CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000500040020-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 5, 2005
• Sequence Number: 20
• Content Type: SUMMARY

1959
Approved For Rele
CO
Siskiyou jumpers have gone as far ag Se-
quota National Park in California, however,
and as far north as the Canadian line. They
jump only in State and National forests.
What sort of men are the smokejumpers?
ATHLETIC EQUIPMENT
Adjoining this area is the training area,
complete with ropes, a tower, a trampoline,
an obstacle course, and other training ap-
paratus.
Physical fitness is of primary importance.
The conditioning of the smokejumpers isn't
just excellent; it's superb.
They have to be tough and limber to ab-
sorb the bumps and knocks of parachuting
and then do the shoveling and chopping
work of firefighting.
When their work is done they face a hike
out of the area, to the nearest road, that
might be anywhere from a half mile to 10
fl.-It- til,
2005W112 ia`-RDP64 468000500040020-5
GRESSIONAL RECORD -,HOUSE
a month for quarters. Overtime is paid at
the regular rate: They'll never get rich at
smokejumping. But they still get men from
all over the country who are anxious to
train at the base. This season they have
men from as far away as Iowa, but Jim said
this year is exceptional for having a high
percentage of men from the west coast.
The most local smoke jumper is Norm Paw-
lowski of Jacksonville, His parents, Mr, and
Mrs. A. F. Pawlowski, live at route 1., box
8. Norm is a student at Southern Oregon
College.
Three of the men are from Grants Pass
land the majority of the others are from
Oregon and California.
miles or more. On this hike they bring I The men are serious about their work,
their equipment back with.them. The long- ; but not frightened. Allen explained that
est backpack Jim can recall was 40.miles. the best safety device is thorough training,
FARE PACK and the men get plenty of that.
With a fire pack. (dropped individually to! Jim said that smokejumper training dif-
each man), jumping suit, parachute, ands fers from Army paratrooper training in that
spare chute, first-aid kit, protective hat, andi it's more intense, and because the men are
canteen, the equipment weights a minimum! trained to be "spot-jumpers." Guidelines
20 hours of physical conditioning during
their training.
They also get over 50 hours of fire-sup-
pression training, including 3 days of guard
school. At guard school they work with fire-
fighters from the entire Siskiyou Forest.
Their training calls for 10 hours of first
aid.
They get 60 hours of jump training, in-
cluding tower jumps, chute manipulation;
tree climbing, and chute retrieving.
NEW MEN
Sixteen new men were accepted for train-
ing this season at Siskiyou-out of 160 ap-
plicants. Jim Allen and his foreman, Al
.Boucher, can afford to be selective. They
pick the men who appear to be the cream of
the crop.
on the parachutes enable them to control
the direction of their descent, to a degree,
and they become adept at landing where
they want to rather than where the wind,
carries them.
Although the training jumps are made
Into a landing field, actual fire jumps are
usually made into timber. The men carry,
as part of their gear, a 100-foot letdown
rope that they use toslide to the ground
when their chute gets caught in a tree.
They say you'll never know what It feels
like to jump until you do it yourself. All
you can do is take the word of a smoke-
jumper who looks around while he kneels
by the open door of the plane, before he
steps out into the void.
"It's a wonderful feeling," he says.
And it's a wonderful service that this
group of finely tuned young men provide.
12857
some reason now unknown to us Soviet
interests may require reaching some
agreement at Geneva sufficient to war-
rant holding a summit conference. In
such a case I believe we should be pre-
pared for some tough, hard bargaining
with the Russians.
During the Geneva talks the West did
not clearly restate its views on the
future of the captive peoples of Eastern
Europe. This, I believe, can, be ex-
plained by the fact that the conference
has been concerned with the German
problem, and certainly in expressing our
views on the key questions of free elec-
tions as conditional for any genuine
reunification of Germany we had re-
affirmed a principle which has long been
a vital part of American foreign policy
not only toward Germany, but also for
all Eastern Europe. Understandably,
the general issue of Eastern Europe did
not arise since the attention of the con-
ference was focused almost entirely on
the Berlin problem. Still, the people of
Eastern Europe can take heart that
American policy remains fixed upon the
idea set forth in the Yalta and Potsdam
agreements requiring free elections in
the liberated countries of Europe.
At the moment it is difficult to deter-
mine whether there will be a summit
conference. Thus far, the only condi-
tion for convening a conference at this
level is assurances of some success at the
present Geneva negotiations of the For-
eign Ministers. I believe that this is an
eminently wise condition. Still, I be-
lieve that another condition should be
established, and that is, the explicit re-
quirement that the Soviet Union fulfill
its obligations under the wartime pacts
and permit free elections in the captive
states of Eastern Europe.
One of the most recent declarations
of policy on this matter was incorporated
in a letter of January 12, 1958, from
President Eisenhower to former Soviet
rremier Nikolai Bulganin. In this let-
drop We -out prefer rate men only who runs are first-year 10 percent. Gk
g FREE ELECTIONS FOR THE CAP-, ter Mr. Eisenhower stipulated that Rus-
men." Jim sa.iA ' -year college . TTVFPF(7PT,F.S sia's failure to fulfill pledges undertaken
About an to 70
f
nt
o
perce
our new men will return the following year
and we like to get them early so they can
stay with us for a few seasons."
He explained that when the men finish
college, permanent employment usually takes
them away from smoke-jumping.
QUALIFICATIONS
-
~ ----- --- -- ----- _ _____-,._,,...,,
The SPEAKER
pro tempore. Under world tensions and should be discussed
previous order of the House, the gentle- at any summit conference. I believe
man from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLOOD] is that the President should restate this
recognized for 15 minutes. principle at this time, for I submit, that
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, reports what he said then remains today, as it
from Geneva on the state of negotia- was then, the prevailing consensus of
Men accepted for smokejumper training tions by the Foreign Ministers of the Congress. For the information of Con-
must have had one season of fire suppres- Great Powers have so far offered little gress I wish to quote the pertinent pas-
sion work. They must be between 18 and hope that immediate efforts to resolve sage from Mr. Eisenhower's letter:
28 years old, be in sound physical health the Berlin crisis will succeed. The idea The second situation to which I refer Is
(including eyesight and hearing), and meet has already been taking hold that the that of the countries of Eastern Europe. The
height and weight requirements. Russians do not in fact want a settle- heads of our two Governments, together
Training this year runs from June 15 to ment of this issue, but rather are using with the Prime Minister of the United
July 13. By the 13th the new men will be this conference to exploit known divi- Kingdom, agreed in 1945 that the peoples
qualified jumpers, bringing the, total nuns- of these countries should have the right to
her of ready jumpers to 30. lions in the West on resolving the choose the form of government under which
They live, sleep, and eat at the base. They Berlin crisis. It is also a matter of they would live, and that our three coun-
can be airborne 15 minutes after they are serious conjecture whether Khrushchev tries had a responsibility in this respect.
notified of a fire. really want a summit conference. Pres- The three of us agreed to foster the con-
Boucher says, "Our cooks are our proudest ident Eisenhower has already voiced his ditions under which these peoples would
possessions. They work 7 days a week for doubts as to Khrushchev's sincerity, exercise their right of free choice.
the whole summer and we are really proud Be that as it may, relations among That agreement has not as yet been ful-
of the meals they give the men." filled.
