WE MUST INTERVENE IN CUBA EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. W.J. BRYAN DORN

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• Collection: General CIA Records
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• Publication Date: May 18, 1961
• Content Type: OPEN

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3549
ter Trohan to the attention of my col-
WASHINGTON, May 9.-The House Agricul-
ture Committee is holding hearings on an
overall farm bill, a most complicated measure
with far-reaching implications because it
would supposedly let farmers write their
own tickets but actually puts final power in
the hands of Secretary of Agriculture Orville
Freeman.
The bill, by which the administration
hopes to discharge its campaign promises to
solve the farm problem, is a 79-page affair
which covers the soil front. Charles B.
Shuman, president of the American Farm
Bureau Federation, says it will give Freeman
absolute control over agriculture.
There is something for every farmer in
the measure, from a low interest program to
build farmhouses and irrigation ditches to
crops themselves. The home and irrigation
loans would be paid over a 40-year period
with the interest rate no higher than 5
percent.
The measure would expand the power of
farm cooperatives, which many businessmen
consider too big at present. There is a pro-
gram for setting up food reserves in so-
called underdeveloped countries and much
more. Of course, the costs will fall, where
they always come to rest,. on the American
taxpayer.
PLAN REVIVAL OF PAYROLLER VOTE FORCE
Plans are to revive the field committee
set up to administer many items of the bill.
This spells a return to a program that will
replace approximately 50,000 field committee-
men on the Federal payroll, where they can
be expected to constitute the potent political
force they were back in the days of such
Democratic Agriculture Secretaries as Henry
Wallace, Claude Wickard, and Charles
Brannan. The boost in administrative costs
would be about $250 million a year.
Whether or not this will be approved by
Congress, it is evident Freeman wants to
dictate farm production and prices. His
chief economic adviser is Willard Cochrane,
of the University of Minnesota, who was
Kennedy's farm adviser during the campaign
and who proposed the concept of parity in-
come which would be even higher than parity
price for farmers.
During the campaign, farm economists in
the Department of Agriculture said the
Cochrane formula would mean a 10-cents-a-
pound jump in the price of hogs, a 17-cents-
a-pound increase for chickens, and a 19-cent-
hoist In eggs, with other food prices jump-
ing in proportion. The Department said the
plan would raise food costs for consumers
by almost 25 percent.
The first major piece of farm legislation
under the New Frontier was the feed grain
bill, which gave the Department authority
to control production and price of corn and
grain sorghums. If the overall farm bill now
under consideration goes through, Freeman
will undoubtedly try to promote the farm
parity income concept.
VOTE TO RAISE CHICAGO FOOD PRICES
To win, Freeman is counting on the sup-
port of many big city Congressmen, who
know nothing about the farm problem, but
vote regularly for more and more Govern-
ment domination over farmers, even though
the domination means higher food prices
for their constituents and less and less free
enterprise.
The margin for passage on the feed grain
bill last March 9 was furnished by Chicago's
Democratic Congressmen. Led by the dean
of the city's delegation, THOMAS J. O'BRIEN,
Democrat, of Illinois, all 10 Chicago Demo-
crats went down the line for the measure
which passed the House by a vote of 209 to
202. Had the Chicago Democrats voted
against the measure, it would have lost 212
to 199.
Undoubtedly, House leaders are counting
on Chicago's Democrats, as well as those of
other large cities, to go down the line again
when the big farm bill comes up for a vote.
In view of the prospective higher food prices,
interference with the operations of mer-
chants and traders of Chicago, and damage
to the free-trade system generally, it ,seems
strange that Chicago Democrats are so loyal
to the ideas of Professor Cochrane and
Secretary Freeman.
Each Retreat Under New Isolationist-
Pacifist Pressure Increases Danger of
War and Defeat
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WALTER H. JUDD
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I
include the following article by William
S. White from the Washington Star of
May 17, 1961:
NEW ISOLATIONIST-PACIFIST GROUP PERILING
NATION IN DELUSION THAT ALL FORCE, EVEN
FOR RIGHT IS EVIL
(By William S. White)
American foreign policy stands at the most
fateful crossroads since the old isolationists
and pacifists narrowly failed two decades ago
to prevent this country from joining in the
resistance to the Nazis and Fascists.
This movement honestly believed itself
dedicated to "peace" and to America First.
But had it had its way America would have
finished not first but rather third-the third
victim, after Britain and France, of an anti-
human force centered in Adolf Hitler.
Now there has arisen to frightening influ-
ence a new American isolationism, a new
American pacifism, which may well destroy
the capacity of the United States to resist
the equally antihuman force of international
communism.
In one way, indeed, the danger is greater
now than then. For the old isolationists,
the old pacifists, at least did not deny their
isolationism, their pacifism. But the new
isolationism will not acknowledge itself for
what it is. The new pacifism will not ad-
mit, even to itself, that the inevitable end
of its reasoning is the surrender of one anti-
Communist position after another until
there will be at last no place left for the
West to turn and stand its ground.
Instead, the neo-isolationists, the neo-
pacifists, put the plain meaning of their
policies under a bland, superior cloud of
self-deluding talky-talk. They do not
simply say flatly that we should take no risk
in this world--not in Cuba, not in Laos, not
anywhere-and let it go at that.
With that kind of candor, the issues could
at any rate be met headon. Rather, they
argue, for example, simply that Cuba is not
really a threat to the United States, in spite
of the public alliance with the Soviet bloc
publicly proclaimed by Fidel Castro. Cuba
is only peripheral, though Cuba lies 90 miles
from the American shoreline and though for
the first time in our nationhood an aggres-
sive international power has an undeniable
lodgment of this hemisphere.
So it is with Laos, Loss is not really worth
any risk, either. We are held to be inter-
fering there in local politics, or something or
the other.
Again, the preconditions for fair debate are
denied for lack of candor among the new
isolationists, the new pacifists. For nearly
all those who now declare that Castro offers
no great danger to us were In the forefront
of those who built up the dictator, Castro,
with almost hysterical hosannas, in the first
place. He is in part their own creation.
This truth they cannot admit without ad-
mitting their share of responsibility. So
what is a truth becomes, to them, no truth
at all.
The new isolationists, the new pacifists,
have honorable motives. But at the very
bottom they are also men caught by a dan-
gerous and shallow myth exploded way back
in Hitler's time for all mankind to see. This
is the delusion that all force Is always evil
(and all generals always stupid) even when
only force is left to defend right and justice.
It is the delusion that only diplomacy and
negotiation are acceptable weapons.
So we fall in Cuba, because we dare not
risk direct action and thus the censure of
the neoisolationists, the neopacifists, in this
and other countries. So our Secretary of
State refuses one day to sit down at Geneva
with Communist gunmen and next day
agrees to sit down with them, under pressure
of the neopacifists in England, in France,
and here.
It is easy to laugh aside those who object
to these surrenders. It is only necessary
to suggest that we are simply naive, excita-
ble men, flag wavers and warmongers. But
just as Hitler tragically fooled the old isola-
tionists and pacifists, Khrushchev Is tragi-
cally fooling this new lot.
So President Kennedy faces a great im-
perative of history. He must soon free him-
self of every shadow of the influence of this
new lot, or this country is going down the
drain-and so is his administration in the
long book of that history.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the commit-
tee on Pan American Policy, headed by
Harold Lord Varney, is making every ef-
fort to awaken American people to the
danger of a Communist Cuba. The fol-
lowing news release was issued by this
Committee on May 2:
WE MUST INTERVENE IN CCJBA
The Nation is stunned by the events in
Cuba. It is not enough to recognize that
we have suffered a shattering prestige defeat.
What is important is that we must not ac-
cept the defeat as irretrievable.
There is no mystery about why we lost.
We have failed in Cuba, just as we failed
in Korea, because we did not fight to win.
With all the ace cards in our hand, we did
not choose to play them. We resorted to the
subterfuge of an exile's Invasion instead of
facing the situation squarely ourselves. And
In consequence, we have given the contempt-
ible Castro an opportunity to claim victory
over the United States, when we could have
crushed him like a cockroach.
