PART 8: LET'S KEEP THE RECORD STRAIGHT - A SELECTED CHRONOLOGY OF CUBA AND CASTRO (NOVEMBER 21-DECEMBER 15, 1962)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230038-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 38
• Publication Date: February 4, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

A
tOIVGRESSICSNAL RECORD -APPENDIX a 'r r
of its Guantanamo Naval lase; o6 Cuba),
uehchev called"them"just demands in
keeping with the elementary rights of every
Verign stale ?`
9,hrushchev noted that Russia had with-
drawn its rockets and bombers from*Cuba.
oyr, he said, it was time for President
8enn~bdy to guarantee noninvasion of the
island
Phdh a i U09, pledges be broken, he said, it
ar >-
VV9`uld have afar-reaching effect in destroy-
ing Soviet confidence in the word of the
x7nited States
ire said the main result of recent Soviet
#Siei~n policy was' that an attack on Cuba
"prepared -by aggressive militarist circles of
the United States was averted."
9iWorld "public opinion warinIy greeted "the
ctory.of the policy of commonsenge."
e 4aid FLussian rockets were sent to Cuba
9xil so thafthe'UnitedStates could see "the
redanger'of thermonuclear war.
We were sure`thatthis would bring them
fgf{heir senses he'said.
l lri. shchev ridiculed contentions that
Russia hacf chosen `Cuba as a jump-off site for
vat against the '[felted` States and said this
was "malicious .fabrication."
td11ail, we wanted to start war "against the
United States we would not have agreed to
di>3mantt_e the rockets installed in Cuba
.Which were ready for launching for action.
,We yvould ITave brought them into play. We
not do that "because we had no such
aims he said
Des sinner 12, 1992.
Drpsicten Kennedy Indicated yesterday
that there has-been 'toomuch speculation
crisis arid. ppointedly declared that the matter
. ebould 'be ,eft to historians.
A the same 'time; the President stressed
tilat positrons taken `in the Cuban crisis Ire-
due IKfIy changed -during the discussions as
the National Security Council examined al-
ternatives and the possible -repercussions.
-but, he added in a discussion of the matter
4t _his press conference, the final judgment
Was always made by him as President.
Iecember 13, 112:
Under Secretary of State George W. Ball
said` today the world maybe entering a period
of "profound political change" in which both
the hazards' and possibilities of peace would
. be jncreased.
Ball said recent events in Cuba and other
trends suggest that we may be passing from
i "period of rigidity in world politics into an
'era of great mobility and maneuver.
B'all' "said President Kennedy s quarantine
q uba to be only the first' move in a
obmpiicated strategy. But Soviet Premier
iciktta S. Khrushchev's decision to remove
his missiles made the rest of the strategy
-unnecessary, Ball`said.
December is 190-
A firmness alitl fiexibilify' in han-
filing the Chbari crisis have transmrmed the
Spirit of the Western Alliance, members of
Council acknowledged
therNAT Ministerial
- to one another today
_:,German iroreign " Ministei Gerhard
Schroeder, aptly summed up the feelings of
malt' others when he said that Cuba had
$hown that the United States was prepared
to run the necessary risks-to"safeguard mu-
tua1 Interests
As"a r suit of:the Cuban experience, see-
, of tale Dean Rusk told the 15-nation
I4ATQ Council, there is a sense of anticipa-
tion among the Allies that the opportunity
for, new initiafives may be opening up.
l' evertheless, he said, it would t e danger-
Du-s1a to tliiink that the 'Cuban developments
have mate' the situation in Berlin any more
tayorable, The Russians still reject any no-
tlon,of continued Western presence in Berlin.
-,actually the Cuban crisis Is not yet over,
:Rusk pointed out. The United States is rea-
eorlably confident that all Soviet missiles and
IL-2G bombers have left Cuba, but cannot
be entirely sure.
A non-American source said Rusk told the
Council that 10,000 to 12,000 Soviet troops
remain in Cuba in four distinct combat
units. These are not instructors or a mili-
tary assistance group but definite military
units, the source said.
In addition, Rusk asserted, Russian sur-
face-to-air missiles are still in Cuba, despite
Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev's indi-
cations that all would be removed.
