HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 5, 2005
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: July 22, 1959
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2005/01/27: cIA:RDP_4BIl034&R0o0500040021-4
House of Representatives
WEDNESDAY, JULY 22, 1959
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskam.p,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
Psalm 23: 6: Surely goodness and
mercy shall follow me all the days of my
,life.
Almighty God, of whose bounty we
have all received and whose mercies can-
not be numbered, may we ever be mind-
ful of the attendant responsibility to.
prove worthy stewards of Thy manifold
blessings.
Grant that through the miracle and
ministry of Thy grace and goodness we
may be inspired to be more sensitive in
our sympathies and more responsive to
the needs of the less.fortunate members
of the human family.
May our longings and labors for the
welfare of mankind be an earnest of our
love toward Thee and a manifestation
of our gratitude for the gift of Thy Son,
our Saviour, with whom Thou hast freely
given us all things.
In His name we offer our prayer.
Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of yes-
terday was read and approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
A message in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States was communi-
cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of
his secretaries.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by Mr.
McGown, one of its clerks, announced
that the Senate had passed a bill of the
following title, in which concurrence of
the House is requested :
S. 1138. An act to provide readjustment
assistance to veterans who serve in the
Armed Forces between January 31, 1955, anal
July 1, 1963.
The message also announced that the
Vice President has appointed Mr. Joszr-
STON of South Carolina and Mr. CARLSON,
members of -the Joint Select Committee
on the part of the Senate, as provided for
in the act of August 5, 1939, entitled "An
act to provide for the-disposition of cer-
tain records of the U.S. Government," for
the disposition of executive papers re-
ferred to in the report of the Archivist
of the United States numbered 60-1.
FEASIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING THE
PRESIDENT ADAMS PARKWAY
The SPEAKER. The unfinished busi-
ness is the question of suspending the
rules and passing the bill (H.R. 7125)
to provide for a study of the feasibility
No. 123-8
12771
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4'_.:
of establishing the President Adams
Parkway.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the motion.
The question was taken; and (two-
thirds having voted in favor thereof)
the rules were suspended and the bill
was passed.
A motion to reconsider was laion btie
table. ~J
$3,543,320,000-a difference of only
.$720,000. The conference agreed to au-
thorizations for fiscal 1960 of a total of
$3,556,200,000, which is $353,200,000 less
than the Executive request, and is $13,-
600,000 more than the authorization ap-
proved by the House.
I feel sure that an examination of the
detailed authorizations included in the
bill will satisfy the House membership
that the interests of the House have been
UTUAL SECURITY ACT O?1959 interest to note that in 1956 the House
conferees brought back an authorization
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I call
which was $360,100,000 larger than the
tual Security Act of 1954, as amended,
and ask unanimous consent that the
statement of the managers on the part
of the House be read in lieu of the re-
port.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection
to the request of the gentleman from
Pennsylvania?
There was no objection.
The Clerk read the statement.
(For conference report and statement
see proceedings of the House of July 21,
1959.)
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
myself 10 minutes.
Mr. Speaker, the conferees bring back
to the House a bill which represents a
compromise between a bill that passed
the House and a Senate bill which dif-
fered from it in some, 57 instances, a
number of which were of major impor-
tance. The money differences between
the two bills this year were relatively less
important, and the differences with re-
spect to the relationship of the two bills
to our foreign policy and to congressional
control over the mutual security program
were of relative large importance.
Let, me make clear at the very begin-
ning that this bill contains no authority
to use foreign currencies without appro-
priation nor does it authorize any back
door approach to the Treasury. The
House conferees kept in mind the rules
of the House and the sentiment prevail-
ing in the House on these matters, and
were careful that no such provisions were
included.
It is difficult to make a meaningful
comparison of the total dollar authori-
zations in the two bills. This is true be-
cause the bill as it passed the Senate in-
cluded an authorization for 2 years for
the Development Loan Fund and a con-
tinuing authorization for the military
No funds after fiscal 1960 were author-
ized in the bill that passed the House.
The total of the authorizations for fiscal
year 1960 approved by the House was
$3,542,600,000 and the total of the au-
thorizations approved by the Senate was
amount originally approved by the
House; in 1957 the authorization ap-
proved by the conference was $250,250,-
000 higher than the authorization in-
cluded in the House bill; last year the
conference agreed to an aggregate au-
thorization which was $72,500,000 above
the bill approved by the House. I think
everyone will recognize that we have
done pretty well this year.
As I said a moment ago, the major
problems which confronted the House
conferees involved matters of congres-
sional practice and congressional con-
trol, as well as major aspects of our for-
eign policy.
The Senate bill included an author-
ization to transfer up to 30 percent of
military assistance funds to economic
assistance. The House had made its po-
sition very clear to the House conferees
during the consideration of the bill on
the House floor, and we gave this issue
top priority. I am glad to be able to
report that the Senate receded with re-
spect to this provision.
Another major issue with which the
conference was confronted involved the
continuing authorization for military as-
sistance. The Senate bill included such
an authorization, which was supported
by the executive branch. The Draper
Commission, as you know, had recom-
mended only a couple of weeks ago that
military assistance be authorized on a
continuing basis, and the Senate held
very strongly to its position on this mat-
ter. After prolonged discussion, a com-
promise was agreed to by which, after
the current fiscal year, such funds are
authorized for military assistance as may
be required for fiscal year 1961 and fiscal
year 1962. After this 2-year period, fur-
ther authorization will be necessary. It
is the belief of the House conferees that
this 2-year period should be regarded as
experimental in nature and that the
House will have an opportunity to ob-
serve the consequences of this type of
authorization before reaching a final de-
termination.
The conference faced a major issue
also in the case of the authorization for
the Development Loan Fund. The Sen-
ate bill authorized $2 billion for a 2-year
 12772
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 :?CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE July 22
period with the provision that $750 mil-
lion could be advanced to the Fund in
fiscal 1960 and the remaining $1,250
million could be advanced during fiscal
1961. We were able to arrive at a com-
promise, which held the fiscal 1960 au-
thorization to $700 million-the figure
approved by the House-and provided an
authorization for fiscal 1961 of $1,100
million.. This involved an overall reduc-
,'tion from the Senate figure of $200 mil-
lion. This was the best that we were able
to do, and I believe it is a reasonable
arrangement considering the situation
which exists in the Senate and supported
by the Executive.
There were two provisions of the Sen-
ate bill which had major implications to
our foreign policy. The first was a re-
quirement that $893,750,000 of the funds
authorized for military assistance had
to be used to provide assistance to the
NATO countries. Had this requirement
prevailed it would have made necessary
a cut s~f.43;ercent in military assistance
to the non-N ATTO nations. I firmly be-
lieve that, cut of?this magnitude in the
Msistance to he countries outside NATO
tvoui have seriously impaired our rela-
tions with, other nations and would have
been dang~ggrglls to our national security.
I am gfad-to be able to report that the
Senate receded on_,this point and the re-
quirezn`ent that a' specified amount of
t5yyassistance money should go to
the A`l`beopntries was completely
eliminated.
other ilnportant foreign policy
%i
problem presented by the Senate bill in-
volved the requirement that $31,500,000
of military assistance for Latin America
had to be used either for assistance to a
military'force organized and directed by
the Or of American' States or,
if not so used could be used only to pro-
vide economic assistance to Latin Ameri-
can Count; ies In this case 'the Organ-
ization of imericari States had no plans,
uo'a1lt hority or no7 desire to create such
a military;, force, and the result would
inevitably lave teen that the money
would have beep diverted from military
assistance to economic assistance. I am
glad to be'able to report that the House
conferees"were successful in their opposi-
tion to tni",s )provision and that this was
deleted from the bill.
It gives me great personal satisfaction
to be able to info"rm the House that the
prpvisiq`eontaied in the House bill for
the: se,11111111 tting lip of" an Inspector General
and Comptroller to supervise the opera-
tion of the mutual security program was
accepted by the Senate. I believe that
this provision will make a major contri-
bution to tightening up the administra-
tion of the mutual security program and
to improving its effectiveness. We
worked very hard in conference to secure
the approval of the Senate conferees to
this provision and feel great satisfaction
that we were successful.
With regard to other provisions of the
bill, we compromised on what seems to
me to be on the whole a 50-50 basis. It
was necessary for the House to recede
completely with respect to some amend-
znents and the Senate to recede com-
pletely with respect to others. Most dif-
ferences were resolved by the adoption of
compromise language. I do not believe
that we receded on any matter which
will handicap the United States in the
conduct of its foreign relations or which
involves the policies or precedents of the
House. in any conference it is necessary
to give and take in order to reach agree-
ment. I believe that the managers on
the part of the House have done a good
job, and I urge that the conference report
be adopted.
Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. MORGAN. I yield to the gentle-
man from Pennsylvania.
Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I am
gratified by the splendid assistance, those
of us who are interested in the surplus
population problem received from the
distinguished chairman of the Commit-
tee on Foreign Affairs and his colleagues
who participated in the conference on
this legislation in obtaining a clear and
unequivocal statement regarding the
availablity of counterpart funds for land
resettlement programs in Latin America.
We are hopeful that the administration
will now be guided in their negotiations
with some of our Latin American neigh-
bors by the findings and recommenda-
tions of the conferees.
For the purpose of further clarification
of the RECORD, I request unanimous con-
sent to include at this point copies of my
correspondence on this subject with the
Acting Secretary of State, Mr. C. Douglas
Dillon.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request'of the gentleman from Penn-
sylvania?
There was no objection.
The matter referred to follows:
JULY 10, 1959.
Hon. C. DOUGLAS DILLON,
Undersecretary of State,
Department of State,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. DILLON: You are aware, of course,
of the fact that the House of Representa-
tives has included in the mutual security bill
(H.R. 7500) section 205(a)(3) authorizing
the use of counterpart funds for the financ-
ing of land settlement projects defined in
section 400(b) (C) of the Mutual Security
Act of 1954, as amended.
This provision was originally submitted to
the House Committee on Foreign Affairs by
myself after it has been repeatedly indicated
to me in the course of negotiations leading
to the granting by the Development Loan
Fund of certain loans (in U.S. dollars) de-
signed to assist in the development of such
projects in Latin America, that existing law
does not authorize the use of foreign cur-
rency accruing either under the Mutual
Security Act or under the Agricultural Trade
Development and Assistance Act (Public Law
480 of the 83d Congress).
Having made an effort to have the Senate
include in their companion bill the provision
approved by the House, I am now informed
by the Senate Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions that according to comments received
by that committee from the executive
branch, the House provision is not deemed
to be necessary in view of the fact that "the
President presently has authority to make
loans for land resettlement purposes with-
out regard to section 1415 (of the Supple-
mental Appropriations Act of 1953) from
foreign currencies accruing" under either of
the above cited acts, I am further informed
that according to the opinion of the execu-
tive branch, "neither of these authorities is
subject to the requirement that foreign cur-
rencles for such loans be authorized from
time to time in appropriation acts." Conse-
quently, according to the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate, the present
statutory authority is sufficient to make for-
eign currencies available for loans to finance
land settlement projects determined to pro-
mote economic development of certain Latin
American countries as defined in clause (C)
of subsection (b) of section 400, supra.
The purpose of this letter is to obtain
from you a definitive determination whether
or not the views attributed to the executive
branch in the Senate committee's analysis
of the Mutual Security Act of 1959 reflect the'
official findings of the administration and
whether you are of the opinion that existing
law contains sufficient authority for the
granting of foreign currency loans for the
above defined land settlement projects.
In view of the fact that the House-Senate
conference committee on the Mutual Secu-
rity Act of 1959 is expected to begin their
work within the next few days, your early
attention to this request would be very much
appreciated.
Sincerely yours,
FRANCIS E. WALTER,
Chairman.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,'
Washington, July 15, 1959.
The Honorable FRANCIS E. WALTER,
Chairman, Subcommittee No. 1, Committee
on the Judiciary, House of Representa-
tives.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: In your letter of July
10, 1959, you asked me to confirm informa-
tion you have received from the Senate Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations concerning com-
ments supplied to it by the executive branch
regarding section 205(a)(3) of H.R. 7500
authorizing the use of counterpart funds for
financing certain land settlement projects.
I can confirm that the expressions quoted
in the third paragraph of your letter do rep-
resent the views of the executive branch.
These views are stated as follows in theposi-
tion paper on this matter provided by the
executive branch to the conferees on the mu-
tual security authorizing bill:
"The President presently has authority to-
make loans for land resettlement purposes
without regard to section 1415 of the Supple-
mental Appropriation Act, 1953, from foreign
currencies accruing under section 402 of the
Mutual Security Act and under Public Law
480 when such loans are determined to pro-
mote economic development under section
104(g) of Public Law 480. Neither of these
authorities is subject to the requirement
that foreign currencies for such loans be
specified from time to time in appropriation
acts.
If the intent of this amendment, apart
from Its effect, is to provide additional au-
thority to assist land resettlement' programs
in Latin America, on the assumption that
the present authorities for such assistance
were inadequate, the fact is, as indicated
above, that the existing authorities are al-
ready adequate for this purpose and there-
fore such an amendment would be unnec-
essary."
I am enclosing a copy of this position for
your convenience.
Sincerely yours,
Acting Secretary.
Mr. MORGAN. I am sure that there is
spelled out in the statement of the man-
agers on the part of the House protective
language that will satisfy the gentleman
from Pennsylvania, on this matter that
I know he has been deeply interested in
for a great many years.
Mr. GARY. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 1959
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE = 12773
Mr. MORGAN. I yield to the gentle-
man from Virginia.
Mr. GARY. Is it true that this bill as
now presented by the conferees has elimi-
nated all so-called back door approaches
to the Treasury, such as permitting the
organizations to borrow directly from the
Treasury rather than to go through the
appropriation processes?
Mr. MORGAN. That is correct..
Mr. GARY. All of the appropriations
are now required to go through the regu-
lar appropriation processes?
Mr. MORGAN. All of the appropria-
tions are now required to go through the
Committee on Appropriations.
Mr. GARY. It is not a question of go-
ing through the Committee on Appro-
priations, but a question of using the
appropriation processes so that they will
be acted upon by the Congress.
Mr. MORGAN. They all go through
that process.
Mr. GARY. I thank the gentleman.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the
distinguished Chairman yield?
Mr. MORGAN. I yield to the gentle-
man from Louisiana.
Mr. PASSMAN. I observe, on page 8,
the following: "Of the funds appropri-
ated pursuant to section 451(b) of this
act."
That is for the small business orgard-
zation within the program. The lan-
guage would indicate that the $2,500,000
requested would come out of the Presi-
dent's contingent fund; is that correct?
Mr. MORGAN. That is correct.
Mr. PASSMAN. Then, as we go over to
page 12 there is a new organization, In-
ternational Cooperation in Health. Is
that not a new section in the bill?
Mr. MORGAN. Did the gentleman say
on page 12?
Mr. PASSMAN. The item starts on
page 11.
Mr. MORGAN. Again, that money.
would come out of the contingency fund
if the President felt he wanted to use it.
Mr. PASSMAN. But under the pres-
ent legislation, the gentleman is not ask-
ing for an appropriation for this, so it
would naturally come out of the contin-
gency fund, and it so states.
Mr., MORGAN. We are not making
any separate authorization for the In-
ternational Cooperation in Health pro-
gram.