Flying the twin-engine Beecheraft this nations are often marked by uncer-
I know that your Government is reluctant
season is a new man with the Forest Service, ; tainties. We do not know what tomor- to discuss these matters or to treat them
Dick Foy of 2764 Orchard Rome Drive, Med- row will bring. We cannot always ay a matter of international concern. But
ford. Dick and his wife, Peggie, live next fathom the mysteries of Soviet tactics the heads of governments did agree at Yalta
to the base, in diplomatic negotiations. Perhaps for in 1945 that these ---
-1 ----
were
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1285$ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 23
tional concern and- we specifically agreed LABOR-MANAGEMENT REFORM increasing the national minimum hourly
that there would appropriately be interna- BILL REPORTED wage to $1.25 and extending the wage-
tional consultation with reference to them. hour law to the 9 million working people
This was another matter t ken up at our Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, the
meeting in Geneva in 1955. You then took committee on Education and Labor re- who are now denied coverage under the
law
.
the position that there were nogrounds for ported today, by a vote of 16 to 14, a so- present
discussing this question at our conference called labor-management reform bill. I shall press for immediate considera-
and that it would involve interference in the tion of these objectives by our Commit-
internal affairs of the Eastern European As will quickly appear when the House tee on Education and Labor. The Con-
States, and Committee of the Whole considers gress has no moral right to adjourn with-
.But have not subsequent developments the bill, it is full of mistakes, inaccura- out enacting these objectivesintolaw.
shown that I was justified in my appeal to ties and, in the opinion of at least a ma-
you for consideration of these matters? jority on the Democratic side, wholly in- al what right, does the Fed-
you the Hungarian developments and the defensible provisions. It should be noted Government deny to millions of
virtually unanimous actions of the United workers the beneficial coverage of the
Nations General Assembly in relation there- as of extreme significance that amongst wage-hour law? These uncovered work-
to show that conditions in Eastern Europe the majority of 16 voting to report the ers are subject to the same Federal in-
are ;'re'ga`rded throughout the world as much bill, at least two Members-one Demo- come tax law as workers covered by the
more ,than a matter of purely domestic crat and one Republican-immediately wage-hour law. And these workers, who
scope.-, announced that they thought so little of are denied the benefits of the wage-hour
I propose that we should now discuss this the bill ,that they would introduce a new law, are as much affected by the persis-
matter. There Is an intrinsic need of this bill on Monday for consideration of the tent cost-of-living increases as the work-
in the interest of peace and justice, which
seems to me compelling. Members of the House. Another Repub- ers covered.
lican announced he was against the bill The Senate Subcommittee on Labor on
This is a vigorous declaration of a but voted to report it. July 10, 1959, reported out beneficial
vital American policy. It should be re- In other words, there is not a majority amendments to the wage-hour law.
affirmed at this time, not so much as a of the committee in favor of this bill. These amendments increase the hourly
general statement'of foreign policy but There is a majority who voted for a pro- rate for workers now covered to $1.15 on
rather as a condition for a summit meet- cedure, to enable them to attempt to the effective date of the proposed law and
ing and as such should be placed on the write what most of the majority of the $1.25 1 year later. Coverage is extended
agenda. Should we fail to do so, we Democratic Members will consider as to retail and service employees and other
would"
ont l h, default infer that this policy is antilegifimate union legislation on the categories of employees not now covered.
no longer viable and that our obligations floor of the House. The Senate action is modest. Our bill
undertaken, at Yalta and Potsdam have It should be noted also that the chair- ought to go further. The underlying
terminated. This would, in effect, mean man of the committee thought so little facts compel immediate action to increase
`writing off Eastern Europe and accept- of the bill that he has not given his name the hourly rate from $1 to $1.25 and to
ing Soviet conquest of the area as the to it. Under these circumstances, one extend the act to uncovered employees.
status quo. It would mean giving East- can only hope that the majority leader- Here are some of the facts relating to
ern Europeans no hope for the future. ship of the House will help many Mem- employees who, because of exemptions
It would mean that we would give them bers who have voted and who want to now contained in the wage-hour law, are
no other alternative but to accept corn- vote for a true antiracketeering meas- not covered by its provisions.
munisin and throw their unqualified ure as they have demonstrated by the Of the total of 7 million employees in
support behind their oppressors. recorded votes within the committee retail trade, excluding executive, admin-
It is not the sense of the American itself, will get the necessary considera- istrative, and professional employees and
people that this should ever come to Lion and support to accomplish this pur- outside salesmen, 6.8 million are not
pass pose. It can be flatly stated that the covered or are exempt from the mini-
It 4s Certainly not the sense of this bill, in its present form, is antilegiti- mum wage and overtime provisions.
Congress,
mate union in many of its important The Wage and Hour Division esti-
Let us, therefore, support the follow- provisions, even though containing some mates that in 1957 the number of switch-
ing resolution asking the President to excellent provisions, and the warning has board operators in telephone exchanges
repeal{.lifs declaration of January 12, clearly been given that attempts will be exempt under section 13(a) (11) of the
1958 x; a.fixed. condition for a summit made to make it even more antilegiti- present law was 47,000. The total num-
conference alad that should ever a sum- mate unions. The forces who want to ber of employees in the telephone indus-
mit, e*1i nc _be; held, the fulfillment
write an antiracketeering and union try in October 1957 was 766,000, of whom
'ete of th{,e,wart C 15 Iedge requiring free membership protection bill will need about 265,000 are Operators. Thus, about
high oonsxl"hine F~a age st nda ern for Europe should ould be
high much help in the weeks directly ahead 18 percent of the switchboard operators
'te~eas_tbe t7Aian of Sovig~ so'ciali'st Re- if the House is not going to be guilty of in the industry are exempt.
publics, at the Yfaion Conference and there- 'Writing legislation directly adverse to the According to estimates of average em-
"lta
has repeatedly promised to hold free, best interest of the vast majority of the ployment in 1957, there were 17,000 em-
elections in the nations it holds in bondage; orkfng men and women of this country. ployees of small newspapers-those with
and less than 4,000 circulation-who were
Whereas the U.S.S.R. has flagrantly and not. covered by the Fair Labor Standards
continuously violated all such promises; and (Mr, BOLAND (at the request of Mr. Act, or who were covered and exempt
. Whereas .the U.S.S.R. has cynically at- Bu1u E of Kentucky) was given permis- under section 13(a) (8) of the act. This
tempted to explain away its utter disregard sion to extend his remarks at this point estimate excluded executive, administra-
of its obligations by distorting and',obfus- in the RECORD and to include extraneous tive, and professional personnel and out-
eating the language in which they are matter.) side salesmen.
couched; and As of 1957, 100,000 employees were ex-
Whereas the U.S.S.R. continues in a course [Mr. BOLAND's remarks will appear empt under the seamen's exemption-
peoples of brutal under repression domandination, and exploitation of the hereafter in the Appendix.] excluding executive, administrative, and
-
larly those of -Eastern Europe; and professional employees. About 50,000 of
Whereas it is of the utmost importance EXTENDED COVERAGE AND $1.25 these employees were, employed in deep
that the United States of America shall never MINIMUM WAGE SHOULD BE sea vessels. The remainder were em-
assent to the abandonment of thpse peoples PROMPTLY ENACTED ployed on inland waterways and on har-
to hopeless tyranny: Therefore, be it bor craft.
