
nium. But much of'the remalning 99 per-
cent can be converted into plutonium in a
so-called breeder reactor.
The promise of breeder reactors is to in-
crgase greatly the available fuel supply, mak-
ing nuclear electric power more economic.
Last November 28, Argonne National Lab-
oratory achieved the first self-sustaining
chain reaction using plutonium as a fuel in
power producing.
The 28.7 kilograms of plutonium fuel was
more than 10 billion times the amount
weighed at the University of Chicago two
decades ago.
Plutonium was used in space flight as the
"atomic battery" to generate electricity
aboard the navigational satellite,- Transit
IV-A. Plutonium reactors are being looked
to as the power source for distant space
flights.
"Little Giant" in House-Carl Bert Albert
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT A. EVERETT
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. EVERETT. Mr. Speaker, we in
Tennessee are very proud of our distin-
guished majority leader, CARL BERT
ALBERT.
There appeared on Thursday, Febru-
ary 14, in the Chattanooga Times, an
outstanding newspaper not only of Ten-
nessee but of the Nation as well, a won-
derful article relative to our leader. It
was so well written that I felt I should
bring it to the attention of the Congress.
The article follows:
"LITTLE GIANT" IN HOUSE-CARL BERT ALBERT
WASHINGTON.-CARL BERT ALBERT, the Dem-
ocratic majority leader of the House of Rep-
resentatives, is a quiet, scholarly legislator
who seldom raises his voice in vigorous de-
bate. But when he does sound off he packs
a load of ammunition that commands the
respect of all his colleagues regardless of
party affiliation. For he is a Phi Beta Kappa
honors winner, a Rhodes scholar with two
advanced degrees, a self-taught linguist, a
masterly grassroots politician, a tournament
bridge player, a serious student of history
and a product of a small cotton farm and
coal mining background.
Moreover, it is a common saying in the Con-
gress that "nobody's mad at CARL"-a tribute
from his fellow Representatives to the fact
that he has few if any enemies. And the poli-
ticians among them recognize that it's hard
to beat a candidate with that kind of record.
He comes from the, Little Dixie section of
Oklahoma-the southeastern corner of the
State, just north of Texas and west of Arkan-
sas. There he is billed as "the little giant
from Little Dixie," a reference to the fact
that while he is only 5 feet, 4 inches tall,
he has a big voice on the hustings and de-
livers his speeches with a fiery and flamboy-
ant style.
ALBERT was born on May 10, 1908, one of
five children of Ernest Homer Albert, a small
cotton farmer and coal miner. He was
born at McAlester but grew up on the cotton
farm near a place then called Bug Tussle,
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 742 Approved Fo ft"a fl kti3- P6J
A
but now known as Flow daund. BIB
father also worked in near coal mines. Lida and weakened the war effort, but
e
a T attended Flowerx U and Huai r6he Russians of 194 45 were much more
school and McAlester Elgh School, where his erful and held Eastern Europe in an
n him the iron grip.
and cam
us acti
ity w
scholarshi
p
v
o
p
class presidency In 1921 be entered the
University of Oklahoma to major :n litical
science. He lie active bA i4g and
won the. National Oratortc4 C aMplonshiip
of 1928 with a prize of $1,500.
At college he was,president of the student
council in Ills .senjclr. gear. "He was chosen
for Phi Bets Kappa. `honor.u scholastic
society, and won a Rhodes scholarsI p wfiich
enabled film t q , TO ai4 Da ,
ford tJnlversity. cwt. be egreea In
Be was admitted to the 4F Slak4pnaa
sad practiced with the g'edera Qt~Ad-
miniatratton in Oklahoma -he
joined the legal staff of the 011 o 0 "l 0"a In
1941 he enlisted In the Army as a prfvaie,
*ft a Bronze Star for ~~e ri~tor1qus AeryYce In
Ate Pacific and was diecharged in 1948 with
the rank of lieutenant co T s}ms
year he won election to congressional
seat, with the campaign slogan "11'rom a cabin
in the cotton to Congress."
acdv>co up in ilea
In 1050 he was made celty whip in
Congress and in January 1983''h`became
the majority leader when Representative
JosN W. McCosssaca, of sei-husette,
moved from that post to the speakerahip of
the Hoi}ga.on the,death of Rayburn of
Texas.
M.sxaT spends long hours on his job at the
Congress, but he enjoys Masonic and Method-
let Church affairs when the lime aligns.
For relaxation he plays tournament bridge,
Yesdss pAtensively In history and ppoolishes up
14* Alieut command of Spanish by- listen` ag
ta: ,rev rot s and, reading and practidrig
late language,
`A4szar dresses conservatively and projects
his nonaggresa1ve nature in everything he
dyes, Be always seems to have worried
lock on his face, but his hair still EQwn
644. hie manners are gentle and coprtepua,
Among Intimates he exhi5lts ail Impressive
tent for iaipiicry.
'Whjle on Army` duty In Washington in
war years be met and married the to
_raw
Miss Mary Rue Green Harmon of Cdinnhia,
.. They have 'two children, Mary Prances,
ATEECB
DONALD C. BROTZMAN
IN TTIE:HCti78E t3F RI'Ti E$EITTAfV
TlusrsdAy. February 14,1963
, 'hdr, BBOTZMAN, Mr. Speaker, the
wan 01 the 20th-century have played a
for role in the lives of the world's na
Pon;. but for the Lithuanians they have
Czars, .this Baltic c9u ntry emerged from
the First World War as an i;~dependent
nation. The 451h annivepaxy of ~
happy event Is being celebrated this
month. IIil wtubately, the Lithuaniiln
I epublic did not outlive the Apace. For
the second time it became a i;attleeround
in the struggle between Germans and
Russians. After World War I the Litho-
afl1 .ns bad been able to free. themselves
from .a Russia torn internally by revolu-
Lithuania thus remained under the
Russian yoke as a constituent republic
of the U.S.S.R. The story of the post-
war period has been one of increasing
regimentation imposed by the Central
Soviet Government, infiltration by Rus-
nians, and suppressions of religious and
cultural freedoms. if the First World
War meant national liberation for the
Zithuanians, the Second World War
meant enslavement., Thii is _& Iq soq
which we must all keep in mind .as we
work toward the establishment. of a
lasting peace.
Overwhelming Majority of Accidents
Are caused by Drivers
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
EON. GE 1 GE A. SMATHERS
Or fS Olmr
IN THE SENATE OF T$E UNITED STATES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. SMAT ERS. Mr. President on
F'.ebruary 7, 1963 Mr, William H. G.
France, president of the National As-
sociation for Stock Car Auto Racing,
Inc., delivered an address before the
Beavers' Club at the Detroit Athletic
'Club, Mr. France, who makes a great
toatrtbution to the automobile field, is
not only an outstanding citizen, but in
the particular area of safety on the
highways and matters relating to auto-
mobiles, particularly racing cars, he is
the preeminent expert that we have in
the United States. In his speech Mr.
France discussed the numerous reasons
why the national image of the automo-
bile Industry needs to be changed in re-
gards to accidents. Mr. France stated
that the American pudic -should be
af.ac is stuns from the drivers them-
selves and not from any faults of the
atogbinm. -
Mr. France also expressed the Im-
portance and commonsense of advertis-
fng automobiles on the strength of their
e*eerience In the fiell, I ask unanimous
consent that his address be printed In
t4e.1lpp Appendix a1L the BzcoRD.
Tjere being no objection. the remarks
Were ordered to be printed in tbe.REc-,
can, as follows:
Ovxawwac.zrrva,Mejoarrr ar A==m=.,.Aax.
CAUam BY Dawes
j4ddrese by William Ii a. 1rrancei
Mr-President. Mr. Toastmaster, and mem-
bers of_ the Beav*ra, it is a great pleasure to
have been Invited to meet you, anq to be
here today, and I want to thank you for hav-
ing me. Maybe, I needed a change from all
the warm Florida weather. Actually, I be-
lieve an of us need occasionally to leave our
personal vantage points, if for no other rea-
Sun than to sharpen our perspectives. And.
104" you for giving me that opportunity.
Now, I have a.request to masse. It's an
unusual one, but I believe after you hear it,
all of you will agree with me that it is rea-
sonable, and makes a great deal of sense.
I would like to ask that the swimming
pool-this one right herealong side us-be
drained. If not to the bottom, then down to
two or three inches.
Let me explain:
I read a speech a few weeks ago, that was
delivered to a group of advertising men,
which not only scared me, but set me to
thinking. Some of you might possibly have
heard the speech, or read it in the papers.
The talk was made by a man prominent in
the automobile industry, and in it this
-gentleman almost came to tears over the
speed of automobiles and the glamorization
of automobiles and their speed. He inti-
mated, if intimated is strong enough a word,
that fast care were unsafe, that last cars
were largely responsible for automobile ac-
cidents and fatalities, and that to glamorize
a fast car was as dangerous as scattering
ground glass In a kindergarten sand lot.
Only passing mention was made of the
generally accepted belief that the people
who drive-cars-not the cars-are responsi-
ble for the great majority of accidents.
People were safe, bound and sensible, the
speech implied, but not cars. Government
regulation of cars. Government restriction
on automobile manufacturers, were hinted
at. More than hinted at.
Well, if the speaker was right-and I am
positive he was as wrong as smoking in
church-then we must assume that all in-
animate objects are dangerous and offer a
diae_thxcet to life.
drained, then made so shallow- that
leap up and drown us. It is poesib3a-4f
the man was right about cars---thy 1
Government will forbid pools that art
4 inches deep, and a manufacturer of hoots
who glamorizes them will be punished. The
Government might go so far as to order
lakes drainer', river channels limited to a few
feet In depth, wells and springs dried up and
bathers allowed to enter the ocean 9niy dur-
ing low tide.
On the subject of safety, I believe I can say
that few men in the country are more con-
cerned with automobile safety than I. As
a director of NASCAR racing activities in
the United States, I suppose It Is believed
that speed and more speed is our chief ob-
jective. That Isn't true. We spend much
more time on safety measures, building
against accidents, than we do on speed.
Frankly, we would be out of business with-
out safety.
in 1962 NASCAR sanctioned, assisted and
kept complete records on more than 1,200
competitive racing events all over the coun-
try. What do you think the average speed
of the winners of these 1,200 races was?
Take a guess-150 miles an hour? 120i
100? 95? Nope. Much too high. The aver-
age speed In 95 percent of these races was
under 60 miles an hour.
On January 20 of this year, NASCAR di-
recteed the Eiveratde. Calif., 600 miles NASCAl
road race, which was won by Dan Gur-
ney in a 106314 Ford, Gurney, one of the
world's "top drivers, won at a speed under
90 miles per hour (84.9). Every manufac-
turer In the United States-and I repeat
every manufacturer-makes a car that will
travel as fast as that.
If they didn't, their cars wouldn't be safe.
That's right, wouldn't be safe. A car has to
be capable -of that speed, or better, to have
the horsepower for the acceleration needed
to enter and travel. on the existing free-
ways and turnpikes of this country. And
these expressways, in the future, are going
to require even better performance on the
part of American cars.
Gentlemen, something that greatly con-
cerns me Is the fact that no one has ever
adequately gotten across to the newspapers
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4MNGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX February 18
eign-tralnt?d adults who pose as student
leaders are obviously not boils tift students.
Some demands of this reformist group are
seen reasonable, such so More government
funds for education and tees diverted to the
packets of pdtcinls, elimination of tuition in
pubito schools, scholarships 'tot deserving
students, and. more reellatte eurrtculum.
This type of demand preeunKbly >ri the
port of the entire student body.
The same university group spearheaded so-
tion in a student congress in 39eeember to
sea the permaTFnt neutralisation of the
Republic of Panama. The students made a
Yormfl request to the Panama Government
to have the United Nation prodlalm'ahe per-
snanent neutrality of the Repnb to of Pan-
ams and guarantee the neutralisation of the
Panama Canal.
he students said the Panama Land was
built to bring together all nations for In-
ternational good and that this could be
done only through maintenance of poem read
geed selatiom. They contended that the
us s--of U.S. military forces 10 the DaUll
Zone was detrimental to the stated putPm
of the Panama Canal and made it a "risk
eons" and invited enemy attack.
Some observers here see this student de-
ma#34 as a Oonimuutft- or ttaako 4nfuenced
attempt to get United Nations action to re-
move long-established U.S. Army. Navy, and
Air Force establishments from Use Canal
Zone and to reduce the military Influence
of the United Stakes In Latin America.
ltdt or the nonfrontation over offensive commander In Chief Gentry added, '-n
weapons In 1602. It may take Congreen to most persis ant demand of the Soviet Unid
smoke that out. and Caetrd's.'RRed 'uba since the boglnni~
There should be an investigation by a re- of the Cuban missile ortel!e has been Tor IV
sponsible cceanttttee. preferably the Senate withdrawal from Gusntanamn Ecy. There
-Committee an Voretgn Reflation. A partisan no doubt but what the diplomatic maneuv
Investigation by Senator Basarrr TinaKsrn, tag by Russia and Cuba is designed to ta(
R0ptrb$can of Ttflnols, and his Senate Re- the United States to negotiate cones"
publican Pdtidy Committee 'ia not desirable this bees so vital to our security. and th4
in this delicate matter. Neither is a rush of all of the Americas. It is abundantly 1
everybody to got into the act. now, the Ommrnuntets want the UnitedSj
Yet this seems to be what to happening. out of Guantanamo Bay. They know.