Why did we do this senseless thing?
The reason can be found in the hangman's
noose of treaties, commitments, and renun-
ciations which we have put ourselves into in
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Latin America during the last two decades,
in an effort to win friendship. In a practical
situation, like that of Cuba, these commit-
ments fetter us hand and foot.
Let us face the bitter truth. The whole
OAS apparatus, into which we marched so
hopefully in 1952, has become a millstone
about the neck of the United States. It
cannot act promptly and decisively when we
need it. It stops us from acting alone.
Moreover, it provides an easy alibi to ir-
resolute men in Washington to shirk hard
decisions. To every realistic proposal, they
have the ready answer that we must not
offend our Latin American allies. And so
we flirt with catastrophe rather than hurt
Latin American feelings.
President Kennedy is not to blame for the
Cuban debacle. He inherited the whole fan-
tastic spider web of treaties and self-imposed
restraints from his predecessors.
But now that he knows that he cannot
win battles hog-tied to the OAS, he has no
other practical choice but to go it alone. To
do nothing, to allow the virus of Castroism
to continue to spread in this hemisphere,
would be the most craven form of defeatism.
President Kennedy must act, and he must be
prepared to act alone.
Cutting through all the moldy phrases of
the ideologues, the logic of the situation is
plain.
Notwithstanding his statement of April 12,
President Kennedy must intervene in Cuba
with American forces. If we stop to haggle
over legalities, we are lost. If our Latin
American allies will intervene with us, we
will Welcome them. If they will not, we
must act alone. Above all, we cannot wait
for a decision in the OAS, for it will never
come.
We must intervene in the full knowledge
that our action will be denounced and
abused by the whole professional anti-
Yankee wolfpack in Latin America. But if
we lose to communism-which we certainly
will If we do not immediately clean up
Castroism-we will be abused even more
venomously, and despised to boot. At least
we can now have the compensation of
victory.
President Kennedy can place his name in
the illustrious roll of Presidents who were
not afraid to act in a crisis. He has the
opportunity in Cuba.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LESTER HOLTZMAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am
today introducing In the House of Rep-
resentatives two bills which, in my opin-
ion, will do much to provide some small
measure of relief to the American tax-
payer.
The first bill provides that an exemp-
tion from income tax in the case of re-
tirement annuities and pensions, up to
'the amount of $2,500, would be granted.
This legislation is introduced with the
thought in mind that our elder citizens
must be given a helping hand in meeting
the current high cost of living. Many
of them have been endeavoring to live
on fixed incomes for a number of years,
and with the continued upward spiral of
living costs, this has made their situa-
tion a, desperate one. Many of them
have been forced to seek work to sup-
plement their annuities or pensions, and
with the unemployment situation as
critical as it has been in the last several
years, finding a suitable position has not
always been possible or easy.
The second bill would increase the
present personal income tax exemption
of a taxpayer from $600 to $1,000, in-
cluding the exemptions for a spouse, a
dependent, and fot old-age and blind-
ness. The present $600 exemption is
absolutely outdated and totally unrealis-
tic today, having been put into effect a
number of years ago when living ex-
Penses were considerably lower.
The tax laws have placed a heavy and
onerous burden on our taxpayers, par-
ticularly those in the lower- and middle-
income brackets, and I believe that a
liberalization of these laws is long
overdue. To increase the present ex-
emptions will place more money in the
hands of the consumer, and in turn will
stimulate our economy.
A Salute to the Memory of Senator
George W. Norris
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ESTES KEFAUVER
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD the address
delivered by J. L. Robertson, member
of the Board of Governors of the Fed-
eral Reserve System, at the George W.
Norris National Centennial Conference,
in Washington, D.C., on May 16, 1961.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
A SALUTE TO THE MEMORY OF SENATOR GEORGE
W. Noanis
(By J. L. Robertson, Member of the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System
at the George W. Norris National Centen-
nial Conference, Willard Hotel, Washing-
ton, D.C., May 16, 1961)
This is that unusual occasion when one
can use a hackneyed phrase with genuine
meaning and sincerity, as I do in saying I am
very glad of the opportunity to join with the
re;t of you in paying tribute to a great
man-a man who on a number of occasions
was singled out by that knowledgeable
group, the Washington press correspondents,
as the Nation's most effective U.S. Senator.
I am glad to be a part of a gathering of
people who seek to honor this man and at
the same time recall to all Americans the
character, the foresight, imagination and
wisdom, the courage, integrity, and tenacity
that were his, in the hope that more people
will be inspired to follow the example he
set for us.
Senator Norris is known chiefly for his
efforts in the fields of conservation and de-
velopment of natural resources, his tireless
work in behalf of the "common man," his
powerful espousal of the cause of labor in
days when it was downtrodden and fighting
for greater recognition and greater par-
ticipation in the fruits of productivity, and
his valiant and never faltering battle for
good government.
May 18
Everyone then on the scene remembers his
famous spider-web speech, in which he
traced tha interlocking ties of large institu-
tions and the resulting concentration of
power in the hands of a relatively small
number (if persons, his efforts in support of
the antitrust laws, his ferocious castigation
of Government officials who flirted with con-
flicting interests, and his long and bitter
fight to prevent Muscle Shoals from being
turned over to private interests for private
gain, which culminated in the establishment
of the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Everyone knows of the role played by
Senator Norris in conenction with the TVA,
the REA, the Norris-La Guardia Act, Tea-
pot Dime, the impeachment of Judge Robert
W. Archbold, the lame-duck amendment to
the Cons;itution, which was designed to
prevent Members of Congress from legislat-
ing after others had been elected to replace
them, and the unicameral legislature of the
State of Nebraska.
Everyone knows of all these landmarks
of his caraer, and not one of them is espe-
cially associated with banking. Hence, you
may wonder how a governor of the Federal
ReserV,e System fits into the picture.
Certainly I am not here because of the
fact that my hometown, Broken Bow, Nebr.,
was, I regret to say, also the home of an
obscure grocer with the same name as Sena-
tor Norris, who was persuaded by unscrupu-
lous politicians to try to run for office against
the Senator and thus confuse the voters
enough to bring about the election of a third
man. For;unately for the country, that ef-
fort failed and the other George W. Norris
went to jail.
I knew S enator Norris better than most of
you because of an interlocking relationship
between the Norris and Robertson families.
During the most formative years of my life,
I had the privilege of listening to him tell
of the experiences of his life that left on him
the greatest imprint, as well as those things
that concerned him most: the spelling bees
in the country school, the rural debating so-
cieties in which he developed his forensic
abilities, the difficulties (and pleasures) of
working his way toward a legal education,
the roughness of his teaching experience in
the far northwest, the hardships involved
in eking or;.t a bare living as a young lawyer,
and his trials and tribulations on the bench
and in Congress.
I often wish I had a tape recording of his
tales of the infighting that accompanied
his efforts to curb concentrations of power
and to saw. for the Nation its vast reservoir
of natural resources. I can still hear him
telling about the way he was chastised by his
party when he bucked and defeated the ma-
chine that had, until then, enabled Uncle
Joe Cannon to rule the House of Represent-
atives like a. czar. And I never will forget his
description of the pressures brought to bear/
to dissuade him from crossing party lines
and supporting the nomination of Louis
Brandeis to the Supreme Court. Later, of
course, everyone came to understand that
Senator Norris was not amenable to pres-
sures.
The stories he told of his childhood, his
early law piactice, his years as a judge and
as a legislator, were entrancing. They were
more than that. They inspired one and left
him with the conviction'that public service is
one ofl the highest forms of human
endeavor-f:?ustrating at times, but highly
rewarding. This is perhaps the real reason
why I feel fortunate to have been able to
serve the people of our country for 34 years;
why I feel sure that if I could relive my life
I would agan try to follow in his footsteps
by using whatever abilities I possess in the
Interests of efficient public service.
