PART III: CUBA'S SOVIET CURTAIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000200150011-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2004
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: September 19, 1962
• Content Type: OPEN

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1962,
security which results from the estab-
lishment of a Communist base so near
our shores, I insert, under unanimous
consent, an editorial which appeared in
the Union City, N:J., Hudson Dispatch,
on September 13, 1962, in the Appendix.
This forceful editorial sets-forth, in
lanuage that anyone can understand,
the urgent need for the United States to
demand that its allies do not aggravate
the present Cuban situation by allowing
the shipment of arms to Cuba in their
ships to continue.
'rhe editorial follows:
ITS TIME FOR FOREIGN AID 'TO UNITED STATES
An insupportable anomaly in the Com-
munist buildup of military supplies in Cas-
tro's Cuba which cries for elimination is the
spectacle of a number of our NATO Allies
permitting their commercial ships to carry
cargoes of Soviet goods to the Red island
bastion which is becoming an ever-greater
threat to the United States and our Latin
American allies.
NATO, which gets the largest part of its
manpower as well as its financial support
from the United States, was set up for the
purpose of keeping the free world free, yet
our partners in this allied defense organ-
ization are ignoring a vital phase of their
overall commitments in. that direction by
providing more than half the shipping carry-
ing arms and strategic materials to the Red-
bloc satellite.
The United States has the means and-un-
questionably should act to bring about a
speedy cessation to the practice of allowing
Russia to charter private vessels of our allies
to haul food, consumer goods, and arms,
including missiles, to the Communist puppet
regime only 90 miles off our shores. Even
before Soviet Premier Khrushchev had the
supreme gall to threaten this country with
nuclear war over Cuba, American appeals to
NATO Allies to discourage this aid to the
Moscow stooge in Havana were voiced.
The United.States brought up the Cuban
question at North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion Council meetings in Paris last month.
On August 31, when Washington revealed
that the appeals had met with a limited but
generally satisfactory response, it was stated
that further insistence on the part of this
country was certain.
Following President Kennedy's remark at
his first September news conference that
NATO countries should consider what steps
they could take to prevent usage of their
ships for Russia's Cuban trade and arms
buildup, our request were officially repeated.
Since mid-July through the end of the
week of the current month, our State De-
partment reveals that about 60 ships have
left Soviet bloc ports for Cuba. Of these, 25
were said to be Soviet-owned while lnoet of
the rest were chartered from free world coun-
tries.
. American officials are continuing talks with
European countries on whether their trade
with Cuba hampers the 'U.S. policy of trying
to isolate the Castro ,regime economically
and whether goods embargoed. to Cuba by the
United States might have been transhipped
through Europe.
Countries approached on the charter ques-
tion included Greece, Norway, Britain, and
West Germany. These are said to be the
NATO nations yzbo,sg. yessels most frequently
are chartered by Russia. Yesterday, Senator
HUBFRT H: HUMPHREY, assistant Democratic
leader in the upper Chamber, speaking
against the backdrop of Soviet threats over
Cuba, urged that stronger pressure be ap-
plied on our allies to halt military and stra-
tegic shipments to the Communist outpost
in the Western Hemisphere, _
M. HVMPHgEY. Was joined by Senator
Kz~.IgETFt,,B, 1tiATI TG, Republican of New
U.S. allies. The Empire State Senator said
he had been urging such a course for some
time. We, too, join in this call for action
that will get results. All the billions we
have spent on foreign aid certainly entitle
us to this kind of foreign aid.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, September 19, 1962
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, the
third article on Cuba, an eyewitness re-
port by Anthony Burton, appears in the
September 19 issue of the New York
Daily News:
CASTRO'S CUBA IS BEING SOLD DOWN THE
VOLGA
(By Anthony Burton)
(NOTE.-This is the third and final eye-
witness report on Sovietized Cuba by News
Staffer Anthony Burton, the last reporter for
a U.S. newspaper to get out of the island.
He describes Castro's secret police at work
and Soviet penetration.)
MIAMI, September 18.-At first when you
discover that agents are shadowing you in a
police state like Cuba the reaction is one, of
amusement, even flattery, that you should be
considered so important.
Then, gradually, you find a tautness over-
taking you, a tugging at nerve ends. You
can't help looking over your shoulder.
It was a taxidriver who first tipped me off
that the Castro government was taking more
than a friendly interest in my visit to the
Sovietized island.
"D'you know you're being followed?" he
asked, looking into his rearview mirror.
About 100 yards behind was a green and
white Chevrolet carrying three men.
HAVING SOME FUN WITH THE SHADOWERS
Wherever I went that day I never lost
them. The three, in the casual dress of or-
dinary Cubans, became as familiar as friends.
' The only light moments in the grim tail-
ing came when they rammed another car in
their eagerness to keep up with my taxi.
And, while driving with two other news-
men, we deliberately tucked ourselves be-
hind a stopped bus, leaving the Chevrolet
in the mainstream of rush-hour traffic. Re-
fusing to move ahead and so lose us, the
shadowers stubbornly halted in the middle
of the road.
Traffic backed up behind them for blocks
until the bus drove off and the chase re-
eumed.
' The secret police, called G-2, are not
funny, however, as the many people who have
been picked up and taken to their head-
quarters will testify.
There is still no news of two Cuban na-
tionals, Raul Casanes and his wife, Sarita,
*ho work for U.S. news mediums. They
disappeared into G-2 headquarters more than
a week ago.
So far, there has been no talk of torture
by the secret police as there was in the
days of Dictator Batista. The worst is the
cold room treatment in which a prisoner in
light clothes is put in a room at 45' tempera-
ture for hours. He is later told it was a
mistake and returned to his cell.
A government official told me while boast-
ing of improvements since the revolution:
"We kill them better now. A clean death
with no torture. It is better."
A6939
There are still a few good things to be
found in the island. The color bar is ab-
sent and people of every shade, from deep-
est black to European white, mix freely.
GUITARS, DRUMS PLAY AND REDS CONSOLIDATE
The ' tropical weather makes the lack of
good clothes less noticeable. Nearly every
ordinary Cuban wears an open-neck shirt
and slacks.
The pretty girls, once among the most ele-
gant in Latin America, still retain some of
their former smartness as well as their love
of wiggling to the "Cha-cha."
The Russians, with their prudish back-
ground, must have tightened their lips when
they first encountered the exotic walk of
well-built Cuban girls and the happy-go-
lucky attitude of the ordinary Cuban.
"They're being sold down the Volga and
they don't care so long as they can still
have their music," said one disgusted West-
erner.
While the guitars and drums play on, the
Russians consolidate their hold on the is-
land. When they found that mismanage-
ment of the Castro regime was dissipating
their economic aid, they demanded control
of the 'projects in which they were involved.
SOVIET ECONOMIC CZAR ORDERED SHIPMENTS
The Soviet economic czar in Cuba Is Said
Usamanov, who made a reputation in Khru-
shchev's virgin lands project. Only when
Castro had agreed to fall in with his plans
did Usamanov authorize shipments of Rus-
sian economic aid.
All military items are carried in Soviet
ships. Economic aid comes in Greek, Li-
berian, Italian, and West German ships.
Tractors that have broken down through
misuse are seen all over Cuba. Usamanov
vetoed further tractor shipments until those
already in Cuba were repaired and set to
work
His job is to revive the staggering Cuban
economy and his method is the stark auster-
ity which the island is now suffering.
Time will tell whether the Russians, hav-
ing used Castro and his men, will move them
aside.
SEEMS CASTRO STILL RUNS THE MILITARY
The issuance of cards to workers is a sign
of tightening discipline. If you don't work
you don't get a card. The card is needed
for everything, even renting a cabin at hotel
swimming pools.
Military control, however, still seems to
be in the hands of the regime. Castro,
backed now by Russian guns, radar, patrol
boats, tanks, armored cars, and trucks, would
have little trouble dealing with a repeat
of the small-scale Bay of Pigs invasion.
The Cuban threat will be to Central Amer-
ican nations.
The official line now is that the Cuban
revolution is not for export, that the Cu-
bans are not interested in encouraging com-
munism to spread in Latin America. They
just want to be left alone to rebuild their
country.
A Western diplomat told me: "It's the
classic Communist procedure. The Rus-
sians want quiet so that they can consoli-
date their gains here, like the snake digest-
ing its prey.
"When they are completely in control
they will set about fomenting trouble in
other countries. They are very anxious for
all this fuss to die down until then."
SOVIET TECHNOLOGISTS BUILDING AND TEACHING
To that extent, it may be the truth when
Cuba says that the Russians arriving there
are helping with defenses.
The present emphasis is on defense.
Bridges are being mined, military roads
built, antiaircraft guns, and rockets point
skyward alongside radar installations.
Russians train the Cubans in their use
and oversee the construction of factories.
The Russian camps I saw could well have
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CONG1iESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
York, in urging some plain talking with
 1960
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CO11TyGR sS1oNAL .REICORD.- PPENDIX
Bui' what we could not be .sure of doing The President should not be asked to say
is to prevent the retaliatory moves to which w2lether he will go to war. He should not be
we would have laid ourselves wide open, driven to say that he won't go to war.
moves against Berlin or against Turkey, ar A certain mystery and uncertainty are
against Iran. desirable, and will be deterrent to our ad-
Far, we would have acted on the rule that versaries.
a possible threat against our security or our
interests justifies us in going to war.
We would be saying that because Cuba,
which is only 90 miles away, is in the grip
of an unfriendly European power, we have
a right to blockade or occupy the island; we
would be saying too that the Soviet Union
has no such right to_act against the Ameri-
can military positions in Turkey, Iran, Pak-
istan, right on her own frontier.
Let us not fool ourselves. Such an argu-
ment will not wash. It would be rejected,
probably even laughed at, not only by all
neutrals but, by ppowerful elements among
our closest allies.
There are some who think foreign opinion
doesn't matter. But when it comes to war,
it means a great rleal to the belligerent who
is for him and who is against him. We
Could go to war if Castro injures us. But
we cannot go to war, even against Castro,
because of what lie may conceivably do in
the future.