Resolved, Th t it is the sense of the House (Mr. TELLER (at the request of Mr. Mr. Speaker, no more than short hear-
of Representatives that in every meeting or BUTRKE of Kentucky), was given permis-. ings will be required by our Committee
conference of representatives of the United lion to extend his remarks at this point on Education and Labor to prepare a
States with representatives of the Union of in the RECORD, and to include, extraneous proper bill on the subject. A number of
Soviet Socialist Republics, at every level, the matter.) Members of the House of Representa-
representatives of the United States should Mr. TELLER. Mr. Speaker, now that tives have proposed bills for the purpose
insist that the subject of free elections for
fthe peoples under Soviet bondage be placed Our Committee on Education and Labor of increasing the minimum wage to $1.25
upon the agenda of such meeting or con- has reported out the labor-management an hour and to extent the coverage of
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1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
urgent-that it is not surprising that many
programs have been instituted on a crash
basis with inadequate planning. Other pro-
grams, once started, had to be abandoned be-
cause of unexpected shifts in the military
situation. It would indeed be a carpeting
critic who would find fault with the dimes
which have beerrwasted when the dollars
have accomplished so much.
The technical assistance program, as such,
is of very recent origin in Vietnam, although
the Vietnamese have been receiving techni-
cal assistance from other appropriations for
for the three
Cambodia, but
lasting contribution to the
economy.
control and malaria control (emphasizing
prevention as well as cure), and nurses
training.
Among projects for which the justification
is obscure are contributions to a fine-arts
school, to a radio and electricity school, and
to a marine navigation school. Most of the
graduates of these last two schools cannot
find jobs in the Vietnamese economy, and
the question arises as to why such people
'should be trained in all three schools when
other needs are more pressing.
Mr. President, I conclude by observing
that here again is evidence that if the
program for the assistance and develop-
ment of what remains of the free world
is to be successful, it must be placed on
a long-term basis, with adequate oppor-
tunity for planning for the development
of these areas of the world.
I -egret that the Senate itself deleted
from the bill, as reported by its commit-
tee, the provision which would have
made planning possible in these various
areas.
Mr. President-
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HART
In the chair). The Senator from Ar-
kansas.
ELIMINATION OF BRUSH AND
SCRUB TIMBER
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President,
millions of acres in Arkansas are fur-
nishing little, if any, return on the land-
owners' investment. This land is
blighted by brush-scrub timber which
is so thick that neither native rasses
nor merchantable timber has a, hance
to grow. The Forest Service estimates
that over 60 percent of the for?st lands
in north Arkansas are afflicted with this
condition. Similar conditions exist in
many other States. So long as this land
remains in nonproductive use, the econ-
omy of the affected areas will be re-
tarded. This is a luxury which we in
Arkansas cannot afford. -
I may say that vast areas in many
other States of the Nation are similarly
afflicted; and the program of research
12759
which I have urged the Department of mittee will give further consideration to
Agriculture to pursue by means of the trying out the practice in other loca-
use of larger amounts of funds and tions, since the results thus far have
greater efforts, will be beneficial to prat- been so promising. I understand the
tically every State of the Union. committee's reluctance to approve this
In recent years, small-scale efforts as a general r atewide practice, in view
have been made to return this brush- of the many/unknown factors involved.
land to profitable use. One promising The research project I mentioned earlier
have generally been excellent, with
about a 75-percent kill within a period
of 18 months. Subsequent spot spray-
cent brush kill. I have been told t
this type of chemical application ill
raise the animal carrying capacit of
dous potential for boosting
duction by controlling thi
stu ies indicate that mg'riy soil types in
the arks and surroding areas would
supper commercial ine production if
brush competition ; were eliminated.
With th increasing demands for wood
products the Naai;ion, we cannot afford
to neglect is promising source for in-
creasing ou t' r inventories.
The brush nation problem is not
as simple as - may sound. The po-
tentials of b control have brought
out many 15robl Little is known
about the,effeots removing brush on
soil conservation c is and returns for
conversidns on vario soil types, effects
on wildlife,- and ma other important
questidiis. A research reject designed
to supply the answers to hese questions
has been proposed as a perative ar-
rangement between the F est Service
and the University of Arka as. This
is a much needed project; a I have
urged the Secretary of Agric ture to
include it in the Department o Agri-
culture program for the next fists ear.
I ask unanimous consent that m et-
ter to the Secretary of Agriculture d
printed in the body of the RECORD, fol
lowing by remarks:
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection? Without objection, it is so
ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, a
subsidiary question of the overall brush
control problem is whether chemical
spraying to kill brush should be included
in the cost-sharing practices covered by
the agricultural conservation program.
This type of work is included in the na-
tional program, and many States have
also included it in their programs. The
Arkansas ASC committee has approved
cost sharing for brush control on only an
experimental basis in two areas, includ-
ing my home county. I hope the com-
ECORD, following my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
as follows:
CHEMICAL CONTROL Or BRUSH STUDIED
(By Leland. DuVall)
More persons are becoming aware of the
fact that much of the land resources in
Arkansas is idle. This is true particularly of
northwest Arkansas but it applies to other
sections of the State, too.
Large areas that formerly supported farm
families are abandoned. Some land is being
used half-heartedly as pastures but the
grasses and legumes have to compete with
weeds and persimmon bushes. It is an un-
equal battle and the grasses and legumes
usually lose. This, in turn, means that the
cattle become thinner and the farmer needs
more acres to support an animal unit.
One group, representing a cross section of
many jobs and professions, believes it has
found a way to tip the scales in favor of the
grasses at a cost that will leave room for
profits. The answer is the use of chemicals
for the control of brush and weeds. These
chemicals are selective killers, which means
they do not damage the grasses and are
harmless to cattle.
NORTH AREA EXAMPLE
It has been estimated that 3,500,000 acres
in north Arkansas, or about 60 percent of
the forest land in that area, are producing
low returns or no income at all because of
the brush and weed infestation. Supporters
of the chemical control method of reclaiming
the land believe they have proof that the
program will work and that it will show a
profit.
Backing their theory are these facts:
About 100,000 acres of land in Arkansas
have been sprayed to (1) kill the hardwoods
to release the pines for more rapid growth
or (2) kill scrub timber, bushes, and weeds
to permit native grasses to produce a pasture.
This has, in effect, set up demonstration
plots in many parts of the State.
The Agricultural Stabilization and Con-
servation Committee has approved expert-
on a matter, supporters of the plan say
these rojects are proving successful.
OTHER STATES TRYING IT
The program is in full swing in many
other States. The California State Chamber
of Commerce has issued a report on work
done in the State. indicating that the use
of chemicals could trim considerably the
annual loss of $300 million to $400 million.
Oklahoma has 175,000 acres approved for
cost sharing last year under the agricultural
conservation program and this year more
than 20,000 acres are expected to be treated
with the Government sharing part of the
expenses.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Supporters of the program say this evi-
dence is enough to give the green light to an,
Arkansas program.
Hutton Ray, range management specialist
with the Soil' Conservation Service, is one of
the veterans in the battle for more recog-
ninon of the use of chemicals in the control.
of brush and weeds.
The University of Arkansas, which con-
sidered the program a longtime before ac-
cepting it, now offers degrees in range man-
agement.
FEDERAL TIE SOUGHT
The movement recently picked up power-
ful support when Senator J. WILLIAM FuL-
BRIGHT asked Agriculture Secretary Ezra,
Taft Benson to team with Arkansas in spon-
soring a program of continued and expanded
research aimed at finding the best way to re-
claim the idle land in the State.
The Internal Revenue Service ruled early
this year that expenditures for clearing.
brush from productive land represent "ordi-
nary and necessary expenses" and are deduc-
tible for tax purposes under section 162 of
the Tax Code.
This ruling may help tip the scales in favor
of brush control in some cases where the
owner was not convinced that the project
could be undertaken profitably.
