ANTI-SEMITISM IN RUSSIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200190024-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 27, 2010
• Sequence Number: 24
• Publication Date: January 28, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2010/04/27: CIA-RDP65B00383R000200190024-6
1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
been a lot of agitation about the Cuban
prisoners. ,being released and sent to the
United States, we fail to see much about the
21 or 23 AmeTicall prisoners being held there
and we are of the opinion that they should
have been released before any of the Cubans
and we should ask our Government to take
action with regards to these prisoners.
We advocate that there will be no appease-
ment in either Cuba or Berlin including the
associated issues of ground and air access by
the United States and our allies to Berlin.
We must realize the strategic value of the
naval base in Cuba and the need of it in our
defense of the Caribbean Sea, the Panama
Canal, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic
c:ast of the United States against the Rus-
sian submarines operating in these waters.
We should insist on adherence to the
Monroe Doctrine as it would tend to keep
the Communists out of the Western Hemi-
sphere and keep the independence and free-
dom of the Americas protected, which also
means that the Red aggression in Cuba must
be eliminated and Cuba returned to the com-
munity of free nations.
That Red China will not be allowed to be-
come a member of the United Nations as this
would be a.repudiation of a major feature in
the U.S. policy, and If such an act should
come about the United States should with-
draw from the United Nations.
We should balance, modernize, and stabi-
lize our Armed Forces which calls for In-
creased strength, properly balanced in every
category-land, sea, and air.
We should Increase our Navy's antisub-
marine program, keeping in mind that
Russia has nearly 500 submarines, also re-
membering the Germans had only 57 sub-
marines in the Atlantic during World War II
and nearly won the battle of the North
Atlantic Ocean.
A positive civil defense program should
be established.
We should support the Joint Chiefs of Staff
system as this is the most efficient method
for overall military planning.
.After spending millions of dollars per-
fecting the Skybolt missile and succeeding
with the sixth trial, our Government wants
to scrap this missile due to the fact that it
takes super aircrafts to carry them to the
target, a procedure that General LeMay, Air
Force Chief of Staff, has advocated for some
time; and as per the newspapers there is a
move afoot to remove him as Chief of Staff
due to his activities in this matter. We are
of the opinion that we should continue to
manufacture the Skybolt, also retain Gen-
eral LeMay as Air Force Chief of Staff.
We are of the opinion that everyone of
-the World War I veterans is conscious of the
fact that our country is in peril If we do
not stop this communistic menace and all
red-blooded and patriotic Americans should
rally to the aid of our country even to the
extent of war.
Again may we offer the above mentioned
items for your consideration.
- KAI A. KOCH,
Director, National Defense and Security,
Veterans of World War I of the U.S.A.
OMAHA, NEBR.
Warning on Deficit
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. MELVIN R. LAIRD
or WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF,' REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 28, 1963
Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, the Stevens
Point Daily Journal of Stevens Point,
Wis., on January 21, 1963, carried a very
interesting editorial based on the warn-
ing of the Honorable William Mc-
Chesney Martin, Jr., Chairman of the
Federal Reserve Board. The editorial is
as follows:
WARNING ON DEFICIT
As Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board,
William McChesney Martin, Jr., is closely
attuned to matters affecting world currency
transactions. He knows the relative strength
of the dollar in comparison with other cur-
rencies.
Mr. Martin, in a speech to the American
A317
lished as a full-page advertisement in
the New York Times, the Providence
Journal, the Washington Post, and the
Jersey Journal. This message was
echoed editorially in newspapers
throughout the Nation. The injustices
it chronicles merit reading by all. I
include this message as part of my re-
marks:
PREMIER NIKITA S. KHRUSHCHEV,
The Kremlin, U.S.S.R.:
The Soviet Union declares it is a cham-
pion of human dignity and equality. No
Finance Association and the American Eco- pouncing itself a defender of minority
nomic Association, cited that the U.S. rights.
balance-of-payments deficit was disappoint-
ing in 1962. Lnstead of the anticipated
deficit of $1.5 billion, he said, the final tally
will probably show the United States well
over $2 billion in the red for last year.
Adding such a large deficit in a year which
began with the United States owing more
gold to foreign creditors than it possessed,
weakens the dollar's standing at home and
abroad. Should gold demands by creditors
reduce U.S. gold stocks below the Federal
Reserve certificate requirement, the dollar
almost certainly would encounter devalua-
tion pressures. Only a few billions in gold
separate the United States from this prospect.