It's not just Drawers. Senator 'Watnvs full U.S. control of Quantanamp Bay 1
Moan, Democrat of Oregon, " scheduled aential to the defense of the Caribbeal
heerings before his Latin American Affairs Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic eppr
Subcommittee starting today. Senator to Panama against the increasing err
Beast Got.nwrrni, Republican of Arisona. menu of Red submarines In that areal
plans an Investigation by the Armed Services withdrawal from Guantanamo would I
Committee. of 'which Senator RrcnAU B. ~ua ly the maintenance of impossible or thetUni sdsS(
IRtrssuu r.. Democrat Georgia, , !s chairman lanes between Worth and South Amer
and epi.uneeds m m to enIrnow. tbaror. oRiutall from. Continuing. Commander Gentry se
The public
urcesgain (with psi- .United States bee no reason for spd
afelsl sour, what is supplement and d a ]srd to anyone for our position at Onail
l a t e s . 'The eat a w aay y t h i for a coingreantorArt - Bay. We an there by virtue of a N
committee Th to get statements and d answers to beat 'too rived at treaty between the Unites
o
questions from thigh administration Qlitetals. and the Government of Cubs negot
But one committee is enough. . 1903. It is particularly notewortl
arrangemente were reei'A
treat
`th
Rf eg of Ga t . n o loom ?
Prime Pwryese of Castro and So"
Rusek
.
ese
treaty in 1984 between the United in
Cuba. The United States Is, in evee7
living up to its obligation under th!
The agreement Is imperturbable snu
be terminated unilaterally.
"It is the firm conviction of the
our Nation should resolutely reject ,
OF .r -2 a easaww'M InW 7HE VMS[) VrA2W 'To give up Guantanamo would
--- -- - HON, GEORGE A. S IAThERS it has ; a i ; a ire hPre i
>liX3~1$ION OF REMAiif ,oe sutsma Qaban missile issue.
HON. UTARLES B. UUtVL Howdah. Febrfsary ist 19431 bay a toes to me VQAWU o``
.- "- ,....,.,.M,.t brew but snob
nob Z I
IN Tfffi HOVex OF REPICLa7313NTAT!VES
tondaw. February 18, 1963
Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Speaker. I would
: ids to mail this attention of the House
x#icg .1963. This editorial dleuese 4h$
need **.an investigation of the admiA-
btssuon's banNifi6 or the Cuban situa-
7sl
The editorial is as follows:
removal of Soviet afte.nlis weapons from
Cuba. the.Seviet Ooeernwu4 would quietly
and gradually reduce also Its defensive mui-
tary manpower and equipment -on the- big
Island 90 miles off U.S. shores. Instead. new
shipments-of arms have gone In, and the six.
able remaln1ng Soviet military forces there
have been regrouped and their eucamysnants
strengthened, and they are teaching Cubans
to operate the new equipment.
Information about the new shipments and
the new construction comes from Tad 8sulo
reports from Savona. leaks from V.S. Gov- -There being no of ieetion. the state-
ernment efllcials, and from epesebea by Sena-
tar Xzxmrru ffient tufts ordered to be printed in the
Now York. B. Esathrs, Eeptfbiloao of BZCOZD. as follows: .
N
In such a vital matter, this Is not the best salsas Crrr, tdo?-Byron A. Gentry. Pass-
way for the ;public to become Informed. ? dent. Calif. mat,tonai commander In chief
Saute and Essrewo are entitled to credit for of the Veterans of Foreign Warn of the
their enterprise and outspokenness. But the United States, today urged that any negotia-
Government itself ought to be reporting from dons that might be going on between the
time to time on the results of the curvet!- United Abates and Russia or Cuba regarding
.lance which it has continued ever since wdl 4he UA. base in Guantanamo be immediately
before last yell's Cuban crlals. The blockade balla&
ended November 20. The watch did not. "We AcWz believe." Commander Gentry
Perhaps. the enterprise of Saulo and Erarnra .ae14, the only thing involved in the issue
will smoke out the administration. of the (UAI.oontrai over Guantanamo Bay is
The public has never really had the full the security of our country and that to not
story of either the Bay of Pigs Invasion of negotiable."
116r. 5MAT1I>t'tt8. Mr. FrelIilelfl, be eonlpottnaea ny me vane tiro. ~
- - -- --- --
t Russian submarines woe
a u
along With manly Oilier. 05 our vma.era,cw the Caribbean and prowl the U.S.
S.
ofganigatiowal, Lave lOna: r?oogaliaed the the Cult of Iferico and our east cc
ebatelttent recently made by the coin- Castro once and, for all that we
mender in chief of the Veterans Of For- our naval base at Ouantanama
eign wan. Mr. Byron Gentry. This circumstances.' "
statement goes to the heart of the Issues
Involved. pointing out that one of Caa-
trWa and Sevist Russia's Prime purposes
1 their Caribbean .ions is to
farrc the United States to renegotiate its
9sese one the Gisantanatpo Naval Base.
Mr. 'ntI7 lightly points gift:
The only thing involved In the lame of
V.S. control over Guantanamo Say Is the
security of our country ena that is not ne-
,gvtiecble.
I commend his statement 'to The Sen-
ate's atterit>on. I a* that the state-
Yo436
F+fapl+9~rat
E3CTEN$ION OF REMAYM
HON. HERMAN 'title
or :gaerasrrevaIrm
IN THE Noun OPR]WRIMOTATM
Monday, February 18, 19 3
Mr. TOLL. Mr. speaker, Pres1tl
ILenncdy's special message of Febru
14 on our Nation's youth Included a a
tion on youth employment. The Pri
dent referred -to programs which we
provide useful jobs and training
young persons who need them. I
1904 budget recommendations uncle
two destinct activities. First, a Yo;
Conservation Corps would be establish -
putting young men to work improv I
our forests and recreation areas. I i
would ftitiaUy provide useful traitl
and work for 15,000 youths. Second,
Federal Government will, provide 1
the wages and related costs for yo!
Persons employed on local projects th, --
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 A00 rovedQ$01 000200230055-7
acad,}}~it program to 'suit Its par-ocular kind
etl}clent, as well as -to meet the economrc,
Sentific, and technol Ica-npowerneeds
of 17ailasnd tort Wor
xts stu ents are most bigg city residents
,NJa ty percent are' committers, mostly'" in
vocations and' from the inspiration of great THE (UHAN SITIIATION
4737
""speakers on religious, social, and govern- Cuba and its Communist government con-
mental topics." tinue to be the subject of great public in-
Arlington State College's location between terest and concern as the President, the Sec-
two big cities has helped to attract a high- retary of State, and the Secretary of Defense
'level staff of educators, says Dr. Woolf. this week made statements on our Cuban
Its faculty of 270 includes a generous policy.
legs, than 1 full academic load because of the While not a perfect yardstick, the Ph. B. has Cuba. Last October when it became known
demands of a of . become an accepted measure of academic that Russian weapons designed primarily for
Quite a few have jobs which depend on
tllei eo#rtinu n their edcuation at Arlington
State College.
Because; so mgny+ students" work in the
daytime, Arlington State Co ge classes run-
from 8 a.m. to iii p.rr -All ar`e credit courses.
Many Arlington State _ College students
take 7 years: _to get a degree, and a lot of
'others never graduate.
A good many youngpeople choose Arling
ton State College for -2 year courses which
eqL1ip them for jobs or for further study at
other schools,
Enormously, popular with employers of
Deli s art Fort Worth is Arun tons Techni
cal nstitut(bhlsion,a 2---year progran lead-11 1- 1 ing to an associate-in-science diploma.
This division produces engineering techni-
cian,s, and has 475 students. presently en-
rolled.
"4Ve canlace three to five times as many
engineering technicians as we can turn out; `
says Dean "Nedderman.
The technicians work with engineers-to
keep computers going, operate powerprants,
serve as htghwa' construction foremen, su-
pervise factory production lines, and so on.
In.the field of art, Arlington State College
osier . a 2-year program including design,
fashion illustrating, and interior-
decoration.-Students who, finish this course may, either"
go on into an art career or 'transfer their
credits to North Texas State University, Texas
Christian University, or other schools which
award an art. degree. _
A 2-year program in" secretarial`skills--i"n-
eluding office: accounting and operation of
office machines equips girls for office {obs
C,red'its In ?g 27year arclriteoure course are
transferable to any school which offers ad-
vaned training in this field.
Many of Arliag ton State i ollege's growing
U-1;6 center around, the parking problem.
Alone ,than 6,000 student cars tare re istered.
Much of the new land being acquired by
the' college will be devoted` to parking-and
the master plan"calli-for another 50 acres to
add to the" present 100:P
"by 1480,` we" expect to have multistory
parking garages," says Dr. Wool
"One of the problems of a-large school is
the time It takes to get between classes. We
are seeking to develop a compact Building
complex
Vor example a four floor men's dormrtory~
nowunder construction wil eventually rise:
to.seven stories
Arlington State College is also bull dinga
new dormitory for gists a`$2 trillion science
building, and a $1,500 000 library:
Just oft .'the carpi uts, ulie"' i5'Meara=Chart=
tiler Buildfng'andfevelopmen"t G"o. o lions-'
ton is erecting" a privately owned 3 story
dormitory for 306 to ISO? girfs-with 2
swimming ;pools and electric built in hair`
dryers. ,
convocation and 4,000 for stage presentations Monday, February 18, 1963
and inoor games is in Arlington State Col-
- Mr. EVANS. Mr. Speaker, the Cuban
lege's master fan-bu it
wilt de end on situation continues to be of concern to
friends gfof are tryx -a ers Available State .Members of Congress and to the Nation
building funds un too aes~eratelneeded for`
elarsraoms a d ah oriesi, , -a& awhole. In this conection, in my
College officials are cluretly approaching m '"weekly newsletter to the people of the
dividuals, corporations, and oundat oils in Fourth District of Tennessee,. I have dis-
aii atterript_ `to raise money to build the cussed ,the Cuban situation and recent
auditorium, developments.
Their pitch 7`he aCuditorium would add to
Arli gt _ Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent
an n on State ollege education 'bill-
that my newsletter be reprinted in the
lag part in"scholarly and professlonal con- The newsletter follows:
working toward having these troops removed.
The authorities in Moscow and Havana
must recognize that Soviet military elements
in Cuba do not insure the peace of Cuba,
but poison, the,atmosphereand increase the
dangers," Rusk said. "The sooner this
source of potential trouble is eliminated, the
better for everyone concerned."
"We An, the, Western Hemisphere cannot
accept as normal any Soviet military pres-
ence ,14 _this hemis
ph_.ere,"the Secretary said.
a serted thate, Cnba" Will not become a
He
base for offensive military operations against
the United States or other countries and
pledged "the Armed Forces of the United
States" to"maintain this position.
Littlejohn Family Military Record
HDN. ST_ROJ1: THURMONO
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, February 18, 1963
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, an
interesting letter from Mr. Thomas C.
Approved for Release 2004/06/23: CIA-ROP65B00383R000200230055-7
status in today's world. offensive purposes had been landed in Cuba
'- More than 40 percen) of Arlington State and were being deployed, the President or-
College's science teachers hold Ph. D. de- dered a naval blockade of Cuba and de-
grees-and more than 50 percent of the engi- manded that they be withdrawn. These
ficering school faculty. missiles and bombers were dismantled and
- Arlington State College traces its begin- removed from Cuba,
ping to 1895. Since this time the United States has con-
In that year, a private academy known as tinued our air surveillance of the island with
Arlington College was opened on the campus. both low-flying aircraft and with high-
. It was followed by three other private altitude planes of the U-2 design.
schools-Carlisle Military Academy, Arling- Recently, Secretary of Defense McNamara,
ton Training School and Arlington Military in a lengthy report, told the American
Academy-before it became a State junior peQple that since July 1 of last year more
college in 1917 with the name of Grubbs Vo- than 400 reconnaissance flights have been
national College. flown over Cuba by' our U.S. military air-
The junior-college became a part of the craft and that. the ?photographs taken on
Texas A. & M.'College system. these flights, plus other intelligence sources,
In 1923, the legislature voted. to call the indicate clearly that the offensive weapons
school North . Texas Agricultural and Me- have been removed from Cuba.
c-hanical College,'a name which stuck for 26
In adtliti,Qn"to?Seprgtary of Defense Mc-
years. ''T'housands of Texans still' think of Namara, President Kennedy, _Secretary of
the school as a cow college. State Rusk, and Mr. John McCone, Director
In3949,'then the largest State-supported
of our Central Inttelligence- Agency, - have all
junior college in the Southwest, the name stated quite positively that, while we are
was changed to Arlington State College. concerned, they are satisfied that Cuba no
The school was raised to senior college rank longer poses a real military threat to the
in 1959, and Dr. Woolf became its president United States or to other countries in this
the same year, succeeding the late Dr. E. H. hemisphere.
Hereford. - In a.further action directed against Cuba,
Br, Woolf and his associates have worked President Kennedy has ordered recently a
overtime to .upgrade curriculum, faculty, further crackdown on Cuban shipping which
and. plant, to assure high-quality education will further shrink the already substantially
for its ever-increasing crowds of young reduced trade with Cuba from the free
gcholars, ".world.
Women students are increasing at an even While partisan attacks are continually be-
faster rate than men, though the ratio is ing made on the administration because of
still 5 men to I woman student. our Cuban . policy, the President has taken
- Several dozen Negroes are among Arling- a firm stand and is working to strengthen
ton State College's 9,197 students, and were our position while also working toward the
integrated without any problem, college offi- removal of all Soviet troops from Cuba-
cials and students agree. this short of war. In international affairs
_- More significant, perhaps is the peaceful we generally tend to close ranks at the
coexistence of thousands of Dallas students water's edge, and follow a bipartisan policy
and thousands from Fort Worth. No signs of cooperation, however some would use the
of the ancient civic feud between the two Cuban situation for partisan attacks and
cities appear around the campus. political gain.