APPLICATION METHODS
There are several methods of application.
The fastest way, of course, is the use of a
plane to spray the chemicals over the areas
to be cleared. On smaller operations, the
work can be done with spray rigs mounted
on tractors or trailers. Some persons even
use hand sprays.
Dr. Lyle O. Hill, president of the Reasor-'
Hill Corp. of Jacksonville, said the cost of
the initial treatment on hill land would be
about $8 an acre. He said it would be nec-
essary to make "maintenance" applications
after the first kill in order to prevent re-
growth of undesirable weeds or brush. The
annual cost of these treatments was esti-
mated at $1.40 an acre.
Although the program has not advanced
far enough to provide accurate figures, some
persons believe that after a few treatments
the landowner would be able to confine his
applications to the "hot spots" where un-
desirable weeds or bushes showed signs of
a comeback.
MAY BE ACTION JULY 29
The Arkansas Planning Committee, which
makes recommendations on the program
each year, will meet July 29 at Little Rock
and there is a good chance that the subject
will be discussed. Since this is only an ad-
visory group, the final decision will be made
by the ASC committee. The committee's
ruling will be included in the 1960 Hand-
book.
Supporters of the chemical brush control
program would settle for a cost-sharing pro-
gram in which the Government offered as-
sistance to farmers who wanted to clear
their brush land. On the other side of the
fence, the hope is that the decision will be
postponed until more is known about chem-
ical brush control and until Arkansas gets
more funds for the total farm program.
C
OTHER ARGUMENTS
There is some argument, of course, to the
effect that the clearing and use of land now
idle at a time when agricultural production
is producing surpluses would be uneconom-
ical. This group says the ASC . could spend
the available funds on cost-sharing projects
designed to drain flooded land that is po-
tentially far more productive than the hill
land now covered by brush.
Another argument against the widespread
use of sprays to kill brush and weeds on
hill land mentions the danger of touching
off a new cycle of soil erosion. Much of the
idle land went out of production because
the topsoil washed away as a result of row
cropping. The opposition group says more
research is needed in order to avoid the pos-
sibility that this might happen again.
Senator FuLsRIGHT's suggestion was of-
fered as a means of avoiding this danger,
since it proposed additional research.
The argument has been underway for
some time and the July 29 meeting is ex-
pected to show which side is gaining ground
at the administrative level. But many farm-
ers are going ahead with the program on
their own initiative. Perhaps their findings
will be considered as the basis for future
work in the field.
EXHIBIT 1
U.S. SENATE,
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS,
June 30, 1959.
Hon. EZRA TAFT BENSON,
Secretary of Agriculture,
Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: For many years I
have been interested in finding some way to
improve the productivity and usefulness of
the millions of acres of brushland in the
Ozarks region.
These lands are too rough or unproduc-
tive for farming or growth of tame pastures.
The dense growth of stunted hardwoods on
this land prevents the owner from receiving
a fair return on his investment. Approxi-
mately 31/2 million acres-nearly 60 per-
cent-of the present acreage of forest land
in north Arkansas is afflicted by this type of
growth. This of course greatly retardsv eco-
nomic progress in this area. The brush con-
ditions in north Arkansas are typical of
those also existing in eastern Oklahoma and
southwest Missouri. There is evidence that
this brushland could be profitably converted
to native grass rangeland or to shortleaf
pine, thus putting it to a productive use.
Small scale efforts have been made in the
last few years to attack this problem. The
Soil Conservation Service has actively
promoted range conservation practices in
Arkansas and the results have been ex-
tremely promising. The University of Ar-
kansas has, in cooperation with the South-
ern Forest Experiment Station, been engaged
in research in this field, to a very limited ex-
tent. Financial limitations necessitate that
this research be restricted to a small aspect
of the overall problem. A large scale re-
search program is needed if the woodland
resources of the Ozarks are to make a sub-
stantial contribution to the Ozarks economy.
It has just come to my attention that a
project, designed to provide the needed in-
formation, has been proposed jointly by the
Southern Forest, Experiment Station and the
University of Arkansas. Under this proposal
the project would be established on a, co-
operative basis between the Forest Service
and the University of Arkansas. Other agen-
cies of the Department of Agriculture and
the State of Arkansas would contribute their
services as required. I understand that the
estimated project costs will be approximately
$100,000 annually, for a period of 6 years.
This project offers much promise of lead-
ing to improved land use in the Ozarks re-
gion, with a corresponding effect upon the
local economies. There are millions of
acres of land which could be improved and
made into productive units if the needed
scientific knowledge were available. The in-
formation developed through such a project
would also be applicable to many other sec-
tions of the country with similar problems.
I urge that the Department give this pro-
posal careful study. It is vital to the Ozarks
region and I hope that funds will be in-
cluded in the budget for the 1961 fiscal year
to implement this project.
Sincerely yours,
J. W., FULBRIGHT.
July 22
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
Washington, D.a,, July 16, 1958.
Hon. J. W. F=RIGHT,
U.S. Senate.
DEAR SENATOR FULSRIGHT: We agree with
the views stated in your letter of June 30
regarding the importance of finding the
most productive uses for the brushlands of
the Ozark region. Many of these are in
northern Arkansas and bear stands of low
quality timber and brush. Some are prob-
ably in this condition because of past
abuses. Others are on poor soils that may
be incapable of high production of either
grass or trees.,
In recognition that these problems can-
not be solved without sound basic informa-
tion, the Forest Service's Southern Forest
Experiment Station has entered into the
cooperative agreement with the University
of Arkansas which you mention. We have
a modest study now underway aimed at
finding out how low-quality timbered lands
can be converted to grass and the effects of
conversion on the soil and water values.
We agree with you that studies of this
kind are needed and that results should be
helpful in determining the best land use in
the Ozarks.
We will give careful consideration to this
project with the Forest Service during prep-
aration of the 1961 fiscal year budget. At
this time, however, it is uncertain what
the overall financial requirements for the
fiscal year 1961 programs may be. We ap-
preciate knowing of your interest in the
Ozark problem.
Sincerely yours,
TRUE D. MORSE,
Under Secretary.
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask unanimous consent that the
order for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered. _1,
THE ECONOMIC WAR
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, it has
been said, "Take away the sword; states
can be saved without it."
The Communists, Mr. President, have
turned this saying around. They are
saying "Take away the sword; states can
be destroyed without it."
And how are they attempting to do
this? By the destruction of the United
States and the free.world economically.
And do not be disillusioned-their
campaign has started. We are in the
midst of an economic warfare which we
cannot afford to lose. Khrushchev him-
self has warned us that Russia will bury
us-he has told us that Russia values
trade. least for economic reasons and
most for political purposes.
In this competitive warfare the United
States is in danger of losing its world
markets. In fact, foreign competition
is not only taking our world markets, but
also our domestic markets. American
industry is now operating on a limited
scale. Greater operating capacity is, of
course, Impossible unless a greater con-
sumer demand generates fuller use of ex-
isting facilities.
Yet in attempting to help other parts
of the world help themselves, we find
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 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE .12761
ourselves frequently damaging our own some cases their aid has been smaller We should have learned, by now, that
economy. We have spent billions of dol- and they have been more successful. friends cannot be bought. We ought to
lars helping to reconstruct the economy Being a monolithic state, the Soviet know that the making of friendship
of war-torn countries. We are now see- Union has no difficulty in carrying on among peoples of different races and
Ing these same countries manufacturing foreign trade as a political weapon. Have nationalities includes a feeling of to-
cheaper goods and endangering our do- the Russians not bought and sold prod- getherness that comes from working with
mestic industries. ucts regardless of cost? Have they not each other as equals.