Senator Norris was one of the noblest men
ever produced in this country, certainly the
greatest Senator to come from Nebraska, and
one of the Nation's greatest. In his day, he
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3541
of the Constitution they want now are the
first three articles under which to organize,
the welfare clause under which to legislate,
and the fifth amendment behind which to
hide. There are some of us who seriously
wonder whether our democracy can survive
the misuse of the Constitution by enemies
of our society who, under the guise of rights
and privileges, hide behind it; who, under the
guise of freedom of speech, press, and assem-
bly, castigate and vilify it; and who, under
the guise of humanitarianism and the wel-
fare clause, would legislate its destruction.
The people of this Nation must stabilize
themselves, inform themselves as to what's
happening and then decide what they want
in Government. Do we want a welfare
state, socialism, x-ism, call it what you
please, or do we want a return to constitu-
tional government as decreed by our fore-
fathers, tested for over a century by its
political enemies, and survived and prospered
over the years guided and sustained by a
great and freedom-loving people.
Norman Thomas gave up years ago joy-
ously and victoriously stating that it was
no longer necessary for the Socialist Party
to exist because the two major parties had
already accomplished its aims. Much more
implementation has been made since then
by legislation and Supreme Court decisions.
Decisions not based upon stare decises but
upon changing times and the changing of
our social order; by legislation which by-
passes the concept of jurisdiction between
Federal and State but ostensibly bottomed
upon the so-called welfare clause; by laws
that tend to relegate our States to mere
vassals of a Federal bureaucratic regime;
by pseudolegal violence to the constitutions
of our States in actions to dictate the con-
trol of State funds and the State's right to
spend these funds for the continuation and
preservation of State institutions; to dictate
changes in voting qualifications; to dictate
intrastate wages and hours; to dictate whom
you must employ before you are eligible
to bid on a contract with your own Gov-
ernment; and many other usurpations of
States rights too numerous to mention.
If this is what the people want let them
make a thoughtful and final decision. Final
because once made to accept socialism there
is no return. The choice must be between
loyalty to our selfish interest and loyalty to
our individual freedom-loyalty to social and
political expediency and loyalty to princi-
ples and ideals-loyalty to a materialistic
abundance and loyalty to a fiscally sound
economy. The chosing of one's expression
of loyalty is but to exercise the genius of
democracy which still remains the type of
government which men who are less than
men seek to avoid. It is the most demand-
ing system that has ever been created. It
is not something created for soft man but a
society and a way of life which our fore-
fathers worked, fought, bled, and died for
and can be maintained only with courage,
work, sacrifice, and determination-courage
of our convictions; work to acquire knowl-
edge to nurture our convictions; sacrifice
of selfish desires for patriotic citizenship,
and determination to keep our Nation safe
for a God-fearing and freedom-loving peo-
ple.
The era in which we now live is fraught
between two camps-democracy as we know
it-and communism and other isms. These
are probably more a political expression than
a philosophy and the real intellectual war
that is being waged within our world so-
ciety is whether we can evaluate the true
nature of man and history-whether -man is
free to create history or whether history will
shackle man to the status of a soul-less
creature dominated by the state.
We the people must awaken from our
opiates of self-indulgence and regain our per-
spective. "What is America?" not the aca-
demic concept of geographical and material
existence but-what makes it tick-why a
declaration of independence. Why a Con-
stitution. Why a Bill of Rights. These pro-
found questions can only be answered by an
intelligent, courageous, and patriotic peo-
ple after a soul-searching admission that
what they stand for cannot survive on
apathy, ignorance, and irresponsibility. We
must never take our freedoms and liberties
for granted. -I wish every native-born citizen
could look upon the face of the foreign-born
when he finally becomes a naturalized citizen
of these United States; could see the tears
of joy-could sense the great soul-filled
pride of those who know what it is to be
deprived of the rights we enjoy and take for
granted. If we could regain from some of
them the real value of American citizenship
what a great lesson we could teach in our
everyday lives.
We the people must determine the kind
of America we want for the future.
I think I can speak with a unanimous
voice for Americans when I say that we want
an America for the future that lifts its head
high in the world, not because of its military
might, or its material achievements, but be-
cause we are morally right and sound, and
because America is a living symbol of the
rights and dignity of man. We want an
America so constant to its principles, and so
resolute in honoring its responsibilities to
the free world that our friends all over the
globe will never have reason to regret the
trust that they have placed in us. We want
an America ever prepared to meet any chal-
lenge or any competing ideology with great
breadth of courage, and great depth of pur-
pose.
Can this be done? Of course it can. The
pattern was drawn with the first sketching
of the framework of America in the Declara-
tion of Independence. We need only re-
awaken to the challenge. This America of
the future will demand citizens who recog-
nize that the true greatness of our Nation
does not lie in its high standard of living,
but rather in its high standard of life. We
shall need citizens who realize that the se-
curity of our Nation is the responsibility of
each individual citizen. We must prove that
a free people, through voluntary, coopera-
tive effort, can achieve a better standard of
life than can be gained in the regimented
society of the Soviet Union. Communism
and socialism require people who can be told
what to do, who can be managed, democracy
demands people who have self-control, who
can manage themselves.
Yes; we can have this America of the
future, but only if every citizen of the Unit-
ed States accepts his responsibility and ful-
fills his role in the spirit of self-discipline.
You cannot say, "Let George do it."
Democratic government is a shared re-
sponsibility. It implies that every citizen,
as well as every public official, make a career
of citizenship. Only in this way can democ-
racy be strong. Its strength rests whole-
souled on the fact that we have on this soil
the incredible phenomenon of 180 million
people who are ruled by themselves. It is
the people who tell the Government where
it gets on, and where it gets off. It is the
people who hire and fire the Government,
through our system of elections. This is
an immense responsibility that rests upon
you and me and every individual American
citizen. In a nation as large and complex
as ours, only an intelligent, perceptive citi-
zenry could accomplish this task without
the machinery of democracy simply falling
apart.
We can no longer escape the fact that
our personal destinies are deeply involved
with the actions of the Federal Government.
If we fail to assume our individual respon-
sibilities. We shall have surrendered our
integrity as American citizens, and we shall
have no cause for complaint. But if we are
ever aware that government is a shared re-
sponsibility, and if we maintain an alert,
unselfish, and participating citizenry, then
our institutions will be safe and our freedom
secure.
I would encourage each of you to look to
the America that you want for the future,
and to remember that there is no distinction
between what is good for your future, and
what is good for the future of the country.
I would encourage you to exercise every act
that is within your power to enrich and pre-
serve the heritage that is ours, and to prove
to the world that constitutional democracy
is not a dying society, but a vibrant and
rewarding way of life that holds the dignity
of the individual on the highest pedestal.
This task will require the effort and dedica-
tion of every single one of us.
Last, but not least, don't be ashamed to be
patriotic, don't hide your face if a tear of
pride comes in your eye when Old Glory is
unfurled and the national anthem is played.
Raise your head high and look at America-
listen, and you'll hear her say to you: "I'm
just what you ma] me, no more or no
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
include the following editorial from the
May 10 issue of the Indianapolis News,
by Morrie Ryskind:
WHY EXEMPT INTELLECTUALS FROM BLAME?
(By Morrie Ryskind)
By any standards, James Reston-agree..
with him or not-is one of the ablest and
saltiest reporters of the American scene.
Though he quite obviously favored Kennedy
in the presidential campaign, his is no blind
loyalty, and he has not hesitated to point
out some of the errors of this administration.
In a recent column, for example, he places
no small portion of the blame for the Cuban
fiasco on some of the professors the Presi-
dent lured way from the colleges. But he
concludes with a solemn warning that the
academicians must not be attacked too vig-
orously, lest the country develop a spasm
of anti-intellectualism.
Reston readers are entitled to better than
that, for it is surely one of the moldiest
cliches in the liberal lexicon. Every time a
professor utters a bunch of balderdash-and
many of them do, even as the rest of us-
any criticism of it meets an immediate coun-
tercharge of anti-intellectualism. Do you
disagree with some of the conclusions of
Galbraith, the younger Schlesinger or Linus
Pauling? Well, then, you probably know
what you are: A dirty anti-intellectual and a
know-nothing to boot.
