COSTA RICAN CONFERENCE SHOWS SUPPORT FOR ACTION TO ISO-LATE COMMUNIST CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220026-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 26
• Publication Date: March 25, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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House of Representatives
MONDAY, MARCH 25, 1963
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO
TEMPORE
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
Clerk will read the following communi-
cation.
The Clerk read as follows:
MAncn 25, 1963.
I hereby designate the Honorable CARL
ALBERT to act as Speaker pro tempore today.
JOHN W. MCCORMACK,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
PRAYER
The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskatnp,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
I John 2: 17: He that doeth the will
of God abideth forever.
Eternal God, our Father, grant that
the motives, which daily impel our
thoughts and actions and the aims and
aspirations, which dominate our lives,
may not be at variance with Thy will
and the true, the beautiful, and the good.
Inspire us with a passionate desire to
devote and dedicate our strength of body,
mind, and heart to every worthy enter-
prise and forward movement that will
minister to the health and happiness of
all mankind.
May we never seek to avoid and es-
cape our responsibilities to have a share
in promoting not only the material and
physical welfare of humanity but in ele-
vating and enforcing its moral and spir-
itual well-being.
To Thy Name, through Christ Jesus,
our Lord, we shall give all the praise and
glory. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of' the proceedings of
Thursday, March 21, 1963, was read and
approved.
OSTA RICAN CONFERENCE SHOWS
SUPPORT FOR ACTIO--~ O ISO-
LATE COMMUNES !CUBA
(Mr. ROGERS of asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
er, the conference of Central American
leaders meeting with the President and
congressional representatives recently in
San Jose, Costa Rica, has produced
evidence that a firm basis for hemi-
spheric isolation of Communist Cuba not
only exists, but cries for leadership and
action.
The exuberance and warmth which our
President and delegation received in
Costa Rica dramatically proves that the
hopes and aspirations of our Latin
neighbors are riding with the United
States, a fact which is given additional
credence by the unanimous support
which this Nation received in the Organ-
ization of American States last October
during the Cuban missile crisis.
But the Communists are organizing
rapidly in Latin America, ironically they
plan to convene ir. Brazil shortly, a coun-
try which is at this moment pleading for
U.S. financial aid. In the face of this
threat to the freedom of this hemisphere,
we cannot withhold a solution to the
Cuban problem.
As the President has now stated, our
immediate policy is the isolation of Cuba.
It is gratifying to see that one of the
topics discussed at Costa Rica included
measures I have long recommended as
necessary to place Cuba in solitary con-
finement-namely the ban on movement
of Castro agents and propaganda, and
the restriction of Cuban Government
funds.
Mr. Speaker, I urge that the United
States assume the first step of leader-
ship by closing U.S. ports to nations
which engage in sea trade with Cuba,
then make the following proposals to
the OAS for adoption by the nations of
this hemisphere:
First, close hemispheric seaports to
nations engaged in sea trade with Cuba,
Second, close hemispheric airports to
airlines flying into Cuba,
Third, ban movement of Castro agents
and propaganda throughout Latin
America,
Fourth, ban relay of unofficial tele-
communications messages to and from
Cuba, and
Fifth, freeze Cuban Government funds
now on deposit in Latin American finan-
cial institutions.
Mr. Speaker, adoption of this plan by
the Organization of American States
would effectively place Cuba in solitary
confinement. Isolatiortd of Cuba is now
a matter of official U.S. policy, and the
above steps are our only immediate re-
course to the Cuban problem short of an
act of war.
If we are serious about fighting com-
munism in this hemisphere, we will act
quickly in the coming days with a con-
centrated, hard-driving campaign to
place the policy of isolating Cuba into
practice.
ADJOURNMENT OVER
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that when the House
adjourns today it adjourn to meet on
Thursday next.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentle-
man from Louisiana?
There was no objection.
SPECIAL ORDERS TRANSFERRED
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I further
ask unanimous consent that all special
orders heretofore entered into for to-
morrow and Wednesday be carried over
until Thursday next.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentleman
from Louisiana?
Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, reserv-
ing the right to object, would those that
were scheduled for tomorrow come first
then on Thursday?
Mr. BOGGS. That would be my un-
derstanding, Mr. Speaker.
Mr. HALLECK. I withdraw my reser-
vation of objection, Mr. Speaker.
Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr. Speak-
er, further reserving the right to object,
might I inquire of the majority whip
whether his request was to the effect
that all special orders for today and
tomorrow go over?
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, if the gen-
tleman will yield, the request is for those
special orders for Tuesday and Wednes-
day.
Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr. Speak-
er, I withdraw my reservation.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentleman
from Louisiana?
There was no objection.
PROTECTION OF THE VICE PRESI-
DENT OF THE UNITED STATES
(Mr. McCORMACK (at the request of
Mr. BoGGs) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I
take this time to inform the House that
I am in receipt of a letter from Mr. James
J. Rowley, Chief, U.S. Secret Service,
relative to the protection of the Vice
President of the United States.
The letter follows:
TREASURY DEPARTMENT,
U.S. SECRET SERVICE,
Washington, D.C., March 22, 1963.
The Honorable Joins W. MCCORMACK,
Speaker, House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: In response to your
request for my comments on the remarks
yesterday by Congressman SILVIO O. CoNTE.
regarding the Secret Service's appropriation
request for additional staff to carry out its
responsibilities under present law which calls
for the protection of the Vice President, may
I say that a number of questions were raised
that need clarification.
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 jest to the directlou of the Secretary of the t erne protecuon was highly unsatisfac- the provisions of the law. This is not a
Treasury, the cti Secret Service, ry, and indeed, ineffectual. Anyone who question of their courage, nor of.their own
Tre a ury, t, is authorized to protect Treasury wanted to harm him need only plan to do desire for privacy or freedom from the bur-
De r the President ofd he pr test the Staff so at a time when the Secret Service was not den such protection necessarily imposes. The
son of guarding members of his immediate family, the A bill to him, eliminate the discretion of the the men responsibilities stand f at gtheeh ghest elective
President-elect, the Vice President or other Vice President as to whether or not he will posts In the land. We must adequately plan
officer next in order of succession to the receive protection was first proposed In 1960, to meet such contingencies as accidents, or
office of President, or the Vice President- and was passed by the Senate in that year, deeds of violence, as unpleasant as they may
elect; protect a former President, at his but was not acted upon by the House of Rep- be. The Secret Service as the organization
request, for a reasonable time after he leaves resentativea. When the law was first pro- which must meet this full-time responsibll-
office" posed, the Treasury Department, in Its Ity, cannot do so on a part-time basis.
This law was approved October 15, 1962. transmittal of the legislation, expressed the It is clear that the protection called for
The request to the Subcommittee of the opinion that the existing law, providing pro- in the law, and for which we have asked
Committee on Appropriations, House of tection for the Vice President only at his the necessary appropriations, is not for the
Representatives, made on March 11 of this request, "presents an untenable situation", individual, but for the position of the Vice
year. was the first time that the Secret The Treasury further pointed out that part- President-a position second only to that
Service sought, in the routine presentation time protection Is ineffectual, since anyone of the Presidency of the United States-the
of its operating needs for the coming fiscal with a premediated design to harm the Vice position from which the Nation will draw
year 1984, the funds It had determined as President would be expected to execute his Its next Chief Executive in the unhappy
needed to carry out Its responsibilities under plan at a time when no Secret Service pro- event that this would become necessary be-
the law. tection was afforded. cause f death.
At the hearings last week r furnished the The bill was again Introduced In 1961, and There are a
great
subcommittee the number of personnel the lay pending until it was passed by the Sen- lives ma be in many Americans whose
Service had determined was needed, after ate and approved on October 15, 1983, In that of the Vice they President, Congressman
and nature of duties required. As this testi- put forth that gaps In existing legislation nor nor those who would be, the event nt feel
has not been made _ needed closing with respect to those lndlvid tragedy. We In the Secret Service feel
hastno I feel I esp sublic tand by ae subcom- uals who were next in line to the Presidency, strongly that this is what the law con-
mit, my posi- I would like to further emphasize that the riders in assigning us the responsibility of
tion as outlined to the subcommittee growing Importance of the Once of the Vice providing the needs:
At this point it Is appropriate to point Presidency, the troubled times in which we If Conress does no pwish to provide the
out that Vice President JOHNSON had not live-marked by International plots end funds necessary to carry out the mandate
made any requests for the protective serv- counterplots, the poesbilllity of actions of of the new law, it should be repealed. As
ices proposed nor was he consulted concern- the mentally unstable-all have fortified my long as the law is on the books, however,
Ing the number of personnel determined to belief that the assignment of Secret Service I feel that it is my duty to provide for its
be necessary to properly protect the person of agents to the protection of the Vice Presi- proper administration.
the Vice President. The request for appro- dent Is in the best Interest of the V.S. Sincerel
priations was made because the present law, Government, y yours,
Public Law 87-829, broadened considerably Congressman ConTi reterred to the differ- JAMES J. ROwrEY.
the scope of the Service's protective respon- ence between the number of men assigned TREASURY DEPARTME14T,
sibilities which in turn requires additional to protect Vice President JOHNSON prior to Washington, D.C., March 22, 1963.
personnel to carry out its provisions, the passage of the current law, and the num- The Treasury Department today said that
The present law differs markedly from the ber now being requested. In the light of my the request of the Secret Service for 36 posi-
law under which the Secret Service protected experience over the past 24 years, and tions in order to fulfill Its statutory respon-
the Vice President during the previous dec- through the accumulated experience of our sibilities of protecting the Vice President
ade. On July 16, 1951, spurred by such agents In protecting Presidents of the United has apparently been subject to misunder-
events as the assassination attempt upon States. I feel that I am in a position best standing because of the nature of protective
President Truman at the Blair House, the suited to make such plans and prescribe the work.
law which set forth the protective duties of manpower needed.
the Secret Service was amended to include
Under the old law. There will not n 38 agents e. protection of the Vice President at his re-
, the protection by the the Vice President at once. There will
quest. Secret Service was intermittent, and not normally be only 4 assigned at any one time
The new law has three ob actives: To around the clock. To provide the manpower to protective duties, which means advance
j needed, the Service drew upon Its existing work as well as on-the-spot protection. The
close loopholes that existed in the old law personnel, generally from the field offices, protective organization would also include
with respect to threats against, and Secret Now that the law calls for adequate, full- two agents assigned to the Vice President's
Service protection for, the person who In time protection, it is obvious that more in- Washington residence and one agent to his
next in line for the Presidency. Second, dividuals are needed. -Texas home.
to remove from the Vice President the die- In order to carry out Its responsibilities, How, then, does the total figure come to 387
cretion as to whether he should or should the Secret Service must now provide full- Because there are three 8-hour shifts to
not receive Secret Service protection. Third, time around-the-clock protection for the be filled, because the weekends must be
to authorize Secret Service protection of a Vice President's residence and for his per- covered as well as week days, and because
former President for a reasonable time son. To provide such protection on a mini- sick and annual leave must be taken into
after he leaves office. mum basis It estimates 38 persons will be account. The overall number includes sup-
Therefore it was clear that the intent and required on the basis of a 40-hour working porting personnel bringing the total to 36.
purpose of the present law was to focus upon week for each agent, plus time off for holi- Under the old law, Vice Presidents were
the inadequacies of the old law regarding the days, sickness, and annual leave, furnished protection upon request (not
succession to the Presidency, by autUorizing Congressman Comm indicated he would necessarily the request of the Vice President,
adequate protection to the President and the agree to protection of the Vice President 24 but also of the President or the Secretary
Vice President, or In the event of their hours a day for 385 days a year, but that no of the Treasury). This was unsatisfactory
deaths, the Speaker of the House, the Presi- more than two agents should be made availa- because a Vice President or other people
dent pro tempore of the Senate, the Secre- ble to do this entire job except when the Vice acting on his behalf should not be required
tary of State. etc. The law closed the gap President was on an exceptionally Important to make the decision as to whether or not he
by recognizing the reality that Presidents In mission. Such a limited number of agents, needs protection. That is the reason for the
the past have been killed, or died In office, of course, could not even begin to provide legislation giving this responsibility to the
and so have officers in the sequence of pos- protection on an around-the-clock basis, 365 Secret Service through the Treasury Depart-
sible succession. days a year. mt. It
b
Further than that, the new law took heed I agree as to the Inadvisability of taking the Senate Infi1960 roItsebe ameplawdlast
of the fact that in the period 1961 to 1962 the agents away from their duties In the field October.