. Conceivably, Arlington State College might Secretary Rusk in a major speech this
become the catalyst to transform the ancient week in California called for an early with-
rivalry of the neighbor cities into a shared drawal of the remaining Soviet troops in
pride in the whole metropolitan area. Cuba and said that the administration is
= ,-n0 1110,
President Kennedy, secretary of Mate
Rusk, and Secretary of Defense Mc-
Namara, Speak on the Cuban Situation
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
 Approved far 200230055-7 #h-
A738 Februa 18
as ordered t i b prlfited #fl RECORD, The address follows: risen five times as fast as the rate of popu-
as follows: few A19D ORDER Srescx sT yAMM- 2. Powaas, lation growth, and, even more alarmingly,
Wea7o1fAL Cc;Wy ys.. AxEUcAx Lx- the group Which accounts for the largest
CMUMN F sstlw,' roes Cx ceco Paid Posz No. 207, increase in our crime rate is among young-
Cantigny to a small villa a In tort eaht CHICAGO, I11., FaavAaT 11. 1983 stets under 18 years of age.
trance. After t great Herman offenalve in Somewhere, my friends, we have lost our
March 1918, the German 'li`ne ran ivies to Thank you Mr. Chairman, distinguished touch, and I suspect that it is not as law
Montdidler and form a a. s`s1rent. The wrests. and my fellow Legionnaires of Chi- enforcement officer-but as arent ar-
P
Littlejohn, Sr., of, Cowj?ens, was At the request of memt era e - a=By" a he cited some alarming statistics
.printed in the Janllu&ry f0 issue of "the cugo Police Post No. 2OTf6r wTiom r'Iiave Wmch brought some to all of lisi-06--real
Spartanburg Guide of S.."Aanviar It high esteem because oft coiitrlbution seriansnes8 of the situation. "This day," he
* ass with the ,milita y recAi of the are making to our' city and our said. "more than 5,200 felonies-4 serious
Littlejohn family. f ask unanimous con- Y am extending my remarks to es every minute-will be committed
country, across the United States."
sent that it bepririted in Tfie'A upend x include the compTete Text of""the address He aatd they since 1946 our national crime
of the RECO&Dq, ofThe national commander of the itcnerf totals have more than dpubted.. an that.
There bei i po objection We letter east Legtor on this memora`le occasion. over the years since 1957 crime totals have
P
CfYdiice Post No. 2 7. ram so verypZeased
First Division Wa6 Or e village ticularly since this tremendous increase in -Lee *VW sander the a 28th Of _I I e o- ?P Y ? ior -Max 7 the crime rates among our young people is so
Bullard. 7"he ~8tl` pry#nnTer=e cm 'fin ofthis now trsditi"Dual law and pronounced.
(nand of Col. Hanson My,1456T title tantigay on banquet, Wh talk to this fine group Obviously the moral standards of the
Xuiertcan
May 28, 1918. `that was the
Nation shored up. We are need
i
l
f th
l
d t
th
d
h
an
an
o ma
e
aw o
e
Germans e Up.=
e e of World
n- of a revival d War T. The of a revival of f integrity, and a renewed em-
.40untemttacked for 8 days lout fatted `to re- -ceder in year horse community.
from the efinerteans 'i~vo This is sworn objective of all Legionnaires Phasic upon teaching the real values of life
hake the village _ and the responsibilities of solid citizen-
hundred and fifty prlsonefs were t'al`ren ent officers the badge ship to our young people-and-these respon-'if fihe division went to ce 1 I,T, r honor of law m
re cer, It is the
siblllties lie in the home, the church, and
itcrved in Coin any 28t1iai`an under elute. Far the he rest t of of u us who wear the
ion it is the school, where young minds are molded
n
f the American Le
b
f h
p
i
d
g
ae
o
o
or o
d
, Captain Tack an Lt. FCo er 7 s ey, A. ge duty as citizens to assist you wherever and true character is developed.
tr?.fen A.rAv nf .S'Timfpr">Y [!`"wa?fXli`la cull Ewa
I was awarded the ilv daily taaka. " ? . , . .
a medal
standards of conduct and d morality, but b
y
it
i
h
k
l
k
ear
I w
s
to ma
e
c
lit the very auaet,
rated third In the r' f General at we believe this to be the duty Of every our own example to Instill in the minds of
t q umerait I was wounded ?rAay~ 3T 1018, dt a and not only that of the American our young people a clear-cut, black and white
and awarded the fie hears anIt [ie'victory difference between right and wrong, and to
M8daL I "~ Ae e" tf most Legionnaire. Ours is a nation which depends provide them with the incentive to do right,
ref iotDSly wvazitTeterana`d4llted ~n the isir and equal dispensation of jus- rather than wrong. States and in 1959 there was on1 ' about 6'f mco to all her people, regardless of then eta- Parental concern for the child and his
IXL4n with then _de ees of wounds in" the do in life. The first step in that orderly concern
;'Ohited States." Pr's which differentiates us from the and future transcends enters into the the
realm family of concern cern for
for
n .. _ teiilttarlan stn Is the fair and equal en-
I and Mrs. Littlejohn reside on the `hattte- the future of this great Nation of Dora. Our
fa-eat of the law.ol the lead.
;round Road, "Cowpens, t3:C 't0e have Tour The at of the policeman Is not always an youngsters of today are the hope of America
sons: Joseph A., who serve'21'i`n'Worll War II emy one. Your every action is subject to of tomorrow, and we adult citizens of today
and was awarded t 1e Iegear`tMeaat and public scrutiny through the eyes of our news must put our own house In order, for only
e
Good Conduct one A.` {ir n media, and through your many personal con- by so doing can we properly provide our
was pinned down aavance of its men. re Lacta Made In the daily S dUCS of your children with a set of standards to live by.
pinned down the Germans with about three work. You are the. first person every honest We can no longer afford to be so engrossed
shots and return to his U n- h a partly u t citizen seeks when he 1s in need with material things of life in this land
and
Loaded Dr. Oliver M., w o received the aL n..ictenec YOU ,are ayolded e the of abundance, that we lose all sight of the
Bronce , the Purple Neart and`Good Con- plague by those shady characters who live Moral and spiritual values that have made
duct edal "Ik. Oliver rile 'ha3 a onithe edge of the law or who make a career America what she is today. If we continue
bullet to pierce a hole in helmet. Dr. at axading IL to Indulge ourselves totally in the day-to-
l.?cc 1pation- day quest of the almighty dollar at the ex-
11ioAlaq .'~ Jr., w i0 ser,v '7.$. Air Th0 Zinkauue aad.llplii,IS ati
Service, Is entitled to the Amerlcan2'eampaign al hwr'd which you have accepted without pew of all other facets of life, we may well
Medal, Asiatic Pacific "6ampai n-Medal. Gil- question. Yours is a paradoxical existence. see the day when this is no longer a land of
bert W. who served In the VA- Aim ' during You. are . tblt .jiuLL .01 jokes, the objects of abundance, but a jungle of fear and a land of
the Korean War. 11A In no% captai,, In the worn the target _ci the senaat iqn seeker. lawlessness.
1TB. Army Reserve. He was awarded. the 4y thedame tl yQu tJ defender of the Yet, If anyone still Insists on evaluating
Army Occupation Medal. weak, the hope of the oppressed., and, in a this situation strictly on a dollars and cents
TaroasaeC, I , to#ir3.8r. much broader sense my friends--you are im- basis It can be pointed out to the materialists
..., .COW1'ENs, S.C. portaat to freedom. that crime in this country now cost the
American
eo
le about $80 million a d
p
p
ay.
2 ray you are tinportanl to freedom, be-
ar Hoover DI- This figure, of course, gives no consideration
UV In the words of J. kde
it Americaa Legion Law an ger and subversion are formidable problems in of nations.
the 'United States- today "'because, and only Furthermore, we find that where strong
BOaQAlf becausei there isdour flaw ~ in the moral convictions are lacking, where crime
""
Nations moral at op ffouaishes. and where people are lethargic.
? ^~^ ." , ... .
r'T'M"NR ON tIP RF'N' A" Note wenMat 36. Moover did not sav that that The seeds of communism fall on fertile
i
%$l ~-e DfZIIpestlga to such factors as personal grief, broken
af~refs Rred
keynote 144ill COfiilII>1~IIdC 01Yert 2= our 1962 vnattIonal convention: orlma bight upon~Ame~rican prestige in ttheafamily
U.S.A., while in open defiance of the law of
the-land by-refusing to register with the
O9vernment as an alien agent despite a U.S.
Supreme Court ruling upholding the law
requi"rir 's`tic'k 'registration, continues to
spread Its Insidious propaganda throughout
the land. One of their prime targets is the
youth 'of America, as their speakers' bureau
of -top CPU A` functionaries seek audiences
on the campuses of our colleges and uni-
versities from coast to coast.
These are matters that should be of vital
concern to every American citizen who loves
his country and Is concerned about the
future of America. They are matters of
concerFt, to. the,American Legion-and have
been since the founding days of our
orga'nlzation.
IN THE HOUSE OP RE PRESENTATIP S
X pledge to the law enforcement agencies
1`ebriaar 11 1983 nit this find the full support of the"Ameri
isg1o1 as we stand at your aide in the
401A
.
Mr. O' A aL nois Mr., Speaker, . H'9" 1t, LL.this AgAL... Wilily yours is
S=ong the U#W Mpg events in the en- basically the task of bringing the wrohrching program of the American Legion doeto justice. we believeghat ours' L
14 Law tie6, 05i der sPd~m tp of keeping them from Tiecom
ill
Banque o Cago _ d ce Post . 207. ring wroi oers In the first place. _
National it r es E.ower8 Director Hoover further told the assembled
convention del
tes that ou
is "
an id
al-
r,
e
Is-
gave r ri to the, impol ance and _LLic nation ruled by laws, not by
nation---a,
significance of fhU law and order ban- " men Yet each .veal shows new record peaks
quet by accepting the Invitation of the or crime and lawle944eea4
post to be the al speaker at this "Crime," he continued, "Is a
parasite, feed-
year's dinner. ne log upon public disinterest and moral Ieth-
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 Ap~roj c~ ; 1 U r r~ 1 P 02 0557
HON GEORGr-A SMA "H' RS
or A]i'ta5k> - d
IN TIRE SENATE th ''r 1! ri r 11s
% onl ay, ebruary 13 1963
I1 r $N1A' t Mr: resident,
tiithin the past several years the city of"
MiaYxi~ has.. underdone a tremendous
change. Through its portals save passed`
ovEr 180,dij0 homeless Cuban exiles seek=
ing refuge from" the tyrannical yoke of
Ca$roj? Communist regime While
Zany 'of the exiles have resettled se
Where in the ` cited State's anclabroad,
the great majority have remained in the
Miami area. Such a gigantic influx of
" v:nx_~op
" spec ing a is
, nn-English pe
poor o
certain to 'cause problems Tor any city
irnd in this respect iami is no exception.
.I add that, the reason these people 'are-
poor " is that whey were forced to leave
C11ba, without Being permitted to carry
any of their worldly possessions with
them. What is ttriiue, However is the
way in which the `Cubans 1ve lcen as'
similated into tv iami`s society and how
two divergent rout s have learned to live
together in harmony and brotherlioo-d.
The story ofMiami s transition is' well-
told in a recent article frolli the Wash-
ington; Daily News by the noted writer
~Richaid Starnes. r-.
The remarkable "thing about the story of
Miami and the Cuban refugees
1Vlr Starnes states, is that what-
could have easily ~iecome asciuallc[ chron-
isle of siisp clop fear and hate has turned
?out to be,a, chapterot contemporarj story
that all Americans ou l t to be ttroud of
[pp endix
lastro's Cuba. There have been, of course,
host of irritants in the wake of this in-
there have ,been resentments, and
there is still a small, ugly core of prejudice
against , these people who "abandoned their
homeland because they loved freedom more.
But the remarkable thing about the story
bf Miatni'and the Cuban refugees is the fact
that the irritants have been minor and are
glowly vanishing, that the incidents are di-
minishing as understanding grows, that the
dismal reservoir of prejudice is no larger
than it is. A story that could easily have
become asqualid chronicle of suspicion, fear,
and hate, has turned out to be a chapter of
contemporary history that all Americans
ought to be proud of.
The credit for this belongs, of course,
principally to the people involved-the peo-
ple of Miami and the Cuban refugees-with
a big Wsist from the farseeing and compas-
siopate program of assistance set up by the
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare. ,
The Cuban Refugee Center, which recently
celebrated its second birthday anniversary,
Is directed by Marshall Wise, a HEW official
-whose field is social security, not refugees.
"I got the job," he told me, "because I
somehow got the name for being a close man
with a, buck, I. was managing the social
security office here in Miami, and when they
called me to set up the refugee program they
'said, 'We're going to have "to spend a lot of
-money, but we don't want it thrown around,
-and we don't want any scandal."'
-- On the record, HEW's choice of a head
-man for the refugee program looks good. A
_lot of money has been spent (more than $71
million in direct cash relief to the refugees,
for example) but the accomplishments of the
"program are genuinely impressive. More
'than a third of the refugees have been re-
'settled in cities all over the United States.
nR,esettlgment is an easy word to say, but a
tough job to accomplish.
,'In many cases it meant teaching English
,to adults who had never heard it spoken; in
,all cases it meant finding jobs, transporting
-families, coaching new communities to ac-
tcept the refugees. The rate of failure in the
As a tribute to "the people responsible resettlement program? Less than 2 percent.
for Mianni's "success storyi' the Cuban This figure is good testimony to the sort
exiles and the residents ofiami-t' ask -of people who have fled Castro. There are
unnitnous consent to have IV1-111- ir atarne6," other statistics, equally impressive. No ref-
ai~ticle printed in the Appendix" of the ugee has been involved in a major crime.
