CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SOVIET NOW HAS CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000200150013-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2004
• Sequence Number: 13
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2006/09/27: CIA-RDP64B00346R000200150013-3
1fi + QNGRESSIONAL RECORD 7
SENATE
__ r. .?, .. .s?? yruuauiy pose-to serve as a national advisory ,body
"Fields gf ,Glory,: An Illustrated Narra groundless, this fear is nonetheless real and on cultural matters. Like the National Ac'ad-
must be considered in any proposed
tive of American Land Warfare
" 1960
ro
ram
,
p
,
g
emy of Sciences, the Academy of Arts and
1S the,etor Of,,other works. of Federal encouragement. For this reason, Letters should be composed of members from
sT V local responsibility must be
.
- - - -? o ~i,ao "iruugn eacn or the three
Pines .and interviewed EmWo Aguinaldo. pending bills, a question persists as to just
This statexxlent from D
h
V
d
r.
an
iver is w
at the Government can do to help art,
addressed to the junior Senator from music, and letters without frightening their
Rhode Island,. lMr, PELL], chairman of practitioners. Permit me to suggest that the
the .S11bCOIxllnittee on the Arts, of the creation of a U.S. Arts Foundation, or a
Senate Committee on Labor and Public Federal Advisory Council on the Arts, or
Welfare, even donations to States will not answer the
question. The proposed foundation will
At the conclusion of his letter, Dr. have to seek legitimate projects, presumably
Vandiver Stated: i from the Advisory Council, but the Council
without a counterpoise of art and human- might conceivably be composed of biased
ism, science will lapse into barbarous tech- members whose advice ought to be ignored.
nology. For this reason Government sup Many States do not have either the interest
port of arts and letters is not wasteful; it is or the money to participate in any compre-
prudent patriotism. pensive cultural development program.
q, I Lack of public concern is perhaps the basic
This is a viewpoint deserving of the problem. And here the Government can
most serious consideration, I.ask unan- make a vital contribution. In America cul-
imous consent that. Dr. Vandiver's state- ture in general is too often regarded as unim-
mept be printed Iii-the RECORD.. portant, "sissy," or possibly subversive in
There being no objection, the letter some inexplicable way. Artists, poets,
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, writers, musicians, are frequently considered
as follows: by their Calvinist contemporaries as drones,
SEPTEMBER 4, 1962. I sponges on the workers of the country.
Hon. CLnrsoarrE Eis They consume without giving anything in
ConirCLAI oaNE PELL, ee,on the Arts, Senate return. This attitude on the part of many
- Committee 4n Labor and Public Welfare, Americans at home and abroad makes the
gross per-
'U.S. Seliiite Office Building, Washington, barianarest of. the And world this idea us definitely hampers
D.C. Mr DEng SENATOR Z'ELi Mr. McClure has, our attempt to persuade the world that our
I hope, told you of my varied efforts to reach sated ated hano p our artistic is perc erception . ove more Gove n-
Washington in time to appear before your cated S on, the Arts as a witness in ment encouragement of cultural activities
the hearings concerning Federal assistance can help change this attitude. Rewards,
to American cultural activities. I. deeply cianhonors concnwill for artists, writers, coheir
regret my inability to complete the trip, and sand a a and poets o dignity yto give prestige
views. their
avail mysef of the opportunity which you calling their vews. And
graciously offered to submit a statement by and high nd higsomething standards the sort must be done if quality
mail. are to be maintained in
r the face of creeping Madison-Avenueism, or,
Let me say at the outset that I am heartily In modern parlance, in the face of "kitsch."
to favor of Federal assistance to cultural ac- More than any other resource, it seems to
tivities in the United States. Such aid is, me that our culture is an exportable item.
I think, vitalto the continued health of art, Traveling exhibits, showing our modern art,
literature, music' theater, sculpture-indeed models of our current architecture, touring
to all creative and learned areas. Conse- theatrical groups, touring orchestras, itiner-
quently I am in favor of the pending bills, ant lecturers-all of these help to show the
S. 1250, "To establish the U.S. Arts Founda health and strength of the American mind.
tlon," S. 785, "To establish a program of Our greatest boast-and rightly so-is free-
grants to States," and S. 741, "To provide for dom of thought. There is no finer way to
the eetablishme>< t of a Federal Advisory demonstrate this than to let the world see
Council on the Arts." But it seems to me our artists and thinkers in action. The Gov-
that they should ,go further and specifically ernment should certainly undertake to subsi-
include literary art on a
par with th
i
.