The security of the United States Is wrecked price relationships, producers, Markets are more important than tar-
essentially, Mr. President, the security and traders in foreign countries? And iff agreements.
of the free world. Damage the United have they not turned imports and ex- Free trade has become more and more
States and its economy, and eventually ports on and off solely for political rea- difficult as the countries of the world
the entire free world will suffer. sons? -have become industrialized. Today,
Soviet Russia is using trade as an in- Does it not appear then that their countries with low wages have some of
strument of its foreign policy-another foreign economic trade and aid policy the most modern machinery available.
Instrument to help it subjugate the :rest has become more successful than ours? Yet, wage levels in these countries are
of the free world to communist tryanny, Can we say that our foreign aid funds still substandard by any and all criteria.
and in this fight it has no scruples. It have, in all cases, been spent wisely and As American capital goes abroad, as it
does not give a second thought to dis- efficiently? Has it always been clear as now promises to do in Europe because of
rupting world markets or world eco- to what we are trying to do? We have the newly established European Com-
nomic conditions so long as in the long appropriated billions of dollars despite mon Market, there will be increasing
run it can see success. And success to these doubts because we have felt that competition between foreign-made and
them can mean creating disunity among we cannot afford to gamble with our American-made goods, both in the
the free nations, depressing prices, and Nation's security. - We have had in a American market and in other countries.
even, as it did in one European country, sense some type of foreign aid policy. The problem which is confronting us
the use of its economic weapons to bring Some of it has no doubt been bad, some is, how we can secure the advantages of
about the fall or subjugation of an un- of it has been good. Some of it is be- multilateral trade without wrecking
friendly government. ginning to haunt us. existing industries and investments?
We cannot, therefore, Mr. President, Yet, with respect to foreign trade poi- The objective of our foreign aid pro-
afford to wait for the fall of an atomic icy we are even less clear. In fact, we grams is to raise the consumptive capac-
bomb-it may never come. While we are approaching that point where it ity and productivity of the countries
are waiting, we may find our, country be- would be correct to say that we have receiving aid. A step forward would be
ing undermined by an economic bomb. no trade policy, the stimulation of trade with those coun-
Because of the differences between the The American people have looked to tries which, receiving developmental aid
longrun interests of our country as a the administration for leadership in this from the United States, succeed in rais-
whole and the shortrun interests of cer- field and have found none. As in so ing their levels of living.
tain producers, it is difficult to pursue a many areas in recent times, such leader- The solution I suggest lies in a sys-
national trade policy which, while ful- tem of marketing agreements which will ship, it appears, must come from else- filling the requirements of U
S
foreign
,
.
policy, does not injure certain domestic
producers.
And it is difficult to convince an in-
dividual being hurt by foreign competi-
tion that it may be wise to continue
such imports. It is only logical for per-
sons being hurt to seek the elimination
of foreign competition.
Because the administration has failed
to face this question squarely and cour-
ageously, we are now rattling along with
a watered-down trade policy. It has
been watered down so much that it is no
It no longer makes sense to compart-
mentalize our thinking as between for-
eign aid and foreign trade policy. We
need a new approach that will combine
the two into a single, comprehensive,
meaningful economic foreign policy.
New thinking, a new program, and
bold imaginative leadership will inspire
confidence, not only among the American
people but among free peoples every-
where.
longer recognizable as an instrument of Is our Reciprocal Trade Agreements
economic foreign policy. In fact, Mr. Act little more than nothing? At best
President, our reciprocal trade program we are doing little more in the foreign
has become so unpopular that during the trade field than standing still. Today
last Congress when it came up for re- tariff relations have ceased to have the
newal it became necessary for President meaning that they had when tariffs were
Eisenhower to call out the first string the principal reliance of countries for
team in an attempt to sell it to the regulating foreign commerce. Today,
American. people. quotas and other forms of trade barriers
Yet, in view of the Soviet international are usually more important than tariffs.
economic threat, it is important that the In the underdeveloped countries,
nations of the free world work together which, for the most part, are producers
and be economically, as well as militar- of raw materials, the assurance that
ily, strong. they will be able to sell their products
More than $5 billion a year has been year. after year, at prices that will yield
spent in recent years by our Government adequate and regular returns, is more
for economic reconstruction, support, important than the removal of a few
and development of countries throughout tariffs. International commodity agree-
the world. Included in this figure are, ments and understandings with respect
of course, funds for military support of to price and income stabilization be-
some of these countries. We have done tween the producing and the large buy-
this because our administrations have ing countries would be more effective,
said it is in the longrun self-interest of also, than much of the foreign aid that
the United States-and maybe it is. we are scattering throughout the world.
But one sure fact is apparent. The Without Intending to do so, we have
Communist bloc is using foreign aid and succeeded in giving the impression that,
foreign trade to win control of the under- failing to provide open markets, we are
developed and uncommitted countries of casting a few crumbs here and there in
the world. And it is contended that in an effort to buy friends.
allow us to produce and sell, while stim-
ulating trade with the rest of the free
world and among all the nations on our
side. This should assist other nations in
developing their resources and their pro-
ductive capacity. However, while doing
this we must insist that the countries
being assisted shall lift the standard of
living of their citizens. New markets
for the goods which they will produce
must be found both in their country and
in other countries. But it is sheer folly
to develop these countries and then have
them sending goods produced with our
money back into our own domestic mar-
kets.
For Instance, I have heard rumors that
we are prepared to negotiate loans with
certain countries in Africa for power-
plants. These countries are rich with
bauxite. More power developed with
American capital will mean, in all proba-
bility, that new aluminum smeltering
plants will open. This in turn may mean
aluminum products being shipped into
the United States or into our markets.
And what have we to look forward to? A
great industry will be damaged. We
have a multimillion-dollar aluminum
smeltering plant in Evansville, Ind.,
which has never opened because of situa-
tions similar to this.
Let us then, Mr. President, guard
against this danger to our domestic econ-
omy. In granting foreign aid, let us ar-
rive at an agreement with the recipient
country that their products, developed
with aid money, will not be used to com-
pete with our own markets. Let us help
them to find new markets for the goods
they manufacture. In the long run
this
,
will benefit both the United States and its
allies. In the specific case I just men-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 22
tioned, this could mean aluminum could
be marketed within these countries for
housing, irrigation pipes, roofing, and
other uses. After all, the yearly per cap-
ita consumption of aluminum in these
countries is less than 1 pound, compared
to 21 pounds in the United States.
This concept could be extended to take
care of other commodities and products.
I am sure that similar comparisons can
be made. Most of the world goes to bed
every evening in want of food and neces-
sities. An effective, new American for-
eign trade policy could help lift these
people from misery, could help improve
their way of life. This in turn would
help the United States.
I think that the concept I have tried
to develop today could play an important
role in a new foreign trade policy.
There are thousands and thousands of
untouched markets throughout the
world-we must seek them out for our-
Effective action in this neglected field
will accrue to our benefit and the benefit
REPEAL OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS
REQUIRING AFFIDAVITS OF LOY-
ALTY AND ALLEGIANCE
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (S. 819) to amend certain pro-
visions requiring affidavits of loyalty and
Mr. JOHNSON of Texa Mr. Presi-
dent, I ask unanimous con nt that a
time limitation, in the usual-form. in
plied to the unfinished business, %in' I
ask unanimous consent that thera
limitation of 2 hours on the t
amendment, and 1 hour on the bill, to
be equally divided; and I may say to the
Senator from New York [Mr. JAVITS] I
will yield some of that time to him if he
needs it.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the proposed unanimous-
consent agreement?