We cannot wage a preventive war against
Castro without establishing the rule that
a preventive war is_ Legitimate against our
military ,position' in Berlin, Turkey, Iran,
Pakistan, Thailand, South Vietnam, Taiwan,
Okinawa, South-Korea, and Japan.
'It is true, of course, that the Soviet lodg-
ment In. Cuba Is a gross violation of the
Monroe Doctrine. Yet we cannot invoke the
Monroe Doctrine.., Why not?
-The Monroe .Poptxine declares that "any
interposition" by a European power in this
hemisphere would be "the manifestation of
an unfriendly disposition toward the United
States,"
.But and this is the crucial r oint_ the
orth-
ern 'Hemisphere was coupled with a renun- while Organization and discuss with A large cash award and a valuable tract
...panere: In the wars of the European dam-loving people throughout the world.
powers in matters relating to themselves we I might add, Mr. Speaker, that Attorney
have never taken any part, nor does it com-
port with out ?policy, so to do." General Kennedy was given one of the
This fundamental Passage in Monroe's greatest ovations ever accorded a guest
message is, of course, a restatement of the of the Polish Roman Catholic Union
principle laid down by Washington in his Convention in its 89 years of existence.
farewell address: "Europe has a set of pri- Attorney General Kennedy's eloquent
mary Interests which to is aye none, or a message follows:
very remote relation." i ADDRESS BY HON. ROBERT F. KENNEDY, ATTOR-
This basis of the Monroe Doctrine disap- NEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE
peered in the 20th century, in the two POLISH ROMAN CATHOLIC UNION CONVEN-
World Wars, the Korean war, and. the cold TION, LORD BALTIMORE HOTEL, BALTIMORE,
war. We cannot invoke the Monroe Doctrine MD., MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1962
without meeting the question of what we are Mr. Chairman, Reverend Fathers, officers,
doing all, over 'Europe and Asia' and delegates to the Polish Roman. Catholic
Oi== right to put Cuba under surveillance, Union Convention, the one characteristic
and if necessary to blockade and invade it, which distinguishes us as Americans in the
rests not on the Monroe Doctrine but an world today is that in the United States we
the elementary right of a people to insure have a land of 180 million people whose
Its own security. cultures and background come from virtually
For two centnrigs, the British felt that every nation In the world, and yet we live
way about the occt;pation of Belgium by an virtually as one people.
unfriendly power. The Russians felt that I am particularly happy to be with you
way about Turkey. This right can, how- here today to participate in the opening
ever, be exercised only when there Is a clear session of your convention because Ameri-
and present danger. . cans
regardless of ethni
b
k
,
c
ac
ground, will
,Qgstro is 44 insulting nuisance but is not, agree that the Polish Roman Catholic Union, chip between the Polish and the American
and is a~ot now ,remotgly capable of becom- through its 89 years of existence, has made t iesseworking and fighting together in
ing.a clear , and present danger to the United an indelible contribution to the growth of th cause of freedom.
Staten, So we,lriu,5t practice watchful wait- America. Time after time, Americans have been In-
trig, and hold ourselves in.readiness, never Over the sped by the stubborn courage of the Poles.
for a mament forgetting the vastly renter years you have assisted Polish We cannot forget that at the outset of the
-angers elsewhere. g immigrants make an orderly transition from Second World Was, Polish cavalrymen
the customs of the Old World to those of charged their horses against Nazi tanks.
in a time of watchful waiting, Congress our country. Your efforts have helped these
and the ,newspapers are compelled to remem- people become dedicated Americans and made Nor can we forget General Bor's uprising
her that the Bresldexlt is conducting a deli- your communities across the country better against the against s the in Warsaw, holding out
for p 63 days aggainst might of the German
Cate and dangerous operation, and that he places in which to live. u
gio ly .interfered with if he is forced Although Poland is a much older nation have been force.
able p eyeyy f anti to cross every t in advance than the United States, our destinies have Tent on the debt e owes to the partial s of
Or eell$i4. keen closely and profitably intert
ines ,~_. - to the sons of
w
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Attorney General Robert Kennedy's Ad-
dress to the Polish Roman Catholic
Union Convention
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 11, 1962
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, last
Monday, Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy addressed the Polish Roman
Catholic Union convention in Baltimore.
I should like to.callhis inspiring remarks
to the attention of my colleagues.
The Polish Roman Catholic Union is
the oldest Polish American fraternal or-
ganization in America. In its 89 years
of existence, this dedicated organization,
which has chapters in virtually every
State in the Union, has written an im-
~694I
A few years after its founding, Jamestown,
the first permanent settlement in America,
was in trouble. The gentlemen adventurers,
who formed Capt. John Smith's company had
little taste for the hard task of building a
colony in a hostile wilderness. They were
more interested in vain searches for gold
than in clearing stubborn forests or plow-
ing fields.
Smith sent to London for help. He asked
for men who would work and who had the
skills necessary to create a civilization in the
wilderness.
The next ship brought help, not more gen-
tlemen seeking ek fortune, but six
skilled craftsn-
2ki, Stefanski, Mata,
Bogdan, Zrencia, ..iadioski.
These first six Poles in the new world
went to work. They established a glass
furnace-the first industry in America-and
helped the Colony to start a soap works and
a sawmill. John Smith credited their ex-
ample of skill and Industry with saving
Jamestown.
A few years later, when the Colony was
to elect the first representative legislature
in America, the Governor ruled that only
those born in England could vote. The Poles
promptly put down their tools and pro-
claimed "No vote, no work." The Governor
relented and the annals of the Jamestown
Colony for 1619 note that Poles were ex-
tended the full rights accorded other settlers.
It is not surprising that this first strike in
America was by Poles and that it was staged
in the name of freedom.
pressive record of contributions toward The Polish love of freedom served this Na-
helping Americans of Polish descent be- tion well then and in the Revolution. The
come better versed on the strength of names of Pulaski and Kosciusko brighten
the
the democratic process and also to be- pages d a.
Pulaski d of I inan aty an attack on the British at
come better American citizens. Savannah after distinguished service at the
It is most reassuring to know that the Battle of Brandywine and at Valley Forge.
Attorney General of the United States But Kosciusko lived to serve the cause of
ful Congress, but he never used this bounty
for himself. Before leaving to fight again
for Polish freedom in 1794, he placed his will
in the hands of Thomas Jefferson.
That last testament, as did his entire life,
struck a blow for freedom and human dig-
nity. It directed that his estate be used to
buy Negro slaves and set them free.
Down through the years, Americans and
Poles have shared the burden of fighting
for freedom. Several years ago, I climbed
that steep, rocky Italian hillside where Pol-
ish troops, under General Wladyslaw Anders,
took Monte Cassino from the Nazis, climax-
ing some of the hardest fighting of the Sec-
ond World War.
I shall never forget the inscription on the
memorial to the Polish soldiers buried there:
"We Polish soldiers, for our freedom and
yours, have given our souls to God, our bodies
to the soil of Italy, and our hearts to Po-
land.-'
On the day the Poles captured Monte Cas-
sino, American GI's were moving forward
through the hills an their left and the Ameri-
cans who died in that battle are buried a
few miles from their Polish brothers.
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A6942
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX September 19
nd in the Ica is indebted to its Polish citizens for that responsibility is through effc five
i
e
n our fr
have we forgotte troubled days since the Second World War. helping to forge our national character with communication.
We welcome and support the advances that this steel. They are responsible for seeing that
have taken place in recent years, A thousand years of history shows beyond farmers and others are informed about
We will continue to be concerned for the a doubt that the spirit of freedom and the agricultural programs that are avail-
our of the Polish people and to maintain human dignity is so ingrainedin the Polish
our traditional close ties of friendship with soul that no tyrant will ever succeed in able and the requirements for eligibility
destroying them. to partic in those .
- - ~ I State there are usually three
r
I am happy that this Government has
been able to extend over ahalf,billion dol-
lars in assistance to'the Poli.th people in the
past 5 years, and I am happy that this pro-
gram is going to continue. Tais aid has
been supplemented by the fine work of pri-
vate organizations and citizens who. have
been sending generous assiatance since the
American private and Government aid and
assistance joined to build the-new children's
hospital which is nearing; completion in
Kracow.
We have invited leaders of the Polish Gov-
ernment and leaders of thought: and opinion
in Poland to visit America and see this land
for themselves.
Cultural exchanges are continuing to in-
crease. The Warsaw philharmonic and the
Polish folk dance groups have toured this
country. A band from Warsaw played at
the Washington, D.C., and Newport jazz fes-
tivals this summer.
Our program of exchanging students,
teachers, and technicians is continuing and
I hope it will grow as both :nations can bene-
fit from it.
Each year, more and more American tour-
ists are going to Poland. :i hope that trend
will increase and will flow both ways, so
that more Poles will visit ur and see America.
These exchanges are but tangible evidence
of the close bond between the ;people of Po-
land and the people of the United States.
Today, :more than ever.before, we need the
courage and dedication to freedom which
" have .made Americans and Poles such good
friends through their history.
We fats a resourceful foe 'who seeks to
impose his totalitarian way on free men
everywhere. The threat takes many forms.
It may be a wall in Berlin, occa.pied domina-
tion of proud old nations, guerrilla warfare
in southeast Asia, military aid to Cuba, or
y
I know from my own experience, for on neve
the same trip that I saw the monument at county committeemen, and the local ex-
Monte Cassino, I also visited Poland. I tension service county agent usually is
came there from the Soviet Union, and it was an ex officio member.
inspiring to enter a country where the peo-? Day-to-day contacts with other farm-
pie yearn for the principles of freedom and
meaningful democracy. it was like emerg- ers by committeemen and county office
ing from darkness into the sunshine. employees are a necessity in order to
During those thousand years, Poland has achieve tie omost n farm programs tdistribution
enacted
been conquered and partitioned six times.