e v
sual dize both foreign and domestic appearances
and performing arts. and performances by artists and men of let-
But I would like to do more than voice sup- ters. I want to emphasize that domestic
port for the present bills. The fact of their appearances are vital. Much of American
existence, the fact of a long and continuing culture is missed in the rural and isolated
discussion of ,Government's role in fostering areas of the country. Too many Americans
creative and liberal a.rtc ir,rlioa+oa ~+,.,.,.,.-,., .
e--- ua gruupeu in sections, each of which
would nominate its own members and over-
all membership in the Academy should be
highly restricted. Election to the Academy
would confer high distinction, since it would
represent approval of an artist's or writer's
peers.
The Academy could, it seems to mo, perform
all the functions of a Federal Advisory Coun-
c11 on the Arts; it could also, through the
advice of its various sections, give direction
and advice to State and local cultural pro-
grams. In addition, it could provide ex-
tremely competent judgment on projects,
performers and institutions.
A fund should be provided, possibly
through some organization like the National
Science Foundation, from which the Acad-
emy of Arts and Letters could channel
money to individuals and organizations to
stimulate creative and humane work. This
Is absolutely essential, since it is discour-
agingly difficult for artists, musicians, and
writers to obtain financial help in a scientific
age.
There are objections to this sort of acad-
emy. Some fear that it might degenerate
into a sort of cultural dictatorship, an ag-
gregation of intellectual snobs. The Na-
tional Academy of Sciences has not followed
that pattern, and I see no reason why a sister
academy should depart from precedent. The
key, I think, lies in self-government of the
Academy, in the election of members and
officers and In national representation.
I can think of nothing the Government
could do which would more effectively aid
and support cultural activities the country
over than to create the National Academy of
Arts and Letters and provide funds for proj.
acts it might deem worthy of subsidy.
_ In conclusion, let me emphasize something
which I think is too often forgotten in the
present concern for science. I live in a sec-
tion of the country, Houston, Tex., which is
about to be transformed by the NASA
Manned Space Craft Center. This Center has
attracted to Houston and the Houston area
tremendously able scientists. It is reem-
phasizing the importance of all scientific ac-
tivities and has vitalized scientific research
on local campuses. Unfortunately it is not
attracting to Houston comparable minds in
art, music, or letters. Nor is the emphasis on
science producing a concurrent emphasis on
the humanities. This is not
of course
a
,
,
problem peculiar to Houston-it is a national
problem.
Most of our attention is focused on science
and what science can do for the future,
and very little attention is directed toward
::u.~ weanuess is #argeiy caused, I think, by hear a stimulating talk. If our culture is to And yet a scientist at Rice University,
a warping dominance of one section of the maintain its honesty, is to survive that cur- the eminent Dr. William V. Houston, under-
country ill virtually all artistic and humane rent trend toward easy thinking and shod- stands thoroughly that learning is really
endeavors. Eastern domination is about to dy craftsmanship, it must draw strength indivisible. In a recent article he said, "One
result in American culture becoming stand- from the whole Nation. To do that it must may also observe that although the sphinx
ardized typed along Madison Avenue- reach more people than it presently does. and the pyramids of Egypt survive as his-
Broadway lines into the chrome-plated Let me make a specific proposal, one which the philosophies monuments, the mgrew thought,
Shamism" so widely criticized abroad. will, I hope, offer a means of stimulating all currently the p in s of Palestine lefe that
and at Greece grew ar con-
More than that, this eastern domination is artistic and humanistic work, provide suit- basic our philosophy am now
e
robbing America of an essential element in able national leadership activity o hilosophy and our enre-
tte culture-regionalism. The United Stases iters, afford d ldignnitty ay and for hon o nor to artists, ac- mtheir today sources. rarely pause
Although the to ut
tirntial member embempr r, the pattern thought too large have a standardized national writers, musicians, and preserve the essential meets are impressive, the pof thought