Although the United States has no desire
to invade Cuba, Rusk reiterated, it cannot
be in the position of giving assurance above
its treaty commitments in the Western
Hemisphere or of sanctioning interference by
the Castro government with neighboring
countries.
December 15, 1962:
North Atlantic Alliance countries today
wound up their 3-day fall ministerial meet-
ing with a tribute to the American stand on
Cuba and a concession to appeals for
strengthening 'conventional military forces.
Soviet action in secretly stationing nuclear
missiles in Cuba had brought the world to
the verge of war, the final communique
said, but the peril was averted by the firm-
ness and restrain of the United States, sup-
ported by the alliance and other free nations.
December 15, 1962:
Red China, asserting unshakable belief in
its brand of communism, issued a manifesto
today accusing the Soviet bloc of attempt-
ing to split the Communist world.
And while chiding Moscow over its role In
the Cuban episode, the 6,500-word Peking
policy statement proposed a meeting of all
the world's Communist parties to attempt
to heal the Chinese-Soviet rupture.
The Chinese stand was published in the
Peiping People's Daily, official organ of the
Chinese Communist Party.
In backing down on Cuba, the Soviet Union
was "scared out its wits" in the face of nu-
clear strength, Peiping said.
"We neither requested the introduction of
nuclear weapons into Cuba, nor obstructed
the withdrawal of 'offensive weapons' from
that country," the People's Daily said. "For
us, therefore, there is no question whatsoever
of 'adventurism,' still less of 'plunging the
whole world into a thermonuclear war.' "
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ESTES KEFAUVER
- OF TENNESSEE
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Wednesday, February 6, 1963
The sharp'upward trend in the a ger
movement has been highlighted in a staff
report recently issued under the direc-
tion of the able Congressman and my
good friend, the Honorable WRIGHT PAT-
MAN, of Texas. That report, entitled
"Mergers and Superconcentration," re-
views the merger movement in recent
years since the passage of the Celler-
Kefauver Act, and is required reading
for anyone concerned with the monopoly
problem.
The Washington World of December 7,
1962, published a debate between the
gentleman from Texas [Mr. PATMANI and
Dr. Chares T. Stewart, the gentleman
from Texas [Mr. PATMANI contending
that big mergers are snuffing out Ameri-
can small businessmen and Dr. Stewart
taking the opposite position. Dr. Stew-
art is the director of economic research
of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
I have carefully studied the gentleman
from Texas [Mr. PATMAN'SI report on
"Mergers and Superconcentration."
This document is mentioned in the
Washington World article, along with a
report entitled "Concentration Ratios in
Manuafacturing Industry, 1958," recently
issued by the Senate Subcommittee on
Antitrust and Monopoly, of which I am
chairman.
Dr. Stewart's argument to the con-
trary notwithstanding, it is my opinion
that these two documents are full of
objective evidence of the dangers to
small business posed by the merger
movement. In any event, I am surprised
to see the representative of the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce taking the posi-
tion that recent increases in concentra-
tion represent merely a shake-out of
small business and a return5to normal.
Moreover, I am amazed that such a rep-
resentative would take the cavalier posi-
tion that many small firms which re-
main must make the invidious choice of
merge or fill.
Dr. Stewart has no factual basis for
intimating that mergers are motivated
by technological factors. The fact is
that most mergers are motivated by
power and profit, and small business is
the victim.
I ask unanimous consent that the arti-
cle in the Washington World previously
referred to be printed in the Appendix
of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
U.S. SMALL BUSINESSMEN: ARE BIG MERGERS
SNUFFING THEM OUT?
Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, one
of the greatest threats to our free enter-
prise system is the tremendous merger
movement which has affected practical-
ly every industry in the Nation.
The early 'development of this merger
movement first came to my attention at
the end of World War II. At that time
I was a Member of the House of Repre-
sentatives and served on the House
Small Business Committee.
Those of us who worked to plug the
gaping loophole in section 7 of the Clay-
ton Act through passage of the Celler-
Kefauver Act of 1950, hoped that this
legislation would hold the merger move-
ment in check. Although the antitrust
agencies have been given more effective
statutes, the merger movement nonethe-
less has continued to gather force.