Yet Poland has never lost its concept as a by the Congress. It is the committee's
nation. Stubbornly and passionately, the responsibility to see that the programs
Poles have clung to their determination to are carried out fairly and in fullaccord-
have always They have refused to quit. They ante with official regulations. Thus the
be free.
have al come back.
This is the strength and tradition of the committee could be described as a board
Polish character. This Is your heritage. of directors, with the county office
So, it is a privilege to be here for not only manager responsible for carrying out the
do I feel a close bond. with the Polish people, committee's policies and decisions and
but the President shares this regard and feel- serving as a focal point for information
His His sister-in-law is married to a Pole. activities
.
The President has visited Poland as has my so it was this year of 1962 that nearly
mother, my brother, Ted, and my sisters. 2 million farmers are signed up to parti-
virt no hadh closerla li n. other group has my family cipate in the wheat and feed grain pro-
had
Oli ver r Wendell ndell Holmes, speaking on Me- -grams. However, hundreds of thous-
morial Day, 1884, in Keene, N.H., said: ands of other farmers also are participat-
nacted programs
ld
ll
y e
ing in congressiona
"It is required of a man that he shou
share the passions and actions of his time for cotton, peanuts, tobacco, Wool, SOy-
at the peril of being judged not to have beans, sugar, rice, beans, dairy products
lived." and others. Additionally there are the
I can think of no other people who have conservation programs and the soil bank.
shared the passions and actions of their time All are a part of the work of the ASC.
the. I hope y cu have hope you will have a successful confer- They all add up to a formidable task for
ence and that you will return to your homes the county ASC committeemen.
with renewed dedication to our common So I think we owe the ASC committees
ideals of freedom and human dignity, a vote of thanks today as we take action
And I know you share with me the con- on still another farm program effective
viction that-Poles everywhere are dedicated for 1963 and the years beyond.
to these ideals and that they will triumph,
for imbedded throughout the pages of Polish
history and. our own is the slogan which is
apt today--"Polak nie sluga"-a Pole-and
I might add an American-will never be a
serf.
espionage in our own country. We are alert to this threat and as Presi- dent Kennedy said last week, we intend to
do everything within our ;power to meet it-
and our power is very great.
We are making a consistent, carefully
planned effort to turn the arras race into a
peace race to spread respect for the rule of
law, and dedication to man's God-given right
to be free.
We are convinced that. a supreme effort
must be made to halt the arms race, but
until some progress is made, we are and will
remain prepared to do what is necessary to
protect our own interests and the security
of our friends and allies.
As we :face this challenge through the diffi-
cult years ahead, another of the great
attributes of the Polish peoples-their loyalty
and devotion to the Roman Catholic
Church--will serve us well.
Poles are now celebrating their 1'000th
anniversary as'a Christian people. Think of
it-40 generations of faith.
Ten centuries of Christianity have given
the Polish people a collective dynamism and
a sense of great continuing national purpose.
Indeed, the birth of Poland as a nation is
closely tied to the arrival of Christianity and
its long; and proud history has continued
this close bond to the church.
We have a rich heritage of our own-revo-
lution, toughness, Industry, and unswerving
belief in the fundamental rights of the indi-
vidual--but we are a young nation. We
look back to many lands for our basic beliefs
and traditions.
The Poles brought to this country strength,
courage, faith, and perseverance-and Amer-
Farmer.-Elected ASC Committeemen
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HERBERT C. BONNER
OF NORTH CAROLINA
IN THE '.SOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, September 14, 1962
Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, keeping
farmers and the public informed is a
major responsibility of USDA's county
Agricultural Stabilization and Conserva-
tion committees known throughout rural
America as the ASC committees.
Because of the millions of farmers and
the billions of dollars involved, I think a
little explanation of the work of key peo-
ple involved is in order here today as we
consider the1962 farm legislation. We
all know what a tremendous success the
wheat and feed grain programs are
which we enacted in 1961 and again this
year. Much of the credit for the suc-
cess of these two congressional actions,
I firmly believe, should be directed at
the system of farmer-elected ASC com-
mitteemen. They have the ultimate re-
sponsibility. How they primarily meet
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Real Estate in Europe
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. FRANK C. OSMERS, JR.
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, September 17, 1962
Mr. OSMERS. Mr. Speaker, one of
my distinguished constituents is Alex-
ander Summer, of Teaneck, N.J., who is
a past president of the New Jersey As-
sociation of Real Estate Boards as well as
the National Association of Real Estate
Boards. He is regarded throughout the
country as one of the real leaders in the
real estate, construction, and property
management fields.
Earlier this year, Mr. Summer was one
of a group which made a housing study
in Europe. A report by him on this
study appeared in the August 1962, edi-
tion of the New Jersey Realtor, the offi-
cial publication of the New Jersey Asso-
ciation of Real Estate Boards. There is
much for us to learn in this interesting
and thought provoking article.
Under unanimous consent I insert it
in the Appendix of the RECORD:
REAL ESTATE IN EUROPE
Earlier this year I was fortunate to be
included in a group interested in housing,
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1962 C-- NGRESSTONAL RECORD HOUSE
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD.)
Mr.. KASTENMEIER. Mr., Speaker,;
two important bills before the House to-
day deal with security administration.
One, H.R. 12082 would give the Secretary'
of Defense power to discharge any em-
ployee of the National Security Agency
with no hearing' whenever the Secretary'
deems it "in the interest ,of the United
States." The other, H.H, 11363 would
establish an industrial, security program.
Though it would provide for hearing pro-
cedures, nevertheless, confrontation and
cross-examination procedures could be
eliminated "for reasons determined by
the Secretary to be good and sufficient."
Though I have many doubts about the
wisdom of H.R. 12082, I have voted for
this legislation in the belief that the Na-
tional Security Agency is what might be
termed a "hypersensitive" Government
agency. Its subject matter is extremely
delicate and men who w9rk in the NSA
take on special obligations. I "feel it is
fair to provide procedures comparable to
the CIA and AEC in this Agency, al-
though it could be argued that in all of
these agencies some reforms might be in
order. Since no one is obliged to take,
work in this specialized Agency, and since'
it is best to err on the side of caution'
in this area of national security, I be
lieve the bill should be supported.
However, H.R. 11363 is another matter.
This bill does not affect Government
agencies. It is not concerned with a
specialized group of security experts.
Rather it deals with the daily work of 5
18875
few informers at the expense of the job lvfoscow's direct or indirect domination.
security and freedom of millions of
workers is to move away from the tradi-
tions of American democracy which have
distinguished us from Communist states
and, indeed, all totalitarian societies.
- f1`~
REPLY TO KHRUSHCHEV ON CUBA-
A SPECIAL HOUSE COMMITTEE ON
CAPTIVE NATIONS
.(Mr. FLOOD (at the request of Mr.
GONZALEZ) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, in all the
comments made about Cuba today it is
strange, indeed, that few characterize it
for what it has been for some time-a
captive nation. In both the 1961 and
1962 Captive Nations Week observances
the captive status of Cuba was empha-
sized, and many in this country thought
this was a gross exaggeration. Amer-
icans of Cuban background participated
in these observances in Chicago, New
York, Washington, and elsewhere, and
many could not understand the meaning
of their presence. Last year and this,
calls for specific and positive action
toward Cuba were sounded during these
observances-calls for a complete block-
ade, recognition of a government-in-
exile, and the formation of a free Cuban
liberation army-but logic and foresight
have had to await the pressures of reality
and the gradual takeover of Cuba by im-
perialist Moscow.
million private employees. It would per- A SOLID REPLY TO KHRUSHCHEV
mit the Secretary of Defense to effec- Cuba is indeed a captive nation. This
tively wipe out due process rights of all' we are witnessing daily now. The re-
the employees in industry and education' sources of other captive nations in East-
who come under this program. ern Europe and Asia are being steadily
If this bill were,passed access to in-' employed to buttress Cuba's captivity
formation could be denied to millions of and, as so often in the past, to consoli-
men because of an informer's testimony. date a base for Moscow's expansion in
They would have no way to prove they' the rest of Latin America. Moscow has
are above suspicion. The stigma of not' succeeded in bringing the reality of a
being allowed to use information is very' captive nation to our very doorstep.
great. In many cases it determines Cuba, situated close to the bastion of the
whether a man work or not. No man' free world, has become an integral part
should be put into a position where of the captive world-a truth that many
another may wreck his career or cost' Americans are just now beginning to
him his job without allowing him the recognize.
right of cross-examination. ` Mr. Speaker, there is one solid reply
I realize that this bill is brought be- that this Chamber can make to Khru-
fore us in order to protect secret in- shchev's threats about Cuba, and that
formers. However, the committee re-' is to create now and quickly a special
port on this bill indicates that in 800 House Committee on Captive Nations.
plant-security cases since 1960, it has Moscow would want us to continue to
only been necessary to conceal the in- think in piecemeal fashion, to fail to
former 11 times. In my opinion the understand Cuba as a member of the
right of the individual to a fair pro- growing family of captive nations, and
cedure is more important that the loss of to overlook the enormous cold war possi-
anonymity of a few informers whose bilities suggested by a truthful linking
names Would be madepublic if the right of Cuba with the captive nations in Eu-
rope and Asia. We can circumvent this
Soviet Russian objective by establishing
future case. Ilt4 see ctha we lose '-this special committee.
Clonalanything of security, im but w w ?ta nnoe e preserve of much
uch Since Congress legislated the Captive
that is important to our free way of life Nations Week resolution in 1959, there
in sharp distinction to practices in po- has been a mushroom growth of evidence
lice states which this legislation would, that clearly proves how sensitive and
in this respect, seek to emulate. } Moscow is to any free-world con-
thed`vneualtl}e r is that care his do notl on the captive nations. We
eed to counter-threaten Mos-.
guarantee to freedom should be opposed. cow; all that is required at this stage is
To approve legislation which bends over to launch a serious full-scale investiga-
backward to preserve the secrecy of a tion into all of the captive nations under
This alone would mirror the predomi-
nant weakness of Moscow's empire. This
alone would be capable of demonstrating
to the world Moscow's profound weak-
ness and insecurity.