Juvenile delinquehcy and illegitimacy (two
Ri CORD," prime indices of social decay) apparently
There being no objection, the article do not exist among the refugees at all.
as follovls
MrAX1 An AU, REFUGEES
;UDAN
121chard Starnes)
By
a- " Lithuanian Independence
(291,688 "in the 1880 censuus and iii 2 years
superimpose another city on it-a city largely
made -kip of penniless refugees who speak no
English, a city totaling 153,000 people.
-These people will iinmediately become eli-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RAY J. MADDEN
gible for a Federal dole an
d surplus food IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
from Federal' warehouses, neither of which
is available to Miamians. 'They will compete Monday, February 18, 1963
d
b
rket al
s
a
r
rea
y
la
ma
in
o
furiously for job
badly depressed * They will occupy a huge Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, last
area of the city and, inevitably, change it week, a number of us paid tribute to the
into a ghetto where English is seldom heard. former free Republic of Lithuania on its
All these things have 'happene'd to Miami 45th anniversary of Independence.
as the result of the deluge of refugees from The following is a proclamation issued
by the Governor' of the State of Indiana,
Hon. Matthew E. Welsh, and the mayor
or Gary, Ind., John Visclosky, commem-
orating the occasion:
STATE OF INDIANA,
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR,
Indianapolis, January 16, 1963.
ALBERT G. VINICK,
President,
PETER INDRIEKAS,
Secretary, Lithuanian American Council,'
Lake County, Ind., East Chicago, Ind.
GENTLEMEN: It is gratifying to me, as
Governor of the State of Indiana, to call to
the attention of all citizens that the date,
February 16, 1963, will mark the 45th anni-
versary of the founding of the Republic of
Lithuania which, with other Baltic States,
has been ravaged by the forces of commu-
nism.
It is apropriate that we join the citizens
of our State, of Lithuanian descent, in the
observance so significant to them and to all
who oppose domination and oppression. We,
whose forefathers also fought the battle
against tyranny, are happy to unite in the
celebration of this memorable event, with
the hope that their nation and all nations
which have suffered similar plight, may soon
rejoice in the restoration of their freedom
and independence.
MATTHEW E. WELSH,
Governor.
PROCLAMATION DY THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF
GARY, IND.
"Whereas February 16, 1963, will mark the
45th anniversary of the founding of the
Republic of Lithuania; and
"Whereas the result of the Stalin-Hitler
conspiracy, the freedom-loving Lithuanian
nation was forcibly deprived of its independ-
ence, and subjected to unscrupulous prac-
tices of physical, religious, cultural, and
economic destruction by the Soviet Union
and its single ruling Communist Party; and
"Whereas the Lithuanian people are
strongly opposed to alien domination and
oppression, and are determined to regain
freedom and independence; and
"Whereas the act of Soviet aggression on
Lithuania and other Baltic States has been
never recognized by the United States, and
as long as America and its democratic form
of government survives, there will be hope
in Lithuania and all ravaged nations of the
earth for a better day to come; and
" ""Whereas the residents of this State, along
With Americans in many other States of our
great country, have a bond of sympathy and
understanding with their fellow citizens of
Lithuanian decent whose native land has
been '(iefallen "~y` hard trials and tribula-
tions under the brutal rule of, the Kremlin
masters: Now, therefore, I, John Visclosky,
mayor of the city of Gary, Ind., proclaim
Saturday, February 16, 1963, as Republic of
Lithuania Day throughout the city of Gary
and do urge all our citizens to give proper
recognition to this day of special patriotic
significance to their Lithuanian American
-fellow citizens and to join in such exercises
as may be appropriate for the observance of
this anniversary."
Dated this 31st day of January 1963.
JOHN VISCLOSKY,
Mayor.
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 ,0736
Appro've'd dt6
Arlington State 6 1' e A usts to Ra
>rta , ,
ryes eras Area,
n
wor
n
e
tf v e writing
. Your electrical engineering
Lipg Temco-Vgttght plant full time for a
14A had to be In the swim or an engine cx- ers
semester. Venally, they carry one night
0 pub-
course while working, so as not to break the
ywrtlelpate In social concerns of his fteld.
academic continuity.
"At Ling-Temco-Vought they work as part
of a team, with engineers engaged in re-
teaching are three of the most Important Yeted;to Se~,.
:Tt iS 8 s 0
?asCh1 t
e, -. ,VXW to keep a faculty allve." Many on the search. They achieve a maturity that most
r
_AMW-State Coll
. , W, 4MV - already serve do not have by the time of an consultants to Industry, jnapy,az~ , -young people
b.as outstripped 00,
wren ss
X. & M , ul en>q~
sr1
A n ber of other plants In the Dallas-
a graduate school a bit In Port Worth area also have earn-and-learn
?'o d to iTn a jean a
-the"future. arrangements with students at Arlington
its incxea n~
is a ;SUCC 3 . In _ u -
t whether in this way or In some other, State College. vm must expand.- says Dr. Woolf. Dean Nedderman reports that Arlington
t Ii and a rigti deserve tr 1,1tc o, ya wow have been- surprising. perhaps, State College graduates in five engineering
trilti0~, acuity, ant udenta O ir j gpgi ~ specialties-aeronautical, civil. electrical, In-
_Q 5 ~1 Q r~wth of te, It9 hp at 10 of,, A,rl ngtoa,,_ d gtrmechanical -are sought out by
enn~ Y4 that f e ELr- l - che-nged from a vi ag~e o 7,800 people General Electric, itadio_ _!Corp. of America,
Ca~ Oned 'I i fD48 to a city o? 54.000. and the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
of Arlington's big sister cities, ministration, as well as firms closer home.
MCI 'growth
L~-IIas and Pbrt Worth. I. well known. A good percentage of the graduates stay
fed i- sadly-O e COltD? -The 3-year-old senior college Is geared to in the Dallas area to work for Ling-Temco-
re O {eCti nay ~tfle SI CK tcsa-apace age and also to the north Texas Vought, Texas Instruments, General Motors,
was ordered tQ be printer lneRECORD, .bual c and cultural community of which Ben Helicopter. Dallas Power & Light Co.,
dS O OWS 11. a art. Texas Power & f,1ght, General Dynamics,
iLINcidN Sz a ZQM. point out that` many .profee- Southwest Airmotive, and other engineer-
`Mt al fields 'of education thrive beat In an hun jr industries.
FT HANQ
syeren Calleiway' a thing we are proudest of in the
? r, ," We are sitting right here in the middle school of engineering, though, is the per-
?AxI.INGTQH, '1" ?-When tom.-Aral .lltige of, the financial Industry, commercial, cul- formance of our graduates in well-known
tidal wave of war, bt, ulfs American Aural. and population center of the whole graduate schools," says Dean Nedderman.
itiea.n ljngton State 13wetllwest; says Dr. Woolf. "This is the acid test as to the caliber of
e will pro f a ._rb Is flood' of_ youngneas of the senior college gives product we are turning out.
3rs~ihman and serenely. a IL same advantages peculiar to this astronaut "A number of our better students go on
of constant and rapid change-a time to do graduate work at universities from
own accuata ed to eur ggrow Vd when flexibility Is becoming vital to mu- Cal Tech to Purdue, from Iowa State to the tz- as Ti rn the heart v >ral Massachusetts Institute of TechnoI
?iston?_ _ t) lee I?biL Vurt ogy.
pOF- iFr Cattlbura Q:I3eal.asaistaat to the Kraal- Without exception, all have done extremely
f 9fS R
~y Rant and professor of English, points out: well."
^ tAlp Stu' "We .hays had- a- unique opportunity here Arlington State College feels obliged to
sta. By i969 4 8 were enrolls i And or t silt, of our students who want only that."
dent Jack R. Woo engineer bye, training, replaced if necessary." Even the engineers must study social act-
With a doctor of - osophy degree from Pur- Emphasis in the business .administration emcee and tile. Iiurneulities, "so they will as-
due. A native ? Dr. Woof came to degree program, be expllain4, has shifted aurae responsibility for some of the monsters
Arlington State College from A.,& M. _ from, typing-shorthand-bookkeeping to man- they are creating," says Engineer Woolf.
Other key .people in the admtnlatration agerial skills,. _ Quite a few young people choose Arling-
IaClude the deans of the , e e s two instrument io~,gpd cr vtty now S Bn ton State College for premed and prelaw
schools-Ifr. S elfin, Jr., sits and sci- In the engineering. iahs-ellicceediag the training.
sores, and r W aid engineering, be n!s od generators sad, photo which were personality of Arlington State is a bit
`People still s says Dr Woolf, emit- so long standard equipment for engineering different from that of most colleges its size.
ing. "when we are going to become a senior students. Its average student Is a trifle older and a
Dollege?" #lectr ,brai a, atL xs,dlo-w-9ea.are CZ- little more serious about studies. He is less
Arlington State passed that milestone amples of Arlington State College's modern wrapped up in football and the bossa nova-
mdre than 3 years ago, and the question laboratories of engineering, though Arlington State College offers sports
glow is when It will add a graduate school. If the average citizen of Big,D and Fort and social lifk. a plenty for those who care.
'dtilabFe oYteicbTng graduals courses.
4. graduate school would: be. a logical de-
velopment. he feels.
k vital In higher education today, Presl-
o" Wool notes, to " X#eyour faculty
?l pu professor needs to do csea-
February 18
Worth has been unaware of the major new
college which has grown up so fast between
them, this I. not so of big industrial and
business interests.
Dr. Nedderman speaks to this point:
"Ling-Temco-Vought maintains an ideal
cooperative plan with our school of engi-
neering. The company annually credits out-
standing high school seniors, and brings 15
to-30-of them to Arlington State College
nagh Yaar_
"These students alternately go to school
full time for a semester a
d
k i
th
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 AporbVec K6b 200230056_ -`
"le i}estion Ii $ a month is oiigh [1VIr."O'HAt pi of Illinois addressed he our `coal producing areas` fri tile` f?nited
for `tile overmhent today, then why isn`t t House. His remarks will appear here- States. If any joy is expressed it must
must be by the Venezuelans and that self-
per"fti tied to private "ustness7 Or,` put it after in the Appendix.]
angtl er way, if $75 isn't enough in private serving profiteers in the oil import and
employment, why should the Government
pay tess7" " distribution system of the New England
As we see youri pellple idled by lack of odd KING`COAL" DYING FAST States"
jobs and out-of school employment, summer - The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. For many years the domestic fuels
or otherwise, we `might order the effect of WACCONNER). Under previous order of industries have tried to work out the
legislation which seemso favor Governriient the House the Chair recognizes the gen- national fuels problems with cooperative
tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. DENT] studies and planning. Every time their
while discrimfnatinpaains~ private indus-
try. Surely the youngster WhO gets only $75 for 30 minutes. efforts start to bring order out of chaos
a Inc nth from the"Government is no better (Mr. DENT asked and was given per- and the various industries and their de-
toffhe than the one who gets $ ft a mo --
rit l stick mission to revise and extend his re- pendents begin to level off into a reason-
ick
arks, and to include extraneous mat- ably productive era along comes the im-
er) port lobby, and some nonelected political
U.N. AGRICULI [7ItAL A17~ O Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, just before bureaucrat issues a come and get it order
CA I left my office I received the attached to the ever hungry international oil
A
orrespondence from the White House. companies and their domestic bird dogs.
Director Edward McDermott recom-
(Mr FASCELL asked and was given At this time I would like to make it a
.permission to extend his remarks at this part of the RECORD with a few comments: mendation will make this Nation de-
point in the RECORD and to include FEBRUARY 13, 1963. pendent upon outside sources for our na-
extraneous matter.) Hon. soar H. DENT, tional fuel needs and eventually our pe-
IYLr. 'A$C)tLL. Mr S n eakS with House of Representatives, troleum industries will join the coal fields
the announcement _several ays ago that' Washington, D.C. in their chronic depression and unem-
DEAR CONGRESSMAN: The the Unitd Nations had arantecl agricul asked me to acknowledge ourPletter of Feb- ployment.
tural aid' to Cuba, considerable protest ruary 7 expressing your concern over re- This Congress passed a coal research
was rrpiced in "this-136d y was-among orts that changes were being contemplated bill a few years ago, The people in this
those who protested. in the residual fuel oil import control pro- industry are being taxed millions of dol-
e Rscoari ""on` gram that would weaken it. lars for this purpose, to search out and
February 14, page 21'10, 'I' voicec`i my op- Prior to April 1 the Department of the find uses for coal in order to save the
to the action by the "h'mted -ga- Interior must announce new quotas. They economy of our coal areas.
will probably base their allocations on the The greatest amount of research
tiori in granting aid to Communist report of the Office of Emergency Planning.
Cuba. 'i"i11S act 'by the,mUnited hlatlon5 I was pleased to note that that report called money has so far been allocated by Sec-
is a7S1 extreme] unwelcoe and discord- for a continuation of the residual oil import retary Udall to the development of a
-ant action. puts the U.N.' and the oontrol program. process for turning coal into oil.
United States at or. S av r policy toward I do not know to what extent existing In the same breath the Secretary
Cuba, quotas will be modified, but I will see that ordered more millions of barrels of oil
i stated at that 'time that I full Sup your letter is called to the attention of the from foreign countries to use in place
2 _ Department of the Interior. of coal for fuel.
ported the investigation of t and re- Thank you for writing. Now, Mr. Speaker, a joke is a joke but
lated issues, which has been undertaken Sincerely,
in the other "body and announced by MYER FELDMAN, it is no joke to the thousands of destitute
Senator CHURCH. Because of the con Deputy Special Counsel, miners, their families and their com-
tinuing protest of. my constituents, I` to the President. munities.
repeat that which I previously said: Mr. Speaker, I want to state for the We have deposits of coal to last for
This lea xjatter,in which'al1 of us-the' tECORD that somewhere along the line a period of 1,000 years at a 400 million
p'orelgn Affairs Commfttee" which lias" iuris- the White Rouse -Deputy Counsel got his ton-year production. During this thou-
diction and the MMM6n?bers5of this Buse= lines crossed. -sand years there is no doubt that nuclear
will continue to, be vitally `interested. ` It The contrary is true. The Office of development will supplant coal as a basic
,would appear timely to have a complete re- Emergency Planning has recommended fuel.