Mr. PASSMAN. Then, on page 14, we
find "United States participation in
World Refugee Year." That is a new
item or section of the bill, is it not?
Mr. MORGAN. That is a new item.
Mr. PASSMAN. And the money for
that also comes out of the President's
contingency fund?
Mr. MORGAN. Again, that is in sea-
tion 451(b), which is the contingency
fund.
Mr. PASSMAN. In that connection,
this legislation would set up a new or-
ganization, for which the future expense,
could be very substantial. If you get
them started out of the contingent fund,
then in he fuure they could come in for
a regular appropriation, and it is im-
possible at this time to determine what
the cost would be; is it not?
Mr; MORGAN. Well, we are now par-
ticipating in a number of international
refugee organizations. This does not
involve any new organization that I
know of.
Mr. PASSMAN. How about the small
business section and the health organ-
ization?
Mr. MORGAN. These amendments
were put in by the other body. They
had testimony that our own Govern-
ment agencies had a large surplus of
machine tools. They felt very strongly
about the amendment. I think the
House by eliminating the separate
authorizations and incorporating them
in section 451(b) was a victory for the
House.
Mr. PASSMAN. In both of these in-
stances, there is being set up, in effect,
two new organizations and in future
years the cost of operating the program
could be many, many times the amount
requested this year; is that not so?
Mr. MORGAN,. I do not believe any
new organization is necessarily involved,
some new operations may result. The
international health organization and
the world refugee organizations are not
new.
Mr. PASSMAN. How about the inter-
national health organization and this
proposed organization that you would
set up in Hawaii, the cultural program?
Mr. MORGAN. There is no money in
section 451(b) for that.
Mr. PASSMAN. I would like to ask a
further question, if the distinguished
chairman will yield.
Is this not true: Are these items, items
that you propose to finance out of the
contingent fund. Prom our experience
of what has happened in the past, the
executive to a very large extent has nul-
lified acts of Congress by reinstating the
cuts that we have made in a program,
because of this large contingent fund.
Mr. MORGAN. Well, you cannot
make that interpretation because these
provisions were not requested by the Ex-
ecutive and the Executive opposed put-
ting them -in the contingent fund.
Mr. PASSMAN. Is it not true, if I
may ask this final question, that prac-
tically all the money that was spent last
year out of the President's contingent
fund went to offset cuts made in other
programs by the Congress?
Mr. MORGAN. Of course, these pro-
grams are all subject to appropriation
limitations, as the gentleman knows.
The gentleman from Louisiana is the
chairman of the appropriations subcom-
mittee which can put limitations on ex-
penditures for them.
Mr. PASSMAN. I just wanted to find
out if the distinguished chairman un-
derstood that 80 percent of the con-
tingent fund last year was used to offset
cuts made by the Congress and the reg-
ular committees.
Mr. MORGAN. I have had no report
on this matter since the Foreign Affairs
.Committee concluded its hearings on
the mutual security bill.
Mr. PASSMAN. I thank the gentle-
man.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield to
,the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. MA-
sON] to make a unanimous consent re-
guest.
- Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to extend my re-
marks in the Appendix of the RECORD on
the subject that the bills S. 2014 and
H.R. 7391 should not pass.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Illionis?
There was no objection.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
such time as he may desire to the gen-
tleman from Wisconsin [Mr: ZABLOCKII.
Mr. ZABI4OCKI. Mr. Speaker, I be-
lieve that .tlie conference report on the
Mutual Security Act of 1959 contains a
reasonable and constructive compromise
between the provisions approved by the
House and those which originated in the
other body.
The conference report cuts deeply into
the request of the President-deeper, I
would say, than some of us have con-
sidered advisable in view of the overall
Communist threat. Further, it proposes
to put into effect certain reforms intend-
ed to eliminate those abuses in the ad-
ministration of our foreign aid program
which were brought to light by the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs and by other
sources. This legislation has been care-
fully drafted to safeguard our public in-
terest. The reforms it proposes are
sound and needed. I am pleased that
they remain in the final version of this
measure.
I sincerely hope that the conference
report on the Mutual Security Act of
1959 will receive prompt and overwhelm-
ing approval of this House.
At this point, I would like to devote a
few minutes to a discussion of an amend-
ment to the Mutual Security Act of 1959
which I proposed in the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, and which was adopted
by the committee and approved by the
House.
I am referring to the amendment to
section 400(c) of the mutual security
law, which authorizes the President to
use foreign currencies, credited to the
United States from the sale of our farm
surplus commodities and under certain
other programs, for medical research
and treatment centers founded or spon-
sored abroad by American citizens. This
amendment, in a clarified form, is in-
cluded in the conference report.
I would like to begin with a. brief
background of this amendment.
Several months ago, I was invited to
join a national committee organized for
the purpose of realizing the construction,
In Cracow, Poland, of a hospital for chil-
dren's diseases. This committee, the
American Research Hospital for Chil-
dren in Poland Committee, includes a
number of outstanding Americans.
Among them are the Honorable Ave-
rell Harriman, former Governor of the
State of New York; Hon. Percival F.
Brundage, former Director of the Bu-
reau of the Budget; Hon. Harrison A.
Williams, U.S. Senator from New Jersey;
Hon. Walter H. Judd, Member -of Con-
gress from Minnesota; Mr. Norman
Cousins, editor of Saturday Review; Mr.
Gardner Cowles, publisher of Cowles
magazines; Very Reverend Msgr. Aloy-
sius J. Wycislo, assistant executive direc-
tor of Catholic Relief Services; Dr. Earl
N. Hillstrom, medical adviser to CARE;
Dr. Stephen Miezwa, president of Kos-
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 CIA-RDP64B00346R0005000400214
 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
12774 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE July 22
cluszko "Foundations; Dr. Stanley J. G.
Nowak, head of the medical committee,
Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences;
Mr. Richard WReuter, executive direc-
for, oof CARh," &r, John H. Page, of the
American `ele, hone & Telegraph Co.
Mr. John Richardson, Jr., of the firm of
Paine, Webber' Jackson, & Curtis; and
others.
Mr. Wladek 0. Biernacki-Poray, mem-
ber of the American Institute of Arch-
itects, serves as the secretary of the
CofYittee. , o " organization has pre-
pared the desins for the proposed hos-
pital, and he "has expended considerable
effort on behalf of this project.
Dr,. Froward A. Rusk, director of phys-
ical rehabilitation at the New York
Hospital,arid associate editor of the New
York Times, serves as a special consult-
ant to the committee.
The project envisioned by the commit-
tee involves the construction of a re-
search. ,hospital in childrens' diseases,
of approximately 200 beds, in Cracow,
Poland, This hospital, made possible by
private contributions and Polish zlotys
sredited to our; Government, would serve
as a living testimonial of the friendship
of the people "of the United States for
the people of l {land. It would become
a part of the 'Medical Academy of the
t1nlver ity of Cracow, which university
Id1U celebrate its 600th anniversary in
1963 It .tt the fond hope of all inter-
ested Sersons that the project may be
completed In tfine'to be presented to the
people ,6f i nland during the Cracow Uni-
yerity's, 600th anniversary ceremonies.
'The cost of this project has been esti-
mated ata pproximately$4 million. The
American'esearch Hospital for Chil-
dred in Poland Committee hopes to raise
$1.5 million through voluntary contri-
butions in the United States. In addi-
tion, the equivalent of $2.5 million in
zlotys will be needed to pay for services,
labor, and materials purchased in Po-
land.
This is a constructive and humanitar-
Ian project. The need for such medical
facilities in Poland is extremely great.
It is particularly pressing in Cracow,
where even the passage of time and in-
dustrialization have done little to allevi-
ate the tragic consequences and the
ravages of war. The children in Poland
are still suffering sickness and miseries
of the postwar period, and, according to
reports from reliable people who have
surveyed the situation, medical facilities
available to them are most inadequate.
What could be finer, more construc-
tive, and more humanitarian on our part
than to extend a helping hand to the
suffering children of Poland by aiding
in the construction of this proposed hos-
pital? The bonds of friendship between
the people of the United States and the
people of Poland.are of long standing.
Sons of Poland fought for our freedom in
the Revolutionary War, and Americans
of Polish descent have contributed sub-
tantially, over the years, to the develop-
ment of our continent, and to the eco-
nomic and cultural progress of our Na-
tion. Then, too, the people of Poland
have long shared our love for liberty and
democracy. To this very day, In spite
of Communist domination, the people of
Poland retain their deep-seated respect
for the ideals of freedom and independ-
ence which we cherish so greatly.
I fully concurred with the American
Research Hospital for Children in Poland
Committee that this project warrants
and deserves the support and aid of our
Government. I have already described
the need for this hospital in children's
diseases. Further, the sponsoring com-
mittee has been organized, the plans for
the hospital prepared, and the cost has
been estimated. The initial steps have
been taken to raise through voluntary
contributions, the dollars necessary to
cover part of the expense. This is,
therefore, a clearly outlined, positive,
and going project.
The project does, however, need help,
particularly with respect to the portion
of construction expenses which will be
incurred in Poland. Those expenses can
be paid in zlotys, and will be equivalent
to approximately $2.5 million.
Several months ago, the Honorable
FRANK THOMPSON, Jr., of New Jersey,
prepared a draft of a bill to provide for
Government assistance to this project.
Legislation on this subject was subse-
quently introduced in the House of Rep-
resentatives.- This, legislative proposal,
in a modified form, became the core of
the amendment which I offered to sec-
tion 400(c) of the mutual security law.
Under my amendment, the President
will be authorized to use foreign cur-
rencies credited to the United States,
and appropriated from time to time, to
aid medical research centers sponsored
abroad by American citizens. It was
my specific intent, endorsed by the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, by the House
of Representatives, and by the conferees
on the mutual security bill of 1959, that
the proposed research hospital for chil-
dren's diseases in Cracow, Poland, be
aided by our Government under the au-
thority provided in this amendment.
I am particularly pleased that, under
this amendment, we will be able to con-
tinue our efforts to use our farm sur-
pluses in a constructive way. We have
been trying to reduce those surpluses-
which cost the American taxpayers an
estimated million. dollars a day in stor-
age fees alone-for several years. By
using foreign currency accrued from the
sale of those surpluses to aid the con-
struction of the childrens' hospital in
Cracow, we will be turning our abun-
dance of food into a blessing for the suf-
fering children of Poland.
'There is one last point that I want to
The type of assistance made available
for the childrens' hospital in Cracow is
fully consistent with the objectives of
U.S. foreign policy. This assistance has
the basic purpose of advancing better
understanding and friendly relations be-
tween the people of the United Ctates
and the anti-Communist people of
Poland. It is intended to demonstrate
to the freedom loving peoples every-
where that the central objective of U.S.
foreign policy is to foster the attainment
of peace in. the world, and to aid and
assist others in their efforts to conquer
disease and to improve their level of
living.
Mr. Speaker, I am making this state-
ment for the RECORD, so that the legis-
lative history of my amendment to sec-
tion 400(c) of the mutual security law
may clearly indicate congressional in-
tent to aid the proposed American Ile-
search Hospital for Children in Poland
under the authority given the President
in this provision.
Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, as a
member of the Foreign Affairs Commit-
tee of the House of Representatives I
had the pleasure of supporting my col-
league the gentleman from Wisconsin
[Mr. ZABLOCKII, who offered the amend-
ment to use foreign currencies, credited
to the United States for our surplus farm
products, to establish centers devoted to
medical research and treatment which
are founded by American citizens.
It seems to me that this is a historic
and significant use for these currencies.
It is particularly significant that one of
the first hospitals which may be estab-
lished pursuant to this legislation will
be located in Cracow, Poland, because at
this very moment Poland seems to be the
object of a considerable amount of woo-
ing on the part of the leaders of the
U.S.S.R. Poland undoubtedly has been
successful in freeing herself from com-
plete and absolute domination and con-
trol by the U.S.S.R. just as Yugoslavia
was successful in doing some years ear-
lier. And a hospital there could -play a
major role in further loosening Poland
from the web, indeed the shroud, which,
the U.S.S.R. is so busily weaving for the
proud and history-conscious peoples of
Poland who throughout history have
fiercely resisted and fought against for-
eign masters.
It seems to me that here is indeed al-
most a revolutionary instrument for the
cause of freedom which the United
States can wield in the cause of mankind
throughout the world.
Under this amendment, as has been
pointed out by our able colleague from
Wisconsin [Mr. ZABLOCKII, the President
will be authorized to use foreign cur-
rencies credited to the United, States,,
and appropriated from time to time, to
aid medical research centers sponsored
abroad by American citizens.
There is offered us, through this
amendment, the golden opportunity to
use our farm surpluses constructively in
the cause of peace.
There is a growing awareness of the
importance of using surplus food for
peace, and what we as a nation can do
to advance the cause of free men every-
where by this means.
We are blessed as no other nation has
ever. been through the long history of
mankind with food in abundance.
What a blessing this is, and, at the
same time, what a fearful responsibility
it is to use it wisely and well.
No other nation in the world at this
time has food in abundance and a sur-
plus of food.
The U.S.S.R. is a food deficit nation, its
vast and much-advertised agricultural
program is well known to be an almost
total flop.
Too few Americans appreciate the full
sweep of the possibilities open to us to
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : `CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 12775
force under the control of the Organi-
zation of American States for the pro-
tection of American states against ex-
ternal aggression." If the funds were
not used for that purpose, then they had
to go into the special assistance account
to promote economic development in
Latin America. This seemed to us to be
an unwise idea. Latin Americans have
not expressed any desire to have any
such Western Hemisphere armed force.
How large a force would it be? How
would it be constituted and organized?
Where would it be stationed? Who
would command it? Setting aside funds
now for such a nonexistent force would
not in our opinion improve the security
of the Western Hemisphere. As for
using the additional $30 billion for eco-
nomic assistance, only two Latin
American countries need grant assist-
ance, and they are taken care of in the
present program. The others need
loans, but they can get loans from exist-
ing loaning agencies. The Other body
receded and the conference report spee-
ifles that military assistance funds for
Latin America for this year shall not
exceed the amounts used for this pur-
pose last year.
Again, they had an authorization In
their bill that up to 30 percent of the
funds in "Title I, Military Assistance,"
could be transferred by the President
to other titles. This would mean that
more than $400 million could be trans-
ferred here or there as the President
pleased. It could make a shambles of
the military assistance program, and it
would make a farce of the military as-
sistance programing and of presenta-
tions before our appropriations commit-
tees. The House had rejected this same
provision in an amendment offered by
the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. ADAm1
and we persuaded the other body to
accept our position.
Again, in several places in the other
body's bill, funds were to be made avail-
able without going through the appro-
priation process. The House conferees
insisted on its position and the other
body eventually agreed.
As you recall we had a provision in
our bill setting up an Inspector General
and Comptroller, in order to focus in
one place responsibility for supervising
the accounting and the checking of end
use of all forms of assistance. The In-
spector General is to be responsible only
to the Under Secretary of State, so he
could get around bureaucratic attempts
to hide mistakes or waste, and do some-
thing about situations that needed cor-
recting. Complaints will go to him
about things being badly handled or
mismanaged. One difficulty in the past
has been that when conscientious em-
ployees have protested, their protests
have sometimes been smothered. Con-
gressmen have seen things that were
wrong; businessmen or visitors have
use food for the peaceful purposes of to initiate an effective interchange of
mankind, and of the free world. cultural and technical knowledge.