THE 1962 WEEK AND A SPECIAL COMMITTEE
The 1962 Captive Nations Week ob-
servance highlighted the necessity for a
Special House Committee on the Captive
Nations. Many of my colleagues, both
Democratic and Republican, have intro-
duced into the RECORD much data about
this highly successful event. I wish to
augment this evidence by inserting the
proclamation issued by Governor Law-
rence, of Pennsylvania, the proclamation
of the commissioners of the county of
Allegheny, Pa., the Pittsburgh program
of Captive Nations Week, the fine reso-
lutions passed by the Pittsburgh assem-
bly, and the report in the July 16 issue
of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette on
'U.S.S.R. Called a Gant With Feet of
Clay "
With fitting tribute paid to Commis-
sioner John E. McGrady and Mr.
Michael Komichak, respective chairman
and secretary of the Captive Nations
Committee of Allegheny County, whose
leadership and work made the Pittsburgh
observance one of the best in the country,
I request that this material be printed
in the RECORD.
In addition, for those who think we
cannot place Moscow under heavy cold
war pressure, I need just cite one ex-
ample for the RECORD, that of the cruel
and prolonged imprisonment of Metro-
politan Joseph Slipy of the genocided
Ukrainian Catholic Church in the
U.S.S.R. I request that the sermon de-
livered by Richard Cardinal Cushing on
"A Prelate Under Red Coexistence," as
published in the June 7 issue of America
and the Pastoral Letter of the Ukrainian
Catholic Hierarchy of the free world. also
be printed in the RECORD in support of
my remarks:
PCOCLAMATION: CAPTIVE NATION'S WEEK-
JULY 15 THROUGH 21, 1962
Whereas the Senate and the House of
Representatives of the United States of
America has, by resolution, requested and
States to designate the week of July 15
through 21, 1962, as Captive Nations Week;
and
Whereas the President of the United States
has, by such proclamation, invited the peo-
ple of the United States to observe such week
with the appropriate ceremonies and activi-
ties; and
Whereas the citizens of the Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania are fully aware and
grieve of the plight of those made captive
under the heavy yoke of Russian commu-
nism; and
Whereas it is deemed appropriate to call
for a public observance of this occasion so
that our knowledge and sympathies may be
declared: Now, therefore,
I, David L. Lawrence, Governor of the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania, do hereby des-
ignate the" week beginning, July 15, 1962, as
Captive Nations Week. I invite all Pennsyl-
vanians to observe this occasion with ap-
propriate activity so that all may be made
aware of the _ unfortunate status of those
enslaved behind the Iron Curtain and to
reaffirm our determination to keep our Na-
tion free to help others obtain equal
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 19
. Given under my hand and th.e great seal STATEMENTS CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-RESOLUTION IV
of the State, at the city of Harrisburg, this Yugoslavs: State Senator Leonard C. Whereas the greatest fear held by the lead-
9th day of July 1962, and of the Common- Staisey. ers of international communism is that the
DAVID L.'LAWLENCE,
Governor.
S'ecretar o the Comm onwealth.
y of Ukrainians: Dr. Peter Stercho, St. Vincent's
PROCLAMATION College.
"Whereas by a joint resolution of the Con- CAPTIVE IcATIONS WEEK-RESOLUTION I
gress of the United States the third week of Whereas the 1 billion captives in the
July has been designated as 'Captive Nations_ Eurasian empire of Moscow and Peiping are
Week % and suffering frcm undernourishment, and in
"Wherea"s the people of the county of Al-
legheny are linked to the captive nations
through bonds of family, religion. and the be-
lief in democratic principles; and
"Whereas these nations have been made
captive by the imperialistic, aggressive and
heartless policies of Soviet Russia, which
have deprived them of their national inde-
pendence end individual liberties; and
"Whereas it is in the American tradition
to advocate the dignity of man, his freedom
from tyranny and his right to self-determina-
tion of the form of government he prefers,
"Now, therefore, we, the commissioners of
the county of Allegheny, do hereby desig-
nate the week beginning July 16, 1962, as
'Captive Nations Week.'
"We urge the people of Allegheny County
to join with the Captive Nations Committee
of Allegheny County in observing the plight
of. the Communist-dominated nations and
in the Support of the just aspirations of the
people of the captive nations.
"We especially encourage everyone to mani-
fest his o: her interest in. the people im-
prisoned In the captive nations by their
attendance at the civic observance of the
Captive Nations Week to be held at Kenny
wood Part: on Sunday afternoon, July 15,
1962, at 5 p.m., eastern daylight Having time.
I, Murray W. Snyder, chief clerk for the
Board of County Commf.ssiouers of the
County of Allegheny, Pa., do hereby certify
the foregoing to be a true and correct copy
of a certain proclamation duly adopted by
said board at a special meeting; thereof duly
held on the 11th day of July, 1962, as the
same appears in the minutes of said meeting
duly recorded in said board's minute book
volume 48,
Witness my hand and the sear of said
county of Allegheny heretc affixed this 11th
MURRAY W. SNYDER,
Chief Clerk.
CAPTIVE NATIONS Con rn'l EE
Or ALLEGHENY COUNTY,
Hungarians: Attorney Bill Karlowitz, Mrs.
Louis Smith.
Lithuanian s: Attorney Stanley Simon.
Polish: Weace Dolegowski.
some instances starvation, because of the
inability of the so-called Communist econ-
omies to feed adequately the captive peo-
ples; and
Whereas the food capability of the U.S.
economy exceeds that of all "Communist
economies" combined: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, therefore, That the U.S. Govern-
ment offer food to any of the captive peo-
ples, both within and outside the U.S.S.R.
and China, provided it is stamped "Food
for Freedom' and is distributed by the In-
ternational Red Cross.
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-RESOLUTION II
Whereas the Allied nations, through their
representatives, adopted the Atlantic Char-
ter in which they proclaimed that they "de-
sire to see no territorial changes that do
not- accord with the freely expressed -wishes
of the people concerned;" and
Whereas the signatory nations to the At-
lantic Charter "respect the right of all peo-
ples to choose the form ofgovernment un-
der which t:aey will live; and they wish to
see sovereign rights and self government re-
stored to those who have been forcibly de-
prived of them;" and
Whereas the Atlantic Charter guaranteed
the four freedoms to all populations of the
world; and
Whereas Russia was one of the nations ac-
cepting the Atlantic Charter, but has since
repudiated her commitments and enslaved
over a score of nations against the wishes
of their peoples: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the representatives of the
captive nations here assembled, That the
principles a' the Atlantic Charter be reaf-
firmed, and that the Government of the
United States be respectfully requested to
repronounce its adherence to the Atlantic
Charter and thus give hope and confidence
to the peoples of the captive nations for
their peaceful liberation from Communist
tyranny.
CAPTIVE 11FATIONS' OBSERVANCE, KENNYWOOD Whereas the captive nations, including
PARK, SUNDAY, JULY 15, 19(12, 5 P.M. those once independent nations in the so-
Parade, park to stage, 4:5U p.m.: U.S: called U.S.S.R., were suppressed by fraud,
Marine Corps; color guard and: captive na- violence, and brute military force of Soviet
Russian imperialism, and are being denied
'lions flags.
"Star-Spangled Banner"; Robert Spikula; their freedom and independence, and
accompanist, Michael E. Darkoch. Whereas since 1920 Soviet Russia has ex-
Pledge of Allegiance: Laszlo Pastor, former tended its control over 18 countries, while
ITungariars freedom fighter. since 1945 over 40 :nations have won their
Invocation: Bishop John J. Wright, independence from Western colonial control:
Introduction of Michael l omichak: Master Now, therefore, be it
of ceremonies, Commissioner John E. Mc- Resolved, That the United Nations General
Grady. Assembly debate the issue of Soviet Russian
Reading; of proclamations: Judge Ruggero colonialism which, through such deceiving
J. Aldisert. entities as "constituent republics" and "peo-
Address: Gov. David L. Lawrence, pies' democracies", As waging a policy of
Introduction of honored guests. ruthless colonialism; be it further
Main address: Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky. Resolved, That the United Nations Insist
Reading; of resolutions: Judge John G. on the withdrawal of Soviet Russian troops
Brosky. from all occupied territories to within the
Remarks: State Senator Leonard C. Staisey. ethnographic boundaries of Russia proper
Benediction: Rev. Basil Gregory. and that free and `unfettered elections be
Folk songs and dances. held In all the capalve nations.
people of the free world will awaken to the
true nature of the vast empire which they
have established by subversion, terror, and
armed aggression; and
Whereas it is imperative that the African
and Latin American countries be made aware
of the traditional imperialism and coloni-
alism of Moscow; Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That a permanent Committee on
the Captive Nations be established in the
House of Representatives to study the plight
of the captive nations and thus bring to the
attention of the uncommitted nations, and
those on the verge of committing themselves
in favor of communism, the consequences of
Communist alinement.
[From the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 16,
1962]
U.S.S.R. CALLED A GIANT WITH FEET OF
CLAY-CAPTIVE NATIONS COMMITTEE
LEADER, HERE FOR FREEDOM RALLY, HITS
RED MYTH
The U.S.S.R. is a giant with feet of clay
that will crumble through truth, an expert
on communism and the Soviet Union said
here yesterday.
Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, chairman of Na-
tional Captive Nations Committee and origi-
nator of the Captive Nations Week resolu-
tion passed by Congress, gave his views in an
interview before speaking at a freedom rally
in Kennywood Park.
Dr. Dobriansky said that one of the chief
deceits about Russia is "the myth of Soviet
unity." Within the U.S.S.R., he said, are 15
non-Russian "captive" nations with a popu-
lation of 114 million.
NINETY-SIX MILLION POPULATION
Russia itself, according to Dr. Dobriansky
has a population of only 96 million.
These captive nations are not the ones
Americans usually think of as being cap-
tive-Yugoslavia, Hungary or Bulgaria.