Spc6lahzed programs of the l7nit ed rations. The transition from mineral fuels
ssessme t of the U S eositi in the the opposite to what Mr. Feldman to nuclear fuels will take time, time which
will allow for the development of coal
-- - , Mates in that if the President follows its
,Mr. Speaker, I am sure that all wile recommendations there will be complete uses other than fuel, will give our min-
agree with me that this body should not ..abandonment. of the residual oil control ing industry a gradual phasing out
Iilldertake an, investigation similar in program. -and will allow our communities to adjust.
nature and scope to tlia#being conducted Further, once the program falls by the The open door policy of destroying the
by the other body. The facts are that -wayside it will only be a matter of a few industry by the importation of foreign
the, offlcial? W .S. positions with which I years or even months before the. whole fuels does not allow the domestic indus-
am in agreement, was opposed to: the oil control program is abandoned. try or the domestic worker to participate
granting ofthe aid, but'ive obviously did- This follows as night follows day, sim- in the employment or the profits of the
not have the votes in the Governing ply because to produce residual, an oil substitute fuel.
Council of tiig Special 4fund to^prevent country must sell its crude. It is a matter of record that there need
the action. Iaam coi1l UCnt tha, he m- One wonsiers how long the patriotic be no residual oil left from the refinery 7-1 westigation in tie other` boc v win be impulses of coal users in America can process and actually under the label of
aucieW-1--l - 1 11 nt on this matterowever~ If =withstand the powerful inducement of residual waste we are being sold oil that
It is-not, Mien our committee which has -fuel oil dumped into the United States rightfully belongs in the petroleum prod-
jurisdiction willf certainly undertake to at any price that undercuts the b.t.u. ucts industry and not in the fuel in-
fill in any gaps cost of coal. dustry.
a t " f'7 ing Coal" may --'t-'b oe d ead'but his Some oil countries are producing re-
cihildien are awful sick. sidual at a rate 45 percent of the crude
A
I`TCx~ 11~;"
*4 Mr. Speaker, my purpose in addressing oil while here in the United States of
"he li Ajl Cfnc er; previous or .,the House today is to call to your at- America we are refining the crude in
et' o '(W_01 he. ousst~ the den leman from tentio?3 thc seriousness of the recom- some cases without a single drop of re=
sidual waste.
Illnols ;AxA! is reco,nized for men~ation of the Office of Emergency
60 minutes ,Planning in the matter of imported resid- Are we then buying waste or are we
.i O=Hli~4 gf linois asked and was Valoil. In fact buying a competitive fuel pro-
given permission revise an exten t find no cause for joy in this recons- ducted expressly for the U.S. market?
ills, relnar 'and t9 incline extraneous ritendation nor do I find any shred of It is my humble opinion that the his-
mat~er,) hope for the 'struggling coiiiinunlties' of tort' of the decline of the coal industry
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 Approved For R ?J1 Is W ?M( 00200230055-7 February 18
and it is Impending demIse is bust app.at- oil companies from using excess tax
tern that will be followed in the climi- credits arising from crude oil operations
nation of many of our domestic Indus- as in the Middle East to,offset U.S. tax
tries by the combined forces and. greed liabilities on other.iorma or sources of
of the internationalist Importers, export- foreign income, such as refining or dis-
ers and exploiters. tribution operations by affiliates In Eu-
These groups have lithe or no ailegi- rope or other parts of the world.
ance to any nation. They jiggle their In another reform, the President pro-
Incomes and profit taxwise to pay as poses that deduction of foreign develop-
little as possible, they deal in dollar ment costs should apply only to the in-
economics altd completely Ignore human come from these operations and should
economies. not be. permitted to reduce the U.S. tax
I studied, the tax picture of a large in- on domestic income.
ternational American-based oil company The administration has not requested
and I have come up with some rather en- any reduction in the highly controversial
lightening figures, Incidentally, if coal 2?'/:-percent depletion allowance. Past
producers and their employees enjoyed efforts by.Senate liberals, like Senators
the same consideration as oil companies, Doucrns, Paox34zas, and Moass, to cut
.Subsidized and tariff protected wheat the allowance have been defeated in
and cotton growers, they would not worry Congress, But the administration cal-
0-out the profiting Internationalists, culates that its reforms will save $300
-I+,,'or too many years oil has enjoyed a million-most of it from domestic oil
position that has been described as operations. It proposes to out the de-
l sacred and profitable." pletion, allowance, indirectly, by strict
Our administration is now trying to enforcement of the ceiling-the existing
Crdck the sanctuary wall which ilasshel- statutory limitation of 50-percent of net
":tezed the profits of our International oil income. This is to be accomplished by
Corporations. Middle East Ail com- requiring corporations to charge drilling
panics have long been protected by ad- and development costs In computing
mirals, diplomats, and tax accountants. their net. income-a requirement that
At the moment, our fleet and Air Force would not affect our oversea oil com-
are making symbolic visits to Saudi . panics. because their production costs are
Arabian ports and air fields to impress, so low,
warn, or reassure the various parties in- Would reduction of the depletion al-
volved in the Yemen conflict-Nasser, lowance affect the fortunes of our Middle
W al, Faisal, and Hussein. But the East oil companies?
Arabian American Oil Co,-Aramco-- During past Senate debates, experts
does not pay, as much as, t4C cost ,of an estimated that elimination of the
i1 change for these maneuvers because. Aramco depletion allowance in 1955
to the best of our knowledge, it has not and 1956 would have gained as much as
been paying Federal income .taxes to the $99 million for the U.S. Treasury. But
Uo4te4 States. spokesmen for the oil industry Insist that
fardperty, but a summary of 1955 and Arab governments would have merely
1046, earnings, entered into a Senate de _ increased taxes, thereby preempting the
'We in 1958, will suffice to offer tai tiler $99 million for themselves.
gears. by about 25 percent. ordinary taxes, that they can be raised
Aramco pays Saudi Arabia royalties, by unilateral action of the Saudi Arabian
hicil' are deducted from income. In Government. In fact, the taxes are a
addition, Aramco pays taxes to Saudi component of total royalties which are
.Arabia. These, like all foreign taxes, negotiated-not enacted. It Is true, of
are treated as tax credits against U.S. course, that Arab oil experts claim that
taxes. the companies liaye 4440 Inordinate
here, 1 the condensed Aramco Anna- Profits In the past and that the Arab gov-
dial statement: ernments are entitled to a larger share-
-the above table shows that .Saudi
~...._...__...,--
pp. $724. a 1748, 8
mysltles o .??.....?_?- 78.4 81 a
costs find cues o------- - 381.9 18,8. 3
Yang an Income oL. 464.9 488, 2
From which d duct 2734 percent de-
tp[2nettllon ,allowance, based on income
Leaving a U.. La ithie Income.oi 3412 852.7
cru V.B. taxes to Saudi Arabia total...... 378, 4 188.4
1917 199.4
efine,ta ts. I paid no U.S.
Instead, It had an
ea
amused tax credit, which under
existing law could be applied as a
credit against other income eamed
a'broad, oL--
That excess tax credit. Is one of the
targets of the mew Kennedy tax reform.
The President is Seeking to prevent our
and taxes totaled $280 million in 1956.
In 1961, the total was estimated at $350
Million.
What about the impact on prices? In
the past, the oil companies have posted
high prices for crude oil because the size
of their depletion allowance depended
on their gross receipts from crude oil
sales. In consequence, the companies'
own refineries, and those of their cus-
tomers, have shown very little profit.
This may also have boosted the bills of
consumers, our friends and allies in Eu-
well as the U.S. Navy and Air
In recent years, however, the price
structure has been cracking for other
reasons; Soviet competition and spec-
tacular oil strikes in Africa have ended
monopoly. And the administration pro-
posals may hasten this process.
We do not know how much the new
Treasury proposals will cost Middle East
companies. One guess puts it at be-
tween $25 and $50 million. But large
oil companies may come out ahead in
any event because of the proposed re-
duction in the U.S. corporation tax.
Domestic oil companies will surely
fight the President's proposals on the
hill. It will be interesting to observe
the extent to which foreign policy con-
siderations will influence the debate.
If the past is any criteria in all prob-
ability considerations for the foreign
potentates and ruling cliques will super-
sede the economic consideration in this
area of State-Commerce Department
activities.
Fellow Members, in these trying days
of continuing, and In many industries,
expanding unemployment, one wonders
If we have a true concept of the basic
requirements for a healthy and grow-
ing economy in an Industrial complex.
For too many years we have placed in
first consideration the welfare of certain
industries and in some cases certain
countries and have given second or no
consideration to other industries and
our own economic well being.
There has grown up in this country,
either by design or by accident, a feel-
ing that ours is an unlimited and bound-
less horn of plenty, with no bottom, no
ceiling, and the sides stretching beyond
the horizons.
This is not true in the balance of
human endeavors, desires, ambitions,
wants, and needs. It is especially un-
true in the field of trade economics.
It Is only true in the minds of those
whose well-being Is not dependent upon
the daily struggle to keep "their bellys
full."
No reasonable person objects to help-
ing a neighbor, be he next door or at the
far comers of the earth. Any reason-
able person can object however, when
we lose sight of the simple economic fact
that one must always maintain the
ability to provide help in order to give
help.
The coal industry Is a case In point.
No industry has performed so well in up-
dating its production facilities in Its re-
lationship with mine labor and finally
In its efforts to Introduce new needs and
uses for their product.
All this, however, has failed to keep
the job opportunities In this industry at
a rate required for a healthy economic
climate, industrywide or in keeping with
our national need.
Why is this so? Simply because of
action by our own Government in the
area of trade wherein imports of com-
petitive fuels have destroyed the gains
made by this Industry. We have com-
pletely forgotten the basic principle so
needed in a healthy economy.
We have forgotten job protection. it
Is unpopular today to talk protection-
Ism and yet without job protection all
else fades and soon we will be a Nation
of workers half producing and half not
producing.
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 MNAi3 RJLWf5 X000200230055-February Y8
past for the period April through ITT' man. from New York [Mr. RYAN] is rec- big modern political party in Venezuela, the
Accion Democratica, whose peasants and
ember declined'4,442,000 barrels and ognized for 5 minutes. workers made Betancourt president in the
tie Bureau of Mines reports that re- Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speaker, free election of 1958. Since then he has
finery output of domestic residual on the last week President Kennedy told the given l Veuezuela the longest and most sue-
east ern seaboard amounted to 31.7 mil- Nation at his press conference: cessful constitutional government in its 142-has lion barrels Apr'ii through October for I regard Latin America as the most critical year-old
chancie tor y. A year hent ambit on a
1962, the latest period available, as Com- area in the world today. turning over his office to a freely elected sue-
pared with 32 million the n in the same period Certainly the presence of Soviet troops cessor who can consolidate Venezuela's
of 1961. Thus, there was an actual de- in Cuba is cause for grave concern. But fledgling democracy.
cline of only apiout 4:5 million barrels the President, undoubtedly, also is pre- Like other Latin American countries,
1 Venezuela still has problems of poverty and
in d02ne d S a' y fn the first 8 months, occupied with the vast Latin American
ohat thed to a y et increase This means continent beyond the island of Cuba. ignorance. Unlike most, being the world's
that there was a'liet increase in residual No. 1 all exporter, Venezuela has the money
gvallaSeething with social unrest and political to tackle them. But only since Betancourt
mVa iIo. tothe east coast of about 12.5 instability, many of the Latin American has it shown the political guts and imagi-
milhon barrels tTiirang'the first 8 months Republics are prey to Communists sub- nation to try. His government has approxi-
cif this, quota year. version. Meanwhile, the Alliance for mately doubled the number of schools and
Even in the face of these facts, the Progress has been disappointingly slow students in 5 years, and raised the literacy
department of"5 minor is now adding to alleviate those conditions which bar rate around 50 to over 70 percent.. It has
en additional 6.5 million barrels during the great masses of Latin Americans from tried seriously to improve the lot of the
the next'60 days. Under the already campesinos with free land, better housing,
participation in the fruits of Western loans and instructions. And it has helped
.uarteg "uniport levels, 'quotas for this civilization. the underprivileged without alienating the
total, o were 37172 r r is per the year's Tomorrow Washington welcomes a rapidly expanding business class or the still-
total, or ~T barrels per day. This gallant man from Venezuela, President potent army. Betancourt's stand against
enormous increase, when added to ex- Romulo Betancourt. President Betan- Castroism has been so courageous that the
fsting quotas, means that import levels court has been fighting to bring to his danger of a military coup, despite Commu-
for .the next A ' months will reach the nation the goals of the Alliance for Prog- nist provocation, grows smaller by the day.
per d iOmiCal figure of 8'78,000 barrels One of South America's most volatile coun-
ress-social justice in a framework of trips has proved that democracy, given a
peP aY? political democracy. chance, can be made to work.