culture; myriad nationalities, sections, gee- regionalism. In brief, I respectfully urge as
and
.--
~erneu on the National Academy of Sciences, ments will be superseded? andtl our multi-
centralized gEegionalism atmwill riot flourish, of course, in a itself a Government-sponsored organization pliclty of gadgets obsolete, but the influen-
osphere, created during the administration of Presi- tial and persisting element of this century
"you have heard, I'm sure, that many dent Lincoln to serve as a scientific advisory of science will be striking new ways of
artists, musicians, and writers fear Govern- body. The National Academy of Arts and thinking about the physical world, in think-
ment assistance lest it grow into Govern- Letters should be created for the same pur- ing about our relationship to it, and, most
Approved For Release 2006/09/27: CIA-R DP64B00346R000200150013-3
presently engaged 1ri paramount in all the performing and visual arts, and vari-
n all efforts, and should do much to encourage ous elements of letters. These memhers
wrltin a bi0 r.. by of General Pershing
g g.. alp __--__
18471
 Approved For Release 2006/09/27: CIA-RDP64B00346R000200150013-3
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE September 17
18472,,
fund; mentally, of thinking about ourselves When the Russians colonize, they colonize lubricants, ammonium nitrate and even con? tainers for an&' of our relationship to the other human for good. Short of ar ned Invasion, unists Czechorlsugar. is sending textile yarns,
beings in it." In this article Dr. Houston seems little hope of prying the recognizes that if we continue . o pursue out of a base 90 miles from US. shores. artificial leather, steel products, chemicals,
an understanding of physical nature, we The Soviet takeover will be complete when glass, foodstuffs, newsprint, buses, tractors,
must pursuealso an underste,ndir.g of man Fidel Castro is shoved aside, along with his trucks, and tow trucks, machinery and tools,
and man's intelligence and character. With- 26th of July Movement revolutionaries. This diesel motors, electronic units. Red China
out a counterpoise of art and bumanism, will be a slow and cautious process, but signs Sends ory Rumnie,canned me&a ddPOlae .
science 'will lapse into barbarous technology. of party conflict are clear. Hungary, Bulgaria,
For this reason Government support of arts Daily, Mr. Castro appears more and more send food. The bloc also sends swarms of
and is not wasteful; it is prudent :loudly demanding everything h sf own way, Cuba sl s gart in the role of a bumbling and patriotism. goes to the bloc in part pay-
back-
bone sugar
Thanindustry k me for the privilege of submitting but bowing to what he now calls the collec-
Cuban economy, is dominat d
this statement. tive leadership. He has lost much popular
Sincerely yours, support. Havana reports suggest only -20 completely by the Soviet bloc. Bloc equip-
FRANIt E. V ANDIVFR. percent of the people back him now. That ment runs the refineries.
is much more than the percentage backing The island, therefore, now is practically
the old guard Communists, but they do not wholly dependent on world communism.
in-
TRADE :E ANSION ACT OF 1962 need popular support. t. They or have their tight, JUCEon the regime's is "coordination body
disciplined, spy-ridden ga modeled board Soviet a Gcentralal plan n body
The Senate resumed the they have Moscow on their side.
of the bill (H.R. 11970) to promote promote the The Communists are patient. They can ing board. AGRICULTCRF
general welfare, foreign policy, and se- wait until popular disillusion and economic
curity of the United States through chaos make Mr. Castro no longer important. In a May 1961 speech to farmers, Prime
international trade agreements and They are letting him shoulder the blame Minister Castro ridiculed the idea that farms
through adjustment assistance to domes- for Cuba's internal woes. They are letting would be collectivized. He said: "The revo-
tic industry, agriculture, and 'abor, and his entourage of "New Communists"-men lution would never do such a foolish thing.
like Ernesto (Che) Guevara, Fidel's brother * * * Although this is a Socialist revolution,
for other purposes. Raul Castro and others of his Sierra Maestro the land will not be socialized. * * * If a
The PRESIDING OFFICER, The bill revolution following-hang themselves with farmer prefers to keep his bit of land, then
is open to further amendment, ropes fashioned of their own confusion. The the revolution will never try to socialize it."