Instead they bear the exotic and relatively
unknown names of Kazakh (9.3 million),
Idel-Ural (15 million) or Uzbek (8.1 mil-
lion).
One of Dr. Dobriansky's purposes Is to
make these and the other names household
words.
MUST EXPLODE MYTH
"We must build up the image of the
United States and explode the myth of Soviet
unity," he said.
One way he attempted to do this was
through the formation of the National Cap-
tive Nations Committee.
"This and the Captive Nations Week res-
olution are the structural apparatus," he
said. The next step, he believes will come
with the establishment of a Freedom Com-
mittee in Congress.
The Freedom Committee, which is now
being studied by the Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, could be the forerunner of
a Freedom Academy.
SIMILAR TO WAR COLLEGE
The Academy, Dr. Dobriansky said, would
be similar to the War College, where men
from different levels and fields would train
for a year in psychopolitical warfare.
Dr. Dobriansky also remarked that the
Captive Nations Week being observed in this
country this week is having a counterpart
observance in Formosa and . the offshore
islands of Quemoy and Matsu.
Dr. Dobriansky spoke on Quemoy Island
last January in answer to an invitation by
Chiang Kai-shek. In addition to his work
with captive nations, Dr. Dobriansky is an
associate professor of economics at George-
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1362
town University and a staff member of
Georgetown's Institute of Ethnic Studies.
LAWRENCE SPEAKS
Governor Lawrence also spoke at the
Kennywood rally,. which was sponsored by
the Captive Nations Committee of Allegheny
County.
Lawrence, in speaking of countries who
are not free, said;
"It is to these people that we turn our
hearts and our' hands today; it is to them
that we Offer our hope; it is for them that
we offer our prayers and our pledge to our
own country."
[From America, June 7, 1962]
A PRELATE UNDER RED COEXISTENCE
(Sermon delivered by Richard Cardinal
Cushing at a Solemn Pontifical Mass of the
Byzantine Rite in the Basilica of Our Lady
of Perpetual Help Mission Church, Roxbury,
Mass., on May 6, in honor of the 70th birth-
day of Metropolitan Joseph Slipy.)
The.native land of the Ukrainians is locat-
ed in southeastern Europe. `Centuries ago it
was a powerful state, rich in history and tra-
ditions with a population of about 50 million.
Constant wars of aggression by foreign ene-
mies weakened the nation but never killed
the spirit, of patriotism that ' inspired its
people.
Before the year 1000 Christianity under the
Byzantine rite was embraced by the Ukrain-
ians. The schism of the 11th century that
divided the East from the West separated the
church from the Iioly See. ' Five hundred
years later, in the year 1595, some of the
..Ukrainian bishops' and priests and a large
group of the laity were, reunited with the
Holy See. Retaining their liturgy and reli-
gious customs they became a stronghold of
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
wealthy parents, he distinguished himself as
a seminarian and a priest for scholarship and
piety. Linguist, theologian, editor, rector of
a seminary, lecturer, authority on art and
literature, he became the pride and joy of
his people. It was no surprise, therefore,
,that, when Metropolitan Sheptitsky, as he
advanced in years and ill health, requested
the Holy See to appoint Father Slipy as his
coadjutor bishop with the right to succeed
him. On November 25, 1939, he became an
archbishop and later succeeded his metro-
politan. Before long his long "way of the
cross" began. In the war between Germany
and Russia he suffered a foretaste of what
was to come.
He was marked for death which he awaited
with patience after suffering one humiliation
after another. But his choice of suffering
was to be filled with greater and more severe
persecution. In 1944, on All Saints Day,
Metropolitan Andrew Sheptitsky died and
his faithful coadjutor archbishop succeeded
him. A few months of peace followed and
then the Bolshevik forces began the liquida-
tion of the Ukrainian Catholic Church.
'They first assailed in booklet form the char-
acter of the former metropolitan. But the
late Pope Pius XII put the lie on that docu-
ment when in later years he wrote: "The
memory of Metropolitan Sheptitsky is for-
ever a blessing for the Catholic Church. It
will safeguard the memory of his fervent zeal
for souls and of his constant courage in the
defense of his country."
In. 1945 shortly after the blasphemous at-
tack on the former metropolitan, the Soviets
arrested Archbishop Slipy and many other
Ukrainian bishops. That was the beginning
of a cruel passiontide in his life which has
continued to'the present day. Hard labor
was assigned- to him in a Siberian prison and
the faith of their forefathers and one of the sentence after sentence was pronounced
most precious jewels of the universal church. 'against him on false charges save one-he
The faith of the people prospered. The refused again and again to break relations
nation , eventually became independent but with the Holy See and to subject the Ukrain-
lost its freedom 2 years-later, in the year ian Catholics to the allegiance to the Soviet
1920. Within 20 years the church of this State.
great nation suffered religious persecution at In 1957 while still a helpless, emaciated
the bloody hands of the Soviet power. By prisoner he commemorated his 40th anni-
the year, 1945 all the bishops and priests were versary in the holy priesthood. The event
arrested, moved to Moscow and subjected to was observed throughout the world from the
persecution until some 7 million Ukrainian Pope to the humblest member of his flock.
Catholics were forced into the Russian Or- His anniversary, however, was celebrated
thodox Church to be used as tools for the con- without external manifestation lest the
quests of communism. But doomed to aging archbishop would be subjected to
death-the Ukrainian Church was fated not greater suffering. Seventeen of those 40
to die. years in the priesthood have been spent in
Even today amid the shadow of the Iron prison.
Curtain priests secretly serve their people In the long history of the church there
who amidst constant threats of persecution are few if any confessors and martyrs of the
and death cherish and practice to the best faith who can .surpass that record. In the
of their ability, the faith of their fathers. early church Christians were thrown to the
Priests are being ordained and bishops con- lions, tortured, starved, crucified and burned
secreted.. Thus the Ukrainian Church still at the stake. But these tortures were of
lives although it is a "church in silence" brief duration, in comparison to the pro-
awaiting the day when the Iron Curtain will longed imprisonment with its accompany-
be lifted and freedom, of speech, assembly, ing tortures of mind and body to which
and religion will once again be possible. A"chbishop Slipy has been subjected, for
When that day dawns, and sooner or later it almost one-half of his entire priesthood of
will dawn, for injustice and slavery, persecu- 40 years.
tion and treachery ' can last for awhile and In ourday we can recall Cardinal Stepinac
only awhile-ln the end truth, justice-God of Yugoslavia and Cardinal Mindzenty of
will prevail-then the hundreds of thousands Hungary with other priests, prelates and lay
of Catholics. of Ukrainian origin now wor- Catholics who Suffered from the cruel torture
shipping in almost 200 parishes, in 3 of communism. But few, if any, survived
dioceses, with about 300 priests will extend the long imprisonment of Archbishop Slipy,
the Catholic Church of Ukraine shall arise
from the tomb and enjoy a triumphant
resurrection.
Symbolic of the passiontide and crucifixion
of the church in his country is the living
martyr of the Ukrainian Catholic Church,'
Metropolitan Joseph Slipy, whose 70th birth-
day we are cornmemorating this afternoon.
What manner of churchman is this man
of God? He is a scholar"of great renown.
He is one of the great confessors of the faith
18877
as their 'supreme head in place of the vicar
of Christ, the bishop of Rome, the sovereign
pontiff of the universal church. The once-
flourishing dioceses of the Ukrainian Catho-
lic Church have been liquidated. Almost
5,000 churches and chapels and 200 religious
houses have been desecrated. The bishops
that once inspired, instructed and guided
the Catholic people have been exiled or im-
prisoned. Only one remains as a.living sym-
bol of the Ukrainian unit of the mystical
body of Christ, that was doomed to death
by communism, but fated not to die.
Behold the Man of God. Another Christ,
still erect, still persevering in his divine vo-
cation, still carrying on although worn and
wasted at the,. age of 70, more than 17 years
in prison, subsisting on little nourishment,
suffering all kinds of indignities, praying and
uniting his agony with that of Christ Him-
self-and all because he would not deny the
faith of his fathers, of his priests, and peo-
ple and their fidelity to the Apostolic See.
Saddened though we are by the pitiable
state to which this spiritual giant has been
reduced, we are forced out of our compla-
cency and apathy by his extraordinary exam-
ple to cry out to all those who follow the
communistic line or who think we can co-
exist with an atheistic plot to dominate the
world: Behold the Ukrainians of whom
Archbishop Slipy is a symbol, behold Hun-
gary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, China, Rus-
sia itself and learn at last that we cannot
trust a regime rooted in atheism, propaga-
ting a false economic, social, and political or-
der bent on the conquest of the world. Un-
less and until the Ukrainian people and their
shepherd, Archbishop Slipy, are permitted
their God-given right to worship God in
truth and in charity and unless all people
behind the curtains of communism can re-
gain the freedom to do likewise, then com-
munism remains what it has always been-
an intrinsic evil that by prayer, sacrifice,
and dedication to the supernatural order
must be wiped from the face of this earth.
Meanwhile, we pray today for Archbishop
Slipy, one of the greatest confessors of faith
since the dawn of Christianity, and for all
others, crushed by the tyranny of commu-
nism, of whom he is the symbol.