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, those ar-
rangements are satisfactory to me, so far
as I am concerned, provided we can have
a showing now to have a yea-and-nay
vote on the Mundt amendment.
Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Let us nq
deavor to have the yeas and nays ?or-
dered.
Mr. MUNDT. If I may have ~tc at as-
surance, I have no objection.
Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. fine Sena-
tor has my assurance that will attempt
to do it.
The PRESIDING O CER. Is there
objection to the pr used unanimous-
consent agreemen The Chair hears
none, and the ement is entered.
The unanimo s-eansent agreement, as
subsequently reduced to writing, is as
follows:
UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT
Ordered, That, effective immediately dur-
ing the further consideration of the bill (S.
819) to amend the National Defense Edu-
cation Act of 1958 in order to repeal certain
provisions requiring affidavits of loyalty and
allegiance, debate on any amendment (ex-
cept the amendment of Senator MUNDT of
South Dakota, on which there shall be 2
hours debate), motion, of appeal, except a
motion to lay on the table, shall be limited
to one-half hour, to be equally divided and
controlled by the mover of any such amend-
ment or motion and the majority leader:
Provided, That in the event the majority
shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally
divided and controlled, respectively, by the
majority and minority leaders: Provided,
from the time under their control on X e
passage of the said bill, allot addition me
to any Senator during the consideration of
any amendment, motion, or appeea2r
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, I ask for
The PRESIDING -OFFICER. No
mendment is pend]xig. The Senator is
requested on An amendment if the
amendment is ending.
The. Chair states that the debate is
now undeh limitation of time.
The bill is open to amendment.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I yield
myself 5 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Massachusetts is recog-
nized for 5 minutes.
Defense Education Act whit assed the
Senate a year ago. Thep vision for a
loyalty oath and affidav' was placed in
the National Defense Education Act dur-
tione n the report of the committee,
either p or on.
The bil ame to the floor of the Sen-
ate, and was no discussion of the
provis' s un the Senator from South
Dak a extende the provisions to the
to section, inste of only to the grant
judgment being made s to whether
those provisions should b contained in
The special subcommittee c sidering
education and health matters h hear-
ings on whether the provision sho d be
continued, and testimony was h rd
from Members of the Senate, Memb s
leading educators that the provision
should be repealed, that it was harmful
to the relations between the Federal
Government and the colleges, that it
threw an unjustified cloud of suspicion
over boys and girls who required money
to complete their- education., I think all
the Members of the Senate who testified,
including the Senator, from South Da-
kota, felt the present language should be
repealed.
The difference of opinion between us
today is as to whether there should be
a substitute, whether the language con-
tained in the bill should be repealed and
no substitute should be provided, or
whether the substitute suggested by the
Senator from South Dakota should be
included in the proposed legislation.
I am strongly opposed to the language
suggested by the Senor from South
Dakota, though I a frank to say it
South Dakota anyone who applies for
and receiv money provided for in the
oth ords, to sign the affidavit, nor
would i be necessary for the college to
give him oath of loyalty. Any student
could take a Toney, without paper
work, but if he ok the money and it was
later determine that he had been a
member of an or nization which the
Attorney General ha laced on his list,
he would be subject to riminal penalty
I say it is preferable to requiring. col-
leges and universities to give an oath of
loyalty to every boy or girl who applies
for and receives a loan of money, and
who may be hit economically. It will not -
be necessary for him to file an affidavit of
loyalty, but he will be subject to a crimi-
nal penalty if it is later found that he
was a member of an organization con-
tained on the Attorney General's list.
The question is, Why is not that a fair
compromise? Why should not a boy or a
girl who may be-a member of a Com-
munist-front organization be subject to a
possible criminal penalty if he or she ap-
plies for a loan to go to college, and re-
ceives the money?
I think the reason is that we do not
apply it to other groups to whom the
Federal Government makes funds avail-
able. We do not apply it to publishers
who receive subsidies which enable them
to send through the mails magazines
which affect public opinion. We do not
apply it to farmers who receive subsidies
under various farm programs. We do
not apply it to persons who own houses
and who receive subsidies under Federal
mortgage programs.
Why should we apply it to boys and
girls who may need money to complete
their education and who receive money
from the Federal Government? Why
should we subject them to this suspicion
when we do not subject other people
in our country to this kind of hazard?
I think it provides'no greater safety
for our national life. I do not believe
there are many Communists who would
erent for this purpose. Perhaps 1,
2, 3N 4, 5, or 10 might do so. The ques-
tion is, What will serve the national
interest better? Will applying this re-
quirement only to needy stdd mts serve
it better, or will applying it to all mem-
bers of the community serve it better?
-I do not believe Congress would be in
favor of applying the loyalty oath to all
Americans who need Federal assistance.
That being true, I do not think we should
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
(Rudy) Roudebaugh, concerning the
cross-country trek. The wagon train
was in Idaho while this was written:
RUDY LOCKED IN JAIL WHEN WAGONS STOP IN
IDAHO TowN
(By Rudy Roudebaugh, driver of Drain
Covered Wagon now traveling in Idaho)
Sunday, June 28: Mr. and Mrs. Andy Curt-
right and sons Frank and Ronnie of Yon-
calla were here to visit the wagon train.
Also Billy Alsup and family of Yoncalla. A
few people from Utah, but more from Wash-
ington and Oregon than Montana are visit-
ing the wagon train. Janell went to Vicki
Jensen's ranch and stayed all day. Ki and I
stayed with wagons and passed out the letters
from the Drain mayor. We had church sun-
rise services at 6.
June 29, 5:55: All hooked up and ready
to roll, but waiting on Roy Brabham again.
The weather is cloudy and cold. Ki and
Janell are in bed. They didn't feel too sharp
this morning, Must have been something
they ate. 6:22: Going west on big, wide oil
highway,
I notice after Mr. Blair left the wagon
cavalcade for his home at Sheridan, Oreg.,
they are leading the team he was driving.
Die and Jim ,, are walking right out this
morning. 6:55; The valley here is getting
narrow. 7:17: Entering Bennington; just a
small town. The` road is narrowing. 8:12:
In rolling country. 8:49: Entering George-
town, population 404. There wasn't many
people out to see us-mostly children. 9:13:
Going up a canyon. 9:38: It's starting to
rain. 9:57: Stopped to rest. Been pulling
a steep hill. 10:10: The elevation now 6,283.
11:13: Stopping for camp.
We were invited out to dinner by the
chamber of commerce, and the Daughters
of the Utah Pioneers of Camp Meade ar-
ranged the whole thing. They also took us
to see Soda Springs and Hooper Park and
famous captive geyser. We are 9 miles out
of Soda Springs, but they came out and
picked us up in cars and even hauled us
firewood.
June 30, 6:01: We are heading west on
Highway 30. 6:29: Leaving Bear Lake County
and entering Caribou County. There is
snow on the high peaks and it froze last
night. Chilly in the morning. This is
Wheat country. Mrs. Walker (first ranch on
our left) served us two plates of hot bis-
cuits for breakfast. 8:27: Soda Springs,
population 2,600. Ben and I went to the
bathroom in the jail and were locked in.
Have been in town 20 minutes and gave out
about 250 letters from the mayor. 12:03:
Leaving Soda Springs, which is a pretty place.