This is a curious notion in a country
where you are free to criticize your baseball
manager, your policemen, your legislators,
your President and, on rare occasions, your
wife's cooking.
What, in heaven's name, makes an intel-
lectual, anyhow? The self-anointing? What
gives the group that peculiar aura of sanc-
tity that robs the rest of us of the right
to call attention to the plain fact that some
of their ideas have no clothes on? If they
have come directly from Sinai or Olympus,
we are at least entitled to see their passports
and not accept their mere say-so.
The mere fact that a man is an authority
in a given field does not, regrettably but
undeniably, make him an authority in all
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A3542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX
branches of knowledge. Henry Ford was, be-
yond doubt, an authentic genius who
changed the face of America, and no one
questions Einstein's place in higher mathe-
matics.
Once they stepped outside their ken and
discussed politics, however, neither had the
faintest idea about what he was talking.
Neither my best friends nor my worst
enemies have ever ranked me with the
scholarly elite, but I have occasionally man-
aged to be on the fringe. It happens that
I know and admire greatly Max Eastman and
William F. Buckley, Jr., both of whom pass
for. intellectuals in conservative circles. But
once they get out of their own fields, they,
too, like Ford and Einstein, are mere babes
in the wood.
I have been to the races with both of
them and am prepared to testify, under oath,
that their tips are worthless. I'm not cer-
tain that either knows just mow many legs
a horse has, and they have absolutely no
notion of how many furlongs there are in a
mile.
And, if this is anti-intellectualism, let
Reston make the most of it.
Prospective Revolt in Red China
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM PROXMIRE
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, Col-
umnist Joseph Alsop is raising a lot of
eyebrows by persisting in arguing that
Red China may revolt. He is not con-
tending that it will. He argues that it
may. The Alsop point is that the kind
of oppression the Chinese people are suf-
fering under Dictator Mao is far cruel-
er and more terrible than has been gen-
erally recognized. The task of com-
munizing China is infinitely more trou-
blesome than the Lenin-Stalin task in
Russia.
Alsop shows that evidence has been
mounting that there must be millions of
Chinese who would just as soon die-end
a miserable existence-as subsist in the
starvation and torment that is their pres-
ent lot. Of course, this could result in
simply a passive sitdown strike. Or
it could provide the spark for revolution.
In any event, it underlines the wisdom
of our continuing our frequently de-
rided and denounced policy of providing
aid and assistance to the Nationalist
Chinese Government on Formosa.
There freedom enjoys an exceedingly
tough and well trained armed force of
Chinese with excellent morale and a
burning desire to free their homeland.
Here, too, is the source of leadership that
could give a Chinese revolt shape, direc-
tion, and reality.
A successful Chinese revolution
against communism could gloriously
turn the tide for freedom and against
communism. Regardless of the remote-
ness of its achievement or the obvious
difficulties that stand in its way, Amer-
ican policy should do everything possible
to keep this hope alive.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the article by Joseph Alsop,
entitled "Can China Explode?" be
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CAN CHINA EXPLODE?
(By Joseph Alsop)
HONG KoNG.-Among all the experiments
made by governments of men, the experi-
ment now being conducted by the Chinese
Communist government is certainly the
most ruthless and perhaps also the most
interesting that has been attempted in
modern times.
To be sure, it is not a novel experiment.
As already pointed out in this series of re-
ports, Mao Tse-tung is clearly following
Josef Stalin's book in the most literal
fashion. Beginning with the first 5-year
plan, Stalin made the Russian peasantry pay
for the forced industrialization of Russia.
Mao is now trying to do precisely the same
thing in China.
For this purpose, however, Stalin had to
organize the countryside in a quasi-military
manner. In order to free resources for his
investment program, he also had to force
down the standard of life of the Russian
masses, by one half. And in the end, he had
to condemn no less than 18 million of his
people to death. Five million died in a
single year in the fearful Ukraine famine,
and 13 million more succumbed to hunger,
or expired under the lash of the police, or
were quite simply shot before the second
Soviet 5-year-plan ended in 1939.
In these respects, too, Mao is imitating
Stalin. The Chinese communes, like the
Soviet agricultural collectives, were started
in order to take the countryside in an iron
grip. The drop in the standard of life of
the Chinese masses after the communes
were started was at least as grave as the
drop of the Russian masses' living standard
after the collectives were set up.
But right here we encounter the factor
which makes it necessary to ask whether
China may not explode as a result of this
ruthless experiment. For the Russian
masses were living not too badly when Stalin
launched his program of forced industriali-
zation; whereas the Chinese masses were
only eking out the barest subsistence when
their government decided to double its ex-
actions. Cold calculation suggests, there-
fore, that Mao's forced industrialization
may quite possibly reduce the population of
his much poorer, farmore crowded country
by as much as 150 million.
This need to be so much more ruthless
than Stalin, and more ruthless, too, over
a longer period of time, clearly makes Mao's
experiment more risky than Stalin's experi-
ment. When any Government has embarked
upon a course that appears to require tens
of millions of human sacrifices per annum,
one must surely consider the possibility of
failure. And in this reporter's opinion,
which is still admittedly a minority opinion,
the creeping famine in China is already be-
ginning to cause very massive annual popu-
lation losses.
A government edict has been published
threatening punishment of any party cadre
in which commune the death rate rises much
above normal. A leading Peking planner
has also promised recently that in 10 years
the individual ration will be raised to no
less than 1,500 calories per day-or less than
Western nutritionists regard as absolutely
needful for any working man or woman.
This, after a full decade of further toil and
hunger. After two bad crop years, grain
is being imported to maintain the rations
of the army and the showcase cities. But
there is no discernible sign that the Gov-
ernment intends to mitigate its harsh policy.
Here in Hong Kong, there are those who
say that the agony of the Chinese masses
will come to an end if there is a good crop
May 18
this year. But in the first place, it is very
doubtful whether a :really good crop is pos-
sible, even if nature is kind, when more than
20 percent of the farmers in the fields are
showing the first symptoms of beriberi. And
11l the second place, unless the policy is
changed, the Government's exactions to pay
for forced industrialization will continue as
before.
To this blood-chilling resume one must
also add the point made in the last article
in this series. A mass of recent eyewitness
testimony from the Chinese mainland points
to a serious breakdown of discipline, both a
breakdown of the strict discipline of the
party cadres, and a breakdown of the public
discipline of the drilled, intimidated people.
The breakdown of discipline must mean
that the conditions are beginning to exist
in which a small spark can light a gigantic
fire, a= has happened before in China in com-
parable circumstances. Thus the question
wi:sether China can explode boils down to the
questiDn whether China's army will always
be ready to put out the fires that chance
sparks may light. It is an interesting
question.
On the other hand, this is a peasant army
drawn from the very class that is suffering
most sorely. And the wives and families of
the olcers and noncommissioned officers
were sent back to live in the peasant villages
at almost the very moment when the worst
ordeal of the villagers began. On the other
hand, political control and police surveil-
lance of the army are both intensely strong.
Arid the army is recruited, not from con-
sc, ipts, but from young men specially selec-
ted for military duty by the party cadres in
the communes. The duty is a privilege be-
cause of the soldiers' higher rations.
Thus one can only say that even if the
agony of the masses is prolonged and the
breakdown of discipline is progressive, the
army may well remain dependable. But the
other result is far from unimaginable.
one can also say that the chance for an
explosi on in China will be immeasurably in-
creased if the Government attempts a foreign
military operation in the present state of
the countryside. And this is an immediately
significant point, in view of the present
situation in southeast Asia.
Proposal for Congressional Action
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF -
HON. THOMAS J. LANE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to' extend my remarks in the RECORD, I
include the following statements of the
Si call Business Association of New Eng-
land, at a meeting today with the Mem-
bers of Congress from New England on
their .7roposal for congressional action:
SMALLER BUSINESS ASSOCIATION OF NEW
ENGLAND PROPOSALS FOR CONGRESSIONAL
ACTION, 1961
Gentlemen, we speak for small business, a
segment of the economy which produces ap-
prOxirnately one-third of the gross national
product. Since the economic well-being of
small business is essential to the welfare of
our Nation and its citizens, we have an obli-
ga4ion to provide recommendations for con-
gressional action.