"Whatever other consequenceg would fol-
low from a devaluation of the dollar," Mr.
Martin warned, "I am convinced that it
would immediately spell the end of the dol-
lar as an international currency and the
beginning of a retreat from the present world
role of the United States that would pro-
duce far-reaching political as well as eco-
nomic effects."
It is not a cheering prospect, but Mr.
Martin's warning is likely to be heard again
and again throughout this session of Con-
gress. And it should be heeded, especially
when money bills affecting U.S. balance of
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. TORBERT H. MACDONALD.
Or MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 28, 1963
Mr. MACDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the
Soviet Union proclaims itself as the
champion of minority rights. Premier
Khrushchev boasts that the Soviet Con-
stitution. guarantees. individual and
group liberties. These self-Serving dec-
larations are indeed hollow when
viewed against the background of anti-
Semitism in Russia today. The Soviets
have gone beyond the limits of an anti-
religious campaign in their treatment of
Jews within their own borders. Their
tactics have entered into the realm of
racism. The anti-Semitic campaign in
the U.S.S.R. today is reminiscent of the
dark, despotic days of Stalin and Hitler.
The story of discrimination against the
Jewish minority in the Soviet Union pro-
vides a somber lesson for all peoples of
the free world. The emerging nations
of Asia and Africa should note the
facility with which the Communists
resort to racism in pursuit of their goals.
A group of religious leaders of all faiths
have made a direct protest to Chairman
Khrushchev. `Their cablegram was pub-
Soviet spokesmen cite your country's con-
- stitution, wherein equality of citizens is
guaranteed, as proof that religious discrim-
ination is not countenanced in the U.S.S.R.
You yourself have said: "The question of
a man's religion is not asked in our coun-
try. It is a matter for the conscience of
the person concerned. We look upon a per-
son as a person."
But what are the facts?
The Soviet Government's persistent en-
mity to religion is a matter of historical
record. While most faiths are permitted
bare necessities, such as requisites for wor-
ship, sacred literature, theological seminaries
and central bodies, their activities are sternly
circumscribed. Devout citizens suffer har-
assment. Nowhere, not even within the
walls of church or mosque, is religion secure
from surveillance. This Is a fact of Soviet
life.
It is also a fact that within the narrow
framework of permissible religious practice,
discrimination is enforced. Jewish citizens
of the Soviet Union, numbering close to 3
million, are denied minimal rights conceded
to adherents of other creeds.
Hard pressed as they are by blanket re-
straints, none of the other major religions
of the Soviet people, neither the Orthodox,
Armenian or Protestant Churches, neither
Buddhism nor Islam, have been subjected to
the extraordinary disabilities inflicted on
Judaism and its followers.
Legally constituted Jewish congregations
are isolated from one another. They are
forbidden to organize a central body. They
are allowed no contact with Jewish religious
groups in other countries, Their leaders are
singled out for abuse.
Since June 1961, synagogue presidents in
six cities have been arbitrarily removed from
office; Jewish communal leaders in Lenin-
grad and Moscow have been sentenced to
prison for the alleged crime of meeting with
foreign visitors to their synagogues.
Scores of synagogues have been closed by
the state. The few that remain are served
by rabbis who were ordained more than 40
years ago. For more than a generation, Jew-
ish theological seminaries have been banned,
except for a lone yeshiva in Moscow, opened
in 1956. Its enrollment, never permitted to
exceed 20, was reduced to 4 In April 1962.
No Jewish Bible has been printed in 40
years. No articles for Jewish ritual can be
produced. This year, for the first time in
Soviet history, even the sale of unleavened
bread, essential to observance of the Passover,
was banned. The prayers of Judaism are
said in Hebrew, yet the teaching of that lan-
guage is prohibited.
Although half a million Jews declared
Yiddish as their mother tongue in the Soviet
census of 1959, their hundreds of schools,
their once-flourishing theaters, have been
stamped out. Much smaller ethnic or lin-
guistic groups have schools, theaters, books,
and newspapers in their own languages.
These conditions conjure up memories of
the anti-Semitic Stalin regime, which you
yourself have denounced.
According to the United Nations Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and the con-
25 YEAR RE-REVIEW
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A318
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX January 28
stitutions of enlightened countries, freedom
of conscience and expression is vested un-
conditionally in every human being.
