CUBAN REFUGEES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220009-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: February 27, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

1963
r - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX A1061
fects" program here last July to establish a
new quality standard for the aerospace
industry.
The General Electric Co., sent men here
to study the Martin program which aims to
-get it done right the first time. They were
so impressed by the program and its results
that they worked out a similar program and
launched it this week with a bang on Mon-
day. Senators SALTONSTALL and KENNEDY
and Massachusetts Governor Peabody were
on hand for the launching of the project.
Success of the original "zero defects" pro-
gram. here at the Martin Co., has attracted
international attention and has been used
widely as a basis for similar projects. High
praise for the Orlando plan has dome from
such well-known firms' as Rolls-Royce, Ltd.
"The `zero defects' program is the best I
have yet seen," said a Rolls-Royce official.
The Martin Co. is delighted with the suc-
cess of the program. Plant rejects have
been cut by an unbelievable 25 percent,and
scrap costs have been 'slashed a hefty 30
percent. In employees have been
setting new high records for perfection.
Typical is the record of one on-the-line em-
ployee who has hand soldered more than
4,000 electrical- connections for the Bullpup
missile since last August without a single
defect. The program emphasizes the im-
portance of the work of every employee high
and low and a spirit of pride is instilled in
every member of the great Martin team. .
The "zero defects" Idea has caught on
With the suppliers and subcontractors of
Martin with most gratifying results. An
eXample is the Dev-Tek Corp. of Orlando
which has delivered 32,500 printed circuits
without a single reject.
And this ambitious program which sets
perfection as its achievable goal has done
much to strengthen the Nation mite de-
fense effort while saving untold dollars for
the American taxpayer. The more this proj-
ect is copied the more value it will be to
-the Nation.
ZERO DEFECTS PROGRAM SCORES
The Orlando division of Martin Co. has
"announced the results of its quality assur-
ance program-"zero defecits." The program
was originated by Martin-the aerospace di-
vision of Martin Marietta Corp.-just 7
months ago.
Because of its tremendous success in terms
of higher quality, lower rejects, and time
and money saved by elimination of consider-
able rework, the "zero defects" program is
rapidly being picked up by other aerospace
companies and the military services.
Since July 1962 when Martin-Orlando
kicked off the "zero defects" program with
its more than 10,000 defense Industry em-
ployees, success of the program-in prevent-
ing defects-has been beyond all expecta-
tions.
Here are just some of the results:
Entire Pershing ground support sets have
been delivered to the U.S. Army without de-
fects in either hardware or documentation.
Overall plant eject (defective hardware
and documentatin) rate has dropped 25
percent as compared with the same period in
1961.
Scrap costs have been reduced 30 percent
as compared to the same period in 1961.
There have been numerous individual
achievements throughout the plant. For ex-
ample: A solderer on the Bullpup manu-
facturing line has hand soldered over 4,000
electrical connections without a 'defect since
August 1.
A total of 30 Coral "A" receivers for Bull-
pup missiles were manufactured without a
single defect. This complex device has 583
-hand-soldered joints. Total possible errors
in soldering alone amounts to 17,490.
partment the acceptable quality level of 4
percent rejects has been cut to less than 2
percent since the start of the "zero defects"
program.
The "zero defects" program has caught the
attention of many vendors and subcontrac-
tors. Their results have been equally grati-
fying. For example, the Dev-Tek Corp. of
Orlando, a small business firm, has delivered
more than 32,500 printed circuit boards with-
out a single reject since inception of its
Martin-inspired "zero defects" program.
General Electric's Flight Propulsion Lab-
oratory at West Lynn, Mass., kicked off a
"zero defects" program yesterday with its
6,500 employees.
Martin's "zero defects" program is based
on the premise that mistakes are caused by
two things: lack of knowledge and lack of
attention. Lack of knowledge can be cor-
rected through tried and true means, but
lack of attention is an attitude" problem
which must be corrected by the employee.