In introducing his so-called food for in its position at the crossroads of
peace legislation for himself and 10 co- the Pacific, Hawaii has enjoyed and
sponsors, Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY benefited from immediate contact with
declared that: the people of Asia and the Western
America's abundance of food and fiber is Hemisphere who have long held this area
a God-given blessing a powerful po- as a meeting place. Is has assimilated
tential asset in the world's struggle for peace the rich heritages of cultural tradition
and freedom. proffered by both the East and the West.
I joined with Senator HuMPHREY, the The walls of misunderstanding and en-
gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. Mi;- mity have gradually been broken down
GOVERN] and the gentleman from Wis- and replaced with human relationships
consin [Mr. JOHNSON] in offering the that abound in tolerance and apprecia-
legislation to use our surpluses, which tion of one for the other. Differences in
are costing literally hundreds of millions background, culture and tradition have
of dollars just to store here at home, in been utilized-rather than minimized-
the cause of peace and freedom. in developing a philosophy that has as
The establishment of medical centers its basis the importance of and necessity
devoted to medical research and treat- for diversity in the world's thinking.
ment. which are founded by American This legislation which I was pleased to
citizens abroad is, in my view, one of the cosponsor, would give impetus to the
very best ways tc use the surpluses we free flow of information and exchange
are shipping overseas. of ideas so urgently needed in our so-
More than three-fifths of these surplus ciety today, by providing the physical
commodities have been sold abroad for means and facilities to attract and bring
local currencies; 61/2 percent was do- together scholars and students from the
nated to foreign governments for emer- East and West. The specific plan to be
gency assistance; 19 percent has been developed and submitted to Congress
donated for foreign and domestic relief next January by the Secretary of State
through voluntary agencies and inter- will include data providing for the cen-
governmental organizations; while 13 ter through arrangements with public,
peri;ent was bartered abroad for stra- educational and other nonprofit institu-
tegic materials. tions. It will call for grants, fellowships
Under Public Law 480 more than two- and scholarships for students and
thirds of a billion dollars worth of food scholars from both the East and West
has been distributed abroad in 99 coup- so that they may come together and
tries and territories under the auspices engage in study at the center. The plan
of nonprofit charitable organizations Dn will also make the facilities of the center
a people-to-people basis. Last year, 24 available to other qualified persons on a
organizations supervised the movement reasonable basis.
of these commodities, including the Secretary of State Herter has given
American Friends Service Committee, this matter his personal endorsement
Church World Service, CARE and Cath- and support, and upon passage of this
olic Relief Services, legislation, is expected to proceed im-
The amendment offered by our col- mediately with his Department's active
league from Wisconsin [Mr. ZABLOCKI] participation in the project.
will expand the opportunities which are I commend the conferees for their
open to our people to carry the healing farsightedness and wisdom in approv-
servicesdeveloped by science to the poor ing this legislation and hope it will re-
and afflicted peoples in countries around ceive the speedy and hearty support of
the world, all Members of this Congress.
What more splendid and wonderful Mr. MORGAN, Mr. Speaker, I yield
way can there be to carry the message of 5 minutes to the gentleman from Min-
democracy to the troubled and the nesota [Mr. JUDD],
heavy-laden? Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, I think that
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield on the whole the House conferees did
such time as he may desire to the gentle- better in this conference than we prob-
man from Florida [Mr. FASCELL]. ably had a right to expect in maintaining
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the the House Position. We can report that
House and Senate conferees on the mu- on all of the major issues except two,
tual security bill have wisely agreed to among the 50 some items of difference
include in the conference report on this between the two bills, the view of the
measure a provision authorizing the House prevailed; and on those two, we
creation of a center for cultural and got a reasonable compromise.
technical interchange in Hawaii. The The other body had in its bill a.set-
language incorporating this Senate aside out of the military assistance of
amendment into the conference report about $900 million for NATO. This
on the mutual security bill are identical would have deprived the program of
to a measure I introduced to accomplish flexibility and would have weakened all
this, H.R. 8274. ' the non-NATO areas greatly. We got
To add to the abundant contributions them to recede on that and go more than
which Hawaii has already made to the
economy of our Nation in peacetime and
to the military defense of our Nation. in
wartime, the final passage of legislation
early this year granting statehood to this
bountiful area has provided our country
with a new and challenging opportunity
military assistance funds. ported them; but we could not seem
The other body also had a provision to get the pattern changed. So the
in its bill that would earmark $30 million House set up an Inspector General in
of the military assistance for Latin order that we could hold one man re-
America which could be used only for sponsible. Where something is believed
assistance to an "international military to be wrong and someone calls his at-
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : 'CIA-RDP64B00346,R0.00500040021-4
 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
2776 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
tention to it, he has got to investigate
and correct, if needed, or else be held
accountable by us. The State Depart-
ment did not want this Inspector Gen-
eral, but the House put it in and it Is
in the conference report. We think it
can be the most important step we have
taken In years to try to correct mistakes,
errors, abuses and, frankly, corruption
in certain instances. These cases in-
volve only a very small percentage of
the total operations, but they are what
give the whole program a black eye with
the public and with the Congress.
Mr.,, GROSS, Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr ~rUDD. I yield.
Ml' GIOSS.. Would this Inspector
General, ins anyway circumscribe the
Comptroller General if he tried to go
into thee questions?
Mr..JUDD.. No; it would not. If the
?gentleni li . will look at page 10 of the
bill and~pages $I and 33 of the committee
report, he will see that we have made it
perfectly clear that this Inspector Gen-
oral has tq coordinate his work with that
of the Comptroller General. The Comp-
troller eneral is the agent of the Con-
gress , We can send him to investigate
what we an inspector General
will be the chef tag of the Department
of State t police its own mutual assist-
anee operations.;, and also to advise and
c rsult J, Itb .the Defense Department re-
gardin is operations in this field.
Mr. At'. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr JUD T
I r. U4 Yiil the gentleman please
explain w in, providing for the com-
pensation of 'the office of the Inspector
General, and Cojilptroller, instead of
making, the expenses of his office pay-
able out- of the, general expense fund
where there would besome control over
it, it is provided.. that these expenses
should be paid ot of the field funds
without any check and without any limi-
tation?
Mr. it3pI). The reason is this: if this
officer's funds, corm out of the adminis-
trative Rinds, fie can be frozen out. We
have seen that l aapen in- the past.
Xf we E1 a et1 ejuuds for this officer
and his, f a#I available out of the program
funds fhemae_Tvea it _will prevent his
being: smothered by.. the bureaucrats
whale work lie ii inspecting, to the point
where he,cairiot really, do a good job.
Mr`. GAMY'. !%e bill does not provide
any limitation at all. Should there not
be a limitation as to the amount of funds
that he can expend in his work?
Mr. JUDD. The gentleman ys correct
that the bill does not provide any limita-
tion. I really think that probably more
of the funds ought to be spent on inspec-
tion than in the past. When we are deal-
Ing with operations involving $372 billion
spread all over the world, and we have
used only a tiny fraction of that for ad-
ministration, I think we have invited
some of the very irregularities, about
which we are unhappy.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. JUDD. I yield to the gentleman
from Louisiana.
Mr. PASSMAN. That is a tremendous
increase in the amount for administra-
tive expenses for the ICA. Would the
gentleman agree-that there should be
some type of limitation on the amount
of money that this new Inspector General
expends for travel and entertainment?
Mr. JUDD. No; I do not think we
ought to have any limitation on this new
officer except the limitation of the funds
that are in the bill, because I don't know
what the limitation should be. If Mr.
Dillon, Under Secretary of State for Eco-
nomic Affairs, sees fit to use more of the
program funds for inspection and polic-
ing rather than for just programs, I
think that is a good thing to do, at least
for this year, on an experimental
basis.
Mr. PASSMAN. In other words, the
gentleman does not believe there should
be any limitation as to what this gentle-
man could and should spend?
Mr. JUDD. That is correct, because
we are not in any position as yet to know
what a reasonable limitation would be.
This is a new function, and I think the
Inspector General's problem is going to
be to get enough funds from the De-
partment. I am not worried about his
getting too much. It will not take any
more out of the taxpayers' pockets, if
he does use more.
Mr. PASSMAN. Is this program out
of the taxpayers' money?
Mr. JUDD. Yes.
Mr. PASSMAN. So it would come out
of the pockets of the taxpayers?
Mr. JUDD. Certainly, but it will not
be additional funds out of their pockets.
If there is more for inspection, there is
that much less for operations. I think
more of the funds should go into the
policing of the operations, rather than
continue to be used all for more of the
same kind of operations that have been
wasteful.
Mr. PASSMAN. Does the gentleman
have a precedent for establishing a posi-
tion of this kind without any limitation
on expenditures?
Mr. JUDD. Yes. In the State De-
partment basic legislation there is pro-
vision for an Inspector in the Foreign
Service. He has even greater authority
than this man will have. He can go
into a post and suspend a person or sus-
pend anoperation on his own authority,
subject to the decision of the Secretary.
I read that act and there is no limita-
tion on the amount of money available
for the Inspector in the Foreign Service.
Mr. PASSMAN. It is rather loose,
and the sky is the limit?
Mr. JUDD. No; the sky is not the
limit. There is only so much money
provided in the whole bill. Some can
be used for administrtion and some can
be used for programs. Do you not want
to use more of the money for policing
programs that we are criticing?
Mr. PASSMAN. Oh, we know the
same gentleman is going to run it.
Mr. JUDD. The gentleman to whom
my friend is perhaps referring discovered
on his own almost everything wrong
brought out by the gentleman's commit-
tee and by the Hardy committee, as well
as our own committee. This gentleman
reported these things that were wrong,
r -July 22
he protested, but the protest was buried.
We want to correct that situation. Un-
der this new setup, he will.have full
responsibility and if he does not take
care of it, he will be held accountable.
Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. JUDD. I yield to the gentleman
from Michigan.
Mr. BENTLEY. Will the gentleman
explain to the House this section 101:
Programs of military assistance subsequent
to the fiscal year 1960 program shall be
budgeted so as to come into competition for
financial support with other activities and
programs of the Department of Defense.
Mr. JUDD. This is amodification of
language that was put in by the other
body. The purpose is to test out the
statement made again and again by our
military leaders that mutual security is
part and parcel of our defense, it is just
as important as our own Armed Forces.
For the next 2 years they will have to
bring in a defense budget with one part
of it, or one title or one chapter of it, for
military assistance, alongside its requests
for our own Military Establishment. If
they ask more for military assistance to
others, they will have to take more out
of their own funds. We will find out
whether they really believe that military
assistance is part and parcel of our de-
fense and just as important as their own
flattops, planes, or submarines.
Mr. Speaker, one of the two maj or
items of compromise was the Develop-
ment Loan Fund. The other body had
authorized $750 million this year and
the second year's authorization of $1,250
million. - The conferees compromised on
$700 million for fiscal year 1960 and
$1,100 million for fiscal year 1961-a re-
duction of $200 million.
The other was the Senate provision
giving continuing authorization without
limitation for appropriations for military
assistance. The House conferees reject-
ed any such permanent authorization
and got the Senate to accept a continu-
ing authorization for the next 2 fiscal
years- on an experimental basis. We
make clear in our statement that the
legislative committees will review the
military assistance programs as in the
past, we will have a military assistance
title in our bill each year just as now,
and we will legislate as heretofore on
all matters of policy. In1962 the whole
program will come back to us for what-
ever action we decide on as the result
of the experiment.
Many Members have favored complete
separation of military and economic as-
sistance. This will give partial separa-
tion for 2 years. I believe it is a reason-
able compromise.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2
minutes to the gentleman from Mon-
tana [Mr. ANDERSON].
(Mr. ANDERSON of Montana asked
and was given permission to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ANDERSON of Montana. Mr.
Speaker, I want to defend the American
mutual security program in Vietnam.
I visited Vietnam last November, and I
speak against the backdrop of what I
learned on the ground.
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 ?1959
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 12777
Of course, we want to get the most
out of our mutual security dollar. But
let us remember the devastation wracked
on this little country by the Commu-
nists-let us remember the heroism with
which they have rolled back the Com-
munists in Southeast Asia.
Certainly a sensation seeking reporter
can go into any operation, military, gov-
erment-yes, or private business-and
advertise for the troublemakers and dis-
sidents to air their beefs; and in any
operation, including almost any big busi-
ness you care to name, he can come out
with a story more sensational than the
one currently being aired on Vietnam.
Mr. Speaker, I spent some time in
Vietnam, and I have studied the situa-
tion there. I want to express my opinion
that we have gotten more than cur
money's worth for the dollars spent in
Vietnam to halt the spread of commu-
nism in Southeast Asia. General Wil-
liams, chief of JUSMAAG in Vietnam,
has done an outstanding job of building
an efficient military machine that wi11
do the job there. He has created from
nothing one of the best small armies in
Asia, and it is 100 percent anti-Commu-
nist. General Williams has worked
miracles, but at the same time he has
been vigilant and dedicated as -a watch-
dog over the dollars spent in military aid
in Vietnam. Newspaper accounts are
guilty of inaccurate reporting when they
allege that our expenditures are not
properly supervised.
The aid to Vietnam has of necessity
been largely directed toward establishing
a military force capable of defending this
little country. The officers of the
MAAG, under General Williams' ex-
tremely competent direction, have estab-
lished a very close, working relationship
with the Vietnamese Government and
actively assist not only in the prepara-
tion of the Vietnamese military budget,
but in supervising the execution of that
budget. The relationship between t:he
Vietnamese Government officials and the
MAAG is possibly as close and fruitful as
any such relationship in the world.
When MAAG-Vietnam started its opera-
tions, the Vietnamese Government had
not had experience in preparing budgets
or supervising the expenditure of funds,
and the Government has accepted whole-
heartedly the guidance of the American
officers in establishing effective controls
on the use not only of the U.S. money,
but of the Vietnamese funds.
In addition, the American officers ad-
vise on the training and the logistical op-
erations of the Vietnamese armed forces
from the highest level in defense down
to and including the combat battalions,
and they have established controls and
records utilizing the most modern cost-
saving methods.
When I was in Vietnam last year, I had
an opportunity to observe this small but
highly efficient army which has operated
under difficult conditions. The country-
side still has Communist bands supplied
and directed from the North, operating
against not only the Vietnamese Gov-
ernment, but the American personnel
helping the Vietnamese. When I was
there, I noticed the protection provided
to me and was impressed with the efforts
the Vietnamese made to safeguard those
who are trying to help them. The Com-
munists have threatened and attempted
on numerous occasions to assassinate
American personnel, and all Americans
working in Vietnam know that they are
in danger. Numerous attempts on their
lives have been made, but fortunately,
so far, only two Americans have died at
the hands of Communist agents. These
two men, Maj. Dale R. Buis and M. Sgt.
Chester M. Ovnand, gave their lives as
much for the free world in Vietnam as
they would have on the battlefields of
Korea. Attempts to make such people
appear as living too well are ill advised.