(NOTE.-Representative WRIGHT PATMAN,
Democrat, of Texas, is chairman of the House
Select Committee on Small Business, which
recently released a study of business acquisi-
tions of the Nation's 500 largest industrial
firms and 50 largest merchandising compan-
ies. A Member of the House since 1928, he
is chairman of the Joint Economic Com-
mittee and vice chairman of the Joint De-
fense Production Committee.)
YES
(By Hon. WRIGHT PATMAN, of Texas)
America Is at the crossroads. It must face
up to the alternative paths lying ahead.
Will it follow the road to monopoly and ever-
increasing concentration of economic power?
Or will it take the other alternative-the
hard and rocky road to a restoration of
competitive free enterprise, with the preser-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A563
pating in the blockade of Cuba return to
their ports. The U.S. Defense Department
orders the release from active duty of 14,200
Air Force reservists called to active duty
during the Cuban crisis, cancels involuntary
duty extensions of Navy and Marine Corps
personnel, and ends the special alert of the
Strategic Air Command.
November 24, 1962: Castro Government be-
gins demobilization of militia units called to
arms on October 22.
November 26, 1962: Cuban Government
newspaper Revolucion reports that Cuba will
permit UN investigators to verify the re-
movial of Soviet missiles from Cuba if the
United States will agree to D.N. supervision
of the dismantling of "training camps of
mercenaries, spies, saboteurs and terrorists"
allegedly set up as anti-Castro bases on U.S.
coll.
Soviet First Deputy Premier Anastss I.
Mikoyan leaves Cuba and returns to New
York.
November 28, 1982: The Cuban situation
was discussed by Secretary of State Dean
Rusk on a television program tonight. He
warned that. although negotiations here and
in Washington had eased the Cuban crisis,
Americans must not draw too many conclu-
sions about a relaxation of world tensions.
"We were deeply gratified to see the im-
mediate unification of the (Western j hemi-
sphere with unanimity on the nature of this
threat and the necessity that it be removed,"
Mr. Rusk said in reference to the Soviet
introduction of missiles and other offensive
weapons into Cuba and their subsequent
withdrawal. "Had there been disunity and
had we fallen to quarreling among ourselves,
I think the results might have been quite
different."
He said of the easing of the Cuban crisis:
"I think it gives us all some confidence for
the future."
However, he added: "I don't want to mis-
lead you on that because we have cautioned
our friends from drawing too many conclu-
sions from the Cuban experience. The Soviet
Union remains a great power. There were
special circumstances In Cuba which are not
necessarily present In other parts of the
world,"
November 29, 1982: President Kennedy and
Anastas I. Mikoyan, a Soviet First Deputy
Premier, met for 3 hours and 15 minutes
today in an apparently inconclusive con-
ference on Cuba and some other cold-war
Issues.
Both the White House and Mr. Mikoyan
announced after the meeting that an agree-
ment had been reached to continue at the
United Nations the United States-Soviet
negotiations on the Cuban situation. .
November 30, 1962: A luncheon conference
In Washington between Anastas I. Mikoyan
and Secretary of State Rusk covered a wide
range of issues. There was no sign of any
change In Soviet and United States positions.
December 1, 1962: Anastas I. Mikoyan left
Washington for Moscow, affirming the good-
will of the United States and pledging that
the same "will be evinced by us." The Soviet
leader expressed optimism on a settlement on
Cuba and future Soviet-United States rela-
tions, but American officials were more
reserved.
December S. 1962: Secretary General Thant
voiced hope that the "spirit of compromise"
in United States-Soviet negotiations on
Cuba would be extended to other outstand-
ing problems. The United Nations leader
cited Berlin as an issue on which compro-
mise might be imperative and added that
the West did not seem to grasp the full sig-
nificance of "an obvious change" In the
Soviet political mood.
December 3, 1962: Washington announced
yesterday that Soviet jet bombers were being
Khruahchev's pledge to President Kennedy.
The Pentagon said patrol planes had spotted
the Russian freighter Okhotsk sailing from
Ottba with at least three dismantled flyu-
ahta-,Ws on deck, while other jets were
being crated at a Cuban airbaae.
December 6, 1962: President Kennedy
sought yesterday to end speculation that
Adlal B. Stevenson would be replaced as
U.S. representative to the United Na-
tions. In a letter to Mr. Stevenson, the
President expressed his "fullest confidence"
In him and voiced deep regret over a con-
troversial magazine article implying that Mr.