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Mr. time will come when Mr. Castro can safely An agrarian reform law a year before had
President, I suggest the absence of a be removed. broken up big holdings for distribution.
quorum. A close examination of just how tightly Peasants, in order to make any economic
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the Soviet Communist grip has seized the sense of their production, had to form co-
clerk will call the roll. pearl of the Antilles produces a sense of operatives, especially in such fields as sugar,
The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the shock. From documents and official regime coffee, rice, and cattle raising. The number
statements, and from. reports of diplomatic of cooperatives grew to 622.
r011. travelers, this picture emerges of a Cuba as As late as 2 months ago, Mr. Castro re-
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I tightly bound, to Moscow as is Bulgaria: peated the pledge against collectivization.
ask unanimous consent that the order The rag-tag-26th of.July army of bearded Then he changed his mind-or it was
for the quorum call maybe rescinded. romantics Who marched into Havana Janu- changed for him.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- any 2, 1969, is no more. In its place is a force Last month, he told a sugar cooperative
out objection, it is so ordered. of about 800,000, made up of more than conference that distribution of land to the
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mir. President, I 50,000 trained regular and a heavily armed peasants would mean destruction of the revo-
am informed that certain. Senators have militia. The training is by Communist bloc lution. Nor was the cooperatives' idea prac-
amendments to offer to the bill. I would officers. The -equipment is modern. The tical, either. The answer had to be "people's
discipline is strict and Soviet style. The farms"-a copy of the Soviet state farm idea
hope they will come to the Senate and facilities are installed and expanded by Rus- in which the government owns the land
offer such amendments, SD that the Sen- sians and East Europeans. and the peasant becomes a sort of farm-
ate can get down to the consideration of Even now the army has political commis- factory worker. There were already 800 "peo-
the pending business. sass, carbon copies of the "politruk" officers ple's farms." Mr. Castro indicated the
Assigned to nail down regime would collectivize all the cooperatives
ne
re
B., ..r --
~~~~ party authority. ..
-- --
SOVIET NOW HAS CUBA tionary instructors" was graduated this a real proletarian and get rid of his instinc-
school and is being in- tive impulse to own land.
cie)
,
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, rester- month from,a spe
fused into Vie army. Mr. Castro says their As in other Communist lands, production
day there was published in the Washing- mission is to "teach the class struggle char- quotas are laid down. Norms are set for
ton Sunday Star an article by William actor of the revolution" to the army. cattle and livestock reproduction, and as in
L. Ryan, a very competent correspondent Havana is ringed by military hardwre, the other lands, the big drawback is that the
for the Associated Press. This was a manned by Russians and Cubans. The Rus- cattle cannot read instructions. The econ-est
useHa- d omy Is prisey to allltu a ills that afflict other and will be
the special item, under the title "Soviet Now a na, paid tc esbefor iformer s the aesaates near
agric.
Has Cuba; Stay Unless Ejected," with for antiaircraft batteries and rocket-launch- LABOR
the subtitle le "Review o of Tight Grip ing site. Soviet radar, Russian-mannd, Regimentation is on the Soviet model.
Produces Shook; Red Pros in Charge, checks all flights. Dozens of Soviet Mig The workingman is subject to production
Castro Due To Go." fighters have been shipped in and the num- quotas. "Socialist emulation," the speedup
This is one of the n'iost informative ber may reach 200. Cubans are trained to device invented by Moscow, was formally in-
and complete articles, on the Cuban use them. A parachute corps will be sent to troduced April 16. The speed up worker is
situation. I have seen in quite some time. Russia-to complete training. And military known as distinguished worker.
I ask unanimous consent that it may be equipment pours in, along with thousands of The Cuban Workers Central directs 25
included in its entirety as a part of my "technicians." national unions and automatically approves
THE ECONOMY what the regime orders. As in other Com-
remhek. Moscow owns the economy. Fantastic munist countries, it does not represent the
There being be rintedon, the article numbers of trucks, jeeps and other vehicles labor force, but the state. Workers are sub-
was (ordered to be printed in the RECORD, pour in from the Red bloc, each batch mak- jetted to lectures, work discipline, warnings
as
as OllowS: ing Cuba more dependent upon Soviet petro- ' about such things as a "formal bureaucratic
SOVIET Now HAS CUBA; To STAY UNLESS leum shipments. attitude." They are punished for lateness
EJECTED--REVIEW OF TIGHT GRIP PRODUCES Imports for 1962 from the U.S.S.R. include: or absenteeism. Directors are punished for
SHOCIc,' RED PROS IN CIIARGII, CASTRO DUE Wheat flour, cereal grains, edible oils, canned, failing to make quotas or for distorting
To Go frozen and cured meats, condensed milk, baby figures.