,As we see it, solutions to the major prob-
lerts which we face today are dependent on
these three interrelated needs:
1. We must expand employment oppor-
tunities.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 18
Mr. President, I have urged the ad- the race deeper and deeper into the outer The producer of the propulsion system
ministration to approve plans for devel- regions of the universe. and the space vehicle would have to work
opment of this superrocket proposed by Dr. Ritchey says the big U.S. effort must together closely.
the Thiokol Chemical Corp. This con- be made in the first, or booster, stage if we The United States is currently pinning its
are to catch the Soviets. hopes for space travel on three. programs:
cept apparently offers our best chance The first, or booster, stage along with two The first American is expected to go into
to overtake the Russians in the field of or three additional stages would put a vehicle space sometime this year powered by a Red-
manned space flights, and can be ac- into orbit or into escape velocity. In the stone rocket. This plan calls for sending an
complished at far less cost than several manned space vehicle, the stages above the and back-not some 100 mil is or ntosorbito the air
alternative plans. I sincerely hope that booster would be used to maneuver the ve-
the administration will not delay in mak- hide in space and return it to earth. LIQUID FUEL
ing a decision on this important matter In previous space shots, all stages have The Saturn, a cluster of eight liquid fuel
because the United States has the know- been used to put a payload into orbit, pri- rockets, is expected to be ready in about 3
warily because of the lack of a booster that ,years. In power and objective this booster Rus- how and capability to surpass the of can develop sufficient thrust to lift the neces- compares to the rocket Thiokol says it can
sians in the development and use e of sary loads. develop in 9 months.,
outer space if we do not let this oppor- Most space authorities agree the United The F-i rocket, a single engine that would
tunity slip from our grasp. States is ahead of Russia in most space fields develop 11/2 million pounds of thrust, ex-
Mr. Cliff Thompson, reporter on de- except the large boosters necessary to lift pected to take 6 years to develop and test.
fense matters, had an excellent story large boosters necessary to lift large payloads The F-1 timetable has been delayed, how-
in the April 16, 1961, issue of the Ogden into orbit or escape velocity. "Possibly we ever, because of severe technological prob-
Standard Examiner, which presents a also lag in our knowledge of how to keep men lems.
concise review of the Thiokol proposal alive for extended periods in space," Dr. The Nova project in which Dr. Werner Von
Ritchey said. Braun proposes to cluster four F-1 rockets
space p an analysis of r projects LARGE BOOSTERS to produce 6 million pounds of thrust. This
prre esently under d deveeloplopmeent nt by NASA. . The Russian superiority in large boosters project has not been funded and is con-
b 1 until after
n
t
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent
to have printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD, the article by Mr. Thompson.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
DRASTIC OVERHAUL NEEDED-EXPERT OFFERS,
MOON IN 21/2 YEARS
(By Cliff Thompson)
There is a serious doubt in the mind of at
least one of the Nation's rocket experts that
the United States can overtake the Russians
in space with its present program.
He Is Dr. Harold W. Ritchey, Thiokol
Chemical Corp. vice president, who has pro-
posed a development program he says will
give the United States rocket power to dupli-
cate the Russian man-in-orbit feat within
9 months and put an American on the moon
in 21/2 years.
His program calls for a drastic overhaul
and redirection of the present U.S. program
for space travel and exploration. And it,
naturally, is based on the use of solid fuel
Thiokol used so successfully in the Minute-
man program.
The spectacular success of the Minute-
man missile earlier this year gives added
weight to the Thiokol proposals. Thiokol
engineering and production staffs produced
the large first stage of the Minuteman, the
largest solid propellant booster flight tested
to date.
CHALKED UP "FIRST"
It was the first missile to perform perfectly
on its maiden flight and also marked the first
time all stages of a multistage rocket were
used in an initial flight test.
Dr. Ritchey outlined details of his pro-
posals to this reporter during an interview
in the Thiokol Rocket Operations Center
here from which he directs the firm's vast
research program.
He began with a briefing on the current
U.S. space program which he said "is not
designed to do what we have to do to catch
o eg
can be traced to the different approach the sidered too expensive
two nations took in overcoming the first big 1965.
problem encountered in their initial space National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
programs. tration officials are basing, their hopes for
When the United States and Russia began space travel primarily on the Saturn pro-
space-missile programs at the end of the gram.
World War II. the payloads developed were ASSEMBLY IN SPACE
too large for the rockets they were then Dr. Von Braun proposes using six Saturn
capable of producing. launchings to send equipment and fuel into
The United States refined its payloads to orbit from which a space vehicle would be
a size compatable with its rocket power. The assembled for further travel.
Russians concentrated on building rockets Rocket authorities say this plan has two
powerful enough for the big payloads. significant drawbacks-time and cost.
To offset the Russian lead in rocket power, It would cost about $120 million just to
the United States needs a dramatic break- build the six first stage booster rockets nec-
through in its big booster program-both in essary to send an unassembled spaceship
size of the booster and the time it takes into orbit with the Saturn. Cost of the
to get it ready for use. Thiokol proposal to develop one super rocket
Thiokol has four proposals to provide these capable of sending a vehicle into escape ve-
big boosters. locity from earth is estimated at $12 million.
The first and simplest is the one Dr. And rocket experts say the problems of
Ritchey says would give the United States assembling a ship while its pieces are float-
the rocket power to surpass last week's Rus- ing around in space would be tremendous.
Sian space flight.
CLUSTER OF SEVEN
By clustering seven slightly modified ver-
sions of the Minuteman, Dr. Ritchey says,
the United States would have a booster
capable of putting 25,000 pounds into orbit.
This is about twice the size of the Russian
payload.
Dr. Richey said Thiokol can develop this
propulsion system in 9 months. He estimates
its cost at about $11/2 million per copy in pro-
duction quantities.
Thiokol also proposes using the Minute-
man principle to produce larger rockets that
could be clustered in sevens to develop 21
million pounds of thrust. This system could
put 300,000 pounds into orbit or 120,000
pounds into the velocity needed to send a
man to the Moon.
Dr. Ritchey reports this booster can be
ready for test firing in 18 months and for
actual manned space flight within 30
months. The intervening 12 months, he
said. would be used in working on the
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I
have had printed in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD for today three articles of a
series of five relative to the John Birch
Society which have appeared in the
Daily News, a widely circulated news-
paper in the area of Whittier, Calif. My
district includes this area. The articles
are commendable for their objectivity.
Under unanimous consent I include the
remaining articles of the series in the
Appendix of the RECORD:
[From the Whittier (Calif.) 6jDaily News,
May 2,
SOME RELUCTANT To BE ANTI-COMMUNIST
(This is the fourth article of a five-part
series on the John Birch Society written by
Joseph Sullivan, V. C. Ramler, and Rave
King, Whittier chapter leaders; Joseph Coff-
man and Augustine Cervantes, La Habra and
South Whittier chapter leaders respective-
ly.-EDITOR.)
Some democratic Americans have been
trying to convince themselves "that there is
something reprehensible in being a sys-
W G 11Qi V0 4c vcavl+~u ~+?~ v~..??--.~--ou
frog the Russians in space but we are not the vehicle. It is possible the 12-month pe-
using it," Dr. Ritchey said, "If we started riod could be reduced.
right now using all our scientific potential, PROPULSION PROBLEMS
the United States-Russian race to the moon The other Thiokol proposals are for dif-
would be extremely close." If the United ferent sized rocket boosters using the Min-
States continues its present program, he ex- uteman principle.
pects the Russians to beat us to the moon "Of course I am talking only about the
by 4 or 5 years. propulsion problems." Dr. Ritchey said.