Stevenson had advocated a "soft" line toward
Moscow in the Cuban crisis. Mr. Stevenson
termed the article "wrong in literally every
detail."
December 5, 1062: The economic plight of
Cuba was reflected in a Government decree
nationalizing most shops dealing in cloth-
Ing, shoes, and hardwnre. The move was re-
garded as a first step toward rationing. Many
of the stores were painted with the word
"nationalized"-and a hammer and sickle.
December 6, 1962:
U.S. Navy planes have verified that 42
Soviet jet bombers are being transported
home from Cuba aboard 8 ships, Coincident
with this Pentagon announcement yesterday
was a report from anti-Castro sources in
Havana that Soviet troops were apparently
bolstering Cuba's defenses. The report,
dated November 29, said that many Soviet
troop unite were building underground forti-
fications and airfields throughout the island.
December 7.1982:
U.S. analysts expressed doubts today that
Cuban negotiators would be able to obtain
sufficient Soviet-bloc aid to overcome Cuba's
worsening economic difficulties.
This view was held despise the contention
by Carlos Rafael Rodrigues, head of the 16-
man economic mission that flew to Moscow
Wednesday, that In 1983 Cuban-Soviet trade
would exceed this year's total.
U.S. specialists believe the Soviet bloc may
lack both the capacity and the desire to raise
again at this time the now of aid and of
subsidized trade that has been reaching Cuba
In recent years.
December 8, 2962:
Wine thousand marines quit Caribbean.
k Marine brigade of about 0,000 men is on
Its way back to California after service in the
Caribbean area during the Cuban crisis, the
corps announced Friday.
This was the first official disclosure of the
else of the Marine force sent to the Carib-
bean and to the Guantanamo Naval Base in
late October, when the United States was
building up its military power to cope with
a missile threat from Cuba.
December 9,1962:
Adial E. Stevenson sought to draw the
final curtain yesterday on the Adlal affair.
"There has been too much talk. I think,
already, and much of It wholly uninformed,"
said the United Nations Ambassador of the
furor created by a Saturday Evening Post
article last week suggesting that Stevenson
favored a softer policy on Cuba than Presi-
dent Kennedy adopted.
"The important thing," Stevenson said
yesterday, "is that the Soviet Union has re-
moved the nuclear weapons and the bombers
from Cuba without us firing a shot or- seri-
ously risking world war and without cost to
the United States.
"I think that President Kennedy's firm-
ness and prudence have been richly re-
warded, and I am proud to have had a part
in the formulation of his policy and In its
execution."
Stevenson continued: "The Important
thing, it seems to me now, is to conclude
this transaction with the Soviet Union and
to move on to further negotiations with them
about the many other problems and conflicts
that embarrass our relations and the security
of the world."
He said the United Nations throughout the
Cuban affair, "performed in the classic man-
ner in which it was intended to perform."
"It provided a forum for the parties to
expose their grievances. It afforded a means
of marshaling world opinion. And it pro-
vided an opportunity to the United Nations,
to the Secretary General, to offer mediation
and conciliation."
December 10, 1962:
The United States is about ready to close
the book on the Cuban crisis and open the
way for possible talks with the Soviet Union
on other world issues, Secretary of State Dean
Rusk made clear yesterday.
The one remaining obstacle, Rusk indi-
cated at his first press conference in 5
months, is the continuing presence in Cuba
of Soviet military forces. The Secretary re-
called President Kennedy's statement that
the Soviets had promised that at least some
of these forces would be withdrawn. Rusk
added:
"Certainly we in this hemisphere could not
accept as a normal situation any Soviet mili-
tary presence in Cuba."
Rusk said there are several thousand troops
still in Cuba. adding that "the numbers are
significant but not large. Their role there
Is something that Is of great concern to us
and something we will follow very carefully."
Rusk called the failure of the Soviet Union
to provide In Cuba the verification of mis-
sile removal which Soviet Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev had promised the President "a
very serious deficiency." But he made It evi-
dent the United States was not going to push
any further on this. The United States in-
tends to continue aerial reconnaissance over
Cuba and is prepared to shoot back if any of
Its planes are shot at, it was learned else-
where.