PASTORAL LETTER OF THE UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC
HIERARCHY OF THE FREE WORLD, ON THE
OCCASION OF THE 70TH BIRTHDAY OF HIS
EXCELLENCY, THE MOST REVEREND JOSEPH
SLIPY, METROPOLITAN OF HALYCH AND
ARCHBISHOP OF Lviw
(Maxims Hermaniuk, CSSR, D.D., arch-
bishop of Winnipeg and metropolitan of
Ukrainian Catholics in Canada; Ambrose
Senyshyn, OSBM, D.D., archbishop of Phila-
delphia and metropolitan of Ukrainian Cath-
olics in the United States; John Buczko, D.D.,
archbishop of Leucadia and apostolic visita-
tor for Ukrainians of Western Europe; Neil
Savaryn, OSBM, D.D., bishop of Edmonton,
Canada; Isidore Borecky, D.D., bishop of To-
ronto, Canada; Andrew Roborecki, D.D., bish-
op of Saskatoon, Canada; Joseph M. Schmon-
diuk, D.D., bishop of Stamford, United States;
Jaroslav Gabro, D.D., bishop of Chicago,
United States; John Prashko, D.D., apostolic
exarch for Ukrainian Catholics in Australia;
Platon Kornyijak, D.D., apostolic exarch for
Ukrainian Catholics in (4rmany; Vnlndimir
before his death and died a free man. Mind- Ukrainian Catholics in France; Joseph Mar-
tinets, OSBM, D.D., auxiliary for Ukrainian
American consulate in Budapest. But the Catholics in Brazil; Andrew Sapelak, SDB,
great archbishop of the Ukrainians still sur-
vives as prisoner of the Communist regime D.D., apostolic visitator for Ukrainian Cath-
that
olics in Argentina; Augustine Hornyak,
that since, 1945 has reduced the Ukrainian OSBM, D.D., auxiliary for Ukrainian Cath-
Catholic Church to the sorrowful plight of olics in England.)
the "Church of the Catacombs." More than
2,000 diocesan priests and religious have been To the very reverend and reverend clergy,
arrested and deported to slave labor camps the venerable members of the religious com-
because they refused to acknowledge the munities, and the faithful, peace in the Lord
patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church and episcopal blessings. "I am the good
 18878
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
shepherd, The good shepherd giveth his
life for his sheep"-John 10: 11.
Very reverend and reverencC_fathers,. re-
ligious, and dear brethren in Christ who re-
side in the free world, a waxy significant an-
niversary in the history of our church is the
occasion :for this jointly Issued pastoral let-
ter to you, dearly beloved in Christ. - fin the
17th day of February of this year', 1962, oc-
curs the'70th birthday of our metropolitan
and head of the Ukrainian Caj:.llolle Church.
in Ukraine-the Most Reverend;joseph Slipy.
The anniversary cannot be observed by him
in hit owni Cathedral of Saint George in Lviw.
It will nct be noted in liberty, but rather in
exile in'a cold Siberian dungeon. Our hearts
are pained when we dwell upon the great
tragedy which our Ukrainian ration suffers
with our church in Europe and with its
highest ecclesiastic, Metropolitan Joseph
Slipy. The soul of every Ukrainian cannot
help but be profoundly moved by the per-
sonal misfortune of Metropolitan Slipy as an
individual deprived unjustly by a godless
government of his ecclesiastical dignity, of
personal ;freedom, of the rights fundamental
to each human being, and as an individual
who in no way has committed an act con-
trary to the discipline of the' law. Metro--
politan Joseph Slipy suffers simply because
he has remained steadfast to his God, to his
church, and to its Supreme Pontiff, the suc-
cessor to Saint Peter, the Holy Father, Pope
of Rgmc; and because of his Immeasurable
love for his people. _ This very loyalty to the
most high, to the Apostolic See, to church
and country, and this sacrifice on his . part
become for us a sacred trust, and a. source
of great pride, pride in the fact that our
church is headed by such a godly man who
has not su.Irrendered to the power of evil, but
who has remained faithful with the help
of divine grace to the holy i.deal;i for which he
dedicated himself in his youth, and for which
he offers himself to Christ ever;r day he`lives.
Verily can Metropolitan Slips repeat the
words of Saint Paul in his epistle to the
Galatians: "With Christ I am nailgd. to the
Bross. And I live, now not ]:: but, Christ-.
liveth in me. And that l limos noon in the
flesh: I live in the faith of the Son of God.
who.loved me and delivered hinsselt for me"
(Galatians 2: 19-20).
METROPOLITAN JOSEPH SUPT PREPARATtorr FOR
AND DEDICATION TO GOD., OUWLOf, AND PRO-
Pig
As eari]f as in his youth, Joseph Slipy, the
son of wealthy parents of the Podllya region
(Western Ukraine), distinguished himself
with his outstanding abilities, industry and
piety. Though he had the o oportunity to
study any secular profession, alter complet-
Ing his gymnasium studies a, Tern.opil in
1911 with honors, the youtt4 enrolled. in
theological courses at the seminary in Lviw
In order that hh+might serve the Lord.,' Per--_
ceiving the very desirable characteristics of
spirit and intellect in the young student,
Metropolitan Andrey Sheptitsky sent him
for advanced studies to Innsbruck, from
which In 1918 he received a: doctorate in
theology. In the same university, he wrote
in German in 1923 a thesis on The Teach-
ings of the Byzantine Palriarfh Photius on
the Holy Trinity." Beside+r theological
studies, the Reverend Slipy broadened his
studies in philosophy, philoloe;y and art on
the university level. From 1920 and on he
matriculated at these un.iver,ttiea: Grego-
rianum, Angelicuet. Oriental Institute in
Rome. lifter completing a dissertation in
Latin about the Holy Trinity, he received
from Gregorianum the degree of "magister
agregatus." During. the course of his edu-
cation he perfected his knowledge of the clas-
Italian, Russian and English. All these
subjects were attended to with diligence
and proved to be a suitable preparation for
his labors in Christ's vineyard, particularly
in those departments in which the Church
had most reed-in the training of as many
as possible highly educated candidates for
the priesthood and the development of the-
ological studies, especially in those, branches
which were important for better mutual un-
derstanding between East and West.
METROPOLITAN SLIPY-THEOLOGIAN, ORGANIZER,
AND AUTHOR
After thf,. thorough preparation, the young
scholar retirned to his archdiocese where
he was assigned in 1922 by Metropolitan
Sheptitsky to be professor of dogmatics at
the theological branch of the Seminary of
Lviw. In the following year he became
one of the organizers of the Scientific Theo-
logical Society, founded the theological quar-
terly "Bohosloviya" (theology), and became
its chief editor-an office he kept until the
publication was liquidated by the bolsheviks.
The society and publication as well as his
teaching became his principal occupations;
and in great measure these contributed to
theprogresi. of the theological studies of our
priesthood, as well as to the Catholic Church
in general.
In.1926 Metropolitan Sheptitsky appointed
the eminent theologian and outstanding or-
ganizer, Father Slipy, to be the rector of the
seminary; and the Scientific Theological So-
ciety chose him to be their presiding officer.
In both positions he proved to be truly a
man of, great learning as well as an inde-
fatigable laborer for the welfare of his
church anc people. For his distinguished
services in education, the oldest Ukrainian
intellectual organization, the Shevchenko
Scientific Society, selected him in 1930 to
become a member. Meanwhile in 1928 he was
assigned by Metropolitan Sheptitsky the task
of organizing a theological academy along
the lines of the universities of Western Eu-
rope; and he was appointed by the Metro-
politan to be its first rector, an office which
still more manifested his tremendous peda-
gogical and organizational skills. Both
prior to this new post and during it he also
undertook frequent journeys to Western Eu-
ropean countries where he visited Catholic
educational institutions, observed their pro-
cedures and systems, and then introduced
their strongest points into the theological
academy. His last such trip was to England
In 1935.
In addition, from 1929 and on, he was the
coeditor of Niva (the Soil), a monthly organ
for clergy. Besides that he was cowriter of
the Velehrad Acts plus other domestic and
foreign publications which dealt with the-
ology and unity problems.
Church unity was always a subject that
interested him and his predecessor, Metro-
politan Sheptitsky. Father Rector Slipy con-
tinually participated in unity meetings such
as those held at Velehrad, Prague, and Pinsk.
There he delivered his lectures. In addition
he organized and presided over a similar
gathering held at Lviw. Following the ex-
ample of Metropolitan Sheptitsky he main-
tained friendly relations with our orthodox
brethren w:to in a similar manner were in-
terested in the return to unity and who
studied the causes of church disharmony.
Another interest that Father Slipy had
was that of looking for and collecting old
specimens of liturgical art, decoration, and
print. Frequently such precious articles
were to be fbund in the churches and homes
of Halychyna (western Ukraine). He ac-
quired many such treasures and presented
them for permanence and safekeeping to the
museum at the Seminary of Lviw. The mu-
seum was established and supervised by hart.
September X_9
In the midst of his energetic labors, wide-
spread. interests, and great plans for the ex-
pansion of the theological academy into a
full Catholic university came World War II.
METROPOLITAN SLIPY AS CONFESSOR
In 1939 during the Bolshevik occupation,
Metropolitan Sheptitsky, poor in health and
advanced in years, requested that the Holy
See grant him an auxiliary bishop with co-
adjutor rights. For this office he suggested
Rev. Rector Slipy to be the best candidate,
for Metropolitan Sheptitsky highly regarded
his close coworker for his deep piety, ardu-
ous labors, organizational ability, and broad
erudition. On November 25, 1939, the
apostolic see nominated Father Rector Slipy
archbishop with the right to succession of
the archdiocese and metropolitan see of
Halych.
The archepiscopal consecration was ob-
served secretly in the metropolitan's private
chapel on the Feast of the Immaculate Con-
ception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (accord-
ing to the Julian Calendar), December 22,
1939. The consecrators were their excellen-
cies, Metropolitan Sheptitsky, Bishop Ni-
cethas Budka, and Bishop Nicholas Charnet-
sky. The circumstances of this event were
indicative of the great cross divine provi-
dence was placing upon the shoulders of
Archbishop Slipy. Of this he .was fully,
aware. The road to Calvary began for him-
with the very first occupation of Halychyna
and almost ended with the retreat of the
Bolsheviks during the German-Russian
battles. Miraculously he was rescued from
being shot. "The NXVD's tore off my
cassock. We made an act of contrition and
awaited death," wrote the archbishop.