President had no choice whether or not he in order to provide protection. This is just The following points will also help clarify
was protected by the Secret Service. But as what our request for personnel is designed recent discussions of this matter:
to the Vice President, he was to be protected to avoid. The only way to insure adequate 1. The Secret Service as an Interim meas-
only upon his request. Should he not choose protection is to establish a detail specifically ure assigned 19 agents to the protection of
to request It, the Secret Service was not ,au- charged with the task, and not to rely upon the Vice President last fall after the new
thorized to furnish it. part-time services from personnel asst ned to get
The reasoning behind this phase of the law to other duties. g it responsibilities legislation was approved. In order p ssmble
was-clear: If a Vice President did not ask for Its absence any to the extent
appropriated ated funds, It
protection, he was highly vulnerable to at- ' are sensitive ones. by Congressman nimpugns the became neces a of ice e, It
tempts upon his life. When he asked for courage of the President or the Vice Preal- porarlly to draw agents froffit the Service for
protection only upon occasion, this kind of dent, or any of the gentlemen covered by this purpose.
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 1963
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 4601
Irregardless, the State Department will
loan Brazil the money she requested.
While we heard anguished cries from
the Brazilian Government when the
State Department announced Commu-
nist infiltration of Brazil, it has yet to
refute these charges.
As far as I am concerned, Brazil
should not get a plugged nickel from the
United States.
Despite this heartbreaking disaster there
was no anguished cry for aid from Washing-
ton or the State capitol at Columbus. True,
the refinements of Federal aid had not been
thought of then, but Congress was only too
happy to logroll a hodgepodge of river and
harbor bills to relieve localities of the costs
of local improvements. Instead of calling
on the logrollers, the thoroughly drenched
Miami Valley citizens took the quaint stand
that control of the river was their job, and
not a legitimate burden on the taxpayers of
Montana or New York.
All they asked from the lawgivers at Co-
lumbus was permission to form the conserv-
ancy district, with power to levy taxes for
the purpose of keeping the rivers from their
doors and barnyards. That permission was
granted by the State legislature. No appeal
of any kind went to Washington, and the
only entrance of the National Government
came when a Federal district court ruled
that the United States had no objection.
The district issued almost $34 million in
bonds. Proceeds were used for construction
of dams and channel regulation, and that
ended the floods for the Miami Valley. In
this engineering project there were no extras
such as hydroelectric power, swanky fishing
and recreation resorts or resettlement proj-
ects. Flood control was what the Miami
Valley people paid their money for and
flood control is what they got.
Today, as the district prepares to levy the
final assessment for retirement of the last
bonds, the flood-free communities, farms,
and individuals of the Miami Valley are
pretty proud of their accomplishment. It's
theirs and they paid for it without outside
help, advice, second guessing or the nostrums
of the District of Columbia school of medi-
cine. Equally pleasing to most is the fact
that the district provided no plum tree for
anxious jobseekers. Only 56 persons are em-
ployed on the entire project, hardly enough
to staff the public relations offce of almost
any Washington bureau you pare to name.
COMMUNISM IS NV NEGOTIABLE
(Mr. STINSON asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD, and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, many of
the citizens in this ? country will argue
Communism is not negotiable, The reason
for saying this is not political but philo-
sophical. Despite the new""nice guy" mask
Khrushchev is wearing, he is still a Com-
munist. As such, he will be content with
but one objective: mastery of the entire
world. He has told us this, he has set about
scientifically and methodically to prove it.
Cuba is just one more step along the way.
Communism understands but one law:
force. And brute force is not negotiable.
Force is only countered by counterforce.
The brief blockade was a beautiful exam-
ple of this simple fact.
We have been told that we must not
"fear to negotiate." Where communism is
concerned, dare we make such a statement?
It might be good rhetoric-but what about
the logic? It would seem that in dealing
with Khrushchev, negotiation ought to be
our greatest fear. If Cuba has not taught
us this, it has taught us nothing.
Our verbal threats against Russia's pres-
ence 90 miles off the Florida coast are be-
ginning to sound about as dangerous as the
"do that again and I'll spank" of an in-
dulgent mother to her spoiled child.
Soviet presence on the island of Cuba can-
not be tolerated. Everybody in the free
world agrees to this. This presence cannot
effectively and completely be removed by
mere negotiation. Recent history attests to
that.
An editorial in this week's issue of Life
magazine outlines some excellent steps that
could be taken to rid ourselves of Castro's
so-called defensive Russian army.
While the Life editorial's specific recom-
mendations may not be in every instance as
carefully conceived or outlined as those of
a military strategist, still the principle upon
which they are based is absolutely correct.
The editorial rightly contends that "It is
time for deeds as well as negotiations * *
BRAZILIAN LOAN
(Mr. HARSHA asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, again we
have been had. The Brazilian Govern-
ment has announced plans for hemi-
sphere Communists to hold a conference
in Sao Paulo starting today.
On March 18, in a speech in the House
pie using this argument are usually those of Representatives, I called to the at-
who have only a surface understanding tention of Congress the fact that Brazil
of communism. The following article was going to host the second Commu-
from the Northwest Progress, of Seattle, ' nist-inspired continental congress of
Wash., very graphically points out our solidarity with Cuba. The first such
current stance against communism: congress, 2 years ago in Mexico City, is
NOT NEGOTXAELE widely regarded as having brought about
If there is any lesson that can be learned violent efforts to subvert the Govern-
from Castro's takeover of Cuba it would ments of Venezuela and Peru and with
seem to be this: That as far as our state organizing leftist agitation in Panama
Department goes, we have?learned absolutely and Puerto Rico.
nothing at all. This is obviously giving aid and com-
The U.S. policy in Cuba is based upon the fort to the enemy of democracy, and
same political principle that has determined literally thumbs the Brazilian nose at
our dealings with atheistic communism in
China, Hungary, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Po- the United States.
land, and all the other nations that have Furthermore, in a speech on the floor
fallen to Red aggression. of the House on March 21, 1 called at-
Our State Department has always oper- tention to the- fact that three members
ated on the principle that communism, how- of the 15-man Brazilian Cabinet are no-
ever dangerous, is negotiable. As long as torious Marxists, two others were former
that principle is maintained as a modus Communist Party members. Goulart's
agenda by the U.S. Government, regardless press secreary is a self-declared Commu-
of the sincerity of the men involved or the
name of the administration, what happened nist. The powerful National Industrial
in Hungary had to happen in Cuba and Workers Confederation, which unites
what has happened in Cuba must happen in industrial unions, is under Communist
all of America. North and South, unless we control. The big oil monopoly, Petro-
change our policy. bras, is run by an extreme leftwinger.
No. 45-12
YUGOSLAV MILITARY ATTENDING
ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL,
STAFF COLLEGE AT FORT
LEAVENWORTH, KANS.
(Mr. WYMAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, I wonder
if our citizens know that a uniformed
military officer from Communist Yugo-
slavia attends the regular Army Com-
mand and General Staff College at Fort
Leavenworth, Kans. I wonder if they
know that no less than four general of-
ficers of the Yugoslav Army are gradu-
ates of our top staff college. I wonder
if they know that clearance for this must
come from the White House. I wonder
if they know that this has been happen-
ing for some years.
Mr. Speaker, what goes on here? Even
the most uninformed among our citi-
zenry knows that such military men
have sworn allegiance to a Communist
flag; that everything they learn at our
General Staff College goesright back to
Communists; that Yugoslayia is in close
military" liaison with the Soviet general
staff. -
Whether or not attendance at clas-
sified classes is barred to these men, the
vast military knowledge they gain in a
full course at Fort Leavenworth is un-
deniable. It is the sheerest lunacy to
condone educating Communists about
the operations of our general staff on the
theory that it encourages splinter groups
within the Soviet periphery.
I believe that we should investigate so
that we can know just who cleared this
assignment in this administration as
well as under whose individual direction
and initiative this sorry practice was in-
itiated years ago. It is not the Army's
fault. Orders for such inanity come
from on high, not from the Army, of -
that we can be certain.
This is further glaring evidence that
the present administration does not un-
derstand that all genuine Communists
are deadly serious in their fanatical de-
sire to destroy the United States. This
is so whether they are Russian Commu-
nists or Chinese Communists or Yugo-
slav Communists. One does not appease
a rattlesnake by inviting him into his
house. -
FOREIGN AID PROGRAM -
(Mr. ADAIR asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his
remarks.) -
Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, I read with
great interest, over the weekend, the
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4602 CON A
Clay report on foreign aid and think WHY THE DISCRIMINATION
that there is much of value In it. Many AGAINST THE 15-ACRE FARMER.
of the things that It points out are mat- MR. FREEMAN?
ters which some of us in the Congress (Mr. LATTA asked and was given
who have been studying the aid pro-nermission to address the House f
attention first is the suggestion that "` MrL"LATTA Mr. Speaker, on Febru-
hundreds of millions of dollars can be ary 26 of this year I expressed my fears
cut from the annual programs without to this House that Freeman and com-
damaging them. In fact, the inference pany would attempt to use a double set
is clear that the programs would be bet- of standards for our Nation's farmers in
ter for having reduced amounts of the forthcoming wheat referendum in
maney to spend. that one method of voting would be re-
But, there are other, less obvious, but quired for the small 15-acre wheat
equally important proposals. One of farmers and another for the larger pro-
those relates to the selection of the ducers. My fears were not unfounded as
countries which receive our aid. From the Department of Agriculture has now
the report, I gain the very strong im- filed its "Notice of Proposed Rulemaking"
pression that the committee feels that in the Federal Register to amend existing
we should be much more selective In the regulations relative to voting in the 1964
matter of our aid and should concentrate wheat referendum. The Department is
our efforts in those countries with which proposing that the regulations be
we have a community of interest and changed to read as follows:
which will not treat our assistance as a ~~~ whsAr
mere basis for bargaining with the Any producer who has a farm acreage al-
Communists to get aid from them also. lotment shall be eligible to vote in any
Reference is made to the participa- wheat referendum held pursuant to 7 U.B.G.
tion of the private sector of our economy lass, as amended: Provided, That a producer
and here again is a matter upon which on a farm with a wheat acreage allotment of
most of us in the Congress acted a year less ithan he o a r s shaall be eligible go vote
ago over the strong protests of the Agen- only If pQ
cy for International Development and the county committee, not later than 7 days
the State Department. Now, the com- prior to the date of the referendum, an elee-
mittee finds that this action has been Bon in writing to be subject to the wheat
marketing quota for the farm.
helpful. On the whole. Mr. Speaker,
one feels anew that before we act Should this regulation be put Into ef-
upon the foreign aid authorization feet by Mr. Freeman it would mean that
and appropriation bills this year most our Nation's 15-acre wheat producers
careful scrutiny should be given to the would have to agree in writing at least 7
whole program to the end that, as a days before they voted that they would
minimum, very substantial dollar re- comply with the administration's pro-
ductions be made and that the recipi- gram-should it be approved In the ref-
ents of our assistance be more care- erendum. If they did not so signify
fully chosen. their intent to comply with these new
,,1e th would be ineligible
e
r s
F
COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND
INSULAR AFFAIRS
Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I
ask unanimous consent that the Sub-
committee on Mines and Mining of the
Committee on Interior and Insular Af-
fairs may sit during general debate this
afternoon.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentle-
man from Oklahoma?