(By William L. Ryan) foods, rice, butter, lard, peas, canned fish, Cards were issued August 15 to all workers
Moscow today just about owns Cuba-lock, beans, potatoes, fertilizer, rayon and other over 18. The information about each worker
stock, barrel and beard. textiles, superphosphates, trucks, jeeps, took up 15 pages. Fourteen pages went into
Inexorably, Soviet commmunter is closing buses, tractors, a petroleum tanker, rice hr- regime files. The workers got the 15th as
its steel, grip. Challenging the United vesters, machine tools, power shovels, grad- his card. He cannot work without it.
States in the sensitive Caribbean and the ers, bulldozers, compressors, rolled steel, tin- Before the Castro o Nera, Owf the women n in Cuba -al
Western lessopia has given the mplate, aterialsslforpsoapa-manufacture,Oacement, workers, students and even aged people-
world a lesson in n imperialism.
Approved-For Release 2006/09127 :-'CIA-RDP64B00346R00020015001
 e 2006/09/27: CIA-RDP64B00346R000200150013-3
doubt they intend to rule. Mr. Roca holds a
dominating position in_ the ORI, although
posts in the secretariat have gone to Mr.
Castro's bearded Communists of the "new"
group.
Havana radio this spring admitted there
had been a struggle, calling it "a battle
which culminated in the dismissal of (Ani-
bal) Escalante as secretary of the ORI." Mr.
Escalante, an old line Communist, was ex-
pendable to avoid outward signs of internal
conflict. He is now in Eastern Europe.
The fight arose over Mr. Castro's loud de-
termination to be more equal than his sup-
posed equals in the collective. The old
guard Communists have to live with him,
since to many Cubans and Latin Americans
he symbolizes national sovereignty. He is
also the only man in the regime who com-
mands any marked degree of, loyalty.
THE OUTLOOK
On the surface, Mr. Castro still does not
appear to have lost any of his authority, but
that is only a surface appearance. The old
guard Reds weave their power web carefully,
move slowly. The time is approaching for
the final phase of envelopment. When Mr.
Castro's presence is no longer necessary,
when he has taken all the blame for Cuba's
economic disaster, he can safely be put aside,
and that will be managed by men responsible
to Moscow.
Right now, Blas Roca, Carlos Rodriguez
and old guard Communists seem to be spend-
ing much of their time trying to outfox Mr.
Castro. The bearded premier appears to
flounder more and more In a morass of
mixed-up ideology. Is he being insidiously
undermined by the old guard? There is
much evidence to suggest that he is, and
he seems resentful.
A month ago, Mr. Castro addressed a con-
g'tets of secondary school students and found
himself embroiled in an incoherent wrangle
with his audience. Mr. Castro had men-
tioned a revolutionary song in his speech
and the students yelled demands that he sing
it. Mr. Castro argued and cursed them ob-
scenely.
"I don't know how to sing, I won't sing.
That is final * * * It's impossible to speak
here." He let out another string of pro-
fanity. There were "idiots" around, in spite
of the revolution, he shouted.
Screams and laughter greeted his words.
It was 8 minutes before the students could
be quieted and Mr. Castro could get on with
a rambling, sometimes incoherent talk. He
may have been drunk-or he may have been
confused and angered by the pressure of
forces he did not fully understand, forces
threatening him.
When Mr. Castro finally is shoved aside it
will be small consolation for the United
States. It will mean Moscow's domination
is complete.
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER, (Mr. RAN-
DOLPH in the chair). Is there objection?
The Chair hears none, and it is so or-
dered.
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, I yield
to the Senator from Ohio.
are tr gooned into "socialist Sundays."
They ' e supposed to be volunteers to save
-sugar crops. Women also cut hay, pick
coffee and cotton and do other agricultural
labor.
Mr. Castro arlnounced,a year ago.plansfor
a system of '.`corrective labor" for prisoners,
sounding much like the forced labor of other
Red nations.
The regime constantly nags workers about
greater production. There is even a board
of "volunteers,'" supervising sports, called
"Listo para Veneer" (Ready to Win). This
copies the Soviet organization Gotov (initials
standing for "Ready for Labor and De-
fense").
YQUTH
Cuba now has a Communist Youth Union,
with the same cell structure which mania
the Soviet Young Communist League (Kom-
somol). Its purpose, said Mr. Castro, is to
"mold youth into a Communist atti-
tude * * * war against intrigue * * *
against gossip, against rumors behind the
back * * * to correct errors of others."