The Lord, however, had prepared for hint
a full chalice which was not to be drained
then and which brims over to the present,
day. After the death of Metropolitan An-
drey Sheptitsky on November 1, 1944, Arch-
bishop Joseph Slipy assumed his duties ix
the Metropolitan See of Halych with the
consent of the Apostolic See. For a few
months it was a time of waiting; but quickly
the godless forces began their attacks upon
the Ukrainian Catholic Church. They were
set off with a disgraceful brochure which
maligned the late Metropolitan Sheptitsky
whose memory was highly regarded and about
whom Pope Pius XII said in 1952: "His mem-
ory will become forever a blessing in Christ's
Church, which will safeguard the memory
of his fervent zeal for the salvation of
souls and of his constant courage in the
defense of this nation." (A.AS. v. XLIY
1952, p. 877.)
Shortly after the appearance of this
printed slander (April 6, 1945), the Soviets
arrested Metropolitan Slipy on April 11, 1945
together with all the other bishops of the
Province of Halych: Bishop Gregory Khromy-
shyn, Bishop John Latyshevsky, Bishop
Nicholas Charnetsky, C.S.S.R.. and Bishop
Nykyta Budka. aLter on Bishop Josaphat
Kocylowsky, O.S.B.M. and Bishop Gregory
Lakota were also. imprisoned. Of these in-
cidents the supreme pontiff, Pope Pius XII
wrote in his encyclical, "Orfentales Ecclesias`
of December 15, 1952: "We sadly turn our
thoughts and affection to another people,
truly dear to us; namely, to the people of
Ukraine, among whom are not a few of the
faithful, who look toward Rome with im-
mense desire and earnest love, and venerate
this Apostolic See as the center of Chris-
tianity. and as the infallible teacher of
Christian truth by reason of the mandate
of Jesus Christ. This people, nevertheless,
as we have learned with overwhelming grief,
are oppressed in no smaller degree with
persecution and find themselves already for
some time in a situation no less grave than
the other peoples. In a special way we
would recall the memory of those bishops
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1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 18879
of the oriental rite, who were among the the midst of your suffering. We know that And all of us, dearly beloved, having
first in the defense of their religion to en-, upon the completion of 18 years of the priest- greeted our most venerable jubilarlan on his
dure hardship, affliction and outrage; who,' hood you accepted and zealously fulfilled your 70th anniversary with best wishes, let us
transported to the city of Kiev, were there pastoral service in the Lviw Eparchy, first unite with him in those heartfelt feelings
t
i
d
d
m
d t
io
i
h
d
a
r
e
an
con
e
ne
o v
r
s
-
us pun
ments-in the city of Kiev, we say, whence'
once shone forth throughout all those'
regions the. light of Christian doctrine, and
whence Christian worship was ,propagated.
Some of these have already met a glorious
death, and so, as one may hope, from the
abode of heavenly blessedness, which they'
enjoy, lovingly look down upon their sons
and their companions in their unarmed
struggled, and implore for them the all-'
powerful protection of God." in March 1946'
at Kiev Metropolitan Slipy was sentenced
for a term of 8 years to a prison in the
Siberian wastelands.
GOLGOTH4 Or METROPOLITAN SLIPY
We do not know in cl tail what trials and
terrors Metropolitan Slipy has had to en-
dure. For many years nothing was heard
of or from him. About 10 years ago there
was a rumor-most likely one released by'
the Soviet regime itself-that he had died.,
But later this was learned to be false; and'
information came that he was alive, had
been sent to hard, labor, yet maintained a'
spirit of fortitude and even uplifted those
suffering with him. It was hoped that after
serving his 8-year sentence he would be
released from prison in 1954. But this did
not come to pass. News came of his being
tried again, in Moscow, then later in Kiev
where he was tried and sentenced anew for
so-called crimes against the Muscovite gov-
ernment, The government demanded that
he make a public break froth the Holy See
of Rome and transfer his allegiance to Soviet
Orthodoxy. In fact he was diabolically
tempted-as was Jesus Christ tempted by
diabolical cunning-with various high posi-
tions, on condition that he merely reject his
Catholic, Church. Neither tortures, a triple
sentence, nor imprisonment have forced him
to deny his faith-an act which'would very,
much please the Soviet regime. As did Saint
Paul and the early martyrs and confessors,
so does he bear all: "In all things we suffer
tribulation, but are not distressed, We .are
straightened: but are not destitute. We
suffer persecution: but are not forsaken. We
are cast down: but we perish not. For we
who live are always delivered unto death
for Jesus' sake: that the life also of Jesus
may be manifest in our mortal flesh" (2
Corinthians 4: 8-9, 11).
During the next 7-year term in imprison-
ment in Siberia, specifically in 1957, the 40th
anniversary of Metropolitan Slipy's priest-
hood occurred. The, Ukrainian Catholic
faithful in the free world decided to keep
from public notice their feelings lest any
demonstration or statement increase the
trials he had to bear in slavery. The event
was observed in quiet prayer for his inten-
tion. However, the Holy Father, Pope Pius
XII, desired to express his paternal solici-
tncle and regard for the metropolitan-martyr.
On Christmas of 1957 His Holiness released
an, apostolic statement with greetings, good
wishes,. and blessing to "venerable brother,
Joseph Slipy, metropolitan of Halych, arch-
bishop of Lviw, bishop of Kamyanets from
Pope Pius XII, venerable brother, greetings
and apostolic blessings,
"The 40th anniygrsary of your priesthood
which recently occurred gives us the oppor-
tunity,to express to you our love and respect
and otitr cC rsr to .comfort you in exile in
r= r ;:
x Regarding additional - bishops: in 1947
the Communists murdered Bishop Theodore
Romza of UzhQrod, Carpathian Ukraine; in
1950 Bishops Paul, Gojdich, O.S.B.M. and
Basil Ropko of Pryashiv, Czechoslovakia, were
imprisoned. In 1951 Bishop Gojdich was
condemned to forced labor for life; Bishop
Hopko is in a concentration camp.
sion with the consent of the archbishop
ordinary. Because of your fidelity to this
Apostolic See you were sentenced to imprison-
ment and thus forced to leave your faithful
flock. Then you were imprisoned in various
prisons and finally carried off to Siberia
where you now are in a faraway place,
Maklakovo, laboring as a servant and guard
at a home for the handicapped. Therefore,
we express our heartfelt gratitude to you,
venerable brother, for the zealous fulfillment
of your priestly and pastoral office at the
cost of freedom; and because you chose 'to
carry disgrace for the name of Jesus,' we
arduously implore the Divine Infant Jesus
to graciously comfort and strengthen your
soul in the midst of many discomforts and
unpleasantness. Meanwhile as a sign of cer-
tain heavenly protection and our particular
affection we bestow upon you, venerable
brother, with our wholeheart our apostolic
benediction.
"Given in Rome at Saint Peter's, on the
25th day of the month of December on the
Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the
year 1957, during the 19th year of our reign
as supreme pontiff.
"POPE Pius XII."
(Uryadoviy Veesnyk A. V. 1959, Nos. 1-3,
pp. 38-40.)
We regret that we do not have any answer
from the most eminent addressee about re-
ceiving this papal letter although we can
guess that he received it, and that it was a
great joy to him in his sad state.
METROPOLITAN SLIPY AS THE GOOD SHEPHERD
Great are the courage and the constancy
in holy faith of Metropolitan Joseph Slipy,
who as the "Good Shepherd gives His life
for His flock" (John 10:11). He did not sur-
render before the godless government, did
not deny his Catholic Church and did not
betray his sheep. He was not afraid of suf-
fering and with repugnance discharged the
sly and treacherous promises of the atheistic
government. He is aware that the eyes of
his unfortunate faithful in the Ukraine, who
are also persecuted because of their faith,
are turned to him. Not only are they gaz-
ing upon him as their suffering bishop, but
also those whom he would want to win for
Christ and for church unity. For this rea-
son, he carries the burdensome chains of
imprisonment, and these chains, according
to the words of His Holiness, Pope Pius XII,
will surely speak louder to the faithful and
the unfaithful than the living word (Pro
Ecc.).
Although he is physically weak, he is al-
ways spiritually strong. He looks to the
crucified Christ and is enraptured with the
limitless love that God has for us; and from
this he obtains new strength for endurance
and immunity for all discomforts, and phys-
ical and moral suffering. Patiently, resign-
ing himself to the will of God, he endures
everything. It is appropriate, therefore, to
quote St. Paul's letter to the Corinthians:
"In all things we suffer tribulation, but are
not distressed; we are sore pressed, but are
not destitute; we suffer persecution, but are
not forsaken; we are cast down, but we
perish not. For we who live are always de-
livered unto death for Jesus' sake; that the
life also of Jesus may be made manifest in
our mortal flesh" (2 Corinthians 4:8).
..And Christ, our Divine High Priest, cer-
tainly assists generously His faithful servant
in order that he would emerge from this
difficult battle crying out the words of St.
Paul in his second epistle to Timothy: "I
have fought a good fight, I have finishedmy
course, I have kept the faith. As to the rest,
there is laid up for me a crown of justice,
which the Lord the Just Judge will render
to me" (4: 7-8).
and let us thank the merciful God that He
gave us such an illustrious archbishop. Let
us give thanks for all those graces which
were granted to him by our Lord throughout
his life until now and let us ask Him so that
He would keep him for us and present him
with the richest love for many years to come,
until the triumph of Christ's kingdom in our
native Ukraine and in the whole world.
On this day on which we commemorate
the birth of our suffering archbishop, let us
increase our humble petitions, so that these
lofty Christ-like ideals for which he suffers
and offers himself as a supreme sacrifice,
would bloom sooner. Let his fervent wish to
see the Ukrainian nation united in one, holy
Catholic and apostolic church, under the in-
fallible guidance of the highest supreme pas-
tor, come true.
Exalting the heroic efforts of our metro-
politan confessor before God and before the
world, let us repeat, dearly beloved, our
ardent prayer crusade, so that God may
grant a better future for our holy church
and for our Ukrainian nation. Let us bring
to the attention of other nations the injus-
tice which is perpetrated in our native land
and let us ask their participation in our
prayer crusade for God-given and human
rights for our church and our nation. Let
our voice also be heard by the mighty na-
tions of this world that often talk so much
about the rights of man and liberty of na-
tions and hardly any of them have the cour-
age to stand up and defend these rights for
our nation. Let our voice also be heard by
those that have ' put the chains of bondage
on our people, so that they realize and do
penance for their evils. We turn to them to-
gether with our bishop-jubilarian with the
words of Isaias the prophet: "Mighty ones
humble yourselves, because God is with us"
(8: 9).