There was no objection.
PEACE CORPS PERSONNEL
(Mr. KYL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, in view of the
stated dedication of higher echelon per-
sonnel in the Peace Corps, I offer the fol-
lowing news article without comment'.
TOP PEACE CORPS Paasoi.xn. To TAKE
2-WEEK REraEAr
Some 160 executives of the Peace Corps
will spend 2 weeks at the Corps training
camp in Puerto Rico, reports Deputy Director
William Moyers.
"The idea is to spend 2 weeks in a close
and familiar setting with the volunteers and
also to balk desk flabbiness," explains Moyers.
While on the Caribbean island they will
collect their regular salaries ($11,000 a year
and up) and have their expenses paid.
y
,
re
-_
to vote. Large wheat farmers would be
eligible to vote on election day auto-
matically without previously signifying
their Intentions to do so.
Is it consistent for the administration
to protest the inability of some citizens
to vote in general elections due to un-
necessary and discriminatory voting
regulations and then to arbitrarily place
such regulations in the paths of the
Nation's small wheat farmers to keep
them from voting in a referendum?
March 25
and as a consequence they will probably
not look upon it with favor, that the
powers that be do not want them to
vote and this accounts for these addi-
tional and burdensome regulations being
placed upon them. It also could be
argued that a 7-day open season on our
15-acre farmers who do sign up will be
needed in order to launch an all-out,
concentrated attack upon them in the
hope of convincing them to vote right.
If this is the case, someone has mis-
judged these farmers as they do not
succumb to badgering and cajoling.
Whatever the reason for this proposed
regulation, it is not sufficient to warrant
such rank discrimination among the
wheat producers of America. I there-
fore, urge you, Mr. Secretary, in fairness
to these small wheat farmers, not to
put this proposed regulation Into effect.
THE NEW FRONTIER
(Mr. BECKER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, after
reading the President's speech made at
Chicago on Saturday, I am wondering
when he is going to stop his changing
moods and let the American people know
when and where he expects to find the
New Frontier. On Saturday he said that
perhaps if we do not have a tax reduc-
tion we may not have a recession, but
here he changed his mood. He went on
to say:
But. If we do not have tax reduction our
unemployment may go from 8 to 7 percent.
In the campaign in 1960 President
Kennedy promised he was going to end
unemployment, but I say seriously that
in his changing moods and changing
everybody know what the New Frontier
is and whether he ever expects to find
it. His changing mood is giving the
American people and business the jitters.
Perhaps if he stopped changing his posi-
tion so frequently, business could settle
down, expand, and be in a position to put
more people to work and end the rise in
unemployment.
CAN WE CUT FEDERAL EXPENDI-
TURES IN YOUR DISTRICT?
(Mr. JOELSON asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, we have
been hearing much talk about the need
for reducing Federal expenditures for
years, but getting very little action.
Although the talk still continues, the
fact remains that in fiscal 1963, out of a
total Federal budget of $94 billion, the
following appropriations were passed
unanimously: About $50 billion for na-
tional defense, $51/2 billion for veterans'
benefits, and $31/2 billion for space ex-
ploration. These items, together- with
interest on thenational debt which is a
fixed charge, account for approximately
75 cents out of every tax dollar.
Because of the unanimity with which
these appropriations were endorsed by
Why double standards for our Ameri-
can wheat producers, Mr. Freeman? Is
it necessary to make first- and second
class citizens out of our wheat farmers
in order to make your supply-manage-
ment theory work? If so, this is another
good reason why your supply-manage-
ment approach for agriculture should
not be adopted.
What is the real reason for this pre-
election signup for our 15-acre wheat
farmers, Mr. Freeman? You cannot
argue that you need this information In
order to ascertain who these 15-acre
farmers are as your county committees
already have this information, It can-
not be argued that a farmer could not
just as easily and as quickly signify his
intent at the time he came in to vote.
It could, however, be argued that since
your program will be extremely detri-
mental to our small wheat producers
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my colleagues, those who are calling for
decreased spending evidently want cuts
to be made in the appropriations which
consume the remaining 25 cents out of
every tax dollar.
Since each Congressman knows his
own district the best, I would appreciate
hearing from each of my colleagues
about his suggestions for cutting down
on Federal spending in his own district.
As a member of the Appropriations Com-
mittee, I would be pleased to total the
suggested amounts and pass the infor-
mation along to my chairmafi.
If a flood control or land reclamation
project which is scheduled for construc-
tion in a Representative's district is con-
sidered unnecessary by him, I would
appreciate hearing from him about it.
Likewise, those of my colleagues who
object to their districts receiving area
redevelopment funds or moneys for
their local schools under the aid to fed-
erally impacted areas legislation should
not hesitate to let me know about it.
Those of my colleagues from farm
areas should feel free to tell me how
much less they want spent in` their own
districts for price supports, and those
who represent urban districts should
similarly advise how much less they
wish their districts to receive for urban
renewal.
Does any Congressman wish to file
objection to the spending of money in
his district under the Federal road pro-
gram? If so, just let me know. For
that matter, I should also like to hear
from anyone who disssents from the ex-
penditure of Federal funds in his area
for hospitals under the Hill-Burton Act.
Naturally, I should also welcome any
information from anyone who would like
a large defense contract terminated in
his district.
When I total all the response, I shall
announce the result. I doubt that I
shall require an adding machine.
WASTING MONEY
(Mr. JONES of Missouri asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker,
as a member of the Subcommittee on
Printing of the Committee on House Ad-
ministration, I have been advised that a
number of bills will be considered to-
morrow. This has reminded me of a
wasteful practice that has gone on for
years and which is proposed to be per-
petuated in another way. I am referring
to the printing of calendars which are
distributed to the Members. Now that
is a small item and I will probably be
branded as a nitpicker. But we are
spending $27,473 a year to print calen-
dars to be distributed to the Members,
and each one of us gets 10 of these
calendars and more if we request them.
To me. that is an utter waste of money
and I intend to try to stop it. If there
are others who concur in my views with
respect to this, I would appreciate it if
they would so inform the Subcommittee
on Printing stating that they do not
endorse this waste of money. With mil-
lions of calendars of every conceivable
size and design being distributed by all
types of businesses as well as individuals,
I cannot believe that anyone is being
denied, a free calendar; and for that rea-
son can see no reason why the Congress
should approve this waste of money.
This is just one of many small ways in
which Members of Congress can effect
small savings, which total a substantial
sum. The greatest good that can come
from' this action of discontinuing this
practice is that it would indicate Con-
gress desire to practice economy-and
once we make the start, I believe it will
result in greater and substantial savings.
REPUBLICAN BUDGET HYPOCRISY
(Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the
partisan statements of Republican lead-
ers in reference to the President's tax
reduction and budget proposals border on
political hypocrisy.
They have apparently forgotten, in
their zeal to discredit the Democratic
program, that the largest peacetime
deficit in history occurred during a Re-
publican administration in 1959 and
totaled $12.427 billion.
They have apparently forgotten that
the cumulative deficit during the Eisen-
hower Republican administration was
$21.953 billion.
They criticize the President's efforts to
stimulate the economy with a tax reduc-
tion at a time when a deficit will occur.
I would call their attention to the year
1954-during the Republican adminis-
tration-when there were tax reductions
totaling an estimated $7.4 billion. This
came at a time when it was obvious there
would be a deficit, and there was a
deficit.
The tax reduction included removal of
excess profits tax, reductions in individ-
ual income taxes, reduction in excise
taxes, and revisions of the Federal Rev-
enue Code.
The Republican leadership now takes
the position that tax reduction in the
face of a deficit is an unpardonable
financial sin.
But in 1954, when the economy was
lagging, the Republicans turned to tax
reduction and the economy showed a
substantial upswing. With the healthier
economy, the Republicans were able to
achieve surpluses.
The Republican leadership questions
an increase in the national debt ceiling.
Yet during the Republican administra-
tion the debt ceiling was increased for
fiscal 1955, for 1958, for 1959, and 1960.
So it is apparent that the criticism of
the Republican leadership stems' from
sheer partisan politics. When a Repub-
lican President called for tax reduction,
an increase in the debt ceiling, and a
deficit budget, this was acceptable, even
praised.
But when the Democratic administra-
tion in office attempts to stimulate a
lagging economy and increase Federal
revenues looking toward ultimate bal-
ancing of the budget, then-in the Re-
publican view-an outrageous financial
crime is being committed.
The facts are that we are falling $30
to $40 billion short of our potential in
national output, $18 to $20 billion short
in wages and salaries, and $7 to $8 billion
in business profits. We have an unem-
ployment rate of more than 6 percent
and persistent, large budget deficits.
Failure to act now to stimulate the
economy is inviting another recession.
Our high tax rates are repressive. A
tax reduction is needed urgently.
Certainly our expenditures should be
carefully studied. They have been care-
fully studied. Some reductions are be-
ing made. But to achieve the sort of
budget reduction the Republicans advo-
cate would seriously hamper our defense
efforts-because that is where the bulk
of the budgetary increases have been.
The best way to balance the budget is
to balance the economy. The increased
economic activity from a tax rate will
produce more revenues which can and
will be used to achieve a balanced Fed-
eral budget.
The Republican leadership would do
well to lend its support to a sensible
economic program of this kind, rather
than devoting its time to irresponsible
sniping for political purposes.
AREA REDEVELOPMENT
AMENDMENTS
(Mr. PURCELL asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, I have
introduced a bill today to amend the
Area Redevelopment Act to correct what
I believe to be a serious inadequacy in
this legislation.
The bill provides that the Secretary
of Commerce shall include in his stand-
ards for designation of counties under
this act, standards based on the migra-
tion out of the county.
The present law provides that this
shall be one of the things considered in
formulating the standards. But it is
very necessary to make counties eligible
on this basis alone if we are to stem the
tide of migration to already overcrowded
metropolitan areas.
The many communities which are
losing population today because of a lack
of jobs would like to be able to retain
the young people who are leaving today.
With just a little help, such as assist-
ance through the Area Redevelopment
Act, these communities could establish
new industry and provide new jobs for
these young people.
The figures on unemployment and in-
come do not show these counties to be
within the standards adopted by the Sec-
retary of Commerce for designation un-
der this law. However, the fact is that
many of these counties which are rapidly
losing population are in very serious
trouble. What has happened is that,
instead of hanging on, these people who
have lost jobs have moved out of the
county. Those who had businesses have
shut them down and gone elsewhere,
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usually to work for someone else rather
than open a new business.
The net effect has been that the un-
employment rate and the income rate In
the counties do not reflect the total sit-
uation. Those who are unemployed
show up on the rolls of a big metro-
politan city. They show up on the wel-
fare rolls of these cities. The effect Is
the same on the national economic pic-
ture. The people are still unemployed.