There is an organization committee con-
trolling all activities of students during both
school and vacation time. It guards against
absenteeism, watches student unions, mo-
bilizes students for work in the fields, pro-
vides monitors to watch teachers, presides
over sports and all student activities.
INTERNAL ENEMIES
All the ills of an emerging Communist
regime afflict Cuba: shortages, hoarding,
black marketing, clandestine slaughter of
livestock. Those who complain are labeled
"enemies of the people."
In a Catholic country, the regime goes
slowly about cracking down on religion.
Mr. Castro proclaims religious' freedom, but
church. activities are curtailed and confined
inside church buildings.
The regime carries on a gigantic indoc-
trination campaign. Hundreds of thousands
of Communist,, manuals are distributed.
Communist boss Plas Roca's ".Fundamentals
of Socialism in Cuba" was distributed In
700,000 copies-1 for each 10' or fewer
persons.
THE APPARATUS
In prerevolutionary days, the Communists
played ball with the Batista regime, en-
trenched themselves in the labor movement,
and even opposed the 26th of July revolu-
tionary movement. After the revolution, the
Popular Socialist (Communist) 'Party was
the only organized party allowed to operate.
It infiltrated every department of the regime,
\ up to the highest positions.
A year ago Mr. Castro announced-it
seemed a bit reluctantly-all revolutionary
organizations would be merged into one, the
ORI (Integrated Revolutionary Organiza-
tions). This, he said, would eventually be-
come the "united party of the Socialist revo-
lution." The regime laid down plans for
complete control of the economy and set up
"committees of defense"-more than a half
million strong. That meant 1 spy for
every 12 'Cubans, man, woman, and chile;.
The Communists now let it be,known they
regard the 26th of July movement as having
bees ` ``the national liberation phase, ac-
cording to Khrushchev-era doctrine. The
July 2e movement is defunct. The Com-,
munists hold fTa~, C.ba has entered a new
stage of "building socialism." The ORI, for
all pratical purposes, already is the single
party. Organization is going forward on the
:time-tested pyramid-cell basis which assures
central control.. When the ullted party
emerges formally,` membership will be lim-
ited to "those who fulfill Leninist condi-
tions."
There has been conflict between the wily
old guard Communists and the so-called
new Communists recruited from Mr. .? , Cas-
tro's original followers. The old guarders,
under Red Chieftain Blas Roca, leave littl
URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION
ACT OF 1962
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, last
week on the floor of the Senate the mass
18473
transportation bill was discussed. I op-
posed that bill.
I wish to call the attention of Senators
to what the proposal has already done
in Cleveland, Ohio. In Cleveland, Ohio,
there is a publicly operated system,
managed and directed by a transit
board. The Cleveland Transit Board
definitely had in mind building an ex-
tension of the transit system from down-
town Cleveland to the Cleveland Air-
port, The plan was in the making and
in the process of being executed. Then
came word from Washington that Con-
gress might enact a law that would make
available gifts of $2 by the Federal Gov-
ernment for every $1 put up by the
local people.for the improvement of mass
transportation. As could have been ex-
pected, the Cleveland Transit Board,
learning that a largess was to come from
Washington, decided to postpone the de-
velopment of their plan.
I now wish to read what was published
by the Cleveland Plain Dealer with re-
gard to the subject:
EXCUSES EXPLODED
When Allen J. Lowe and Charles P. Lucas
recently switched their position on carrying
through with their proposal to extend the
CTS rapid transit to the airport, we indig-
nantly demanded the real reasons for their
switch.
So far they have given none.
Not only that, but the feeble excuses which
Lowe gave at the meeting have broken down.
Lowe said that he was pinning his hopes
for financing the CTS part of the project on
the Federal transit subsidy bill.
This multimillion-dollar grab bag is an-
other attempt by the Federal handout kings
to invade the field of local authority and to
load us with new mountains of debt.
* * * * *
Even if the thing should lamentably be
passed there's no promise that Cleveland
would get allocations from it. Every large
city in the country will be at the trough
for the gravy if transit subsidies ever are
poured out.
The malignancy of the Federal subsidy
system, whether subsidies actually are given
or not, is seen in what has happened here.
The mere talk of a possible handout is used
as an argument against doing something
locally that should be handled locally.
Lowe's other explanation for his switch,
in which fellow CTS Board Members Lucas
followed, was that until 1970 the CTS couldn't
have enough funds for its part of the ex-
tension costs, even with the special econ-
omies that they had supported earlier. But
he admitted last week that he had forgotten
that the CTS could help its financing through
eguipment trust certificates.