It is this attjtude which Martin is seeking
to correct through a three-pronged "zero
defects" program which attacks the fallacy
that humans "are supposed to err," moti-
vates people to do better and directs those
motivated people to achieve a goal of "zero
defects" through defect prevention.
Col. David Marcus, 1902-48
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. LEONARD FARBSTEIN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 18, 1963
M,r. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
-oRD, I include the following editorial
which appeared in the East Side News,
a publication with wide circulation in
my congressional district in memory of
the late Col. David Marcus:
COL. DAVID MARCUS, 1902-48
(By Abe E. Eisenstein)
February 22, Washington's Birthday, marks
the 61st anniversary of the birth of the late
native East Side youngster, Brooklynite,
West Pointer, superior athlete, noted lawyer
and prominent New Yorker, outstanding
government and city official, a dogooder and
courageous man, one of our heroes of our
times in America and modern Israel, famed
World War II veteran, first Israel Army gen-
eral under the pseudonym of Michael Stone,
a great soldier, a truly dedicated man with a
warm and dynamic personality-the colorful
Col. David "Mickey" Marcus.
David Daniel Marcus, son of the late Mor-
decai and Leah (Gold) Marcus, freedom-
loving immigrant parents from the Ghetto
of Jassy, Rumania, was born on the fifth
floor, rear, of an old tenement house at 103
Hester Street. He was one of six children,
four boys and two girls. His father had a
pushcart vegetable stand and later acquired
a small vegetable store. The sudden death
of Mordecai Marcus made it necessary for the
family to move into an old Brooklyn tene-
ment at 354 Powell Street.
East Side boy, Public School 109, Talmud
Torah School, Hebrew Educational Society,
Educational Alliance, Boys' High School (ex-
cellent in his studies and was a star baseball
and football player), CCNY, U.S. Military
Academy (brilliant student, intercollegiate
welterweight boxing champion, gymnast,
and class of 1924), Brooklyn Law School
(class of '1927) alumnus, Attorney Pi`3vid
Marcus married Emma Chaison, a school
teacher, on July 3, 1927. His ever faithful
wife now resides at 485 Westminster Road,
Brooklyn.
He was the first American to get a look at
Dachau, where the Nazis slaughtered thou-
sands of his fellow Jews ("The bodies were
still piled up like cordwood, after that, I
didn't need any more lessons in the impor-
tance of a newish state.")
Colonel' Marcus was killed in Jerusalem
on June 10, 1948 (Sivan 3) and was buried
among the military immortals at West Point.
In his 46-year span, he had a most- colorful
career. His friends came from every walk of
life and from every faith and creed.
He was the recipient of many decorations
from the United 'States, the British Empire,
New York State, others, and posthumously
the Israeli Order of Independence. On June
10, 1954, Mayor Robert F. Wagner proclaimed
Thursday as Col. David Marcus Memorial
Day, and in Brooklyn, July 28, 1956, the dedi-
cation of the. Col. David Marcus Junior High
School 263 took place. In Israel, in his honor
was created the Kibbutz Mishmar David; the
David Military Library at Sarafand; the
Colonel Marcus stamp, and Camp Marcus on
Mt. Carmel in Haifa. At- West Point, the
Colonel Marcus Memorial Award is made
annually by the Marcus Foundation to the
outstanding boxer of the graduating class.
Author' Ted - Berkman recounts -"Marcus'
heroic feats as fighter, intellectual, and
leader of men," in his 321-page book, "Cast
a Giant Shadow." Once read, reread, he
could never be forgotten.
A birthday salute to the - memory of a
great American and "soldier of humanity"-
Col. David "Mickey" Marcus-who helped
preserve freedom for our Nation, and was a
distinguished hero of Israel's war of
liberation.
Republicans Turn Backward as They Plan
Strategy for 1964 Campaign
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HARRIS B. McDOWELL, JP.