During the last 5 fiscal years, exclud-
ing the months of April, May, and June,
1959, for which figures are not yet avail-
able, the ICA has shown expenditures
of $922,651,000 in Vietnam, which, if
broken down, would probably show two-
thirds going to defense support to in-
clude the pay and allowance of Viet-
namese troops, construction of barracks,
and similar items. The remainder, prob-
ably not exceeding $50 million a year,
has been directed towards the economic
development of the country. Notable
progress has been made in opening the
road net closed by years of war so that
commerce could again move. With
American help, nearly a million refugees
from the Communist terror are $eing
resettled' in South Vietnam, new lands
are being cultivated and old lands re-
opened. This is particularly praise-
worthy when one considers the lots of
refugees in other parts of the world,
such as the Middle East. American help
has also brought new crops to Vietnam
to permit a diversification of the old
two-crop agricultural system. Fisheries
have been established, providing liveli-
hood for additional people, reducing the
price of food, and creating a new export
commodity.
The United States has assisted in the
importing of equipment to renovate the
industries destroyed during the long war
and to establish new ones. In this cate-
gory one finds textiles, plastics, clothing
manufacture, rubber and tire processing,
power generating facilities, assembly
plants for vehicles, pharmaceutical
processing plants, numerous secondary
processing industries, and new home
handicraft industries.
An industrial development center has
been established looking forward to still
further industrial expansion, and con-
siderable aid has been given in the field
of education, including the training of
teachers, providing equipment for
schools, and general advice to the Viet-
namese Ministry of Education.
Despite all these advances, made un-
der the brillant leadership of President
Ngo Dinh Diem, it is true that Vietnam
must look to the free world for con-
tinuing assistance for some years to
come. As a principal bastion of the free
world, she must maintain forces ade-
quate to defend herself and to act as a
deterrent to Communist onslaughts in
southeast Asia. The very presence of
this force in being has created the sta-
bility that exists in Indochina, and it is
interesting to note that the only place
in the world where a Communist-occu-
pled area has been recovered by the free
world is in Indochina. The two north-
ern provinces of Laos were once under
Communist rule, and only very recently
has the free government of Laos been
able to reestablish its control.
The United States is currently assist-
ing South Vietnam in establishing a
number of small radio stations and one
medium-size station near the border of
Communist North Vietnam, in an at-
tempt to counteract the powerful and
effective radio propaganda emanating
from Communist North Vietnam and
from Communist China. In Phnom
Penh, Cambodia, there is now a powerful
transmitter, given to the Cambodian
Government by Communist China, with
Communist technicians operating it,
which comes strongly into South Viet-
nam with all its criticisms of the Viet-
namese Government. From North Viet-
nam come also the powerful transmis-
sions of the Communist forces, and there
are many places in Vietnam where today
only the voice of Vietnam's enemies can
be heard. Radio Hanoi is now broadcast-
ing the most violent hate America cam-
paign, including such vile inventions as
the story that American officers use help-
less women and children as machine gun
targets and for bayonet practice. It is
essential that we move fast in assisting
the Vietnamese in counteracting this sit-
uation, for Radio Hanoi in North Viet-
nam is joining Peking and Moscow as one
of the three most powerful stations in the
world.
Negotiations are underway in ICA,
Washington, for purchase and delivery of
a 50,000 watt medium wave station to be
constructed in Hue in the northern por-
tion of South Vietnam. This station will
enable the South Vietnam Government
to influence sympathetic Vietnamese
north of the 17th parallel and counter
the enemy propaganda.
In the Far East a grim struggle con-
tinues against communism, in Taiwan
Straits, in Indonesia, in Burma. In this
struggle Vietnam represents the only
clearcut major victory for the free world
ill the last 5 years. This is an aid pro-
gram which has paid dividends far be-
yond expectations and the United States
can be proud of the results. Any efforts
to diminish or disrupt this assistance
could well lead to disaster not only to us
but to the entire free world. I honestly
believe Vietnam can be properly used as
as example of how we should assist other
new countries.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
3 minutes to the gentleman from
Michigan [Mr. BENTLEY].
Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, my re-
marks should under no circumstances be
taken as criticizing the conferees on the
part of the House who, I am sure, did
the best job capable in conference with
the members from the other body on
this bill. Nevertheless, I point out the
rather remarkable fact that the House
authorized a figure of $3,542,600,000, the
Senate amendment to the House bill was
less than $1 million in excess of that,
and the conferees then came. up with a
figure of $3,556,200,000 which is higher
than the authorization figure either as
it passed the House or as it passed the
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 12778_
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 22
Senate. I suppose that is possible, but it
is rather remarkable, I think, that the
conferees did increase the authorization
figure of the bill both as it passed the
House and also as it passed the Senate.
I would also like to point out to Mem-
bers that in addition to the $3.5 plus bil-
lion contained in the conference author-
isation, there is, for the purposes of the
Developlnent I,oan Fund, an additional
authorization of $1.1 billion to be ad-
vanced7 prior to July 1, 1961. So, as I
say, we are faced with an additional 2-
year authorization for this program in
excess of this $3.5 billion plus figure
which we are considering today.
Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Mr. BENTLEY. I yield to the gentle-
man from Texas.
Mr. BURLESON. I take it that ex-
plains why the conferees have actually
agreed 'on a greater amount than that
approved,, by the House or the other
body.
Mr. BENTLEY. No. I think, If the
gentleman from Texas will look at these
figures, he will find that the figure as -
approved by the conferees is in excess
(?t .both the Senate and the House figure
even without that $1.1 billion to be
authorized over the next 2 years:
Mr. "BUFtLESON. The gentleman
was complimentary to our conferees. I
am complimentary to the conferees, and
as. I look at"_ this report, which I have
not pact, time to study, it seems to me
that `the conferees on the part of the
House have done all the yielding. Here
Is 6. total flgilre in this report that is in
. excess o f the House or the Senate figure.
I just did not know that was done, but
It is.
Mr $DNY"f,F,,Y, I prefer to yield to
the chairman if he desires to refer to
that fact.
Mr. MORGIAll. Of course, if the gen-
tleman. will examine the table in the
confer" eilce report, he will see, item by
item, that the conferees stayed within
the limitations of the two bills.
Mr." l 4. But then how was
the fixl fig re in excess of both au-
thgrizations, Mr. Chairman? 11 ?.Mr. MORGAN. The final figure was
in excess because the compromise fig-
ures-arrived at added up that way.
Mr.,BZN'X LEY. But it is not included
In:this $l.1 billion adi ance authorization
foil. tale pevelopment Loan Fund, is it?
Mr`. MORGAN. No. That is not in-
Mr. BENTLEY. i thank the gentle-
man. As I say, I am sure the conferees
of the House did the best job they could
with the bill that passed the House, but
obviously,those of us who opposed the
bill in the House would have no reason
for changing our position now with this
conference report.
I thank the gentleman.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
such time as she may desire to the gentle-
woman from Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON].
Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, the
House can be proud of the works of its
conference committee. It was a difficult
conference, starting with 56 points in
disagreement. It ended with all Im-
portant differences resolved in our favor.
No conference is ever entirely one-sided,
there has to be some give and take, es-
pecially when most of the take Is on our
side. That our conferees were such ex-
cellent traders is something we can feel
extremely pleased with the results. I
congratulate the chairman and those
who accompanied him and this House
for having men of tact, patience, and wis-
dom to serve on the conference com-
mittee for the mutual security bill.
(Mrs. BOLTON asked and was given
permission to revise and extend her re-
marks.) -
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
such time as he may desire to the gen-
tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc-
CORMACK].
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I
ask unanimous consent that the Com-
mittee on Rules may have until midnight
tonight to file certain reports.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Mas-
sachusetts?
There was no objection.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr; Speaker, I yield
8 minutes to the gentleman from Vir-
ginia [Mr. GARY].
Mr. GARY. Mr. Speaker, what I have
to say is certainly not to be construed as
any criticism of the conferees on the
part of the House. I think they have
dor! the best job that they could. I
particularly desire to commend them for
their success in eliminating from the
bill all direct borrowing from the Treas-
ury, which has been frequently referred
to on this floor as the back-door ap-
proach to the Treasury, because I think
that was one of the most dangerous fea-
tures of the bill. Iri my judgment it is
one of the most dangerous tendencies
that we are facing in the Congress to-
day, and I know that some of the Mem-
bers of the other body were very in-
sistent on that approach in this bill.
I do want to call attention, however,
to two things in the bill. I have always
voted for the mutual security bill, al-
though I have tried to hold the appro-
priations down to a reasonable mini-
mum. I find it difficult now, however,
to convince myself that this is the time
for new programs. It seems to me that
the time has come when the program
should be tapering off, and we should be
cutting down activities instead of em-
barking on new programs. Yet, there
are two entirely new programs in this
bill. One is to be found on page 11,
International Cooperation in Health.
We did not have that in the House bill.
It never came before the House. Yet
here we are entering upon a brandnew
program without a committee of the
House having had any opportunity
whatever to study it, to consider it, to
pass upon it.
We are already spending approxi-
mately $85 million a year for health ac-
tivities under this program. We con-
tribute nearly $5 million a year to the
World Health Organization of the
United Nations. Now this new program
is proposed. Let me read it to you:
The Congress of the United States recog-
nizes that large areas of the world are being
ravaged by diseases and other health defi-
ciencies which are causing widespread suf-
fering, debility, and death, and are seriously
deterring the efforts of peoples in such areas
to develop their resources and productive ca-
pacities and to Improve their living condi-
tions. The Congress also recognizes that in-
ternational efforts are needed to assist such
peoples in bringing diseases and other health
deficiencies under control, in preventing
their spread or reappearance, and in elimi-
nating their basic causes. Accordingly, the
Congress affirms that it is the policy of the
United States to accelerate its efforts to en-
courage and support international coopera-
tion in programs directed toward the con-
quest of diseases and other health defi-
' ciencies.
It is true they do not ask for any direct
appropriation to implement the pro-
gram, but they do provide that $2 million
may be taken from the contingency fund.
We have heard how costly socialized
medicine is in England. I am afraid
once we begin this program, we will soon
be trying to establish a program of so-
cialized medicine for the entire world.
I think it is a very dangerous step.
In the second place, section 601 pro-
vides-and here is another new program :
The purpose of this chapter is to promote
better relations and understanding between
the United States and the nations of Asia
and the Pacific (hereinafter referred to as
"the East") through cooperative study and
research, by establishing in Hawaii a Center
for Cultural and Technical Interchange Be-
tween East and West, either as a branch of
an existing institution of higher learning
or as a separate institution, where scholars
and students, in various fields from the na-
tions of the East and the Western World
may meet, study, exchange Ideas and views,
and conduct other activities primarily in
support of the objectives of the U.S. Infor-
mation and Educational Exchange Act of
1948, as amended, and title III of chapter
II of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 ands
other acts promoting the international edu-
cational, cultural, and related activities of
the United States.
That contemplates the establishment
of a school. It contemplates grants,
fellowships, and scholarships and various
other inducements, because, the law says,
we must make it attractive so people will
attend the school.
I submit, Mr. Speaker, that if we are
going to embark upon programs of this
kind, at least they should have the con-
sideration and the study of a House
committee. That has not been done in
this instance.
Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. GARY. I yield.
Mr. BAILEY. I should like to ask the
gentleman this question, since he par-
ticipated in redrafting section 505(b)
when this legislation was before the
House. Just what changes are made in
the Senate version of this proposal to
divert the payment of interest and prin-
cipal on loans that now are coming into
the Treasury to the Redevelopment
Fund, in counterpart funds? Just what
did the Senate do to the House bill in
that respect?
Mr. GARY. It is my understanding
that the use of any funds now has to be
authorized by the Congress under regu-
lar appropriation procedures. They are
not permitted to use those funds unless
they are so authorized in appropriation
bills. The chairman of the committee
has so stated.
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA,, RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 i~v~ ^rr?.,....,. .,. ,...CCli~fl72C7S.7Jr1L'JT'9,elfi".1 1.'? 'V =,:J U S~...,......~....~. 1,2779
Mr. BAILEY. The bill as it ,is right It is not obligated and it will not be un- Mr. ADAIR. And, in the meantime,
now provides that U.S. dollars are re- til a contract is finally signed. But, -the in the opinion of the gentleman, if it is
ceived in repayment of principal and $5 million is tied up for that program thought to be necessary, could this pro-
in the payment of interest and that any until the negotiations are completed or vision of the law be rewritten and
repayments made under this section they fall through. So it may be correct changed?
shall be deposited in "Miscellaneous re- when the gentleman says $225 million Mr. -JUDD. On page 19, we have this
ceipts" of the Treasury. That seems to were unobligated, but when they are statement:
be a Senate amendment. That was not in process of negotiation, they are com- It was the consensus of the managers on
In the original bill. That is a good ges- mitted and are not free to be used or the part of the House and the senate that
ture, but that is all it is, because none programed for any other purpose. on the basis of such continuous review the
of those nations will pay its obligations Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the Congress might at any time deem it appro-
in American money when they can do it gentleman yield? priate to reestablish annual dollar authori-
in their own currency, In fact, you only spent about $50 mil- nations for military assistance.
Mr. GARY. When it is paid into the lion out of all the money we have given. So if we do not like its operations by
Treasury, it has to be appropriated out I am only trying to establish the fact next year, we can put a ceiling on ap-
of the Treasury, which is as it should be, that you actually had $225 million un- propriations in the authorizing legisla-
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the obligated and you had not gone into tion.
gentleman yield? the matter of contracts far enough to Mr. ADAIR. So it was the view of the
Mr. GARY. I yield. the point that you could even reserve the conferees that this action related only to
Mr. PASSMAN. I share the distin- funds. dollar values in the'bill?
guished gentleman's concern about these Mr. JUDD. The administrators of Mr. JUDD. That is right.
two new programs. It could be some- the Development Loan Fund did. exactly Mr. ADAIR. And in nowise would de-
what like the Development Loan Find, what we asked them to do. We asked crease the information on and study of
which started off very low and then :first them to be very careful and to study the program by the Committees on For-
thing you know, it was doubled and these things very thoroughly before eign Affairs and Foreign Relations.
tripled. It is my understanding that last signing on the dotted line. And I com- Mr. JUDD. The gentleman has stat-
year the House passed a $300 million mend them for doing that. ed it correctly.
appropriation for the Development Loan Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 The SPEAKER. The time of the gen-
Fund. Then, at a subsequent date, they minutes to the gentleman from Indiana tleman from Indiana has expired.
had a $150 million supplemental appro- [.Mr. ADAIR]. . Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2
priation. But, this year there is $700 Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, I have minutes to the gentleman from Iowa
million in the bill authorized for fiscal asked for this time to put a question or [Mr. GROSS].
year 1960, which is double the amount two either to the chairman of the For- (Mr. GROSS asked and was given per-
the House approved last year. But, in eign Affairs Committee or to the con- mission to revise and extend his re-
addition, thereto you have an author.iza- ferees on the minority side. By this marks.)
tion calling for $1,100 million to be appro- conference report, we have authorized Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I regret
priated for some future date. I should military assistance expenditures for 2 that I was late getting to the House floor
like to ask the distinguished chairman years hence. Is that correct? from a subcommittee meeting in which
of the full committee if it is his under- Mr. JUDD. That is correct. we heard certain witnesses from the In-
standing with reference to this Develop- Mr. ADAIR. What was the feeling of ternational Cooperation Administra-
ment Loan Fund that notwithstanding the conferees with respect to the ques- tion. At the hearing we learned there
the fact we made a lot of fuss about the tion as to who and what committee and among other things that this country
supplemental a few weeks ago, actually, under what circumstances would hear has between 30 and 40 people still in
the agency finished the .year with $225,- evidence concerning the military pro- Iraq where the giveaway program has
496,000 in the Development Loan Fund gram before it went to the appropria- been halted for many months. Appar-
unobligated. Now, they did claim that tions committee. ently Kassem does not want our hand-
they had committed $212 million, but Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, will the outs.
they actually had unobligated $225 nail- gentleman yield? - These 30 to 40 employees draw hard-
lion. Is that the gentleman's under- Mr. ADAIR. I yield. ship allowances in Iraq in addition to
standing? Mr. JUDD. The gentleman will re- regular pay and other allowances and
Mr. MORGAN. Of course, we have no call that the other body had a provision are being maintained there until they
information about the supplemental ap- giving a permanent authorization for can be reassigned. I must say that that
,propriation and how those funds were military assistance so that the Pentagon is a most extravagant and nonsensical
obligated because our hearings closed be- would never again have to come back to operation.
fore the supplemental appropriation bill our committee. We opposed that. We Mr. JOHANSEN. Mr. Speaker, will
was signed by the president. finally settled on a 2-year authorization the gentleman yield?