The county still is deteriorating from
lack of industry and employment oppor-
tunity. And we are now doing nothing
about it.
The expansion of this program, Mr.
Speaker, as proposed in the bill I have
introduced today, will have an immedi-
ate stimulating effect on the economy of
many rural areas across our land just
because of the existence of this provi-
sion. The effect when the provision is
Implemented with proper funds and ad-
ministrative action would be tremen-
dous.
When people want to help themselves,
I feel we should assist them In this effort.
That is the purpose of this bill. I hope
my colleagues will give it their prompt
A
WI
r
OLIDEN-
L
ARITY
C0
T
H CUBA MEETS i2J RIO WHILE
UNITED STATES GIVES MORE AID
TO BRAZIL-TO BUILD TRADE
WITH RUSSIA i
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AL-
BUT). Under previous order of the
House, the gentleman from Florida [Mr.
CRAMER] is recognized for 30 minutes.
(Mr. CRAMER asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I along
with other Members of this House of
Representatives had the privilege over
the weekend of visiting Guantanamo
Bay, the American military base in Cuba.
I do not want to make that particular
visit the principal subject of my re-
marks, but it does have a relationship to
the subject which I do want to discuss
rather briefly and 'that is the question of
'the proposed foreign aid to B ,par-
ticularly in view of the annou~hent
which we see on the UPI ticker just to-
day, to the effect-it has been known be-
fore of course, but the number of coun-
tries attending has not been known-the
fact that the Communist-inspired Con-
tinental Congress of Solidarity With
Cuba meets In Rio de Janeiro the 28th of
this month, Thursday of this week, and
who is going to be in attendance-78
countries have decided to attend at this
meeting which is commonly known as a
meeting for the purpose of ultra liberals
and some Communists to carve out a
solidarity with Cuba-that means Com-
munist Cuba program. Included in these
78 countries are Cuba itself, Russia and
Red China, and a number of other coun-
tries are to be involved including many
in this hemisphere. Representatives
from 78 countries are attending. Despite
this and other evidence of the growth of
communism In Brazil as even stated by
the State Department Itself in Brazilian
Ambassador Gordon's testimony before
the Belden subcommittee to the effect in
Brazil the Government has been infil-
trated with Communists, the student
movement has been infiltrated with Com-
munists as well as the labor union
movement.
Of course. there was an effort by the
State Department to claim that this
testimony which appears in the record
of the hearings before the Subcommit-
tee on Inter-American Affairs was taken
out of the context and did not really
mean what it says. Anybody who reads
it will note that it is very clearly stated
that there has been Communist Infiltra-
tion in the Government, in union move-
ments, and In student groups-on page
247 of the hearings I quote "The prin-
cipal field of Infiltration and influence
is in the labor unions. In the Govern-
ment staff there has been infiltration.
The student movement in another ma-
jor area of penetration with the Na-
tional Student Union now being domi-
nated by Communists."
What does all this amount to? And
I am going to take a few minutes to re-
view the extent of Communist infiltra-
tion and buildup in Brazil. As a matter
of fact, the fearless reporter who had
the intestinal fortitude to state the facts
of what is going on in Brazil was just
recently declared to be persona non
grata by the Government because he
had the Intestinal fortitude to put in the
record for all to read the story of the
Communist buildup in Brazil. I am
sure most of you have read that article
by Mr. Stein with regard to the amaz-
ing Communist buildup in Brazil which
is, I believe, self-explanatory. I include
the article at the close of my remarks.
Here is what happened, for Instance, in
Costa Rica during the visit of the Presi-
dent on March 20 with regard to our
policy in giving foreign aid to these
Latin American countries who still rec-
ognize and do business with Castro's
Cuba and who do not do all they can
to oppose Communist subversion within
their countries, but, as a mater of fact,
in some instances are even encourag-
ing it.
Here Is what one Costa Rican student
stated at the time of this visit at the
University of Costa Rica:
It is foolish for you Americans to give
money to corrupt, oligarchy-controlled
Latin American governments without su-
pervising the expenditure of every dollar.
You're throwing money down the drain,
and In the end you'll lose both the money
and the country. And you shouldn't make
an exception of our own Government, how-
ever advanced it might be.
These were students in a university
In a country with a long history of
democracy and social progress, condi-
tions lacking in most Latin American
countries. This was the advice of stu-
dents given to reporters at the time of
the President's visit at the Costa Rican
Conference on March 20, 1963. Good
advice, I believe, but advice which we
are not heeding these days.
Who is going to be in attendance at
this conference in Rio, in a country to
whose Government we are proposing to
March 25
give $55 million of a $11/2 billion program
for the purpose of building up the econ-
omy of Brazil so she can continue to
trade with Soviet Russia? I under-
stand, although it has not been officially
announced at the movement, by the wire
services, that the President is expected
to make a pronouncement concerning
it sometime today that this $55 mil-
lion to Brazil has been agreed to as the
first Installment despite the fact the
Government of Brazil refuses to con-
demn this conference, as a matter of
fact Is going to let It go on in Rio de
Janeiro, is weakening in its opposition to
communism, Is doing business with
Russia, and continues to recognize
Castro.
Who are some of the Brazilians who
are going to be in attendance at this
conference? I think this indicates the
extent of the infiltration of communism
in the country. Who are some of the
Brazilians who are going to be in attend-
ance at this Red continental congress?
There is going to be Luis Carlos
Prestes, Secretary General of the Bra-
zilian Communist Party. Another is
General Lutz Gonzaga de Oliveira Lelte,
president of the Brailian Association of
Reserve Officers; and Francisco Juliao,
a federal deputy and founder-president
of the Castroist Peasants League.
Dante Pelicani, president of the Na-
tional Federation of Industrial Workers,
and Almino Afonso, Minister of Labor in
President Goulart's Cabinet and leader
of Goulart's Brazilian Labor Party in
the Federal Chamber.
Clodsmith Riani, a Labor Ministry
functionary and chief of labor's general
strike command. Mario Shemberg, a
well known Sao Paulo physicist, and Rob-
erto Morena, who, according to Lacerda,
served as a political commissar with the
Communist forces in the Spanish civil
war.
Where did this list come from? This
list came from a list of those expected to
be In attendance, taken from the lug-
gage of Luis Carlos Prestes, secretary
general of the outlawed Brazilian Com-
munist Party, as he departed recently on
a trip to Havana, Prague,, and Moscow.
It was taken from his luggage by Carlos
Lacerda of the city where the convention
Is going to be held; namely, Rio de Janei-
ro. His public security officers were the
ones who got possession of these docu-
ments. No one has denied them. There
is not any question but what in all prob-
ability these persons named are not only
going to attend but It also gives best evi-
dence of their background and their
inclination.
Many of them are very substantial
people in the Goulart government. How
could these people maintain these posi-
tions under the Brazilian Government
setup if the President did not agree to
their receiving these positions, because
the appointive power in Brazil is with
the Executive, not even subject to con-
firmation by the legislative branch.
So these people are in the government
at least by sufferance of the President
himself.
I am not going to read in detail, but
I have in my possession a document that
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196.$ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE 4605`
reviews the history of the buildup of the
Communist Party and of Communist
subversive activities in Brazil, starting
back in April of 1960, when Francisco
Juliao, whose name I just mentioned,
and Santos Morais, accompanied the
Brazilian presidential candidate on his
visit to Cuba in April 1960,
During that visit, Juliao and Morais
had a personal meeting with Fidel Castro
in which they requested Castro's finan-
cial support for the Peasants Leagues.
Castro studied the request, and after
consultation with Che Guevara, he in-
formed Juliao that his decision was to
not support the leagues, a decision that
was due in great extent, to the observa-
tion made by Guevara that there was no
existing proof that these leagues were
organized.
In November 1960, Juliao made a visit
to Red China, where he again requested
financial assistance, this time from the
Communist Chinese government. - Juliao
obtained the promise of financial help
which would have to be channeled
through the Castro government.
The reason I am spreading this infor-
mation on the RECORD is I believe our
Government should seriously reconsider
any approval of a loan to Brazil until
Brazil shows its ability to clean out the
Communists that are known to have in-
filtrated the Brazilian Government, and
insist that Brazil withdraw recognition
of Castro's Communist government and
stop doing business with him and to side
with the forces of freedom-having op-
posed the United States at Punte del
Este and during the quarantine refus-
ing to join it.
I made a similar request that related
to Mexico the other day. Until Mexico
stops permitting the inflow of persons for
subversive purposes-including U.S. citi-
zens-through the open door of subver-
sion out of Mexico City and the Cuban
Embassy, we should not give it any aid.
Even the CIA Director himself Admitted
there were individuals going to Cuba for
training purposes in 1962, at which time
I brought out the fact, that there were
some 73 Americans as well going down
there in violation of the U.S. laws-and
unprosecuted. -
After a strong protest, that aid should
be withdrawn from Mexico until this
open door is closed.
Mr. GROSS. Mr.. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER? I yield to the gentle-
man from Iowa.
dime as long as this meeting is in the
works.
Mr. CRAMER. I thank the gentle-
man. Of course, he is an authority on
this subject, being a member of the Sel-
den subcommittee, at least to that ex-
tent, and I am glad that he placed on the
RECORD the fact that assurances were
made to that committee. This is some-
thing I did not have knowledge of my-
self, that Brazil did make assurances
that this congress would not be held,
which obviously seems to me to be a con-
dition precedent in Alliance for Progress
funds being seriously negotiated at this
time. And, I will say to the gentleman
further that I called the State Depart-
ment, Mr. Moscoso's office, and I in-
quired in regard to the Alliance for Prog-
ress funds and I tried to get some infor-
mation even in regard to what requests
had been made, and that was denied me.
As to the conditions that were being con-
sidered, they would not even discuss that.
I said, "Are you going to attempt to gain
assurances that if they get this money,
they are going to fight communism in-
stead of permitting it to grow in that
country, as part of the policy of the
United States, and what should be the
basic policy of our Alliance for Progress
funds" and I was denied any information
of any kind at that time and have re-
ceived none subsequently.
So, far as the buildup is concerned, I
could quote, for instance, from the
Worker, the Communist newspaper in
this country, on Sunday, March 17. And
that happened. to be the very weekend
that I was asking for this information,
the very weekend that the State Depart-
ment was trying to expunge from the offi-
cial records of the Selden committee the
testimony of its own Ambassador to Bra-
zil to the effect that there was infiltra-
tion in the Government, in the unions,
in the student movement. Here is what
the Worker said on that very Sunday,
March 17, when the papers reported
the fact that the State Department did
not mean what it said. This is a report
by Art Shields:
Brazil Communist Party's strength doubles
in 2 years, says Carlos Prestes.
The very man I was just referring to
who is going to this Rio conference:
Big changes are coming in Brazil, and the
Brazilian Communist Party is much in this
changing picture.
Its strength h?s doubled since 1960, says
Luis Carlos Prestes, the party's general-
secretary.
"The influence of the Communist Party
and other democratic groups is rising in the
ranks of the Brazilian Army," said Prestes,
who used to be an army colonel himself.
Further quoting from the article:
The big job internationally is to win so-
cialism with the least sacrifices. "But social-
ism" he said, "cannot be prevented." He
proudly declared, "We Brazilians are fighting
to become the second people in Latin Amer-
ica to open the door to socialism."
This was the very day the State De-
partment was trying to expunge from
the records of the Congress its own
testimony with respect to the Commu-
nist buildup in Brazil:,
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr.
Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. Yes, I yield 'to the
gentleman from Colorado.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Do I
understand that the gentleman made a
request of the State Department to give
the gentleman information as to the
amount of money we have spent in
Brazil in this Alliance for Progress
program?
Mr. CRAMER. No; that information
is readily available to everyone, includ-
ing the gentleman from Florida, and
the gentleman from Florida is well
aware of it. What I asked for was how
much they are now negotiating for; how
much have they requested? The news
reports vary as to the amount of money
involved.
I was told that I could not get this in-
formation-that I was not entitled to
it-and they would not discuss what the
Brazilian Finance Minister asked for.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. If the gen-
tleman will yield further, how long ago
was that request denied to the gentle-
man?
Mr. CRAMER. That was on Satur-
day, March 16, 1963, the very day before
this Worker article came out.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. The rea-
son I ask this is the fact that I have a
constituent who is interested in the
amount of money being proposed that
we spend in Brazil. He asked me that
question in a letter.
Has the gentleman from Florida any
information or is the gentleman going to
place i the RECORD the amount of mon-
ey t1 6-7,V,- spent heretofore in
Brazil .j
Mr. CRAMER. I will say to the gen-
tleman from Colorado if the gentleman
will look at 'my remarks of March 18,
1963, page 4189, the gentleman will see
that information, indicating that some
$450 million to date. is to be repaid by
Brazil, and they are asking for forgive-
ness on that. He is asking, according to
the press, for release of $84 million to
the $553 million U.S. aid which was giv-
en to Brazil since 1951. And according
to today's report, $55 million more is
requested as the first of three yearly
amounts.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. If the
gentleman will yield further, when the
gentleman discussed with them the ques-
tion of the request that had been made,
did they give the gentleman any sub-
stantial reasons why they would not give
the gentleman the information?
Mr. CRAMER. They said negotiations
were underway and that they had-no in-
Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman They say in the last 2 years that the
for yielding, and I wish to commend him . Peasant Union has expanded from 50,000
for the statement he has just made. For
the life of me I cannot understand how
this Government can seriously consider.
giving one thin dime to Brazil under the
circumstances that exist. The Finance
Minister of Brazil and the Ambassador of
that Government in Washington told our
subcommittee that Brazil would not hold
the Continental Congress for Cuban Soli-
darity or whatever the specific title of
that meeting, the Communist meeting in
support of Cuba. But now the meeting
is to be held, apparently, with the sanc-
tion of the Government of Brazil, and
2 years ago to 600,000 today.
Further quoting from the article:
The movement for peace, which is the
party's central issue, has made great ad-
vances.
I met Prestos when he talked to a group
of correspondents during a short visit to
Moscow.
Further quoting from the article:
Prestes gave us many details of the rising
strength of the people's forces. Thus the
Communist Party's ties with the militant
working class of Brazil have grown much
stronger since the late 1950's.
The student movement is rapidly growing.
President Kennedy and this administra- It is led by. Communists in alliance with
tion ought not to give Brazil one single members of the Catholic youth.
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formation to give, even though my re- Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr.
quest related to the request of the Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Brazilian Government at the outset of Mr. CRAMER. I am delighted to yield
the negotiations which, at least specula- to the gentleman.
tively, was printed in the press time and Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr.
time again. But a Member of Congress Speaker, I may say to the gentleman,
is not entitled to have this information. with reference to his treatment by the
Mr. Moscoso, who is in charge of the State Department, that Mr. Martin. who
Alliance for Progress administration, is Chief of the Latin American Desk in
'would not advise me as to present de- the State Department Is the same Mr.
mands or negotiations which were made
even at the outset, and this I cannot
understand.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. I shall be delighted to
yield to the gentleman from Iowa. How-
ever, permit me to say before I yield to
the gentleman that my interest is obvi-
ously not only a personal one but I be-
lieve the people of this country are en-
titled to know that information under
these circurmstances.
Mr. GROSS. I will say to the gentle-
man from Colorado that the asking price
of the Brazilians is the round figure of
$500 million-one-half billion dollars.
That is what they want.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado, Mr.
Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. I yield to the gentle-
man from Colorado.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Do I un-
derstand from testimony which is avail-
able that the asking price now by Brazil
is that they want one-half billion dollars
for next year?
Mr. GROSS. The gentleman will have
to take my word for that.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Oh; sure-
ly.
Mr. GROSS. The asking price, the
Brazilian asking price, is in round fig-
ures $500 million. This Is on top of, as
I understand it, somewhere near $1.5
billion already made available to Brazil in
various financing deals. And from the
$500 million there would be a refinanc-
Ing, as I understand it, of payments to
Soviet-bloc countries of certain short-
term credits that are due or very shortly
coming due. In other words, they would
like to obtain money from U.S. taxpay-
ers to refinance their obligations to the
Soviet-bloc countries, among other
things.
This is a rather complicated thing, but
it boils down to the asking from this
country in various ways of refinancing,
new money, and so on and so forth, ap-
proximately one-half billion dollars.
Mr. CRAMER. To substantiate what
the gentleman from Iowa says on trade
with Russia as part of the Brazilian deal
it was reported from Rio de Janerio in
the press that just before Dantas, the
Finance Secretary, came to this coun-
try to negotiate as follows: -
Brazil is about to sign a long-term $160
million-a-year trade agreement with the
Russians as part of a 8-year plan the United
States would be asked to help finance.
Martin who not too long ago stated in
hearings before our own subcommittee
of the Committee on Agriculture that
he had proceeded to carry out one pro-
gram, having to do with Brazil, by the
way, without any regard to the wishes
of the Congress or even, for that matter,
taking the trouble to bring the matter
to the attention of his superiors as un-
der the law he was supposed to do.
Mr. CRAMER. I thank the gentle-
man. I believe that the American peo-
ple are entitled to this information.
That Is why I requested it, as well as be-
cause of my concern over the statement
of the Department of State Itself to the
effect that Communist infiltration in
Brazil had reached what I would call
serious proportions and still existed,
which is found in the record of the hear-
ings of the Selden Committee.
Mr. Speaker, there has been a lot of
talk about training schools for subver-
sives in Cuba, by Castro and the Com-
munists. This report which I am plac-
ing in the RECORD gives an example in
very specific detail of how these schools
are carried on. how the students are
brought in, and even names some of the
students. They follow up their activi-
ties in Brazil, after their training.
For instance, from July 28 to August
20, a total of 52 Latin Americans at-
tended the guerrilla warfare instruction
course. Besides the 12 Brazilian stu-
dents from the Peasants Leagues there
were 12 Venezuelans, 17 Argentines, 6
Paraguayans and 5 Panamanians.
This was away back In 1991. The prin-
cipal Brazilians taking the course were
the same men who later directed the de-
velopment of the guerrilla movement of
the leagues in Brazil. They were, for
instance :
Clodomir de los Santos Morals, ex-
Deputy of the state of Pernambuco,
member of the Communist Party of Bra
zil (PCB) and the principal aide of
Francisco Julien.
Joaquin Ferreira, member of the Com-
munist Party and ex-Economist of the
"SUDENE," a state organization for the
so-called development of Northeast Bra-
zil, under the direction of Celso Fur-
tado.
Pedro Mate de Barros, leader of the
youth sector of the Communist Party
and law student in Pernambuco.
Adamastar Antonio Bonilla, one of the
secretaries of the state committee of
the Communist Party In Rio Grande
do Sol.
also known
Luiz de Carvelho
undo
,
The announcement further stated:
Government sources said they do not ex- as Palmeira, member of the Communist
pect the United States to press for curbs on Party of Pernambuco.
Iron Curtain trade which will be approxi- The instruction course was given In
mately doubled by the new agreement and Managua, a camp near Havana, where
may be increased to as much as $300 million the general headquarters of the Cuban
a year by 1965. Revolutionary Army Is situated. Maj..
Guillermo Franco was in charge of the
course. The holding of this guerrilla
course was carefully disguised, even
within Cuba. The "students of guerrilla
tactics" were presented officially as dele-
gates to the 26th of July anniversary fes-
tivities and after that date as visitors
and tourists. This was the second course
of this nature under the patronage of .
the Cubans, the first having been held
in May 1#61.
These instructions included daily rifle
practice, guerrilla maneuvers simulated
In the mountains of Los Organos, the
handling and identifications of weapons
and ideological indoctrination. The
"students" were instructed in the dis-
mounting, handling, and maintenance of
various Americah firearms, including
models M-1 and M-3, Garand, and
Hotchkiss and Browning machineguns.-
The instruction was limited to American
weapons, according to explanations of
the instructor, because they, as guer-
rillas, should capture and use the arms
of the enemy. They were familiarized
with the manufacture of "Molotov cock-
tails" and the M-26 incendiary bomb.
The instructor explained that this bomb
has been perfected by the Guevara to
be shot from a rifle.
Some theoretical classrooms were operat-
ing In Granja del Pueblo Hermance $Aiz
[Satz Brothers People Farm] under the di-
rection of Major Franco, where the "stu-
dents" attended classes. Franco, a very close
confidential friend of Fidel Castro, also held
the position of paymaster, handing out funds
for the occasional expenses of the "students."
These latter were constantly reminded that
a good revolutionary must be well indoctri-
nated In the Marxist-Leninist theories. Be-
sides Major Franco, the following members
of the Cuban Revolutionary Army acted'as
instructors: Rolando Lazaro Requeljo, An-
tonio Reins Jimenez, and Teodoro Braunn.
The Panamanians, under the direction of
Jorge Ferreira, were subjected to a special
rigorous course.
It goes on to describe the balance of
the course and how they were hidden
in the hotel and were taken out on-!a
1-day basis for the trip, so It would not
appear they were other than tourists:
The majority of the trained guerrillas re-
turned to their respective countries on
August 20, 1961, arriving on the 21st or 22d.
The plane that was to take the Brazilians,
Argentines, and Paraguayans were over-
fined, because some visitors-not "guerrilla
students'"-also had taken passage on that
plane. For this reason, those who had less
urgent needs to return remained another 2
days In Havana, as tourists, leaving on a
second Cuban plane on August 22. This
plane also transported the Uruguayan dele-
gation. The plane returned via Port of
Spain, reaching S&o Paulo on August 23.
The Brazilians who landed on this occasion
were arrested by the police, charged with
carrying subversive propaganda. But they
were set free, together with the propaganda,
on the same day. -
After the resignation of Janio Quadros in
August 1961, and the absence of a subse-
quent revolution. Fidel Castro decided that
he should give massive financial support to
the peasants leagues in Brazil-
And that is what has been happening-
transforming the revolutionary sector of the
leagues into a liaison agent for the Brazilian
revolution in the same manner as his group
had acted for the Cuban Revolution. In the
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4607
meanwhile Juliao would continue his preach- spearheading a violent revolutionary move- Joaquin Ferreira, member of the Commu-
ing that the leagues constituted an organi- ment with the objective of overthrowing the nist Party and ex-Economist of the "Sudene"
zation whose objective was to better the Government of Brazil. (a state organization for the so-called de-
status of the peasants. Juliao returned to Brazil at the end of velopment of Northeast Brazil, under the
They set up a general headquarters in December 1960, and immediately left for direction of Celso Furtado).