December 11, 1962:
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev today
rebuked Communist China for its criticism
of Russian handling of the Cuban crisis in
the most direct Russian comment so far on
the ideological rift between the two coun-
tries.
In a 2-hour and 48-minute televised ad-
dress to the final session to the Supreme So-
viet (Parliament), Khrushchev said the "so-
called Marxist-Leninists" who criticized his
Cuba policies were trying to get the United
States and Russia at each other's throats and
provoke a world war.
He said those who call imperialism a
"paper tiger" should remember that "the
paper tiger has nuclear teeth."
It may still use them and should not be
treated lightly. Therefore, in relations with
imperialist countries, compromises are pos-
sible.
He said that if Russia listened to "ultra-
revolutionary shouters" during the Cuban
crisis the world would have been plunged
into a thermonuclear war.
The Soviet leader raid the time had come
for ending the crisis through negotiations.
.In what way have we retreated?" he
asked. "Socialist Cuba exists. Cuba re-
mains a beacon of Marxist-Leninist Ideas in
the Western Hemisphere. The impact of her
revolutionary example will grow. The Gov-
ernment of the United States has given a
pledge not to Invade Cuba. The threat of
thermonuclear war has been averted. Is this
a retreat?"
Khrushchev pledged himself to fulfill So-
viet commitments in the Cuba settlement
"so long as the other side stands by this
understanding." Then he added:
"But if the commitments assumed are not
observed by the other- side, we shall be com-
pelled to take such action as may be required
by the situation."
Referring to Cuban Premier Fidel Castro's
five demands (which include U,5. evacua-
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l0
Now Frontiers for the Old West
r
an su
to change cropping systems and land use and e m us ness m n s a pp
HON. MAURINE B. I DB RG R to develop soil. water. forest. wildlife. and some of the funds to build the mill. The
oI Help under long-term agreements with USDA with, those 'available from the Government.
>,.
lied
Th S l l 8 i Ad 44 t
ti
IN ' , p coming out of the conservation reserve will the plant to buy needed electrical equip-
- it
me
d d t t nt
l
ibl
f
th
l
'l3. Mr. President, with local public bodies up to half the cost already is putting additional resources into
-,Mrs. VTJl3 h f f S nd s Count On Lolo and Kaniksu Na-
a er
d
i
an use a jus men
ig
e
or
e new
n- be e
""Orednesday, February 6, i9 3 program. The act authorizes USDA to share The new accelerated public works program
s-o -way or
of land, easements, an
r g
J.
0H December 196 Elie National_As- small watershed projects to be dedicated to tional Forests, new projects have been
sooiation 9f .Counties eld a grazing, public recreation. started to construct roads and trails and
?'ter, and revenue conference in Las Earlier this week we announced the first improve timber stands. More than 3,000
Vegas, ' Y v. This meeting brought to- pilot program to develop the most effective man-days of work will result from these
ether o Cials representing county units techniques for converting land on which public works projects. And these national
of government ihroil hout the western crops are now grown to other uses-grazing, forests will become even greater assets to the
_gegiun to discuss improved programs'arid "timber, recreation and others. This is in county. I'm told that the national forests
line with our philosophy that the land re- last year returned nearly $100,000 to the
sllcies for use of our natural resources. sources of rural America should be used county's treasury-money which supports
The concluding banquet address at and not lay idle. schools and roads.
the conferenee.was delivefedh?y the Ion- It gives new authority for FHA loans for To illustrate the importance of credit to
orable Orville l reeman Secretary ofnAg outdoor recreational enterprises at a time development of- a county, I cite Roosevelt
`:I'tculture Heoifered a proposed I'evolu- when the Department was getting thousands County, N. Mex.
tion for western oountles Through for- of inquiries about such enterprises. The In 1940, only 5.6 percent of the county's
ward-looking pro11 posals, secretary Free- large number of requests for information farmers owned their farms. By 1960, the
all suste me#hods b which we about the opportunities for family farms number of owners had increased to 71 per-
y and groups of farmers under this program cent of all farmers.