Unless the Soviet Government conforms
Its behavior to this universal standard and
to its own professed principles. It forfeits the
confidence of all peoples.
When will synagogues and Jewish semi-
naries be reestablished, imprisoned syna-
gogue leaders set free, the ban on unleavened
bread rescinded, ritual articles and Jewish
prayerbooks made available?
When will the Yiddish-language Institu-
tions that sustained -Soviet Jewish culture
and education be restored?
When will Jewish congregations, like those
of other religions, be enabled to form a cen-
tral body, to join in fellowship for the con-
tinuity of their faith?
The world awaits your response.
By deeds alone, can your Government con-
firm that the Soviet Union in truth upholds
the rights of minorities and the equal dignity
of man.
Minneapolis-St. Paul Area Helps Earth-
quake Victims
EX'I'ENSZON OF REMARKS
or
HON. CLARK Ma:GREGOR
Cm MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 28, 1963
Mr. MACGREGOR. Mr, Speaker, last
fall the people of the Minneapolis-St.
Paul area performed a remarkable act in
providing assistance to victims of the
major earthquake in Iran. The project
Is described in the following article from
the People to People News of October
1962:
SEND 18,500 BLANnr?rs ro ThswrAN Vic'rmss
'A. thing called compassion stirred residents
of Minneapolis-St. Paul to community action
resulting In the collection and shipment of
18,500 blankets to Iranian earthquake victims
who are facing winter with no shelter.
It began when a group of Minneapolis citi-
zens-members of people to people-re-
solved to help Iranian students at the Uni-
versity of Minnesota and at Macalester Col-
lege, St. Paul, to send aid to their anguished
countrymen.
"What shall we do to help?" they asked.
Mrs. Gertrude Swanson, chairman of the
Minneapolis People-to-People Committee,
Called Elmer "Tweet" Tvetene, manager of
Pan American Airways in the Twin Cities for
advice.
PAN AMERICAN AIRWAYS ftLPS
"I'll call you back in 15 minutes," he
told Mrs. Swanson. He did and Informed
her an entire cargo plane would be available
In I week at Minneapolis-St. Paul Interna-
tional Airport bound for Teheran. "Make up
your minds What you want to put on the
plane," be said.
The people-to=people committee continued
to meet for most of that night. They called
the Iranian Embassy in Washington and
learned that blankets would be the most
helpful single item that could be sent on
the plane. Thousands were needed.
The committee decided to invite 8t. Paul
and suburban residents to participate in the
blankets-for-Iran project.
- TWD ![ATORS' sUPPOR'r
Mayor Arthur Nafttalin of Minneapolis and
Mayor George Vavaoulis of St. Paul Issued
proclamations on the state of emergency In
Iranian earthquake disaster areas and urged
Twin Cities residents to allow friendship by
donating blankets.
Fire stations were designated as collection
depots throughout the area. Firemen en-
thusiastically participated in the people-to-
people effort by folding, sorting, counting,
and bundling the blankets as they were
brought in by residents of all races, religions,
and social groups.
A goal of 10.000 blankets was set. The
first 2 days brought In a disappointingly
small number of blankets.
Then area radio, television, and the press
took up the cause and the blankets poured
in. A week later, when the plane was ready
to leave, nearly twice as many blankets as
the cargo plane could hold had been baled
at the old air terminal building, James
Grant of WTCN-TV spent many hours writ-
Ing press releases for the project, using air
time to tell residents of the Twin Cities how
they could help.
American agencies, such as CARE, are ad-
ministering distribution of the blankets to
the needy In Iranian disaster areas.
A telegram expressing the deep apprecia-
tion of the Iranian people was sent to may-
ors of St. Paul and Minneapolis by Hossein
Ghods Nakhal. Ambassador of Iran to the
United States.
Nuclear-Age School-New Mexico Stu-
dents Pursue Knowledge Underground
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOSEPH M. MONTOYA
OF NEW MEXICO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday. January 28, 1963
Mr. MONTOYA. Mr. Speaker, I in-
clude an article by David Nevin which
appeared in the January 26, 1963, issue
of the Saturday Evening Post referring
to the undet,round elementary school in
Artesia, N. Mex. Mr. Vernon Mills, su-
perintendent of the Artesia school dis-
trict, is to be commended for his fore-
sightedness in initiating the construction
of this nuclear-age school. Rosewell ar-
chitect, Standhardt. demonstrated imag-
ination and ingenuity in his design of
this unique structure which has brought
high praise from architects and school
officials the world over. The construc-
tion of this underground school was made
possible through the efforts of the city
of Artesia together with the Office of
Civil Defense. This school was dedi-
cated in June 1962 by the Honorable
Steuart L. Pittman, Assistant Secretary
of Defense.