This i e by far the hag under highest the level im- In his struggle against tyranny Betan- That, of course, is the whole aim of the
recorded under
imports n ever - rel ius
ors 11. control program'. The previous court has known the terrors of the Alliance for Progress. The reason it is in
hunted man, separation from his loved trouble, according to one expert group, isl
rear d was month barrels 1962. ones, the bitterness of exile. As Presi- that it has "lapsed into a unilateral U.S.
reached for 1 month in to the m s- dent of Venezuela, he has continued to checkwriting program." But Venezuelan
This further severe blow w t to the domes- endure great trials and personal sacrifice. leaders take its two-way nature seriously.
tic, coal 'industry came despite the fact All of us remember Trujillo's heinous at- They get some $100 million in Alliance loans
that the De artment of Interior officials for housing and rural improvement, but their
P tempt to assassinate him. Hardly a week own much larger contribution and initiative
admit no shortage of residual oil now goes by without a report of some effort to are what gives these programs life. Once
thistwee the east eo i ang A trade lads destroy confidence in Venezuela's demo- considered the backwash of Spanish Amer-
New week bw W" ngl England area de sources ed cratic government. Sabotage of the oil Ica, Venezuela is discovering it has many
In this
wells, bombings of United States and assets that can enable it to outgrow its de-
i
that residual imports are selling well Venezuelan business establishments, the pendence on oil, not least a mixed and lively
below posted prices and that oil is in theft of five art masterpieces, and that population relatively unencumbered by feu-
plentiful supply: -the hijacking of a Vene dal tradition. It also has Romulo Betan-
sret, in face of adequate supplies and latest idiocy court. As representative of a continent in
a stable price, the import quota for zuelan oil tanker on the high seas-all which hope, progress and U.S. policy are very
residual oil was 'again increased-the attest to the Castro-Communist deter- much in doubt, he is a most welcome guest.
urination to wreck democratic progress in Mr. Speaker, I want to join in the wei-
trati su ch increase since this admiand Venezuela.
on Iassuilie`d office years a ago and activities come to President Betancourt, a coura-
'rataising imports "t6 million barrels for To Communist subversive are added constant efforts to discredit geous leader in the struggle for democ-
the year as compared to 154 million bar- Betancourt on the part of the despots racy. I am confident that even in his
rels,of allowable imports in 1960. who formerly ran Venezuela as their brief visit with us he will detect the great
' re would seem to be no other con- personalfief. Unhappily, we have heard admiration of the American people for
clilslieion to draw than that under this some of their propaganda repeated in his contribution to the cans of freedom
a,nd so st ae pu Y, affairs. I was particularly impressed by
President fennedy would help the coal - (Mr. RUMSFELD (at the request of
tryions. I still believe he is sincerely an zinc, the editorial issue in of ris s Ferbuary war week's 22. Life As Life Mr. BRucE) was given permission to
trying to do so. Romulo Betancourt "is a most wel- extend his remarks at this point in the
I disagree with those Members of the says, RECORD and to include extraneous
fldnlinistratiori who believe that relief, come guest." I include Life's perceptive matter.)
retz ainng,_ area development, public editorial at this point in the RECORD: Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, the
, substitutes for a job This week Kennedy welcomes to Wash-
works can ever or any displace otherthe need for the dignity ington quite a different sort of Latin Ameri- recent announcement that the United
that comes from a job that earns an lion- can from Fidel Castro. In fact he is Castro's Nations has decided to grant agricultural
number one target, the President of Vene- aid to the Castro regime is unbelievable.
est living for 'an honest day's work. zuela, Romulo Betancourt. Five years ago Equally shocking is the statement of Paul
The children of a workmg"father, the in Venezuela the Vice President of the G. Hoffman, Managing Director for the
wife of a working hussiand are entirely United States and his wife were spat on by United Nations Special Fund which will
different people`in the` eyes of their loved an angry mob. The communists who led
ones,'-the eyes of their neighbors and in that mob found plenty of readymade tinder, supply the $1,500,000 of aid, where he
compounded of jealousy, neglect and hatred says that not one American dollar will
the community in which they live, than of the recent 10-year Perez Jimenez dicta- be used in this project. It is simply not
the employed; regardless of how worthy torship. Last week Venezuelan Communists correct to suggest that U.S. dollars will
a Cause his Job was sacrificed to or for. were still trying to mobilize a following with not be used when it is common know -
acts of terrorism. But the masses no longer edge that the United States provides 40
respond. Of many reasons for this impor- percent of the Special Fund's expenses.
WELCOMEP13,Z;gIlTEI~I IA-IVIULO tant change, not the least is Betancourt. The American people will not and should
BTAIfi~t C~F1 ~Tltii Betancourt spent most of his early adult not accept this double talk. The United
years in jail, exile or the underground while
The "EA}N:R pro`tempore. 'Under Venezuela was run by military dictators. States is paying for a major portion of
previous order of the Mouse:; the gentle-. He nevertheless helped to found the first the support of the United Nations. The
Frankly, I campaigned warn if elected connaence
`t d b United States reports the real state of U.N. AGRICUL''URALt,AID TO CUBA
licl that if elected
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I Bay this knowing full well, the im- I received the following correspond- mean jar greater damage to both the Amer-
the services rendered to the production Hon. JOHN H.DcNZ, --` - current situation in the Caribbean, with
Rouse Office Building, Russia tightening its military hold on Cuba
bakers or upon publi
c taxes, the load
d
*
an
Washtnyton Venezuela constantly threatened by
LR3ftigd by the production dollar becomes , D.C.: Communist riots and unrest, could be
Till rnnearn ainne mill, 41.x4 ..~ tn4 ,.i
policy. The Nation's oftentimes repeat-
Etf, policy is to make all other nations
Belt-dependent and yet at the same time
we follow, a course destroying our own
j-dependency.
Zven today unless we can keep the
We lines open it will be next to 1m-
possible to gear up,, tool up, and produce
for' a major war of any duration.
We have lost supremacy in so many
fleIds of production that it is becoming
it $.o#ous problem just to hold on as an
3ndustrlaI complex in a world fast beeconl-
fng_ a massive automated machine snoop.
~Lloner or later the . nations whose
economies are based upon selling to the
U. market will find the well has gone
dry and eventually will have to turn to
their own markets for a sustaining
economy.
k- 'We. cannot buy all the world's produc-
tion but we are trying like heck. tsi do It.
We not only offer to go into the trade
ring with the Common Market but in the
came breath-Trade ExpansipziAct -we
take on all comers.
When you consider our domestic costs
of production, based upon mandated,
vented by a blindfolded lightwejghtt with
one hand strapped behind his back in a
ring with each GATT nation and every
underdeveloped nation represented by
heavyweights two hands free and no
blindfolds.
xf you think this is far fetched read
the reports of the hearing on the impact
of imports, count the industries affected.
cYaltlate the man-hours and wages lost
by imports as against gains from exports
and then tell me If you still think I am
wrong.
No nation can survive in a free-for-all
trade war unless it can produce with
slave or near, slave labor, low or no taxes,
subsidy or tax credits.
In the end It will wind up in interna-
tional bankruptcy, and whether we like
it or not, de Gaulle's position is giving
many U.S. workers a reprieve from the
unemployment lines.
The trouble is that while all our front
runners are screaming about de Gaulle's
grand design they forget that we have a
8#'and design of our .own which includes
such catchy words as "EurAmerica,"
"Atlantic Union," "GATT." "oil imports,"
and so forth.
One wonders whether we are not in
about the same fix as the kid caught
with his hand in the cookie jar.
2 refuse to believe 'as: of today that the
President of the United States will ignore
arhet aside withoutt consideration this-
plea of 102 Members of the House in this
serious matter posed ' by the McDermott
division.
your colleagues, regarding excessive Imports- "The domestic fuels industries have kept
tren of foreign residual oil, and the need to the Congress advised over the-years and there
maintain reasonable import controls on such have been many of the members of Con-
oil, was clearly shown by your signing the grass who have expressed deep concern that
letter to the President of Febrlrary 7 1483
In spite of your recommendation, the Of-
flee of Emergency Planning recommended to
the President on February 13, 1983, the fur-
ther relaxing of all controls on foreign re-
sidual oil. The report also declared that
the Nation did not need to depend on nat-
urtul resources within Its own borders for
Its security, thus implying that import lim-
Its on crude oil also are unnecessary.
We have sent you a copy of our statement
expressing consternation over this action.
A statement by you on this matter is
urgent to give the President your opinion
on these recommendations. We are also
hol*fui.you will feel it proper to express
your views on the floor of the House when
It reconvenes Monday. This is a critical
emergency for all domestic fuels.
JosreH E. MOODY,
President.
WAsax a'roN, D.C., February 13.-President
Joseph E. Moody, of National Coal Policy
Conference today Issued the following state-
ment:
"The recommendations of the Office of
Emergency Planning Director Edward Mc-
Dermott, If accepted by the President, will
constitute the most serious blow that this
administration has so far dealt the men and
their families of the coal and related
industries. The interest of hundreds of
thousands of American citizens were brushed
callously aside for purposes of political
expediency.
'It is difficult to reconcile this report with
the repeated statements of the President ex-
pressing his concern for the domestic fuel
industries, especially coal. If these recom-
meudations are carried out it can mean dis-
aster In the economies of West Virginia, Vir-
ginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Indiana,
Illinois and other States.
"It Is our understanding that the report
is the same except for some word changes
as it was In September 1982. It recom-
mear' that the Import program on residual
au be gradually abandoned and further
serves notice the same Is In store for the rest
of the import program on crude oil and
other products.
"In that the report has been In the mak-
ing since May 1981 and the present form re-
porzedly has been available since last Sep-
tember, the coincidence of the visit next
week of Mr. Betancourt, President of Vane-
zue'a, can hardly be Ignored.
"The threat of 'Castroism' hanging over
one Latin American country, and the recur-
rent riots by the Communist elements there
eeern able to panic the U-S. Government
while It remains unconcerned about the
critical plight of Its own citizens.
"The report reaches the strange conclusion
that 'The adequacy of resources is not
strictly a national problem-is not one for
which one looks for an answer within the
geographical limits of the United States.'
114s means that. In the opinion of the
OEP Director. America need no longer be
concerned with developing and strengthen-
ing its own resources, and can only be
interpreted as meaning that import restric-
tion,i on crude oil are also considered un-
necessary.
"If this revolutionary thinking is accepted
by the President, the ultimate and can only
was important to the strength of the econ-
omy of this Nation. As has been so often
true in the history of this Nation, matters
of this nature of such vital concern to so
great a part of the American people, may
have to be finally settled by the Congress.
"The conclusions of the OEP Director are
completely contrary to findings by the Select
Committee on Small Business of the House
of Representatives which held extensive
hearings on the question of 'oil imports and
recommended just last month that 'the im-
port quotas of residual fuel oil to be used
solely as fuel should be fixed at a level no
higher than the total of such imports In 1961,
so as to reduce the threat to national se-
curity which residual oil imports now create.'
"It should be recalled that this conclusion
was reached by the Small Business Commit-
tome Sgllowing extensive hearings by a sub-
committee headed by Representative Tons
Srzm, of Oklahoma."
Mr. Speaker, the recommendation of
the OEC Director on top of the unwar-
ranted increase in residual oil import
quotas for the remainder of this quarter
announced recently represents another
severe blow to the already seriously dam-
aged coal industry.
The total increase-17,000 barrels per
day, for the full year to be available in
the next 2 months-is more than 6-5 mil-
lion barrels, or the equivalent of 1.5
million additional tons of coal to be dis-
placed in the next 2 months.
"This lost coal production would have
provided jobs for more than 600 U.S.
coal miners for a full year, or 3,600 min-
ers during the next 2 months," Mr.
Moody said. These destroyed miners'
jobs can now be added to the 17,000 full-
time jobs already lost each year to im-
ported residual oil, which now displaces
more than 45 million tons of U.S. coal
annually.
Today's action was taken at the same
time that a spokesman for the admin-
istration acknowledged to us that there
has been an increase in imports in the
first 8 months of the quota year of over
17 million barrels and that consumption
on the east coast has been 5.6 million
barrels less than was anticipated by the
Bureau of Mines in their demand fore-
cast on which quotas were established
last April.
The Department of Interior press re-
lease announcing the new increase
stated that there was a reduction of
4 million barrels in stocks as of De-
cember 31, and that the supply of do-
mestic residual for the east coast this
year had proved to be approximately 10
million barrels less than was anticipated
by the Bureau of Mines.
However, the Geological Survey,
which compiles such figures for the De-
partment of Interior, reports that ship-
ments of domestic residual from the gulf
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SSN RCORD HOUSE
Jp t ' t11. his, p>:olect whether liri'ct or in- improve the investment climate and with-
direct and this is?ltOlertb -hold aid from others until satisfactory per-
To grant any amoun of aid tp the formance has been demonstrated.
Communist nation_ that-.mss cgn,flscated This is an important study and I hope
more than $1 billion worth of American that it receives the widest possible at-
property and has not paid a cent in tention.
coma ention is utterly unthinkable The, text of the statement follows:
1Vlr Spea er v uIe the subject of Cuba
.,A REAPPRAISAL OF THE ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS
is under discussion I wish to go on rec-
ord as being in complete disagreement
with the theory now apparently in vogue
in adlninistr tipilircies that >tao one but
the adminisration,phojJd_discuss. Cuba,
In these , days of managed news. I sin-
cerely believe that it is the rest?onslb>lity
and duty of each citizen,. and, .particu
lady, each Member of Congress, to con-
structively discuss .and, if necessary, as
n this, case, dare to criticize the decisions
Bing made and carried Out m,our State
Department by the administration.
These men are not ojllt s ie,ut; their
:decisions are not sacrosanct,,
This Nation is one of representative
government, andas one Representative,
I object to our, financin,_ anti-American
policies. If this means that the Congress
must but off support for the Special
.Fund, then this must bedone ?