The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- beyond the current fiscal year, as an ex- Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman
tleman from Virginia has expired. periment. We made it perfectly clear from Michigan.
Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the that each year the Defense Department Mr. JOHANSEN. I want to associate
gentleman
i
ld f
y
e
or a clarification? is must come to the Committee on Foreign myself with the statement the gentleman
it not true that out of the appropriation Affairs of the House and to the Commit- has just made. I was at the same com-
total for the fiscal year 1959, both regu- tee on Foreign Relations of the other mittee hearing.' The gentleman from
lar and supplemental, on June 30 they body and present their case for military Virginia [Mr. GARY) mentioned new au-
had $225 million unobligated in the De- assistance just as they have had to do thority with regard to International Co-
velopment Loan Fund? heretofore, and that legislation on policy operation and Health Organization. I
Mr. MORGAN. The gentleman deals matters will be recommended and pre- suppose embarking on that means that
every day with these figures. If he so sented to the House in the mutual secu- we will have a hospital construction pro-
states I am willing to take his word as rity bill just as is done now. There will gram without limit.
to their accuracy. always be in our bill a title I, dealing Mr. GROSS. Yes, and the witnesses
The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman with military assistance, but it will not appearing before our subcommittee in-
from Pennsylvania yield himself time? have in it a figure as to the amount that dicated that they are anticipating just
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield can be authorized. That will be deter- that, because they testified they would
myself 1 additional minute. mined for those 2 experimental years have to put more people on the ICA pay-
Mr. JUDD. I think the point here by the Committee on Appropriations, roll. They are anticipating that, as well
hinges on the_ use of the word "obligat- _ At . the end of that time, they will have as other expansions. It is high time
ed
" In tide Devel
ent L
F
.
opm
oan
und_ to tome back to the regular authorizing
wh
n
th
en
ey e
ter a certain. Stage in the ne-
gotiatioiis on a contract, if it is going to
cost $5 million, they reserve $5 million.
No, 123-9
committees to explain how it has worked
out and we will decide what we do from
there on.
Approved For Release 2005/01/2
some agency of Government put an end
to such crookedness in the foreign give-
away program as permitting one em-
ployee to purcha. e,,,a $600, 1947 model
 Cadillac in New Jersey, ship it thousands voived in this measure. A new one is to the proclamation of the President for an
of miles to Laos at Government expense, be found on page 23 of the conference International Refugee Year plus the $10
and then sell it to an official of an Amer- report. You will find it under the head- million provided in this bill for some
scan' construction company In Laos, ing "United Nations Technical Assist- vague purpose, will have the result of
which was the recipient of International ante Program." It provides for $100 mil- opening up our doors to people who can
Cooperation Administration contracts, lion, to which the United States con- not otherwise gain entry into this coun-
for some' $2,000. This 1947 Cadillac tributes 40 percent. try under present immigration laws. I
was apparently inoperable at the time Now, Mr. Speaker, our colleagues of know of no better way to weaken and
and when an investigation of this deal the Foreign Affairs Committee who wreck our immigration laws than to
was started it was cut up with welding served as conferees will tell you that this accept such a proposition.
torches and the pieces dropped down a is not a new program, but a substitute Mr. Speaker, the American Legion
well to get it out of sight. for the rejected and discredited SUNFFD legislative bulletin dated July 13, 1959,
excellent discussion on
a ver
th
t
y
e presen
s
Mr.,, JOHANSEN. The program for program. Our representatives to
the next fiscal year contemplates a 15 United Nations rejected SUNFED, but this subject. I subscribe wholeheartedly
percent' increase ib program personnel. agreed to this program which is its sue- to the following, and I quote:
Mr. GLOSS. ' `That is right, aiid this cessor, if not SUNFED itself in another The motivation behind the pleas and de-
bill as it is before us today would em- guise. mands for the admission of more and more
1 A immigrants through changes in basic laws
s-
h
tal and medical care program, the cost
of which no one can estimate. Here
also is the start of a so-called cultural
center f i "Hawaii, the ultimate cost of
which is unknown. In view of the finan-
cial situation in this country, how utterly
0 stupid can we get? 'I am completely and
unalterably opposed-to this legislation.
The SPEAKER. The time of the gen-
tleman from Iowa has expired.
Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, will the
,gentleman from Pennsylvania yield so
that I may ask the gentleman from Iowa
a question?
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1
minute to the gentleman from North
Carolina.
Mr. JONAS. The gentleman from
Virginia commented on chapter 6. The
gentleman from Iowa also referred to
chapter 6, but no one has read the pro-
visions of section 603 under that chap-
er which seem to me to be an authoriza-
tion without any limitation whatsoever.
MrJUDD. W. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
M. JONAS. I yield.
Mr. J'UDD. This authorization was
inserted; by the. other body. There had
to be some compromises. We insisted
on our `Inspector General and we ac-
cepted their provision for a study of this
proposed new program. It is for a study
only. There is authorization for funds
to make a plan and propose a program.
There is no authorization for funds to
carry it out.
Mr. JONAS. )But it is an authoriza-
tion without limitation. It reads:
"There are authorized to be appropri-
nlca
The United Nations Tec
sistance Program is headed by Mr. Paul * * * or one after the other of the special
Hoffman, who in a recent speech said we laws that bring to this country hundreds of
Should spend $3 billion in the next 5 thousands of persons in addition to the reg-
ular flow of immigration-like the Displaced
years on projects determined by United Persons Act right after World War II, or the
Nations personnel under this program. Refugee Act of more recent vintage, and
In a more recent speech in the city of many other public and private acts * * * is
Detroit, he said we should spend $30 bil- not too difficult to understand. We appre-
lion over the next 10 years for this pur- ciate that many well-intentioned persons
pose. seek these changes out of the goodness in
Now, insofar as I am able to determine, their hearts-through a desire to aid human-
ity. But for the most part we think it is
the purpose of the present authorization prompted by the personal desires of count-
is to send people all over the world to seek less individuals who have emigrated in this
programs for which this $3 billion or country and who have now become so strong
$10 billion can be spent. It . says they are inpoo politics that axe
erin positions ode-
to seek ways and means for developing a
from their ratio -liberal legislation
as
human and material resources of less from from every other echelon of
developed nations. In other words, we well ll government- at rom os the Nation's Capitol down
do not already have enough people seek- through the State offices to the local wards.
ing projects to foster on nations which, That is how we see it. The problem in-
in many instances, cannot afford them creases in size and scope, like a snowball
and which in many instances have had rolling downhill.
their economy upset by overspending, but We hear a great deal about the need for
we are creating a new agency for the humane consideration of the separated f am-
same purpose. The only difference in ilies. Practically every pro-immigration
these numerous other programs and this speech contains reference to these separated
families and that we must, in the name of
new one is, at least, it is American per- all that is good, liberalize the laws so the
sonnel who discovers and recommends families can be reunited. Few of the
projects. In the case of the United speeches, if any, tell you how most of the
Nations technical asistance : program, separations came about. It works something
not one U.S. citizen is in the organza- like this: Consider any country with an im-
tion except Mr. Paul Hoffman. The migration quota to the United States, and
others have a radical Socialist back- remember that quota-immigrants may not
exceed the number assigned by us to that
ground from England, Canada, France, particular country. So one of its citizens
and the West Indies. Not one American wants to come over here for permanent resi-
who actually does the work is involved. dence: he applies for a visa, and if he meets
You accept this sort of thing when you the necessary health and individual respon-
vote for this conference report. sibility tests and comes within the quota for
I wish time would permit to go into the year, the visa is granted. Now suppose
this matter more thoroughly, but I also the man has a wife and children. He has
but one visa and cannot bring his family but
want to call your attention to another he chooses to come alone. There is a sep-
new program, which is the very last item arated family.
such amounts as may be necessary to in the conference report. It seems reasonable and logical that the
carry, oout the provisions of this chap- Some months ago the President of the above person might better have applied for
teMr. JUDD. That is right, to United States proclaimed an Inter- visas for his entire family and thus avoided
prepare national Refugee Year, beginning July separation but in a great many cases it does
a plan and a program. 1, 1959. We are now 3 weeks in the not work that way. That would be too lim-
sting. On the contrary it seems almost a
Mr. JONAS. Does not the gentleman International Refugee Year, and in this plot that heads of families come alone-fill-
think there should be some limitation? bill we are authorizing $10 million to ing the quotas that way-then depending on
Mr. JUDD. How much should it be? supportit in some way or other. Seem- the warmth of American hearts and the
It is for a study to be submitted next ingly, there is no explanation as to how effectiveness of politicians, etc., to reunite
January. " the $10 million is to be spent, but never- the families in spite of basic immigration
Mr. JONAS. I do not approve the is- theless it is provided in this bill. laws and the controlling quotas. In the
suance of blank checks to any agency. An announced candidate for the past, like in the pioneer days of the develop-
went of our west, it was understandable
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield Presidency of the United States spon- that the men folk of the families went forth
2 minutes to the gentleman from Texas sored the amendment in the other body, to make a way for the remainder who would
CMr. BURLESON]. and our conferees have accepted it. No follow. But now things are different. In
Mr. SURLESON. Mr. Speaker, the explanation has been given to the House, the
hV n atv place
ourta Immigrant is not a axe gentleman from Virginia Mr. GARY] and I certainly think we are entitled to ghat he has a job, a sponsor, or independent
referred to a new program in the mutual have one. wealth. His economic future is pretty well
security bill described in the conference There are bills pending in both bodies assured before he leaves his home country:
report before us. As a matter of fact, of this Congress which, if passed, will the need for his coming alone has largely
there are numerous new programs in- circumvent our immigration laws, and been dissipated.
Approved For-Release 2005/01/27": CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 1959 Approved For Re ly a2Rf / 7ALCIft B00 RR0500040021-4
Now let us survey some of the facts on 1.7 percent per year. Let's assume that in for accepting the item which was alluded
immigration. 1960 we get 450,000 immigrants. If we add to a moment ago by the gentleman from
In the year 1958 more than 253,000 immi- 1.7 percent to that figure, compounded an. Texas [Mr. BURLESON]. On page 37
grants entered the United States for perma- nually, we arrive at a total in excess of 867,000 there is an item of $10 million for the
nent residence. Of these 102,000 were on by the year 2000-only 41 years from now.
the basis of quotas. The annual quota for That calculation does not include any immi- World Refugee Year which was not in
all countries was and still is 154,957. This gration after 1960. We have seen figures the House bill. I feel that this is a very
nearl
53 inn q
t
......
e * * -
"? _ _
y
uo
as
un filled
i
350
remember this ngure as we discuss it later.
Unfilled quota countries are largely in north-
ern Europe, with Great Britain using the
least of its assigned numbers. Western
Hemisphere immigrants are on a nonquota
basis except certain Asiatics who mutt ob-
tain visas charged against the quota allotted
to the country of their forebears. In 1958
North and South America contributed 9.1,827
nonquota immigrants. Subtracting this
number from the 253,000-odd who entered
we find that 161,438 quota and nonquota
immigrants from Europe and Asia joined us
in the last year * * * against a quota of
about 155,000. Had the quotas been filled
our total for 1953 would have been 306,000.
What are some of the legislative proposals
now being pushed so hard in Congress?
Some of the most prominent measures
would provide that unused quotas be reallo-
cated on a prorata basis to other countries.
This would immediately mean that our Im-
migration would be increased by more than
50,000 annually * * * taking us over the
300,000 figure.
But that is not all. Some of the promi-
nent proposals would change the 1920 cen-
sus base for the national origins quota sys-
tem to the 1950 census which would mean
an increase in the quotas by about 65,000.
This, added to the present quota of about
155,000, would total 220,000.
So, the two proposals * * * reallocation of
unused quotas-53,000 * * * and the new
quota increase of 65,000, would add 116,000
to the present rate of immigration, or an
annual total of 371,000.
Now watch this: In addition to the fore-
going there is strong urging in Congress that
we set up a permanent refugee program to
provide for an additional 60,000 per year-
over and above the potential 371,000 already
discussed. This makes a new total of
431,000.
Even this is not enough. Aided by a
White House Conference on Refugees, ea:rlier
this year which represents the United States'
part in a "World Refugee Year," it is urged
that Congress provide for an additional
20,000 refugees during the next 2 years, for
a grand total of 451,000. The World Refugee
Year program is now being propagandized
all over the United States.
All the proponents of this type legislation
point to the need for the United States to do
its share in accepting and encouraging the
immigration of refugees and those from the
overpopulated areas. All claim that it will be
for the good of America, economically, sc-
cially, and from a foreign relations point of
view. None appears to worry about our abil-
ity to absorb the extra immigration.
Population statisticians now estimate that
the U.S. population in the year 2000 will be
from 330 to 350 million. Presumably that is
based on natural growth plus the present
immigration flow. The year 2000 is only 41
years ahead. How will the-natural resources
within our own borders stack up to the needs
of that many people? And what about the
years after 2000? Will the bare necessities
of water and land be sufficient, or will we be
like other overpopulated countries of the
world? Today the cry is for more schoob-
more hospitals, and more of many other
things that makes America the place that so
many now want to come to. Do weneeil to
artificially increase our population by liber-
.;ali23ng our Immigration policies?