Again we call for a rescinding by Lucas
and Lowe of their September 6 action so
they can put the rapid transit extension back
on the track.
The editorial clearly and properly de-
scribes what the ultimate impact of the
proposed Federal handout will be. Here
is a community that contemplated the
extension of its rapid transit system
without Federal aid. They were in the
process of going forward. 'A plan had
been developed. The objective sought
was clearly in mind. But along comes
the Federal Government with the pro-
posal: "We will give you money for
which you will have to pay nothing."
. What do Senators expect the transit
board to do? Perhaps the board could
have 'risen to high patriotic levels by
Approved For ReleaSe~2006/09/27.: CIA-RDP644B00346R000200150013-
 Approved For Release 2006/09/27: CIA-RDP64B00346R000200150013-3
I$474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 17
.saying to those in authority in Wash- ment Act of 1962. This measure gener- Enactment of adjustment legislation to re-
ington, "We will not ask for your largess. ally is just referred to as the trade bill. lieve the impact of international to* je poli-
We will build the system. ourselves." To call it Che Trade Adjustment Act of cies on on adversely employees, affected. business, and communi-
, z33,ut two of the members of the board 1962 is truly an appropriate name for it
thought that it would be.best for Cleve- is an adjustment in every true sense of I am proud that the authors of the
laud and the country to wait, thus giv- the word. It means that America is ad- Trade Adjustment Act of 1962 have seen
1ng encouragement to the Federal Gov- justing its thinking to modern day living, fit to incorporate the Special Committee
elxnnent to begin the proposed new plan and is looking to the future for her peo- on Unemployment Problems recommen-
of buying buses, trolleys, and terminals ple to insure more jobs, more business, dation, for the adjustment assistance
for every crossroad community in the and a stronger all-around economy. section of the Trade Adjustment Act
United States.
Where will it lead? If the Federal
Governinint intends to give money to
governmental bodies for the develop-
ment of their transportation systems, in
my judgment there will be only one end,
and that is Federal governmental owner-
ship of the system.
What it frightening, dampening, de-
pressing 'impact. Here are people who
wish to be independent. They wish to
solve their own problems and to do
things in the true American way. They
are dissuaded from following that course
by the bait held dangling by the U.S.
Congress and the administration. They
are told, "Do not be independent. Do
not be self-reliant. Waia and the Fed-
eral Government will give you things for
nothing."
How can we compare that philosophy
with the philosophy of the men who, 1'75
years ago, on the 17th day of September,
dent, that some of the ideas in this Trade
Adjustment Act proposal are not neces-
sarily new, in that recommendations
were made in March 1960, when the
Special Committee on Unemployment
Problems submitted its report to the
Senate. This committee, of which I was
proud to serve as a member, was chaired
so ably by my distinguished colleague
from Minnesota [Mr. MCCARTHY]. One
of the aspects of the TradeAdjustment
Act of 1962 which some have widely dis-
cussed with possible apprehension is the
adjustment assistance section of the bill.
I point out at this time that if it had
not been for the able cooperation of the
distinguished Senator from Tennessee
[Mr. GoRE'1 that this section probably
would have been stricken from the bill.
wrote the Constitution of the--United dough in order to make it possible-to
States? report the gill in its present form.
Did they contemplate: this policy of
largesse and gifts by our Government?
Were they cringing persons who de-
pended upon gifts, or were they coura-
geous individualists who believed in the
free enterprise system and that our Na-
tion would triumph, and that the wel-
fare of cur people would be promoted?
The questions answer themselves.
What we are doing today is in com-
plete conflict with everything that was
done by those men who signed the Con-
stitution on September 17,1737.
I regret that this is happening in my
city of Cleveland, but .[ am pleased to
note that the chairman of the Cleveland
Transit Board has announced his will-
ingness to appear before the Committee
on Commerce and there to oppose the
bill.
A "chocolate drop" was held out. it is
sweet on the outside, but within there is
poison-poison to our system. It will be
swallowed by many. They will take it
with great glee, but the ultimate price
to be paid, in my judgmeni , eventii ly
will be a loss of every right) and liberty
that our forefathers had in mind 175
years ago when they signed the Consti-
tution.