The U.S. space timetable has an American "There are others."
scheduled to arrive on the moon in 1970. Dr. Primarily these involve the development
Ritchey expects the Russians to have a man of the vehicle and guidance controls that
there before 1965. would take a man into space and back in-
FIRST TO MOON eluding the protection needed to keep a
And he believes the first nation to the man alive in space for extended periods of
moon probably never would be overtaken in time.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX: A3511
"I ACCUSE OTHERS Fortunately the United States still has re-
he apparatus of Moscow said that Leon spected economists who can recognize eco-
Blum was a police auxiliary and purveyor of nomic hashish when they smell it. One
convicts, charges De Gaulle with having such is Columbia Prof. Arthur Burns, him-
worked for German Intelligence, and Sous- self a former chairman of the Council of
telle with being a Nazi spy; Syngman Rhee Economic Advisers. Mildly but nonetheless
with having sold his country to Japan devastatingly Dr. Burns has taken apart the
(charges to be f
ound in the Soviet Encyclo-
pedia or signed by leaders like Maurize
Thorez.) -
"One of the worst infamies has just been
flung at Guy Mollet: he has been accused of
nothing less than having denounced people
interned. with him to the Gestapo. Essen-
tially, these and similar attacks are fabrica-
tions from beginning to end; devoid of any
foundation and made in the full knowledge
that they constitute unmitigated lies.
"In the easygoing atmosphere of the de-
mocracies, the endless repetition of abu-
sive attacks has a devastating effect. Indeed,
it is not too much to say that there are few
people who, having become the target for
Communist attacks, did not eventually
either lose heart or become suspect them-
selves to world public opinion," the Senate
Judiciary Committee report says.
structed out of thin air.
Among other things, Dr. Burns shows that
the Council is not relying on sound, far-
reaching historical evidence in projecting its
output gap. It rests its case importantly on
the fact that unemployment at the business
cycle peak in 1960 was slightly higher than
at the business cycle peak in 1957. The Co-
lumbia economist suggests that this "gives
fragile support" to the theory that "the gap
between actual and potential output has a
distressing upward trend."
Moreover, Professor Burns quietly notes
that it matters a good deal at what period
you start drawing a curve of potential out-
put. The Council chose mid-1955, for no
more valid reason than it could have chosen
the second quarter of 1957 or the second
quarter of 1947--all periods of high employ-
ment. If the Council economists had
chosen 1957, their own reckonings would
show a gap of only $20 billion instead of
$40 billion.
And, Dr. Burns goes on, "if the curve had
been started in the second quarter of 1947
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WALLACE F. BENNETT
OF UTAH
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I ask
nanimo-us consent to have printed in
he Appendix of the RECORD an editorial
entitled "Economic Hashish, ' publish
d
,
when we likewise had a full-employment
output, the gap would have vanished, In
fact, we would then have to say that actual
output in 1960 exceeded potential output by
more than $2 billion."
We hope the Council has the grace to say
"touche" to that.
But perhaps the most significant part of
the Burns analysis is not in exposing the
Council's statistical juggling to prove the
point it wanted to prove. There is also the
attitude behind such "output gap" theoriz-
ing. It is reminiscent of the dominant eco-
e
nomic thinking of the thirties, which was
the Wall Street Journal
Of May 15, that the U.S. economy had become stagnant
961, or mature and therefore required increas-
There being no objection, the editorial ingly heavy Federal spending to keep it
Was ordered to be printed in the REC- going.
ORD, as follows: That theory was proved resoundingly false
ECONOMIC HASHISH by events, but here it is again in different
Sornei;imea the statistical theorizin of form, once again an alibi for massive Fed-
economists get so involved they're funn private reronom yThe urge to control the
But when the economic policies of the U.S. Not many never dies.
Government come to be based on woozy cles ?t of many of is are rrained in the intony
to se to theory, but it Cos c is
theories, the thing ceases to be a joke. commonsense economic
see through the Coupon's
We have in mind the President's Council unamusing fun and games. We hope the
of Economic Advisers, which has pro- President and Congress are not bemused by
pounded an elaborate theory of an "output the latter-day stagnation theorists. Other-
gap" between the economy potential and its wise some of these people may at last suc-
actual performance. The theory, described ceed in bringing about Government-man-
On this page recently by Mr. Otten, is a mas- aged economic s gnation.
terpiece of algebraic triple talk. It is de-
signed to prove a gap, reckoned at $40 billion
at the end
f l
. o
ast year, and so it does-as-
suming all its assumptions and mathematics.
Having "demonstrated" the gap, the
Cou
il
nc
logically concludes that the country
faces not Only temporary economic prob-
lems like the recession now evaporating, but
a' persistent slack in production and em-
ployment, a slowdown in our rate of growth.
e have, it seems, a problem of chronic
EXTENSION
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
,ten yr n~rtc~~r;NTATIVES
d produce.. Especially since 1955, we learn,
the gap has shown a distressing upward Thursday, May 18, 1961
trend. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, our
If this were all just idle chatter, no one attention has been naturally concen-
would particularly mind. But this great trated on the reoccurring problems with
and growing output gap naturally becomes the Soviet stooge, Castro, in Cuba. On
prt Of the jus ification for the Feder W many occasions I have directed the at-
domestic spending the administration has ts tof the Members to the grass-
already embarked on and with the even roo roots thinking of the American public
more massive public-works spending it has as expressed in our local newspapers
in' mind. And since the slack is persistent throughout the country. One of the out-
and chronic:, the Government has an excuse standing weekly newspapers in my dis-
fot trying to take it up indefinitely. trict, the Park Forest Reporter, on
Wednesday, May 3, presented an edi-
torialentitled, "Castro Shows True Col-
or." It is truly "Main Street, America"
thinking and worthy of our serious
study.
CA.STRO SHOWS TRUE COLOR
Our hemisphere neighbor, Cuba, officially
turned Rec, this week. Fidel Castro took
advantage of the May Day celebration to
announce that his nation has gone Socialist.
Whatever the name, it's merely a syn-
onym for communism. Cuba is now another
link in the orbit of Soviet satellites. Some
of the weak and misinformed still say, "so
what"?'
The announced status of this Nation only
90 miles from our shores can have tre-
mendous repercussions in this Western
Hemisphere
Other; Latin American countries are vul-
nerable to the same type of revolutions
which brought Castro to power. In the eyes
of their poor and ignorant, which comprise
themasses of these backward nations, Fidel
has become a Spanish speaking hero. His
denunciations of the United States are not
beamed for our ears, mainly for theirs.
His boasts give this uneasy populace cour-
age. The taints that he has held the mighty
Yanquis at bay, are echoed through the hills
of the Andes and across the broad expanse
of Central and South American lands.
Beyond any doubt, his presence is a serious
handicap to the future peace of our hemi-
sphere. By outlawing elections, which al-
though meaningless are even held in Russia,
he is carving an ignoble niche for himself
among the political tyrants of all time.
Fidel's act:'.ons bear even greater scrutiny
now. Our administration's attention to this
problem and its aftereffects is certainly war-
ranted at #hi 3 time.
Expert Offers Moon in 2V2 Years-The
Development of a Superrocket
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HONE WALLACE F. BENNETT -
OF UTAH
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Phursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. BIENNETT. Mr. President, the
U.S. defense program received a big shot
in the aria early this year when the first
Minuteman missile achieved complete
operational success on its first firing at
Cape Canaveral. This marked the first
time in history that a missile had per-
formed perfectly on its maiden flight.
Another historical first might be
achieved for the United States if the ad-
ministrati.on takes action on the recom-
mendations of Dr. Harold Ritchey, vice
president of '.he Thiokol Chemical Corp.
which produces the first stage of the
Minutemtm. Dr. Ritchey recently ap-
peared before the House Science and As-
tronautics Committee and testified that
if Congress would provide the necessary
funds, the United States could have a
man on the moon within 21,2 years. This
feat would be accomplished by cluster-
ing a nuiilber of solid-fuel rockets -pro-
duced by the 'Thiokol Co., and which, ac-
cording t D::?. Ritchey, are capable of
developing up to 21 million pounds of
thrust sufficie:at to power manned flights
to the moon, or to other planets and re-
turn.