Re They at u216 p Reneral eadqu. These in Cuba in order to attend the celebration of Pedro Mate de Barros, leader of the youth
headquarters cite, consist of the following the second anniversary of the Cuban Revolu- sector of the Communist Party and law
tion. When he returned later to Brazil, he student in Pernambuco.
personnel. I will put those names in selected Clodomir Morals to head the revolu- Adamastar Antonio Bonille, one of the see-
the RECORD. ' tionary groups of Peasants' Leagues, while retaries of the state committee of the Com-
They went on with the initiation of he acted as the figurehead tf an organiza- munist Party in Rio Grande do Sol.
the establishment of Peasants' Leagues tion ostensibly dedicated to the peaceful Armando Luiz de Carvalho, also known as
Councils in several states of Brazil. The promotion of interests of the Brazilian farm- Palmeira, member of the Communist Party
name of the head of this movement he ers. In his speeches and statements to the of Pernambuco.
maintain contact with the Cuban moveo press in the beginning of 1961, Juliao said The instruction course was given in Man-
-
ment and the description of these ac- Brazilian Party andt thee P.T.B. Brazilian headquarters of near theHavana
Cuban Revolutionary
tivities likewise will be in the RECORD. Workers' Party, presided by Joao Goulart Army is situated. Maj. Guillermo Franco
Quoting again: and the Communist Party would be able to was in charge of the course. The holding of
Morals began the supervision of the pur- unite in their efforts to bring about agrarian this guerrilla course was carefully disguised,
chase of a number of farms in which guer- reform through peaceful means. When he even within Cuba. The "students of guer-
rilla training could be held. In each one of was reminded of the belligerent nature of rills tactics" were presented officially as dele-
these farms, Morals placed a director who communism, Juliao answered the reporter gates to the 26th of July anniversary festivi-
was responsible for this training. In October by stating that "communism is different 111 ties. and after that date, as visitors and tour-
1962 six separate locations existed, in Goiss, Brazil." its. This was the second course of this
Maranhao, Matto Grosso, Estado de Bahis, While Clodomir Morals was engaged in the nature under the patronage of the Cubans,
Rio, and Rio Grande de Sul. During the work of the basic organization of establish- the first having been held in May 1961.
previous year, at least two other farms were ing the mechanism of guerrilla warfare, These instructions include daily rifle prac-
closed down. One in Matto Grosso, and the Julian alternated his tasks between making tice, guerrilla maneuvers simulated in the
other in Parana. At the end of 1961, the di- speeches in favor of the Leagues and travel- mountains of Los Organos, the handling and
rector of the Dianopolis Farm in the State ing between Brazil and Cuba. In 1961 identifications of weapons and ideological
of Goias, was Amaro Luiz de Carvalho, known Juliao made three trips to Cuba. In June Indoctrination. The students were in-
by the name of "Palmeira," member of the and July of that year, Morals selected 11_ structed in the dismounting, handling, and
Brazilian Communist Party of Pernambuco, members of the Peasants' Leagues to ac- maintenance of various American firearms,
company him to Cuba, where they were including models M-1 and M-3, Garand and
It goes further through the buildup of taken for a specialized course in guerrilla Hatchkiss and Browning machineguns. The
the Peasant League movement, how they warfare. Instruction was limited to American weap-
operate, the training they receive, the This group of 13 Brazilians left Recife on ons, according to explanations of the in-
contact they have not only with the July 21, 1961. They traveled together with structor, because they, as guerrillas, should
Cuban Embassy but the-Embassies from a group of Argentines and Paraguayans In a capture and use the arms of the enemy.
Russia and Red China and Communists Britannia plane chartered specially by the They were familiarized with the manufac-
from throughout the world as well, made as stopu toRio do Janeiro tohtake on cendiary bomb. eTheaiinst uctore explained I think you will find this heretofore other passengers, also making another stop that this bomb has been perfected by Che
unpublished documentation in detail of at Port of Spain, for refueling before land- Guevara to be shot from a rifle.
the buildup in the Peasant's League, a ing on July 22, at the Jose Marti airport in Same theoretical classrooms were operat
Communist organization in Brazil not Havana. ing in (Granja del Pueblo Hermanos Satz)
only interesting reading but essential in- The group were welcomed and shown (Satz Brothers People Farm) under the di-
around formation in connection with this con- stitute by representatives h Nations (ICAp) attendediclassses. FFranco, aovery closet con-
sideration of a loan to Brazil at this an organization which ostensibly promoted fidential friend of Fidel Castro, also held
time. This entire history of the League the trip. The group pretended to be mem- the position of paymaster, handing out
from which I have taken excerpts ap- bers of the Brazilian delegation to attend funds for the occasional expenses of the
pear at the end of my remarks. This the 26 of July celebrations. students. These latter were constantly re-
comes from a source I consider beyond They were lodged in the hotel Riviera minded that a good revolutionary must be
question-and related to known incidents in Havana. During the. first few days they well indoctrinated in the Marxist-Leninist
reported to the press and from other took an active.part in all the various festiv- theories. Besides Major Franco, the follow-
sources. ities commemorating the 26th of July anni- ing. members of the Cuban Revolutionary
versary. On the afternoon of July 24, a Army acted as instructors: Rolando Lazaro
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE reception was held in honor of the Soviet's Requeijo, Antonio Reina Jimenez and
COMMUNIST PEASANTS' LEAGUES IN BRAZIL- cosmonaut, Maj. Yuri Gagarin, who was Teodoro Braunn. The Panamanians, under
PROOF OF SUBVERSION IN BRAZIL visiting Cuba, followed by a public dance, the direction-of Jorge Ferreire, were sub-
Deputies Francisco Juliao and Clodomir de that night. On July 25, a sports parade was jected to a special rigorous course.
los Santos Morals accompanied the Brazilian held; the following day, the 26th, a huge When the other students asked why this
presidential candidate, Janfo Cuadros on his public- demonstration was held and on the special treatment for the Panamanians, they
visit to - Cuba in April 1960. During that 27th, the visitors were taken on a tour of were informed that the group from Panama
visit, Juliao and Morals had a personal meet- Cuban beaches in Havana. On the night were being prepared to act as saboteurs in
ing with Fidel Castro in which they re- of July 28, ? together with a representa- the Panama Canal Zone.
quested Castro's financial support for the tives from other Latin American countries, In order to maintain their appearances as
Peasants' Leagues. Castro studied the re- the Brazilian left the hotel and riding in tourists, the students returned to the point
quest, and after consultation with Che official Cadillac cars they were taken to the of their departure, the Havana Riviera
Guevara, he informed Juliao that his de- instruction camps for guerrilla warfare, Hotel. While there, they told everyone who
cision was not to support the Leagues, a de- where they were divided in nationality groups asked that they had been visiting the in-
cision that was due in great extent, to the and lodged in different instruction centers. terior of the island on a tourist jaunt. The
observation made by Guevara that there was From July 28 to August 20, a total of 52 students in the hotel made contact with
no existing proof that these Leagues were Latin Americans attended the guerrilla war- delegations 'of Czechs, Russians, and Red
organized. fare Instruction course. Besides the 12 Chinese, who. were introduced to them as
In November 1960, Juliao made a visit to Brazilian students from the peasants leagues, "technicians." The guerrilla students had
Red China, where he again requested finan- there were 12 Venezuelans, 17 Argentines, 6 little contact with these visitors from the
cial assistance, this time from the Commu- Paraguayans and 5 Panamanians. Iron Curtain because they remained aloof
nist Chinese Government. Juliao obtained The principal Brazilians taking the course and unfriendly, limiting their encounters
the promise of financial help which would were the same men who later directed the to more social amenities.
have to be channeled through the Castro development of the guerrilla movement of On completing the course, the Brazilian
government. This financial aid would not the leagues in Brazil. They were told that they had passed the
be extended under the heading of support following: Y were the course with exceptional eveme ttthe and as a to the rural organizations led by Juliao in Clodomir de los Santos Morals, ex-Deputy beregiven the honr of an Informal meetin
mium for - this achievement they would
Pernambuco, but would be for the purpose ' of the State of Pernambuco, member of the with Fidel Castro i in the Cienega de Zapats
of. creating and developing the guerrilla Communist Party of Brazil (PCB) and the where they were taken in Fidel's personal
groups in Brazil which would be capable of principal aid of Francisco Julis9.o. helicopter. Castro congratulated them on
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 4608
Approved For Reletb a RMN iElf 00Wg20200220026-0 March. 25
the splendid results they obtained from the
course, relating some of his own experiences
as a guerrilla fighter and entered into the
discussion of the political scene In Latin
America. He exhorted them not to be de-
ceived by apparent measures of agrarian re-
form, such as those proposed by Janio
Quadros. of Brazil, but to continue fighting
for revolutionary and radical reforms.
The majority of the trained guerrillas re-
turned to their respective countries on
August 20, 1961 arriving on the 21st or 22nd.
The plane that was to take the Brazilians,
Argentines and Paraguayans. was over-filled
because some visitors-not "guerrilla stu-
dents"--also had taken passage on that
plane. For this reason, those who had less
urgent needs to return, remained another
2 days In Havana. as tourists, leaving on a
second Cuban plane on August 22. This
plane also transported the Uruguayan delega-
tion. The plane returned via port of Spain,
reaching Sao Paulo on August 23. The
Brazilians who landed on this occasion were
arrested by the police, charged with carrying
subversive propaganda. But they were set
free together with the propaganda on the
same day.
After the resignation of Janio Quadros in
st 1961 and the absence of a subsequent
...
gu
b
del Castro ct one give
hild n left Brazil
- ---
n
-
. c
revoltl Pion, a '
should give massive financial support to the aides representatives of other Embassies of Cuba, Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, Red
Peasants Leagues, transforming the revolu- _ the Communist bloc, such as Ludwick Nekar China, and North Korea. Alexina acted- as
tionary sector of the leagues into a liaison of the Chech Embassy, were occasional vie- messenger for the leagues, which she had
agent for the Brazilian revolution in the itors to Regina's apartment, generally for frequently done in Brazil. On this trip she
same manner as his group bad acted for the the purpose of meeting Julien and Morals. spoke to Mao Tse-tung, giving him informa-
Cuban revolution. in the meanwhile. Julian These two, during a certain period, frequently tion on conditions existing in Brazil, all of
would continue his preaching that the spent the night in Regina s apartment; later, this mission was confided to her by Morals.
leagues constituted an organization whose fearing that their activities might be under Alexina told Mao that the leagues counted
objective was to better the status of the scrutiny, Jultdo changed his temporary resi- on the support of many high ranking officers
peasants. In this Interim, the major part dence in Rio for the home of Osny Duarte of the army; that the leagues were in pos-
of Cuban money poured In for the organiza- Ferreira. Magistrate of the Court of Appeals, session of arms, munitions and money nec-
tion of guerrilla lighters. Julilfo and Morals 5. Morals began the supervision of the weary to explode a violent revolution. When
decided to adopt the following measures tta purchase of a number of farms In which Alexina returned from China and related
give shape l the leagues: guerrilla training could be hejd. In each what she had toed Mao to various members
o In To enlarge the general headquarters one of there farms. Morals placed a director of the leagues her statements caused a great
1
Sf treet. the These leagues he headquarters at 216 consist of the Respiole who was responsible for this training. In feeling of animosity against Morals among
S October 1962 six separate locations existed leaders of the leagues. In the opinion of
foFra nncisco g Juliapersonnel: in Coils, Mornhfa, Matto Grosso, Estado de these dissatisfied leaders, the optimism of
Ma ie Ceares n: Honorary Novels: president. Secretary Bahia. Rio. and Rio Grande do Sul. During Morals had cost them valuable financial sup-
(also Nova the previous year, at least two other farms port from Red China.