I have voiced, . my support of 'the
United Nations in the, past, as have the
vast majority of Americans. However,
this U.N. action demands ?a. exious re-
appraisal: of our role in the U.N. My
deep concern. has been voiced to the
administration, and I sincerely hope that
other Members of_Qg3pgress will join in
expressing their disapproval. Cuba to-
day is a center for Communist subversive?
activities th,.roughoutthe, Western, Helni-
sphere. Our every action must be to
weaken communism in Cuba, not
A REAPPRAISAL OF TIDE ALLIANCE,
7a`ClRCGRESS . .
(Mr. LINDSAY (at the, request of Mr.
.
BRUCE) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to,incldde extraneous,nlatter,)
Mr. LIN0St9 X,, _ fr. Speaker, I am
deeply concerned over the future of the
Alliance for Progress. So far there has
been very , little progress, and too, little
leadership from the United States. The
prograuil cannot be alloyved to continue
to flounder. The future p1 the Western,
hemisphere is at stake.
I am pleased to bring to the attention-
of my colleagues a memorandum ,pre-.
Pared by three , members of
_the Coin-
me ce Committee for the Alliance for,
'progress-C`OMAP: Emilio. ~~,, Collado,_
vice president and director, Standard
Oil ,Co. , of view ijejrsey David Rocke-
feller, president, the Chase Manhattan
Bank; and Walter B. W;r , qu,_executive
vice president, First National City Bank.
The authors call;for a,cornprehensive
reap piafsal,of the policies and actions.,
that. will hefpp the Alliance for Progress,
to ach}eve, ,}t hgie oectives They
urge that increased emphasis be placed
on the `eneQull"~agement of private initia-
tive and Investment, both local and, for-
&m- It is their further belief that:
,The United "States should concentrate its
economic aid program In countries that show
Last spring, the Commerce Committee for
.the Alliance for Progress (COMAP) was
,launched , with . a view-to seeking ways in
which American business,.could_ further, the
Alliance. A few days ago, the Chairman of
'the Committee-J. Peter Grace-submitted
'a report to the Commerce Department and
-to other agencies, recommending certain
.legislative proposals relating to the Alliance.
-The following memorandum sets out the ob-
servations and conclusions of three members
of COMAP. who, while agreeing with many
of the points made In the Grace report feel
that there are certain aspects of the problem
which need' 'a somewhat different emphasis.
`For this reason we feel justified in submit-
ting a separate commentary.
?- "We have become increasingly concerned
lest the Alliance for Progress fail to achieve
Its objectives for lack of a proper focus for
Its activities.
"As one illustration, the initial concept of
COMAP's role appears to have been directed
at finding ways to meet the Punta del Este
program of $300 million a year of net new
V.S. private investment in Latin America by
devising short-range measures on the part of
the United States to encourage such invest-
ment. If such measures would really get
,,the Alliance off the ground, they might be
justified. But we are disturbed by.the feel-
ing that even if such measures were taken,
and were successful in inducing an expanded
flow of U.S. investments into Latin America,
the basic problem of making the area attrac-
tive to local savers and investors would re-
main. Indeed, such a program could do
positive harm by making local governments
;eel even less urgency than they do now for
cjiievipg a proper investment climate.
'What is needed is a comprehensive reap-
praisal, not of the broad objectives of the
Alliance for Progress, but of the policies and
betions which will best achieve these objec-
tives. The first year's operation of the
Alliance saw heavy emphasis placed on gov-
ernment planning, government-to-govern-
,lnent loans and grants, income redistribution
through tax and land reform, public housing,
and other social welfare measures. Many of
these steps were commendable. Yet they
were not in most cases accompanied by ef-
forts to push through economic reforms
which would encourage private initiative and
enterprise. The continued outflow of pri-
sate funds from. Latin America is sufficient
proof of the critical character of the current
situation.
"Many countries in Latin America need so-
cial reforms as well as measures to provide
greater equality of opportunity. However,
-these broad objectives cannot be achieved
Without a more rapid rate of economic ad-
vance than now is in, prospect. And rapid
economic growth cannot be achieved without
greater emphasis on the private sector. The
fact is that some 80 percent of Latin Amer-
ica's national income is today generated by
private activities. Consequently, the Al-
liance for Progress can succeed if-and only
if-it builds upon this base and places far
greater emphasis on the encouragement of
private initiative and investment, both local
and foreign.
- "To reorient the Alliance for Progress in a
direction which offers promise of achieving
its objections involves difficult and sweeping
economic reforms. Currencies need to be
stabilized through measures to bring govern-
ment budgets under control and to avoid in-
flationary increases in the supply of money
and credit. Efforts along these lines could
lead to the removal of the many exchange
controls which still remain and which in-
hibit economic growth in many nations. At
the same time, governments should act to
remove the network of other controls which
restrict enterprise and sustain local, high-
cost monopolies. Economic growth, and the
real benefits to all participants in the com-
munity which can accrue from growth, are
maximized in an atmosphere of political and
economic stability under which competitive
private enterprise can thrive.
"In a very real sense, the Alliance for
Progress is concerned with the age-old prob-
lem of trying to bake a bigger pie and divide
the slices more evenly at the same time. The
emphasis to date has been mostly on the side
of slicing the pie. While such efforts may be
desirable in the long run, the immediate ef-
fect has been to shrink the potential size of
the pie. Experience around the world shows
clearly that the national welfare is better
served by far through policies which enlarge
the entire pie.
"To accelerate economic advance in Latin
America, efforts on many fronts will be re-
quired. Governments have important roles
to play-in such areas as schools, health,
farm extension services and roads. However,
the overriding needs is for an increased flow
of private capital from both local and for-
eign sources and for a significant and con-
tinuing improvement in the efficiency with
which all resources, including most im-
portantly human resources, are used.
"For these reasons, we urge that U.S.
policies be reoriented to place far greater
emphasis on the encouragement of private
enterprise and investment. What has been
done to date along these lines is simply not
enough. The encouragement of private en-
terprise, local and foreign, must become the
main thrust of the Alliance. This would in-
volve two major changes in U.S. policy.
"The first requirement is that the govern-
ments-and, as far as possible, the people-
of Latin America know that the United
States has changed its policy so as to put
primary stress on improvement in the gen-
eral business climate as a prerequisite for
social development and reform. It must be
made clear that U.S. policy in this hemi-
sphere is based on the need for rapid eco-
nomic growth and on the belief, confirmed
by all available evidence, that this can be
achieved within a reasonably free political
framework only if private capital is given the
opportunity to work in a favorable environ-
ment. This means that our policies should
be consistent throughout the area and should
discourage tendencies toward nationaliza-
tion of industries and encourage setting up
explicit rules which provide for truly reason-
able indemnificatioS where nationalization
has taken place.
"In addition we should discourage policies
which tend to distort normal economic rela-
tionships-policies leading to overvalued,
and multivalued exchange systems, complex
import controls with high and highly vari-
able traiffs, quotas and other forms of trade
restriction, price controls and highly unpre-
dictable budgetary practice. In short,
"emphasis should be placed on creating an
atmosphere in which private business plan-
ning can go on without undue concern about
possible changes In the rules of the game.
Countries following these policies should be
given tangible and active support.
"To make this position clear and unam-
biguous, it would be necessary for the Presi-
dent to proclaim it in a major address in
which he not only spells out the rationale
behind the new policy, but also indicates
the tools available to the United States to
help make it effective. The most important
of these tools would be the U.S. foreign
aid program.
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2342 1vc~ ~- i658 8000200230055-7FebruaiW 18-,
"A second requirement concerns a change marketplace is recognized ioc what it to. a installed In Cuba. These private explana-
in the criteria for granting `aid. Q.B. for- major pillar of free and prosperous societies. ttons came after the President had said
sign aid policy is a branch of `US, foreign. "EMILIO O. COLLADO, categorically in his press conference of Sep-
policy, which should be directed toward "Vice President and Director, tember 13 that "these new shipments do not
achieving specific foreign policy goals. By "Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. constitute a serious threat to any other part
and large it has not been effectively used for "DAVID Rocxcrmumm, of the hemisphere." Some 2 weeks later, on
this purpose; in Latin America. In Its rim- "President, October 3, the Under Secretary of State, Mr.
pleat terms, our goal in Latin America should "The Chase Manhattan Bank. Ball, gave to a congressional committee a
be to help nations of the area gfow ecosom- "WALTER B. WE.ISTON. summary of the intelligence information
ically while they ietatn Internal- political "Executive Vice President, which came from the CIA. The point of the
freedom, and thus remain part of the West- "First National City Bank" summary was that there were no offensive
ern cOnlmtlnity of nations. Without eco- weapons in Cuba,
nomic growth the other goals *111 be much But in fact there were. A week later, on
more difficult-if not impossible-to achieve. THE CUBAN QUESTION October 10. Senator KEATING insisted that
In order to get growth-which comes first (Mr. LINDSAY (at the request of Mr. there were intermediate range missiles in
both In time and in relation to goals In.. BRUCE) was given permission to extend Cuba, and 5 days later the President re-
volving redistribution of income-capital is ceived the photographs which confirmed the
needed. Most of this must come from In- his remarks at this point in the RECORD charge.
ternal sources. Thus,"foreign aid should be and to include extraneous matter.) This is how Senator KEATING won the right
Used as an inducement to nations to adopt Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, because to be listened to, and this is why the ad-
policies which will Improve the business cli- of its Importance I am today placing in ministration has now, belatedly, made the
mate and thereby increase domestic savings the RECORD a column by Walter Lipp- right move, which is to arrange for consulta-
and Investments. The United States should Mann entitled "On the Cuban Question tion and an exchange of information between
concentrate Its economic aid program In Today." In the column Mr. Lippmann senator HEATING and the CIA,
countries that show the greatest inc nation puts down his reasons for believing that This should put an end to the unseemly
to adopt measures to improve the Investment controversy about who is telling the truth
Climate, and withhold aid from others until our distinguished Colleague, the junior between a Senator of the United States and
satisfactory performance has been demon- Senator from New York, Senator BEAT- the President of the United States. But I am
stx'ated ING, has WOn the right tobe listened to. not sure it will repair altogether the dam-
"The extent to which this policy would Mr. L lppmann states in his article that age done to public confidence by the mis-
differ from the present one in'Latin America after too long a delay the administration leading Information given out InSeptember
can be seen by Indicating what it would not finally did what it should have done in and October. The administration may well
involve: which was to arrange have also to make a full explanation of what
the beginning, went wrong in September and early October.
"I.Unless there are overpowering. pollti- for consultation and an exchange of in- Examining the remarkable intelligence
C81 Considerations, the United States would formation between Senator KEATING and briefing by Mr. John Hughes of the Defense
not lend money or make greats in countries the CIA. Mr. Lippmann goes on and Department. I find myself quite convinced
which persist in policies which discourage states that no matter what the consulta- that our photographic intelligence is now re-
private investment. tion and exchange lead to he is not sure liable. But I am struck by the fact that
2. The 'United States would not groat it will repair altogether the damage there was a blank space in Mr. Hughes' tes-
balance-of-payments loans of the bail-out timony for the period from September 5 to
variety though it should cooperate with the done to public confidence by the mis- October 14.
IMF on constructive balance-of-payments leading information given out-by the Photographs taken on August 29 of the San
loans and stabilization programs. administration-in September and Octo- Cristobal area and on September 5 at Sagua
"0. The United States would not provide her. Is Grande show positively that no missile
foreign aid in such a way as to finance" the The administration may well have also to sites had been built. The next photograph re-
expropriation of privately owned companies make a. fullexplanation of what went wrong ferred to by Mr. Hughes Is that of October 14.
in any field of endeavor. In September and early October- It Bhowa intermediate range missile sites be-
"On the positive side, the United States ing erected. This is the photograph which
Would seek opportunities to get individual States Mr. Lippmann. precipitated the international crisis.
60=tries started toward rapid growth. As- Mr. Llppmann's article is timely and Where, we are bound to ask, was our pho-
sletan4e on a relatively large scale would be 1 commend It to the attention of the tographic intelligence between September 5
itioocusCd in a few countries that appeared Members of the $Olise and Senate: and October 14? That was when the ad-
miBt' likely to carry out measures heeded to ministration was telling the country that
Widesttaarreea of economic investments and freedom. establish the ON THE (By CUBAN Walter QUESTION Lippmann) TODAY there were no offensive weapons in Cuba.
wides This is the source of the Infection which will
"Nowhere In the whole broad range of cur- In the past week the administration has have to be removed if full confidence Is to be
seht economic problems is there one more fotle to extraordinary lengths to win the restored.
,compellingly significant for the United country's confidence In the reliability of its Having said this, I would say that there is
States than that of supporting the economic information about the military situation In no reason to doubt the thoroughness or the
social advance of our neighbors to the Cuba. Since the October confrontation there reliability of our photographic surveillance of
Can, of course, be no lack of confidence in Cuba and of the sea around it. The situation
` -
t are the President's courage and determination to Is extraordinary. We are depending on be-
tar nt persuaded ick that the most Im-
gOZ wta ay In which the United States can protect American interests once the facts of ing able to fly daily photographic reconnais-
helpais by exporting the ideas implicit in a 3 threat are established. sance planes at high and low altitude. In
free -economy. Certaitlly. money or goods The crisis of confidence originates in what Cuba there are a large number of the latest
alone will not do the job. Free enterprise Is happened in the 8 weeks before the October antiaircraft weapons manned by Soviet
the. basii,of our own growth, and it provided confrontation. During the month of Sep- soldiers.
Zframework, _ on, which our social and tember and into October the administration We may say, how come? Up to the pres-
political institutions. imperfect as they still wsa insisting that the Soviet Union bad not ent-knock on wood-the Soviet antiaircraft
W. have evolved, We feel certain that free brought offensive weapons into Cuba. Sen- gunners are not attacking our reconnaissance
can be the basis of growth in Latin Stor KEATING was Insisting that they had. planes. They must be under orders from
Amer ca-indeed, that there Is no known When he was found to have been right, there Moscow where it is well known that if the
alternative that still permits a substantial oocnrred a loss of confidence in the admin- planes were attacked there would be an im-
measure of Individual freedom. letration's intelligence services which It Is mediate reprisal.