::could renew an revitalize development reflect a high degree of interest-and it en- Loans from the Department's Farmers
rural areas, ask consent that a por- courages us greatly; Hoe Administration were a major factor in
Lion of the text of $ecretary Freeman's The Congress also took other actions this this- rise. FHA has loaned $1,750,000 to 150
aiidress be primed in the Appendix of year which will benefit the rural develop- county families to become faxmowners.
the RECORD. went program. It appropriated increased FHA has also advanced $2,500,000 to farm-
there being no objection, the address funds for credit through FHA and REA, and ers in the county for operating expenses. It
w~ ordered to be printed in the RECORD, it also increased funds for research on new has aided nearly 100 rural families to build
uses and new processes for-farm commodities. new homes and farm service buildings
Mstollow's: Through the Manpower Development and You county officials, who struggle day in
F+xcERPvs pF ADDRESS BY HON. ORVILLE I'yREE- Training Act, persons living in rural areas and day out with. local financial problems,
Mn}e, SECRETARY or AGRICULTURE can obtain assistance in learning new skills know what this ew capital has meant to
want to challenge you to help rural which can open doors to new opportunities the people of Roosevelt County.
;America. for employment either in their home com- And the effect goes far beyond the county.
the past Z years we have made sound inunity or other areas. It is like a pebble dropped in a still pond.
``In
'progress in bringing rural areas development The urgent task is to inform the people. It provides additional markets that help to
from a, vague concept to a specific and de The recent series of land and people con- buoy the urban economy. This is extremely
tailed program which can bring new eco- ferences which some of you.may have at- Important, for we are an interdependent
-libi'nio opportunity to rural America. We --tended was an important first step but more people-rural, suburban, and urban. Re-
have both recognized -and taken vigorous "weeds to be done. We need to take vigorous vitalization of the countryside will be
-action to meet the problem of under action to awaken local interest in rural areas speeded by a strong and vigorously growing
dedeveloPment, to help rural residents organize urban economy with the means to buy the
veloped areas aTn our own country. And
I say'underdeveloped"advisedly, for there are local programs, and then help them draw goods and services, including outdoor rec-
','rmauy areas in our own country which lag on the technical competence and rural credit reation, produced in' rural areas.
-far behind-the'rest of the Nation. These -facilities of the Department of Agriculture. A second task that we see developing is the
areassdesperately, need economic and tech- The measure of our success will be deter- great need for technical and financial assist-
nicalpssistance,_. mined by the response of people in the local once to help local groups of citizens orga-
-l ow this administration has begun to de- community. nize and begin drawing plans for overall
vlop ways to get our own underdeveloped Too many people do not yet know of the economic development. This work is pres-
areas Ynoving ahead as well as those in other going programs-people who stand to benefit ently being carried out through the Exten-
nations. The aeons we, have takenshould most from supervised farm credit, from sion Service and the technical action pan-
have been takenlong ago, low-cost loans for rural homes, and frbm els, but we already find ourselves being
pooling their. resources in cooperatives or swamped in some areas.
$omeof it has iieen _.d taminkenistretive action
which co - -11 have been ,.community development corporations. It would be of great assistance if local
-will any time the plea of rural growth today government bodies could provide financial
O the- to act, was, there Other steps involve There are exam where local initiative, combined with finan-
legislative action which could and should and technical aid to supplement the work
cial and technical assistance from the De- -now being done by the technical action
11avg 1?eep requested years ago, partment, has produced new jobs and new panels. These men are not specifically
the single most significant advance in opportunities. trained for development planning, and they
-rural , areas devlopment came with the en- Sanders County, Mont., is such an example. also have normal workloads to carry in addi-
aetment of the Agricultural Act of 1662. For years, many farmers there had been tion to these new assignments.