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A3562 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX ay 1 8
. Speaker, I highly commend Mr. during his tour; not once, at any meal that director of the Foreign Policy Research In-
MrWelch's essay to the Congress and to the he attended, was the food blessed. We were stitute, University of Pennsylvania, with
ashamed to be seen giving thanks. other associates in their book, "The Pro-
entire country: At one time Khrushchev said that our tracted Conflict."
AMERICA'S INFERIOR= CO-- grandchildren would be under Communist, Yours truly, EDWARD FREEMAN.
(By Thomas C. Welch III) rule. Now he says it will be our great-
The United States has progressed a long grandchildren. Progress is being made-one
way in many ways since we gained our inde- generation has been saved. What is going
pendence from England. We have become to be done to save the next generation?
This is a question I cannot begin to an- Castro's Justifications
of - the symboWe ve, and l a wealth, lid being, and good swer. I doubt that anyone else can either,
timesmany . f hs, such sti ll do, lead the hfor in the end the answer will not come from
in d such medicine and high ig a politician, a statesman, or a citizen; it EXTENSION OF REMARKS
living g stn standaard rds. True, , we have e lagged be-
hind in other areas-for instance, rocket must come from beyond. of
production. HON. ALFRED E. SANTANGELO
However, in my opinion, our most tragic OF NEW YORK
shortcoming may be classified as our failur
to nurture and develop the spirit of self HOW About Cuba? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
self-confidence, and fundamental be- Thursday, May 18, 1961
respect
,
lief in God that really made the United EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. SANTANGELO. Mr. Speaker,
States what it is. OF
This country has developed an inferiority several constituents have communicated
complex of alarming proportions. We have HON. CARLETON J. KING with me urging that the United States
become obsessed with the fear that other not intervene in the internal affairs of
nations around us will be able to find fault of NEW YORK Cuba. From the tenor of their notes,
with the conditions that exist here. We let IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES one would infer that the United States
the Thursday, May 18, 1961 has instigated action against Castro and
Russia in into other a corner nations, every ry time e the e question of back us
Negroes' rights is raised, even though the Mr. KING of New York. Mr. Speaker, that Castro is blameless. Many of these
sia I thought my colleagues would be inter- notes have been inspired by an adver-
whole world knows that the atrocities Rus-
any injustices in Negroes Hungary have b be e vasen s subjubjedow ected ested in the following letter which I re- tisement carried in the New York Times
an
to in the United States. We quake at crib- ceived from one of my constituents, Mr. of May 10 and signed by a number of
cisms that our grandfathers would have re- Edward Freeman, Porter Corners, Sara- American Kroze well-informed writer of
fused to consider. toga County, N.Y.: Arthur
The visit of MAY 16, 1961. the New York Times, analyzes the pro-
country some 2 years ago o expany pits- Hon. CARLETON J. KING, Castro advertisement and demolishes the
country ago exposed many to this
ful conditions. Our people and our beliefs House Office Building, arguments of those who claim that the
were insulted time and again by the so- Washington, D.C. United States has been aggressive
caled statesman from the Kremlin, yet DEAR REPRESENTATIVE KING: Daily reports Unite t Cuba. I believe eent the factual
State Henry Cabot Department Lodge was when he attempted bypted the give the impression Laos is more deserving
to of solution than Cuba, 90 miles away. As report and analysis by Arthur Krock
speak out in his country's behalf. It was a recent Member of Congress I trust you clarifies some of the confusion in the
too risky to offend the honored Mr. Khru- will be more susceptable to a reexamination minds of some of my constituents and
shchev-he might revert to his small-boy of some puzzling aspects of a neglected pol- others who have been misled by adver-
tactics and threaten to go home if the game icy toward communism. tisements which do not set forth events
didn't go like he wanted it to. Eventually Doesn't it occur to anyone in Washington in their chronological order and conse-
Khrushchev did just this; in threatening to that our policy and leadership toward the greatly distort the meaning of historical
end his "good will" tour he affected his audi- Communist Internal anarchy around the
ence so badly that reporters have described globe is, either by intent or weakness, a events.
Krock's article follows:
the fear that existed in the hall as a tangible failure? That the recent failure of the Mr. and present thing. And even more pathetic Cuban patriots follows a chain of events [From the New York Times, May 18, 19611
was the relief evident in the audience when indicated in the enclosed article, and is a THE LIVELY ISSUE OF CASTRO'S JUSTIFICATIONS
Khrushchev relaxed his belligerent attitude. second Hungary? (By Arthur Krock)
The fawning behavior that characterized our How can anyone justify sending our sol- WASHINGTON, May 17.-Two conclusions
leaders when they were confronted with this diers to Laos, and not Cuba? The encour- reached by department .-after conclusions
situation is a vivid example of our loss of agement given the return of the Cuban b this currently an hostile
relations, a cart curand pnb-
United the States-Castro origins
self-respect. patriots, and then deliberately letting them ination
Another prime example of our loss of self- down, is the same consistent lack of in- Un Un ito here under date M1d b-
respect is the foreign aid program we oper- tegrity that has characterized our policy lished unusual number May remarkable
con-
ate. Each year fantastic amounts are given since 1933. evoked er uniform dissents from mber o remar ably
to countries in an attempt to create a buffer Dean Rusk, Chester Bowles, and Adlai were:
zone between the United States and Russia. Stevenson are cited by a writer in the May clusions
1. The factual weakness of an advertise-
m1. The factual ual eakn signed by a vumbe-
available the majority of these countries are 1 New York Herald-Tribune as having ar- 1
available to the highest bidder-we are buy- gued the President out of adequate military ment Harvard newspaper, among other disbar
ing their friendship. It is very hard to air support of the Cuban patriots. This is niched citizens, wjustified strn-
imagine our forefathers, who issued such the same advice that defeated Chiang Kai- ished anti-Americanism which the ground that for
statements as "millions for defense but not shek, and prevented our success in North t year .B. policy has been "We h for
1 cent for tribute," subscribing to such Korea. And the only way to rectify such a crush least asa year that it began the a mus
action. misguidance is to fire these men who should r Unitas Sates-Castro egan the h the
Taken as a whole, the United States is in not have been selected in the first place. mof in
iddle.
the best military condition in its history; it One conclusion is obvious-we just haven't 2 Castro's unfriendly and illegal acts, and
should be, in view of the billions of dollars got the men in office with sufficient integ- his anal-American incitements of the Cuban
spent annually for defense purposes. And rity and policy to measure up to the Com- population, long preceded the date chosen
yet we live in fear that the Russians may be munist international subversion. Add up advertisement to demonstrate that
developing weapons more powerful than our the inhuman practices, deceit, civilized de- in the this his on adverr semen is on his Government. burden
blame own. We cannot be content to do our best moralization practiced by the Communists In rebuttal of these conclusions the lent
and leave the rest to Providence. We believe since the Soviets seized power-only a
every rumor that comes along concerning morally deficient and patriotically negligent writers rgenera la request contended that the Castro United
Russia's potency and our impotency. Self- man can support collaboration with them. Stae m
confidence is a thing of the past. The continued diplomatic relations with this winvited for hen he etrls; here rebuffed fi February, snubbed 9hi to
America is supposedly a God-fearing na- organized debauchery, and their degenerate h the American Society a Newspaper
tion; we have churches of all denominations leaders, Is beyond normal comprehension. speak to t f Ne that time
negotiate offer the a that ime
where our citizens may worship as they Our continued relations is a first principle Ediars; t ahe and refused eric his
please. But just how deeply do we believe? indictment, and one might say is designed abetween his regime and the Government of
How often do we admit that it is "God that to support Quislings. the United States. But the open record is
has made us and not we ourselves"? A complete assessment of the Cuban sit- the following:
The religious fervor of a nation, as well as uation, and failure to deal with the facts
its other qualities, should be reflected by its is made in a recent book by Nathaniel 1. Castro never requested an official in-
unofficially to Washingt on, lain April
leaders. We y gave Khrushchev a. Weyl,
insight Into the shallowness of our faith icy failure istanal zed b bDr. Str usz-Huge, came vitation.