Reminded me of Oregon with all the green
grass and trees. 10:25: We're back in the
sagebrush on a lava road. Arrived at camp
at 10:27. We are parked right under the
Great Divide where the water runs southeast
into the Great Salt Lakeland northwest into
the Columbia Basin. We are 5 miles from
Grace, Idaho. Sandals were brought to us
by the Lowe Drug Store in Grace.
July 1, 5:45: All hooked up and ready to go.
The sun is out bright, but the temperature
is cool. 5:59: Heading up Fish Creek
Road. 6:59: Passing by Central Market way
out here in the sticks.' Jean Marshal slept in
our wagon with Janell last night. We are
going through a valley that grows a lot of
wheat. 8:24: Passing Lund's Post Office-
that's all that is here. 9:40: Stopped to rest
on a hill, the steepest we've csen since we
been on the trip. 9:44: On 'top of Fish
Divide. 9:48: Just got off the hill and
we had to block our wheels to get down:
10:31: Going up a canyon. 10:51: Crossed
the Partneuf River'and pulling onto High-
way 30, 11:16: Arrived in camp at Lava Hot
Springs rodeo grounds. I greased my wagons
this evening. We had free baths at the spa
pool. The chamber brought dinner out to
us. Ki is on cook shift again.
July 2, 6 a.m.: Waiting on Roy again this
morning. There are a few clouds in the sky.
6:05: Going west on gravel road. They have
begun to hay In this narrow valley. The
hills are rocky with few small trees growing
in the canyons. 6:43: We are pulling on
highway 30.
We passed a grandma walking and she
stopped to watch us go by. I asked her to
ride with us, but she declined, 7:26: Crossed
over Porteuf River. 7:32: Going down a
canyon. Ki is on cook shift again today.
8:29: Turned off highway to gravel road.
8:46: Going through McCannon. 9:08: We
are in sagebrush country again with cactus
all in red blossoms. 9:20: Crossed Marsh
Creek. 9:45: Going along foothills above
Marsh Creek. 11:23: Camped on the- Jack
Stanley ranch along Marsh Creek.
July 3, 5:50: All hooked up and ready to
go. The weather is cloudy and warm. We
had a little thunderstorm last'. night with
a shower. 5:58: Here we go. Doc and Jan
are doing better each day. 6:45: We are
going through Portneuf. Their main indgx-
try is cement. They have a large plscnt.
7:30: Going up a valley about a mile wide
along the foothills. Sagebrush on the hill-
side and hay fields on the other side. It is
lightning and thundering like h-. Boy.
The rain is here. Doc and Jan a-e acting
up. I guess they don't care for this sort
of thing. Ki doesn't either. Jarell is asleep
so nothing is bothering her. 8:10: We are
parked on Highway 30 a quarter of a mile
away is the Portneuf River. The sun is
coming out. 9:25: The first escort has come
out to meet us. The president and some of
the officers of the chamber of commerce are
out here to come in with us. They are wear-
ing beautiful Indian chief feathers and car=
rying a peacepipe. They came to our camp
last night and gave us gifts from all the busi-
ness places in Pocatello. Everything you can
think of was in the gifts. Also eight water-
melons.
We will be here over the 4th and have
every minute planned to entertain us. Free
laundry, meal,;, sewing machines, irons,
ironing boards, baths, etc. 9:56: Entering
Pocatello. 13:58: Went by a home and
they came out with ice cold lemonade and
cookies. 11:20: Arrived at camp at the fair-
grounds. It is pretty here. Lots of trees
and shade.
We just got here when Ed Dungan, son of
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Duncan , f Drain,
came up to the wagons. It was pre nice
to see someone that at least used to be, from
Drain. They furnished us with cars here to
use until we left. Ed Duncan and family
seen to it we didn't need one. They put off
crowning the rodeo queen until the wagon
train pioneers got there. This evening they
put on a small rodeo for us. Mr. and Mrs.
Wayne Hutchinson and family of Drain were
here today. Also Heb Cogner from Cottage
Grove.
July 4, 10: We went over to Ed's for lunch.
They have a beautiful new home, They
moved in 2 months ago. He picked onions
and radishes out of his garden for lunch.
The corn isn't quite ready yet. They put in
their lawn 3 weeks ago and it is up and
looks good. Ed said he had to water often
as the sun drys the ground out fast, We
had a ham dinner. It seemed good to relax
in a home again.
This evening we went to a banquet at
the Green Triangle, and then back 1o the
fairgrounds for fireworks. We ended our
evening going out to'-Ed's and visiting and
drinking coffee.. He has a wonderful family,
three children and a lovely wife. He wants
us to tell everyone in Drain "Hello" espe-
cially his parents and brothers and sisters.
A6409
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LEONARD FARBSTEIN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, Judy.-43, 1959
Mr. FARBSTEIN,. Mr.. Speaker, un-
der leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I include the following editorial
which appeared in the East Side News
of July 17, - 1959, commemorating the
birthday of Emma Lazarus, authoress of
the sonnet inscribed on the base of the
Statue of Liberty: -
EMMA LAZARUS: 1849-87
(By Harry H. Schlacht)
'Wednesday, July 22, we commemorat the
tlOth anniversary of the birth of Ekuma
Lazarus, the beloved American poetess.
Children of liberty will clasp her hand In
loving memory.
Emma Lazarus is the author of the inspir-
ing sonnet, "The New Colossus." Her mes-
sage to the world, all the world may read. -
It is engraved on the Statue of Liberty. It
is standing in the gateway of democracy.
The noble soul and human heart of Emma
Lazarus are symbolized in the Goddess of
Liberty. It was given to a child of oppressed
generations to understand the true mean-
ing of this liberty-loving nation; to pen the
immortal lines with such prophetic pathos;
to express the spirit of democracy with such
eloquence; to welcome the persecuted of the
Old World, to the glorious promise of the
New World.
And through the years we can hear the
echo of Miss Liberty's voice speaking to these
pilgrims to our blessed land: As you breathe
the free air of our shore homeless wanderer,
reaching home, become one with us in free-
dom's cause, take the riches of our liberties
and repay the gift of becoming one with
us-an American.
The Goddess of Liberty and Emma Lazarus
have become synonymous. No poet of any
nation has ever received such worldwide dis-
tinction. The "Lady With the Torch" was
presented by the people of France to the
American people to commemorate the first
centennial of American Independence,
Emma Lazarus was born on July 22, 1849,
in New York City. She was the daughter of
an old Jewish family. The story of her
literary evolution is the story of the fulfill-
ment of the evolution of a soul. Many
women of every race, many men of every
race, have evinced literary ability.
But it is rarely given to man or woman
to so combine the powerful poetic expression
with the clear insight and courage, with the
conviction and devotion, as it was in Emma
Lazarus. Her poems had power. Her poems -
had fire.
Since Miriam sang of deliverance and the
triumph of the Red Sea, the Jewish race has
had no braver singer. Her songs of divine
unity repeated on the lips of her own people,
in all zones and continents, have been heard
round the civilized world.
Her poem, "The Crowing of the Red Cock,"
written when the Russian sky was red with
blazing hatred, is a powerful lyric worthy of
the Maccabean age. Her poem, "Banner of
the Jew," has the ring of Israel's war trum-
pet. It sounded the clarion call to all Jews
to unite for human rights, for new achieve-
ments and for new glories as in the days of
the Maccabees.
She was one of the pioneers of Zionism.
She was one of the outstanding advocates of
a Jewish homeland. It was in that cause
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
that her character had Its fullest flowering.