It provides authority to initiate rural ry
e- hard presed to make a living from dairying, A third area of concern relates,to the de-
newal projects, a tool which can be most 'hay, and grain. The soil conservation dis- velopment of new industries in rural com-
effective in_ helping rural areas in the most trict supervisors wondered why woodlots on munities. Many of those people who have
serious qco iic trouble We can provide these farms couldn't be managed to increase experience in this area recognize that the
technical assistance and loans tp,-localiifarm income. community that waits for a new industry to
=tic agencies designated `b the _flovernor or They asked the forest ranger to make a be located from outside the community will
the State legislature to develop comprehen- 'Survey. He found that the area's timber if usually wait a long time. The hope for real
We, far-reaching programs "in rural areas properly managed could keep a small mill in progress is best realized by emphasizing the
whlcb are similar In purpose and scope to business. growth potential from within the local com-
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It places the agricultural conservation ing about 75 people, and providing supple-
,program on a permanent basis, marking the mental income for about 200 farmers. It is
 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX February 6
requirements for financing, management,
promotion, and other essential skills. But
by pooling their funds and skills, and
through assistance from State and Federal
agencies, the needs of establishing modern
industry can be met. Perhaps cooperative
arrangements can be very useful in this re-
gatd, but we need to explore ways of creating
a more effective technique for developing
Industrial opportunity in rural communities.
The solution to this problem will also help
solve a universal problem In rural areas-
that of finding job opportunities for the
young people as they leave high school.
A fourth area where your advice will be
most helpful relates to the creation of a
domestic peace corps-a project which cur-
rently is being discussed among several de-
partments and agencies of the Government.
We have assigned or}e man to a special
group being formed by Attorney General
Robert Eennedy to study and evaluate the
proposed development of a corps of men
and women who would serve in rural and
urban areas of this country where social and
economic conditions required Immediate and
massive attention.
How could a domestic peace corps contrib-
ute most effectively to correcting some of the
very serious problems we know exist in rural
areas? Can the drive and enthusiasm which
Is found in the Peace Corps abroad overcome
the apathy and frustration in poverty areas
where rural renewal projects are needed?
Could these corpsmen help the low Income
white, Negro, and Indian families value the
economic barriers which tie them to a life
of poverty? Can they provide educational
opportunities which now are lacking for
many young people in rural America? Can
they provide the personal and individual
attention needed to help the illiterate, the
physically and mentally handicapped?
I believe a domestic peace corps can be a
healthy and dynamic influence In the rural
areas development program. and r would
welcome your Ideas and thoughts on the
subject.
Finally, it is clear that the scientific and
technological changes in agriculture have
come so swiftly-and are still at work at
an unbelievable speed-that most people
could no more accurately describe rural
America today than they could the surface
of Venue. It Is at once the most outstand-
ing example of productive success in the
history of man and yet harbors more poverty
than an the metropolitan centers put to-
gether. It is one of the basic elements in
our ability to lead the free world and yet
young people leave it for want of adequate
opportunity. It is sometimes described as
the last bastion of freedom and yet some
organizations advocate using economic pres-
sure to drive people out of it.
It is clear, both from cold statistics and
the observable events of the past decade,
that the core of the problem in rural Amer-
ica has two parts-low income caused by
chronic overproduction, the inability of the
market to absorb at a fair price what our
farms can easily produce and a social prob-
lem caused by farms too small to support
a family, and by the failure to develop ade-
quate Income opportunities through put-
ting the resources of rural America to non-
farm uses.
Emphasis on Improving farm prices and
income is essential but it is not the full
answer, nor will a concentration on develop-
ing nonfarm uses of rural resources be
enough to enable the Americans who live in
rural areas to enjoy a standard of living
equal to that of their urban cousin.
Supply management, applied as a tool
and not as a doctrine, to a flexible instru-
ment to increase production of commodities
In short supply and to balance production
with demand when stocks become too great.
It furthers at the same time the welfare of
both the producer and the consumer. It
provides for national security- and our com-
mitments to friendly nations abroad by
maintaining adequate reserves for war, nat-
ural disaster and the food-for-peace pro-
gram. It maintains fair prices for the con-
sumer and fair income for the farmer.
I believe we can reach a fair level of
living for the rural American if we are will-
ing to accept new ideas and explore new
ways. Tangible progress has been made in
that direction. We have new tools, and
many people have shown their willingness
to use them. We know the resources are
In rural America waiting to be put to new
uses. We are at a critical time when action
counts.
And I am optimistic that rural America
will make the most of its new opportunities.
v/ -
Part 8: Let's Keep the Record Straight-
A Selected Chronology of Cuba and
and Castro (November 21-December
15,1962)
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. DON L. SHORT
OF NORTH DAXOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 4, 1963
Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, part 8 is
now offered as a continuation of my
chronology on Cuba and Castro.