OF DELAWARE - -
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 28, 1963
Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, Re-
publican Members of -Congress seem to
have enjoyed - their Lincoln Day jaunts
back home. Although the press has not
reported very much that they said about
Abraham Lincoln,- it has given great
prominence to their remarks about Cuba.
It is typical and true to form that
modern-day Republican politicians turn
backward for guidance. Cuba and Ken-
nedy to these Republican strategists are
synonymous with Korea and Truman.
They forget that Rockefeller does not
have a white horse and he is only a
Governor, not a general.
The following column by Drew Pear-
son in the Washington Post on Monday,
February 25, will be interesting to refer
to the day after election in November
1964:
ROCKEFELLER BEHIND CUBA UPROAR?
(By Drew Pearson)
If you want to understand the reasons for
the frenzied clamor on Capitol Hill regard-
ing Cuba, you have to know what's going on
behind the scenes in Republican politics.
No. 1. It's virtually certain that Gov. Nel-
son Rockefeller of New York will be the
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 Approve, . R6Aftb$dL4K /06/23 CORD CIA- APPENDIX 38000209220009-9 A1063
boar? The United Fruit Co. employees
ere ably assisted in their work by
American Red Cross staffers and a Red
Cross medical team.
Mr. Speaker, this is a prime example
of the humanitarian spirit which moves
the American people in all walks of life,
from all professions and businesses and
industries, to join together in a spirit
of harmony to aid oppressed and under-
privileged people. The United Fruit Co.
has displayed the true Christian spirit
by its act of generosity and kindness.
America can, and should, be proud of
companies like United Fruit for just such
humanitarian actions. I ask unanimous
consent to insert into the RECORD a news
release on the heralded trip of the S.S.
Santo Cerro, which reveals its splendid
work. The copy follows:
ABOARD SS "SANTO CERRO" AT SEA, February
13: Cuban refugees en route to the United
States got their first generous portion of
American hospitality just a few minutes
after this Red Cross mercy ship left Cuban
waters for Port Everglades, Fla.
The ship left Havana at 6:39 p.m, on the
return leg of a journey that began in Balti-
more on February 7. The United Fruit Co.
vessel brought to Cuba over 1,900 tons of
ohildrens' foods and medicines (worth $2.5
million) donated by American firrps as part
of the exchange of the Bay of Pigs prisoners.
At 8:30 this morning the first of the 750
persons granted exit permits by the Cuban
Government began arriving at the pier in
Havana. They started to board about 1 p.m.
A Red Cross medical team arrived by plane
from Miami shortly before noon to find that
the crew and three ARC staff members who
came to Cuba abroad the ship had already
made extensive arrangements for the care
of the refugees in the four cargo holds.
The United Fruit Co., which contributed
$400,000 of the food cargo as well as donating
the ship to the Red Cross, prepared to feed
two hot meals during the approximately
14-hour crossing. The ship stewards added
an extra meal of soup and fruit for those
who arrived early and had to wait out the
day.
Two of several litter cases on board ship
were among almost the very last to arrive,
brought to the pier after 6 p.m. In Cuban
Red Cross ambulances. While awaiting the
ship's departure, passengers settled in holds
on cots and. blankets the American Red Cross
had. flown from Miami or read magazines
from the outdoor library set up on the after-
deck by the crew,
Virtually every member of the crew, frbm
Capt. Edmond McIntyre to the engineroom
gang, assisted with the passengers. They
helped to bring aboard the aged, the very
young, and the 10 stretcher cases. They
continued to help the Red Cross doctor and
nurses, throughout the voyage.
The refugees, youngest of whom is 10-day-
old Jauer Esetev, include 282 men, 304
women, and 160 children-and",5 pet dogs.
They were all below deck when the ship
left Havana. The chief engineer, Ramon Ber-
mudez, kept up a running account of the
departure in Spanish. Each announcement
was greeted with mixed tears and cheers.