Have you ever done the arithmetic to..flgure
'our What e8'ect,lsnznigration has on the pop-
ulation, growth of this country? The current
population growth in the United States is
percent annual growth. The cumulative studied this problem and I can seethe
total exceeds 20 million. This is something urgency of it. I wish to take this time
to think about. to suggest to the President that he makes
It is no longer universally popular to speak
out for the good of America and its future- certain that this money is available in
there are many cross currents which at times the work of the World Refugee Year
seem to place individuals' motives and de- program, a very vital program. I feel
sires above the security and welfare of our certain that that sentiment is expressed
country. The American Legion has consist- by not only the Members of this House
ently and courageously too, we believe- but by all Americans, to make certain
raised its voice in opposition to proposals, that we do enter into this program and
trends, and events which were considered to that we do speak in behalf of those peo-
be detrimental to our national welfare. We ple who are downtrodden and the home-
this the present floyv of immigration to
this country is the maximum that can be less refugees that have literally been
equitably 'assimilated in even such short- shifted from one place to another. it
range program as one ending in the year 2000. is only now that a real and a vital pro-
Mr. Speaker, this sort of thing is the gram during a peacetime year is being
best. way I know to discredit the worth- undertaken so that the plight of the
while things contained in this bill. I refugee is enhanced to the small degree
would like to support a measure for that the plight of the refugee is en-
world cooperation with other free peo- hanced to the small degree that these
ples and do everything possible to as- moneys are going to allow.
sist the less developed areas to remain It is my hope, Mr. Speaker, that this
free and develop their physical and hu- relatively modest amount of money
man resources, but I am not going to be which can be the means of substantially
a party to fostering activities on them reducing the human misery of the thou-
which are repugnant to our own country. sands of refugees holding on to exist-
Not only is it being done by such pro- ence in desolate camps and circum-
grams as these, and particularly the first stances throughout our world will be
one mentioned, but those activities not simply available, but will, at the
which will result under the provisions of President's discretion, be actually em-
the Development Loan Fund. I wish ployed for this purpose. Such action is
there was opportunity to again discuss surely a minimal expression of our gen-
the Development Loan Fund, which in uine concern for those homeless persons
my humble opinion is a subterfuge in its who but for geography and the grace of
rankest form. God might include you and me.
I hope there are enough votes to re- (Mr. COAD asked and was given per-
ject the conference report. mission to revise and extend his re-
Mr. MORGAN, Mr. Speaker, I yield marks.)
1 minute to the gentleman from Ver- Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I move
mont [Mr. MEYER]. the previous question on the conference
Mr. MEYER. Mr. Speaker, I would report.
like to ask the chairman one question. I The previous question was ordered.
originally supported this bill with some The SPEAKER. The question is on
reservations. Naturally, we cannot the conference report.
have a bill that we. all agree with in every The question was taken; and, on a
detail. But since that time the matter division (demanded by Mr. ADAIR),
of nuclear weapon agreements has come there were-ayes 81, noes 35.
up in connection with seven countries. Mr. BENTLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ob-
Two of these agreements have already ject to the vote on the ground that a
gone into effect without our being able quorum is not present, and make the
to discuss them on the floor. No matter point of order that a quorum is not
what effort I and others have made to present.
oppose these agreements or to have them The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum
discussed and voted on the floor, four is not present.
other agreements will go into effect on The Doorkeeper will close the doors,
Saturday. the Sergeant at Arms will notify ab-
My question is, do you know how many sent Members, and the Clerk will call
million dollars will be used in this ap- the roll.
propriation to implement these agree- The question was taken; and there
ments? I were-yeas 257, nays 153, not voting 24,
Mr. MORGAN. I do not thing that is as follows :
involved unless it is involved in militar f Roll No. 1131
Y
money for the NATO organization.
Mr. MEYER. I would assume that
several hundred million dollars would
probably be involved in providing for this
nuclear weapons assistance.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I yield
1 minute to the gentleman from Iowa
[Mr. CoAD].
Mr. LOAD. Mr. Speaker, I rise at this
time to commend the House conferees
Addonizio
Albert
Anderson,
Mont.
Anfuso
Arends
Aspinall
Avery
Ayres
Baker
Baldwin
Barrett
YEAS-257
Barry Boyle
Bass, N.H. Brademas
Bates Breeding
Becker Brewster
Beckworth Brooks, Tex.
Blatnik Broomfield
Boggs Broyhill
Boland Buckley
Bolling Burdick
Bolton Burke, Ky.
Bonner Burke, Mass.
Bowles Bush
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-12DP64B00346R000500040021-
1?21$1
 12782
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 22
Byrne, Pa. Rolifield
Byrnes, Wis. Holland
Cahill Holtzman
Carnahan Horan
Carter Huddleston
Chamberlain Ikard
Chiperfl.eld Irwin
Clark Jarman
Coad Johnson, Calif.
Coffin Johnson, Md.
Cohelan Johnson, Wis.
Conte Jones, Ala.
Cook Judd
Cooley Karsten
Corbett Karth
Cramer Kasem
Curtin Kastenmeler
Curtis, Mass. Kee
Daddario Keith
Dague Kelly
Daniels Keogh
O'Hara, Ill.
O'Hara, Mich.
O'Neill
Oliver
Osmers
Ostertag
Petty
Perkins
Philbin
Pillion
Pirnie
Porter
Price
Prokop..
Pucinski
Qule
Quigley'
Rains
Randall
Reuss
Rhodes, Pa.
Davis, Tenn, Kilday Riehlman
Dawson King, Calif. Rivers, Alaska
Delaney King, Utah Roberts
perounian Kirwan Robison
Diggs Kluczynski Rodino
Dingell Kowalski Rogers, Colo.
Dixon Lafore Rogers, Mass.
Dollinger Lane Rooney
Donohue Langen Roosevelt
Dooley Lankford Rostenkowski
Dorn, N.Y. , Lesinksi Santangelo
Doyle Levering Saund
Dulski Libonati Schenck
Durham Lindsay Schwengel
Dwyer Loser Selden
Edmondson McCormack Shelley
Elliott McDowell Sheppard
Evins McFall Shipley
Fallon McGovern Sisk
Farbstein Macdonald Slack
Fascell Machrowicz Smith, Iowa
Feighan Mack, Ill. Smith, Miss.
Fenton Madden Spence
Fino Magnuson Springer
Flood Mahon Staggers
Flynn Mailliard Stratton
Fogarty Marshall Stubblefield
Foley Martin Sullivan
Forand 'May Teague, Calif.
Ford Meader Teller
Frazier Merrow Thompson, N.J.
F'reltnghuysen Metcalf Thornberry
Friedel Miller, Toll
Fulton 'n Tollefson
Gallagher Miller, Trimble
Garmatz George P. Udall
Gialmo Miller, N.Y. Ullman
Glenn Milliken Vanik
Goodell Mills Van Zandt
Granahan' Moeller Vinson
Green, Oreg. Monagan Wainwright
Green, Pa. Montoya Wallhauser
Griffin Moorhead Walter
Griffiths Morgan Watts
Gubser Morris, N. Mex. Weis
Hagen Moss Westland
"kialleck Mutter Widnall
Halpern Murphy Wier
Hardy Natcher Wolf
Hays Nelsen Wright
Healey Nix Yates
FrHbert Norblad Zablocki
Heckler O'Brien, Ill. Zelenko
Hess O'Brien, N.Y.
.. NAYS-153
Abbltt Burleson Haley
Abernethy Cannon Hall
Adair Casey . Hargis
Alexander Cederberg Harmon
Alford Chelf Harris
Allen Chenoweth Harrison
Andersen,
Minn.
Andrews
Ashmore
Bailey
Barden
Collier Henderson
Colmer Herlong
Cunningham Hiestand
Curtis, Mo. Hoeven
Davis, Ga. Hoffman, IIl.
Barr 4Dent - Hoffman, Mich.
Bass, Tenn. Denton Hogan
Belcher Derwinski Holt
Bennett, Fla. Devine
Bennett, Mich. Darn, S.C.
Bentley Dowdy
Berry Downing
Butch
Bosch
Bow
Everett
Fisher
Flynt
Fountain
Gary
Brock Gathings
Brooks, Ls, Gavin
Brown, Ga. George
Brown, Ohio Grant
Budge Gross
Hosmer
Hull
Jennings
Jensen
Johansen
Jonas
Kilgore
Kitchen
Knox
Laird
Landrum
Latta
Lennon
Lipscomb
McCulloch
McDonough
McGinley
McIntire
McMillan
McSween
Mack, Wash.
Mason
Matthews
Meyer
Michel
Minshall
Mitchell
Moore
Morris, Okla.
Morrison
Moulder
Mumma
Murray
Norrell
O'Konski
Passman
Patman
Smith, Hans.
Smith, Va.
Steed
Taber
Teague. Tex.
Thomas
Thompson, Tex.
Thomson, Wyo.
Tuck
Utt
Van Pelt
Wampler
Weaver
Wharton
Whitener
Whitten
Williams
Willis
Winstead
Withrow
Young
Pfost
Pitcher
Poage
Poff
Preston
Ray
Reece, Tenn.
Rees, Kans.
Rhodes, Ariz.
Riley
Rivers, S.C.
Rogers, Fla.
Rogers, Tex.
Roush
Rutherford
Saylor
Scherer
Short
Sikes
Siler
Simpson, Ill.
Simpson, Pa.
Smith, Calif.
Alger Celler Powell
Ashley Forrester Rabaut
Auchincloss Gray St. George
Baring Jackson Scott
Baumhart Johnson, Colo. Taylor
Boykin Jones, Mo. Thompson, La.
Brown, Mo. Kearns Wilson
Canfield Kilburn Younger
So the conference report was agreed
to.
The Clerk announced the following
pairs :
On this vote:
Mr. Celler for, with Mr. Gray against.
Mr. Rabaut for, with Mr. Forrester against.
Mr. Auchincloss for, with Mr. Scott against.
Mr. Baumhart for, with Mr. Alger against.
Mr. Powell for, with Mr. Baring against.
Mr. Ashley for, with Mr. Thompson of
Louisiana against.
Mr. Taylor for, with Mr. Brown of Missouri
Until further notice:
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The Clerk read the Senate amend-
ments, as follows:
Page 7, line 16, strike out debtor and in-
sert "employer-garnishee".
Page 8, strike out line 19, and insert "sec-
tion 1104A)'; and".
,The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentle-
man from South Carolina?
There was no objection.
The Senate amendments were con-
curred in.
A motion to reconsider was laid on
the table.
(Mr. McMILLAN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, I want
to take this opportunity to thank Judge
Kronheim and Judge Walsh, of the Dis-
trict Municipal Court, for their untiring
efforts in assisting the House District
Committee in enacting H.R. 836, having
for its purpose amending the present
Garnishee Act.
Judge Kronheim and Judge Walsh
called to my attention on numerous oc-
casions the abuses of the Garnishee Act
by certain merchants here in the District
of Columbia. I have learned after in-
vestigation that certain merchants in the
District of Columbia were making a col-
lecting agency out of the municipal
court under the provisions of the pres-
ent Garnishee Act. I have never heard
of any act on the statute- books that has
been as badly abused as the present Gar-
nshee Act, and it is a pleasure for me to
have a part in amending this act so that
Mr. Boykin with Mr. Kilburn. the unfortunate poor people in the Dis-
Mr. Johnson of Colorado with Mrs. St. trict of Columbia will not be imposed
George. . upon by any Federal act that is on the
Mr. CAHILL changed his vote from statute books.
"nay" to "yea." Again, I want to congratulate and
The result of the vote was announced thank Judge Kronheim and Judge Walsh
as above recorded. thei r assistance to my committee in
A motion to reconsider was laid on the aving this legislation enacted. I am retable. fO
of the
me ably of two advised or that three the majority municipal court
The doors were opened,
udges has been utilized during the past
few years in collecting, claims for the
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND merchants of the District of Columbia
under the present Garnishee Act:
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
may have permission to extend their re-
marks at this point in the RECORD on the
conference report just agreed to.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
O'BRIEN of New York). Is there objec-
tion to the request of the gentleman from
Pennsylvania?
There was no objection.
ATTACHMENT AND GARNISHMENT
OF WAGES, SALARIES, AND COM-
MISSIONS OF JUDGMENT DEBT-
ORS
Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's desk the bill (H.R. 836) to
amend the code of law for the District
of Columbia modifying the provisions re-
lating to the attachment and garnish-
ment of wages, salaries, and commissions
of'judgment debtors, and for other pur-
poses; with Senate amendments thereto,
and concur in the Senate amendments.
FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
ADMINISTRATION OF CHAPTER
73-ANNUITIES BASED ON RE-
TIRED OR RETAINER PAY, TITLE
10, UNITED STATES CODE-MES-
SAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF
THE UNITED STATES
The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be-
fore the House the following message
from the President of the United States,
which was read and, together with ac-
companying papers, referred to the
Committee on Armed Services:
To the Congress of the United States:
Pursuant to the provisions of section
1444, title 10, United States Code, I
transmit herewith for the information
of the Congress the Fourth Annual Re-
port on the Administration of Chapter
73, Annuities Based on Retired or Re-
tainer Pay, Title 10, United States Code.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER.
THE WHITE HOUSE, July 22, 1959.
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 to - 14-1
Approved For Release 2005/01/27: CIA-RDP64B00346R009 40f1
1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE !J 12743
Let us either extend the orphans' immi-
gration program for a period of 1 year
as it existed previously, in order that we
may have the opportunity to study the
matter further, or let us provide an
amendment that is truly effective.
In my opinion a truly effective amend-
ment would be that of vesting the check
of adoptive homes not in the Attorney
General, but in the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare which is
primarily concerned with the health and
well-being of our Nation and wh;nch,
with its regional offices and experience
in functioning in cooperation with wel-
fare agencies throughout the country
and abroad, is best qualified to determine
that the right children are placed in
the right homes. It is true that innocent
children brought here from foreign
countries deserve the same measure of
protection as do those adopted children
born in this country, and it is my sin-
cere belief that the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare is best
qualified to undertake this serious re-
sponsibility.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MORSE. I. yield.
Mr. JAVITS. I entirely agree with
the Senator from Oregon. I very much
hope that the conferees will pay serious
attention to the human welfare issue
which is involved, and will vest authority
in the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, if it is to be vested in any
Government agency.
Mr. MORSE. I appreciate the sup-
port. of the Senator from New York.
The record should show that the Sen-
ator from New York is a man who, from
professional experience in this field,
knows whereof he speaks. I happen to
know something about the record of
the Senator from New York in connec-
tion with the subject of adoption, and
I am greatly gratified, and feel that my
case has been greatly strengthened by
the support of the Senator from New
York.
For the RECORD, Mr. President, this is
the time for me to say this. I wish to
make very clear, in view of some of the
mail I have received from my he me
State, that the senior - Senator from
Oregon is in no way seeking to prevent
the great program of adoption of Korean
war orphans which has been carried on
by a fine family of humanitarians in
my State, Mr. and Mrs. Holt. For the
past several years, they have gone. to
Korea, and have adopted, by proxy for
American adoption parents, a large
number of Korean orphans, many of
whom, as I understand, in fact most of
whom, are the children of American
veterans who served in the Armed Forces
in Korea.
It has been said, Mr. President, be-
cause the senior Senator from Oregon
has supported the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare program for all
adoptions that at least one of the adopt-
ing parents see the child before he Or
she in fact is adopted, that I am under-
mining this great humanitarian pro-
gram of the Holts. That is not my in-
tention. However, in my judgment, I
have a, duty as a U.S. Senator, to look
at adoption policy problems nationwide,
and do so without reference to any spe-
cific individual program, wonderful as it
may be, such as that the Holts have been
conducting. I have no doubt, that the
Holts have been very successful in carry-
ing out the desires of the adopting par-
ents by selecting children the parents
probably would have accepted anyway
had they seen them in the first instance.
In my opinion the, remedy is not to
continue the proxy procedure indefi-
nitely, but the remedy is to -work. out a
procedure under which the Holts could
bring the children to the United States
and give the prospective parents an op-
portunity to see them before the final
adoption is arranged. Thereafter, in a
given case if a prospective adoting par-
ent should say, "Well, I prefer not to
have that child," every effort should be
made to have some other prospective
adopting parent see the child and adopt
it in the United states.