The "mopping-up" operations which
normally take place after a battle is over
now became the order of the day after
the coldest of cold wars was over. First
the American quarantine was lifted, the
Soviets returned the courtesy by ending
their combat readiness status, our ships,
reservists, Navy, Marine Corps, and
Strategic Air Command returned home
or ceased their operations in and around
Cuban waters. Even the Cuban Gov-
ernment was reported to have begun
demobilizing its militia units which had
been called to arms the day after our
quarantine was declared.
Then the glow of our uneasy peace
began slowly to fade as a Cuban Gov-
ernment newspaper renewed the con-
troversy by an offer to swap U.N. veri-
fication of Soviet missiles removal from
Cuba for U.N. supervision of dismantling
of alleged anti-Castro camps on U.A. soil
which supposedly were "training camps
of mercenaries, spies, saboteurs, and
terrorists."
Mikoyan, the Soviet's No. 1 trouble
shooter, left Cuba, returned to New
York, and journeyed to the White
House for what was termed an "incon-
clusive conference on Cuba and other
cold-war issues" with 1 yesident Ken-
nedy.
Secretary of State Dean Rusk did lit-
tle to relieve the renewed tension when
he broadcast a warning that Americans
must not draw too many conclusions
about a relaxation of world tensions.
Stating that easing of the Cuban crisis
"gives us all some confidence for the
future." he nevertheless pointed out that
"there were special circumstances in
Cuba which are not necessarily present
in other parts of the world." And the
American public swallowed this bitter
medicine reluctantly, but with resigna-
tion, because it knew Secretary Rusk
spoke the truth.
We soon found controversy was going
to remain our way of life when the
Stevenson-Alsop-Bartlett issue was sud-
denly dropped in our laps. Publication
in the December 8 Saturday Evening
Post of a joint Alsop-Bartlett article al-
leging that Adlai Stevenson-whose pub-
lic image had improved immensely dur-
ing the U.N. discussion and debate of the
Cuban-Soviet missiles buildup-had ad-
vocated a soft policy toward Moscow in
National Security Council discussions
created a new issue. The combined in-
dignant denials of Stevenson, his sup-
porters, and a carefully worded letter
of confidence written by President Ken-
nedy to Stevenson were not able to put
to rest a rumor that President Kennedy
himself had engineered the whole thing.
Later public utterances of both Steven-
son and the President not only did not
clear up the muddy waters, but in the
opinion of many, added a shade more
mud.
And It remained for Soviet Premier
Khrushchev-in his own fight for an im-
proved public image in-the U.S.S.R.-to
place the whole Cuban affair in clear and
cold perspective by a few well-chosen
words. Pointing out that although the
so-called Marxist-Leninists - Chinese
Communists-called imperialism a paper
tiger-that paper tiger has nuclear
teeth-and therefore should not be
treated lightly. Then he outlined some
undeniable, but to us indigestible,
truths, which it would pay us to mem-
orize in order not to forget them:
In what way have we retreated? Socialist
Cuba exists. Cuba remains it beacon of
Marxist-Leninist Ideas in the Western Hem-
isphere. The impact of her revolutionary
example will grow. The Government of the
United States has given a pledge not to in-
vade Cuba. The threat of thermonuclear
war has been averted. Is this a retreat?
Then, staying in character, Khru-
shchev continued pressing for a guaran-
tee of noninvasion of Cuba by the United
States. Ignoring completely the fact
that his own guarantees to the United
States regarding verification of the mis-
siles removal were worthless, he admon-
ished us to take care lest the Soviet con-
fidence in the word of the United States
was destroyed.
And the Red Chinese added the final
note of hypocrisy in virtuously declar-
ing that they really had no part in the
whole thing because they neither intro-
duced nuclear weapons Into Cuba, nor
obstructed their removal. In their de-
nial of the charge of "adventurism" or
of attempts at plunging the whole world
into a thermonuclear war, however, we
concede that they to a certain extent
spoke the truth because their actions
smacked of the typical troublemaker who
says, "I'll hold your coats, and let's you
and him fight."
Part 8 follows:
PART 8-A SELECTED CHRONOLOGY ON CUBA
AND CASrRO
November 21, 1962: Soviet Union ends the
combat-readiness alert of its armed forces
which was imposed at the beginning of the
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230038-6