The final announcement that the Santo
Cerro. had left Cuban waters produced the
most emotional outburst..
The refugees sang the Cuban national
anthem. They cheered the United States
and the Red Cross. They gave a special
cheer for Mrs, Louise Zavalydriga, ARC
nurse's aid from Miami, who was making
her third voyage aboard an ARC mercy ship
between Havana and Port Everglades. With
Discrimination Theory
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Mr.
have
Thursday, February 28, 1963
DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, we
just concluded commemorating
brotherhood week which serves as an ex-
tremely useful pWpose in calling atten-
tion to the prejudices which often hinder
the proper use of talent in our great Na-
tion. The lessons of brotherhood week
is one of toleratio l and understanding-
virtues which we 411 must practice.
The Des Plaine Valley News, an inde-
pendent community publication serving
a substantial nu fflber of Cook County
south suburban emmunities, in its is-
sue of Thursday, February 21, carried a
thought-provoking editorial discussing
some of the historical background in dis-
crimination.
Under unanimous consent, I insert this
editorial into the` RECORD at this point,
feeling that it is thoughtful and help-
ful commentary 4~n a problem which not
only faces the United States but all
peoples throughout the world:
[From the Des ines (Ill.) Valley News,
Fell. 21, 1963 ]
DISCRIM4'SATION THEORY
"We have been 4ailed black monkeys and
jungle people and treated like dirt," stated
one of the 300 y ung Ghanaians leaving
Communist Bulga is in disgust over the
treatment handed is people in that country"
One African stn ent stated, "There was
more discrimination in this Communist
country than could be in any of the so-called
capitalistic countr s * * * people med to
spit out before us 4buses and trains."
Soviets long used n a racial discrimination
theme as a weapon to sway the African and
underprivileged int communistic lines.
However, the inc dents show that Russia
has as much, if not more racial and religious
discrimination thar4 any other nation. Our
own Argo residents that have visited Mos-
cow, Russia, or smiler cities under Soviet
control report tha they seldom encounter
In Russia, citize s need a police pass in
order to travel fro one part of the country
to another, even Mr visits. This is similar
to requiring that police approve passes of
persons living in D troit to visit in Chicago.
Only one nation ues atheism as its official
policy-Russia. Thus the "no discrimina-
tion" statements t at the Russians have of-
ficially released du ing the past decades are
more lies than tru s.
Discrimination is a form of hostility which
an individual acq Tres. It is the distrust
of the stranger, or fancied enemy. -
Remember during World War I, the treat-
ment handed thos of German nationality,
and in World War I, the treatment handed
the American-Japa ese citizens residing in
California. Or trea ment accorded our own
Americail Indians w o were forced to reside
in "reservations"?
Each race, at one time or another, was
the target of hostility. The Italian because
a few of his race became gangsters, the Jew
because of the heritage of distrust, the Mexi-
can because of the few that were lazy, the
American Indian because a few liked the
taste of whiskey, the Polish race because a
few were slow and stubborn.
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a tearful smile, she told fellow ARC workers
that-"No matter how often you do this, you
can never take it for granted when you give
this kind of help to people."
After the ship was well out at sea, United
Fruit Co. stewards served all refugees with
beef stew, rice and beans, cream pie, coffee,
milk, and apples. Mess lines were set up on
deck and in the holds. Volunteers frqm
among the passengers carried food to those
who were too old or infirm to climb the
steep ladders out of the holds.
Most of ? the children wept to bed early,
rocked to sleep as this "night boat to free-
dom" rolled northward through the choppy
waters of the Florida Strait.
Up in the steward's department, crew
members worked through the night prepar-
ing a hot breakfast for the refugees.
Enterprise Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN W. =WYDLER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963.
Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I wish
to call the attention of the House to an
editorial appearing in the Garden City
News on Thursday, February 21, 1963.
This public service editorial appears to
me to present a worthwhile idea, which
I believe worthy of the attention of the
Members of the House of Representa-
tives.