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- APPENDI
X A3561
Germany Teaches the United States economists: big spending and even budget- Women's Division, and its acquired arm, the
busting tax cuts, which breed Inflation; arti- Mary Zimmerman Scholarship Club, though
EXTENSION OF REMARKS ficial restraints on interest rates, which dis- young in years, is fast emerging as a vital
courage saving and encourage Americans to force irc a community replete with many
or export jobs by investing abroad; gimmicks areas of endeavor. It is very stirring to be
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE in the form of tax "incentives," instead of part of so vital a group, that is dedicated
adequate depreciation allowances to the tuilding of a great house of learning
OF MASSACHUSETTS Somewhere in all this may be found a on the sacred soil of Israel-a bridge that
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clue to our "creeping rate of growth," so knows no barriers-that can surmount the
Wednesda May 10, 1961 roundly deplored in the campaign. Now greatest obstacles, for individuals who are
y, Professor Heller wants us to follow some trained -;o think-act independently and un-
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, the Wash- more of our own bad advice. derstam. the words of. Torah can only con-
ington Daily News recently carried an ex- tribute the achievements of the good life and
cellent editorial, which I think worthy serve. on the highest level. Education knows
of the attention of my colleagues in the no )`cast-no present-no future-it bridges
Congress. Under leave to extend my re- Address by Mrs. Wallace I. Kargman all times and forever. What greater joy can
marks, it follows: one hays than to advance human dignity
EXTENSION OF REMARKS and learning. The Women's Division recog-
[Pram the Washington Daily News, nizibg that the nerve center of a university
May 17, 19611 or is its library, has undertaken to build the
GERMANY TEACHES THE UNITED STATES central Lbrary of the Hebrew University. We
GE economic advisers iNcEDsingly are HON. EDWARD R. FINNEGAN know that the library will play a vital and
embarrassed by contrasts between America OF ILLINOIS unique role in the university's continuing
and West Germany-persistent unemploy- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES educational program. It serves as the cen-
ment here as against a labor shortage there. tray library of the university, the library
Scripps-Howard writer Roger Stuart has Wednesday, May 17, 1961 of the Jewish people all. over the world, and
dug 'up a long-secret report which helps Mr. FINNEGAN. Mr. Speaker, under the National Library t rho State n Israel
an explain the embarrassment. leave to extend my remarks, I commend It his l ecome a center for students and
The report was made by a team of U.S. to my colleagues a speech in honor of the faculty unparallelles in the Middle East. As
economists and submitted to the West Ger- Marian Anderson, recent) {ut role y takes dog the tecex-
man Government September 24, 1951. On Wallace I. given by Mrs. pert role t ctors needed the technical
the U.S. team was Prof. Walter Heller, now . Kargman, one of my con.- pests and instructors needed by the newly
ly
Chairman of President Kennedy's Council of stituents, and a Close personal friend. emerging states in Africa and Asia, the
Economic Advisers. This address by Mrs. Kargman was a library must assume new responsibilities.
Some of the recommendations: Chicago tribute to Marian Anderson Students from many lands receive training
West Germany was told It couldn't achieve sponsored by the Chicago Women's Divi.. at the university.
the necessary rate of industrial expansion if Sion, American Friends of the Hebrew In a message addressed to Senator Her-
b kept on worrying about inflation. The University. Coat H.
l of the Lehman, American chairman Frie the National
Government was chided for an "excessive Miss Anderson Kennedy n President
for price stability." was selected as Woman. enxE;dy praised the American Friends of the
he
However, Dr. Ludwig Erhard, West German of the Year by the National Women's Hebrew University-and I quote: "All mem-
Finance Minister, knew something about in- Division of the American Friends of the bers of American Friends of the Hebrew
flation. He had seen his parents' life sav- Hebrew University in recognition of her University have cause for satisfaction, for
inns lost when the mark went to pot. He cultural and humanistic achievements: these are true monuments toward peace and
rejected this advice. ADDRESS GIVEN BY MRS. WALLACE I. KARGMAN understanding of the commend your efforts in
Dr. :Erhard also was told by the U.S. ad- AT CHICAGO TRISUTE TO MARIAN ANDERSON a Oths educational constr--tce he growth in the of this M idleitution and
visors that "a rate of interest high enough SPONSORED BY THE CHICAGO WOMEN'S Dlvi- for tnforce assistance to thEast e and
to stimulate any large volume of personal sloN, AMERICAN FRIENDS OF THE HEBREW Africa to the new
savings would seriously curtail investment." nations s of he ne and Asia."
But German interest rates were left to find UNIVERSITY-FEBRUARY FEBRUARY 20, 1961, SHERATON One of the new study halls now in process
their own high level and so were savings BLACKSTONE HOTEL of coknglc~tion will be the United Nations
and investment. Today West Germany is Miss Anderson, reverend clergy, Mayor docuxlaents reading room-an undertaking
investing up to a quarter of its national Daley, Madazn President, distinguished dais which we take particular pride in providing.
output annually in the most modern national guests, friends of Marian Anderson, and the It is most appropriate that the Women's
Out plant u the world. Hebrew University, I am very happy to wel- Division has elected to honor Miss Ander-
trial pErhard ant In was cautioned against liberal Come you here this morning. We are as- son-glow -and for future generations by
d Dr. apolicies and advised instead sembled here to pay tribute to a great and dedicating, the United Nations reading room
d adopt a "compulsory investment I pro- gracious lady, whose life has been dedicated in her name.
gram." But liberal depreciation to the highest principles of mankind. Miss I know that Miss Anderson will take away
gain. the ut lieconomy grow last policies c at Anderson was selected by the National Wom- with her today a deeper awareness of what
the
helped the German percent. economy The l rate was en's Division of the American Friends of the she has given to us, and that she shares with
less r rate 3 percent 10.8 e. Hebrew University as Woman of the Year us the ploasure in seeing so many people
Just 15 years ago West Germany was a because her deeds are symbolic of the cul- who have joined together to express their
defeated aye demoralized nation, its re a tural ideals espoused by the Hebrew Univer- regard ant. affection for her and in the name
sources squandered by Hitler, its factories sity Our of Jerusrlemg is no
of a great enter of learning.
and homes flattened by bombs. Since then Chicago. For honored many s she he stranger to
it has taken in more than 12 million refugees. any years has enriched
It has Imported nearly half a million more our cultural life. We honor her today for
and. still has a labor shortage. the great beauty of soul and spirit which has,
ly are in true values because ofy effective friendship and understanding for our EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
measures against inflation. country among the peoples and rulers of the
West Germany last year lost fewer world. She is a woman whose extraordinary
40,000 man-days through strikes. We lost accomplishments, nobility of spirit and dig-
nity HON. of person, symbolize the rising attain-
German wage raises have come out of in ment of human aspirations in a fast of SOUTH CAROLINA
German. prices have been kept competitive in is a great American, a citizen of the world,
for- whose magnificent voice has become a medi- Ti22GYSday, May 18, 1961
world markets, thus rapidly expandin
g
sign commerce. urn of communication, her achievements a Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, in a
The Germans, in short, have followed the symbol of peaceful progress among all the "Greater interest in Government" es-
historic principles of free enterprise-despite people of the world. We meet also in the say contest for initiates of 'e'au Beta Pi
the .adcir the presence of the distinguished representatives Association, national engineering honor from Even the West goterman Sole i t tedrStahtes. as of other nations which have honored Miss
repudiated socialism. Party Anderson. society, yen paper written by Clemson
The general theories of the 1951 report, Friends We, the Chicago f the Hebrews U iversitty reflect American College member s of A phahChapter atvClemson,
rejected by the Germans, are the O:? Al
general the honors that are yours, Miss Anderson, for was judged the best among entries sub-
theories now being urged on America by It is written in "bringing honor to oneself, mitted from 81 chapters throughout the
Professor Heller and other administration one brings honor to all mankind." We, the United States.
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