(also consulting attorney In the Economic were closed down. One in Matto Grosso, and In January 1982, the Brazilian Army dis-
Departrnent jr SUque Sore. the other In Parana. At the end of 1961, covered that arms, manufactured in Czecho-
Jor the director of the Dianapolis Farm in the Slovakia were being introduced into the
Joss6 e Severino no Cunha. State of Goias, was Amaro Luis de Carvalbo, country for distribution, possibly among the
Dc ee Megalhaes Flembero: the known by the name of "Palmeire." member peasant Leagues.
cRecife attorney and member of the state of the Brazilian Communist Party of Pernam- On the 22d of April, Juliao issued a state-
Pernambuco). rnm the Communist Party of buco. ment of his convictions In his "Declaration
En,unanuel de Araujo. Later, this farm was turned over to Carlos de Ouro Preto," in which he said that the
Rlvadavia is Braz az de Oliveira: : One of the Montalrroyo. The Farm of Narnhao was Brazilians should aspire toward giving their stant
liv group trained in the guerrilla warfare directed by Caarvamoo o through Veto. his assirm In lives for the creation o1 the new society, which The would " dawn."
course in Managua, Cuba. Parenk was directed by Dniz Cabrel Filho, On April 30, 1962, the Communists Jaos
Ser 2. Is t a n los Santos. another longtime member of the U.B.E.S. Amazonas de Sore, Pedroso and Mauricio
2. Initiation of the establishment ehmal states who joined the leagues. The Grabols arrived In Havana to participate
ants Leagues various Councils In several states procured Grande do Sul was the supervision at Rio ostensibly in the celebration of Labor Day,
Brazil. In edri the regions, Juliao -xtu edent ar nl wass under Secretary ton of
but this was only a pretext to cover their
and obtained the support of eaelib a- B te Co Committee of ~nBrazilian ~Cm mum the
real objectives. They both attended the le. tCouncil 19 of the Peasant the ethe
Leagues. was Party of Rio Grande do Sul. guerrilla course. In the middle of August
tive t Leagues, was Y
Tarzan de Castro, 25 years of age, who had 6. Morals continued in his purpose to re- 1982, two more Communists, Carlos Danielli
formerly presided over the Brazilian Union of cruit candidates for guerrilla Instructots se- and Angelo Arroyo arrived in Cuba to take
High School Students Jarbes lecting from them a group which was to be the same course.
Miranda de Santana, ex-president of the sent to Cuba for intensified training. In a At the end of May 1962, Pedro Mots, de
was made head of the Deliberative general way, the procedure covering the trip Banos, another member of the leagues, who t
train Council of the Leagues In 1961. to this g oup thew Peas Peasant Leagues trained rin camp iInnMana ua,sleft B the aziiluonna tripi to
the S. Formation tieof h through movement which to recruits serve for Managua, Cuba. The candidate traveled to establish links between Juliao and other
sector c training was conducted. This or- or- Cuba as a delegate from Brazil to one of the Communists revolutionaries throughout
guerrilla u convert
ganizatlon was known as Movimiento Revo- many Cuban anniversaries. Frequently he Latin America, Mota de Barros visited Chile,
lucionarto Triadentes (MRT) (Triadentes stayed at one of the best hotels in Havana, - Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, where
al Interviews n
pa he
Revolutionary Movement). The two princi- and etd henbihis training in Havana itself with him in revolutionaries who
pal recruiting uiting deicers of the MRT were both began support they could
mfr Morals and Joaquin Ferreira Fstho, both or in nearby surroundings. After approxi- asked them what type of supp Y
had attended the guerrilla course in Mons- mately 1 or 2 months training, the candidate give to the leagues and what could the
gua, Cuba. Later the MRT was transferred to returned and began to put into practice in leagues give to them.
the offices of La Liga, the official newspaper one of the farms belonging to the leagues, In the beginning of July 19622, the farm in
of the Peasants Leagues, directed by Julleo, the new technique just learned. - Parana was closed after one of the men who
and managing director. Antonio Avertano. Morals and Ferreira attempted to evaluate had been trained in Cuba, was mortally
La Liga leases the buildings 1001 and each candidate before final acceptance and wounded by local farmers. The victim was
1002. situated at No. 15 Alaino Guanabera
Street.
4. Julien established an agency In Rio do
Janeiro in order to maintain contact with
the Cuban Embassy. Regina Coelho de Al-
burquerque and Nivea Borges do Brazil, were
In charge of the agency. Regina Coelho's
apartment in Avenida Rainhe Elizabeth No.
887, became a frequent meeting place for the
Leagues as well as a nightly stop-over for
h e traveling
war
providing (seining. Before being invited to
join the leagues, the candidate was usually
subjected to a test on several questions to be
answered, such as: .
Do you believe _in a social revolution for
Brazil?
Would you swear to dedicate yourself, even
at the expense of your own life, to the suc-
cess of your objective?
Have you any other interests which would
Interfere with the bringing about reforms for
members of the League w o
country?
Regina Coelho was the recipient of all cor- your
you consider It advantageous in the
respondence and verbal messages of rep- event of having to take part in guerrilla war-
immeatives arriving In Rio de Janeiro. She in order to introduce these reforms in
immediately contacted Wives Borges do Brazil fare
. Br fare In
passing on all Information received; on On November 8. 1961, Joaquin HernAndea
member ber o hhe bans Borges contacted the a Armas, new Cuban Ambassador in Brazil, pre-
other member of the Cuban Embassy, usually was in sented his credentials to President Goulart.
Third Secretary. Ana Sin uant ion. wa- Already at this time, the Ambassador was
formed ce the matter to qu urges do Brazil aware that his government was giving sup-ember In for Cuba 19to Borges special in- port to the guerrilll groups of the leagues.
left cur Cuba In order to receive special in- On December 8. 1061, when the major num-
ration clandestine activities, in preps- ber of the farms were being opened, the
ratian for becoming the intermediary be- translation by Mauricio Gabais, of Che
torten the L and the a caution ambassy. Guevaa's book, "The War of Guerrillas," was
d hstandinge the extreme cuseer- published. This book became the basic man-
cisesed by the personnel of the Cuban Em- ual for all guerrilla activities undertaken in
bassy to separate Regina and use Nives as in- the farms belonging to the leagues.
termediary. at times Regina was invited to On December 27, 1961, Alexina Line Crespo
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
-19-year-old Antonio Thiago Filho. Upon in reality a member of the Cuban Secret
learning of this assassination, Morals In- Service in Brazil, acting under the pretext
structed the leaders of the farm to bury the of his post of cultural counselor of the
young man and to close the farm, without Cuban Embassy. At times, Brugueras had
giving the news of his death for publication. two other assistants-"cultural attaches,"
In August 1962, the revolutionary plot of Felix Pita and Arturo Garcia Rodriguez.
the Peasant Leagues began to appear. The They maintained constant contact with
first incident took place in Pernambuco when Morais and occasionally with Juliao.
Joel Arruda Camara and Manuel Tertuliano, Haroldo Hall, representative of "Prensa
brother of Juliao, and 12 other members of Latina" in Rio de Janeiro, also helped Bru-
the leagues were arrested by the Brazilian gueras in his contact with the Leagues.
Fourth Army. When arrested, they had in Brugueras directed the Cuban subversive
their possession documents revealing guer- operations which involved Brazilian Com-
rilla operations plans prepared against rural munist organizations, through the media-
properties located in nearly 30 municipal dis- tion of such well-known Communists as
tricts of Pernambuco. Juliao reacted by Mullis Bandsire, Joeo Amazonas and Mau-
stating that the imprisonment and the docu- rico Grabios. In July 1962 Brugueras ac-
ments were part of a lie created by reaction- _ companied a group of Brazilians on a trip
aries against the leagues, and sent a telegram to Cuba to attend the celebration of the
to President Goulart, protesting the Army's 26th of July anniversary. On August 24,
action. 1962, Brugueras accompanied the Cuban
The second public manifestation took place Ambassador, Josquin Hernandes Armas, to
in August when Rivadavia Bras de Olivera, Goisnis, where the Ambassador addressed the
the same person who attended the training law school. On this occasion, Brugueras met
course in Managua, together with Atauslpa with Tarsan do Castro, head of the Delibera-
Alves de Lima and Jose Bartolomeu de Souza, tive Council of the Peasants Leagues of
were served with a prison warrant in an Golse. This meeting between Brugueras and
office belonging to the leagues in Rio de Castro is referred to in one of the documents
Janeiro, situated on 496 Russel Street, apart- found in the wreckage of the plane which
ment 803, which had been rented by Paulo crashed in Lima. Brugueras and Tarsan
Bezerra de Andrade, and, employee of the maintained frequent meetings to discuss the
newspaper A Lig, official organ of the actions of Morals, with which they were not
Peasant Leagues. On that occasion a large in accord. Later, they continued their fre-
quantity of Communist propaganda was quent meetings to dic,cuss the disagreements
found in the office. occurring in the Leagues during the last 6
The third manifestation of this revolution- months of 1962. Brugueras wrote two letters
ary plot was the discovery of one of the farms to his chief (Petronio) in the Cuban Gov-
of the leagues in Dianopolis, in the State ernment in 1962, explaining the then exist-
of Goies on November 23, 1962. Guerrilla op- ing conditions in the Leagues, signing them
eration plans, again were occupied, with his pseudonym, "Gerardo." Brugueras
Temporary imprisonment was decreed gave the two dispatches, with a copy of a
against 26 members of the leagues by Judge letter in which he complained of the actions
Moreira 1farquez. Among these were Clo- of Clodomiro Morals to the postal messen-
domir dos Santos Morals, Amaro Luiz de ger, Raul Capero Bonilla, who presided
Carvalho and Joaquin Ferriers Filho, all of Cuban delegation in the recent Congress of
whom hadbeen trained in Managua, Cuba. the FAO, held in the Copacobana Palace
Besides these, another training companion Hotel, shortly before the delegation departed
was included, Clovis Jose Estevez de Souze. on their ill-fated journey. These dispatches
The fourth manifestation was the impris- have been recovered, the material referred to
onment of Clodomir dos Santos Morals, Celia showing subversion in Brazil has been sum-
4609
Goulart's Inauguration is the National In-
dustrial Workers Confederation which unites
most industrial unions in the country.
Sr. Goulart personally intervened in the
last CNTI election on behalf of the Com-
munist-backed slate led by Dante Pelecani.
Sr. Goulart named Francisco Mangabeira,
an extreme leftwing nationalist son of the
Justice Minister, to be president of Petro-
bras, the Government oil monopoly.. Petro-
bras is the largest single firm in Brazil.
"Watermelons" (green outside, red inside),
a term used here to describe fellow travelers,
hold many lesser posts in the Government.
NO VETS
Congress has no control over composition
of the cabinet or choice of government
agency directors. It can summon ministers
to give an accounting but cannot veto nom-
inations.
Sr. Goulart's Brazilian Labor Party has as-
sisted election of Communists to Congress.
Communist Party leader Luis Carlos Prestes
says the current Congress contains 17 Com-
munists. Most ran with PTB backing.
There were only 16 Communists in the
Federal Legislature at the time the Party
was outlawed in 1948. Sr. Prestes, then a
senator, was among those who lost his man-
date. The Party still is officially illegal but
operates openly without interference.
It is feared in democratic circles here that
Sr. Goulart is riding a tiger. Leftist forces
around him could cause considerable trouble
and possibly destroy his austerity program
if they decided to actively oppose it.
Finance Minister Francisco San Tiago Dan-
tas, now In the United States for money talks,
has already run up against leftist criticism
which, for the nonce, is being held in check
by Sr. Goulart.
All efforts to bar Commmuists from the
armed forces and Government jobs have been
thwarted.