Its text is as follows:
ENTERPRISE DA"Y
In an address last week before the New
York State Bankers Association, Dr. James
F. Bender, professor of business administra-
tion at Adelphi College, adpa.nced an idea
which we loudly applaud.
He advocated that the bankers' associations
in each of the 50 States takethe leadership
in establishing one day in the- year to be ob-
served as Enterprise Day.
"Because we sometimes forget that com-
petitive enterprise nurtures, b~etter than any
other economic climate, the protection and
advancement of the dignity of iu aria continue to look to the West FVBLIC SERVICE BY RADIO consent to have printed at this point
for eus anc inspiration STATIONS the RECORD.
`1` his proper that we f oiri today with There being no objection, the editorial
1 Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, I am
A ericans of Bulgarian background iii was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
confident that there are many radio sta-
liledging that one d'ay Bulgaria shall be tions throughout the country that accept as follows:
free once a ain, and that"the Bulgarian SENSIBLE RESPONSE BY THE PRESIDENT
under their license
ibilit
th
i
,
r respons
y,
e
"people will once again Joint the Western ,to be of public service." There are some President John K. Kennedy has issued
democratic nations "as people of an . in- that take this pledge with a sense of post- shoot-if-necessary orders against any plane
dependent nation. tire dedication far beyond legal require- or other sorties from Red cubs.
merit., This is the case station WAQE This followed the news that two Mig
fighter planes from Cuba fired rockets in a
KALEWALA DAY, FEBRUARY 28, whose facilities are located in my home flight over a U.S. shrimpboat in the Florida
FINNISH HOLIDAY county in Maryland. Straits earlier this week.
Mr. Charles S. Gerber, station man- The President refrained, pending further
Mr. HART. Mr. President, every alter of WAQE has chosen Howard Cot- information, from pinning any blame on the
nation'develops out of its history and its tage at the Maryland Training School Soviet Government for the attack on the
language an epic which embodies "the . for Boys as the station's community pub- A ? The small craft and its two crewmen
virtues and the values and the high prin- lie service project for 1963. were not hit.
ciples which have borne that nation Every Monday night, the staff and "These planes came from Cuba and flew
through and led it to greatness. under a Cuban flag and, therefore, unless
management of WAQE, on a voluntary the Soviet Union should claim they were
The national epic of Finland is the basis, visits with the boys at Howard flying them, we would hold the Cubans re-
Kalewala, and the Finnish people right- Cottage. sponsible," the President said.
fully take pride in this classic work for WAQE hopes to bring to public atten- The President said that he had given
it reflects the charagter and the "person- tion the fine work that Maryland Train- orders "to insure that action will be taken
ality of the Finnish nation and its people. ing School is doing and the desperate against any vessel or aircraft which exe-
There are recorded 'the heroic deeds of need for private citizens to take an in- cutes an attack against a vessel or aircraft
the legendary and historical figures in terest in these boys, who have been t the United bbeas over international wa-
the long and glorious history of the Fin- to ars in the Caribbean."
Wish people. judged juvenile delinquents. The President declined to proclaim a pol-
songs and verses The need for help is not only while icy of hot pursuit, as advocated by some
For centuries these
they are at the training school, but after Members of Congress. Under this policy,
were handed down from generation to their period of training has been served. attacking planes or ships would be pursued
generation by oral means. But then To help arouse public interest, a series of back to their Cuban bases if necessary to de-
they were collected and set down` in stroy them.
l
i
ti
M
d T
i
an
ra
n
ng
ary
ng Details of the United States reaction might
writing and on February 28, 1835 the first programs, presen
School will be broadcast beginning Jan- well wait, the President said, until it is seen
fairly_ complete collection of verses was uary 26, through June 29. These pro- whether the attack on the shrimpboat was
published in Finland-the Kalewala. grams will be heard at 12:30 p.m., every an isolated incident, the result of a pilot's
Mr. President, ever since that happy Saturday. decision, or was the deliberate decision by
day, February 28 has been celebrated by Today in Maryland, one out of every the Cuban Government which forecasts
Finns throughout the world as a national fives boys nmmpa in ermfn.e.t. with the nn- other attacks.