"We also believe, however, that to en- still struggling to repair. But where does this leave us? It leaves us
courage such an evolution in Latin America With others, I have had firsthand expert- with a fragile revised version of the original
the United States must change its role- enee Which enables me to understand how Khrushchev-Kennedy agreement. In the key
from one that emphasizes abort run difficult It Is to restore confidence once It letter of October 27. President Kennedy ac-
econDm11c palliatives combined with recom- has been shaken. On two occasions it was cepted the following terms of settlement:
mendations for sweeping social and economic explained to me by high officials how re- The U.S.S.R. would remove offensive weapon
reforms to one that places the greatest liable was our photographic surveillance of systems under United Nations observation
emphasis on the longer-ruri goals of crest- the island, and how certainly we could de- and supervision. When this was done, the
tog an environment In which freedom of the tect the exact nature of the weapons being United States would end the quarantine and
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 Approved Fa-"-')f f]P~ ?38000200230055-7
Would give assurances against an invasion of is entitled to the highest honor in his pro- often opportunities lost, particularly in
Cuba: ale I s rpmo e p} }lee fesston." _ _ _ - _ safeguarding our natural resources."
aiitt the Uni#e , to #A oa g eq t - Llnc~?ll} C ity may well be proud of the The legislation I am presenting today
quafantineutaaro wa d not permit _ man who has served them so well for the
past 19 years. Is afar-reaching proposal which pro-
Unitgd ltatifl ipD. ,,
and conse uent> th 'tYni ed tee wou d ` Mr.
y hove was porn in South .Dakota and vides for today's recreation needs while
give no assurances against Invasion reared in Eowa, He attended Iowa, State anticipating those of the near future.
What we klavnow eubsitute jar? the. Teachers College and Iowa State College, While the bill is fundamentally the same
original agreement We are able to carry on earning his bachelor of arts degree from as the one submitted last year, the new
photographic reconnaissance without inter- _ e teacj ers -ollege in 1924. During World
version authorizes a program for 50 per-
ent m
t
hin
t
th
St
t
t
f
a
c
g gran
o
e
a
es
s
or
nti- Cu ps is ,getting, in neU76
A a u guar- e new waster silitor-publisher came to c
antee against invasions a liullaup of its de- Idaho in 1325_ to serve as superintendent of planning, and 30-percent grants for
ferisive capabill$ies Both Moscow arid schools at k'airfield
a post he held for 2 acquisition and development of needed
,
. Washington know that this strange working years. He coached athletics at Hailey for a outdoor recreation resources. The
airaigeiiiefit cannot be upset deliberately year, and was an instructor in the Wendell States will share the funds available in
without bringing on a much mightier con- so11oo1#or.. years before leaving the teach- the following manner: one-fifth divided.
,
frantation than that of cast October i g profession because of physical disability. equally, three-fifths apportioned on
e married 1 elen Sluey of Wendell at
,the basis of population, and one-fifth
t G i6hf1eid "in 1929 The couple have two allocated according to need.
CLOSE REJTI' .TvT , children, a son, John, -employed
by Ball
RBP E iJ t, ANDPIATLISH Products Co. of Boulder, Colo., and a daugh- In order for a State to qualify for as-
ter, M'rs. J idl`th Aiiraiiam, a student at Kan- `sistance, it must have a comprehensive
OF WEhI~LY PAPERS as City Art Institute. statewide outdoor recreation plan, and
(Mr I ARPZ TG (at the r
erjuest of Mr From _19,83 to 1944 Mr. Love was assessor the States are eligible to receive assist-
1OWONpSON was givenpermission to ex- of Qooding County, resigning in his sixth ante in the preparation of such a plan
tense hiS rexAlarS thifi ,pOirit in thQ?, term to assume ownership of the Lincoln and for the. training of necessary per-
RgcORn and,to }n~ly e e traneoysrxnat- County Journal. sonnel. Also, in anticipation of escalat-
the Gooding Independent in
ter.) 1936 Be "founded and owned the paper until 1940, at ing prices for the future acquisition of
1VIr, ASR JNG. Mr. Speaker one Of , which time it was sold and merged with the land for recreational purposes, the bill
the privileges of serving a congressional Gooding Leader. He is a charter member limits expenditures for State develop-
district In ,the, Nation's Capital isythe of the Gooding Lions Club and served as its merit work for the next 10 years to 10
Close I hip that a Coligressinan president just before coming to Shoshone. percent of the funds available for State
has with the?publishers of weekly papers Mr. Love,, was commander of the Shoshone, assistance. The funds provided by this
in, his district, M American Legion Post in 1949, and was bill will also be available for acquisition
wring the past ,couple of years_I have effected district commander in .1950. He is" of land and water which is authorized
come to now acid to adn);irethe publish- also a past president of the Shoshone Cham-
ber of Commerce and the Shoshone Rotary for areas of the national park system
ex of a small newspaper in Shoshone
Clb
,u. From 1955 to 1959 he served on the
Ida6 o-I3erb,Love, Shoshone City Council.
This man can best, be describe by the -Mr. Love purchased the Journal from
inscription on a plaque_yreCently_ pre- Glen Maxwell_in_May of 1944 and operated
Rented t0 i7lmy the Idaho Press Asso the paper for almost 19 years.
ci t.t n v l}lo}1 estoxre 1p9n h the He was president of the Idaho Press Also-
IViaster dl or Fub lsher Awl~rd,whicll iS elation in 1948, and was a director of the
the highest honor the weekly press can Idaho Newspaper Advertising Service for two
bestow ?k~onone of its members. terms before being elected president of that
The inscription reads: organization.
11 thought soundly influenced wisely, and is
entitled to the highest honor in his pro-
.Mr. Speaker I would like to,incluSi
at this point -in, the -RECORD the , ao o_ul}t.
of the awaj'ding of , this honor toverb
Love as it Js reported fn the , Lincoln
County Journal of January 17. 1963.
shone, but plan an extended trip through
Colorado, Texas, and Florida this winter.
GENERAL EXCELLENCE
The Lincoln County Journal was awarded
first place for general excellence in its circu-
latlpn, hxac}cet_.at the press association's an-
nual convention in Boise last weekend.
The Journal has now won the top award
!'his excel1Qi o}il'lty paper j4 now for 4 years in succession.
tieing published by a young and -crier- Contest judges were publishers and press
association managers in Arizona, Montana,
getic newspaperman, John, George, who Nevada, and Washington.
gives every indication of? also ,becoiiing
one of f,daho outstanding weekly pub-
llehers A BILL TO ESTABLISH A LAND AND
The above-xne Honed folio4vs WATER CONSERVATION FUND
inA11e's Hzcz~ssr,
pJ~pA rn Reis g$ wgspsn (Mr. ST. GERMAIN (at the request of
The highest honor that the. Idaho .,Prp55 1Vli'. LDMONDSON) was given permission to
Association pan, 1?esxow,on,one,or,its,imem- efttend his remarks at this point in the
ber'g,' the Master Editor-Publisher; Awerd, RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
was " presented to herb H.. Love, Saturday ter.)
night. The award crowns . a? journalistic Mr. ST. GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, the
career or 23 years measure I am introducing today, a bill
)~dj hie azt p el skiers throughout Idaho, ~ to establish a land and water conser-
as
asselitble at hotel 1, e , nai gluet at vation fund, embodies the administra-
" the conc~lusiou or ttleir ,kln?~l]3R1 _ mi=sting.
vigorously applauded, their approval when tion's program to further provide for the
the name of hy r a1} ~p s3a noua ced, outdoor recreation needs of the Nation.
Mr. Lover sus up thg devotion arid _ l xlt _ adequate to meet current demands. It
he has given to journalism in these words; is his view and mine that we must take
has woxked lie lived honOral?ly, positive action now, for as he wisely
thought soundly, influenced unselfish1y
t7 3, and points out, "actions deferred are all too
of the Interior for outdoor recreation
purposes; the national forest system;
purposes of national areas for the pres-
ervation of species of fish or wildlife
threatened with-extinction; and inciden-
tal recreation purposes in connection
with national fish and wildlife conserva-
tion areas as authorized by law.
Revenue sources provided-by the bill
include proceeds from entrance, admis-
sion, and other recreation user fees or
.ctiit7fe_s_established by the President for
Federal land and water areas; proceeds
from the sale of Federal surplus real
property; and the proceeds of the 4-
cent-per-gallon tax on gasoline and
special motor fuels used in motorboats.
While the Treasury will hold a portion
of these revenues for acquisition of addi-
tional lands at Federal and federally as-
sisted projects, the greater portion would
be used to help finance State and Federal
programs,
For the purpose of assiuring the financ-
ing of the program when the States are
prepared for full participation, advance
appropriations of $60 million a year for
8 years are authorized beginning with
the third year, with provision for repay-
ment from one-half of the revenues
available to the fund. The fund will be
used in the proportion of 60 percent for
State purposes and 40 percent either way
depending on need.
This measure is in complete accord
with the recommendations of the Out-
door Recreation Resources Review Com-
mission. It is fiscally sound and for-
ward looking. I am hopeful, Mr.
Speaker, that it will receive favorable ac-
tion _ at this session of Congress and that
the country will be able to realize its
benefits in the neat,future.
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 Approved For i $MISM U:F P6'5BM 2000200230055-7Februur 18
THE LATE HONORABLE ROB R.T PANAMA CANAL PROCRASMATIOX The failure on the part of elements .
-us
t.
t
f State t
t
the de
-
Depar
en
o
o s
op
p
CA I ~"` """?"`~"" relations of isthmian agitators by means
Odr. TAYLOR (at the request of 'Mr. iMr.' FLOOD (at the ' request ' of Mr. of forthright declarations of U.S. policy,
VX01msON) was given permission to Lr6xo T 6K) was given permission to in the course of time, has led to a chain
elitend his remarks at this point In the extend his remarks at this point in the of diplomatic victories by Panama, mak-
RMtr and to include extraneous Rzcoan and to include extraneous Ing the United States a laughing stock
'.teen) matter.) in the Western Hemisphere. So confi-
,11Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, citizens Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, it has been dent did anti-U.S. extremists become
North Carolina and people across the aptly stated that the history of the Pan- that the Panamanian National Assembly
Nation were saddened last Wednesday 'amt Canal Is one of continuing crises. encircle the Canal
the death of former U.S. Senator Those of key character concern the even gone attempted
enacting to lee encircle he Canal
Robert Rice Reynolds at his home in best site and the best type, known as the the 3-mby ation
ile limit to 12 miles, with Panama
*Ina 1n the U.S. Senate from 1933 until appears periodically, and since 1947 the made that waterway another Berlin.
.bis retirement from the Senate In 1-945. question of the proper modernization of This attempt, our C overru another
very
$e ranks among the most colorful and the Panama Canal has been beset with promptly and properly refused to recog-
Controversial figures in American pollti- repetitions of these old controversies In nize, but friction resulted.
C l 1i1story. He stormed Washington slightly modified forms. The radical leadership in the Panama
with a grandeur perhaps never to be Over a period of years, a number of National Assembly, which includes some
$npitcated. He was different and Blain- Members of the Congress, several In the Marxist-Leninists, obviously understood
kus. and those about him quickly House but only one In the Senate, who the significance of my researches in the
sized it. have made serious studies of the canal exposure of their schemes and did not
- e4 aps no other U.S. Senator brought question and recognized Its magnitude, stop the attempted encirclement of
- with
# Washington such a wide variety of have introduced bills to create the Inter- the Canal Zone. It followed up by giving
experience as did Robert R. Reynolds. oceanic Canals Commission. In so do- me the unique distinction of being for-
He bad been a professional wrestler, a ing, It was their purpose to provide an malty declared as public enemy No. 1 of
; tkait coach, a war correspondent, an effective agency to develop a timely, deft- Panama.
utttbor, an actor, a motion-picture pro- rite, and wisely reasoned isthmian canal The situation on the isthmus was wor-
diiCer. and 'a criminal lawyer. He loved policy, which the Congress and the Na- erred on Stion on the 17, 1960, when the
he
fFS~tdnor, life and his earliest political Lion can accept and which time and usage President of the United States, in a t
:paigns were conducted traveling by will justify. taken gesture of friendship, by an Exec-
d irsc In the North Carolina mountains. Unfortunately, this task has been utive order soon after the adjournment
HIS appearance in the 1Pation's Capital complicated immeasurably by the ratifi- of the Congress, directed the formal dis-
1oU9wed his famous campaign of 1932 cation In 1955 of a secretly contrived
ited State.. play of the Panamanian flag outside the
-_?_, t___t_:
n
T
betwee
the Un
1 fie. of the largest in North C~aroitna's Despite the Inherent differences between zone. This unfortunate precedent of
He arrived in Washington In the juridical foundations-of the two in-
gry
m the Canal
ican fla
th
Am
iki
t
.
er
g
r
ng
e
s
:998 ."rusty and trusty" 'Ford and-allowed teroceanic canals, this action by Egypt Zone, as predicted by me on the floor of
$ citation in driving it to White served to evoke a chain of aggressive na- the House, merely served to open the
Rouse teas and other black'Ue occasions. tionallitic and communistic revolution- door, for in Panama and elsewhere, the
nce led b
b
b
,.vle
y mo
, stated that he had taken his Ianniut o their marked
y United States recognition of Pana-
to the ,Capital and parked it be- well-trained leaders. The long-range manian sovereignty.
two _as in a million. -dollar objectives of this revolutionary move-
. In this connection, Mr. Speaker, I
r . ,.4?--
t