Mr. President, I think that has such
a good procedural merit that it can be
worked out. However I do not believe
we ought to sacrifice what the evidence
shows very clearly is a needed general
policy recommended by. government of-
ficials simply because a magnificient job
has been done by way of the proxy pro-
cedure followed so successfully in re-
spect to the Korean enterprise. Officials
of the Government who have presented
us evidence on this matter point, out
that in regard to other adoptions there
have been many cases which have not
worked out as well as have the Holt
adoptions.
So I am suggesting to the chairman
of the Judiciary Committee, first, that 1,
in the conference he should try to get
the House conferees to at least shift the
so-called inspection function to the De-
partment of Health, Education, and
Welfare, because that is the agency of
government which really has jurisdic-
tion over our whole children's program.
Second, I should like to have language
in some way, somehow, written into- the
bill, so that the kind of project the Holts
are conducting can be carried on pro-
cedurally by allowing them to bring the
children over to the United States to
some central point, such as San Francis-
co or Portland, and then have the pro-
spective adopting parents complete the
adoption there on the basis of their in-
spection of a given child, and their de-
cision then that the child is one they
really want.
If a given child is rejected on this side
of the water, I do not think there will
be any difficulty in finding many other
adopting parents who would be glad to
have the particular child. I think the
officials of the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare are right in the
position they have taken that there
should be a general rule that at least
one of the adopting parents ought to see
the child before the adoption papers are
completed.
Mr. President, that is the burden of
the argument I desired to make for the
RECORD, because my position is badly
misunderstood in the State of Oregon on
the part of those who feel that I 'should
not be raising any question about proxy
adoptions.
lie policy, without at least one of the
adopting parents seeing the particular
child and agreeing to take it in my opin-
ion lead to a great many mistakes and
abuses, to which the Federal officials
have already testified.
I yield to the Senator from New York.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I merely
desire to say to the Senator from
Mississippi that I favor the Senate bill
for a 1-year extension of the articula-
tion of the rules within that time, be-
cause we -really need to take it under
consideration. But I agree with my col-
league from Oregon, if we must accept
anything from the House, we should
certainly vest the jurisdiction in the
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare.,
Mr. MORSE. I agree, if we cannot
have the 1-year extension. That is what
we passed in the Senate. That is what
I voted for. If we cannot have the 1-
year extension of the present program
so that we can go into the procedural
questions I have raised, then at least we
ought to try to get an agreement that
the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare will administer the program.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the motion of
the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. EAST-
LAND].
The motion was agreed to; and the
Presiding Officer appointed Mr. EAST-
LAND, Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina,
Mr. MCCLELLAN, Mr. DIRKSEN, and Mr.
KEATING conferees on the part of the
A NEW KIND OF WAR
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, as one
of the coauthors of the legislation pro-
posed to establish a Freedom Commis-
sion and Freedom Academy to train citi-
zens in the conspiratorial techniques of
communism and the most effective
methods to meet this new type of politi-
cal warfare, I call the attention of Sen-
ators to an important article on the cold
war struggle written by Preston J.
Moore, national commander of the
American Legion.
Speaking as the leader of one of our
great veterans' organizations, Command-
er Moore's comments are both signifi-
cant and enlightening as to the new '
challenges confronting this Nation.
Commander Moore most capably puts
his finger on one of our major problems
in the ideological struggle against Com-
munist tyranny, the fact that as a whole,
we, the American people, fail to under-
stand the strategy employed against us
by the Kremlin leaders.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD the
excellent article written by Command-
er Moore and published in the August
issue of American Legion magazine.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD.
as follows:
WE MUST LEARN To FIGHT A NEW KIND OF WAR
(By Preston J. Moore, national commander,
the American Legion)
No one knows better than a veteran that
the methods of waging war do not remain
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 12744
Approved For Release 2005/01127 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE , July 22
It has already begun. We see it clearly-
it is only the beginning."
We in America must see this picture just
as clearly as the Communist master strate-
gist did, and we must see it in relation to
our own personal affairs. This is a matter
that we must recognize and help solve as
individuals. We cannot pass thebuck to the
State and go on the assumption that if we
allow our politicians to spend enough money
on foreign aid and armament, the unpleas-
ant picture painted by Lenin will automat-
ically disappear.
The new kind of war is not fought that
Way. We 'cannot-like the peasants and
burghers of the 18th century-unconcern-
edly watch soldiers dying as we plow our
fields and engage in trade. We are directly
involved in war right now, regardless of
what our business is, where we are located,
and what station in life we occupy. And
keep in mind that it is official-this war
was declared when Marxism began, and it is
now rapidly approaching the showdown
stage, "the final struggle," as various mani-
festations of war erupt in Berlin, Iraq, Tibet,
Latin America, Africa, and elsewhere,
A few weeks ago the biggest and blackest
headlines in our newspapers dealt with Ber-
lin, and by the time this article appears in
print it is quite likely that Berlin will again
be the world's greatest danger spot.
Khrushchev has served notice on us that if
we want access to Berlin, we must deal with
his puppet East German regime; and he has
been told without equivocation that this we
will not do. The Russian action means the
breaking of another treaty, but this Is a mat-
ter of no consequence to a people who are
pathologically insistent on signing treaties of
no worth whatsoever. From our standpoint,
to give up Berlin would mean the end of the
allied position not only in Berlin but
throughout the world. It would dramatize
a point that the reds constantly try to prove
to the rest of the world: that the United
States is weak, vacillating, and cannot be
counted on. As a corollary, the writing off of
Berlin would mean the end of NATO.
While the Berlin crisis was diverting the
world, the Communists pulled another coup
by seizing power In Iraq. This highly stra-
tegic, oil-rich country is now firmly in the
hands of the reds, and you may be sure they
will exert leverage from this position to bring
other Middle Eastern countries under their
control. The results could be disastrous to
the free world. Europe uses 137 million tons
of oil every year, and 85 percent of it comes
from the Near East. Any cut in the flow of
oil from there would paralyze European in-
dustry and cripple NATO.
However, on the credit side there have been
two happenings which should impede the
flow of the red tide. Nasser is currently un-
happy about Soviet moves in the Middle
East, and has made some critical remarks in-
dicating that the honeymoon between the So-
viet Union and the United Arab Republic is
definitely over. It is to be hoped that our
State Department can and will exploit this
rift.
In the Far East the Communists lost a tre-
mendous amount of face when Red China
tried and failed In its attempt to seize the
Dalai Lama of Tibet. Even the greatest ef-
forts by Mao Tse-tung's armies were unable
to keep the spiritual leader of the Tibetans
fromigaining sanctuary in India, and the bru-
tal action of the Red Chinese in seeking out
the Dalai Lama's followers and in destroying
their ages-old lamaseries has made a pro-
foundly unfavorable impression, notably in
the Orient. Even Nehru's limitless tolerance
toward the reds has been put to a strain,
particularly since his own people are in an.
uproad over the outrage.
In Africa events are shaping up which
strongly indicate that we can expect much
trouble there. The issue is presented as a
reaction from colonialism, with new nations
the same. The man who fought in the
trenches in World War I and then as a "re-
tread" in World War II found himself fighting
an entirely new kind of war. The World
War II vet who was called back to light in
Korea learned that the warfare there was
different in many important respects, notably
in certain strange concepts of strategy.
More than a century ago a famous military
Writer, Clausewitz, described the changing
.concept of war in a series of books that have
become classics. As a youth Clausewitz had
fought in were that were almost idyllic.
Peasants plowed their fields as battles raged
a short distance away, and as soldiers died
In those Tattles,' burghers in nearby towns
carried on their business as usual. But
CClsuscwItzsa* that situation changing, and
we . have been Iiving through the change he
predicted and discussed.
One of the key phrases in his works is this,
"'War'ts nothing else than the continuation
Of to policy by different means."
In other words, no longer do two mighty
armies face ea.&h other on a field and, at a
given signal and with a flourish of trumpets,
join battle. ` Warfare is subtler and more
abstract, tl'ie front fs everywhere, and what-
-ever can hurt the enemy is permissible as a
weapon.
All of us have seen this terrible evolution
of;warfare. We are familiar with the way in
Which Hitler used various kinds of pressure
and persecution to force the capitulation of
his weaker net$hbors. We saw how Japan,
without any formal declaration of war,
eV'61ved Its greater east Asia coprosperity
sphere. We certainly have not forgotten how
emerging. Ghana, formerly the British Gold
Coast, has become independent; as has
French Guinea. Nigeria becomes an inde-
pendent nation next year. The Belgian
Congo, a major source of uranium, has ex-
ploded into a civil war between whites and
blacks. The Mau Mau seem to be back in'
the business of bloodletting in Kenya and
Tanganyika, and there are disturbing rum-
bles from the French Sudan.
We can sympathize with any nation which
wants its freedom, but all too often the
people of these new nations are not prepared
for nationhood, democracy, and law. That,
however, does not stop the hellbent rush for
national freedom, and in this rush they are
being prodded by outside agitators. Those
fellows are helping to develop a strong anti-
white-man complex which can cause a great
deal of trouble for us in the future. The
same Communist agitators cause us trouble
in another way. As the new nations emerge
they Invariably look to the United States for
help. If we do not come through with suffi-
cient foreign aid, the Russians move in with
big promises and at lenest some token assist-
ance, usually in the form of loans to permit
the purchase of Russian goods. This in turn
creates more mischief because with the Rus-
sian goods come Communist technical advis-
ers who specialize in subversion of various
kinds.
In our own backyard, Latin America, we
have plenty to worry about. In Venezuela,
we witnessed the humiliating spectacle of a
Vice President of the United States being
stoned and spat upon by a howling mob
which. had been stirred up by the reds. In
Mexico an ambitious strike which was
planned to cripple the country was fomented
by reds, and the Mexican Government coura-
geously showed where the strike had origi-
nated by kicking two Soviet diplomats out
of the country. In Cuba, we find ourselves
in a.dilemma. Fidel Castro insists that he
is not a Communist, but he is equally in-
sistent that he is going to be independent of
both the East and the West, Some of the
people surrounding him, who seem to be
preoccupied with exporting revolutions, are
certainly not reassuring. Meanwhile, execu-
tions go on in Cuba, popular elections are
years off, and there are charges that the
country is being used as a base for operations
against other Caribbean countries which are
anti-Communist and on friendly terms with
the United States. Elsewhere in Latin Amer-
ica there Is political turmoil as the Commu-
nists busy themselves stirring up hatred of
the gringos when they are not in a position
to manipulate the governments themselves.
There was a time when many people
thought that the Russian people themselves
could be counted on to side with us in case
of trouble with their rulers. No people was
ever more harshly treated by the men in the
Kremlin than the Russian people themselves.
Millions had been purged and millions more
had suffered in slave-labor camps. It seemed
logical that, given a chance, the Russians
would rise and overthrow their brutal mas-
ters. But from all accounts there is a dif-
ferent feeling in the Soviet Union today.
The image of Stalin is gone and Khrushchev
is not hated as his predecessor was. Also,
the Russians are beginning to get some of
the consumer goods they had been promised
for many years. By American standards
they are not getting much, but visitors to
the Soviet Union report that the people seem
content.
Probably most important, however, is the
fact that the Russians are beginning to take
pride in the Communist regime. They see
material evidence of Soviet scientiffic prog-
ress in such things as their sputniks and
Lunik, their massive armament, their nuclear
bombs, and their excellent planes. They no
longer feel that they are looked upon as a
backward people, and they areshowing more
enthusiasm for the idea of catching up with
the interplay of political pressures between
the United States and Japan culminated In
the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor.. And since
the end of World War II we have seen in the
actions of the Soviet Union the greatest dem-
onstration of. all in the way of brutal, relent-
less war,
In 13 years we have seen how Soviet Russia
has absorbed 11 nations into its bloody em-
pire, and we. are well aware that today one-
third of all the people on earth-923 million
-are now arrayed against us in what the
Communists bavealways referred to as "the
final struggle" between communism and the
free world. In not a single case did the con-
spirators in the Kremlin formally declare
war against the' countries they took over.
Instead tley eniployed espionage, treason,
sabotage, political blackmail, threats, perse-
cuttion, murder, and other methods that
decent people 'abhor. Even though their
methods, are tteacherous and evil, they did
get results It is time that we understood
those metb9i s and how they are being used
against us; to fall to do so is to go under
without realigin what happened to us.
-Actually, there is no reason why there
should, be any misunderstanding as to our
true relations with the Soviet Union. No
one will dispute the fact that Nikita
Khrushchev is the boss Communist, and that
what he says is law. When Khrushchev
tells us that he intends to bury us, he is
merely reminding ` us in a few words of a
basic premise of Communist doctrine. Years
ago Lenin spelled it out in the following
statement:
"Marxists have never forgotten that vio-
lence will be an inevitable accompaniment
of the collapse of capitalism . * * and of the
birth of a socialist society. And this violence
will cover a historical period; a whole era of
wars of the most varied kinds-imperialist
wars, civil wars within the country, the inter-
weaving of the former with the latter, ngtion-
al wars, the emanciaption of the nationalists
crushed by the imperialist powers which will
inevitably form various alliances with each
other in the era of vast state-capitalist and
military trusts and combines. This is an era
of tremendous collapses, of wholesale mili-
tary decisions of a violent nature, of crises.
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
 Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP.64B00346R00050004002-1-4
1959 -- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
and overtaking the great United States of
America. They have a timetable for this.
By 1965, they are told, their production will
be ahead of any European nation, and by
1970 they will surpass the United States of
America.
In this race with the United States they
are competing with Red China. The Chinese
are in fact being driven far more brutally
than the Russians are today, and they are
being given an outlet for the resentment they
must feel. The United States, they are told,
is the enemy of the Chinese people, and if
they don't work hard and make their country
strong, the American imperialists will in-
vade their land and slaughter them with
germ warfare and atomic bombs. So they :are
taking what is called "the long leap for-
ward," and this exercise is keeping them
busy, literally, from sunup till far into the
night, building an economy that by the year
2000 will have to accommodate an estimated
1.59 billion Chinese.
I don't have to emphasize the danger that
this population pressure represents to us and
to the world generally. There are some wish-
ful thinkers who say that the big danger is to
Soviet Russia, but I think differently. There
is no, sign of friction between the two na-
tions. Years hence Russia and China may
turn on each other, but that will come only
if they are able to vanquish the West. ` In
that case, like jackals, they could tackle each
other over the spoils.
Since the new kind of warfare does not
necessarily mean marching armies or firing of
guns, most Americans are not aware of the
true situation. They may arouse them-
selves when a flight of Mig's blasts down an
unarmed American transport and murders
American men, and they may become indig-
nant when the Soviets Insult us when we in-
quire about the bodies of the murdered air-
men. But we forget quickly and turn back
to the sports pages and television screen,
While the Communists use violence and
brush-fire wars where those things serve
their purpose, the main battles of this war
are now being fought on other fronts-eco-
nomic, psychological, and moral. And it is
high time that all Americana received some
basic training in these things so that they
can understand exactly how the enemy em-
ploys them in this strange new warfare.