Iortunate tnat many r innisn people citizenry of our State become alerted to
chose our State' when they came to the the problems and how each individual
United States. Michigan's history and can play a part in helping to stamp out
institutions show clearly the strength, juvenile delinquency and to help the de-
independence, and courage of these peo- linquent. By working with the boys, it
pie and their descendants. is hoped that the staff of WAQE will be
I .Join my Finnish friends today in more qualified to perform the public
celebrating the 128th anniversary of the service so desperately needed to help
publication of Kalewala. these boys.
In addition to the Monday night visits,
ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY- plans are being made to take the boys
FEBRUARY 24 bowling, to sports events and other spe-
Mr. HART. Mr. President, 45 years cial is with
ago the ancient nation of Estonia gained It is wthis gre fine at pride that I rise today
its independence, established a " demo- to bring this example of public
ice to the attention of my colleagues in
colleagues in
peace until the Second World War.
Today, Estonia does not exist as an
independent nation. She has been
brutally incorporated against- her will
into the Soviet empire. All attempts to
preserve the Estonian heritage are sup-
pressed by agents of the Kremlin.
However, today the spirit of the Esto-
nian people remains strong. Hope and
determination lives strongly in the hearts
of the Estonian people that one. day
Estonia will again be free 'and inde-
pendent.
It is fitting that we here" once again
express the continuing regard of' Amer-
Ica for the aspirations of the-Estonian
people, and that we join with all persons
of. Estonian" background in renewing our
pledge that all shall be done to assure
that Estonia, will one. day walk in
IOUX -PALLS EDITOR SUPPORTS
PRESIDENT'S CUBA POLICY
time when some Americans appear to be
urging the President to follow an ex-
treme policy in Cuba that might involve
us unnecessarily in a war, it is encourag-
ing to note a thoughtful editorial in the
Sioux Falls, S. Dak., Argus-Leader sup-
porting the wise policy of restraint now
being pursued by the President.
There are those who would shoot first
and learn the facts later. The Presi-
dent has very wisely resisted such temp-
tations.
I commend to my colleagues an edi-
torial from the Argus-Leader of Satur-
day, February 23, which I ask unanimous
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neeamg toe s'reslaent"s warnings ana Amer-
ican public opinion, in their move to take
some more of their troops out of Cuba. Pa-
tience is indicated in this situation, rather
than a trigger-happy response.
We think President Kennedy has taken a
sensible course. He has the responsibility.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, I
also ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD yesterday's Wash-
ington Post report of a recent Gallup
poll demonstrating the overwhelming
opposition of the American people to
sending our Armed Forces into war with
Cuba under present circumstances.
There being no objection, the report
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
OPPOSITION TO INVASION OF CUBA RISES IN
UNITED STATES
PRINCETON, N.J., February 26.-Although
they see Premier Fidel Castro's Cuba as a
serious threat to world peace, the American
people at this point are opposed to a U.S.
invasion of the island.
Americans, in fact, are slightly less inva-
sion-minded about Cuba today than they
were last fall before President Kennedy's
decision to blockade the Communist outpost
in the Caribbean.
Some persons point out, moreover, that the
results of the quarantine action are a factor
in their current belief that the Cuba di-
lemma can be solved without a hot war.
With the controversy over Cuba continu-
ing, the public was asked a question last
put to them shortly before the blockade de-
cision last October:
"Some people say that the United States
should send our Armed Forces into Cuba
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3O7 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February -28
It told of a big political speech made
by Mr. Khrushchev in his one-party elec-
tion campaign. He said the Soviet Union
-"would come to the aid of its friends"
should the West launch any attack on
Cuba or Red China.
territory. It Is the first real proof we
have had that the President has aban-
doned "our friends"-the free people of
Cubs to the Communist dictatorship.
brills the American people face
to f` Ikee with 'facts: 'Where do we stand?