"The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and
the love of God and the Father, and the com-
munion of the Holy Ghost, be with you
all"-11, Corinthians 13: 13.
Given in Winnipeg, Philadelphia, Rome,
Edmonton, Toronto, Saskatoon, Stamford,
Chicago, Melbourne, Munich, Paris, Curitibi,
Buenos Aires, London, on the 17th day of
February in the year of our Lord 1962.
Maxime, Metropolitan-Archbishop; John
Archbishop; Isidore, Bishop; Joseph,
Bishop; John, Bishop; Volodimir,
Bishop; Andrew, Bishop; Ambrose,
Metropolitan-Archbishop; Neil, Bish-
op; Andrew, Bishop Jaroslav, Bishop;
Platon, Bishop; Joseph, Bishop; Au-
gustine, Bishop.
(It is requested that all the Very Rever-
end and Reverend Fathers offer the Divine
Liturgy on the birthday of Metropolitan
Joseph Slipy for the Intention of His Ex-
cellency, and that the faithful be exhorted
to do works of penance, offer prayers, and
receive the Holy Sacraments for the inten-
tion of our church and for its Prime Hi-
erarch, the Most Revend Joseph Slipy).
SOVIET BID TO DOMINATE
THE SEAS
(Mr. HAGEN of California asked and
was given permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
include extraneous matter.)
Mr. HAGEN of California. Mr.
Speaker, I invite the Members attention
to the following review of the growing
threat of the Soviet merchant marine
fleet:
.Much has been said in recent days
about the degree of Russia's accomplish-
ments in outer space. But, little notice
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18880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
has been taken of the Kremlin's accel- panded its research facilities. Our Bureau oI
Commercial Fisheries estimates that "thou-
erited pro?;ram to overtake us on the
sands of Soviet scientists, technologists and
high seas. other workers are engaged in marine research
While we are bogged down in quibbling activities," with headquarters at big research
over` whether or not a partial maritime institutes at Murmansk and Vladivostok.
subsidy is proper, the Soviets, with a 100- The Soviets have a research ship in the In-
percent subsidized effort will in the not dian Ocean, have built an oceanography
too distant future have many more school in Indonesia and are teaching new
merchant vessels on the oceans than we fishing techniques to the Vietnamese, among
do. These, of course, are for trade, eco- other projects.
nomic, political, and propaganda pur- wOERIES UNITED STATES
poses. Likewise, the Soviet Navy, with This outburst of Soviet energy on the high
reportedly 100 submarines now in opera- seas worries marine specialists in Washing-
tion, is not being neglected. . ton. Assistant Secretary of the Navy Ken-
All of this adds up to a "Soviet Bid To neth E. BeLieu warned in a San Francisco
speech of "the challenge of the emerging
Dominate the Seas," the title; of an ex- Communist-bloc maritime power" and fore-
cellent review, of recent date, tythe dis- saw an epic battle for control of the waves.
tinguished journalist and writer, Fletcher He said the Soviet merchant fleet "is
Knebel, which -I am inserting at this young, vigorous, and growing rapidly" and
point in the RECORD: said. her active cargo carriers increased 30
SOVIET Bm To DOMINATE THE SEAS times asfast as the American fleet last year.
"Will we," he asked, "allow ourselves to
(By Fletcher Knebel) be driven from the seas commercially for the
WASHINGTON, D.C.-The Red flag streams first time in our history while we try to take
from masts over the seven seali as- Soviet comfort in possession of the world's great-
Russia bids to become one of the world's test Navy?"
great maritime powers. Senators WARREN MAGNUSON, Democrat, of
Landlocked for centuries, Russia has Washington, and BENJAMIN SMITH, Demo-
burst out to sea and now raises .a. menacing crat, of Massachusetts, warned in the Sen-
challenge to the naval and mere:hant fleets ate that Russia's modern fishing fleets were
of the free world. out-catching the "small and ancient" Amer-
GIANT STRIDES ican fishing ships off both coasts.
In the last decade, largely unnoticed ex- BIG PROGRAM
cept by intelligence and marine technicians Whether the United States will take steps
in the West, Russia has made giant strides to counterac': the Russian maritime surge
in all phases of ocean commerce with these remains to be seen. The U.S. naval building
results: program this year is a huge one, but there
Soviet trawlers are now actually outflsh- has been no comparable drive in the mer-
ing American fishermen in Atlactic and Pa- chant maring, and fishing fleets.
cific waters off the U.S. coasts which, until In the non-Government area of seapower,
cial fishing boat. As many os 400 Red
trawlers appeared this year, about half on
Georges Bank off Cape Cod and about half
in the Bering Sea near Alaska.
The Soviet Navy, now manned by 750,000
officers and men, has grown swiftly and
numbers more than 400 submarines, 25
Cruisers, 165 destroyers, 275 frigates, and
hundreds of smaller fighting craft and
auxiliaries.
The Soviet merchant marine is swelling
rapidly at the same time that the U.S. mer-
chant fleet- is contracting. In 6 years, Rus-
sia has almost doubled her merchant marine,
now has a".most 1,000 freighters and tankers
with a total of about 5,500,000 deadweight
tons. Twenty-first in world trade volume
only 4 years ago, Russia is now iixth.
In shipbuilding, Russia is ordering ves-
sels at a dizzy pace, outbuilding the United
states two for one. This year, according to
the authoritative Marine 'Engineering Log,
Russia is building 2,086,000 tons of mer-
chant shipping as contrasted with 1,084,000
by the United States. Rusa,ia has 169
freighters, 40 tankers, and 17 passenger-
car vessels under construction in ship-
yards located in Russia, East Germany, Fin-
land, Yugoslavia, Japan, Italy, Bulgaria,
Poland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Denmark,
and West Germany. -
In marine design and gadgetry, Russia is
going in for the most modern improvements.
Her trawler fleets have great mother ships
which process, package, and freeze the fish
as caught.
She is experimenting with hydrofoil pas-
senger ships, has built nuclear subs and ice-
breakers and has automated to the point
where one man at a console can unload a
ship. Six Russian tankers being built in
Japan will have racy Yankee clipper lines
with closed-circuit TV for loading operations.
In oceanography, Russia hi o vastly ex-
high wages, and costs have driven ship-
building abroad and many U.S. merchant
vessels to the haven of foreign-flag Operation.
In reverse, many American-flag operators
have sought the shelter of government sub-
sidies. Meanwhile Russia, her merchant ma-
rine spliced to the total state of the Krem??
lin, challenges for dominance of the high
seas.
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
sence was granted to Mr. THOMPSON of
New Jersey (at the request of Mr. BOLL-
ING), for today, on account of business.
September
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
By unanimous consent, permission to
extend remarks in the Appendix of the
RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks,
was granted to:
Mr. ROOSEVELT in three instances and
to include extraneous matter.
Mr. SANTANGELO in three instances and
to include extraneous matter.
Mr. FEIGHAN in four instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. MONTOYA and to include extra-
neous matter.
Mr. LANE in five instances and to in-
clude extraneous matter.
Mr. COHELAN in five instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. STEED to extend his remarks fol-
lowing the vote on the legislative ap-
propriation bill.
Mr. HAGEN of California in three in-
stances and to include extraneous mat-
ter.
Mr. HECHLER (at the request of Mr.
GONZALEZ) was granted permission to
extend his remarks in the body of the
RECORD immediately prior to the passage
of House Resolution 800.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. MILLIKEN) and to include
extraneous matter:)
Mr. ELLSWORTH in two instances.
Mr. DEROUNIAN in six instances.
Mr. FINDLEY.
Mr. MOORE in two instances.
Mr. HALL.
Mr. SCHWENGEL in three instances.
Mr. SEELY-BROWN.
Mr. HosMER in two instances.
Mr. MATHIAS in two instances.
Mr. COLLIER in four instances.
Mr. NORBLAD in four instances.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. GONZALEZ) and to include
extraneous matter:)
Mr. ALBERT.
Mr. ROONEY in two instances.
Mr. TOLL in two instances.
Mr. FLOOD in two insances.
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina in two
instances.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special Orders
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. MACNUSON (at the request of
Mr. WICKER.SHAM), for 15 minutes, today.
Mr. ROGERS of Florida, for 30 minutes,
tomorrow.
Mr. HALL ERN (at the request of Mr..
MILLIKEN), for 10 minutes, today.
Mr.- FLOOD (at the request of Mr.
GONZALEZ), for 30 minutes, tomorrow, to
revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous matter.
Mr. GROSS, for 10 minutes on Monday,
September 24.
Mr. CRAMMER, for 30 minutes, Septem-
ber 20.
Mr. MCDOWELL (at the request of Mr.
GONZALEZ) for 20 minutes, today, and to
revise and'extend his remarks and to in-
clude extraneous matter.
Mr. HEMPHILL in two instances.
Mr. DULSKI.
Mrs. KELLY.
Mrs. HANSEN.
Mr. CAREY in two instances.
Mr. JOHNSON of Wisconsin in 15 in-
stances.
ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED
Mr. BURLESON, from the Committee
on House Administration, reported that
that committee had examined and found
truly enrolled bills of the House of the
following titles, which were thereupon
signed by the Speaker :
H.R.2292. An act to authorize the Sec-
retary of the Treasury to issue certificates
of honorable service in lieu of certificates
of disenrollment to certain persons who
served as temporary members of the U.S.
Coast Guard Reserve during World War II;
H.R.9914. An act for the relief of San-
Man Inn of Manning, Inc.;
H.R. 11974. An act to authorize appro-
priations for the Atomic Energy Commission
in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic
Approved For Release 2007/01/20: CIA-RDP64B00346R000200150011-5