TRADE EXPANSION ACT ' Off'? 1862
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R..11970) to promote the
general welfare, foreign po:iicy, and' se-
curity of the United States through
international trade agreements and
through adjustment assistance to domes-
tic industry, agriculture, and labor, and
for other purposes.
Mr. H[ARTKE:. Mr. Pre.~ident, I rise
today to call to the attention of the Sen-
ate that soon this body will have the op-
portunity to vote on the Trade Adjust-
The administration owes him a special
vote of gratitude and commendation be-
cause I know the struggle he went
Mr. GORE. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. HARTKE. I am happy to yield.
Mr. GORE. Mr. President, I am in-
deed grateful for the generosity of my
friend the able Senator from Indiana.
As the Senator knows, in general I have
been in full and strong support of the
Kennedy administration in the field of
foreign policy, in the field of interna-
tional economics, and in the field of mu-
tual assistance with our allies and friends
of the free world.
Upon occasion, conscientious convic-
tion has led me into opposition to the
position of. the administration on do-
mestic affairs. Perhaps it is in recol-
lection of some of these events that my
distinguished friend now expresses this
gratitude for my cooperation in this
case. I appreciate it very much. I
thank him.
Mr. HARTKE. I say this in full rec-
ognition of the manner in which the
Senator conducts himself not only in
committee, but also on the floor of the
Senate in protecting the rights of the
people of the United States in every as-
pect and on every subject of legislation.
I know that the President of the
United States appreciates the fine coop-
eration of the Senator, and realizes that
in this case the Trade Adjustment Act
of 1962 wculd not have reached the floor
inits present form if it had not been
for the singular cooperation of the d1s-
tinguishec. Senator from Tennessee.
I have no apprehension about this part
of the bil:.. Our Special Committee on
Unemployment Problems made this same
recommendation in 1960-during the
2d session of the 86th Congress-and
I quote from the committee report, page
124, No.6(b) :
Ways and. Means Committee and like
testimony before the Senate Finance
Committee, the Honorable Luther
Hodges, our able and distinguished Sec-
retary of Commerce stated during the
House hearings:
I have explained why I do not expect many
firms or workers to be adversely affected by
trade agreements negotiated under the Trade
Expansion Act. But realism requires that we
be prepared for local instances in which firms
or workers suffer hardship as a result of in-
creased imports.
The Federal Government has a special
responsibility to such firms and workers.
For their hardship can be directly traced to
a specific action undertaken by the Govern-
ment for the good of all-the lowering of
trade restrictions in order to open up new
markets for our goods abroad. As the Presi-
dent has said, no industry or work force
should be made a sacrificial victim for the
benefit of the national welfare. No small
group of firms and workers should be made
to bear, the full burden of the costs of a
program whose great benefits enrich the
Nation as a whole.
Tariff relief is not always a satisfactory or
sufficient remedy for the import problem. I
believe that trade adjustment assistance can
and will be a most effective, supplementary
device. Tariff relief without positive action
may protect an inefficient company that can-
not compete. Escape-clause relief should be
only a short-term remedy, used only in
extraordinary circumstances to allow time
for adjustments to foreign competition. Ad-
justment assistance is designed to help firms
to adjust on a more permanent basis.
Further, Mr. President, Hon. Arthur
J. Goldberg, former Secretary of Labor,
accompanied by the Honorable W. Wil-
lard Wirtz, testified as to the need and
the reasons for the adjustment assistance
phase of the Trade Adjustment Act. In
his testimony before the House Ways and
Means Committee-hearings before the
House Ways and Means Committee, 87th
Congress, 2d session, on H.R. 9900,
part II, page 726-Secretary Goldberg
said:
The reasons for proposing a trade adjust-
ment assistance program: The United
States has traditionally recognized that some
protection should be given to American
firms and workers who are faced with serious
import competition. However, until now
that protection has been exclusively sup-
plied by tariffs or other import restrictions
which had the effect of restricting foreign
competition and generally subsidizing ineffi-
cient domestic producers.
There are situations where such restric-
tions are still appropriate. As Secretary
Hodges and Under Secretary Ball have tes-
tified, the proposed act retains these tradi-
tional protective features-the reservation
of items from tariff negotiations, the adjust-
ment of imports which threaten national
security, and where no other solution is pos-
sible, the increase or imposition of duties or
restrictions on imports which are found to
be causing or threaten to cause serious injury
to an industry.
Approved For Release 2006/09/27. CAA RDP64B00346R000200150013-3