Eav we actually abandoned the prin-
ciples of freedom? Have we completely
abandoned the Monroe Doctrine? Has
this , administration turned its back on
tiie hien who gave their lives in every
-war'this Nation has fought to make the
worfd or at least the Western Hemisphere
safe.' for democracy?
When Mr. Khrushchev says he will go
to the aid of his friends in Cuba is he
referring to anyone other than Castro
and, a few of his hierarchy? What about
the Cuban people? We fought one war
r --- to tree them; do we now stand by and
watbh them ground under the slave heel
of the Kremlin?
e American people want some an-
wa4t them now. Just what deals has
_,$ administration made and who has
beeli traded off to whom?
THE NEW YORK NEWSPAPER
STRIKE
!'' LINDSAY asked and was given
i '~ pe?nisston to address the House for I
PI;lute, to revise and extend his remarks,
8n to include extraneous matter.)
,Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, the New
tctrk newspaper strike long since ceased
e. cer damage has been done to
e*al Government cannot intervene in a
lgcal strike.
honestly and in the public interest.
The public right to know is one of the
ost important rights ingrained in any
4emocracy. It is important because
4avernments will not long remain free
honest in the absence of a public
SS:
i rental processes have abandoned the
public in this case.
Mr. Speaker, recently Mr. Robert G.
pivack, a distinguished newspaperman,
published three articles on the subject
of the New York newspaper strike. They
are well worth reading, and r am tak-
ing the liberty of inserting them In the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at this point:
THE LONELY MZTaopot.is
Lively, lovely, exciting New York-Bagh-
dad-on-the-Hudson-la today a mute, para-
lyzed. crippled city. She is like a helpless
creature. unexpectedly stricken dumb and
deaf. Dazed and staring vacantly, she is
obviously in distress and yet so powerless
to summon help.
People still rush about, the subways are
crowded. the lights blink on Broadway.
There are a handful of tradition-breakers
who snatch a Philadelphia or Newark paper,
or one of the halt-dozen makeshift dailies,
hastily patched together. The early morn-
ing gazers atll, stand outside the NBC
studios watching the Today show. There
are the curious In Pennsylvania station who
pick up a clipboard to which has been
clamped the latest UPI copy,
Superficially not much is different-until
you start to talk to New Yorkers. Then
you realize that nothing Is the same and
the full impact of what has happened starts
to become apparent.
A great sadness has descended on the city,
such as marked the passing of a beloved
friend like, If you remember, Franklin D.
Roosevelt.
Are the newspapers missed? Has televl-
sion filled the news gap?
I have never seen the big town or its
Inhabitants so glazed or so lonely or react-
Ing so inadequately. At one moment it Is
as if some nerve gas has quietly seeped over
the city and asphyxiated Its residents. At
other times you get the feeling that Man-
hattan Island has been set adrift from the
mainland and silently floated out to sea.
The New Yorker feels cut off from Amer-
ica and the visitor from Washington is ear-
nestly questioned about the outside world.
There Is probably no other American city
where this would be quite so true, where
the newspapers play such a vital role. The
New York press Is the heart of the big town
through which Its lifeblood flows. With-
out Its papers the city is half-dead.
The printers' strike has been a catastrophe
and It was unnecessary from the outset.
I say this as a union man. -
I am a member of the American News-
paper Guild, have been for most of my adult
life. There have been numerous strikes
which. I felt, were Justified. I intend to re-
main a member of the guild.
But I have taken no loyalty oath to Mr.
Bert Powers of the ITU. Nor do I feel
obliged to remain silent when a union
leader makes a fool of himself.