Under unanimous consent I insert the
following article in the Appendix of the
RECORD :
NUCLEAR-AGE ScIIOOL-New MExrco Srunzn n
PUESU7 $NOWIIDGE Usmz*GROtiwo
Betsy Anne Hart, a fourth-grader in Ar-
testa, N. Mex., learned something new at
school the other day. "Mother," she burst
.out when she got home. "did you know
there Is a room for dead people at our
school?"
Having a morgue on the premises is just
one of the things that makes Betsy Anne's
school unusual. For Abo Public Elementary
School, named for a nearby ail formation,
Is the only school in the Nation which lies
entirely underground, and which doubles as
a fully equipped fallout shelter.
Abo opened for the first time last fall,
with some 460 pupils. The experiment has
attracted considerable interest among both
schoolmen and civil defense officials around
the country. Some educators have con-
demned the whole idea out of hand. Others
haev adopted a wait-and-see attitude. They
feel that, taken simply as a teaching plant,
Abo deserves high marks for efficiency and
interior beauty. But, they wonder, can the
school be taken that simply?
From aboveground all that shows of the
school is a huge concrete slab, which serves
as a playground for the children who go to
school beneath it, and the covered walk-
ways which connect three block structures
housing the stairwells. These entrances are
narrow, dimly lit and painted a dark red.
Somehow they seem vaguely threatening.
Inside, however, the building looks like a
school, and an attractive school, at that. The
central corridor Is 14 feet wide, wider than
usual, to prevent claustrophobia, and the
tiled floors and walls are green balanced with
a warmer rose. The fluorescent lighting has
a daylight quality. One has no sense of
being in a basement or even, save for the
lack of windows, of being underground.
Automatic air conditioning keeps the tem-
perature at 72' and the humidity at 50
percent. The 18 classrooms, each approxi-
mately 28 feet square, are superbly equipped.
An air of quiet industry pervades the build-
ing, due partly to the insulation of acous-
tical plaster on the inside and solid earth on
the outside, and partly to the somewhat
sobering effect the school appears to have on
its pupils. On the whole, Abo seems a
remarkably pleasant place in which to tackle
the three R's,
NVCLEAR SCHOOL
But this is not only a school, it is also a
carefully planned fallout shelter, and the
children are well aware of the fact. Bedding
and survival food for 2 weeks are stored
in spare rooms. Two deep wells can supply
safe water. There are air filters, an emer-
gency power system, and decontamination
showers, If an attack should come during
school hours, the school would shelter its
own students and those from nearby schools.
At any other time, it would accommodate the
first 2,160 people to reach it. Then, 1,800-
pound steel doors at each entrance would
be bolted shut, barring those who came late,
the parents, perhaps, of the children inside.
Some time this year 2,000 Artesians win
spend a night at Abo to test its shelter
facilities.
This dual-purpose concept of school con-
struction sprang directly from Artesia's
experience with two windowless, but above-
ground, schools built In 1959, With its
near-desert climate, Artesia switched to
schools with solid walls when It found that
the rapid heat transference in its old glass-
walled buildings made economical air con-
ditioning impossible.
These buildings, designed by architect
Frank Standhardt of Roswell, N. Mex., were
among the first windowless schools in the
Nation. Since then the Idea has spread as
far as California and Florida. But mean-
while, back In Artesia, the board's thinking
had gone a step further.
AN AF BASE IS NEARBY
It had discovered that, with the cold war
periodically threatening to turn hot, and
with both an Important Air Force. base and
the White Sands Proving Ground uncom-
fortably nearby, there was not a single build-
ing in town which could serve as a public
fallout shelter. Since it felt responsible for
the safety of its students-and, less directly,
for the public In general-the board rea-
soned: Why not build another windowless
school, and this time put it underground?
Architect Standhardt accordingly designed
a subterranean structure with 12-inch con-
crete walls and an overhead slab of 21-inch
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