It is heartening to see that the same poet-
ess who was the first to give expression for
the national renaissance of her people has
become the symbol of humanity and democ-
racy. She died on November 19, 1887. She
was in her 38th year.
On that tragic day no better appreciation
of Emma Lazarus was expressed than that
of the famous American poet John Green-
leaf Whittier who wrote: "Her people will
mourn the death of this woman. But they
will not be alone. At her grave the tears
of the daughters of Jerusalem will mingle
with those of the Christians."
As long as liberty shall live in the human
heart, as long as the Statue of Liberty shall
remain our symbol of freedom, the name of
Emma Lazarus will forever be a part of the
fame of that symbol as the champion of
liberty.
THE NEW COLOSSUS
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to
4 land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall
stand
A migllty woman with a torch whose flame
Is. imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon hand
Glows worldwide welcome; her mild eyes
command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities
frame.
"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp,"
cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your
poor
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe
free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to
me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door."
Health and Hospitalization
paid by private employers for comparable
work; the small pay raises granted Federal
workers have never been commensurate with
ever-rising living costs, and at this point,
living expenses have reached anew high.
Our Federal workers, with families to sup-
port or other dependents for whom they
must provide, find it barely possible to meet
their financial obligations; high living costs
plus high taxes prevent saving for the pro-
verbial rainy day or the day when a Fed-
eral employee or his dependents suffer a
serious illness. A critical illness requiring
protracted hospitalization, surgery, costly
hospital facilities and medicines, nursing
care, doctors' fees, not only wipes out any
little savings a low- or middle-income em-
ployee may have accumulated through great
personal sacrifices over a period of years
but also throws him into debt for years to
come. Such a burden becomes intolerable,
such worry must lower the morale and effi-
ciency of any human being. The cost of
personal health service insurance is pro-
hibitive to the millions of Federal employ-
ees in the low or middle salary brackets,
when procured on an individual basis.
The well-being and efficiency of our Fed-
eral employees must be considered and
preserved If we wish to keep our Government
offices and other installations operating at
the peak of accomplishment and effectuality.
Large private employers have for many years
helped their employees to obtain benefits
which this legislation would now provide
for Federal employees. To refuse to give
this assistance to our Federal employees
is to withhold reasonable and sound protec-
tion against the high costs of illness. Surely
the Federal Government owes to its em-
ployees the same consideration which private
industry, on the whole, has found it possible
to extend to its workers. The legislation
before you provides the needed and neces-
sary protection at a cost which employees
and the Government can afford.
I urge your committee to take favorable
Program for ection so that our Federal employees may be
,Accorded this sorely needed assistance.
Federal Employees
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ISIDORE DOLLINGER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 24, 1959
Mr. DOLLINGER. Mr. Speaker, the
Important subject of a health and hos-,
pitalization program for Federal em-
ployees is now under consideration by
the House Committee on Post Office and.
Civil Service.
Under leave to extend my remarks, 1:
am including in the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD, my statement to the committee on.
July 21, 1959.
Mr. Chairman and members of the Com-
mittee on Post Office an Civil Service, your
committee is considering legislation relating
to a health and hospitalization program for
Federal employees. Among the bills before
you is my H.R. 2326, to provide for Govern-
ment contribution toward personal health
service benefits for - civilian officers and em-
ployees in the U.S. service and their de
pendents, to authorize payroll deductions
for 'participants, and for other purposes.
I am pleased that your committee haz
scheduled actign on this long-overdue pro-
gram for assistance to our Federal employ-
ees. We know that employees in the Fed-
eral service have always been underpaid;
their salaries have never equalled salaries,
Nixon's Trip to Russia
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ALBERT H. BOSCH
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 21, 1959
Mr. BOSCH. Mr. Speaker, there has
been a great deal of discussion on the
trip of Vice President RICHARD M. NIXON
to Russia.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
include an excellent editorial which ap-
peared in the New York Daily News on
the subject. I commend this editorial
to the attention of my colleagues:
Vice President RICHARD M. Nixoiw's trip to
Soviet Russia (he's due in Moscow this
,morning) can have almost any number of
important effects and repercussions.
For one thing, the trip can profoundly
affect Mr. NIXON'S own political future-
his -chance of landing the 1960 Republican
Presidential nomtnation,and, if. lie gets that,
July 23
food after fuming and hour or two before
the waiter brings it.
Most importantly, the Nixon trip can affect
the Geneva Conference of Foreign Ministers,
which shows signs of collapse.
The Big Four powers (United States,
Britain, France, Russia) have wrangled for
weeks over N. S. Khrushchev's demand that
the Western Allies pull out of West Berlin,
which is 110 miles deep in East Germany.
TWO PROPOSALS ABOUT GERMANY
The dispute has boiled down to two pro-
posals.
Our side wants a Big Four Commission
set up, with West and East German advisers,
to study reunification of Germany. The
Kremlin proposes an all-German committee
to work on German reunification, with
Western allied rights in West Berlin un-
disturbed for 18 months.
The Russian scheme is one to bulldoze all
Germany into the Red slave empire. Con-
sent to it, and we'll lose probably the deci-
sive battle of the entire cold war.
Fortunately, as we see it, President Eisen-
hower goes on voicing determination never
to let the Western allies be pushed out of
West Berlin without a fight-a first-class
nuclear fight, we gather, if it comes to that.
Standing firmly with the President are
France and West Germany, and, at least out-
wardly in the last few days, Britain.
Vice President NixoN's scheduled talks
with Khrushchev may conceivably help to
ease the West Berlin situation.
NixoN is not authorized to make any deals
with Khrushchev. But should the latter
come up with concrete suggestions regard-
ing the cold war, NixoN is to report them
at once to the President, who will master-
mind the next moves.
IF KHRUSHCHEV SEES THE LIGHT
Our sub-Chief Executive is a man of
proved courage and political "savvy." It may
be that he can convince the Red czar that
the United States will not be pushed around,
and is no more afraid of Soviet Russia and
Red China than it was of Hitler Germany
and Tojo Japan.
Should those facts penetrate Khrushchev's
brain, he may well "crawfish" as most gang-
sters do when called.
For our part,'we hope 'Mr. NixoN will go
even further in' his talks with Khrushchev.
We hope he will grab the offensive for the
West in the cold war?
At it Warsaw news conference Tuesday
evening, Khrushchev screeched and screamed
about the current Captive, Nations Week in
the United States, as proclaimed by the
President with congressional approval, to
remind Americans that nine nations plus
East Germany are still slaves of Soviet
Russia.
ASK "KHRUSITY" ABOUT THE SLAVE NATIONS
Khrushchev's bellow was enlarged upon in
a three-column article yesterday in Pravda,
most important of the Russian-kept news-
papers. Pravda claimed to be outraged that
anybody should think people living under
communism are slaves-which is exactly
what all such people except the Communist
bosses are.
This incident, it seems to us, points up
again what many observers say: that what
worries the Kremlin most In this group of
restless and resentful slave nations.
The West's best single cold-war bet, say
these same observers, is to agitate and
propagandize in every feasible way for the
liberation of the slave nations, thereby,
keeping the Kremlin worried and off balance.
The trip, too, may swell the already sisable _ If Mr. NIxoN will hammer on this point as
stream of U.S. socialites visiting Russia he talks with Khrushchev, we believe his do-
through passeth our understanding that any ing so can be utilized as the opening barrage
American should want to inhabit, Russia's in a Western cold-war offensive which can
dowdy hotels and consume stodgy Russian get real results If pressed without letup.
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