Mr. Powers and a small clique in the New
York locals of the ITU are primarily respon-
sible for the strike. He may wrap himself
in s mantle of rectitude. But Mr. Powers is
no hero to organized labor, nor to the un-
organized layman.
There is not a union leader in New York
with whom I have spoken who has had a good
word to say for - the course Mr. Powers has
charted. But they do their grumbling in si-
lence or within "the club." This Is unfor-
tunate, because a word from a responsible
union leader would carry weight.
What has happened, though, is that many
who grew up In the thirties find themselves
entrapped by their own rhetoric. There
must always be labor unity. The boss, or In
this case the publishers, must always be
wrong.
This is one time when neither slogan Is
adequate. With all the publishers' short-
comings and all the rigidity of other years,
most union leaders in New York any pri-
vately that Powers' bargaining methods and
demands were outrageous, that no publisher
In this economically distressed industry
could acquiesce and no paper could con-
tinue to publish In the manner to which
New Yorkers have grown accustomed.
Perhaps Powers' greatest error has been
that he has demonstrated such poor general-
ship. He left no room to maneuver. He
provided no escape hatches for either the
publishers or the ITU. He took a desperate
gamble in December when, before the
Christmas advertising was over, he decided
to strike. It was a massive miscalculation.
When it did not pay off, when the non-
struck papers also shut down, a mature labor
leader would have left other courses of ac-
tion open for himself. In all his grandiose
planning, Mr. Powers overlooked this elemen-
tary fact of all warfare, whether it is polit-
ical or military or labor. Instead he boxed
himself In and thus far has not figured a
way out.
WHO Has BEEN HURT BY THE NEWSPAPEa
STRncs?
New Yorkers are a special breed and, as a
result, they are often misunderstood by those
who live In other parts of the country.
To a visitor New York is an exciting town,
but its people are strange. They hardly ever
smile. Some seem fierce and withdrawn.
Others act as if their mission in life is just to
separate you and your cash. Frequently
New Yorkers seem to look down on the out-
lander, regarding him as uncultured, unin-
formed. and a hick.
That, in part at least, is the background
of the well-known comment. "New York is
a nice place to visit but I wouldn't want to
live there."
As one who came east from Ohio and grew
to know and love New York, I believe this
picture is a distortion. It Is worth con-
sidering, though, why New Yorkers are
different.
There are 8 million people from divergent
backgrounds. If one does not wish to be-
come involved with anyone else's interests
and problems, the easiest way is to be with-
drawn. The tendency for each man to be-
come an island unto himself is not hard to
understand. It is a protective defense
against invasion of privacy.
Sometimes It is overdone. Some New
Yorkers are so withdrawn they do not know
their neighbor's name. Others do not start
the day by saying, "Good morning." This
is sad. It is one more reason why every
New Yorker ought to be required to visit west
of the Hudson, at Ieast before he can be con-
sidered well educated.
But as their substitute for traveling, New
Yorkers turn almost instinctively to the
newspapers. As a result the city has been
compelled to develop the best newspapers in
the country; their readers are critical and
demanding.
There are other towns with one good news-
paper. But New Yorkers support seven of
which at least six possess unusual qualities.
Half the city's Inhabitants read at least one
newspaper daily. These reading habits have
developed over the years. The morning
newspaper is as Important to start the day
as that first cup of coffee.
So when Mr. Bert Powers of the Interna-
tional Typographical Union pulled what has
turned out to be his disastrous printers'
strike, the first victim was the newspaper
reader. Shutting down the New York press
was like ripping a delicate fabric. In this
case the unseen damage done is not likely to
be easily or quickly repaired.
Perhaps that is why for over 80 years the
ITU has not gone on strike In New York.
The union's earlier leaders were no less
tough than Mr. Powers. They may have been
wiser. in any event they were part of the
newspaper tradition and the city's social
structure.
If you have not lived In New York it may
be difficult to understand the unique role
that the press plays. But everyone can un-
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