Obviously the Soviet Union is not paring
down its military might. There is no hint
that the Red army is being reduced in size.
The Red air force, fromall accounts, is being
steadily augmented. The Red navy's far-
ranging fleet of hundreds of modern sub-
marines is being increased. And we know
that the Russians are far advanced in the
nuclear and missile fields. In short, the men
In the Kremlin many propagandize for peace
and peaceful coexistence, but they are ready
to smash us militarily if they think it pos-
sible that they can do so without our re-
taliatory power destroying Russia.
We would be foolish indeed to give them
any reason to think they could do so. There-
fore our only possible course is to keep build-
ing a powerful and balanced military force
which can defend this Nation and devastate
the Soviet homeland if Khrushchev should
ever dare to launch an attack against us or
the allies to whom we are committed.
Military power costs money, a lot of money,
and this means big budgets which, in turn,
mean high taxes. We have to make sacrifices
to maintain this power, but the only alterna-
tive is the sacrifice of our freedom.
Although military force is not being em-
ployed at present against us, other pressures
are being built up. One of these is what
Khrushchev had in mind when he chal-
lenged us to a trade war.
As I stated earlier, the people behind the
Iron and Bamboo Curtains are `being ex-
horted in every way to beat America in pro-
duction. This is not just for national pride
nor to give the peoples of those countries
more of the good things of life. This pro-
duction is wanted for a trade war. Khru-
shchev has challenged us to this war and says
that he will beat us at it. If he does, he
will be well on the way to defeating us.
Molotov explains why in a statement he
made in 1946:
"We are not fighting America as Yet,. he
said, "but once we have deprived her of her
markets, crises will follow and cause con-
fusion. After we have taken her markets in
Europe, expelled her from Asia and else-
where, she will have no market where to
dump her merchandise. She will curtail her
production,-and there will follow unemploy-
ment. Our opportunity to square accounts
with America will be at hand."
What are we doing to meet this threat?
In the 5 years from 1950 to 1955 we had an
unparalleled growth in this country. Even
so, we were beaten by many countries. Ger-
many led with an annual growth of 10,per-
cent. Japan was second with 8 percent, and
the Soviet Union was third with 7 percent.
Actually, the United States of America
turned up in the bottom half with a rate
of growth of only 4 percent. Ahead of us
were Canada, France, Netherlands, and Italy.
But what has happened since then is even
more shocking. The Soviet rate of growth
has jumped to an estimated 9 to 11 percent
in the past 2 years, and our own rate of
growth has stood still. Is it any wonder
that Khrushchev boasts about licking us in
a trade war?
In their calculations for this new kind of
warfare, the canny Communists count heav-
ily on a weakness they attribute to us which
they call "decadence." In Communist liter-
ature there is frequent reference,to the "de-
cadent bourgeoisie," and the Communists
look upon them with contempt as weaklings
who are no match for their so-called Soviet
man.
Unfortunately, cynical men such as
Khrushchev do not have to look far to find
evidence of this kind of weakness. They
recognize as a sign of decadence, or weak-
ness, the way in which some businessmen
will do anything if they can make a profit
from it. In the late 1920's and early 1930's,
for example, the Reds desperately wanted
diplomatic recognition by the United States
for their shaky regime. A good case can be
made for the thesis that if we had with-
held this recognition we would not today be
facing the Red colossus that threatens to
bury us. One of the arguments advanced
for recognition was trade. The Communists
and their apologists in this country insisted
that with recognition we could expect a tre-
mendous and highly profitable volume of
business with the Soviet Union.
The American Legion, I am proud to'say,
did its best to prevent the Communists from
achieving this great diplomatic triumph, but
the pressures were too great. The papers
were signed in 1933, and the Soviet was
thereby given another lease on life. And
I might add that the promised trade with
the Reds never materialized.
Not long ago the Red line was baited once
again with promises of big business. This
was when Khrushchev sent the wily Anastas
Mikoyan to this country to sound us out
on a new deal, and while doing so to give
the United States a sound drubbing in the
psychological war that is going on between
this country and the U.S.S.R. The Ameri-
cans who promoted the trip may have had
the naive idea that it would show him our
strength, but what it really did was dem-
onstrate to the subjugated peoples, the neu-
tralists, and our allies that some Americans
probably are as decadent as the Reds say we
are.
Years ago Lenin made the cynical obser-
vation: "When we Communists are ready
to hang the capitalists, they'll try to outbid
each other for the sale of hemp to us."
12745
The truth of that saying was proved by
the way in which Anastas Mikoyan was
wined and dined by some of our so-called
best people. Here was a man who had ruth-
lessly purged working people, and he was
being honored by some of our best known
labor leaders. Here was a man who had
boasted of robbing banks, and he was being
treated with deference by officials of some of
New York's largest banking houses. Here
was a man dedicated to the overthrow of the
free enterprise system, not to mention the
United States, and he was being given stand-
ing ovations by some of America's foremost
industrialists.
Here indeed were capitalists and others,
competing to sell the rope that the Commu-
nists would need for their hanging.
What was back of this shameful spectacle?
Mikoyan was tempting these people with
hints of trade. The U.S.S.R. needs many
things, and would like to get them from the
United States. Never mind if those things,
such items as chemical plants, would even-
tually be used to destroy us. The impor-
tant thing was that profits could be made
out of this kind of coexistence. But Mikoyan
subsequently let the cat out of the bag when
he told Under Secretary of State Dillon that
he wanted $300 million from the United
States to make the purchases he had dis-
cussed with the businessmen who had done
him such honor. And when Mr. Dillon po-
litely rejected the audacious deal, Mikoyan
turned the true face of communism toward
him. According to the press, it was not a
pleasant face.
But let it not be thought that only cer-
tain members of banking and business cir-
cles are afflicted with weaknesses that the
Reds can exploit. Because of selfish, un-
realistic, and unsound thinking with regard
to production, we are making it increasingly
easy for Khrushchev to make good his boast
that he can beat us in a trade war.
. In this country we once went on the the-
ory that the more that people produced, the
more money was available for wages, im-
provements, profits, and so forth. Henry
Ford demonstrated this when he set up his
assembly lines to makes the Model T. By
turning out a lot of cars, he was able to
pay his workers an unheard-of salary of $5
and more a day. Our economy became
geared to mass production, and the flood of
goods that poured from our factories not
only gave us a standard of living that was
the envy of the world but made it possible
for the allies to win two World Wars.
But there has been a change in our think-
ing. Now the policy of certain highly influ-
ential labor leaders is to insist on producing
the absolute minimum for the greatest pos-
sible wages, plus various and sundry fringe
benefits. This would'be bad enough in nor-
mal times, since it would mean high prices:
but faced as we are with a trade war with
friends and avowed enemies, this sort of
boondoggling can lead to national suicide.
Unless there is a return to some basic funda-
mentals of production and sound economics,
we are going to find our goods priced out of
markets around the world. This could bring
on still another aspect of this new kind of
warfare, one the Reds have confidently pre-
dicted:- a crippling depression that could
turn our country sharply into orbit with the
Soviet Union,
Certainly capital and labor are not the
only offenders. The actions of these two
groups have their counterparts throughout
our entire economy as millions of people
strive to get something for nothing. This
may give these people a temporary advan-
tage, but it is the Communist hierarchy
which will gain the final victory If we con-
tinue in this way.
Specifically, what can we do to fight this
new kind of war? We must first of all put
our faith ,,in divine pprovidence, just as our
Founding Fathers did when they threw
down the gauntlet to the British in the
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 CIA-RDP64B00346R00050004002.1-4
 12746
Declaration of Independence. It is no acci-
dent, to use a Communist cliche, that the
Communists fight religion. They recognize
it as a mortal enemy which must be de-
stroyed lest it destroy them. Lenin laid
down the dictum: "We must combat re-
ligion-this is the ABC of all materialism,
and consequently Marxism." Let us not
throw away this weapon so greatly feared
by the anti-Christs of the Kremlin.
And let us make greater use than we have
of patriotism. Americans have too long
been too sensitive to the sneers of self-styled
intellectuals who label love of country as
"flag waving." Quite often these people are
actually scornful of the flag itself, rather
than what they choose to mock as "flag
waving." And some of them have given
their loyalty, for whatever it is worth, to the
blood-redbanner of socialism.
The end result of our shamefaced atti-
tude toward patriotism can be found in a
study of brainwashing made by Army Maj.
William E. Mayer. He studied the case his-
tories of a thousand of our soldiers who had
been captured in Korea and found that
many of them were so weak in their
patriotism that they succumbed easily under
pressure from their Chinese interrogators.
A Chinese intelligence report found in
North_Eorea in 1951 gives further evidence
of what is wrong in certain quarters. Here
is whatthe Red Chinese said about some of
the men they captured and studied:
"The American soldier has weak loyalties
to his family, his community, his country,
his religion, and his fellow soldiers. His
concepts of right and wrong are hazy;
opportunism is easy. He underestimates
his own worth, his own strength, and his
ability to survive. He is largely ignorant
of social values, social tensions, and con-
flicts. There is little knowledge or under-
standing, even among U.S. graduates of
American political history and philosophy,
of the Federal, State, and community or-
ganizations; of States rights and civil rights;
of safeguards to freedom, and of how these
things supposedly operate within his own
system."
This is a terrible indictment of the men
who succumbed to Red brainwashing, but
it is an even greater indictment of those
educators who offer students Intellectual
shoddy instead of the truth.
In this new kind of war we can taipe an-
other lesson from the Founding Fathers, this
time from Benjamin Franklin who assured
his fellows: "We must all hang together. or
assuredly we shall all hang separately."
Recognizing that we are in a war, we should
show the enemy a united front. I do not by
any means counsel unthinking conformity,
but we must not allow ourselves to be split
assunder by false prophets who are trying
to divide us.
There are, unfortunately, many such peo-
ple among us, and their ringleaders have
recently been authorized to go their way
without much hindrance, war or no war. But
Approved For Release 2005/01/27 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4
. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
The basic idea has much to recommend it,
and you might give it a try. You may dis-
cover some weaknesses within you of a type
that the Communists count on and hope to
exploit. Discovering them at this stage, you
will have the opportunity to correct them
without having an armed guard to assist In
the process at some future time-in the
let us recognize them for what they are- E event we fail in this new kind of war.
fools at best, or traitors at worst. These are
the people who suffer from a strange myopia
when the Soviet Union is concerned, but who
showed amazing clarity of vision when other
countries menaced world peace. They had no
illusions about Mussolini when his legions
marched into Ethiopia. When the Japanese
seized Manchuria, they were quick to recog-
nize where that aggression was likely to lead.
When Hitler's troops started to overrun
Europe, while at home he conducted diaboli-
cal persecutions, they called for retribution-
hut only after the Hitler-Stalin Pact was
broken. But when the Soviet Union com-
mits the mostunspeakable atrocities against
humanity, these people are either silent or
they raise their voices to excuse and condone
the brutalities of the Kremlin. Consistently,
of course, such people viciously attack any
and all who oppose communism. I am proud
that the American Legion rates high on their
list.
Such people are entitled to their opinions,
even when their expressions come close to
being treasonable in view of the war in which
we are engaged. But there is no reason what-
soever why these pro-Communists and anti-
anti-Communists should be given the pres-
tige and prominence that is often accorded
them, and their propaganda, by our press
and our broadcasting systems. The best they
merit is a form of quarantine in which the
.Red virus they hope to spread can die put
harmlessly without being disseminated to
further infect and weaken Americans.
Recognizing that we are engaged in war,
one in which every conceivable weapon Is
being used or threatened against us, we
must be prepared to make sacrifices. How-
ever, this time it Is essential that the bur-
dens be borne more equitably than they
have been in the past. We cannot have peo-
ple enduring privations in order to create a
specially privileged class such as the infa-
mous black-marketeers of World War II.
Taxes will have to be high, but let us make
certain that the money isn't wasted by self-
ish politicians on extravagant Utopias or in
personal empire building.
We need the best we can get in the way
of armament, but we cannot afford the
waste, stupidity, or chicanery exemplified by
vast stockpiles of equipment that is worth-
less for one reason or another. Production
for defense is vital, but such production
should not be used as an excuse for manage-
ment to make inordinate profits or for labor
to demand outrageously high wages. Where
foreign aid is necessary, let us make sure
that the billions being spent will benefit our
country. We cannot afford at this time the
luxury of keeping an army of bureaucrats
abroad or of providing vast slush funds for
foreign politicians who may be of doubtful
value to us in this new kind of warfare. `
There are many more things which have to
be done, and done properly, and It is the re-
sponsibility of every American to take an ac-
tive interest in what is being done and how
these things are being worked out. To re-
peat what I said earlier, in a war like this
we are all active participants and we cannot
delegate to others the job of winning it.
What, specifically, can an individual do?
Maybe a good way to answer this would be
to try a routine that the Communists use In
a distorted manner-self-criticism. Com-
munists and prisoners of`the Reds are re-
quired to engage In extensive soul searching
with the idea of learning their weaknesses
and bow they can overcome these weak-
nesses.
REPEAL OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS
REQUIRING AFFIDAVITS OF LOY-
AL AND ALLEGIANCE
The Sc to resumed a consideration
of the bill ( 819) to a end the National
Defense Educ ion A of 1959 in order to
repeal certain ov' ions requiring affi-
davits of loyalty d allegiance.
Mr. JOHNSO Texas. I yield to
the Senator om Connecticut [Mr.
I wish t/ observe that, I' support the
Kennedy amendment to the National
ask unanimod
serted in the
partment of gov
Center, Weslyan
itself be printed.
The PRESIDING
objection, it is so
There being no
were ordered to be
dislike of such oaths that is
In the circumstances and
neral designation they are in-
our eyes such measures are at
symbols, at worst a potential
r profession.
elieve such oaths to be efficacious
afeguards. Far from deterring
essors, they offer them a con-
In this respect they are worse
They tend to alienate the good
sense of security which, if it became too lit-
eral and, too strong, might lead to our un-
doing.
Thirdly, it is our conviction that belief
cannot be coerced or compelled. On this
principle the Russian novelist, Boris Paster-
nak, whose treatment by his own government
with respect to the Nobel prize has been the
object of indignant protest in the United
on December 15 c
oath required by
cation Act of 1958
the educational
or teachers, dislt
reason is that
the long histo
oaths. This
an instinctiv
with history.
like is fortifi
Garland in
"All enactm
are subject
against the
der which
eluded." I
threat to o
In the se
as public
real trans
.. -July 22
Defense Education Act Mr. President,
and for the benefit of those who will read
the RECORD I wish to ask un mous con-
sent that there be inserted t this point a
letter from the president bf Yale Uni-
versity, A.tWhitney Grisw d, to the Sec-
retary of \the Departure t of Health,
e, #i which Presi-
,rY his views
which is re-
ntly written.
President, I
t hat there be in-
letter from Mr.
Jr., of the de-
t, Public Affairs
city, Middletown,
nds me a protest
f the members of
I do not ask that
tten in the RECORD
ion, which they
UNIVERS Y,
6F THE P. ID ENT,
Decemb r 19,1958.
MING,
nt of Health, dueation,
ashington, D. d .
by the Associa ed Press
erning the affid vit and
e National Defen. a Edu-
5rder
bjecti
rinted
to that,
consen
Approved for Release 2005/01/27 CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040021-4