The latest attempt was a bill written by
Social Democratic Party (PSD) Deputy Men-
des de Morals. It was killed in committee.
NAMELESS
transporting a shipment of arms to members secret because-it documents Communist ac- Cuban revolution Communists sympathizers
ti at in Brazil.
of the leagues; he carried .a visiting card, of tivities in Brazil. The have Prestes'increased ssix-fold
Antale Chardin, chief of the consular sec- eme may be high, there is
tion of the Soviet Union Embassy on which NOT EVEN THE REDS FORESAW THEIR RISE TO sympathizers iethat in there
Brazil are todMore Comm
today than a ier
ay than ever
Chadrin had written a note apologizing for POWER failing to keep an appointment with Juliao. before.
Celia Lima, who had been traveling com- (By Louis R. Stein) And, if Sr. Prestes had spoken the whole
Celia of Morals for some time, was more RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL.-Brazilian Com- truth he would have added that the bulk of ion than just a companion. me time
, included monists wield more power today than they the new strength yearns for revolt instead
had
her in his guerrilla activities, giving her the would have dreamed of when President Joao of a silent revolution through subversive in-
Revolutionary Development, situated in a The man most responsible for giving a leg The mellowed chief of the bloody 1935
house in the northern zone of Rio de Janeiro, up to the Communists is the President him- revolution now professes to believe the Com-
where courses ranging from ideological in- self. munists can eventually bring off a bloodless
where doctrination to sabotage were held. Sr. Goulart has named numerous Commu- coup In Brazil. -
The fifth and most recent manifestation of nists and fellow traveling nationalists to key Sr. Prestes wrote the 1958 party manifesto
the guerrilla activities is the contents of the administration jobs and facilitated election laying down a new nationalistic, anti-Amer-
documents found in the wreckage of the of Communist slates in labor unions formerly ican policy to bring the party into line with
Varig plane which crashed near Lima, Peru, controlled by more conservative leaders. Nikita Khrushchev's program of subver-
on November 27, 1962. The documents will Yet anyone in Brazil will tell you the sion as opposed to revolution.
explain many of the leagues' problems, in President is not a Communist. The new line split the party the development of their guerilla capacity as The 15-man Cabinet 'contains three no- the formation of several deviatio istfgroups.
well as their overall program. torious Marxists: Hermes Lima, Foreign The strongest of these is led by veterans Joao
Beginning in 1962, many of the Leagues' Minister; Joa Mangabeira, Justice and In- Amazonas and Mauricio Grabois.
leaders commenced complaining about the tenor Minister, and Almino Afonso, Labor Their weekly newspaper Classe Operaria
activities of Morals, accusing him of dedi- Minister. Two doubtfuls in the Cabinet are gives extensive play to Chinese communism
eating more importance to his own interests Celso Furtado, Minister for Planning who and ignores Russia except to criticize the
than to those of the Leagues; of not con- was a Communist in his youth, and Jose Kremlin. So does the weekly Politico Oper-
cerning himself with the welfare of the Ermirto de Moraes, millionaire industrialist aria, published by the Frente Operaria, an-
Leagues' members, and what is even more who financed the election campaign of other splinter group.
important, of diverting funds given by the Miguel Arraes, Communist governor of the
Cuban Government for promoting guerrilla northeastern State of Pernambuco. the The Chinese and Castare flooding
activities, for his own personal use. DECLARED traits country unfailingly with propaganda. nda Castro plies
During the development of the Peasants Raul Riff, Sr. Goulart's press secretary, is and metingsof hea revolutionary rallies
Leagues, the Cuban Embassy in Rio de a self-declared Communist. Evandro Linso leagues, led by self-proclaimed Marxist
Janeiro, constantly directed their activities. Silva, director of the presidential secretariat, Deputy Francisco Juliao.
The official of the Cuban Embassy, prin- is closely linked with the Communists. In his latest comment on the supject Sr.
cipally responsible for the operations of the The most important labor organization Juliao said, "The only way out for the op-
Leagues, was Miguel Brugueras del Valle, taken over by the Communists since Sr. pressed masses is armed struggle."
No. 45-13
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 4610
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March S-5
No one in Brazil could hope to mount a
successful coup without control of the
armed forces.
The Communists know this. Leftwing
nationalist officers also appear to realize it.
. Hence, both groups are courting the non-
commissioned officers.
Sr. Juliao flatly stated recently that "we
expect to carry out our revolution with the
help of the sergeants in the armed forces."
BRASS
The importance of the noncoms as an
emerging new power within the armed forces
was stressed recently by thepresence of high
brass sitting down front at a noncommis-
sioned officers meeting.
On hand were: Admiral Pedro Araujo
Suzan, navy minister; Brig. Reynaldo de
Carvalho, air minister; Gen. Osvtno Ferreira
Alves, first army commander; Admiral Can-
dido Aragao, marine corps commander.
The generals applauded political speeches
by noncoms who criticized Congress and the
courts. The military code actually prohibits
any person in uniform from making political
statements.
All the ofcezs present were leftwing na-
tionalist supporters of President Goulart.
Fellow officers call Admiral Arsgao'a Com-
munist while General Alves proclaimed at a
public gathering that he and fellow traveling
Labor Minister Afonso "have the same ide-
ology."
Several sergeants were elected last October
to state assemblies with nationalist and
Communist backing and one was sent to the
Federal House of D?puties-
Although the electoral ]awe require drat
they resign from the service before they may
be seated they are fighting in the courts to
retain their military status while serving as
congressmen.
BEAMLIAN ENVOY GIVING EXPLANATION
Brazil's Ambassador Roberto Campos today
said his hour-long talk with Under Secre-
tary of State George W. Ball yesterday had
"helped to clarify unwarranted misunder-
standings" of a U.S. charge that Communists
had infiltrated the governm*nt of President
Joao Goulart.
But the Brazilian envy Sternly warned
that "one should be extr'mely careful In
making these accusations."
The controversy has cart a shadow over a
visiting mission's efforts to get UB. aid for
Brazil's 3-year multimillion-dollar economic
reconstruction program.
WITHDRAWAL OF MOST-FAVORED-
NATION TREATMENT FROM COM-
MUNIST YUGOSLAVIA AND PO-
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under Yugoslav value of the finished manufac- nedy has been unable to withdraw most-
previous order of the House, the gentle- tured product, it is no wonder that do- favored-nation treatment from only 2
man from Indiana [Mr. HARVEY] Is rec- mestic zinc sheet manufacturers virtu- Communist countries in 5 months.
ognized for 30 minutes. ally have been put out of business and Are we Members of Congress going
(Mr. HARVEY of Indiana asked and that domestic zinc strip manufacturers resident disre-
nothing while the the President of the
tend given permissior to revise and ex- probably will suffer the same fate if the do taros the explicit
tend his remarks and include tables.) President does not act at once to require and American industries are being
Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr. Communist Yugoslav products to be law
Speaker, on February 26 I brought to the assessed the same full-duty rates as the ruined by mport competition from Corn-
attention of the House the fact that our other Communist countries.
Zinc strip produrid in the United States
Production
(in tons)
Sales
_
(A) (B)
Tonnage Dollars
Exports
(in tons)
Average
number of
employees
Man-hours
expended
Average
hourly
pay to
employees
Approx-
imate fringe
cost per
paid hour
Average
total hourly
labor cost
Labor cost
as percent
of cost of
finished
roduct
Dollars of
profit (loss)
on these
items
1959--------------------------
1980-.._-_----?--------??-----
--- _. -. ---------------
1961
1962-....--------------------
32,364
30.843
81.902
83,924
$2,271 $10,773,634
30,433 10,823.587
31.890 11,025,928
34,056 11,633,416
1,052
637
781
1,016
242
229
236
770
469,718
ffi2.673
407,891
406,171
62.37
2.44
2.47
2.56
$0.48
.49
.5164
.
$2.85
2.93
2.98
8.10
14.55
14.63
13.70
67
13.
$505,347
(73,197)
(98,273)
116,920
President has not taken the action
which section 231 of the Trade Expan-
sion Act clearly requires him to take.
Section 231 requires that the President
shall withdraw most-favored nation
treatment from Communist Yugoslavia
and Poland and require that the prod-
ucts of these countries be dutiable at the
same full duty rates as the other Com-
munist countries. Although this is a
matter of principle more than anything
else, I want the House to understand
that It is not just a demand for action
based on legality alone, but that the
factual situation is such that serious in-
jury Is being caused to domestio indus-
tries because of the failure of the Presi-
dent to act in accordance with the
explicit requirement of the statute.
There are two rolled zinc plants in In-
diana. One is located in Greencastle
and the other In Muncie. These plants
manufacture zinc sheet and zinc strip.
There Is substantial production of zinc
strip by these plants. Formerly there
was substantial production of zinc sheet
but imports now have ruined the zinc
sheet business in this country. In 1962
more than half of the Imports of zinc
sheet were of Yugoslavian origin. These
foreign zinc sheet imports had an av-
erage declared foreign value in 1962 of
only 12.1 cents per pound-less than the
price which my constituents must pay
for the metal from which to manufac-
ture zinc strip and zinc sheet. In 1952
imports of zinc sheet represented a
quantity equivalent to only 1 percent of
domestic Industry production. For 1962
zinc sheet imports represented a quan-
tity equivalent to 48 percent of domestic
industry production. I am presenting
zinc sheet Import statistics and not zinc
strip import statistics because the Bu-
reau of the Census only collects data on
zinc sheet imports. Zinc strip imports
are in a category with a number of other
products even though Interestingly
enough, zinc strip production is many
times that of zinc sheet.
Employees in rolled zinc plants in my
State, I am pleased to say, are well paid.
Their wages are more than eight times
the wages paid in metal industries In
Communist Yugoslavia. With a situa-
Under the circumstances, I ask you,
why does not the President act? Even if
the law were discretionary and he only
had authority to act to assist an Ameri-
can industry confronted with ruinous
import competitidn from Communist
Yugoslavia, you would think he would
act. But this is not a discretionary mat-
ter. The law clearly requires that the
President shall take this action. He has
not acted, and he has given no indication
of when he is going to act. This is one
of the greatest affronts Congress has
ever received from a President. A law is
passed which the President signs, and
then he does not act as the law specifi-
cally provides that he shall act.
New, let us be completely fair about
the matter and see if there is any basis
for the President failing to act. In 1951
in the Trade Agreements Extension Act
the same language was used to require
the President to withdraw most-f avored-
nation treatment from countries which
are members of the world Communist
movement. This involved 13 countries
and yet President Truman was able to
complete action and issue the necessary
directives within 2 months-August 3,
1951, Proclamation No. 2935, 16 Federal,
Register 7635, and 16 Federal Register
7637. You see, most-favored-nation
treatment was not withdrawn from Yu-
goslavia and Poland at that time because
it was determined that these countries,
while Communist countries, were not
members of the world Communist move-
ment but Instead, so-called independent
Communist countries-an interesting re-
finement and'-distinction.
Because of this distinction and the fact
that most-favored-nation treatment was
not withdrawn from Yugoslavia and Po-
land under the 1951 act, it was necessary
to include an additional provision in the
1962 act which directed that most-
faltored-nation treatment be withdrawn
from any Communist country irrespec-
tive of whether or not the country is a
member of the world Communist move-
ment.
Five months have now elapsed since
the effective date of the law. Only two
countries are involved and yet the Presi-
dent has not acted. President Truman
was able to withdraw most-favored-na-
Source: Rolled Zinc Manufacturers Association.
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